LevelOne GEP-2450 User Manual
GEP-2450
24 GE PoE-Plus with 4 GE Combo S FP
Web Smart S witch
User Manual
Rev 1.0
Dec 2012
i
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Unless the explicit written permission of Manufacture Corporation, this
document in whole or in part shall not be replicated or modified or amended or transmitted, in any from, or by any means manual, electric,
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DURATION OF HARDWARE WARRANTY
HARDWARE: In accordance with the provisions described under, Manufacture Corporation (hereinafter called “Manufacture”) warrants its
hardware products (hereinafter referred to as “Product”) specified herein to be for a period of twelve (12) months from the date of shipment.
Should a Product fail to perform during the effective warranty period as described above, Manufacture shall replace the defective Product or
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return material authorization (RMA) procedures and returns all defective Product prior to installation of the replacements to Manufacture.
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Manufacture shall not be responsible for any software, firmware, information or memory data contained in, stored on or integrated with any
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EXCLUSIONS. The warranty as mentioned above does not apply to the following conditions, in Manufacture’s judgment, it contains (1)
customer does not comply with the manual instructions offered by Manufacture in installation, operation, repair or maintenance, (2) Product
fails due to damage from unusual external or electrical stress, shipment, storage, accident, abuse or misuse, (3) Product is used in an extra
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DISCLAIMER. EXCEPT AS SPECIFICALLY PROVIDED ABOVE AS REQUIRED “AS IS” AND THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES
STATED ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. ANY AND ALL OTHER
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ii
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iii
Table of Contents
CAUTION ............................................................................................................................ V
ELECTRONIC EMISSION NOTICES ........................................................................................ V
WARNING: ......................................................................................................................... VI
1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 2
1-1.
OVERVIEW OF 24-PORT GBE WEB SMART POE SWITCH .............................................. 2
1-2.
CHECKLIST .................................................................................................................. 3
1-3.
FEATURES .................................................................................................................... 3
1-4.
VIEW OF 24-PORT GBE POE WEB SMART SWITCH ...................................................... 5
1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs)
.......................... 5
1-4-2. User Interfaces on the Rear Panel
...................................................................... 6
1-5.
VIEW OF T HE OPTIONAL MODULES .............................................................................. 7
2.
INSTALLATION ......................................................................................................... 8
2-1.
STARTING 24-PORT GBE WEB SMART POE SWITCH UP ............................................... 8
2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation
....................................................................... 8
2-1-2. Cabling Requirements
.......................................................................................10
2-1-3. Configuring the Management Agent of 24-Port GbE Web Smart Switch
..........14
2-1-4. IP Addres s As signm ent
......................................................................................15
2-2.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS ..............................................................................................19
3.
BASIC CONCEPT AND MANAGEMENT .............................................................21
3-1.
WHAT’S THE ETHERNET ..............................................................................................21
3-2.
LOGICAL LINK CONTROL (LLC) .................................................................................22
3-3.
MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL (MAC) ..............................................................................24
3-4.
FLOW CONTROL .........................................................................................................29
3-5.
HOW DOES A SWITCH WORK? ......................................................................................32
3-6.
VIRTUAL LAN ............................................................................................................36
4. OPERATION OF WEB-BASED MANAGEMENT
...................................................42
4-1.
WEB MANAGEMENT HOME OVERVIEW ......................................................................43
4-2.
CONFIGURATION .........................................................................................................45
4-2-1. System Information
............................................................................................46
4-2-2. Port Configuration
............................................................................................50
4-2-3. VLAN Mode Configuration
................................................................................52
4-2-4. VLAN Group Configuration
...............................................................................53
4-2-5. VLAN Port Isolation Configuration
...................................................................57
4-2-6. Aggregati on
.......................................................................................................58
4-2-7. IGMP Snooping
.................................................................................................59
4-2-8. Mirroring Configuration
...................................................................................61
4-2-9. SNMP
................................................................................................................62
4-2-10. Loop Detection
................................................................................................64
4-2-11. Broadcast Strom Protection
.............................................................................66
4-2-12. PoE
..................................................................................................................69
4-2-13. QoS(Quality of Service) Configuration ...........................................................79
4-3.
