LevelOne FGP-2472 User Manual

FGP-2472

24 FE PoE + 2 GE Combo SFP L2 Managed Switch

User Manual

V1.0 – 101014

C

AUTION

E

LECTRONIC EMISSION NOTICES

............................................................................................................................................

Table of Contents

.......................................................................................................

IV
IV

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 2

1-1. O

VERVIEW OF

1-2. C

HECKLIST

1-3. F

EATURES

1-4. V

IEW OF

1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs) ........................................... 7

1-4-2. User Interfaces on the Rear Panel ....................................................................................... 9

1-5. V

IEW OF THE OPTIONAL MODULES

2. INSTALLATION ........................................................................................................................ 10

2-1. S

TARTING

2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation ...................................................................................... 10

2-1-2. Installing Chassis to a 19-Inch Wiring Closet Rail ............................................................ 12

2-1-3. Cabling Requirements ........................................................................................................ 12

2-1-3-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports ........................................................................................... 12

2-1-3-2. Cabling Requirements for 1000SX/LX SFP Module................................................................. 12

2-1-3-3. Switch Cascading in Topology .................................................................................................. 13

2-1-4. Configuring the Management Agent of FGP-2472 ............................................................ 16

2-1-4-1. Configuring the Management Agent of FGP-2472 through the Serial RS-232 Port .................. 16

2-1-4-2. Configuring the Management Agent of FGP-2472 through the Ethernet Port ........................... 18

2-1-5. IP Address Assignment ....................................................................................................... 19

2-2. T

YPICAL APPLICATIONS

3. OPERATION OF WEB-BASED MANAGEMENT ............................................................... 26

3-1. W

EB MANAGEMENT HOME OVERVIEW

3-1-1. System Information ............................................................................................................ 31

3-1-2. IP Configuration ................................................................................................................ 33

3-1-3. Time Configuration ............................................................................................................ 36

3-1-4. Account Configuration ....................................................................................................... 39

3-1-5. Management Security ........................................................................................................ 40

3-1-6. Virtual Stack ....................................................................................................................... 43

3-1-7. Login Protect ..................................................................................................................... 45

3-2. P

ORT CONFIGURATION

3-2-1.Port Status .......................................................................................................................... 47

3-2-2. Port Configuration ............................................................................................................. 51

3-2-3. Port Description ................................................................................................................ 53

3-2-4. Simple Counter .................................................................................................................. 54

3-2-4. Detail Counter ................................................................................................................... 55

3-3. POE............................................................................................................................................. 58

3-4. L

OOP DETECTION

3-5. SNMP C
3-6. DHCP B
3-7. IGMP S

3-8. VLAN ........................................................................................................................................ 75

3-8-1. VLAN Mode ....................................................................................................................... 75

3-8-2. Tag-based Group ................................................................................................................ 78

3-8-3. PVID .................................................................................................................................. 80

3-8-4. Port-based Group .............................................................................................................. 82

FGP-2472 .............................................................................................................. 2

................................................................................................................................... 5

..................................................................................................................................... 5

FGP-2472....................................................................................................................... 7

............................................................................................... 9

FGP-2472 UP ............................................................................................................. 10

.............................................................................................................. 24

....................................................................................... 28

................................................................................................................ 46

........................................................................................................................ 62

ONFIGURATION
OOT

............................................................................................................................... 65

NOOPING

.............................................................................................................. 63

........................................................................................................................ 66

3-8-5. Management VLAN ............................................................................................................ 84

3-9. MAC T
3-10. GVRP C
3-11. STP C

3-11-1. STP Status ........................................................................................................................ 97

3-10-2. STP Configuration ........................................................................................................... 99

3-10-3. STP Port Configuration ................................................................................................. 101

3-12. MSTP C

3-12-1 Status .............................................................................................................................. 104

3-12-2 Region Config ................................................................................................................. 105

3-12-3 Instance View .................................................................................................................. 106

3-13. T
3-14. 802.1X C
3-15. A
3-16. C

3-14-1. Save/Restore ................................................................................................................... 134

3-14-2. Config File ..................................................................................................................... 137

3-17. S
3-18. B
3-19. QOS (Q
3-20. D
3-21. TFTP S

3-22. LOG ........................................................................................................................................ 157

3-23. F
3-24. R
3-25. L

ABLE

............................................................................................................................... 85

ONFIGURATION

ONFIGURATION

ONFIGURATION

RUNKING CONFIGURATION

ONFIGURATION
LARM CONFIGURATION
ONFIGURATION

ECURITY

ANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT

IAGNOSTICS

IRMWARE UPGRADE

EBOOT

OGOUT

............................................................................................................................... 138

UALITY OF SERVICE) CONFIGURATION

.......................................................................................................................... 153

ERVER

......................................................................................................................... 156

.................................................................................................................................. 159

.................................................................................................................................. 160

............................................................................................................ 91

................................................................................................................ 97

.......................................................................................................... 104

................................................................................................... 114

......................................................................................................... 120

......................................................................................................... 131

..................................................................................................................... 133

................................................................................................... 140

........................................................................ 143

.............................................................................................................. 158

4. OPERATION OF CLI MANAGEMENT ............................................................................... 161

4-1. CLI M

4-1-1. Login ................................................................................................................................ 161

4-2. C

4-2-1. Global Commands of CLI ................................................................................................ 164

4-2-2. Local Commands of CLI .................................................................................................. 170

5. MAINTENANCE .......................................................................................................................... 256

5-1. R

5-2. Q&A ......................................................................................................................................... 256

APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................... 257

APPENDIX B NULL MODEM CABLE SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................... 260

ANAGEMENT

OMMANDS OF

ESOLVING NO LINK CONDITION

................................................................................................................... 161

CLI .................................................................................................................. 163

............................................................................................. 256

Caution

Circuit devices are sensitive to static electricity, which can damage their delicate
electronics. Dry weather conditions or walking across a carpeted floor may cause you to
acquire a static electrical charge.

To protect your device, always:

• Touch the metal chassis of your computer to ground the static electrical charge before

you pick up the circuit device.

• Pick up the device by holding it on the left and right edges only.

• The switch supports the SFP Vendor includes: LevelOne, Agilent, Avago and Finisa

• If you need using outdoor device connect to this device with cable then you need to

addition an arrester on the cable between outdoor device and this device.

Fig. Addition an arrester between outdoor device and this switch

Electronic Emission Notices

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class A
computing device pursuant to Subpart J of part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to
provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial
environment.

European Community (CE) Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the protection requirements
of European Emission Standard EN55022/EN61000-3 and the Generic European Immunity
Standard EN55024.
EMC:

EN55022(2006)/CISPR-22( 2006) class A
IEC61000-4-2 (2001) 4K V CD, 8KV, AD
IEC61000-4-3 (2002) 3V/m Level 2
IEC61000-4-4 (2004) 1KV – (power line), 0.5KV – (signal line)
IEC61000-4-5 (2001) Line to Line: 1KV, Line to Earth: 2KV
IEC61000-4-6 (2003) 130dBuV(3V) Level 2
IEC61000-4-8 (2001) 1A/m

Voltage dips:

IEC61000-4-11 (2001)

>95%, 0.5period, 30%, 25periods
Voltage interruptions:
>95%, 250periods

Warrning:

• Self-demolition on Product is strictly prohibited. Damage caused by self-demolition will be

charged for repairing fees.

• Do not place product at outdoor or sandstorm.

• Before installation, please make sure input power supply and product specifications are

compatible to each other.

• Before importing / exporting configuration please make sure the firmware version is

always the same.

•

After firmware upgrade, the switch will remove the configuration automatically to latest
firmware version.

v

About this user’s manual

In this user’s manual, it will not only tell you how to install and connect your
network system but configure and monitor the FGP-2472 through the built-in CLI
and web by RS-232 serial interface and Ethernet ports step-by-step. Many
explanation in detail of hardware and software functions are shown as well as the
examples of the operation for web-based interface and command-line interface
(CLI).

Overview of this user’s manual

 Chapter 1 “Introduction” describes the features of FGP-2472
 Chapter 2 “Installation”
 Chapter 3 “Operation of Web-based Management”
 Chapter 4 “Operation of CLI Management”
 Chapter 5 “Maintenance”

1

1. Introduction

1-1. Overview of FGP-2472

FGP-2472, a 24 Fast Ethernet + 2 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch, implemented
24 10/100Mbps TP + 2 Gigabit dual media ports with TP/SFP, is a standard switch
that meets all IEEE 802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, Fast Ethernet and Ethernet specifications.
The switch can be managed through RS-232 serial port via directly connection, or
through Ethernet port using Telnet or Web-based management unit, associated with
SNMP agent. With the SNMP agent, the network administrator can logon the switch
to monitor, configure and control each port’s activity in a friendly way. The overall
network management is enhanced and the network efficiency is also improved to
accommodate high bandwidth applications. In addition, the switch features
comprehensive and useful function such as QoS (Quality of Service), Spanning
Tree, VLAN, Port Trunking, Bandwidth Control, Port Security, SNMP/RMON and
IGMP Snooping capability via the intelligent software. It is suitable for both metro­LAN and office application.

This PSE switch also complies with IEEE 802.3af, its advanced auto-sensing
algorithm enables providing power devices (PD) discovery, classification, current
limit, and other necessary functions. It also supports high safety with short circuit
protection and power-out auto-detection to PD.

10/100/1000Mbps TP is a standard Ethernet port that meets all IEEE

802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, Fast Ethernet specifications. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver
is a Gigabit Ethernet port that fully complies with all IEEE 802.3z and 1000Base­SX/LX standards.

1000Mbps Single Fiber WDM (BiDi) transceiver is designed with an optic
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology that transports bi-directional
full duplex signal over a single fiber simultaneously.

For upgrading firmware, please refer to the Section 3-21 or Section 4-2-2 for
more details. The switch will not stop operating while upgrading firmware and after
that, the configuration keeps unchanged.

2

••••

Key Features in the Device

QoS:

Support Quality of Service by the IEEE 802.1P standard. There are two
priority queue and packet transmission schedule using Weighted Round
Robin (WRR). User-defined weight classification of packet priority can be
based on either VLAN tag on packets or user-defined port priority.

Spanning Tree:

Support IEEE 802.1D, IEEE 802.1w (RSTP: Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol) standards.

VLAN:

Support Port-based VLAN and IEEE802.1Q Tag VLAN. Support 256 active
VLANs and VLAN ID 1~4094.

Port Trunking:

Support static port trunking and port trunking with IEEE 802.3ad LACP.

Bandwidth Control:

Support ingress and egress per port bandwidth control.

Port Security:

Support allowed, denied forwarding and port security with MAC address.

SNMP/RMON:

SNMP agent and RMON MIB. In the device, SNMP agent is a client
software which is operating over SNMP protocol used to receive the
command from SNMP manager (server site) and echo the corresponded
data, i.e. MIB object. Besides, SNMP agent will actively issue TRAP
information when happened.

RMON is the abbreviation of Remote Network Monitoring and is a branch of
the SNMP MIB.

The device supports MIB-2 (RFC 1213), Bridge MIB (RFC 1493), RMON
MIB (RFC 1757)-statistics Group 1,2,3,9, Ethernet-like MIB (RFC 1643),
Ethernet MIB (RFC 1643) and so on.

IGMP Snooping:

Support IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236): The function IGMP snooping is used
to establish the multicast groups to forward the multicast packet to the
member ports, and, in nature, avoid wasting the bandwidth while IP
multicast packets are running over the network.

IGMP Proxy:

The implementation of IP multicast processing. The switch supports IGMP
version 1 and IGMP version 2, efficient use of network bandwidth, and fast
response time for channel changing. IGMP version 1 (IGMPv1) is
described in RFC1112 ,and IGMP version 2 (IGMPv2) is described in RFC

2236. Hosts interact with the system through the exchange of IGMP
messages. Similarly, when you configure IGMP proxy, the system interacts
with the router on its upstream interface through the exchange of IGMP
messages. However, when acting as the proxy, the system performs the
host portion of the IGMP task on the upstream interface as follows:

3

PoE:

• When queried, sends group membership reports to the group.

