Leader LBO-516 User Manual
WARNING!
THE SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL ARE FOR
USE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO
NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING OTHER THAN THAT CONTAINED IN THE
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS UNLESS YOU ARE QUALIFIED TO DO SO.
LBO-516 100 MHz
DELAYED TIME BASE OSCIILOSCOPE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. GENERALINFORMATION
1-1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................1
1-2 SPECIFICATIONS ..........…..................................................................................................................................1
2. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
2-1 FUNCTION OF CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, AND INDICATORS .......................................................... 3
2-1-1 Display Block ........................................................................................................................................... 3
2-1-2 Vertical Amplifier Block ........................................................................................................................... 4
2-1-3 Sweep and Trigger Blocks ......................................................................................................................... 5
2-1-4 Miscellaneous ........................................................................................................................................... 7
2-2 INITIAL OPERATION ................................................................................................................................ 7
2-2-1 Power Connections and Adjustments ......................................................................................................... 7
2-2-2 Installation ................................................................................................................................................ 8
2-2-3 Preliminary Control Settings and Adjustments ........................................................................................... 8
2-3 BASIC OPERATING PROCEDURES ......................................................................................................... 9
2-3-1 Signal Connections ................................................................................................................................... 9
2-3-2 Single-trace Operation ..............................................................................................................................11
2-3-3 Triggering Alternatives ............................................................................................................................11
2-3-4 Probe Compensation ................................................................................................................................14
2-3-5 Dual-trace Operation ................................................................................................................................15
2-3-6 Additive and Differential Operation ..........................................................................................................16
2-3-7 Triple-trace Operation ..............................................................................................................................17
2-3-8 Four-trace Operation ................................................................................................................................17
2-3-9 Delayed Timebase Operation ....................................................................................................................18
2-3-10 Single-shot Operation .............................................................................................................................20
2-3-11 X-Y Operation .......................................................................................................................................20
2-3-12 Intensity Modulation ..............................................................................................................................20
2-4 MEASUREMENT APPLICATIONS ...........................................................................................................21
2-4-1 Amplitude Measurements .........................................................................................................................21
2-4-2 Differential Measurement Techniques .......................................................................................................22
2-4-3 Time Interval Measurements ....................................................................................................................23
2-4-4 Phase Difference Measurements ...............................................................................................................24
2-4-5 Distortion Comparison .............................................................................................................................26
2-4-6 Frequency Measurements .........................................................................................................................27
2-4-7 Risetime Measurements ............................................................................................................................27
2-4-8 -3dB Bandwidth Measurement ..................................................................................................................28
........................................................................................................................................1
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1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1. INTRODUCTION
The LBO-516, shown in Figure 1-1, is a 100 MHz oscilloscope
with all of the features normally found on a lab-grade scope: highfidelity pulse response, stable operation, dual timebase with
calibrated sweep delay, flexible triggering facilities, and a bright
CRT display with illuminated internal graticule. Moreover, it also has
a very unusual feature found on few scopes in any price class: it can
simultaneously display up to eight traces from three different input
signals! In addition to the two vertical-input channels and their difference signal, the signal used to externally trigger the main timebase
can also appear on the CRT display. The alternate sweep mode,
which allows the main and delayed timebases to simultaneously
sweep the CRT, effectively doubles this four-trace display to an
eight-trace display.
The comprehensive triggering facilities of the LBO-516 include
several features that ease the problem of triggering on complex
signals: a variety of frequency-selective coupling filters, a trigger
holdoff-control, and a trigger pickoff that alternates between the two
vertical channels.
1-2. SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications for the model LBO-516 oscilloscope are given in
Table 1-1.