MONITORING ..............................................................................................................82
4-3-1. Statistics Overview
............................................................................................83
4-3-2. Detailed Statistics
..............................................................................................84
4-3-4. IGMP Status
......................................................................................................87
4-3-5. PoE Status
.........................................................................................................89
4-3-6. Ping Status
.........................................................................................................91
4-4.
MAINTENANCE ...........................................................................................................93
4-4-1. W arm Restart
.....................................................................................................94
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4-4-2. Factory Default .................................................................................................95
4-4-3. Software Upgrade
..............................................................................................96
4-4-4. Configuration File Transfer
...............................................................................97
4-4-5. Logout
................................................................................................................98
5. MAINTENANCE
............................................................................................................99
5-1.
RESOLVING NO LINK CONDITION ...............................................................................99
5-2.
Q&A ..........................................................................................................................99
APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
.........................................................100
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Caution
Circuit devices are sensitive to static electricity, which can damage their
delicate electronics. Dry weather conditions or walking across a carpeted floor may
cause you to acquire a static electrical charge.
To protect your device, always:
• Touch the metal chassis of your computer to ground the static electrical charge
before you pick up the circuit device.
• Pick up the device by holding it on the left and right edges only.
• If you need using outdoor device connect to this device with cable then you
need to addition an arrester on the cable between outdoor device and this
device.
Figure 1 Addition an arrester between outdoor device and this switch
• The switch supports the SFP Vendor includes: Manufacture, Agilent, Avago and
Finisa
Electronic Emission N ot ices
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of part 15 of FCC Rules, which are
designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated
in a commercial environment.
European Community (CE) Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the protection
requirements of European Emission Standard EN55022/EN61000-3 and the
Generic European Imm unity Stan dard EN55024.
EMC:
EN55022(2003)/CISPR-2( 2002) class A
IEC61000-4-2 (2001) 4K V CD, 8KV, AD
IEC61000-4-3( 2002) 3V/m
IEC61000-4-4(2001) 1KV – (power line), 0.5KV – (signal line)
vi
Warning:
• Self-demolition on Prod uc t is strictly prohibited. Damage caused by self-
demolition will be charged for repairing fees.
• Do not place product at outdoor or sandstorm.
•
Before installation, please make sure input power supply and product
specifications are compatible to each other.
User Manual
1
About this user’s manual
This user’s manual provides instruc tio ns on how to instal l your Web Smart Switch.
This guide also covers management options and detailed explanation about
hardware and software functions.
Overview of this user’s manual
Chapter 1 “Introduction” describes the features of 24-port Gigabit Web
Smart PoE Switch
Chapter 2 “Installation”
Chapter 3 “Operating Concept and Management”
Chapter 4 “Operation of Web-based Management”
Chapter 5 “Maintenance”
2
1. Introduction
1-1. Overview of 24-Port GbE Web Smart PoE Switch
The 24-port Gigab it Web Smart PoE Switch is a standard switch tha t meets
all IEEE 802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, Fast Ethernet specifications. The switch has 20
10/100/1000Mbps TP ports and 4 Gig abit TP/SFP tran sceiver slots, It sup ports http
and SNMP interface for switch management. The network administrator can logon
the switch to monitor, configure and control each port’s activity. In addition, the
switch implements the QoS ( Quality of Service), VLAN, and Trunk ing. It is suitable
for office application.
Others the switch increas e support the Power savin g for reduce the power
consumption with "ActiPHY Power Management" and "PerfectReach Power
Management" two technique.It could efficient saving the switch power with auto
detect the client idle and cable length to provide different power.
In this switch, Port 21 , 22, 23, 2 4 includes two t ypes of m edia --- TP and SFP
Fiber (LC, BiDi-SC…); this por t supports 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000 Mbps S FP
Fiber with auto-de tec ted f unc tion . 1 000 Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for highspeed connection expansion.
1000Mbps LC, Multi-Mode, SFP Fiber transceiver
1000Mbps LC, 10km, SFP Fiber transceiver
1000Mbps LC, 30km, SFP Fiber transceiver
1000Mbps LC, 50km, SFP Fiber transceiver
1000Mbps BiDi-SC, 20km, 1550nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
1000Mbps BiDi-SC, 20km, 1310nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
10/100/1000Mbps TP is a standard Ethernet port that meets all IEEE
802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, F ast Ethernet specifications. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver
is a Gigabit Ethernet port that fully complies with all IEEE 802.3z and 1000Bas eSX/LX standards.