• When one of its hosts joins a multicast address group to which

none of its other hosts belong, sends unsolicited group
membership reports to that group.

• When the last of its hosts in a particular multicast group leaves
the group, sends an unsolicited leave group membership report
to the all-routers group (244.0.0.2).

24-PoE ports allow power to be supplied to end devices, such as Wireless
Access Points or VoIP Phones, directly through the existing LAN cables,
eliminating costs for additional AC wiring and reducing Installation Cost.

4

1-2. Checklist

Before you start installing the switch, verify that the package contains the

following:



A set of FGP-2472



Modules (optional)



Mounting Accessory (for 19” Rack Shelf)



This User's Manual in CD-ROM



AC Power Cord



RS-232 Cable

Please notify your sales representative immediately if any of the aforementioned
items is missing or damaged.

1-3. Features

The FGP-2472, a standalone off-the-shelf switch, provides the
comprehensive features listed below for users to perform system network
administration and efficiently and securely serve your network.

••••

Hardware

• Supports 24-port 10/100M TP ports with Nway and auto MDIX function

• In FGP-2472, it supports 2 Gigabit dual media ports(TP/SFP) and 2 slots for

removable SFP module supporting 1000M SFP fiber module with 380W Power
Supply

• Supports 256KB packet buffer and 128KB control memory

• Maximal packet length can be up to 1536 bytes

• Supports 8K MAC table

• Supports Switch capacity up to 8.8Gbps

• Supports throughput up to 6.547Mpps

• Full-duplex flow control (IEEE802.3x) and half-duplex backpressure

• Extensive front-panel diagnostic LEDs; System: Power, CPURUN, ACT / FDX /

SPD(LEDSET), 10/100Mbps TP Port1-24:LINK/ACT, FDX, SPD,
10/100/1000Mbps/Fiber port 25,26: LINK/ACT, FDX, SPD

24 port IEEE802.3af PoE PSE.
FGP-2472 supports up to 24-port 15.4W
Endpoint with 48VDC power through RJ-45 pin 1, 2, 3, 6.
Powered Device(PD) auto detection and classification.
PoE-PSE status and activity LED indicator.

5

••••

Management

• Supports concisely the status of port and easily port configuration

• Supports per port traffic monitoring counters

• Supports a snapshot of the system Information when you login

• Supports port mirror function

• Supports the static trunk function

• Supports 802.1Q VLAN with 256 entries.

• Supports user management and limits three users to login

• Supports DHCP Broadcasting Suppression to avoid network suspended or
crashed

• Supports to send the trap event while monitored events happened

• Supports default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current

configuration which is working on via web browser and CLI

• Supports on-line plug/unplug SFP modules

• Supports 5 kinds of QoS, are as follows, MAC Priority, 802.1p Priority, IP TOS

Priority, and DiffServ DSCP Priority.

• Built-in web-based management and CLI management, providing a more

convenient UI for the user

• Supports port mirror function with ingress/egress traffic

• Supports rapid spanning tree (802.1w RSTP)

• Supports 802.1x port security on a VLAN

• Supports user management and only first login administrator can configure the

device. The rest of users can only view the switch

• SNMP access can be disabled and prevent from illegal SNMP access

• Supports Ingress, Non-unicast and Egress Bandwidth rating management

• The trap event and alarm message can be transferred via e-mail and mobile

phone short message

• Supports diagnostics to let administrator knowing the hardware status

• Supports external loopback test to check if the link is ok

• TFTP for firmware upgrade, system log upload and config file import/export

• Supports remote boot the device through user interface and SNMP

• Supports network time synchronization and daylight saving

• Supports 120 event log records in the main memory and display on the local

console

6

Power Indication LED

Fast Ethernet Port

LED SET Mode: ACT/FDX/SPD

mode

Fiber Port Status Indication LED

s

RESET B

utton

:

1-4. View of FGP-2472

Fig. 1-1 Full View of the FGP-2472

1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs)

There are 24 TP Fast Ethernet ports and 2 slots for optional removable
modules on the front panel of the switch. LED display area, locating on the front
panel, contains a CPURUN, Power LED and 26 ports working status of the switch.

LEDSET Button
LEDSET button is
used to change
the LED display

PoE Port Status
Indication LEDs

TP Port Status
Indication LEDs

Gigabit Dual Media
Port(25~26): SFP/TP

RESET button is used to
reset the management
system.

Fig. 1-2 Front View of the FGP-2472

7

••••

LED Indicators

LED Color Function

System LED

CPURUN Green Lit when CPU is on and good
POWER Green Lit when AC power is on and good
ACT Green Lit when LEDSET set on active mode
FDX Green Lit when LEDSET set on full-duplex mode
SPD Green Lit when LEDSET set on speed mode

10/100Mbps Ethernet TP Port 1 to 24 LED

LINK Green

Amber

ACT/FDX/ SPD

PoE-PSE ACT Green

LINK Green
FX Green

ACT/FDX/ SPD

(TP Port 1
to 24 LED)

10/100/1000Mbps Gigabit TP/Fiber Port 25, 26 LED

Green

(Port 25,

26 LED)

Lit when connection with remote device is good
Off when cable connection is not good
a. LEDSET set on ACT (active) mode:

Blinks when any traffic is present
b. LEDSET set on FDX (full-duplex) mode:
Lit when full-duplex mode is active
Blinks when any collision is present

c. LEDSET set on SPD (speed) mode:

Lit when 100Mbps speed is active

Off when 10Mbps speed is active
Lit when PoE Power is active
Off when PoE function is Off

Lit when connection with remote device is good
Off when cable connection is not good
Lit when Fiber port is active
Off when TP port is active

a. LEDSET set on ACT (active) mode:

Blinks when any traffic is present

b. LEDSET set on FDX (full-duplex) mode:

Lit when full-duplex mode is active

Blinks when any collision is present

c. LEDSET set on SPD (speed) mode:

Lit when 1000Mbps speed is active

Off when 10/100Mbps speed is active

Table1-1

8

User Interfaces on the Rear P

9 interface is offered for configuration or management. And

for having the switch powered on or off.

nal Modules

includes two types of media

(LC, BiDi LC…); this port supports 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber

detected function. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber

the following are

transceiver

1000Mbps LC, SM 10km, SFP Fiber

1000Mbps LC, SM 30km, SFP Fiber

1000Mbps LC, SM 50km, SFP Fiber

C, type 1, SM 20km, SFP Fiber

C, type 2, SM 20km, SFP Fiber

1000Mbps LC, SM 10km, SFP Fiber

3 Rear View of the

RS-232 DB

-

9 Connector

Base

1000Base

AC Line 100

-

240V 50/60 Hz

1-4-2.

One RS-232 DB-

there is one AC power input socket

Fig. 1-

1-5. View of the Optio

anel

FGP-2472

In the switch, Port 25, 26

with auto­speed connection expansion;
switch:



1000Mbps LC, MM, SFP Fiber









1000Mbps BiDi L



1000Mbps BiDi L



--- TP and SFP Fiber

transceiver is used for high-

optional SFP types provided for the

transceiver
transceiver
transceiver

WDM transceiver

WDM transceiver

transceiver with DDM

Fig. 1-4 Front View of 1000

-SX/LX LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver

Fig. 1-5 Front View of

-LX BiDi LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver

9

4. Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each module to be installed into

Fig. 2

-1

Installation of

O

ptional

SFP Fiber

T

ransceiver

2. Installation

2-1. Starting FGP-2472 Up

This section will give users a quick start for:

-

Hardware and Cable Installation

- Management Station Installation

- Software booting and configuration

2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation

At the beginning, please do first:
⇒ Wear a grounding device to avoid the damage from electrostatic discharge

••••

Installing Optional SFP Fiber Transceivers to the FGP-2472 Switch

Note: If you have no modules, please skip this section.

•

• Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis:

••

The optional SFP modules are hot swappable, so you can plug or unplug it
before or after powering on.

1. Verify that the SFP module is the right model and conforms to the
chassis

2. Slide the module along the slot. Also be sure that the module is properly
seated against the slot socket/connector

3. Install the media cable for network connection

slot(s)

5. Have the power ON after the above procedures are done

10

•

TP Port and Cable Installation

⇒ In the switch, TP port supports MDI/MDI-X auto-crossover, so both types of

cable, straight-through (Cable pin-outs for RJ-45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 1, 2, 3, 6 in
10/100M TP; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 in Gigabit TP) and
crossed-over (Cable pin-outs for RJ-45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 3, 6, 1, 2) can be used.
It means you do not have to tell from them, just plug it.

⇒ Use Cat. 5 grade RJ-45 TP cable to connect to a TP port of the switch and the

other end is connected to a network-aware device such as a workstation or a
server.

⇒ Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each RJ-45 port to be connected to a

Gigabit 10/100/1000 TP device.

Now, you can start having the switch in operation.

••••

Power On

The switch supports 100-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz power supply. The power
supply will automatically convert the local AC power source to DC power. It does not
matter whether any connection plugged into the switch or not when power on, even
modules as well. After the power is on, all LED indicators will light up immediately
and then all off except the power LED still keeps on. This represents a reset of the
system.

••••

Firmware Loading

After resetting, the bootloader will load the firmware into the memory. It will
take about 30 seconds, after that, the switch will flash all the LED once and
automatically performs self-test and is in ready state.

11

2-1-2. Installing Chassis to a 19-Inch Wiring Closet Rail

Fig. 2-2

Caution: Allow a proper spacing and proper air ventilation for the cooling fan

at both sides of the chassis.

⇒

Wear a grounding device for electrostatic discharge.

⇒

Screw the mounting accessory to the front side of the switch (See Fig. 2-2).

⇒

Place the Chassis into the 19-inch wiring closet rail and locate it at the proper
position. Then, fix the Chassis by screwing it.

2-1-3. Cabling Requirements

To help ensure a successful installation and keep the network performance
good, please take a care on the cabling requirement. Cables with worse
specification will render the LAN to work poorly.

2-1-3-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports

⇒ For Fast Ethernet TP network connection

 The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of

100 meters.

⇒ Gigabit Ethernet TP network connection

 The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of

100 meters. Cat. 5e is recommended.

2-1-3-2. Cabling Requirements for 1000SX/LX SFP Module

It is more complex and comprehensive contrast to TP cabling in the fiber
media. Basically, there are two categories of fiber, multi mode (MM) and single
mode (SM). The later is categorized into several classes by the distance it supports.
They are SX, LX, LHX, XD, and ZX. From the viewpoint of connector type, there
mainly are LC and BiDi-SC.



Gigabit Fiber with multi-mode LC SFP module



Gigabit Fiber with single-mode LC SFP module



Gigabit Fiber with BiDi-SC 1310nm SFP module

12



Gigabit Fiber with BiDi-SC 1550nm SFP module

The following table lists the types of fiber that we support and those else not
listed here are available upon request.

Multi-mode Fiber Cable and Modal Bandwidth

IEEE 802.3z
Gigabit Ethernet
1000SX 850nm

1000Base­LX/LHX/XD/ZX

Multi-mode 62.5/125µm Multi-mode 50/125µm

Modal

Bandwidth

160MHz-Km 220m 400MHz-Km 500m
200MHz-Km 275m 500MHz-Km 550m

SFP.0LC.212.10/30/50/70/B0 Km
Single-mode Fiber 9/125µm
Single-mode transceiver 1310nm 10Km
Single-mode transceiver 1550nm 30, 50, 70, 110Km

Distance

Modal
Bandwidth

Distance

1000Base-LX
Single Fiber
WDM Module

Table2-1

SFP.0BL.621.202

SFP.0BL.621.201

Single-Mode

Single-Mode

*20Km

*20Km

TX(Transmit) 1310nm
RX(Receive) 1550nm

TX(Transmit) 1550nm
RX(Receive) 1310nm

2-1-3-3. Switch Cascading in Topology

••••

Takes the Delay Time into Account

Theoretically, the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch
cascading that you may up-link the switches unlimitedly. In practice, the network
extension (cascading levels & overall diameter) must follow the constraint of the
IEEE 802.3/802.3u/802.3z and other 802.1 series protocol specifications, in which
the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802.3
series specification of Media Access Control (MAC) and PHY, and timer from some
OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802.1d, 802.1q, LACP and so on.