Table 1-1
SPECIFICATIONS
Vertical Amplifiers (Ch. 1 & 2)
Bandwidth (-3 dB)
DC coupled DC - 100 MHz
AC coupled 10 Hz - 100 MHz
Rise Time 3.5 KS
Deflection Coefficients
Accuracy 5 mV/div to 5 V/div in 10 calibrated
steps, 1-2-5 sequence. Continuously
variable between steps. XI0
magnification adds 0.5, 1, and 2
mV/div steps for frequencies below 5
MHz
Input Impedance -+3%; -+5% with Xl0magniflca-tion
1 megohm +-2%, 25 pF +-3 pF
Maximum Input Voltage 400 V (DC plus AC peak)
1
Signal Delay Leading edge displayed.
Leading edge displayed. CH-1 only, CH-2 only,
CH-1 & CH-2 displayed alternately,
CH-1 & CH-2 chopped (at 250
kHz rate),
CH-1 & CH-2 added, CH-1 &
CH-2 subtracted,
CH-1 & CH-2 & CH-3 displayed
alternately,
CH-1 & CH-2 & CH-3 chopped,
CH-1 & CH-2 & CH-3 & CH-1
+ CH-2 alternated,
CH-1 & CH-2 & CH-3 & CH-1
+ CH-2 chopped,
CH-1 & CH-2 & CH-3 & CH-1
- CH-2 alternated,
CH-1 & CH-2 & CH-3 & CH-1
- CH-2 chopped.
Common Mode Rejection 20dB at 20MHz
CH- 1 Output 25 mV/div into 50 ohms
Horizontal Amplifier (X-Y Mode)
Bandwidth (- 3 dB)
DC coupled DC - 3 MHz
AC coupled 10Hz - 3MHz
Rise Time 120 KS
Phase Shift <3° at 100 kHz
Deflection Coefficients 0.5 mV/div to 5 V/div in 13 calibrated
steps, 1-2-5 sequence, continuously
variable between steps
Accuracy +-3% for 5 mV/div to 5 V/div,
+-5% for 0.5 mV/div to 2 mV/div
Input Impedance 1 megohm -+2%, 25 pF +-3 pF
Maximum Input Voltage 400 V (DC plus AC peak)
Time-Base Generators
Display Modes Main timebase (TB) only,
Main TB intensified by delayed
TB,
Delayed timebase,
Main TB alternated with
delayed TB.
Main (A) Time Base 0.02 KS/div to 0.5 S/div in 23
calibrated steps, 1-2-5 sequence.
Continuously variable between steps.
Delayed (B) Time Base 0.2 PS/div to 50 mS/div in 20
calibrated steps, 1-2-5 sequence.
Magnifier XI0 deflection increase at any TB
setting extends sweep speeds of main
and delayed TB's to 2 KS/div.
Accuracy +- 3% unmagnified
+- 5% magnified
Delay Time Continuously variable multiplier with
1000 divisions.
Delayed TB Jitter 1/20,000
Trigger Circuits
Sources CH-l, CH-2, Alternate, Line, External
Modes Auto, Normal, Single-shot
Coupling AC, DC, HF reject, TV vertical, TV
horizontal
Slope + orHoldoff Normal, Variable (to greater than
one sweep), B ends A
Sensitivity
Internal Trigger DC – 10 MHz: 0.4div
External Trigger DC - 10MHz: 100mV
External Trigger Amplifier (Ch. 3)
Bandwidth (-3 dB)
DC coupled DC - 100 MHz
AC coupled 10Hz- l00 MHz
Rise Time 3.5 KS
Deflection Coefficients 0.2 V/div and 2 V/div
Accuracy +-3%
Input Impedance 1 megohm +-2%, 30 pF
Maximum Input Voltage 400 V (DC plus AC peak)
Z-Axis Modulation
Level for Blanking Standard TTL high (+ 2 to + 5V)
Coupling DC
Maximum Input Voltage 50 Vp-p
Input Impedance 10k:
Bandwidth DC-5 MHz
Calibrator
Output Voltage 500 m Vp-p--+ 2%, positive-going,
Frequency 1 kHz nominal
Waveform Fast-rise rectangular wave
CRT Display
Phosphor P31 (P39 optional)
Accelerating Potential 20 kV/2kV
Graticule Internal 1 cm square divisions, 8 div
Graticule Illumination Continuously variable
Trace Adjustments on Rotation, focus, intensity,
Front Panel B intensity
Other Features
"Out-of-Calibration"
Indicator
Other Indicators Main timebase triggered
Power Requirements
Line Voltage 100/120/200 VAC 220/240 VAC
Line Frequency 50-60 Hz
Power Consumption 55W
Physical & Environmental Data
Case Size (WxHxD) 12.3 x 5.8 x 16 inches
305 x 145 x 400 mm
Overall Size (WxHxD), 13.75 x 7.25 x 18.5 inches
handle folded back 350 x 185 x 470 mm
10 - 100 MHz: 1.5 divs
10 - 100 MHz: 400mV
ground referenced
high, 10 div wide.
