Lantronix XPort User Manual

XPort™ User Guide

Part Number 900-270

Revision C 11/03

© 2003, Lantronix. All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be transmitted or reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of Lantronix. Printed in the United States of America.

XPort, with its patent-pending technology, is a trademark of Lantronix.

Ethernet is a trademark of XEROX Corporation. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows NT, and Windows XP are trademarks of Microsoft Corp. Netscape is a trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation.

Contacts

Lantronix Corporate Headquarters

15353 Barranca Parkway Irvine, CA 92618, USA Phone: 949-453-3990 Fax: 949-453-3995

Technical Support

Phone: 800-422-7044 or 949-453-7198 Fax: 949-450-7226 Online: E-mail

Sales Offices

For a current list of our domestic and international sales offices, go to the Lantronix web site at

www.lantronix.com/support support@lantronix.com

http://www.lantronix.com/about/contact/index.html

XPort™ User Guide i

Disclaimer and Revisions

Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference, in which case the user, at his or her own expense, will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct the interference.

Changes or modifications to this device not explicitly approved by Lantronix will void the user's authority to operate this device.

Attention: With the purchase of XPort™, the OEM agrees to an OEM

firmware license agreement that grants the OEM a non-exclusive, royaltyfree firmware license to use and distribute the binary firmware image provided, only to the extent necessary to use the XPort™ hardware. For further details, please see the XPort OEM firmware license agreement.

Date Rev. Comments

11/03 C Revised for v.1.5 of the firmware. We consolidated software documentation in

this user guide; hardware information is now in the XPort Integration Guide.

If you use a previous version of the firmware, go to the Lantronix FTP site at

ftp://ftp.lantronix.com/pub to find the earlier documentation.

ii XPort™ User Guide

Copyright and Trademark _________________________________________________ i Contacts ______________________________________________________________ i Disclaimer and Revisions _________________________________________________ii

1: Using This Guide 1-1

Purpose and Audience _________________________________________________ 1-1 Chapter Summary _____________________________________________________ 1-1 Additional Documentation _______________________________________________ 1-2

2: Introduction 2-1

Capabilities __________________________________________________________ 2-1 Applications __________________________________________________________ 2-1 Protocol Support ______________________________________________________ 2-2 Addresses and Port Numbers ____________________________________________ 2-2

Logon Methods _______________________________________________________ 2-3

Hardware Address _________________________________________________________ 2-2 IP Address________________________________________________________________ 2-2 Port Numbers _____________________________________________________________ 2-2

3: Getting Started 3-1

Required Information ___________________________________________________ 3-1

Hardware Address _________________________________________________________ 3-1 IP Address________________________________________________________________ 3-1

Using DeviceInstaller to Assign an IP Address _______________________________ 3-2

Installing DeviceInstaller _____________________________________________________ 3-2 Assigning an IP Address_____________________________________________________ 3-2

Using Web-Manager to Configure the Unit __________________________________ 3-3 Unit Configuration Settings ______________________________________________ 3-4 Server Properties______________________________________________________ 3-6 Port Properties________________________________________________________ 3-6

Serial Port Settings _________________________________________________________ 3-6 Connect Mode Settings______________________________________________________ 3-7 Dedicated Connection_______________________________________________________ 3-7 Flush Mode Input Buffer _____________________________________________________ 3-7 Packing Algorithm __________________________________________________________ 3-8 Additional Settings _________________________________________________________ 3-8

Factory Settings_______________________________________________________ 3-9 Update Settings _______________________________________________________ 3-9

4: Using Setup Mode for Configuration 4-1

Accessing Setup Mode _________________________________________________ 4-1

Using a Telnet Connection ___________________________________________________ 4-1 Using the Serial Port ________________________________________________________ 4-2

Server Configuration (Network Configuration)________________________________ 4-4

XPort™ User Guide iii

Contents

IP Address _______________________________________________________________ 4-4 Set Gateway IP Address ____________________________________________________ 4-4 Netmask: Number of Bits for Host Part _________________________________________ 4-4 Change Telnet Configuration Password ________________________________________ 4-4 DHCP Name______________________________________________________________ 4-5