The fiber, TP cables and devices’ bit-time delay (round trip) are as follows:

1000Base-X TP, Fiber 100Base-TX TP 100Base-FX Fiber

Round trip Delay: 4096 Round trip Delay: 512
Cat. 5 TP Wire: 11.12/m Cat. 5 TP Wire: 1.12/m Fiber Cable: 1.0/m
Fiber Cable : 10.10/m TP to fiber Converter: 56
Bit Time unit : 1ns (1sec./1000 Mega bit)

Bit Time unit: 0.01µs (1sec./100 Mega bit)

Table 2-2

Sum up all elements’ bit-time delay and the overall bit-time delay of
wires/devices must be within Round Trip Delay (bit times) in a half-duplex network
segment (collision domain). For full-duplex operation, this will not be applied. You
may use the TP-Fiber module to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic and
provide the long haul connection.

13

Typical Network Topology in Deployment

A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switch may reduce the timing

delay between server and client station. Basically, with this approach, it will

ches in any one path; will lower the possibility of

network loop and will improve network efficiency. If more than two switches are

, select one switch as Level 1 switch and connect all

ost is recommended to connect to the Level

. This is general if no VLAN or other

Case1: All switch ports are in the same local area network. Every port can access

is enabled and configured

is bounded

Here VLAN area is defined by what VLAN you are using. The switch

based VLAN and tag

deployment, especially in physical location. The following diagram shows how it

4).

Fig. 2

-3

No VLAN Configuration Diagram

4 Port

ost is recommended to connect to the Level

••••

minimize the number of swit
connected in the same network

other switches to it at Level 2. Server/H
1 switch

each other (See Fig. 2-3).

special requirements are applied.

If VLAN

communicate each other directly
supports both port­works and what the difference they are.

Case2a: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-

, each node in the network that can

in the same VLAN area.

-based VLAN. They are different in practical

Fig. 2-

-based VLAN Diagram

14

1. The same VLAN members could not be in different switches.

2. Every VLAN members could not access VLAN members each other.

3. The switch manager has to assign different names for each VLAN groups

5).

1. VLAN1 members could not access VLAN2, VLAN3 and VLA

2. VLAN2 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could

VLAN3 members could not access VLAN1, VLAN2 and VLAN4.

4. VLAN4 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could

Case3a: The same VLAN members can be at different switches with the same VID

based VLAN Diagram

based VLAN Diagram

at one switch.

Case 2b: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-

access VLAN4 members.

3.

access VLAN2 members.

(See Fig. 2-6).

Fig. 2-5 Port-

N4 members.

Fig. 2-6 Attribute-

15

Configuring the Management Agent of

three ways to startup the

sers can use any one

ou can touch them through the following procedures.

the Management Agent of

the Management Agent of

lease first modify the IP address, Subnet mask

and then

the Management Agent

To perform the configuration through RS

port must be directly connected to a DCE device, for example, a PC, through

. Next, run a termina

setting of the switch’s serial port. With this, you can communicate with the switch.

232 interface only supports baud rate 57.6k bps with 8 data

bits, 1 stop bit, no parity check and no flow control.

, please

9 cable with female DB

Normally, it just uses pins 2, 3 and 7. See also Appendix B for more

details on Null Modem Cable Specifications.

9 female cable connector to the male serial RS

9 connector on the switch.

Attaches the other end of the serial RS

port, running a terminal emulator supporting VT100/ANSI terminal with

rt default settings. For example,

Windows98/2000/XP HyperTerminal utility.

Note: The switch’s serial port default settings are listed as follows:

Terminal or Terminal Emulator

232 cable with female

9 connector at both ends

RS-232 DB

-

9 Connector

AC Line 100

-

240V 50/60 Hz

2-1-4.

FGP-2472

We offer you
are RS-232 console, CLI, and Web. U
configure the switch. Y

Section 2-1-4-1: Configuring

Serial RS-232 Port

Section 2-1-4-2: Configuring

Ethernet Port

Note: P

DNS through RS-232 console,

2-1-4-1. Configuring

RS-232 Port

RS-232 cable with DB-9 connector

In the switch, RS-

switch management function. They

of them to monitor and

FGP-2472 through the

FGP-2472 through the

, Default gateway and

do the next.

of FGP-2472 through the Serial

-232 console port, the switch’s serial
l emulator with the default

RS-232

RS­DB-

To configure the switch

1.

Find the RS-232 DB-

FGP-2472
Default IP Setting:
IP address = 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254

Fig. 2-7

follow the procedures below:

-9 connector bundled.

2.

Attaches the DB­DB-

3.

-232 DB-9 cable to PC’s serial

-232

The switch’s serial po

16

IP Address

192.168.1.1

10.1.1.1

Subnet

Default Gateway

Baud rate 57600
Stop bits 1
Data bits 8
Parity N
Flow control none

4.

When you complete the connection, then press <Enter> key. The login
prompt will be shown on the screen. The default username and
password are shown as below:

Username = admin Password = admin

••••

Set IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway IP Address

Please refer to Fig. 2-7 CLI Management for details about LevelOne’s setting.
They are default setting of IP address. You can first either configure your PC IP
address or change IP address of the switch, next to change the IP address of
default gateway and subnet mask.

For example, your network address is 10.1.1.0, and subnet mask is

255.255.255.0. You can change the switch’s default IP address 192.168.1.1 to

10.1.1.1 and set the subnet mask to be 255.255.255.0. Then, choose your default
gateway, may be it is 10.1.1.254.

Default Value FGP-2472 Your Network Setting

255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0

192.168.1.254 10.1.1.254

Table 2-3

After completing these settings in the switch, it will reboot to have the
configuration taken effect. After this step, you can operate the management through
the network, no matter it is from a web browser or Network Management System
(NMS).

Fig. 2-8 the Login Screen for CLI

17

Fig. 2

-9

2-1-4-2. Configuring the Management Agent of FGP-2472 through the Ethernet

Port

There are three ways to configure and monitor the switch through the
switch’s Ethernet port. They are CLI, Web browser and SNMP manager. The user
interface for the last one is NMS dependent and does not cover here. We just
introduce the first two types of management interface.

FGP-2472
Default IP Setting:
IP = 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254

Ethernet LAN

Assign a reasonable IP address,
For example:
IP = 192.168.1.100
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254

••••

Managing FGP-2472 through Ethernet Port

Before you communicate with the switch, you have to finish first the
configuration of the IP address or to know the IP address of the switch. Then,
follow the procedures listed below.

1. Set up a physical path between the configured the switch and a PC by a
qualified UTP Cat. 5 cable with RJ-45 connector.

Note: If PC directly connects to the switch, you have to setup the same
subnet mask between them. But, subnet mask may be different for the PC
in the remote site. Please refer to Fig. 2-9 about the switch’s default IP
address information.

2. Run CLI or web browser and follow the menu. Please refer to Chapter 3
and Chapter 4.

18

Fig. 2-10 the Login Screen for Web

2-1-5. IP Address Assignment

For IP address configuration, there are three parameters needed to be filled

in. They are IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and DNS.

IP address:

The address of the network device in the network is used for internetworking
communication. Its address structure looks is shown in the Fig. 2-11. It is “classful”
because it is split into predefined address classes or categories.

Each class has its own network range between the network identifier and
host identifier in the 32 bits address. Each IP address comprises two parts: network
identifier (address) and host identifier (address). The former indicates the network
where the addressed host resides, and the latter indicates the individual host in the
network which the address of host refers to. And the host identifier must be unique
in the same LAN. Here the term of IP address we used is version 4, known as IPv4.

Network identifier Host identifier

Fig. 2-11 IP address structure

32 bits

19

With the classful addressing, it divides IP address into three classes, class A,
class B and class C. The rest of IP addresses are for multicast and broadcast. The
bit length of the network prefix is the same as that of the subnet mask and is
denoted as IP address/X, for example, 192.168.1.0/24. Each class has its address
range described below.

Class A:

Address is less than 126.255.255.255. There are a total of 126 networks can
be defined because the address 0.0.0.0 is reserved for default route and

127.0.0.0/8 is reserved for loopback function.

Bit # 0 1 7 8 31

0

Network address Host address

Class B:

IP address range between 128.0.0.0 and 191.255.255.255. Each class B
network has a 16-bit network prefix followed 16-bit host address. There are 16,384
(2^14)/16 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 65534 (2^16 –2) hosts
per network.

Bit # 01 2 15 16 31

10

Network address Host address

Class C:

IP address range between 192.0.0.0 and 223.255.255.255. Each class C
network has a 24-bit network prefix followed 8-bit host address. There are
2,097,152 (2^21)/24 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 254 (2^8 –2)
hosts per network.

Bit # 0 1 2 3 23 24 31

110

Network address Host address

20

Subnet

Network

Class D and E:

Class D is a class with first 4 MSB (Most significance bit) set to 1-1-1-0 and
is used for IP Multicast. See also RFC 1112. Class E is a class with first 4 MSB set
to 1-1-1-1 and is used for IP broadcast.

According to IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), there are three
specific IP address blocks reserved and able to be used for extending internal
network. We call it Private IP address and list below:

Class A 10.0.0.0 --- 10.255.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0 --- 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.168.0.0 --- 192.168.255.255

Please refer to RFC 1597 and RFC 1466 for more information.

Subnet mask:

It means the sub-division of a class-based network or a CIDR block. The
subnet is used to determine how to split an IP address to the network prefix and the
host address in bitwise basis. It is designed to utilize IP address more efficiently and
ease to manage IP network.

For a class B network, 128.1.2.3, it may have a subnet mask 255.255.0.0 in
default, in which the first two bytes is with all 1s. This means more than 60
thousands of nodes in flat IP address will be at the same network. It’s too large to
manage practically. Now if we divide it into smaller network by extending network
prefix from 16 bits to, say 24 bits, that’s using its third byte to subnet this class B
network. Now it has a subnet mask 255.255.255.0, in which each bit of the first
three bytes is 1. It’s now clear that the first two bytes is used to identify the class B
network, the third byte is used to identify the subnet within this class B network and,
of course, the last byte is the host number.

Not all IP address is available in the sub-netted network. Two special
addresses are reserved. They are the addresses with all zero’s and all one’s host
number. For example, an IP address 128.1.2.128, what IP address reserved will be
looked like? All 0s mean the network itself, and all 1s mean IP broadcast.

10000000.00000001.00000010.1 0000000

25 bits

All 0s = 128.1.2.128

All 1s= 128.1.2.255

1 0000000
1 1111111

21

Prefix Length

No. of IP matched

No. of Addressable IP

/32

1 -

/31

2 -

/30 4 2

/29 8 6

/28

16

14

/27

32

30

/26

64

62

/25

128

126

/24

256

254

/23

512

510

/22

1024

1022

/21

2048

2046

/20

4096

4094

/19

8192

8190

/18

16384

16382

7

32768

32766

/16

65536

65534

In this diagram, you can see the subnet mask with 25-bit long,

255.255.255.128, contains 126 members in the sub-netted network. Another is that
the length of network prefix equals the number of the bit with 1s in that subnet mask.
With this, you can easily count the number of IP addresses matched. The following
table shows the result.

/1

Table 2-4

According to the scheme above, a subnet mask 255.255.255.0 will partition a
network with the class C. It means there will have a maximum of 254 effective
nodes existed in this sub-netted network and is considered a physical network in an
autonomous network. So it owns a network IP address which may looks like

168.1.2.0.

With the subnet mask, a bigger network can be cut into small pieces of
network. If we want to have more than two independent networks in a worknet, a
partition to the network must be performed. In this case, subnet mask must be
applied.

22

For different network applications, the subnet mask may look like

255.255.255.240. This means it is a small network accommodating a maximum of
15 nodes in the network.

Default gateway:

For the routed packet, if the destination is not in the routing table, all the
traffic is put into the device with the designated IP address, known as default router.
Basically, it is a routing policy. The gateway setting is used for Trap Events Host
only in the switch.