Central axis subdivided into 0.2 cm
graduations.
Main timebase
Single-shot ready
Power on
2
S
1
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Weight 20.9 lbs, 9.5 kg
Ambient Operating 0-40°C (32-104°F) maximum
Temperature 15-35°C (60-95°F) for guaranteed
specs
Vibration Tolerance 2 mmp-p displacement at 12-33 Hz
and 33-35 Hz
Shock Tolerance 30g
Accessories
Supplied Instruction Manual
Two (2) LP- 100X probes
Two (2) BNC-to-post adaptors
Optional LP-2017 Probe Pouch
LC-2016 Protective Front Cover
LR-2402 Rack Mount Adaptor
LH-2015 Hood
Specifications for the model LP-100X scope probe are given in
Table 1-2.
2. OPERATING INSTRUCTION
This section contains the information needed to operate the
LBO-516 and utilize it in a variety of basic and advanced
measurement procedures. Included are the identification and function
of controls, connectors, and indicators, initial startup procedures,
basic operating routines, and selected measurement applications.
2-1. FUNCTION OF CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, AND
INDICATORS
Before turning on
controls, connectors, indicators, and other features described in this
section. The descriptions given below are keyed to the items called
out in Figures 2-1 to 2-4.
2-1-1 Display Block
Refer to Figure 2-1 for reference (1) to (9).
POWER switch Push in to turn instrument power on
POWER lamp Lamp lights when power is on
A INTEN control To adjust the overall brightness of the
B INTEN control Provides adjustment of CRT brightness
FOCUS control To attain maximum trace sharpness.
ROTATION control Provides screwdriver adjustment of
this instrument, familiarize yourself with the
and off
CRT display. Clockwise rotation
increases brightness
during INTEN BY B interval and B
timebase sweeps
Astigmatism is automatically adjusted.
horizontal trace alignment with regard
to the CRT graticule lines
Table 1-2
Attenuation Ratio 10:1 +-2% and 1:1, switch
selectable
Input Impedance
10X attenuation 10 megohms, 12 pF +
1X attenuation Scope input Z plus < 150 pF
Rise Time (10X atten.) 3.5 KS nominal
Overshoot & Ringing <10%
(10X atten.)
Bandwidth
10X attenuation DC- 100MHz
1X attenuation DC - 6 MHz
Maximum Input Voltage 600 V (DC plus AC peak)
Ambient Operating
Temperature
Maximum - 10 to + 55°C
For guaranteed
Specifications +5 to +35°C
Ambient Humidity
Maximum 40 to 90%
For guaranteed
Specifications 45 to 85%
CRT Display device having 1 cm square
ILLUM control To adjust graticule illumination.
Clockwise rotation increases
brightness
CAL connector Provides fast-rise waveform of precise
LP-100X SPECIFICATIONS
10%
graticule lines inscribed on the inner
CRT surface for parallax-free
measurements. Blue filter provides
good contrast and pleasing display.
amplitude for probe adjustment and
vertical amplifier calibration.
3
2-1-2 Vertical Amplifier Block
10
11 23 22 12
13 14
15
16 17 18 19 20 21
Refer to Figure 2-2 for references (10) to (12) and (14) to (23).
