LevelOne FGP-2472 User Manual
FGP-2472
24 FE PoE + 2 GE Combo SFP L2 Managed Switch
User Manual
V1.0 – 101014
C
AUTION
E
LECTRONIC EMISSION NOTICES
............................................................................................................................................
Table of Contents
.......................................................................................................
IV
IV
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 2
1-1. O
VERVIEW OF
1-2. C
HECKLIST
1-3. F
EATURES
1-4. V
IEW OF
1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs) ........................................... 7
1-4-2. User Interfaces on the Rear Panel ....................................................................................... 9
1-5. V
IEW OF THE OPTIONAL MODULES
2. INSTALLATION ........................................................................................................................ 10
2-1. S
TARTING
2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation ...................................................................................... 10
2-1-2. Installing Chassis to a 19-Inch Wiring Closet Rail ............................................................ 12
2-1-3. Cabling Requirements ........................................................................................................ 12
2-1-3-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports ........................................................................................... 12
2-1-3-2. Cabling Requirements for 1000SX/LX SFP Module................................................................. 12
2-1-3-3. Switch Cascading in Topology .................................................................................................. 13
2-1-4. Configuring the Management Agent of FGP-2472 ............................................................ 16
2-1-4-1. Configuring the Management Agent of FGP-2472 through the Serial RS-232 Port .................. 16
2-1-4-2. Configuring the Management Agent of FGP-2472 through the Ethernet Port ........................... 18
2-1-5. IP Address Assignment ....................................................................................................... 19
2-2. T
YPICAL APPLICATIONS
3. OPERATION OF WEB-BASED MANAGEMENT ............................................................... 26
3-1. W
EB MANAGEMENT HOME OVERVIEW
3-1-1. System Information ............................................................................................................ 31
3-1-2. IP Configuration ................................................................................................................ 33
3-1-3. Time Configuration ............................................................................................................ 36
3-1-4. Account Configuration ....................................................................................................... 39
3-1-5. Management Security ........................................................................................................ 40
3-1-6. Virtual Stack ....................................................................................................................... 43
3-1-7. Login Protect ..................................................................................................................... 45
3-2. P
ORT CONFIGURATION
3-2-1.Port Status .......................................................................................................................... 47
3-2-2. Port Configuration ............................................................................................................. 51
3-2-3. Port Description ................................................................................................................ 53
3-2-4. Simple Counter .................................................................................................................. 54
3-2-4. Detail Counter ................................................................................................................... 55
3-3. POE............................................................................................................................................. 58
3-4. L
OOP DETECTION
3-5. SNMP C
3-6. DHCP B
3-7. IGMP S
3-8. VLAN ........................................................................................................................................ 75
3-8-1. VLAN Mode ....................................................................................................................... 75
3-8-2. Tag-based Group ................................................................................................................ 78
3-8-3. PVID .................................................................................................................................. 80
3-8-4. Port-based Group .............................................................................................................. 82
FGP-2472 .............................................................................................................. 2
................................................................................................................................... 5
..................................................................................................................................... 5
FGP-2472....................................................................................................................... 7
............................................................................................... 9
FGP-2472 UP ............................................................................................................. 10
.............................................................................................................. 24
....................................................................................... 28
................................................................................................................ 46
........................................................................................................................ 62
ONFIGURATION
OOT
............................................................................................................................... 65
NOOPING
.............................................................................................................. 63
........................................................................................................................ 66
3-8-5. Management VLAN ............................................................................................................ 84
3-9. MAC T
3-10. GVRP C
3-11. STP C
3-11-1. STP Status ........................................................................................................................ 97
3-10-2. STP Configuration ........................................................................................................... 99
3-10-3. STP Port Configuration ................................................................................................. 101
3-12. MSTP C
3-12-1 Status .............................................................................................................................. 104
3-12-2 Region Config ................................................................................................................. 105
3-12-3 Instance View .................................................................................................................. 106
3-13. T
3-14. 802.1X C
3-15. A
3-16. C
3-14-1. Save/Restore ................................................................................................................... 134
3-14-2. Config File ..................................................................................................................... 137
3-17. S
3-18. B
3-19. QOS (Q
3-20. D
3-21. TFTP S
3-22. LOG ........................................................................................................................................ 157
3-23. F
3-24. R
3-25. L
ABLE
............................................................................................................................... 85
ONFIGURATION
ONFIGURATION
ONFIGURATION
RUNKING CONFIGURATION
ONFIGURATION
LARM CONFIGURATION
ONFIGURATION
ECURITY
ANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT
IAGNOSTICS
IRMWARE UPGRADE
EBOOT
OGOUT
............................................................................................................................... 138
UALITY OF SERVICE) CONFIGURATION
.......................................................................................................................... 153
ERVER
......................................................................................................................... 156
.................................................................................................................................. 159
.................................................................................................................................. 160
............................................................................................................ 91
................................................................................................................ 97
.......................................................................................................... 104
................................................................................................... 114
......................................................................................................... 120
......................................................................................................... 131
..................................................................................................................... 133
................................................................................................... 140
........................................................................ 143
.............................................................................................................. 158
4. OPERATION OF CLI MANAGEMENT ............................................................................... 161
4-1. CLI M
4-1-1. Login ................................................................................................................................ 161
4-2. C
4-2-1. Global Commands of CLI ................................................................................................ 164
4-2-2. Local Commands of CLI .................................................................................................. 170
5. MAINTENANCE .......................................................................................................................... 256
5-1. R
5-2. Q&A ......................................................................................................................................... 256
APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................... 257
APPENDIX B NULL MODEM CABLE SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................... 260
ANAGEMENT
OMMANDS OF
ESOLVING NO LINK CONDITION
................................................................................................................... 161
CLI .................................................................................................................. 163
............................................................................................. 256
Caution
Circuit devices are sensitive to static electricity, which can damage their delicate
electronics. Dry weather conditions or walking across a carpeted floor may cause you to
acquire a static electrical charge.