For assigning an IP address to the switch, you just have to check what the IP
address of the network will be connected with the switch. Use the same network
address and append your host address to it.

Fig. 2-12

First, IP Address: as shown in the Fig. 2-12, enter “192.168.1.1”, for instance.
For sure, an IP address such as 192.168.1.x must be set on your PC.

Second, Subnet Mask: as shown in the Fig. 2-12, enter “255.255.255.0”. Any
subnet mask such as 255.255.255.x is allowable in this case.

DNS:

The Domain Name Server translates human readable machine name to IP
address. Every machine on the Internet has a unique IP address. A server generally
has a static IP address. To connect to a server, the client needs to know the IP of
the server. However, user generally uses the name to connect to the server. Thus,
the switch DNS client program (such as a browser) will ask the DNS to resolve the
IP address of the named server.

23

Fast Ethernet TP ports with auto MDIX and 2

removable

, including LC, BiDi LC for SFP. For more details on the

se refer to Appendix A.

The switch is suitable for the following applications.

used in carrier or ISP

used in carrier or ISP

Chain Fiber Network Connection (See

13 is a system wide basic reference connection diagram. This diagram

demonstrates how the switch connects with other network devices and hosts.

FTTB/FTTO

2-2. Typical Applications

The FGP-2472 implements 24
Gigabit dual media ports with SFP for
fiber types of connection
specification of the switch, plea



FTTB/FTTO application is



FTTH application is



Daisy-

module supported comprehensive

(See Fig. 2-13)

(See Fig. 2-14)

Fig. 2-15)

Fig. 2-13 Network

Connection of

Fig. 2-

Fig. 2-14 Network

Connection of
FTTH

24

Chain Fiber Network Connection

16 Uninterrupted Power Supply for IP Phone Application

Fig. 2-15 Daisy-

Fig. 2-

25

3. Operation of

Web-based Management

This chapter instructs you how to configure and manage the FGP-2472
through the web user interface it supports, to access and manage the 24
10/100Mbps TP + 2 Gigabit dual media ports with TP/SFP Fiber management
Ethernet switch. With this facility, you can easily access and monitor through any
one port of the switch all the status of the switch, including MIBs status, each port
activity, Spanning tree status, port aggregation status, multicast traffic, VLAN and
priority status, even illegal access record and so on.

The default values of the managed switch are listed in the table below:

IP Address
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
Username
Password

After the managed switch has been finished configuration in the CLI via the
switch’s serial interface, you can browse it. For instance, type http://192.168.1.1 in
the address row in a browser, it will show the following screen (see Fig.3-1) and ask
you inputting username and password in order to login and access authentication.
The default username and password are both “admin”. For the first time to use,
please enter the default username and password, then click the <Login> button.
The login process now is completed.

192.168.1.1

255.255.255.0

192.168.1.254
admin
admin

Table 3-1

Just click the link of “Forget Password” in WebUI (See Fig. 3-1) or input
“Ctrl+Z” in CLI’s login screen (See Fig. 4-1~4-2) in case the user forgets the
manager’s password. Then, the system will display a serial No. for the user. Write
down this serial No. and contact your vendor, the vendor will give you a temporary
password. Use this new password as ID and Password, and it will allow the user to
login the system with manager authority temporarily. Due to the limit of this new
password, the user only can login the system one time, therefore, please modify
your password immediately after you login in the system successfully.

In this login menu, you have to input the complete username and password
respectively, the switch will not give you a shortcut to username automatically. This
looks inconvenient, but safer.

26

In the switch, it supports a simple user management function a llowing only
one administrator to configure the system at the same time. If there are two or more
users using administrator’s identity, the switch will allow the only one who logins first
to configure the system. The rest of users, even with administrator’s identity, can
only monitor the system. For those who have no administrator’s identity, can only
monitor the system. There are only a maximum of three users able to login
simultaneously in the switch.

To optimize the display effect, we recommend you use Microsoft IE 6.0
above, Netscape V7.1 above or FireFox V1.00 above and have the resolution
1024x768. The switch supported neutral web browser interface.

In Fig. 3-2, for example, left section is the whole function tree with web user
interface and we will travel it through this chapter.

Fig. 3-1

27

3-1. Web Management Home Overview

After you login, the switch shows you the system information as Fig. 3-2. This
page is default and tells you the basic information of the system, including “Model
Name”, “System Description”, “Location”, “Contact”, “Device Name”, “System Up
Time”, “Current Time”, “BIOS Version”, “Firmware Version”, “Hardware-Mechanical
Version”, “Serial Number”, “Host IP Address”, “Host MAC Address”, “Device Port”,
“RAM Size” and “Flash Size”. With this information, you will know the software
version used, MAC address, serial number, how many ports good and so on. This is
helpful while malfunctioning.

Fig. 3-2

••••

The Information of Page Layout



On the top side, it shows the front panel of the switch. In the front panel, the

linked ports will display green; as to the ports, which are link off, they will be
dark. For the optional modules, the slot will show only a cover plate if no
module exists and will show a module if a module is present. The image of
module depends on the one you inserted. The same, if disconnected, the port
will show just dark, if linked, green.

In this device, there are clicking functions on the panel provided for the
information of the ports. These are very convenient functions for browsing the
information of a single port. When clicking the port on the front panel, an
information window for the port will be pop out. (See Fig. 3-3)

28

Fig. 3-3 port detail information

In Fig. 3-3, it shows the basic information of the clicked port. With this, you’ll
see the information about the port status, traffic status and bandwidth rating for
egress and ingress respectively.



On the left-top corner, there is a pull-down list for Auto Logout. For the sake of

security, we provide auto-logout function to protect you from illegal user as you
are leaving. If you do not choose any selection in Auto Logout list, it means
you turn on the Auto Logout function and the system will be logged out
automatically when no action on the device 3 minutes later. If OFF is chosen,
the screen will keep as it is. Default is ON.



On the left side, the main menu tree for web is listed in the page. They are

hierarchical menu. Open the function folder, a sub-menu will be shown. The
functions of each folder are described in its corresponded section respectively.
When clicking it, the function is performed. The following list is the full function
tree for web user interface.

29

Port

DHCP Boot

System

PoE

SNMP

IGMP Snooping

VLAN

Root

MAC Table

GVRP

STP

MSTP

Trunk

802.1x

Alarm

Configu

ration

Security

Bandwidth

QoS

Diagnostics

TFTP Server

Log

Firmware Upgrade

Reboot

Logout

Loop Detection

30

3-1-1. System Information

Function name:

System Information

Function description:

Show the basic system information.

Parameter description:

Model name:

The model name of this device.

System description:

As it is, this tells what this device is. Here, it is “24-Port 10/100BaseT/TX
Managed PoE Switch”.

Location:

Basically, it is the location where this switch is put. User-defined.

Contact:

For easily managing and maintaining device, you may write down the
contact person and phone here for getting help soon. You can configure
this parameter through the device’s user interface or SNMP.

Fig. 3-3-1 system information

31

Device name:

The name of the switch. User-defined. Default is FGP-2472.

System up time:

The time accumulated since this switch is powered up. Its format is day,
hour, minute, second.

Current time:

Show the system time of the switch. Its format: day of week, month, day,
hours : minutes : seconds, year. For instance, Tue Apr 20 23:25:58 2005

BIOS version:

The version of the BIOS in this switch.

Firmware version:

The firmware version in this switch.

Hardware-Mechanical version:

The version of Hardware and Mechanical. The figure before the hyphen
is the version of electronic hardware; the one after the hyphen is the
version of mechanical.

Serial number:

The number is assigned by the manufacturer.

Host IP address:

The IP address of the switch.

Host MAC address:

It is the Ethernet MAC address of the management agent in this switch.

Device Port:

Show all types and numbers of the port in the switch.

RAM size:

The size of the DRAM in this switch.

Flash size:

The size of the flash memory in this switch.

32

3-1-2. IP Configuration

IP configuration is one of the most important configurations in the switch.
Without the proper setting, network manager will not be able to manage or view the
device. The switch supports both manual IP address setting and automatic IP
address setting via DHCP server. When IP address is changed, you must reboot the
switch to have the setting taken effect and use the new IP to browse for web
management and CLI management.

Function name:

IP Configuration

Function description:

Set IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and DNS for the switch.

Parameter description:

DHCP Setting:

DHCP is the abbreviation of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Here
DHCP means a switch to turn ON or OFF the function.

The switch supports DHCP client used to get an IP address automatically
if you set this function “Enable”. When enabled, the switch will issue the
request to the DHCP server resided in the network to get an IP address.
If DHCP server is down or does not exist, the switch will issue the
request and show IP address is under requesting, until the DHCP server
is up. Before getting an IP address from DHCP server, the device will not
continue booting procedures. If set this field “Disable”, you’ll have to
input IP address manually. For more details about IP address and DHCP,
please see the Section 2-1-5 “IP Address Assignment” in this manual.

Default: Disable

Fig. 3-4 IP Address Configuration

33

Network ID

Host ID

Network ID

Host ID

IP address:

Subnet mask:

Users can configure the IP settings and fill in new values if users set the
DHCP function “Disable”. Then, click <Apply> button to update.

When DHCP is disabled, Default: 192.168.1.1
If DHCP is enabled, this field is filled by DHCP server and will not allow

user manually set it any more.

Subnet mask is made for the purpose to get more network address
because any IP device in a network must own its IP address, composed
of Network address and Host address, otherwise can’t communicate with
other devices each other. But unfortunately, the network classes A, B,
and C are all too large to fit for almost all networks, hence, subnet mask
is introduced to solve this problem. Subnet mask uses some bits from
host address and makes an IP address looked Network address, Subnet
mask number and host address. It is shown in the following figure. This
reduces the total IP number of a network able to support, by the amount
of 2 power of the bit number of subnet number (2^(bit number of subnet
number)).

32
bits

Subnet mask is used to set the subnet mask value, which should be the
same value as that of the other devices resided in the same network it
attaches.

For more information, please also see the Section 2-1-5 “IP Address
Assignment” in this manual.

Default: 255.255.255.0

Default gateway:

Set an IP address for a gateway to handle those packets that do not
meet the routing rules predefined in the device. If a packet does not meet
the criteria for other pre-defined path, it must be forwarded to a default
router on a default path. This means any packet with undefined IP
address in the routing table will be sent to this device unconditionally.

Default: 192.168.1.254

Subnet number

34

DNS:

It is Domain Name Server used to serve the translation between IP
address and name address.

The switch supports DNS client function to re-route the mnemonic name
address to DNS server to get its associated IP address for accessing
Internet. User can specify a DNS IP address for the switch. With this, the
switch can translate a mnemonic name address into an IP address.

There are two ways to specify the IP address of DNS. One is fixed mode,
which manually specifies its IP address, the other is dynamic mode,
which is assigned by DHCP server while DHCP is enabled. DNS can
help you easily remember the mnemonic address name with the
meaningful words in it. Default is no assignment of DNS address.

Default: 0.0.0.0

35

3-1-3. Time Configuration

The switch provides manual and automatic ways to set the system time via
NTP. Manual setting is simple and you just input “Year”, “Month”, “Day”, “Hour”,
“Minute” and “Second” within the valid value range indicated in each item. If you
input an invalid value, for example, 61 in minute, the switch will clamp the figure to

59.

NTP is a well-known protocol used to synchronize the clock of the switch
system time over a network. NTP, an internet draft standard formalized in RFC 1305,
has been adopted on the system is version 3 protocol. The switch provides four
built-in NTP server IP addresses resided in the Internet and an user-defined NTP
server IP address. The time zone is Greenwich-centered which uses the expression
form of GMT+/- xx hours.

Function name:

Time

Function description:

Set the system time by manual input or set it by syncing from Time servers.
The function also supports daylight saving for different area’s time adjustment.

Fig. 3-5

Parameter description:

Current Time:
Show the current time of the system.

Manual:

This is the function to adjust the time manually. Filling the valid figures in

36

the fields of Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute and Second respectively and
press <Apply> button, time is adjusted. The valid figures for the
parameter Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute and Second are >=2000, 1-12,
1-31, 0-23, 0-59 and 0-59 respectively. Input the wrong figure and press
<Apply> button, the device will reject the time adjustment request. There
is no time zone setting in Manual mode.