Channel 1 Configuration (Serial Port Parameters)_____________________________4-5

Baudrate_________________________________________________________________ 4-5 I/F (Interface) Mode ________________________________________________________ 4-6 Flow ____________________________________________________________________ 4-6 Port Number ______________________________________________________________ 4-6 Connect Mode ____________________________________________________________ 4-7 Remote IP Address _______________________________________________________ 4-13 Remote Port _____________________________________________________________ 4-13 DisConnMode____________________________________________________________ 4-14 Flush Mode (Buffer Flushing)________________________________________________ 4-14 Pack Control_____________________________________________________________ 4-15 DisConnTime (Inactivity Timeout) ____________________________________________ 4-16 Send Characters _________________________________________________________ 4-16 Telnet Terminal Type ______________________________________________________ 4-16 Channel (Port) Password ___________________________________________________ 4-17

E-mail Settings_______________________________________________________4-17

E-mail Setup_____________________________________________________________ 4-17 Trigger Setup ____________________________________________________________ 4-18

Expert Settings_______________________________________________________ 4-18

TCP Keepalive time in seconds ______________________________________________ 4-18 ARP Cache timeout in seconds ______________________________________________ 4-18

Security Settings _____________________________________________________ 4-19

Disable SNMP ___________________________________________________________ 4-19 SNMP Community Name ___________________________________________________ 4-19 Disable Telnet Setup ______________________________________________________ 4-19 Disable TFTP Firmware Upgrade ____________________________________________ 4-19 Disable Port 77FE (Hex) ___________________________________________________ 4-20 Disable Web Server _______________________________________________________ 4-20 Disable ECHO Ports_______________________________________________________ 4-20 Enable Encryption ________________________________________________________ 4-20 Enable Enhanced Password ________________________________________________ 4-21 Disable Port 77F0 (Hex)____________________________________________________ 4-21

Factory Defaults______________________________________________________ 4-21

Channel 1 Configuration ___________________________________________________ 4-21 Expert Settings ___________________________________________________________ 4-21 Security Settings _________________________________________________________ 4-23 E-mail Settings ___________________________________________________________ 4-23

Exit Configuration Mode________________________________________________ 4-23

5: GPIO Interface 5-1

Configurable Pins______________________________________________________5-1

Features: ________________________________________________________________ 5-1

Control Protocol _______________________________________________________ 5-2

iv XPort™ User Guide

Contents

Guidelines ________________________________________________________________ 5-2 Commands _______________________________________________________________ 5-2

Examples____________________________________________________________ 5-5

6: Updating Firmware 6-1

Obtaining Firmware ____________________________________________________ 6-1 Reloading Firmware ___________________________________________________ 6-1

Using TFTP_______________________________________________________________ 6-1 Recovering the Firmware using the Serial Port ___________________________________ 6-2

7: Monitoring the Network 7-1

Entering Monitor Mode via the Serial Port _______________________________________ 7-1 Entering Monitor Mode via the Network Port _____________________________________ 7-1 Monitor Mode Commands____________________________________________________ 7-2

8: Troubleshooting 8-1

Problems and Error Messages ___________________________________________ 8-1 Technical Support _____________________________________________________ 8-4

9: IP Addresses 9-1

Components of the IP Address ___________________________________________ 9-1

Network Portion____________________________________________________________ 9-1 Subnet Portion ____________________________________________________________ 9-2 Host Portion ______________________________________________________________ 9-2

Network Address ______________________________________________________ 9-2 Broadcast Address ____________________________________________________ 9-2 IP Subnet Mask _______________________________________________________ 9-2 Private IP Networks and the Internet_______________________________________ 9-3 Network RFCs ________________________________________________________ 9-3 Alternative Ways to Assign an IP Address __________________________________ 9-4

DHCP ___________________________________________________________________ 9-4 AutoIP ___________________________________________________________________ 9-4 ARP and Telnet____________________________________________________________ 9-5

A: Binary to Hex Conversions A-2

Connect Mode Options _________________________________________________ A-3 Disconnect Mode Options _______________________________________________A-5 Flush Mode (Buffer Flushing) Options______________________________________ A-7 Interface Mode Options ________________________________________________ A-12 Pack Control Options__________________________________________________ A-12

B: Networking Terms B-1

XPort™ User Guide v

11:: UUssiinngg TThhiiss GGuuiiddee

Purpose and Audience

This guide provides the information needed to configure, use and update the XPort™ and is intended for software developers and system integrators who are embedding the XPort™ in their designs. The information in this guide is relevant to XPort with firmware version 1.5 and higher.