To protect your device, always:
• Touch the metal chassis of your computer to ground the static electrical charge before
you pick up the circuit device.
• Pick up the device by holding it on the left and right edges only.
• The switch supports the SFP Vendor includes: LevelOne, Agilent, Avago and Finisa
• If you need using outdoor device connect to this device with cable then you need to
addition an arrester on the cable between outdoor device and this device.
Fig. Addition an arrester between outdoor device and this switch
Electronic Emission Notices
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class A
computing device pursuant to Subpart J of part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to
provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial
environment.
European Community (CE) Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the protection requirements
of European Emission Standard EN55022/EN61000-3 and the Generic European Immunity
Standard EN55024.
EMC:
EN55022(2006)/CISPR-22( 2006) class A
IEC61000-4-2 (2001) 4K V CD, 8KV, AD
IEC61000-4-3 (2002) 3V/m Level 2
IEC61000-4-4 (2004) 1KV – (power line), 0.5KV – (signal line)
IEC61000-4-5 (2001) Line to Line: 1KV, Line to Earth: 2KV
IEC61000-4-6 (2003) 130dBuV(3V) Level 2
IEC61000-4-8 (2001) 1A/m
Voltage dips:
IEC61000-4-11 (2001)
>95%, 0.5period, 30%, 25periods
Voltage interruptions:
>95%, 250periods
Warrning:
• Self-demolition on Product is strictly prohibited. Damage caused by self-demolition will be
charged for repairing fees.
• Do not place product at outdoor or sandstorm.
• Before installation, please make sure input power supply and product specifications are
compatible to each other.
• Before importing / exporting configuration please make sure the firmware version is
always the same.
•
After firmware upgrade, the switch will remove the configuration automatically to latest
firmware version.
v
About this user’s manual
In this user’s manual, it will not only tell you how to install and connect your
network system but configure and monitor the FGP-2472 through the built-in CLI
and web by RS-232 serial interface and Ethernet ports step-by-step. Many
explanation in detail of hardware and software functions are shown as well as the
examples of the operation for web-based interface and command-line interface
(CLI).
Overview of this user’s manual
Chapter 1 “Introduction” describes the features of FGP-2472
Chapter 2 “Installation”
Chapter 3 “Operation of Web-based Management”
Chapter 4 “Operation of CLI Management”
Chapter 5 “Maintenance”
1
1. Introduction
1-1. Overview of FGP-2472
FGP-2472, a 24 Fast Ethernet + 2 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch, implemented
24 10/100Mbps TP + 2 Gigabit dual media ports with TP/SFP, is a standard switch
that meets all IEEE 802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, Fast Ethernet and Ethernet specifications.
The switch can be managed through RS-232 serial port via directly connection, or
through Ethernet port using Telnet or Web-based management unit, associated with
SNMP agent. With the SNMP agent, the network administrator can logon the switch
to monitor, configure and control each port’s activity in a friendly way. The overall
network management is enhanced and the network efficiency is also improved to
accommodate high bandwidth applications. In addition, the switch features
comprehensive and useful function such as QoS (Quality of Service), Spanning
Tree, VLAN, Port Trunking, Bandwidth Control, Port Security, SNMP/RMON and
IGMP Snooping capability via the intelligent software. It is suitable for both metroLAN and office application.
This PSE switch also complies with IEEE 802.3af, its advanced auto-sensing
algorithm enables providing power devices (PD) discovery, classification, current
limit, and other necessary functions. It also supports high safety with short circuit
protection and power-out auto-detection to PD.
10/100/1000Mbps TP is a standard Ethernet port that meets all IEEE
802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, Fast Ethernet specifications. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver
is a Gigabit Ethernet port that fully complies with all IEEE 802.3z and 1000BaseSX/LX standards.