1000Mbps Single Fiber WDM (BiDi) transceiver is designed with an optic
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology that transports bi-directional
full duplex signal over a single fiber simultaneously.
•
Key Features in the Device
QoS:
The
switch offers powerful QoS function. This function supports 802.1p
VLAN tag priority and DSCP on Layer 3 of network framework.
VLAN:
Supports Port-based VLAN, IEEE802.1Q T ag VLAN. And supports 24 active
VLANs and VLAN ID 1~4094.
3
Port Trunking:
Allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a Link
Aggregation Group by the static setting.
Power Saving:
The Power saving using the "ActiPHY Power Management" and
"PerfectReach Po wer Managem ent" two techniques to detect the c lient idle
and cable length automatically and provides the different power. It could
efficient to save the switch power and reduce the power consumption.
PoE:
24-PoE ports allow power to be supplied to en d devices, such as W ireless
Access Points or VoIP Phones, directly through the existing LAN cables,
eliminating costs f or additional AC wiring and reduc ing Installation Cost. It
was compliant with IEEE802.3af standard. It provides the endpoint with
48VDC power throu gh RJ-45 pin 1, 2, 3, 6. Others the GEP-2450 provides
185 watts of total power (up 7.7 watts for 24 ports)
1-2. Checklist
Before you start installing the switch, verify that the package contains the
following:
24-Port GbE Web Smart PoE Swi tch
Modules (optional)
Mounting Accessory (for 19” Rack Shelf)
This User's Manual in CD-ROM
AC Power Cord
Please notify your sales representative immediately if any of the aforementioned
items is missing or damaged.
1-3. Features
The 24-Port GbE W eb Smart PoE Switch, a standalone off-the-shelf switch,
provides the comprehensive features listed below for users to perform system
network administration and efficiently and securely serve your network.
•
Hardware
•
20 10/100/1000Mbps Auto-negotiation Gigabit Ethernet TP ports
•
4 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber dual media auto sense
•
512KB on-chip frame buffer
• Jumbo frame support 9KB
• Programmable classifier for QoS (Layer 2/Layer 3)
• 8K MAC address and support VLAN ID (1~4094)
• Per-port shaping, polic ing, and Broa dc ast Storm Control
• Power Saving with "ActiPHY Power Management" and "Perfect Reach Power
Management" techniques.
• IEEE802.1Q-in-Q nested VLAN support
4
• Full-duplex flow control (IEEE802.3x) and half-duplex backpressure
• Extensive front-panel diagnostic LEDs; System: Power, TP Port1-24:
LINK/ACT, PoE,10/100/100 0Mbps, SFP Port 21,22,23,24: SFP(LINK/ACT )
• Management
• Supports concisely the status of port and easily port configuration
• Supports per port traffic monitoring counters
• Supports a snapshot of the system Information when you login
• Supports port mirror function
• Supports the static trunk function
• Supports 802.1Q VLAN
• Supports user management and limits one user to login
• Maximal packet length can be up to 9600 bytes for jumbo frame application
• Supports Broadcasting Suppression to avoid network suspended or crashed
• Supports to send the trap event while monitored events happened
• Supports default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current
configuration which is working on via Web UI and Reset button of the switch
• Supports on-line plug/unplug SFP modules
• Supports Quality of Service (QoS) for real time applications based on the
information taken from Layer 2 to Layer 3.
• Built-in web-based m anagem ent inst ead of us ing C LI interfac e, pro viding a more
convenient GUI for the user
5
1-4. View of 24-Port GbE POE Web Smart Switch
1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs)
There are 24 TP Gigabit Ethernet PoE ports and 4 SFP fiber ports for
optional removable modules on the front panel of the switch. LED display area,
locating on the left side of the panel, contains a Power LED, which indicates the
power status and 24 ports working status of the switch.
