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PROCESS
WAVEFORM CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
®
AC/DC Submerged Arc Welding
Improves Productivity, Quality and Safety
For over 50 years, Lincoln
Electric has offered its
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
customers high deposition rates,
reliable penetration, and smooth
bead appearance.
Now, Lincoln brings you the first
advance in SAW technology that
provides the option of variable
polarity. Changes in the balance
of positive and negative polarity
of the AC waveform enable the
operator to change penetration
and deposition, without changing
the current or voltage settings.
Lincoln’s AC/DC Submerged Arc
process with the Power Wave
power source gives the operator
real-time control. Instead of
making a weld, stopping and
re-programming the new
parameters, and running a test
weld to make sure they worked,
changing the face of a weld is as
easy as turning a knob.
The future of welding is here.
The Power Wave®AC/DC 1000™ takes Submerged Arc Welding to the next
level. In addition to conventional benefits of SAW, such as high deposition
rates and good penetration, heightened control and faster responses to
the arc are unique to the design of the Power Wave
advantages
®
AC/DC 1000™.
MODULAR
The Power Wave AC/DC1000 is designed for easy paralleling, overcoming the
problems typically associated with synchronization of AC waveforms for
increased amperage applications.
MULTI-ARC
AC/DC welding is designed for applications that require up to five
independently controlled welding arcs.
EASY INTEGRATION
Digital Communications provide a simple solution for the integration of the
welding power source to the motion controlling Programmable
Logic Controller (PLC).
INCREASED PROCESS CONTROL
Digital Communications also enable the use of software tools to record the
actual welding values for each weld as well as monitoring the status of the
welding system.
WAVEFORM CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
The Power Wave AC/DC 1000 is equipped with factory-programmed
procedures for fast setup.
Patented. This product is protected by one or more of the following United States patents: 6,809,292;
6,795,778; 6,700,097; 6,697,701; 6,683,278; 6,660,966; 6,600,134; 6,683,278; 6,596,570; 6,570,130;
6,536,660; 6,489,952; 6,472,634; 6,636,776; 6,486,439; 6,441,342; 6,365,874; 6,291,798; 6,207,929;
6,111,216; 4,927,041; 4,861,965 and other pending U.S. patents. Similar patents are maintained in
other countries.
®
© Copyright 2006 The Lincoln Electric Company. All rights reserved.
NX-2.30 3/06
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WAVEFORM CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
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®
PROCESS
AC/DC Submerged Arc Welding
What
Is AC/DC Submerged Arc?
A Submerged Arc Welding
(SAW) option that combined
the advantages of AC and DC
SAW welding was not possible
until now.
A Lincoln inverter power
source coupled with Waveform
Control Technology provides
control over the ratio of
positive to negative amplitude,
as well as the amount of time
spent at each polarity.
The limiting factor for SAW AC
welding has always been that
it takes too long to cross from
electrode positive (EP) to
electrode negative (EN). This
lag can cause arc instability,
penetration, and deposition
problems in certain
applications.
The Lincoln Power Wave
AC/DC 1000 with Waveform
Control was designed specifically to
solve this problem, allowing the
operator to take full advantage of the
reduction in arc blow experienced with
AC, while maintaining the penetration
advantages of DC positive and the
advantageous deposition rate of DC
negative. Using these controls, the
shape of the output waveform is
changed, and in turn the welding
characteristics are controlled.
The AC/DC Submerged Arc Process
Frequency
Positive
Current
Current
Negative Current
The above waveform represents the possible variations of an
AC/DC waveform with Waveform Control Technology.
Different parts of the waveform and wire feed speed may be
modulated at varying rates to achieve a smooth, stable arc.
With the Power Wave AC/DC 1000,
you get the best of both worlds: the
speed, deposition rate, and penetration
that DC SAW offers, and the
resistance to arc blow that AC SAW
offers. In single arc processes, the
Power Wave AC/DC 1000 provides
flexibility with Waveform Control
Technology. In multiple arc processes,
that same flexibility is achieved
through control of phase shifting
between arcs.
2/6
Time
How
AC/DC Submerged Arc Works in a Single Arc Environment
Waveform Control Technology gives the operator the ability to change the positive and negative amplitude and
time intervals independently of each other, to achieve the penetration and deposition rate that suits their
application. In other words, if a weld requires greater penetration and reduced deposition, the operator would
add a positive DC offset, forcing an imbalance in the waveform. Adding negative current results in higher
deposition rates. Changing the balance of the positive or negative time intervals provides additional penetration
or deposition control.