Refer to Figure 2-3 for reference (13).
VOLTS/DIV switches To select the calibrated deflection
factor of the input signals fed to the
vertical amplifier.
VARIABLEcontrols Provide continuously variable
adjustment of deflection factor between
steps of the VOLTS/DIV switches.
Calibrations are accurate only when the
VARIABLE controls are detented in
PULL X 10 MAG Pulling these out will increase the
(on VARIABLE sensitivity of the associated vertical
controls) amplifiers by ten times at reduced
Ground Connector Provides convenient point to attach
CH-1 OUTPUT Provides scaled output of the channel 1
Connector signal suitable for driving a frequency
CH- 1 or X-IN For applying an input signal to vertical
connector amplifier channel 1, or the X-axis
CH-2 or Y-IN For applying an input signal to vertical
connector amplifier 2, or the Y-axis (vertical)
AC/GND/DC To select the method of coupling the
switches input signals to the vertical amplifiers.
Channel 1 Vertical For vertically positioning trace 1 on the
POSITION control CRT screen. Clockwise rotation moves
Channel 2 Vertical or For vertically positioning trace 2 on the
Y POSITION control CRT screen. Clockwise rotation moves
CH-2 INV switch Push in to invert the polarity of the
X-Y switch Push in to select X-Y operation.
V MODE switches To select the vertical amplifier display
their fully clockwise positions.
bandwidth.
separate ground lead to oscilloscope.
counter or other instrument.
(horizontal) amplifier during X-Y
operation.
amplifier during X-Y operation.
AC position connects a capacitor
between the input connector and its
associated amplifier circuitry to block
any DC component in the input signal.
GND position connects the amplifier
input to ground instead of the input
connector, so a ground reference can be
established. DC position connects the
amplifier inputs directly to the
associated input connector, thereby
passing alt signal components on to the
amplifiers.
the trace up. Inoperative during X-Y
operation.
the trace up. Adjusts the Y-axis of the
trace during X-Y operation.
Channel 2 signal.
CH-1
mode.
the input signal of channel 1 on the
CRT when pressed
push-button displays only
Figure 2-2
Vertical Amplifier Block
CH-2
push-button displays only the input signal
of channel 2 on the CRT when pressed.
ALT
push-button displays the input signals of
both channels 1 and 2 (or more) on the CRT
when pressed. The CRT beam is switched
between channels at the end of each sweep to
achieve this multi-channel display.
CHOP
push-button displays the input signals of
both channels 1 and 2 (or more) on the CRT
when pressed. The CRT beam is switched
between channels at a 250 kHz rate during the
horizontal sweep to achieve this multi-channel
display.
ADD
push-button displays a single trace that is
the algebraic sum of the input signals of channels
1 and 2 when pressed.
PULL TRIPLE control When pulled, displays traces for CH-1,
CH-2, and CH-3 (trigger), providing
ALT or CHOP push-button is also
pressed. Rotating this control also
vertically positions the CH-3 trace on
the CRT screen. This control is not
operative if any single-trace display
mode is selected.
PULL QUAD control When pulled, displays traces for CH-l,
CH-2, CH-3 (trigger), and algebraic
sum of CH-1 and CH-2 signals,
providing ALT of CHOP pushbutton is
also pressed. This control is not
operative if any single-trace display
mode is selected.
4
2-1-3 Sweep and Trigger
24 32 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33
Refer to Figure 2-3 for reference (24) to (42).
ATIME/DIV and To select either the calibrated
DELAY TIME sweep of the main (A) time-base
switch or the delay time range for delayed sweep operation.
B TIME/DIV switch To select the calibrated sweep rate of
A VARIABLE/ Provides continuously variable
PULL X 10 MAG adjustment of sweep rate between steps
Control of the TIME/DIV switches. TIME/DIV
UNCAL lamp Indicates when the VARIABLE control
DLY TIME MULT To determine the exact starting point
control within the A time base delay range at
Horizontal POSITION To adjust the horizontal position of the
control traces displayed on the CRT.