Fig. 1-1 Full View of 24-PORT GBE WEB SMART PoE SWITCH
Fig. 1-2 Front View of 24-PORT GBE WEB SMART PoE Switch
6
• LED Indicators
LED
Color
Function
System LED
POWER
Green
Lit when +3.3V power is coming up
10/100/1000Ethernet TP Port 1 to 20 LED
LINK/ACT Green
Lit when connection with remote device is good
Blinks when any traffic is present
SPD
Green/
Yellow/
Off
Lit Green when TP link on 1000Mbps speed
Lit Yellow when TP link on 10/100Mbps speed
Off when no link occur
1000SX/LX Gigabit Fiber Port 21,22,23,24 LED
LINK/ACT Green
Lit when SFP connection with remote device is good
Blinks when any traffic is present
SPD
Green/
Yellow/
Off
Lit Green when SFP link on 1000Mbps speed
Lit Yellow when SFP link on 100Mbps speed
Off when no link occur
Table1-1
1-4-2. User Interfaces on the Rear Panel
Fig. 1-3 Rear View of 24-PORT GBE WEB SMART PoE SWITCH
7
1-5. View of the Optional Modules
In the switch, P ort 21~24 include two t ypes of media --- T P and SF P Fiber
(LC, BiDi-SC…); they support 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber w ith
auto-detected function. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high-speed
connection expansion; nine optional SFP types provided for the switch are listed
below:
1000Mbps LC, MM, SFP Fiber transceiver
1000Mbps LC, SM 10km, SFP Fiber transceiver
(SFP.LC)
1000Mbps LC, SM 30km, SFP Fiber transceiver
(SFP.LC.S10)
1000Mbps LC, SM 50km, SFP Fiber transceiver
(SFP.LC.S30)
1000Mbps BiDi SC, SM 20km, 1310nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
(SFP.LC.S50)
1000Mbps BiDi SC, SM 20km, 1550nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
(SFP.BS3.S20)
PS: The other spec. is available upon request.
(SFP.BS5.S20)
Fig. 1-4 Front View of 1000Base-SX/LX LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver
Fig. 1-5 Front View of 1000Base-LX BiDi SC SFP Fiber Transceiver
8
2. Installation
This section will give users a quick start for:
2-1. Starting 24-Port GbE Web Smart PoE Switch Up
- Hardware and Cable Installation
- Management Station Installation
- Software booting and configuration
2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation
At the beginning, please do first:
⇒ Wear a grounding device to avoid the damage from electrostatic discharge
⇒ Be sure that power switch is OFF before you insert the power cord to power
source
• Installing Optional SFP Fiber Transceivers to the
Note: If you have no modules, please skip this section.
24-Port GbE Web Smart
Switch
• Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis:
The optional SFP modules are hot swappable, so you can plug or unplug it
before or after powering on.
1. Verify that the SFP module is the right model and conforms to the chassis
2. Slide the module along the slot. Also be sure that the module is properly
seated against the slot socket/connector
3. Install the media cable for network connection
4. Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each module to be installed into
slot(s)
5. Have the power ON after the above procedures are done
• TP Port and Cable Installation
Fig. 2-1 Installation of Optional SFP Fiber Transceiver
9
⇒ In the switch, TP port supports MDI/MDI-X auto-crossover, so both types of
cable, straight-thro ugh (Cable pin-outs for RJ-45 j ack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 1, 2, 3, 6 in
10/100M TP; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 in Gigabit TP) and
crossed-over (Cable pin-outs for RJ -45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 t o 3, 6, 1, 2) c an b e used.
It means you do not have to tell from them, just plug it.
⇒ Use Cat. 5 grade RJ-45 T P cable to connect to a TP port of the sw itch and the
other end is connect ed to a network-aware device suc h as a workstation or a
server.
⇒ Repeat the above steps, as needed , for each RJ-45 port to be connected t o a
Gigabit 10/100/1000 TP device.
Now, you can start having the switch in operation.
•
The switch supports 100-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz power supply. The power
supply will automatically convert the local AC power source to DC power. It does not
matter whether an y connection plugged into the sw itch or not when power on, eve n
modules as well. After the power is on, all LED indicators will light up and then all off
except the power LED still keeps on. This represents a reset of the system.