1000Mbps Single Fiber WDM (BiDi) transceiver is designed with an optic
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology that transports bi-directional
full duplex signal over a single fiber simultaneously.
For upgrading firmware, please refer to the Section 3-21 or Section 4-2-2 for
more details. The switch will not stop operating while upgrading firmware and after
that, the configuration keeps unchanged.
2
••••
Key Features in the Device
QoS:
Support Quality of Service by the IEEE 802.1P standard. There are two
priority queue and packet transmission schedule using Weighted Round
Robin (WRR). User-defined weight classification of packet priority can be
based on either VLAN tag on packets or user-defined port priority.
Spanning Tree:
Support IEEE 802.1D, IEEE 802.1w (RSTP: Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol) standards.
VLAN:
Support Port-based VLAN and IEEE802.1Q Tag VLAN. Support 256 active
VLANs and VLAN ID 1~4094.
Port Trunking:
Support static port trunking and port trunking with IEEE 802.3ad LACP.
Bandwidth Control:
Support ingress and egress per port bandwidth control.
Port Security:
Support allowed, denied forwarding and port security with MAC address.
SNMP/RMON:
SNMP agent and RMON MIB. In the device, SNMP agent is a client
software which is operating over SNMP protocol used to receive the
command from SNMP manager (server site) and echo the corresponded
data, i.e. MIB object. Besides, SNMP agent will actively issue TRAP
information when happened.
RMON is the abbreviation of Remote Network Monitoring and is a branch of
the SNMP MIB.
The device supports MIB-2 (RFC 1213), Bridge MIB (RFC 1493), RMON
MIB (RFC 1757)-statistics Group 1,2,3,9, Ethernet-like MIB (RFC 1643),
Ethernet MIB (RFC 1643) and so on.
IGMP Snooping:
Support IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236): The function IGMP snooping is used
to establish the multicast groups to forward the multicast packet to the
member ports, and, in nature, avoid wasting the bandwidth while IP
multicast packets are running over the network.
IGMP Proxy:
The implementation of IP multicast processing. The switch supports IGMP
version 1 and IGMP version 2, efficient use of network bandwidth, and fast
response time for channel changing. IGMP version 1 (IGMPv1) is
described in RFC1112 ,and IGMP version 2 (IGMPv2) is described in RFC
2236. Hosts interact with the system through the exchange of IGMP
messages. Similarly, when you configure IGMP proxy, the system interacts
with the router on its upstream interface through the exchange of IGMP
messages. However, when acting as the proxy, the system performs the
host portion of the IGMP task on the upstream interface as follows:
3
PoE:
• When queried, sends group membership reports to the group.
• When one of its hosts joins a multicast address group to which
none of its other hosts belong, sends unsolicited group
membership reports to that group.
• When the last of its hosts in a particular multicast group leaves
the group, sends an unsolicited leave group membership report
to the all-routers group (244.0.0.2).
24-PoE ports allow power to be supplied to end devices, such as Wireless
Access Points or VoIP Phones, directly through the existing LAN cables,
eliminating costs for additional AC wiring and reducing Installation Cost.
4
1-2. Checklist
Before you start installing the switch, verify that the package contains the
following:
A set of FGP-2472
Modules (optional)
Mounting Accessory (for 19” Rack Shelf)
This User's Manual in CD-ROM
AC Power Cord
RS-232 Cable
Please notify your sales representative immediately if any of the aforementioned
items is missing or damaged.
1-3. Features
The FGP-2472, a standalone off-the-shelf switch, provides the
comprehensive features listed below for users to perform system network
administration and efficiently and securely serve your network.
••••
Hardware
• Supports 24-port 10/100M TP ports with Nway and auto MDIX function
• In FGP-2472, it supports 2 Gigabit dual media ports(TP/SFP) and 2 slots for
removable SFP module supporting 1000M SFP fiber module with 380W Power
Supply
• Supports 256KB packet buffer and 128KB control memory
• Maximal packet length can be up to 1536 bytes
• Supports 8K MAC table
• Supports Switch capacity up to 8.8Gbps
• Supports throughput up to 6.547Mpps
• Full-duplex flow control (IEEE802.3x) and half-duplex backpressure
• Extensive front-panel diagnostic LEDs; System: Power, CPURUN, ACT / FDX /
SPD(LEDSET), 10/100Mbps TP Port1-24:LINK/ACT, FDX, SPD,
10/100/1000Mbps/Fiber port 25,26: LINK/ACT, FDX, SPD
24 port IEEE802.3af PoE PSE.
FGP-2472 supports up to 24-port 15.4W
Endpoint with 48VDC power through RJ-45 pin 1, 2, 3, 6.
Powered Device(PD) auto detection and classification.
PoE-PSE status and activity LED indicator.