Default: Year = 2000, Month = 1, Day = 1

NTP:

NTP is Network Time Protocol and is used to sync the network time
based Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). If use the NTP mode and select a
built-in NTP time server or manually specify an user-defined NTP server
as well as Time Zone, the switch will sync the time in a short after
pressing <Apply> button. Though it synchronizes the time automatically,
NTP does not update the time periodically without user’s processing.

Time Zone is an offset time off GMT. You have to select the time zone
first and then perform time sync via NTP because the switch will combine
this time zone offset and updated NTP time to come out the local time,
otherwise, you will not able to get the correct time. The switch supports
configurable time zone from –12 to +13 step 1 hour.

Hour = 0, Minute = 0, Second = 0

Default Time zone: +8 Hrs.

Daylight Saving:

Daylight saving is adopted in some countries. If set, it will adjust the time
lag or in advance in unit of hours, according to the starting date and the
ending date. For example, if you set the day light saving to be 1 hour.
When the time passes over the starting time, the system time will be
increased one hour after one minute at the time since it passed over. And
when the time passes over the ending time, the system time will be
decreased one hour after one minute at the time since it passed over.

The switch supports valid configurable day light saving time is –5 ~ +5
step one hour. The zero for this parameter means it need not have to
adjust current time, equivalent to in-act daylight saving. You don’t have to
set the starting/ending date as well. If you set daylight saving to be non­zero, you have to set the starting/ending date as well; otherwise, the
daylight saving function will not be activated.

Default for Daylight Saving: 0.
The following parameters are configurable for the function Daylight

Saving and described in detail.

Day Light Saving Start :
This is used to set when to start performing the day light saving time.

Mth:

Range is 1 ~ 12.
Default: 1

Day:

Range is 1 ~ 31.

37

Default: 1

Hour:

Range is 0 ~ 23.

Default: 0
Day Light Saving End :
This is used to set when to stop performing the daylight saving time.

Mth:

Range is 1 ~ 12.

Default: 1

Day:

Range is 1 ~ 31.

Default: 1

Hour:

Range is 0 ~ 23.

Default: 0

38

3-1-4. Account Configuration

In this function, only administrator can create, modify or delete the username
and password. Administrator can modify other guest identities’ password without
confirming the password but it is necessary to modify the administrator-equivalent
identity. Guest-equivalent identity can modify his password only. Please note that
you must confirm administrator/guest identity in the field of Authorization in advance
before configuring the username and password. Only one administrator is allowed
to exist and unable to be deleted. In addition, up to 4 guest accounts can be created.

The default setting for user account is:

Username : admin

Password : admin

The default setting for guest user account is:

Username : guest
Password : guest

Fig. 3-6

39

Deny

3-1-5. Management Security

Through the management security configuration, the manager can do the
strict setup to control the switch and limit the user to access this switch.

The following rules are offered for the manager to manage the switch:

Rule 1) : When no lists exists, then it will accept all connections.

Accept

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 2) : When only “accept lists” exist, then it will deny all connections,
excluding the connection inside of the accepting range.

Accept Deny Accept Deny Accept

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 3) : When only “deny lists” exist, then it will accept all connections,
excluding the connection inside of the denying range.

Deny Accept Deny Accept Deny

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 4) : When both “accept and deny” lists exist, then it will deny all
connections, excluding the connection inside of the accepting range.

Accept Deny Deny Deny Accept

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 5) : When both “accept and deny” lists exist, then it will deny all
connections, excluding the connection inside of the accepting range and NOT
inside of the denying range at the same time.

Accept

Accept

Deny| Acc | Deny | Acc | Deny

----------------------------------------------------------------------

40

Function name:

Management Security Configuration

Function description:

The switch offers Management Security Configuration function. With this
function, the manager can easily control the mode that the user connects to
the switch. According to the mode, users can be classified into two types:
Those who are able to connect to the switch (Accept) and those who are
unable to connect to the switch (Deny). Some restrictions also can be placed
on the mode that the user connect to the switch, for example, we can decide
that which VLAN VID is able to be accepted or denied by the switch, the IP
range of the user could be accepted or denied by the switch, the port that the
user is allowed or not allowed to connect with the switch, or the way of
controlling and connecting to the switch via Http, Telnet or SNMP.

Parameter description:

Name:

A name is composed of any letter (A-Z, a-z) and digit (0-9) with maximal
8 characters.

VID:

The switch supports two kinds of options for managed valid VLAN VID,
including “Any” and “Custom”. Default is “Any”. When you choose
“Custom”, you can fill in VID number. The valid VID range is 1~4094.

Fig. 3-7

41

IP Range:

Incoming Port:

Access Type:

The switch supports two kinds of options for managed valid IP Range,
including “Any” and “Custom”. Default is “Any”. In case that” Custom”
had been chosen, you can assigned effective IP range. The valid range
is 0.0.0.0~255.255.255.255.

The switch supports two kinds of options for managed valid Port Range,
including “Any” and “Custom”. Default is “Any”. You can select the ports
that you would like them to be worked and restricted in the management
security configuration if ”Custom” had been chosen.

The switch

including “Any” and “Custom”. Default is “Any”. “Http”, “Telnet” and
“SNMP” are three ways for the access and managing the switch in case
that” Custom” had been chosen.

Action:

The switch

including “Deny” and “Accept”. Default is “Deny”. When you choose
“Deny” action, you will be restricted and refused to manage the switch
due to the “Access Type” you choose. However, while you select “Accept”
action, you will have the authority to manage t

Edit/Create:

A new entry of Management Security Configuration can be created after
the parameters as mentioned above had been setup and then press
<Edit/Create> button. Of course, the existed entry also can be modified
by pressing this button.

Delete:

Remove the existed entry of Management Security Configuration from
the management security table.

supports two kinds of options

supports two kinds of options

for managed valid Access Type

for managed valid Action Type

he switch

.

,

,

42

3-1-6. Virtual Stack

Virtual Stack Management(VSM) is the group management function.
Through the proper configuration of this function, switches in the same LAN will be
grouped automatically. And among these switch, one switch will be a master
machine, and the others in this group will become the slave devices.

Function name:

Virtual Stack

Function description:

VSM offers a simple centralized management function. It is not necessary to
remember the address of all devices, manager is capable of managing the
network with knowing the address of the Master machine. Instead of SNMP or
Telnet UI, VSM is only available in Web UI. While one switch become the
Master, two rows of buttons for group device will appear on the top of its Web
UI. By pressing these buttons, user will be allowed to connect the Web UI of
the devices of the group in the same window without the login of these device.

The most top-left button is only for Master device(See Fig.3-9). The
background color of the button you press will be changed to represent that the
device is under your management.

Note: It will remove the grouping temporarily in case that you login the switch

via the console.

The device of the group will be shown as station address ( the last number of
IP Address) + device name on the button (e.g. 196_FGP-2472), otherwise it
will show ” ---- “ if no corresponding device exists.

Once the devices join the group successfully, then they are merely able to be
managed via Master device, and user will fail to manage them via
telnet/console/web individually.

Up to 16 devices can be grouped for VSM, however, only one Master is
allowed to exist in each group. For Master redundancy, user may configure
more than two devices as Master device, however, the Master device with the
smaller MAC value will be the Master one. All of these 16 devices can
become Master device and back up with each other .

43

Parameter description:

State:

It is used for the activation or de-activation of VSM. Default is Enable.

Role:

The role that the switch would like to play in virtual stack. Two types of
roles, including master and slave are offered for option. Default is Master.

Group ID:

It is the group identifier (GID) which signs for VSM. Valid letters are A-Z,
a-z, 0-9, “ - “ and “_” characters. The maximal length is 15 characters.

Fig. 3-8

Fig. 3-9

44

3-1-7. Login Protect

Function name:

Login Protect

Function description:

The Login Protect function using for check the Login error times and Lock-

minutes. It could protect the login who want to access the switch.

Parameter description:

Login-errors:

It is used for check Login-error times. If you want to refresh it then type
zero for disable.

Lock-Minutes:

It is using for check the login failure and be switch locked time. Zero is
for disable it.

45

Status

Configuration

Simple

Co

unter

Detail Counte

r

Port

Configuration

3-2. Port Configuration

Four functions, including Port Status, Port Configuration, Simple Counter and
Detail Counter are contained in this function folder for port monitor and
management. Each of them will be described in detail orderly in the following
sections.

46

3-2-1.Port Status

The function Port Status gathers the information of all ports’ current status
and reports it by the order of port number, media, link status, port state, Auto­Negotiation status, speed/duplex, Rx Pause and Tx Pause. An extra media type
information for the module ports 25 and 26 is also offered (See Fig. 3-11).

Function name:

Port Status

Function Description:

Report the latest updated status of all ports in this switch. When any one of
the ports in the switch changes its parameter displayed in the page, it will be
automatically refreshed the port current status about every 5 seconds.

Parameter Description:

Port No:

Display the port number. The number is 1 – 26. Both port 25 and 26 are
optional modules.

Media:

Show the media type adopted in all ports. The Port 25 and Port 26 are
optional modules, which support either fiber or UTP media with either
Gigabit Ethernet (1000Mbps) or 10/100Mbps Fast Ethernet port. They
may have different media types and speed. Especially, fiber port has
comprehensive types of connector, distance, fiber mode and so on. The

Fig. 3-10

47

switch describes the module ports with the following page.

Link:

Show that if the link on the port is active or not. If the link is connected to
a working-well device, the Link will show the link “Up”; otherwise, it will
show “Down”. This is determined by the hardware on both devices of the
connection.

No default value.

State:

Show that the communication function of the port is “Enabled” or
“Disabled”. When it is enabled, traffic can be transmitted and received via
this port. When it is disabled, no traffic can be transferred through this
port. Port State is configured by user.

Default: Enabled.

Auto Nego.:

Show the exchange mode of Ethernet MAC. There are two modes
supported in the switch. They are auto-negotiation mode “Enabled” and
forced mode “Disabled”. When in “Enabled” mode, this function will
automatically negotiate by hardware itself and exchange each other the
capability of speed and duplex mode with other site which is linked, and
comes out the best communication way. When in “Disabled” mode, both
parties must have the same setting of speed and duplex, otherwise, both
of them will not be linked. In this case, the link result is “Down”.

Default: Enabled

Speed / Duplex :

Display the speed and duplex of all port. There are three speeds 10Mbps,
100Mbps and 1000Mbps supported for TP media, and the duplex
supported is half duplex and full duplex. If the media is 1Gbps fiber, it is
1000Mbps supported only. The status of speed/duplex mode is
determined by 1) the negotiation of both local port and link partner in
“Auto Speed” mode or 2) user setting in “Force” mode. The local port has
to be preset its capability.

In port 1 – 24, they are supported Fast Ethernet with TP media only, so
the result will show 100M/Full or 100M/Half, 10M/Full and 10M/Half
duplex.

In port 25 and port 26, if the media is 1000Mbps with TP media, it will
show the combinations of 10/100M and Full/Half duplex, 1000Mbps and
Full duplex only. If the media is 1000Mbps with fiber media, it will show
only 1000M/Full duplex.

Default: None, depends on the result of the negotiation.

Rx Pause:

The way that the port adopts to process the PAUSE frame. If it shows
“on”, the port will care the PAUSE frame; otherwise, the port will ignore
the PAUSE frame.

Default: None

48

Tx Pause:

Port Description:

It decides that whether the port transmits the PAUSE frame or not. If it
shows “on”, the port will send PAUSE frame; otherwise, the port will not
send the PAUSE frame.

Default: None

To display the port description what you set on the port.

Fig. 3-11

Parameter description of Port 25 and Port 26:

Connector Type:

Display the connector type, for instance, UTP, SC, ST, LC and so
on.

Fiber Type:

Display the fiber mode, for instance, Multi-Mode, Single-Mode.

Tx Central Wavelength:

Display the fiber optical transmitting central wavelength, for
instance, 850nm, 1310nm, 1550nm and so on.