Power On
• Firm
After resetting, the bootlo ader will load the firmware into th e memory. It will
take about 30 seconds, after that, the switch will flash all the LED once and
automatically performs self-test and is in ready state.
ware Loading
10
2-1-2. Cabling Requirements
To help ensure a successful installation and keep the network performance good,
please take a care on the cabling requirement. Cables with worse specification will render the
LAN to work poorly.
2-1-2-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports
⇒ For Fast Ethernet TP network connection
The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of
100 meters.
⇒ Gigabit Ethernet TP network connection
The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of
100 meters. Cat. 5e is recommended.
2-1-2-2. Cabling Requirements for 1000SX/LX SFP Module
It is more complex and comprehensive contrast to TP cabling in the fiber
media. Basically, there are two categories of fiber, multi mode (MM) and single
mode (SM). The later is categorized into se vera l c las s es b y the dis tance it su pports.
They are SX, LX, LHX, XD , and ZX. From the viewpoint of connector t ype, there
mainly are LC and BIDI SC.
Gigabit Fiber with multi-mode LC SFP module
Gigabit Fiber with single-mode LC SFP module
Gigabit Fiber with BiDi SC 1310nm SFP module
Gigabit Fiber with BiDi SC 1550nm SFP module
The following table lists the types of fiber that we support and those els e not
listed here are available upon request.
IEEE 802.3z
Gigabit Ethernet
1000SX 850nm
Multi-mode Fiber Cable and Modal Bandwidth
Multi-mode 62.5/125µm Multi-mode 50/125µm
Modal
Bandwidth
Distance
Modal
Bandwidth
Distance
160MHz-Km 220m 400MHz-Km 500m
200MHz-Km 275m 500MHz-Km 550m
1000BaseLX/LHX/XD/ZX
Single-mode Fiber 9/125µm
Single-mode transceiver 1310nm 10, 30Km
Single-mode transceiver 1550nm 50Km
1000Base-LX
Single Fiber
(BIDI SC)
Single-Mode
*20Km
TX(Transmit) 1310nm
RX(Receive) 1550nm
Single-Mode
*20Km
TX(Transmit) 1550nm
RX(Receive) 1310nm
Table2-1
2-1-2-3. Switch Cascading in Topology
11
• Takes the Delay Time into Account
Theoretically, the switch partitions the collision d om ain for eac h port in switc h
cascading that you may up-link the switches unlimitedly. In practice, the network
extension (cascading levels & overall diameter) must follow the constraint of the
IEEE 802.3/802.3u/8 02.3z and other 802.1 ser ies protocol specifications, in which
the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802.3
series specification of Media Acc ess Control ( MAC) and PHY, and timer fr om some
OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802.1d, 802.1q, LACP and so on.
The fiber, TP cables and devices’ bit-time delay (round trip) are as follows:
1000Base-X TP, Fiber 100Base-TX TP 100Base-FX Fiber
Round trip Delay: 4096 Round trip Delay: 512
Cat. 5 TP Wire: 11.12/m Cat. 5 TP Wire: 1.12/m Fiber Cable: 1.0/m
Fiber Cable : 10.10/m TP to fiber Converter: 56
Bit Time unit : 1ns (1sec./1000 Mega bit)
Bit Time unit: 0.01µs (1sec./100 Mega bit)
Table 2-2
Sum up all elements’ bit-time delay and the overall bit-time delay of
wires/devices m ust be within Round Trip Delay (bit tim es) in a half-duplex netw ork
segment (collision domain). For full-duplex operation, th is will not be applied. You
may use the TP-Fiber m odule to extend the TP node distance ov er fiber optic and
provide the long haul connection .
• Typical Network Topology in Deployment
A hierarchical networ k with minim um levels of switch m ay reduce the timing
delay between server and client station. Basically, with this approach, it will
minimize the number of switches in any one path; will lower the possibility of
network loop and will improve network efficiency. If more than two switches are
connected in the sam e network , s elect one switc h as Lev el 1 s witch and c onnec t all
other switches to it at Le vel 2. Ser ver/Host is recomm ended to connect to the Level
1 switch. This is general if no VLAN or other special requirements are applied.
12
Case1: All switch ports are in the same local area network. Every port can access
each other (See Fig. 2-2) *The switch image is sample only
If VLAN is enabled and configured, each node in the network that can
communicate each other directly is bounded in the same VLAN area.