5
••••
Management
• Supports concisely the status of port and easily port configuration
• Supports per port traffic monitoring counters
• Supports a snapshot of the system Information when you login
• Supports port mirror function
• Supports the static trunk function
• Supports 802.1Q VLAN with 256 entries.
• Supports user management and limits three users to login
• Supports DHCP Broadcasting Suppression to avoid network suspended or
crashed
• Supports to send the trap event while monitored events happened
• Supports default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current
configuration which is working on via web browser and CLI
• Supports on-line plug/unplug SFP modules
• Supports 5 kinds of QoS, are as follows, MAC Priority, 802.1p Priority, IP TOS
Priority, and DiffServ DSCP Priority.
• Built-in web-based management and CLI management, providing a more
convenient UI for the user
• Supports port mirror function with ingress/egress traffic
• Supports rapid spanning tree (802.1w RSTP)
• Supports 802.1x port security on a VLAN
• Supports user management and only first login administrator can configure the
device. The rest of users can only view the switch
• SNMP access can be disabled and prevent from illegal SNMP access
• Supports Ingress, Non-unicast and Egress Bandwidth rating management
• The trap event and alarm message can be transferred via e-mail and mobile
phone short message
• Supports diagnostics to let administrator knowing the hardware status
• Supports external loopback test to check if the link is ok
• TFTP for firmware upgrade, system log upload and config file import/export
• Supports remote boot the device through user interface and SNMP
• Supports network time synchronization and daylight saving
• Supports 120 event log records in the main memory and display on the local
console
6
Power Indication LED
Fast Ethernet Port
LED SET Mode: ACT/FDX/SPD
mode
Fiber Port Status Indication LED
s
RESET B
utton
:
1-4. View of FGP-2472
Fig. 1-1 Full View of the FGP-2472
1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs)
There are 24 TP Fast Ethernet ports and 2 slots for optional removable
modules on the front panel of the switch. LED display area, locating on the front
panel, contains a CPURUN, Power LED and 26 ports working status of the switch.
LEDSET Button
LEDSET button is
used to change
the LED display
PoE Port Status
Indication LEDs
TP Port Status
Indication LEDs
Gigabit Dual Media
Port(25~26): SFP/TP
RESET button is used to
reset the management
system.
Fig. 1-2 Front View of the FGP-2472
7
••••
LED Indicators
LED Color Function
System LED
CPURUN Green Lit when CPU is on and good
POWER Green Lit when AC power is on and good
ACT Green Lit when LEDSET set on active mode
FDX Green Lit when LEDSET set on full-duplex mode
SPD Green Lit when LEDSET set on speed mode
10/100Mbps Ethernet TP Port 1 to 24 LED
LINK Green
Amber
ACT/FDX/ SPD
PoE-PSE ACT Green
LINK Green
FX Green
ACT/FDX/ SPD
(TP Port 1
to 24 LED)
10/100/1000Mbps Gigabit TP/Fiber Port 25, 26 LED
Green
(Port 25,
26 LED)
Lit when connection with remote device is good
Off when cable connection is not good
a. LEDSET set on ACT (active) mode:
Blinks when any traffic is present
b. LEDSET set on FDX (full-duplex) mode:
Lit when full-duplex mode is active
Blinks when any collision is present
c. LEDSET set on SPD (speed) mode:
Lit when 100Mbps speed is active
Off when 10Mbps speed is active
Lit when PoE Power is active
Off when PoE function is Off
Lit when connection with remote device is good
Off when cable connection is not good
Lit when Fiber port is active
Off when TP port is active
a. LEDSET set on ACT (active) mode:
Blinks when any traffic is present
b. LEDSET set on FDX (full-duplex) mode:
Lit when full-duplex mode is active
Blinks when any collision is present
c. LEDSET set on SPD (speed) mode:
Lit when 1000Mbps speed is active
Off when 10/100Mbps speed is active
Table1-1
8
User Interfaces on the Rear P
9 interface is offered for configuration or management. And
for having the switch powered on or off.
nal Modules
includes two types of media
(LC, BiDi LC…); this port supports 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber
detected function. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber
the following are
transceiver
1000Mbps LC, SM 10km, SFP Fiber
1000Mbps LC, SM 30km, SFP Fiber
1000Mbps LC, SM 50km, SFP Fiber
C, type 1, SM 20km, SFP Fiber
C, type 2, SM 20km, SFP Fiber
1000Mbps LC, SM 10km, SFP Fiber
3 Rear View of the
RS-232 DB
-
9 Connector
Base
1000Base
AC Line 100
-
240V 50/60 Hz
1-4-2.