Chapter Summary

The remaining chapters in this guide include:

2:Introduction Describes the main features of the XPort and the protocols it

3:Getting Started

4:Using Setup Mode Provides instructions for accessing Setup Mode (command line

5:GPIO Interface Provides instructions for configuring the three General Purpose I/O

6:Updating Firmware Provides instructions for obtaining the latest firmware and updating

7:Monitoring the Network Provides instructions for accessing and using the command line

8:Troubleshooting Describes common problems and error messages and how to

9:IP Addresses Provides detailed information about IP addressing and the

A: Binary to Hex Conversion Provides tables for converting from binary numbers to the

supports.

Provides information for getting your unit up and running, using DeviceInstaller to assign an IP address, and Web-Manager to set parameters such as port and server properties.

interface) using a Telnet connection through the network or a terminal or terminal emulation program through the serial port. Details the parameters that you must configure.

pins (CP1-3).

the XPort.

interface for monitoring the network and diagnosing problems.

contact Lantronix Technical Support.

components of an IP address.

hexadecimal notation needed when setting some parameters.

B: Networking Terms Defines common networking terms.

XPort™ User Guide 1-1

Using This Guide

Additional Documentation

The following guides are available on the product CD and the Lantronix web site (

www.lantronix.com)

XPort Quick Start

XPort Integration Guide

DeviceInstaller User Guide

Com Port Redirector User Guide

Creating Custom Web Pages

Provides the steps for getting the XPort evaluation board up and running.

Provides information about the XPort hardware, testing the XPort using the evaluation board, and integrating the XPort into your product.

Provides instructions for using the Windows-

based utility to configure the XPort and other

Lantronix device servers.

Provides information on using the Windowsbased utility to create a virtual com port.

Explains the detailed requirements for adding web services to your XPort and to other Lantronix device servers.

1-2 XPort™ User Guide

22:: IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn

This chapter familiarizes you with what the XPort device server can do and some basic information you need to know before you get started.

Topic Page

Capabilities 2-1

Applications 2-1

Protocol Support 2-2

Addresses and Port Numbers 2-2

Logon Methods 2-3

Capabilities

The XPort device server has the following capabilities:

 Connects devices through a TCP data channel or through a Telnet

connection to computers or to another device server. The XPort can also send UDP datagrams.

 Contains a web [HTTP] server that allows presentation of custom content

and easy configuration through the browser.

 Has three programmable IO pins that can be used to monitor or control

attached devices.

Applications

The XPort device server connects serial devices such as those listed below to Ethernet networks using the IP protocol family.

 ATM machines  CNC controllers  Data collection devices  Universal Power Supply (UPS) management units  Telecommunications equipment  Data display devices  Security alarms and access control devices  Handheld instruments  Modems  Time/attendance clocks and terminals

XPort™ User Guide 2-1

Introduction

Protocol Support

The XPort device server uses the Internet Protocol (IP) for network communications. It uses the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to assure that no data is lost or duplicated, and that everything sent to the connection arrives correctly at the target.

Other supported protocols include:

 ARP, UDP, TCP, ICMP, Telnet, TFTP, AutoIP, DHCP, HTTP, and SNMP for

network communications and management.

 TCP, UDP, and Telnet for connections to the serial port.  TFTP for firmware and web page updates.  IP for addressing, routing, and data block handling over the network.  User Datagram Protocol (UDP) for typical datagram applications in which

devices interact with other devices without maintaining a point-to-point connection.

 SMTP for e-mail transmission.