Here VLAN area is defined by what VLAN you are using. The switch
supports both port-based V LAN and tag-based VLAN. T hey are different in pr actic al
deployment, especially in physical location. The following diagram shows how it
works and what the difference they are.
Case2a: Port-based VL AN (See F ig.2-3). *The switch image is sample only
1. The same VLAN members could not be in different switches.
2. Every VLAN members could not access VLAN members each other.
3. The switch manager has to assign different names for each VLAN groups
at one switch.
Fig. 2-2 No VLAN Configuration Diagram
Fig. 2-3 Port-based VLAN Diagram
13
Case 2b: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-4). *The switch image is sample only
1. VLAN1 members could not access VLAN2, VLAN3 and VLAN4 members.
2. VLAN2 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could
access VLAN4 members.
3.
4. VLAN4 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could
access VLAN2 members.
VLAN3 members could not access VLAN1, VLAN2 and VLAN4.
Case3a: The same VLAN members can be at different switches with the same VID
(See Fig. 2-5).
Fig. 2-4 Port-based VLAN Diagram
Fig. 2-5 Attribute-based VLAN Diagram
14
2-1-3. Configuring the Management Agent of 24-Port GbE Web Smart
Switch
In the way of web, us er is a llow ed to s tartup the switch m anagement function.
Users can use an y one of them to m onitor and config ure the switch. You can touc h
them through the following procedures.
Section 2-1-3-1:
Configuring Management Agent of 24-Port GbE Web Smart Switch
through Ethernet Port
2-1-3-1. Configuring Management Agent of 24-Port GbE Web Smart PoE
Switch through Ethernet Port
There are two wa ys to configure an d monitor th e switch through the switch ’s
Ethernet port. The y are Web bro wser and SNMP manager. The user i nterface for
the last one is Managem ent software dependent and does not cover her e. We just
introduce the f irst type of manag ement int erface. W eb-based UI for t he s witch is a n
interface in a highly friendly way.
• Managing 24-Port GbE Web Smart PoE Switch through Ethernet Port
Before you communicate with the switch, you have to finish first the
configuration of the IP address or to know the IP address of the switch. Then,
follow the procedures listed below.
1. Set up a physical path between the configured the switch and a PC
by a qualified UTP Cat. 5 cable with RJ-45 connector.
Note: If PC directly connects to the switch, you have to setup the
same subnet mask between them. But, subnet mask may be
different for the PC in the r em ote site. Pleas e ref er to F ig. 2-6 abo ut
the 24-Port GbE Web Smart Switch default IP address information.
2. Run web browser and follow the menu. Please refer to Chapter 4.
24-PORT GBE WEB SMART PoE SWITCH
Default IP Setting:
IP = 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254
Assign a reasonable IP addres s,
For example:
IP = 192.168.1.100
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254
Fig. 2-6
Ethernet LAN
15
Fig. 2-7
the Login Screen for Web
2-1-4. IP Address A ssignment
For IP address configuratio n, there are three parameters needed to be filled
in. They are IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and DNS.
IP address:
The address of the network device in the net work is us ed for internetworking
communication. Its ad dress structure looks is shown in the Fig. 2-8. It is “classful”
because it is split into predefined address classes or categories.
Each class has its own network range between the network identifier and
host identifier in the 32 b its address. Each I P address compr ises two parts: network
identifier (address ) and host identifier (addres s). The former indicates t he network
where the addressed host resides, and the l atter indicates the i ndividual host in t he
network which the addres s of host refer s to. And the host identif ier must be unique
in the same LAN. Here the term of IP address we used is version 4, known as IPv4.
Network identifier Host identifier
Fig. 2-8 IP address structure
With the classful a ddres s in g, it div ides I P addres s into thr ee c l ass es , c lass A ,
class B and class C . The rest of IP addresses are for multicas t and broadcas t. The
bit length of the network prefix is the same as that of the subnet mask and is
denoted as IP address /X, for example, 192.168.1.0/ 10. Each class has its address
range described below.
Class A:
Address is less than 126.2 55.255.2 55. T here are a total of 12 6 net work s c an
be defined because the address 0.0.0.0 is reserved for default route and
127.0.0.0/8 is reserved for loopback function.