+
A balanced AC process
uses a combination of DC
positive and DC negative
amperage.
Adding positive or
negative DC offsets
change the deposition
and penetration
characteristics.
The future of welding is here.
=
Increasing the positive
amplitude of the
waveform increases
penetration.
Increasing the amplitude or time
balance of the negative amplitude
increases deposition and
decreases penetration.
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WAVEFORM CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
®
PROCESS
AC/DC Submerged Arc Welding
Using AC/DC
The AC/DC SAW process is the ideal choice for
high-deposition, high-speed welds that can be made in
the 1G position. Whether your applications demands a
single arc or up to five synchronized arcs, AC/DC SAW
with the Power Wave will increase weld speeds and
yield higher quality welds.
In multiple arc welding, as many as 5 arcs operate in a
single weld puddle. The positive and negative polarity
phases of the AC waveform can be independently
adjusted, as well as the cycle balance. Changes to the
combination of any of these values will change the
deposition rate, penetration, and travel speed, without
changing the voltage or current settings.
Typical DC-AC two-arc combinations can be replaced
with AC/DC Power Waves for either AC/DC or AC/AC
welding applications.
3/6
How
AC/DC Submerged Arc Works in a Multi-Arc Environment
When more than one arc is present, arc interaction plays an important role in the behavior of the weld. Two
positive electrodes pull together because their magnetic fields attract each other. Two negative electrodes also
pull together. One negative and one positive electrode repel or push against each other. By phase shifting the AC
waveforms the amount of “push” and “pull” of the arc interaction can be balanced. This is the reason multi-arc
processes use alternating current to minimize arc blow.
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In this example, both electrodes are either always
positive, or always negative, causing a constant
“pull”. Constant “pulling” will lead to arc blow,
penetration, and bead appearance problems.
The future of welding is here.
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Similar to the way a single arc process allows operator
flexibility through manipulation of the waveform, the dual arc
process is controlled by shifting the phase of the waveform.
In the above waveform, the amount of time that both
electrodes are positive is balanced with the amount of time
that one is positive and one is negative.
®
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WAVEFORM CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
®
PROCESS
AC/DC Submerged Arc Welding
Using AC/DC
®
Power Wave
being used for:
• Longitudinal and spiral pipe mills
• Mold rebuilding
• Structural material for bridges and offshore platforms
• Pressure vessels
• Shipbuilding
The Power Wave AC/DC 1000 is designed to be
easily paralleled for welding applications that
require higher amperage. Each Power Wave
AC/DC 1000 provides 1000 amps of AC or DC
output at 100% duty cycle and can be paralleled
to any desired capacity.
AC/DC 1000™ multi-arc welding is
Three-Arc Power Wave AC/DC 1000 Submerged Arc
welding system controlled by a PLC
4/6
Interfacing
with Power Wave AC/DC 1000
Hard Automation
For repeatable, high-deposition, quality
welds, the Power Wave AC/DC 1000
coupled with a PLC provides a reliable
hard automation welding solution. The
Power Wave AC/DC 1000 can easily
be connected to a PLC with the
standard Ethernet/DeviceNet gateway
board (which is included in the Power
Wave AC/DC 1000). The
Ethernet/DeviceNet gateway board
also allows the system to be tracked
and monitored from a remote location,
over a network.
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
24 Volt Power Supply
Customer Supplied
– and –
Allen-BradleyTMPanelView
User Interface
Power Wave AC/DC 1000 with
Ethernet/DeviceNet Gateway
Typical Hard Automation Welding System Configuration
The future of welding is here.
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WAVEFORM CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
®
PROCESS
AC/DC Submerged Arc Welding
Benefits
of Power Wave®AC/DC 1000™
Power Electronics
Power Wave AC/DC 1000 uses
inverter technology, not SCR or
cyclo-conversion, which limits
control options.
Control
Choice of AC frequency (from 10 Hz to
100 Hz) standard, balance of positive
and negative half-cycles, and
amplitudes.
Efficiency
Inverter power sources operate
at 87% efficiency and a power
factor of 95%.
Stability
Increased stability of phase-shifting of
multiple arcs due to the capability of
any degree of shift to create equal ratios
of magnetic push and pull.
Waveform Control
Waveform Control and infinite phase
shifting stabilize imbalanced waveforms.
The operator achieves full control of
penetration and deposition without
changing heat input levels.
Power Wave AC/DC 1000
Communications between ArcLink and
Ethernet enable equipment tracking via
Lincoln Electric's Production Monitoring™
5/6
software utility.