One RS-232 DB-
there is one AC power input socket
Fig. 1-
1-5. View of the Optio
anel
FGP-2472
In the switch, Port 25, 26
with autospeed connection expansion;
switch:
1000Mbps LC, MM, SFP Fiber
1000Mbps BiDi L
1000Mbps BiDi L
--- TP and SFP Fiber
transceiver is used for high-
optional SFP types provided for the
transceiver
transceiver
transceiver
WDM transceiver
WDM transceiver
transceiver with DDM
Fig. 1-4 Front View of 1000
-SX/LX LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver
Fig. 1-5 Front View of
-LX BiDi LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver
9
4. Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each module to be installed into
Fig. 2
-1
Installation of
O
ptional
SFP Fiber
T
ransceiver
2. Installation
2-1. Starting FGP-2472 Up
This section will give users a quick start for:
-
Hardware and Cable Installation
- Management Station Installation
- Software booting and configuration
2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation
At the beginning, please do first:
⇒ Wear a grounding device to avoid the damage from electrostatic discharge
••••
Installing Optional SFP Fiber Transceivers to the FGP-2472 Switch
Note: If you have no modules, please skip this section.
•
• Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis:
••
The optional SFP modules are hot swappable, so you can plug or unplug it
before or after powering on.
1. Verify that the SFP module is the right model and conforms to the
chassis
2. Slide the module along the slot. Also be sure that the module is properly
seated against the slot socket/connector
3. Install the media cable for network connection
slot(s)
5. Have the power ON after the above procedures are done
10
•
TP Port and Cable Installation
⇒ In the switch, TP port supports MDI/MDI-X auto-crossover, so both types of
cable, straight-through (Cable pin-outs for RJ-45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 1, 2, 3, 6 in
10/100M TP; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 in Gigabit TP) and
crossed-over (Cable pin-outs for RJ-45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 3, 6, 1, 2) can be used.
It means you do not have to tell from them, just plug it.
⇒ Use Cat. 5 grade RJ-45 TP cable to connect to a TP port of the switch and the
other end is connected to a network-aware device such as a workstation or a
server.
⇒ Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each RJ-45 port to be connected to a
Gigabit 10/100/1000 TP device.
Now, you can start having the switch in operation.
••••
Power On
The switch supports 100-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz power supply. The power
supply will automatically convert the local AC power source to DC power. It does not
matter whether any connection plugged into the switch or not when power on, even
modules as well. After the power is on, all LED indicators will light up immediately
and then all off except the power LED still keeps on. This represents a reset of the
system.
••••
Firmware Loading
After resetting, the bootloader will load the firmware into the memory. It will
take about 30 seconds, after that, the switch will flash all the LED once and
automatically performs self-test and is in ready state.
11
2-1-2. Installing Chassis to a 19-Inch Wiring Closet Rail
Fig. 2-2
Caution: Allow a proper spacing and proper air ventilation for the cooling fan
at both sides of the chassis.
⇒
Wear a grounding device for electrostatic discharge.
⇒
Screw the mounting accessory to the front side of the switch (See Fig. 2-2).
⇒
Place the Chassis into the 19-inch wiring closet rail and locate it at the proper
position. Then, fix the Chassis by screwing it.
2-1-3. Cabling Requirements
To help ensure a successful installation and keep the network performance
good, please take a care on the cabling requirement. Cables with worse
specification will render the LAN to work poorly.
2-1-3-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports
⇒ For Fast Ethernet TP network connection
The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of
100 meters.
⇒ Gigabit Ethernet TP network connection
The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of
100 meters. Cat. 5e is recommended.
2-1-3-2. Cabling Requirements for 1000SX/LX SFP Module
It is more complex and comprehensive contrast to TP cabling in the fiber
media. Basically, there are two categories of fiber, multi mode (MM) and single
mode (SM). The later is categorized into several classes by the distance it supports.
They are SX, LX, LHX, XD, and ZX. From the viewpoint of connector type, there
mainly are LC and BiDi-SC.
Gigabit Fiber with multi-mode LC SFP module
Gigabit Fiber with single-mode LC SFP module
Gigabit Fiber with BiDi-SC 1310nm SFP module
12
Gigabit Fiber with BiDi-SC 1550nm SFP module
The following table lists the types of fiber that we support and those else not
listed here are available upon request.
Multi-mode Fiber Cable and Modal Bandwidth
IEEE 802.3z
Gigabit Ethernet
1000SX 850nm
1000BaseLX/LHX/XD/ZX
Multi-mode 62.5/125µm Multi-mode 50/125µm
Modal
Bandwidth
160MHz-Km 220m 400MHz-Km 500m
200MHz-Km 275m 500MHz-Km 550m
SFP.0LC.212.10/30/50/70/B0 Km
Single-mode Fiber 9/125µm
Single-mode transceiver 1310nm 10Km
Single-mode transceiver 1550nm 30, 50, 70, 110Km
Distance
Modal
Bandwidth
Distance
1000Base-LX
Single Fiber
WDM Module
Table2-1
SFP.0BL.621.202
SFP.0BL.621.201
Single-Mode
Single-Mode
*20Km
*20Km
TX(Transmit) 1310nm
RX(Receive) 1550nm
TX(Transmit) 1550nm
RX(Receive) 1310nm
2-1-3-3. Switch Cascading in Topology
••••
Takes the Delay Time into Account
Theoretically, the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch
cascading that you may up-link the switches unlimitedly. In practice, the network
extension (cascading levels & overall diameter) must follow the constraint of the
IEEE 802.3/802.3u/802.3z and other 802.1 series protocol specifications, in which
the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802.3
series specification of Media Access Control (MAC) and PHY, and timer from some
OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802.1d, 802.1q, LACP and so on.