0
32 bits
Bit # 0 1 7 8 31
Network address Host address
16
Class B:
IP address range between 128.0.0.0 and 191.255.255.255. Each class B
network has a 16-b it network pref ix followed 16-bit ho st address. Ther e are 16,384
(2^14)/16 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 65534 (2^16 –2) hosts
per network.
10
Class C:
IP address range between 192.0.0.0 and 223.255.255.255. Each class C
network has a 24-bit network prefix followed 8-bit host address. There are
2,097,152 (2^21)/2 4 networks able to be defined wit h a maximum of 254 (2^ 8 –2)
hosts per network.
110
Class D and E:
Class D is a clas s with first 4 MSB (Most sign ificance bit) set to 1-1-1-0 and
is used for IP Multicast. See also RFC 1112. Class E is a class with firs t 4 MSB set
to 1-1-1-1 and is used for IP broadcast.
According to IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), there are three
specific IP address blocks reserved and able to be used for extending internal
network. We call it Private IP address and list below:
Class A
10.0.0.0 --- 10.255.255.255
Class B
172.16.0.0 --- 172.31.255.255
Class C
192.168.0.0 --- 192.168.255.255
Please refer to RFC 1597 and RFC 1466 for more information.
Subnet mask:
It means the sub-division of a class-based network or a CIDR block. The
subnet is used to determ ine ho w to split an I P address to the net work prefix and the
host address in bitwise basis. It is designed to utilize IP address more eff iciently and
ease to manage IP network.
For a class B network , 128.1.2.3, it m ay have a subn et mask 255.255. 0.0 in
default, in which the first two bytes is with all 1s. This means more than 60
thousands of nodes in f lat IP address will be at the sam e network. It’s too large to
manage practically. Now if we divide it into smaller n etwork by extending network
prefix from 16 bits to, sa y 24 bits, that’s using its third byte to subnet this class B
network. Now it has a subnet mask 255.255.255.0, in which each bit of the first
three bytes is 1. It ’s now clear that the f irst two bytes is used to ident ify the class B
network, the third byte is used to ide ntify the subnet within this class B network and,
Bit # 01 2 15 16 31
Network address Host address
Bit # 0 1 2 3 23 24 31
Network address Host address
17
of course, the last byte is the host number.
Not all IP address is available in the sub-netted network. Two special
addresses are reser ved. They are the ad dresses with all zero’s and all one’s host
number. For example, an IP address 128.1.2.12 8, what IP address res erved will be
looked like? All 0s mean the network itself, and all 1s mean IP broadcast.
In this diagram, you can see the subnet mask with 25-bit long,
255.255.255.128, co ntains 126 m embers in the s ub-netted n etwork. An other is tha t
the length of network prefix equals the number of the bit with 1s in that subnet m ask.
With this, you can easily count the number of IP addresses m atched. The follo wing
table shows the result.
Prefix Length
No. of IP matched
No. of Addressable IP
/32
1 -
/31
2 -
/30
4 2
/29
8 6
/28
16 14
/27
32 30
/26
64 62
/25
128 126
/24
256 254
/23
512 510
/22
1024 1022
/21
2048 2046
/20
4096 4094
/19
8192 8190
/18
16384 16382
/17
32768 32766
/16
65536 65534
Table 2-3
According to the scheme above, a s ubn et mask 255.255.255.0 will partitio n a
network with the class C. It means there will have a maximum of 254 effective
nodes existed in this s ub-n etted net work and is c onsider ed a ph ysical network in an
10000000.00000001.00000010.1 0000000
25 bits
1 0000000
1 1111111
All 0s = 128.1.2.128
All 1s= 128.1.2.255
Subnet
Network
18
autonomous network. So it owns a network IP address which may looks like
168.1.2.0.
With the subnet mask, a bigger network can be cut into small pieces of
network. If we want to ha ve more than two independent network s in a worknet, a
partition to the network must be performed. In this case, subnet mask must be
applied.
For different network applications, the subnet mask may look like
255.255.255.240. T his means it is a sm all network accommodating a m aximum of
15 nodes in the network.
Default gateway:
For the routed packet, if the destination is not in the routing table, all the
traffic is put into the device with th e desi gnated I P address , known as def ault rou ter.