Baud Rate:

Display the maximum baud rate of the fiber module supported, for
instance, 10M, 100M, 1G and so on.

Vendor OUI:

Display the Manufacturer's OUI code which is assigned by IEEE.

Vendor Name:

Display the company name of the module manufacturer.

Vendor P/N:

49

Display the product name of the naming by module manufacturer.

Vendor Rev (Revision):

Display the module revision.

Vendor SN (Serial Number):

Show the serial number assigned by the manufacturer.

Date Code:

Show the date this module was made.

Temperature:

Show the current temperature of module.
Vcc:
Show the working DC voltage of module.
Mon1(Bias) mA:
Show the Bias current of module.
Mon2(TX PWR):
Show the transmit power of module.
Mon3(RX PWR):
Show the receiver power of module.

50

3-2-2. Port Configuration

Port Configuration is applied to change the setting of each port. In this
configuration function, you can set/reset the following functions. All of them are
described in detail below.

Function name:

Port Configuration

Function description:

It is used to set each port’s operation mode. The switch supports 3 parameters
for each port. They are State, Speed/Duplex and Flow Control.

Parameter description:

State:

Set the communication capability of the port is Enabled or Disabled.
When enabled, traffic can be transmitted and received via this port.
When disabled, the port is blocked and no traffic can be transferred
through this port. Port State is configurable by the user. There are only
two states “Enable” and “Disable” able to choose. If you set a port’s state
“Disable”, then that port is prohibited to pass any traffic, even it looks
Link up.

Default: Enable.

Fig. 3-12

51

Speed/Duplex:

Flow Control:

Set the speed and duplex of the port. In speed, 10/100Mbps baud rate is
available for Fast Ethernet, Gigabit module in port 25, 26. If the media is
1Gbps fiber, it is always 1000Mbps and the duplex is full only. If the
media is TP, the Speed/Duplex is comprised of the combination of speed
mode, 10/100/1000Mbps, and duplex mode, full duplex and half duplex.
The following table summarized the function the media supports.

Media type NWay Speed Duplex

100M TP ON/OFF 10/100M Full/Half
1000M TP ON/OFF 10/100/1000M Full for all, Half for 10/100
1000M Fiber ON/OFF 1000M Full

In Auto-negotiation mode, no default value. In Forced mode, default
value depends on your setting.

There are two modes to choose in flow control, including Symmetric and
Asymmetric. If flow control is set Symmetric, both parties can send
PAUSE frame to the transmitting device(s) if the receiving port is too
busy to handle. When it is set Asymmetric, this will let the receiving port
care the PAUSE frame from transmitting device(s), but it doesn’t send
PAUSE frame. This is one-way flow control.

Default: Symmetric.

52

3-2-3. Port Description

Function name:

Port Description

Function description:

Port Description that you could define the port description as a Alias name.

Parameter description:

Port Index:

To show the Port index which you want to set the Port description.

Description:

To set its port description, max 47 characters.

53

3-2-4. Simple Counter

The function of Simple Counter collects any information and provides the
counting about the traffic of the port, no matter the packet is good or bad.

In the Fig. 3-10, the window can show all ports’ counter information at the
same time. Each data field has 20-digit long. If the counting is overflow, the counter
will be reset and restart counting. The data is updated every time interval defined by
the user. The valid range is 3 to 10 seconds. The Refresh Interval is used to set the
update frequency. Default update time is 3 seconds.

Function name:

Simple Counter

Function description:

Display the summary counting of each port’s traffic, including Tx Byte, Rx Byte,
Tx Packet, Rx Packet, Tx Collision and Rx Error Packet.

Parameters description:

Tx Byte:

Total transmitted bytes.

Rx Byte:

Total received bytes.

Tx Packet:

The counting number of the packet transmitted.

Rx Packet:

The counting number of the packet received.

Tx Collision:

Number of collisions transmitting frames experienced.

Rx Error Packet:

Number of bad packets received.

Fig. 3-13

54

3-2-4. Detail Counter

The function of Detail Counter collects any information and provides the
counting about the traffic of the port, no matter the packet is good or bad.

In the Fig. 3-14, the window can show only one port counter information at
the same time. To see another port’s counter, you have to pull down the list of
Select, then you will see the figures displayed about the port you had chosen.

Each data field has 20-digit long. If the counting is overflow, the counter will
be reset and restart counting. The data is updated every time interval defined by the
user. The valid range is 3 to 10 seconds. The Refresh Interval is used to set the
update frequency. Default update time is 3 seconds.

Function name:

Detail Counter

Function description:

Display the detailed counting number of each port’s traffic. In the Fig. 3-14, the
window can show all counter information of each port at one time.

Parameter description:

Rx Packets:

The counting number of the packet received.

Rx Octets:

Total received bytes.

Fig. 3-14

55

Rx Errors:

Number of bad packets received.

Rx Unicast Packets:

Show the counting number of the received unicast packet.

Rx Broadcast Packets:

Show the counting number of the received broadcast packet.

Rx Multicast Packets:

Show the counting number of the received multicast packet.

Rx Pause Packets:

Show the counting number of the received pause packet.

Tx Collisions:

Number of collisions transmitting frames experienced.

Tx Single Collision:

Number of frames transmitted that experienced exactly one collision.

Tx Multiple Collision:

Number of frames transmitted that experienced more than one collision.

Tx Drop Packets:

Number of frames dropped due to excessive collision, late collision, or
frame aging.

Tx Deferred Transmit:

Number of frames delayed to transmission due to the medium is busy.

Tx Late Collision:

Number of times that a collision is detected later than 512 bit-times into
the transmission of a frame.

Tx Excessive Collision:

Number of frames that are not transmitted because the frame
experienced 16 transmission attempts.

Packets 64 Octets:

Number of 64-byte frames in good and bad packets received.

Packets 65-127 Octets:

Number of 65 ~ 127-byte frames in good and bad packets received.

Packets 128-255 Octets:

Number of 128 ~ 255-byte frames in good and bad packets received.

Packets 256-511 Octets:

Number of 256 ~ 511-byte frames in good and bad packets received.

Packets 512-1023 Octets:

Number of 512 ~ 1023-byte frames in good and bad packets received.

56

Packets 1024- 1522 Octets:

Number of 1024-1522-byte frames in good and bad packets received.

Tx Packets:

The counting number of the packet transmitted.

TX Octets:

Total transmitted bytes.

Tx Unicast Packets:

Show the counting number of the transmitted unicast packet.

Tx Broadcast Packets:

Show the counting number of the transmitted broadcast packet.

Tx Multicast Packets:

Show the counting number of the transmitted multicast packet.

Tx Pause Packets:

Show the counting number of the transmitted pause packet.

Rx FCS Errors:

Number of bad FSC packets received.

Rx Alignment Errors:

Number of Alignment errors packets received.

Rx Fragments:

Number of short frames (< 64 bytes) with invalid CRC.

Rx Jabbers:

Number of long frames(according tomax_length register) with invalid
CRC.

Rx Drop Packets:

Frames dropped due to the lack of receiving buffer.

Rx Undersize Packets:

Number of short frames (<64 Bytes) with valid CRC.

Rx Oversize Packets:

Number of long frames(according to max_length register) with valid CRC.

57

3-3. PoE

Power Over Ethernet (PoE) technology allows IP telephones, wireless LAN
access points, and other powered devices (PDs) to receive power and transfer data
over existing LAN cabling.

Function name:

PoE Status

Function description:

Display the information about the PoE status.

Parameter description:

Vmain:

The volt is supplied by the PoE.

Imain:

The sum of the current that every port supplies.

Pconsume:

The sum of the power that every port supplies.

Power Limit:

The maximal power that the switch can supply (Read Only).

Temperature:

The temperature of the chip on PoE.

Port No:

Port number.

Port On:

Show whether the port is supplying the power to the PD or not.

Fig. 3-15

AC Disconnect Port Off:

58

Port is turned off due to the AC Disconnect function.

DC Disconnect Port Off:

Port is turned off due to the DC Disconnect function.

Overload Port Off:

The switch will stop supplying the power to the port due to the power
required by the PD that is linked to the port on the switch excesses the
Class setting of the PD.

Short Circuit Port Off:

The switch will stop supplying the power to the port if it detects that the
PD linked to the port is short circuit.

Over Temp. Protection:

The port of the switch will be disabled due to fast transient rise in
temperature to 240oC or slow rise in temperature to 200oC.

Power Management Port Off:

Due to total power required by all PDs linked to the switch excesses the
power limit, so the switch stops supplying the power to this port after
referring to the information of the priority.

59

Function name:

PoE Configuration

Function description:

In PoE Port Management function, user can configure the settings about PoE.
The switch complies with IEEE 802.3af protocol and be capable of detecting

automatically that whether the device linked to the port on the switch is PD
(Powered Device) or not. The switch also manage the power supplement
based on the Class of the PD, and it will stop supplying the power once the
power required by the PD excesses the Class, Short Circuit or over
temperature occurs.

Parameter description:

Status:

Include “Normal” or “Active” two kinds of status. The former means the
port is ready to link and supply the power to the PD at any time. The
latter means the port is in the condition of supplying the power.

State:

“Enable” means the manager allows the power supplied to the PD is
legal while the port linked to the PD; “Disable” means the port does not
own PoE function.

Priority:

Three options are offered for the user to choose, including Normal, Low
and High. Default is Normal. The switch will stop supplying the power to
the port based on the order of the priority LowNormalHigh in case
total power required by all PDs linked to the switch excesses the power
limit. As the ports have the same priority, then the switch will cease the
power supplement from the port with the highest port id (121).

Power(W):

The power is consumed by the port.

Fig. 3-16

60

Current(mA):

Class:

The current is supplied to the PD by the port.

The Class of the PD linked to the port of the switch.

61

3-4. Loop Detection

The loop detection is used to detect the presence of traffic. When switch
receives packet’s(looping detection frame) MAC address the same as oneself from
port, show Loop detection happens. The port will be locked when it received the
looping detection frames. If you want to resume the locked port, please find out the
looping path and take off the looping path, then select the resume the locked port
and click on “Resume” to turn on the locked ports

Function name:

Loop Detection

Function description:

Display whether switch open Loop detection.

Fig.3-22

Parameter description:

Port No:

Display the port number. The number is 1 – 10.

State – Disable / Enable:

When Port No is chosen, and enable port' s Loop detection, the port can
detect loop happens. When Port-No is chosen, enable port' s Loop
detection, and the port detects loop happen, port will be Locked. If Loop
did not happen, port maintains Unlocked. The default is Disable.

Current Status:
Display the port current status. The default is unlocked.

Locked Port – Resume Action:

When Port No is chosen, enable port' s Loop detection, and the port

detects loop happen, the port will be Locked. When choosing Resume,
port locked will be opened and turned into unlocked. If not choosing
Resume, Port maintains locked.

62

3-5. SNMP Configuration

Any Network Management System (NMS) running the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP) can manage the Managed devices equipped with
SNMP agent, provided that the Management Information Base (MIB) is installed
correctly on the managed devices. The SNMP is a protocol that is used to govern
the transfer of information between SNMP manager and agent and traverses the
Object Identity (OID) of the management Information Base (MIB), described in the
form of SMI syntax. SNMP agent is running on the switch to response the request
issued by SNMP manager.

Basically, it is passive except issuing the trap information. The switch
supports a switch to turn on or off the SNMP agent. If you set the field SNMP
“Enable”, SNMP agent will be started up. All supported MIB OIDs, including RMON
MIB, can be accessed via SNMP manager. If the field SNMP is set “Disable”, SNMP
agent will be de-activated, the related Community Name, Trap Host IP Address,
Trap and all MIB counters will be ignored.

Function name:

SNMP Configuration

Function description:

This function is used to configure SNMP settings, community name, trap host
and public traps as well as the throttle of SNMP. A SNMP manager must pass the
authentication by identifying both community names, then it can access the MIB
information of the target device. So, both parties must have the same community
name. Once completing the setting, click <Apply> button, the setting takes effect.

Fig. 3-17 Community and trap host setting

Parameters description:

SNMP:

The term SNMP here is used for the activation or de-activation of SNMP.
Default is Enable.

