The manual covers software version M108314 and above.
See paramter 63 for the software version of the drive you are working with.
If you are working with an earlier software releaas, you will not have all of
the functionality described in this manual, but the functionlity of the drive is
fully documented in this manual.
If you are working with M108313 or ealier, parameters 69 and 70 are
described in this manual as parameters 98 and 99.
This manual covers the AC Tech MC1000 Series Variable Frequency Drive.
1.2 PRODUCT CHANGES
AC Technology Corporation reserves the right to discontinue or make modifications
to the design of its products and manuals without prior notice, and holds no obligation
to make modifications to products sold previously. AC Technology Corporation also
holds no liability for losses of any kind which may result from this action. Instruction
manuals with the most up-to-date information are available for download from the
AC Tech web site. (www.actech.com).
1.3 WARRANTY
AC Technology Corporation warrants the MC Series AC motor control to be free
of defects in material and workmanship for a period of 24 months from the date
of shipment from AC Tech's factory. An MC Series control, or any component
contained therein, which under normal use, becomes defective within the stated
warranty time period, shall be returned to AC Technology Corporation, freight
prepaid, for examination (contact AC Technology Corporation for authorization prior
to returning any product). AC Technology Corporation reserves the right to make
the final determination as to the validity of a warranty claim, and sole obligation is
to repair or replace only components which have been rendered defective due to
faulty material or workmanship. No warranty claim will be accepted for components
which have been damaged due to mishandling, improper installation, unauthorized
repair and/or alteration of the product, operation in excess of design specifications
or other misuse, or improper maintenance. AC Technology Corporation makes no
warranty that its products are compatible with any other equipment, or to any specific
application, to which they may be applied and shall not be held liable for any other
consequential damage or injury arising from the use of its products.
This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied.
No other person, firm or corporation is authorized to assume, for AC Technology
Corporation, any other liability in connection with the demonstration or sale
of its products.
1.4 RECEIVING
Inspect all cartons for damage which may have occurred during shipping. Carefully
unpack equipment and inspect thoroughly for damage or shortage. Report
any damage to carrier and/or shortages to supplier. All major components and
connections should be examined for damage and tightness, with special attention
given to PC boards, plugs, knobs and switches.
1.5 CUSTOMER MODIFICATION
AC Technology Corporation, its sales representatives and distributors, welcome the
opportunity to assist our customers in applying our products. Many customizing
options are available to aid in this function. AC Technology Corporation cannot
assume responsibility for any modifications not authorized by its engineering
department.
The model number of an MC1000 Series drive gives a full description of the basic
drive unit (see example below).
EXAMPLE: M1450BP
(MC1000, 480 Vac, 5 HP, Type 1 Enclosure, with a Remote Keypad Assembly)
M1 4 50BP
Series:
M1 = M1000 Series Variable Speed AC Motor Drive
Input Voltage:
1 = 240/120 Vac (For 110, 115, 120, 230 and 240 Vac; 50 or 60 Hz)
2 = 240/200 Vac (For 208, 230, and 240 Vac; 50 or 60 Hz)
4 = 480/400 Vac (For 380, 415, 440, 460 and 480 Vac; 50 or 60 Hz)
5 = 590/480 Vac (For 440, 460, 480, 575 and 600 Vac; 50 or 60 Hz)
Rating:
03 = ¼ HP (0.18 kW)75 = 7½ HP (5.5 kW)500 = 50 HP (37.5 kW)
05 = ½ HP (0.37 kW)100 = 10 HP (7.5 kW)600 = 60 HP (45 kW)
10 = 1 HP (0.75 kW)150 = 15 HP (11 kW)750 = 75 HP (55 kW)
15 = 1½ HP (1.1 kW)200 = 20 HP (15 kW)1000100 HP (75 kW)
20 = 2 HP (1.5 kW)250 = 25 HP (18.5 kW) 1250 = 125 HP (90 kW)
30 = 3 HP (2.2 kW)300 = 30 HP (22 kW)1500 = 150 HP (110 kW)
50 / 51 = 5 HP (3.7 kW)400 = 40 HP (30vkW)
Input Phase:
S = Single phase input only.