The fiber, TP cables and devices’ bit-time delay (round trip) are as follows:
1000Base-X TP, Fiber 100Base-TX TP 100Base-FX Fiber
Round trip Delay: 4096 Round trip Delay: 512
Cat. 5 TP Wire: 11.12/m Cat. 5 TP Wire: 1.12/m Fiber Cable: 1.0/m
Fiber Cable : 10.10/m TP to fiber Converter: 56
Bit Time unit : 1ns (1sec./1000 Mega bit)
Bit Time unit: 0.01µs (1sec./100 Mega bit)
Table 2-2
Sum up all elements’ bit-time delay and the overall bit-time delay of
wires/devices must be within Round Trip Delay (bit times) in a half-duplex network
segment (collision domain). For full-duplex operation, this will not be applied. You
may use the TP-Fiber module to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic and
provide the long haul connection.
13
Typical Network Topology in Deployment
A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switch may reduce the timing
delay between server and client station. Basically, with this approach, it will
ches in any one path; will lower the possibility of
network loop and will improve network efficiency. If more than two switches are
, select one switch as Level 1 switch and connect all
ost is recommended to connect to the Level
. This is general if no VLAN or other
Case1: All switch ports are in the same local area network. Every port can access
is enabled and configured
is bounded
Here VLAN area is defined by what VLAN you are using. The switch
based VLAN and tag
deployment, especially in physical location. The following diagram shows how it
4).
Fig. 2
-3
No VLAN Configuration Diagram
4 Port
ost is recommended to connect to the Level
••••
minimize the number of swit
connected in the same network
other switches to it at Level 2. Server/H
1 switch
each other (See Fig. 2-3).
special requirements are applied.
If VLAN
communicate each other directly
supports both portworks and what the difference they are.
Case2a: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-
, each node in the network that can
in the same VLAN area.
-based VLAN. They are different in practical
Fig. 2-
-based VLAN Diagram
14
1. The same VLAN members could not be in different switches.
2. Every VLAN members could not access VLAN members each other.
3. The switch manager has to assign different names for each VLAN groups
5).
1. VLAN1 members could not access VLAN2, VLAN3 and VLA
2. VLAN2 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could
VLAN3 members could not access VLAN1, VLAN2 and VLAN4.
4. VLAN4 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could
Case3a: The same VLAN members can be at different switches with the same VID
based VLAN Diagram
based VLAN Diagram
at one switch.
Case 2b: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-
access VLAN4 members.
3.
access VLAN2 members.
(See Fig. 2-6).
Fig. 2-5 Port-
N4 members.
Fig. 2-6 Attribute-
15
Configuring the Management Agent of
three ways to startup the
sers can use any one
ou can touch them through the following procedures.
the Management Agent of
the Management Agent of
lease first modify the IP address, Subnet mask
and then
the Management Agent
To perform the configuration through RS
port must be directly connected to a DCE device, for example, a PC, through
. Next, run a termina
setting of the switch’s serial port. With this, you can communicate with the switch.
232 interface only supports baud rate 57.6k bps with 8 data
bits, 1 stop bit, no parity check and no flow control.
, please
9 cable with female DB
Normally, it just uses pins 2, 3 and 7. See also Appendix B for more
details on Null Modem Cable Specifications.
9 female cable connector to the male serial RS
9 connector on the switch.
Attaches the other end of the serial RS
port, running a terminal emulator supporting VT100/ANSI terminal with
rt default settings. For example,
Windows98/2000/XP HyperTerminal utility.
Note: The switch’s serial port default settings are listed as follows:
Terminal or Terminal Emulator
232 cable with female
9 connector at both ends
RS-232 DB
-
9 Connector
AC Line 100
-
240V 50/60 Hz
2-1-4.
FGP-2472
We offer you
are RS-232 console, CLI, and Web. U
configure the switch. Y
Section 2-1-4-1: Configuring
Serial RS-232 Port
Section 2-1-4-2: Configuring
Ethernet Port
Note: P
DNS through RS-232 console,
2-1-4-1. Configuring
RS-232 Port
RS-232 cable with DB-9 connector
In the switch, RS-
switch management function. They
of them to monitor and
FGP-2472 through the
FGP-2472 through the
, Default gateway and
do the next.
of FGP-2472 through the Serial
-232 console port, the switch’s serial
l emulator with the default
RS-232
RSDB-
To configure the switch
1.