Get/Set/Trap Community:

Community name is used as password for authenticating if the

63

requesting network management unit belongs to the same community
group. If they both don’t have the same community name, they don’t
belong to the same group. Hence, the requesting network management
unit can not access the device with different community name via SNMP
protocol; If they both have the same community name, they can talk
each other.

Community name is user-definable with a maximum length of 15
characters and is case sensitive. There is not allowed to put any blank in
the community name string. Any printable character is allowable.

The community name for each function works independently. Each
function has its own community name. Say, the community name for
GET only works for GET function and can’t be applied to other function
such as SET and Trap.

Default SNMP function : Enable
Default community name for GET: public
Default community name for SET: private
Default community name for Trap: public
Default Set function : Enable
Default trap host IP address: 0.0.0.0
Default port number :162

Trap:

In the switch, there are 6 trap hosts supported. Each of them has its own
community name and IP address; is user-definable. To set up a trap host
means to create a trap manager by assigning an IP address to host the
trap message. In other words, the trap host is a network management
unit with SNMP manager receiving the trap message from the managed
switch with SNMP agent issuing the trap message. 6 trap hosts can
prevent the important trap message from losing.

For each public trap, the switch supports the trap event Cold Start, Warm
Start, Link Down, Link Up and Authentication Failure Trap. They can be
enabled or disabled individually. When enabled, the corresponded trap
will actively send a trap message to the trap host when a trap happens. If
all public traps are disabled, no public trap message will be sent. As to
the Enterprise (no. 6) trap is classified as private trap, which are listed in
the Trap Alarm Configuration function folder.

Default for all public traps: Enable.

64

3-6. DHCP Boot

The DHCP Boot function is used to spread the request broadcast packet into
a bigger time frame to prevent the traffic congestion due to broadcast packets from
many network devices which may seek its NMS, boot server, DHCP server and
many connections predefined when the whole building or block lose the power and
then reboot and recover. At this moment, a bunch of switch or other network device
on the LAN will try its best to find the server to get the services or try to set up the
predefined links, they will issue many broadcast packets in the network.

The switch supports a random delay time for DHCP and boot delay for each
device. This suppresses the broadcast storm while all devices are at booting stage
in the same time. The maximum user-defined delay time is 30 sec. If DHCP
Broadcasting Suppression function is enabled, the delay time is set randomly,
ranging from 0 to 30 seconds, because the exactly delay time is computed by the
switch itself. The default is “Disable”.

Fig. 3-18

65

3-7. IGMP Snooping

The function, IGMP Snooping, is used to establish the multicast groups to
forward the multicast packet to the member ports, and, in nature, avoids wasting the
bandwidth while IP multicast packets are running over the network. This is because
a switch that does not support IGMP or IGMP Snooping can not tell the multicast
packet from the broadcast packet, so it can only treat them all as the broadcast
packet. Without IGMP Snooping, the multicast packet forwarding function is plain
and nothing is different from broadcast packet.

A switch supported IGMP Snooping with the functions of query, report and
leave, a type of packet exchanged between IP Multicast Router/Switch and IP
Multicast Host, can update the information of the Multicast table when a member
(port) joins or leaves an IP Multicast Destination Address. With this function, once a
switch receives an IP multicast packet, it will forward the packet to the members
who joined in a specified IP multicast group before.

The packets will be discarded by the IGMP Snooping if the user transmits
multicast packets to the multicast group that had not been built up in advance.

Function name:

IGMP Snooping Status

Function description:

IGMP is used to snoop the status of IP multicast groups and display its
associated information in both tagged VLAN and non-tagged VLAN networks.
Enabling IGMP with either passive or active mode, you can monitor the IGMP
snooping information, which contains the multicast member list with the
multicast groups, VID and member port.

Fig. 3-19

66

Parameter description:

IGMP snooping mode selection:

The switch supports three kinds of IGMP Snooping status, including
“Passive”, “Active” and “Disable”.

Disable:

Default: Disable

Active:

Passive:

IP Address:

Set “Disable” mode to disable IGMP Snooping function.

In Active mode, IGMP snooping switch will periodically issue the
Membership Query message to all hosts attached to it and
gather the Membership report message to update the database
of the Multicast table. By the way, this also reduces the
unnecessary multicast traffic.

In Passive Snooping mode, the IGMP snooping will not
periodically poll the hosts in the groups. The switch will send a
Membership Query message to all hosts only when it has
received a Membership Query message from a router.

Show all multicast groups IP addresses that are registered on this device.

VLAN ID:

Show VLAN ID for each multicast group.

Member Port:

Show member ports that join each multicast group. Member port may be
only or more than one.

67

Function name:

Allowed Group

Function description:

The Allowed Group function allows the IGMP Snooping to set up the IP
multicast table based on user’s specific conditions. IGMP report packets that
meet the items you set up will be joined or formed the multicast group.

Fig. 3-20

Parameter description:

IP Range:

The switch supports two kinds of options for managed valid IP range,
including “Any” and “Custom”. Default is “Any”. In case that” Custom”
had been chosen, you can assigned effective IP range. The valid range
is 224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255.

VID:

The switch supports two kinds of options for managed valid VLAN VID,
including “Any” and “Custom”. Default is “Any”. When you choose
“Custom”, you can fill in VID number. The valid VID range is 1~4094.

Port:

The switch supports two kinds of options for managed valid port range,
including “Any” and “Custom”. Default is “Any”. You can select the ports
that you would like them to be worked and restricted in the allowed group
configuration if ”Custom” had been chosen.

Add:

A new entry of
parameters as mentioned above had been setup and then press <Add>
button.

allowed group

configuration can be created after the

68

Edit:

The existed entry also can be modified after pressing <Edit> button.

Delete:

Remove the existed entry of allowed group configuration from the
allowed group.

69

Function name:

Static IP Multicast

Function description:

The Static IP Multicast function allows the IGMP Snooping to set up Static IP
multicast table based on user’s specific conditions.

Parameter description:

No:
Number for Static IP Multicast.
IP:

Multicast groups IP addresses.

VID:

Show VLAN ID for each multicast group.

Member Port:

Show member ports that join each multicast group. Member port may be
only or more than one.

Add:

Step 1: Click <Add> button as Fig. 3-24
Step 2: Key in IP, VID and select member port, then click <Apply> as Fig.

3-25

Fig. 3-20-1

70

Fig. 3-20-2

Edit:

Step 1: Select an existed entry, then click <Edit>
Step 2: After modify member port, then click <Apply>

Fig. 3-20-3

Fig. 3-20-4

Delete:

Step 1: Select an existed entry, then click <Delete>

71

Fig. 3-20-5

72

Function name:

RADIUS IGMP

Function description:

This function provide RADIUS Server, Accounting Server and IGMP Port
Member setting.

Fig. 3-20-6

Parameter description:

Radius Server:

RADIUS server IP address for authentication.
Default: 192.168.1.1

Port Number:

The port number to communicate with RADIUS server for the
authentication service. The valid value ranges 1-65535.

Default port number is 1812.

Accounting Server:

Accounting server IP address.

Default: 192.168.1.1
Port Number:
The port number to communicate with Accounting server. The valid value

ranges 1-65535.
Default port number is 1813.
Response Timeout:

73

It is the time for response timeout.
Number of retry:
It is the field to set retry.
Secret Key:

The secret key between authentication server and authenticator. It is a
string with the length 1 – 31 characters. The character string may contain
upper case, lower case and 0-9.

Default: Radius
Port Member:
To select the RADIUS IGMP multicast port members, one by one or

select/unselect all.

74

3-8. VLAN

The switch supports Tag-based VLAN (802.1q) and Port-based VLAN
Support 256 active VLANs and VLAN ID 1~4094. VLAN configuration is used to
partition your LAN into small ones as your demand. Properly configuring it, you can
gain not only improving security and increasing performance but greatly reducing
VLAN management.

3-8-1. VLAN Mode

Function name:

VLAN Mode Setting

Function description:

The VLAN Mode Selection function includes two modes: Port-based and Tag­based, you can choose one of them by pulling down list and pressing the
<Downward> arrow key. Then, click <Apply> button, the settings will take
effect immediately.

.

Parameter description:

VLAN Mode:

Tag-based:

This is the default setting.
Tag-based VLAN identifies its member by VID. This is quite

different from port-based VLAN. If there are any more rules in
ingress filtering list or egress filtering list, the packet will be
screened with more filtering criteria to determine if it can be
forwarded. The switch supports supplement of 802.1q..

Each tag-based VLAN you built up must be assigned VLAN name
and VLAN ID. Valid VLAN ID is 1-4094. User can create total up to
256 Tag VLAN groups.

Port-based:

Port-based VLAN is defined by port. Any packet coming in or
outgoing from any one port of a port-based VLAN will be accepted.

Fig. 3-21

75

No filtering criterion applies in port-based VLAN. The only criterion
is the physical port you connect to. For example, for a port-based
VLAN named PVLAN-1 contains port members Port 1&2&3&4. If
you are on the port 1, you can communicate with port 2&3&4. If you
are on the port 5, then you cannot talk to them. Each port-based
VLAN you built up must be assigned a group name. This switch can
support up to maximal 26 port-based VLAN groups.

Metro Mode:

The Metro Mode is a quick configuration VLAN environment
method on Port-based VLAN. It will create 9 or 10 Port-based
VLAN groups.

Symmetric Vlan:

This is a Ingress Rule (Rule 1, The Ingress Filtering Rule 1 is “forward
only packets with VID matching this port’s configured VID”.). For example,
if port 1 receives a tagged packet with VID=100 (VLAN name=VLAN100),
and if Symmetric-Vlan function is enabled, the switch will check if port 1
is a member of VLAN100. If yes, the received packet is forwarded;
otherwise, the received packet is dropped.

Note: If Symmetric is enabled and port 1, for example, receives an untagged

packet, the switch will apply the PVID of port 1 to tag this packet, the
packet then will be forwarded. But if the PVID of port 1 is not 100, the
packet will be dropped.

SVL:

While SVL is enable, all VLANs use the same filtering database storing
the membership information of the VLAN to learn or look up the
membership information of the VLAN. While SVL is disable, it means
learning mode is IVL. In this mode, different VLAN uses different filtering
database storing the membership information of the VLAN to learn or
look up the information of a VLAN member.

Double Tag:

Double-tag mode belongs to the tag-based mode, however, it would treat
all frames as the untagged ones, which means that tag with PVID will be
added into all packets. Then, these packets will be forwarded as Tag­based VLAN. So, the incoming packets with tag will become the double­tag ones.

Up-link Port:

This function is enabled only when metro mode is chosen in VLAN mode.

25:
Except Port 25, each port of the switch cannot transmit packets

with each other. Each port groups a VLAN with Port 25, thus, total
8 groups consisting of 2 members are formed.

76

26:
Except Port 26, each port of the switch cannot transmit packets

with each other. Each port groups a VLAN with Port 26, thus, total
8 groups consisting of 2 members are formed.

25&26:
Except Port 25 and Port 26, each port of the switch cannot transmit

packets with each other. Each port groups a VLAN with Port 25
and Port 26, thus, total 8 groups consisting of 3 members are
formed.

77

3-8-2. Tag-based Group

Function name:

Tag-based Group Configuration

Function description:

It shows the information of existed Tag-based VLAN Groups. You can also
easily create, edit and delete a Tag-based VLAN group by pressing <Add>,
<Edit> and <Delete> function buttons. User can add a new VLAN group by
inputting a new VLAN name and VLAN ID after pressing <Add> button.

Parameter description:

VLAN Name:

The name defined by administrator is associated with a VLAN group.
Valid letters are A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “ - “ and “_” characters. The maximal

length is 15 characters.

VID:

VLAN identifier. Each tag-based VLAN group has a unique VID. It
appears only in tag-based and Double-tag mode.

Member:

This is used to enable or disable if a port is a member of the new added
VLAN, “Enable” means it is a member of the VLAN. Just tick the check
box beside the port x to enable it.