No character indicates three phase input only
Enclosure Type:
B = NEMA 1 - General Purpose, vented
C = NEMA 4 - Water-tight and Dust-tight
D = NEMA 12 - Oil-tight and Dust-tight
E = NEMA 4X - Water-tight, Dust-tight, and Corrosion Resistant (Stainless Steel)
Standard Options:
H = Additional Form C Relay circuit board
J = Dynamic Braking circuit board
K = Dynamic Braking & Additional Form C Relay board (not available on all HP sizes - consult factory)
No character when this type of option is not specified
Interface Options:
P = Remote keypad assembly
No character when this type of option is not specified
The following tables indicate the input and output ratings of the MC1000 Series.
NOTE: The output current ratings are based on operation at carrier frequencies
of 8 kHz and below. At full ambient temperature, operation at carrier frequencies
above 8 kHz require derating the drive by multiplying the output current rating by
the following factors: 0.94 at 10 kHz, 0.89 at 12 kHz, and 0.83 at 14 kHz. Refer to
Parameter 23 - CARRIER in Section 18.0 - DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETERS.
Three phase AC motors are comprised of two major components, the stator and
the rotor. The stator is a set of three electrical windings held stationary in the motor
housing. The rotor is a metal cylinder, fixed to the motor drive shaft, which rotates
within the stator. The arrangement of the stator coils and the presence of three
phase AC voltage give rise to a rotating magnetic field which drives the rotor. The
speed at which the magnetic field rotates is known as the synchronous speed of
the motor. Synchronous speed is a function of the frequency at which the voltage
is alternating and the number of poles in the stator windings.
The following equation gives the relation between synchronous speed, frequency,
and the number of poles:
Ss = 120 f/p
Where: Ss = Synchronous speed (rpm ), f = frequency (Hz),
p = number of poles
In three phase induction motors the actual shaft speed differs from the synchronous
speed as load is applied. This difference is known as “slip”. Slip is commonly
expressed as a percentage of synchronous speed. A typical value is three percent
at full load.
The strength of the magnetic field in the gap between the rotor and stator is
proportional to the amplitude of the voltage at a given frequency. The output torque
capability of the motor is, therefore, a function of the applied voltage amplitude at
a given frequency. When operated below base (rated) speed, AC motors run in
the range of “constant torque”. Constant torque output is obtained by maintaining
a constant ratio between voltage amplitude (Volts) and frequency (Hertz). For
60 Hz motors rated at 230, 460, and 575 Vac, common values for this V/Hz ratio
are 3.83, 7.66, and 9.58 respectively. Operating with these V/Hz ratios generally
yields optimum torque capability. Operating at lower ratio values results in lower
torque and power capability. Operating at higher ratio values will cause the motor
to overheat. Most standard motors are capable of providing full torque output from
3 to 60 Hz. However, at lower speeds, where motor cooling fans become less
effective, supplemental cooling may be needed to operate at full torque output
continuously.
If the frequency applied to the motor is increased while the voltage remains constant,
torque capability will decrease as speed increases. This will cause the horsepower
capability of the motor to remain approximately constant. Motors run in this mode
when operated above base speed, where drive output voltage is limited by the
input line voltage. This operating range is known as the “constant horsepower”
range. The typical maximum range for constant horsepower is about 2.3 to 1
(60 to
40 Hz). The diagram below depicts the characteristics of a typical AC
1
induction motor with a 60 Hz base speed.
Consult motor manufacturer before operating motor and/or driven equipment
Variable frequency drives, and the loads they are applied to, can generally be
divided into two groups: constant torque and variable torque. Constant torque loads
include: vibrating conveyors, punch presses, rock crushers, machine tools, and
just about every other application that is not considered variable torque. Variable
torque loads include centrifugal pumps and fans, which make up the majority of
HVAC applications.
Variable torque loads are governed by the affinity laws, which define the relationships
between speed, flow, torque and horsepower. The diagram below illustrates these
relationships:
100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
% FLOW
% TORQUE
% HORSEPOWER
100%75%50%25%0%
% SPEED
“Variable torque” refers to the fact that the torque required varies with the square of
the speed. Also, the horsepower required varies with the cube of the speed, resulting
in a large reduction in horsepower for even a small reduction in speed. It is easily
seen that substantial energy savings can be achieved by reducing the speed of a
fan or pump. For example, reducing the speed to 50% results in a 50 HP motor
having to produce only 12.5% of rated horsepower, or 6.25 HP.
Variable torque drives usually have a low overload capacity (110% - 120% for
60 seconds), because variable torque applications rarely experience overload
conditions. To optimize efficiency and energy savings, variable torque drives are
usually programmed to follow a variable V/Hz ratio.