Basically, it is a routing policy.
For assigning an I P addr ess to th e switch, you jus t h a ve to c h eck what the IP
address of the network will be connected with the switch. Use the same network
address and append your host address to it.
Fig. 2-8
First, IP Address: as sho wn in the Fig. 2-9, enter “ 192.168.1. 1”, for instance.
For sure, an IP address such as 192.168.1.x must be set on your PC.
Second, Subnet Mask : as shown in the Fig. 2-9, ent er “255.255.25 5.0”. Any
subnet mask such as 255.255.255.x is allowable in this case.
19
2-2. Typical Applications
The 24-Port GbE Web Smart Switch implements 10 Gigabit Ethernet TP
ports with auto MDIX and four slots for the removable module supporting
comprehensive fiber t ypes of connection, including LC and BiDi -LC SFP modules.
For more details on the specification of the switch, please refer to Appendix A.
The switch is suitable for the following applications.*The switch image is
sample only
Central Site/Remote site application is used in carrier or ISP (See Fig. 2-10)
Peer-to-peer application is used in two remote offices (See Fig. 2-11)
Office network(See Fig. 2-12)
Fig. 2-10 is a system wide basic reference connec tio n dia gram. This diagram
demonstrates how the switch connects with other network devices and hosts.
Fig. 2-10 Network Connection between Remote Site and Central Site
Central Site
GEP-2450
GEP-2450
GEP-2450
GEP-2450
20
Fig. 2-12 Office Network Connection
Fig. 2-11 Peer-to-peer Network Connection
21
3. Basic Concept and
Management
This chapter will tell you the basic concept of features to manage this switch
and how they work.
3-1. What’s the Ethernet
Ethernet originated an d was implemented at Xerox in Palo Alto, CA in 1973
and was success f ully c om mercialized by Dig ital Equ i pment Corporation (D E C), I ntel
and Xerox (DIX) in 1980. I n 1992, Grand Junction Networks unveiled a new high
speed Ethernet with the sam e char acteristic of the original Eth ernet bu t operat ed at
100Mbps, called Fast Ethernet now. This means Fast Ethernet inherits the same
frame format, CSMA/CD, software interface. In 1998, Gigabit Ethernet was rolled
out and provided 1000Mbps. Now 10G/s Ethernet is under approving. Although
these Ethernet have differ ent s peed, t hey still use the same bas ic f unc tions. So th e y
are compatible in software and can connect each other almost without limitation.
The transmission media may be the only problem.
Fig. 3-1 IEEE 802.3 reference model vs. OSI reference mode
In Fig. 3-1, we can see that Ethernet locates at the Data Link layer and
Physical layer and comprises three portions, including logical link control (LLC),
media access contr ol (MAC), and physical la yer. The first two com prises Data link
layer, which performs splitting data into frame for transmitting, receiving
acknowledge fram e, error check ing and re-transm itting when not received correc tly
as well as provides an error-free channel upward to network layer.
22
This above diagram shows the Ethernet architecture, LLC sub-layer and
MAC sub-layer, which are respond ed t o th e D ata L ink la yer, and transceivers , whic h
are responded to the Physical layer in OSI model. In this s ection, we are mainly
describing the MAC sub-layer.
3-2. Logical Link Control (LLC)
Data link layer is com posed of both the sub-layers of MAC and MAC-client.
Here MAC client may be logical link control or bridge relay entity.
Logical link control supports the interface between the Ethernet MAC and
upper layers in the pro tocol s tack, usuall y Networ k la yer, which is nothing to do w ith
the nature of the LA N. So it can operate over other different LAN technolog y such
as Token Ring, FDDI and so on. Lik ewise, for the inter face to the MAC la yer, LLC
defines the services with the interface independent of the medium access
technology and with some of the nature of the medium itself.
The table 3-1 is the format of LLC PDU. It
Coaxial/STP/UTP
IEEE 802.2 LLC
IEEE802.3 CSMA/CD MAC
IEEE 802.3 PLS
ANSI X3T9.5 PMD
CS
IEEE 802.3
MAU
Physical
Layer
Data
Link
Layer
MII
Fiber
Table 3-1 LLC Format
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