X FINE Position To adjust the horizontal position of the
control CRT traces as described above, but has
HORIZ DISPLAY To select the sweep mode.
Switches
Blocks
the delayed (B) time base.
calibrations are accurate only when the
A VARIABLE control is detented in its
fully clockwise position. Pulling the
control out expands the horizontal
deflection by 10 times for X-Y
operation. The effective time-base
sweep rate is also increased by 10
times, making 2 nS per division the
highest sweep rate available.
is not detented as described above.
which the B timebase will begin
sweeping. The absolute delay time is
equal to the sweep time rate (A
TIME/DIV) multiplied by the DLY
TIME MULT.
Clockwise rotation moves the trace(s)
to the right. During X-Y operation, this
control must be used for X-axis
positioning.
less effect per degree of rotation. This
facilitates precise positioning when Xl0
magnification is used.
A push-button sweeps the CRT at the
main (A) timebase rate when pressed.
INTEN BY B push-button sweeps the
CRT at the main (A) time-base rate
when pressed, and the delayed (B)
time-base intensifies a section of the
trace(s). The location of the intensified
section is determined by the DLY
TIME
MULT control, and under some
circumstances also by the START
switch (32).
B push-button sweeps the CRT at the
rate selected by the B TIMEY DIV
switch, after a delay determined by the
A TIME/DIV switch and DLY TIME
MULT control.
The trace displayed over the full CRT
graticule width corresponds to the
intensified section of trace displayed
during INTEN BY B operation.
ALT push-button alternately sweeps
the CRT at the main (A) time-base and
delayed (B) time-base rates when
pressed. This results in twice as many
traces displayed on the CRT as are displayed during any of the sweep modes
described above.
START switch When pressed in (TRIG'D position),
causes the B sweep to be triggered by
the first trigger pulse occurring after the
delay time set by the DLY TIME
MULT control. In this position, the
delay time is adjustable only in whole
increments of the time between trigger
pulses.
When released (AFTER DELAY
position), causes the B sweep to start
immediately after the delay time set by
the DLY TIME MULT control. In this
position, the delay time is adjustable
with infinite resolution.
A/B TRACE SEP Permits adjustments of the distance
control between corresponding A and B traces
when the ALT sweep mode is selected.
5
SOURCE switch To select the signal used for A or B
34 36 37 35
36
38 39 40
time-base triggering.
CH-1 position selects the channel 1
signal for triggering. CH-2 position
selects the channel 2 signal for
triggering.
ALT position selects the triggering
mode that allows a stable display of
two asynchronous signals on the CRT.
Must be used in conjunction with the
ALT vertical mode.
LINE position (A only) selects a trigger
signal derived from the AC power line,
permitting the scope to display
stabilized line-related components of a
signal even though they may be very
small compared to other signal
components.
0.2 V/DIV position selects the full
signal applied to the EXT TRIG IN
connector.
2 V/DIV position selects an attenuated
sample of the signal applied to the EXT
TRIG IN connector.
CH-3 or EXT TRIG For applying an external signal to the
IN connector oscilloscope for triggering the A
timebase and/or displaying the channel
3 trace.
COUPLING switch To select the frequency characteristics
of the coupling to the trigger circuits.
DC position selects direct trigger
coupling so all components of the
trigger signal are applied to the trigger
circuit.
AC position inserts a large capacitor in
the trigger-coupling chain to remove
any DC components from the trigger
signal. AC signals below 10 Hz are also
attenuated, as is the case in all of the
trigger coupling modes listed below.
HF-REJ position inserts a filter in the
trigger-coupling chain that removes
signal components higher in frequency
than 35 kHz.
TV-V (A only) position inserts a
shaping filter (TV sync separator)
whose low-frequency output (vertical
sync pulses) is used for triggering. This
trigger mode will also pass and
differentiate waveforms in the 1-100
Hz range.