The term “constant torque” is not entirely accurate in terms of the actual torque
required for an application. Many constant torque applications have reciprocating
loads, such as vibrating conveyors and punch presses, where the rotational motion
of the motor is being converted to a linear motion. In such cases, the torque required
can vary greatly at different points in the cycle. For constant torque loads, this
fluctuation in torque is not a direct function of speed, as it is with a variable torque
load. As a result, constant torque drives typically have a high overload rating (150%
for 60 seconds) in order to handle the higher peak torque demands. To achieve
maximum torque, constant torque drives follow a constant V/Hz ratio.
Both MC Series product lines (MC1000 and MC3000) have full overload capacity
(150% for 60 seconds, 180% for 30 seconds), so that either one can be used for either
type of application. The V/Hz ratio can also be changed to optimize performance
for either type of application.
The MC Series is a 16 bit microprocessor based, keypad programmable, variable
speed AC motor drive. There are four major sections: an input diode bridge and
filter, a power board, a control board, and an output intelligent power module.
6.2.1 DRIVE OPERATION
Incoming AC line voltage is converted to a pulsating DC voltage by the input diode
bridge. The DC voltage is supplied to the bus filter capacitors through a charge
circuit which limits inrush current to the capacitors during power-up. The pulsating DC
voltage is filtered by the bus capacitors which reduces the ripple level. The filtered
DC voltage enters the inverter section of the drive, composed of six output intelligent
insulated gate bi-polar transistors (IGBTs) which make up the three output legs of
the drive. Each leg has one intelligent IGBT connected to the positive bus voltage
and one connected to the negative bus voltage. Alternately switching on each leg,
the intelligent IGBT produces an alternating voltage on each of the corresponding
motor windings. By switching each output intelligent IGBT at a very high frequency
(known as the carrier frequency) for varying time intervals, the inverter is able to
produce a smooth, three phase, sinusoidal output current wave which optimizes
motor performance.
6.2.2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The control section consists of a control board with a 16 bit microprocessor, keypad
and display. Drive programming is accomplished via the keypad or the serial
communications port. During operation the drive can be controlled via the keypad,
by control devices wired to the control terminal strip, or by the serial communications
port. The Power Board contains the control and protection circuits which govern
the six output IGBTs. The Power Board also contains a charging circuit for the bus
filter capacitors, a motor current feedback circuit, a voltage feedback circuit, and a
fault signal circuit. The drive has several built in protection circuits. These include
phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground short circuit protection, high and low line
voltage protection, protection against excessive ambient temperature, and protection
against continuous excessive output current. Activation of any of these circuits will
cause the drive to shut down in a fault condition.
6.2.3 MC1000 INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
The drive has two analog inputs (0-10 VDC and 4-20 mA) that can be used for
speed reference, PID set point reference, or PID feedback. A speed potentiometer
(10,000 Ohm) can be used with the 0-10 VDC input.
There are also two analog outputs: one is proportional to speed (frequency), and
the other is proportional to load.
The drive has three programmable outputs for status indication: one Form C relay
and two open-collector outputs.
NOTE: Models rated above 30 Hp at 200/240 Vac and 60 Hp at 400/480 Vac have
a second Form C relay.
Refer to Sections 14.0 - CONTROL WIRING and 15.0 - CONTROL WIRING
DIAGRAMS for more information.
DRIVES MUST NOT BE INSTALLED WHERE SUBJECTED TO ADVERSE
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS! DRIVES MUST NOT BE INSTALLED
WHERE SUBJECTED TO: COMBUSTIBLE, OILY, OR HAZARDOUS VAPORS
OR DUS T; EXCESSIVE MOISTURE OR DIRT ; STRONG VIBRATION;
EXCESSIVE AMBIENT TEMPERATURES. CONSULT AC TECHNOLOGY FOR
MORE INFORMATION ON THE SUITABILITY OF A DRIVE TO A PARTICULAR
ENVIRONMENT.
The drive should be mounted on a smooth vertical surface capable of safely
supporting the unit without vibrating. The LCD display has an optimum field of view,
this should be considered when determining the mounting position.
Chassis models must be installed in an electrical enclosure which will provide
complete mechanical protection and maintain uniform internal temperature within the
drive’s ambient operating temperature rating. All drive models MUST be mounted
in a vertical position for proper heatsink cooling.