Find the RS-232 DB-
FGP-2472
Default IP Setting:
IP address = 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254
Fig. 2-7
follow the procedures below:
-9 connector bundled.
2.
Attaches the DBDB-
3.
-232 DB-9 cable to PC’s serial
-232
The switch’s serial po
16
IP Address
192.168.1.1
10.1.1.1
Subnet
Default Gateway
Baud rate 57600
Stop bits 1
Data bits 8
Parity N
Flow control none
4.
When you complete the connection, then press <Enter> key. The login
prompt will be shown on the screen. The default username and
password are shown as below:
Username = admin Password = admin
••••
Set IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway IP Address
Please refer to Fig. 2-7 CLI Management for details about LevelOne’s setting.
They are default setting of IP address. You can first either configure your PC IP
address or change IP address of the switch, next to change the IP address of
default gateway and subnet mask.
For example, your network address is 10.1.1.0, and subnet mask is
255.255.255.0. You can change the switch’s default IP address 192.168.1.1 to
10.1.1.1 and set the subnet mask to be 255.255.255.0. Then, choose your default
gateway, may be it is 10.1.1.254.
Default Value FGP-2472 Your Network Setting
255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0
192.168.1.254 10.1.1.254
Table 2-3
After completing these settings in the switch, it will reboot to have the
configuration taken effect. After this step, you can operate the management through
the network, no matter it is from a web browser or Network Management System
(NMS).
Fig. 2-8 the Login Screen for CLI
17
Fig. 2
-9
2-1-4-2. Configuring the Management Agent of FGP-2472 through the Ethernet
Port
There are three ways to configure and monitor the switch through the
switch’s Ethernet port. They are CLI, Web browser and SNMP manager. The user
interface for the last one is NMS dependent and does not cover here. We just
introduce the first two types of management interface.
FGP-2472
Default IP Setting:
IP = 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254
Ethernet LAN
Assign a reasonable IP address,
For example:
IP = 192.168.1.100
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254
••••
Managing FGP-2472 through Ethernet Port
Before you communicate with the switch, you have to finish first the
configuration of the IP address or to know the IP address of the switch. Then,
follow the procedures listed below.
1. Set up a physical path between the configured the switch and a PC by a
qualified UTP Cat. 5 cable with RJ-45 connector.
Note: If PC directly connects to the switch, you have to setup the same
subnet mask between them. But, subnet mask may be different for the PC
in the remote site. Please refer to Fig. 2-9 about the switch’s default IP
address information.
2. Run CLI or web browser and follow the menu. Please refer to Chapter 3
and Chapter 4.
18
Fig. 2-10 the Login Screen for Web
2-1-5. IP Address Assignment
For IP address configuration, there are three parameters needed to be filled
in. They are IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and DNS.
IP address:
The address of the network device in the network is used for internetworking
communication. Its address structure looks is shown in the Fig. 2-11. It is “classful”
because it is split into predefined address classes or categories.
Each class has its own network range between the network identifier and
host identifier in the 32 bits address. Each IP address comprises two parts: network
identifier (address) and host identifier (address). The former indicates the network
where the addressed host resides, and the latter indicates the individual host in the
network which the address of host refers to. And the host identifier must be unique
in the same LAN. Here the term of IP address we used is version 4, known as IPv4.
Network identifier Host identifier
Fig. 2-11 IP address structure
32 bits
19
With the classful addressing, it divides IP address into three classes, class A,
class B and class C. The rest of IP addresses are for multicast and broadcast. The
bit length of the network prefix is the same as that of the subnet mask and is
denoted as IP address/X, for example, 192.168.1.0/24. Each class has its address
range described below.
Class A:
Address is less than 126.255.255.255. There are a total of 126 networks can
be defined because the address 0.0.0.0 is reserved for default route and
127.0.0.0/8 is reserved for loopback function.
Bit # 0 1 7 8 31
0
Network address Host address
Class B:
IP address range between 128.0.0.0 and 191.255.255.255. Each class B
network has a 16-bit network prefix followed 16-bit host address. There are 16,384
(2^14)/16 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 65534 (2^16 –2) hosts
per network.
Bit # 01 2 15 16 31
10
Network address Host address
Class C:
IP address range between 192.0.0.0 and 223.255.255.255. Each class C
network has a 24-bit network prefix followed 8-bit host address. There are
2,097,152 (2^21)/24 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 254 (2^8 –2)
hosts per network.
Bit # 0 1 2 3 23 24 31
110
Network address Host address
20
Subnet
Network
Class D and E:
Class D is a class with first 4 MSB (Most significance bit) set to 1-1-1-0 and
is used for IP Multicast. See also RFC 1112. Class E is a class with first 4 MSB set
to 1-1-1-1 and is used for IP broadcast.