TV-H position inserts a shaping filter
(TV sync separator) whose highfrequency output (horizontal sync
pulses) is used for triggering. This
trigger mode will also pass and
differentiate waveforms in the 2-500
kHz range.
When triggered B sweep is selected as
the horizontal-display mode, and the
COUPLING switch is set to any
position other than TV-V, the A- and
B- time base trigger signals are
identical. However, when the
COUPLING switch is set to TV-V
during triggered B sweep, the TV-V
shaping filter is inserted only in the Atime base trigger signal. The trigger
signal fed to the B time base will be
shaped by the TV-H filter.
SWEEP MODE To select the triggering mode. AUTO
switches push-button allows sweep to flee-run
and display a base-line in the absence
of signal when pressed. Automatically
switches to triggered sweep mode when
signal of 20 Hz or higher is present and
other trigger controls are properly set.
NORM push-button produces sweep
only when signal is present and other
triggering controls are properly set. No
trace is visible if any trigger
requirement is missing.
SINGLE pushbutton disables recurrent
sweep operation when pressed. The
sweep generator can then be manually
reset before each sweep by depressing
this switch again. No trace is visible
before or after sweep occurs.
READY lamp Indicates when sweep generator is
armed for single-sweep operation.
Lamp is extinguished at start of sweep.
SLOPE switch Push-button selects the positive or
negative slope of the trigger signal for
initiating sweep. +position n causes
triggering on the positive-going edge or
slope of the trigger signal. - .position
causes triggering on the negative-going
edge or slope of the trigger signal.
LEVEL control Selects the amplitude level at which the
sweep is triggered. When rotated
clockwise (+ direction), the trigger
point moves towards the positive peak
of the trigger signal. When rotated
counterclockwise (- direction), the
trigger point moves towards the
negative peak of the trigger signal.
Pulling the HOLDOFF knob
(concentric to the LEVEL control)
selects PRESET level, a trigger point
near the zero-crossing point of the
trigger waveform.
6
TRIG'D lamp Indicates when the sweep generator is
41 42 46 47 48 43 44 45
being triggered.
HOLDOFF control Allows triggering on certain complex
signals by changing the hold-off (dead)
time of the main (A) sweep. This
avoids triggering on intermediate
trigger points within the repetition
cycle of the desired display. NORM is
a detented position at full CCW
rotation that is used for ordinary
signals.
B ENDS A is a detented position at full
clockwise rotation that increases the A
timebase repetition rate to the
maximum to improve the apparent
brightness of "short" duration (lowduty cycle) pulses in the delayed mode.
2-1-4 Miscellaneous
Refer to Figure 2-4 for references (43) to (48).
Z AXIS INPUT For applying signal to intensity
Connector modulate the CRT.
FUSE Receptacle permits quick fuse re-
placement without opening case
Power Connector Permits removal or replacement of AC
power cord.
Voltage Label Indicates the voltage of the oscil-
loscope's primary wiring.
Cord Caddy Provides a quick method of securing
the power cord, and supports the
oscilloscope for vertical operation.
Feet Supports the oscilloscope for shelf
mounting.
2-2. INITIAL OPERATION
Before the instrument is operated for the first time, perform the
following procedures in the order listed to ensure satisfaction and
prevent damage to the instrument.
2-2-1 Power Connections and Adjustments
The instrument is normally shipped wired for a 120-volt power
source but can be adapted to operate from power sources with - 10%
of the rated values given in Table 2-1. Operation with a voltage less
that t0% of the rated value may result in improper performance of the
instrument and a voltage more than 10% in excess of the rated value
may damage the power supply circuitry.
To check or alter the power-transformer wiring, proceed as
follows:
1. Disconnect the power cord from the Power Connector (45).
2. Remove the 14 Phillips-head screws around the periphery of the
top and bottom covers.
3. Remove the covers and carefully turn the LBO-516 upside
down.
7
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