Maintain a minimum spacing around the drive as follows:
SPACING REQUIREMENTS
WARNING!
HP
0.25 - 5250
7.5 - 254100
30 - 606150
75 - 1508200
SPACING
INCHESmm
All drive models MUST be mounted in a vertical position for proper heatsink cooling.
Fans or blowers should be used to insure proper cooling in tight quarters.
mount drives above other drives or heat producing equipment that would
impede the cooling of the drive. Note the ambient operating temperature ratings
for each drive model.
If it is necessary to drill or cut the drive enclosure or panel, extreme care must be
taken to avoid damaging drive components or contaminating the drive with metal
fragments (which cause shorting of electrical circuits). Cover drive components
with a clean cloth to keep out metal chips and other debris. Use a vacuum cleaner
to clean drive components after drilling, even if chips do not appear to be present.
Do not attempt to use positive air pressure to blow chips out of drive, as this tends
to lodge debris under electronic components. Contaminating the drive with metal
chips can cause drive failure and will void the warranty.The MC1000 Series is UL
approved for solid state motor overload protection. Therefore, a separate thermal
overload relay is not required for single motor applications. In applications where
one drive is operating more than one motor, a separate thermal overload relay is
required for each motor per NEC.
Severe damage to the drive can result if it is operated after a long period of
WARNING!
storage or inactivity without reforming the DC bus capacitors!
If input power has not been applied to the drive for a period of time exceeding
three years (due to storage, etc), the electrolytic DC bus capacitors within the drive
can change internally, resulting in excessive leakage current. This can result in
premature failure of the capacitors if the drive is operated after such a long period
of inactivity or storage.
In order to reform the capacitors and prepare the drive for operation after a long
period of inactivity, apply input power to the drive for 8 hours prior to actually operating
the drive/motor system.
7.2 EXPLOSION PROOF APPLICATIONS
Explosion proof motors that are not rated for inverter use lose their certification when
used for variable speed. Due to the many areas of liability that may be encountered
when dealing with these applications, the following statement of policy applies:
“AC Technology Corporation inverter products are sold with no warranty of
fitness for a particular purpose or warranty of suitability for use with explosion
proof motors. AC Technology Corporation accepts no responsibility for any
direct, incidental or consequential loss, cost, or damage that may arise through
the use of its AC inverter products in these applications. The purchaser
expressly agrees to assume all risk of any loss, cost, or damage that may
arise from such application."
Hazard of electrical shock! Disconnect incoming power and wait three minutes
WARNING!
before servicing the drive. Capacitors retain charge after power is removed.
8.1 INPUT AC POWER REQUIREMENTS
8.1.1 VOLTAGE
The input voltage must match the drive’s nameplate voltage rating. Voltage
fluctuation must not vary by greater than 10% over voltage or 15% under voltage.
NOTE: Drives with dual rated input voltage must be programmed for the proper
supply voltage. Refer to Parameter 0 - LINE VOLTS in Section 18.0 - DESCRIPTION
OF PARAMETERS.
The UL file for this drive shows that it is suitable for use on a circuit capable of
delivering not more than 200,000 RMS symmetrical amperes, at the drive’s rated
voltage. The CSA file identifies a short-circuit withstand rating of 5,000 RMS
symmetrical amperes at the drives rated voltage.
Three phase voltage imbalance must be less than 2.0% phase to phase. Excessive
phase to phase imbalance can cause severe damage to the drive’s power
components.
Motor voltage should match line voltage in normal applications. The drive’s maximum
output voltage will equal the input voltage. Use extreme caution when using a motor
with a voltage rating which is different from the input line voltage.
8.1.2 SUPPLY TRANSFORMER kVA RATINGS
If the kVA rating of the AC supply transformer is greater than ten times the input
kVA rating of the drive, a drive isolation transformer, or a 2 - 3% input line reactor
(also known as a choke) must be added.
8.2 INPUT FUSING AND DISCONNECT REQUIREMENTS
A circuit breaker or a disconnect switch with fuses must be provided in accordance
with the National Electric Code (NEC) and all local codes.
The MC1000 drive is capable of withstanding up to 150% current overload for 60
seconds. Select a fuse or magnetic trip circuit breaker rated at 1.5 times the input
current rating of the drive (the minimum size should be 10 amps, regardless of input
current rating). Refer to Section 5.0 - MC1000 RATINGS.Minimum voltage rating
of the protection device should be 250 Vac for 240/120 Vac and 240/200 Vac rated
drives, and 600 Vac for 480/400 Vac and 590/480 Vac drives.