Fig. 3-22

78

Add Group:

Delete Group:

Input the VLAN name, VID and then choose the member by ticking the
check box beside the port No. to create a new Tag-based VLAN. As to
the parameter of Untag, it stands for an egress rule of the port. If you tick
the check box beside the port No., packets with this VID outgoing from
this port will be untagged. Finally, press the <Apply> button to have the
setting taken effect.

Fig. 3-23

Just press the <Delete> button to remove the selected group entry from
the Tag-based group table.

Edit a group:

Just select a group entry and press the <Edit> button, then you can
modify a group’s description, member and untag settings.

Fig. 3-24

79

3-8-3. PVID

Function name:

PVID

Function description:

In PVID Setting, user can input VID number to each port. The range of VID
number is from 1 to 4094. User also can choose ingress filtering rule (Rule 2)
to each port. The Ingress Filtering Rule 2 is “drop untagged frame”. While Rule
2 is enabled, the port will discard all Untagged-frames.

Parameter description:

Port 1-26:

Port number.

PVID:

This PVID range will be 1-4094. Before you set a number x as PVID, you
have to create a Tag-based VLAN with VID x. For example, if port x
receives an untagged packet, the switch will apply the PVID (assume as
VID y) of port x to tag this packet, the packet then will be forwarded as
the tagged packet with VID y.

Default Priority:

It bases on 802.1p QoS and affects untagged packets. When the packets
enter the switch, it would get the priority precedence according to your
Default Priority setting and map to 802.1p priority setting in QoS function.
For example, while you set Default Priority of port 2 with 2 and transmit
untagged packets to port 2, these packets will own priority 2 precedence
due to your default 802.1p Priority Mapping setting in QoS function and
be put into Queue 1.

Fig. 3-25

80

Drop Untag:

Drop untagged frame. You can configure a given port to accept all
frames (Tagged and Untagged) or just receive tagged frame. If the
former is the case, then the packets with tagged or untagged will be
processed. If the later is the case, only the packets carrying VLAN tag
will be processed, the rest packets will be discarded.

81

3-8-4. Port-based Group

Function name:

Port-based Group Configuration

Function description:

It shows the information of the existed Port-based VLAN Groups. You can
easily create, edit and delete a Port-based VLAN group by pressing <Add>,
<Edit> and <Delete> function buttons. User can add a new VLAN group by
inputting a new VLAN name.

Parameter description:

VLAN Name:

The name defined by administrator is associated with a VLAN group.
Valid letters are A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “ - “ and “_” characters. The maximal

length is 15 characters.

Member:

This is used to enable or disable if a port is a member of the new added
VLAN, “Enable” means it is a member of the VLAN. Just tick the check
box beside the port x to enable it.

Fig. 3-26

82

Add Group:

Create a new Port-based VLAN. Input the VLAN name and choose the
member by ticking the check box beside the port No., then, press the
<Apply> button to have the setting taken effect.

Fig. 3-27

Delete Group:

Just press the <Delete> button to remove the selected group entry from
the Port-based group table.

Edit a group:

Just select a group entry and press the <Edit> button, then you can
modify a group‘s description and member set.

Fig. 3-28

83

3-8-5. Management VLAN

Function name:

Management VLAN

Function Description:

Parameter description:

State:

Fig. 3-37

It works when the tag-based mode is chosen. When this function is
enabled, only the tagged packets with this VID can manage the switch.

VID:

Valid range 1~4094.

84

3-9. MAC Table

MAC Table Configuration gathers many functions, including MAC Table
Information, MAC Table Maintenance, Static and MAC Alias, which cannot be
categorized to some function type. They are described below.

Function name:

MAC Table Information

Function Description:

Display the static or dynamic learning MAC entry and the state for the selected
port.

Parameter description:

Port:

Select the port you would like to inquire.

Search:

Set up the MAC entry you would like to inquire.
The default is ??-??-??-??-??-??

MAC:

Display the MAC address of one entry you selected from the searched
MAC entries table.

Alias:

Set up the Alias for the selected MAC entry.

Set Alias:

Save the Alias of MAC entry you set up.

Search:

Find the entry that meets your setup.

Previous Page:

Fig. 3-29

Move to the previous page.

85

Next Page:

Move to the next page.

Alias:

The Alias of the searched entry.

MAC Address:

The MAC address of the searched entry.

Port:

The port that exists in the searched MAC Entry.

VID:

VLAN Group that MAC Entry exists.

State:

Display the method that this MAC Entry is built. It may show “Dynamic
MAC” or “Static MAC”.

86

Function Name:

MAC Table Maintenance

Function Description:

This function can allow the user to set up the processing mechanism of MAC
Table. An idle MAC address exceeding MAC Address Age-out Time will be
removed from the MAC Table. The range of Age-out Time is 10-1000000
seconds, and the setup of this time will have no effect on static MAC
addresses.

In addition, the learning limit of MAC maintenance is able to limit the amount
of MAC that each port can learn.

Parameter description:

Aging Time:

Delete a MAC address idling for a period of time from the MAC Table,
which will not affect static MAC address. Range of MAC Address Aging
Time is 10-1000000 seconds. The default Aging Time is 300 seconds.

Learning Limit:

To set up the maximum amount of MAC that each port can learn. Valid
value of learning limit for port 1~24 ranges from 0-8191. As to port
25~port 26, only the fixed value “8192” is assigned to these two ports
and user cannot configure this value.

Fig. 3-30

87

Function Name:

Static Setting

Function Description:

The function of Static is used to configure MAC’s real manners inside of the
switch. Three kinds of manners including static, static with destination drop
and static with source drop are contained in this function .

As “static” is chosen, assign a MAC address to a specific port, all of the
switch’s traffics sent to this MAC address will be forwarded to this port.

As “static with destination drop” is chosen, the packet will be dropped if its DA
is equal to the value you set up. Due to this setting belongs to the global one,
so, it may affect all ports’ transmission of the packets.

As “static with source drop” is chosen, the packet will be dropped if its SA is
equal to the value you set up. Due to this setting belongs to the global one, so,
it may affect all ports’ transmission of the packets.

Parameter description:

MAC:

It is a six-byte long Ethernet hardware address and usually expressed by
hex and separated by hyphens. For example,

00 – 40 - C7 - D6 – 00 - 01

VID:

VLAN identifier. This will be filled only when tagged VLAN is applied.
Valid range is 1 ~ 4094.

Queue (Priority):

Set up the priority( 0~3) for the MAC.

Forwarding Rule(Drop Policy):

Static:

A MAC address is assigned to a specific port, all of the switch’s
traffics sent to this MAC address will be forwarded to this port.

Static with Destination Drop:

Fig. 3-31

88

While the DA of the incoming packets meets the value you set up,
these packets will be dropped.

Static with Source Drop:

While the SA of the incoming packets meets the value you set up,
these packets will be dropped.

Port :

Select the port No. you would like to do setup in the switch. It is 1 ~26.

89

Function name:

MAC Alias

Function description:

MAC Alias function is used to let you assign MAC address a plain English
name. This will help you tell which MAC address belongs to which user in the
illegal access report. At the initial time, it shows all pairs of the existed alias
name and MAC address.

There are three MAC alias functions in this function folder, including MAC Alias
Add, MAC Alias Edit and MAC Alias Delete. You can click <Create/Edit>
button to add/modify a new or an existed alias name for a specified MAC
address, or mark an existed entry to delete it. Alias name must be composed
of A-Z, a-z and 0-9 only and has a maximal length of 15 characters.

Function name:

MAC Alias Create/Edit or Delete

Function description:

In the MAC Alias function, MAC Alias Add/Edit function is used to let you add
or modify an association between MAC address and a plain English name.
User can click <Create/Edit> button to add a new record with name.

As to MAC Alias Delete function is used to let you remove an alias name to a
MAC address. You can select an existed MAC address or alias name to
remove.

Fig. 3-32

Parameter description:

MAC Address:

It is a six-byte long Ethernet hardware address and usually expressed by
hex and separated by hyphens. For example,

00 – 40 - C7 - D6 – 00 - 02

Alias:

MAC alias name you assign.

Note: If there are too many MAC addresses learned in the table, we

recommend you inputting the MAC address and alias name directly.

90

3-10. GVRP Configuration

GVRP is an application based on Generic Attribute Registration Protocol
(GARP), mainly used to automatically and dynamically maintain the group
membership information of the VLANs. The GVRP offers the function providing the
VLAN registration service through a GARP application. It makes use of GARP
Information Declaration (GID) to maintain the ports associated with their attribute
database and GARP Information Propagation (GIP) to communicate among
switches and end stations. With GID information and GIP, GVRP state machine
maintain the contents of Dynamic VLAN Registration Entries for each VLAN and
propagate these information to other GVRP-aware devices to setup and update
their knowledge database, the set of VLANs associated with currently active
members, and through which ports these members can be reached.

In GVRP Configuration function folder, there are three functions supported,
including GVRP Config, GVRP Counter and GVRP Group explained below.

Function name:

GVRP Config

Function description:

In the function of GVRP Config, it is used to configure each port’s GVRP
operation mode, in which there are seven parameters needed to be configured
described below.

Fig. 3-33

91

Parameter description:

GVRP State Setting:

This function is simply to let you enable or disable GVRP function. You
can pull down the list and click the <Downward> arrow key to choose
“Enable” or “Disable”. Then, click the <Apply> button, the system will
take effect immediately.

Join Time:

Used to declare the Join Time in unit of centisecond. Valid time range:
20 –100 centisecond, Default: 20 centisecond.

Leave Time:

Used to declare the Leave Time in unit of centisecond. Valid time range:
60 –300 centisecond, Default: 60 centisecond.

Leave All Time:

A time period for announcement that all registered device is going to be
de-registered. If someone still issues a new join, then a registration will
be kept in the switch. Valid range: 1000-5000 unit time, Default: 1000 unit
time.

Default Applicant Mode:

The mode here means the type of participant. There are two modes,
normal participant and non-participant, provided for the user’s choice.

Normal:

It is Normal Participant. In this mode, the switch participates
normally in GARP protocol exchanges. The default setting is
Normal.

Non-Participant:

It is Non-Participant. In this mode, the switch does not send or
reply any GARP messages. It just listens messages and
reacts for the received GVRP BPDU.

Default Registrar Mode:

The mode here means the type of Registrar. There are three types of
parameters for registrar administrative control value, normal registrar,
fixed registrar and forbidden registrar, provided for the user’s choice.

Normal:

It is Normal Registration. The Registrar responds normally to
incoming GARP messages. The default setting is Normal.

Fixed:

It is Registration Fixed. The Registrar ignores all GARP
messages, and all members remain in the registered (IN)
state.

Forbidden:

It is Registration Forbidden. The Registrar ignores all GARP
messages, and all members remain in the unregistered
(EMPTY) state.

92

Restricted Mode:

This function is used to restrict dynamic VLAN be created when this port
received GVRP PDU. There are two modes, disable and enable,
provided for the user’s choice.

Disabled:

In this mode, the switch dynamic VLAN will be created when
this port received GVRP PDU. The default setting is Normal.

Enabled:

In this mode, the switch does not create dynamic VLAN when
this port received GVRP PDU. Except received dynamic
VLAN message of the GVRP PDU is an existed static VLAN
in the switch, this port will be added into the static VLAN
members dynamically.

93

Function name:

GVRP Counter

Function description:

All GVRP counters are mainly divided into Received and Transmitted two
categories to let you monitor the GVRP actions. Actually, they are GARP
packets.

Fig. 3-34

Parameter description:

Received:

Total GVRP Packets:

Total GVRP BPDU is received by the GVRP application.

Invalid GVRP Packets:

Number of invalid GARP BPDU is received by the GARP

application.

LeaveAll Message Packets:

Number of GARP BPDU with Leave All message is received by the
GARP application.

JoinEmpty Message Packets:

Number of GARP BPDU with Join Empty message is received by
the GARP application.

JoinIn Message Packets:

Number of GARP BPDU with Join In message is received by the
GARP application.

LeaveEmpty Message Packets:

Number of GARP BPDU with Leave Empty message is received by
the GARP application.

Empty Message Packets:

Number of GARP BPDU with Empty message is received by the
GARP application.

Transmitted:

94