Productivity
of Dual Arc SAW
Fill
Productivity
100% DC/AC 650/650 30/34 31 80.5 45/55 5/32 15/18 32.66 0.0620
109% AC
130% AC
135% AC 25%
The future of welding is here.
Process Current
(Amps)
650/650 30/34 31 80.5 54/55 5/32 17.5/18 35.59 0.0676
Balanced
650/650 30/34 31 80.5 64.5/65.7 5/32 21/21.4 42.39 0.0805
25% DCEP
Balanced
650/650 30/34 31 80.5 68/67 5/32 22/22 44 0.0836
DCEP 25%
DC Offset
Voltage
(Volts)
Travel
Speed
(IPM)
Total
Kj/in.
Wire Feed
Speed
(IPM)
Electrode
Diameter
(in.)
Deposit
Rate
(Lbs/Hr)
Total
Lbs/Hr
Area/pass
(sq. in.)
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WAVEFORM CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
®
PROCESS
AC/DC Submerged Arc Welding
WHAT IS NEXTWELD?
Lincoln Welding Systems
featuring AC/DC
Power Wave®AC/DC 1000™
The Power Wave AC/DC 1000 is equipped with
Waveform Control Technology and Inverter
Power Source design, to provide the highest
reliability and weld quality the welding industry
has to offer.
Power Wave AC/DC 1000 operates at a 95%
power factor with low harmonic distortion, and is
87% efficient. It draws equally matched currents
from a three-phase line and can produce both
sine and square waves, for compatibility with
older equipment or better penetration and greater
deposition with new processes.
Power Feed™ 10A Controller
The Power Feed 10A Controller is the next
generation in automatic submerged arc
feeding. Designed for use with the Power
Wave AC/DC 1000 power source, the Power
Feed 10A eliminates the need for a separate
AC and DC controller, making this powerful
hard automation system controllable,
adaptable and easy to use. The user-friendly
control panel offers a single-point of control
over the entire welding cell, including the
Power Wave's Waveform Control Technology™, delivering an
unprecedented level of control over wave balance, amplitude and
The challenges facing industrial
fabricators today are growing in number
and complexity. Rising labor, material
and energy costs, intense domestic and
global competition, a dwindling pool of
skilled workers, more
stringent and specific
quality demands all
contribute to a more
difficult welding
environment today.
Through our
commitment to
extensive research
and investments in
product
development, Lincoln
Electric has established an industry
benchmark for applying technology to
improve the quality, lower the cost and
enhance the performance of arc welding
processes. Advancements in power
electronics, digital communications and
Waveform Control Technology
foundation for many of the
improvements.
NEXTWELD brings you a series of
Process, Technology, Application and
Success Story documents like this one.
NEXTWELD explains how technologies,
products, processes and applications are
linked together to answer the important
questions that all businesses face:
• How can we work faster, smarter,
• How can we get equipment and
• How do we stay competitive?
TM
are the
more efficiently?
people to perform in ways they’ve
never had to before?
6/6
NEXTWELD is the future of welding but
Customer Assistance Policy
The business of The Lincoln Electric Company is manufacturing and selling high quality welding
equipment, consumables, and cutting equipment. Our challenge is to meet the needs of our customer
and to exceed their expectations. On occasion, purchasers may ask Lincoln Electric for advice or
information about their use of our products. We respond to our customers based on the best information
in our possession at that time. Lincoln Electric is not in a position to warrant or guarantee such advice,
and assumes no liability, with respect to such information or advice. We expressly disclaim any warranty
of any kind, including any warranty of fitness for any customer’s particular purpose, with respect to such
information or advice. As a matter of practical consideration, we also cannot assume any responsibility
for updating or correcting any such information or advice once it has been given, nor does the provision
of information or advice create, expand or alter any warranty with respect to the sale of our products.
Lincoln Electric is a responsive manufacturer, but the selection and use of specific products sold by
Lincoln Electric is solely within the control of, and remains the sole responsibility of the customer. Many
variables beyond the control of Lincoln Electric affect the results obtained in applying these types of
fabrication methods and
service requirement.
Subject to change - This information is accurate to the best of our knowledge
at the time of printing. Please refer to www.lincolnelectric.com for any updated information.
its benefits are available to you today.
Ask your Lincoln Electric representative
how to improve the flexibility, efficiency
and quality of your welding operations to
reduce your cost of fabrication.
THE LINCOLN ELECTRIC COMPANY
www.lincolnelectric.com
1.216.481.8100
The future of welding is here.
®
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