Use UL Class CC or Class T current-limiting type fuses with low I
at 200,000 AIC. Recommended fuses are Bussman type KTK-R, JJN, and JJS,
or equivalent.
M1100 Series drives are rated for 240/120 Vac, 50-60 Hz input. The drive will
function with input voltage of 120 Vac (+ 10%, -15%) at 48 to 62 Hz when wired
for 120 Vac input, or with input voltage of 240 Vac (+ 10%, - 15%), at 48 to 62 Hz,
when wired for 240 Vac input.
M1200 Series drives are rated for 240/200 Vac, 50-60 Hz input. The drive will function
with input voltages of 200 to 240 Vac (+ 10%, - 15%), at 48 to 62 Hz.
M1400 Series drives are rated for 480/400 Vac, 50-60 Hz input. The drive will
function with input voltages of 400 to 480 Vac (+ 10%, - 15%), at 48 to 62 Hz.
M1500 Series drives are rated for 590/480 Vac, 50-60 Hz input. The drive will
function with input voltages of 480 to 590 Vac (+ 10%, - 15%), at 48 to 62 Hz.
10.0 POWER WIRING
Hazard of electrical shock! Wait three minutes after disconnecting incoming power
WARNING!
before servicing drive. Capacitors retain charge after power is removed.
Note drive input and output current ratings and check applicable electrical codes
for required wire type and size, grounding requirements, over current protection,
and incoming power disconnect, before wiring the drive. Size conservatively to
minimize voltage drop.
Input fusing and a power disconnect switch or contactor MUST be wired in series
with terminals L1, L2, and L3 (L1 and L2 if input is single phase). If one has not been
supplied by AC Technology Corporation, a disconnect means must be wired during
installation. This disconnect must be used to power down the drive when servicing,
or when the drive is not to be operated for a long period of time, but should not be
used to start and stop the motor.
Repetitive cycling of a disconnect or input contactor (more than once every
two minutes) may cause damage to the drive.
10.1 WIRING FOR SINGLE PHASE OR THREE PHASE INPUT
If the drive is name plated for 240/120 Vac single phase input, wire the input to
terminals L1 and N and jumper terminals L1 to L2 for 120 Vac input voltage, or wire
to terminals L1 and L2 (do not wire to N) for 240 Vac input voltage. Refer to Section
11.0 - MC1000 POWER WIRING DIAGRAM.
If the drive is name plated for three phase input only, wire the input to terminals
L1, L2, and L3.
All three power output wires, from terminals T1, T2, and T3 to the motor, must be
kept tightly bundled and run in a separate conduit away from all other power and
control wiring.
It is not recommended to install contactors or disconnect switches between the
drive and motor. Operating such devices while the drive is running can potentially
cause damage to the drive's power components. If such a device is required, it
should only be operated when the drive is in a STOP state. If there is potential for
the device to be opened while the drive is running, the drive must be programmed
for COAST TO STOP (see Parameter 26 - STOP), and an auxiliary contact on the
device must be interlocked with the drive's run circuit. This will give the drive a stop
command at the same time the device opens, and will not allow the drive to start
again until the device is closed.
Do not connect incoming AC power to output terminals T1, T2, or T3! Severe
damage to the drive will result.
INSTALL, WIRE, AND GROUND IN ACCORDANCE WITH ALL APPLICABLE
CODES.
NOTES:
1. Wire the motor for the proper voltage per the output rating of the drive. Motor
wires MUST be run in a separate steel conduit away from control wiring and
incoming AC power wiring.
2. Do not install contactors between the drive and the motor. Failure to do so
may result in drive damage. See Section 10.1.
3. Remove any existing, and do not install, power factor correction capacitors
between the drive and the motor. Failure to do so will result in drive
damage.
4. Use only UL and CSA listed and approved wire.
5. Minimum wire voltage ratings: 300 V for 120, 200 and 240 Vac systems,
and 600 V for 400, 480, and 590 Vac systems.
6. Wire gauge must be based on a minimum of 125% of the rated input/output
current of the drive, and a minimum 75°C insulation rating. Use copper wire
only.
7. Wire and ground in accordance with NEC or CEC, and all applicable local
codes.
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