According to IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), there are three
specific IP address blocks reserved and able to be used for extending internal
network. We call it Private IP address and list below:
Class A 10.0.0.0 --- 10.255.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0 --- 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.168.0.0 --- 192.168.255.255
Please refer to RFC 1597 and RFC 1466 for more information.
Subnet mask:
It means the sub-division of a class-based network or a CIDR block. The
subnet is used to determine how to split an IP address to the network prefix and the
host address in bitwise basis. It is designed to utilize IP address more efficiently and
ease to manage IP network.
For a class B network, 128.1.2.3, it may have a subnet mask 255.255.0.0 in
default, in which the first two bytes is with all 1s. This means more than 60
thousands of nodes in flat IP address will be at the same network. It’s too large to
manage practically. Now if we divide it into smaller network by extending network
prefix from 16 bits to, say 24 bits, that’s using its third byte to subnet this class B
network. Now it has a subnet mask 255.255.255.0, in which each bit of the first
three bytes is 1. It’s now clear that the first two bytes is used to identify the class B
network, the third byte is used to identify the subnet within this class B network and,
of course, the last byte is the host number.
Not all IP address is available in the sub-netted network. Two special
addresses are reserved. They are the addresses with all zero’s and all one’s host
number. For example, an IP address 128.1.2.128, what IP address reserved will be
looked like? All 0s mean the network itself, and all 1s mean IP broadcast.
10000000.00000001.00000010.1 0000000
25 bits
All 0s = 128.1.2.128
All 1s= 128.1.2.255
1 0000000
1 1111111
21
Prefix Length
No. of IP matched
No. of Addressable IP
/32
1 -
/31
2 -
/30 4 2
/29 8 6
/28
16
14
/27
32
30
/26
64
62
/25
128
126
/24
256
254
/23
512
510
/22
1024
1022
/21
2048
2046
/20
4096
4094
/19
8192
8190
/18
16384
16382
7
32768
32766
/16
65536
65534
In this diagram, you can see the subnet mask with 25-bit long,
255.255.255.128, contains 126 members in the sub-netted network. Another is that
the length of network prefix equals the number of the bit with 1s in that subnet mask.
With this, you can easily count the number of IP addresses matched. The following
table shows the result.
/1
Table 2-4
According to the scheme above, a subnet mask 255.255.255.0 will partition a
network with the class C. It means there will have a maximum of 254 effective
nodes existed in this sub-netted network and is considered a physical network in an
autonomous network. So it owns a network IP address which may looks like
168.1.2.0.
With the subnet mask, a bigger network can be cut into small pieces of
network. If we want to have more than two independent networks in a worknet, a
partition to the network must be performed. In this case, subnet mask must be
applied.
22
For different network applications, the subnet mask may look like
255.255.255.240. This means it is a small network accommodating a maximum of
15 nodes in the network.
Default gateway:
For the routed packet, if the destination is not in the routing table, all the
traffic is put into the device with the designated IP address, known as default router.
Basically, it is a routing policy. The gateway setting is used for Trap Events Host
only in the switch.
For assigning an IP address to the switch, you just have to check what the IP
address of the network will be connected with the switch. Use the same network
address and append your host address to it.
Fig. 2-12
First, IP Address: as shown in the Fig. 2-12, enter “192.168.1.1”, for instance.
For sure, an IP address such as 192.168.1.x must be set on your PC.
Second, Subnet Mask: as shown in the Fig. 2-12, enter “255.255.255.0”. Any
subnet mask such as 255.255.255.x is allowable in this case.
DNS:
The Domain Name Server translates human readable machine name to IP
address. Every machine on the Internet has a unique IP address. A server generally
has a static IP address. To connect to a server, the client needs to know the IP of
the server. However, user generally uses the name to connect to the server. Thus,
the switch DNS client program (such as a browser) will ask the DNS to resolve the
IP address of the named server.
23
Fast Ethernet TP ports with auto MDIX and 2
removable
, including LC, BiDi LC for SFP. For more details on the
se refer to Appendix A.
The switch is suitable for the following applications.
used in carrier or ISP
used in carrier or ISP
Chain Fiber Network Connection (See
13 is a system wide basic reference connection diagram. This diagram
demonstrates how the switch connects with other network devices and hosts.
FTTB/FTTO
2-2. Typical Applications
The FGP-2472 implements 24
Gigabit dual media ports with SFP for
fiber types of connection
specification of the switch, plea
FTTB/FTTO application is
FTTH application is
Daisy-
module supported comprehensive
(See Fig. 2-13)
(See Fig. 2-14)
Fig. 2-15)
Fig. 2-13 Network
Connection of
Fig. 2-
Fig. 2-14 Network
Connection of
FTTH
24
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