Addresses and Port Numbers

Hardware Address

The hardware address is also referred to as the Ethernet address or the MAC address. The first three bytes of the Ethernet address are fixed and read 00-20-4A, identifying the unit as a Lantronix product. The fourth, fifth, and sixth bytes are unique numbers assigned to each unit.

Example: 00-20-4A-14-01-18

IP Address

Every device connected to an IP network must have a unique IP address. This address is used to reference the specific unit. (See 9:IP Addresses for further explanation of IP addresses.)

Port Numbers

Every TCP connection and every UDP datagram is defined by a destination IP address and a port number. For example, a Telnet application commonly uses port number 23. A port number is similar to an extension on a phone system.

The unit's serial channel (port) can be associated with a specific TCP/UDP port number. Port number 9999 is reserved for access to the unit's Setup (configuration) Mode window.

2-2 XPort™ User Guide

Logon Methods

For the unit to operate correctly on a network, it must have a unique IP address on the network. There are three basic methods for logging into the device server and assigning the IP address:

DeviceInstaller: You manually assign the IP address using a graphical user interface

(GUI) on a PC attached to a network. (See 3:Getting Started.)

Network Port Login: Make a Telnet connection to the network port (9999). (See

4:Using Setup Mode.)

Serial Port Login: Connect a terminal or a PC running a terminal emulation program to the unit’s serial port (CH 1). (See 4:Using Setup Mode.)

Introduction

XPort™ User Guide 2-3

33:: GGeettttiinngg SSttaarrtteedd

This chapter covers the steps for getting the XPort device server online and working. It includes the following topics:

Topic Page

Required Information 3-1

Using DeviceInstaller to Assign an IP Address 3-2

Using Web-Manager to Configure the Unit 3-3

Unit Configuration Settings 3-4

Server Properties 3-6

Port Properties 3-6

Factory Settings 3-9

Update Settings 3-9

Required Information

Hardware Address

You need to know the unit’s hardware address (also known as MAC address), which is on the product label. It is in the format: 00-20-4a-XX-XX-XX, where the XXs are unique numbers assigned to the product.

Hardware Address: 00-20-4a-_____-_____-_____

IP Address

Your XPort must have a unique IP address on your network. The systems administrator generally provides the IP address and corresponding subnet mask and gateway. The IP address must be within a valid range, unique to your network, and in the same subnet as your PC.

IP Address: _______ _______ _______ _______

Subnet Mask: _______ _______ _______ _______

Gateway: _______ _______ _______ _______

XPort™ User Guide 3-1

Getting Started

Using DeviceInstaller to Assign an IP Address

The unit’s IP address must be configured before it can work correctly on a network. You have several options for assigning an IP to your unit. We recommend that you manually assign the IP address over the network using DeviceInstaller software, which is on the product CD.

Note: For information about the other methods, see 9:IP Addresses. If you want to

use a serial connection instead of an Ethernet connection to configure the device, see Using the Serial Port on page 4-2.

Installing DeviceInstaller

1. Open DeviceInstaller on the CD-ROM.

If the CD does not launch automatically:

a. Click the Start button on the Task Bar and select Run. b. Enter your CD drive letter, colon, backslash, Launch.exe (e.g.,

D:\Launch.exe).

2. Respond to the installation wizard prompts.

Note: For more information about DeviceInstaller, see the DeviceInstaller User Guide

on the product CD and the DeviceInstaller help file.

Assigning an IP Address

The unit’s IP address is normally set to 0.0.0.0 at the factory. The hardware address is on the product label. The unit is DHCP enabled as the default.

To manually assign an IP address:

Click StartPrograms  LantronixDeviceInstallerDeviceInstaller. If your

PC has more than one network adapter, a message displays. Select an adapter

and click OK

Note: If the unit already has an IP address (e.g., DHCP has assigned an

IP address), click the Search icon and select the unit from the list of Lantronix device servers on the local network.

2. Click the Assign IP icon

3. If prompted, enter the hardware address (on the product label) and click Next.

4. Select Assign a specific IP address and click Next.

5. Enter the IP address. The Subnet mask displays automatically based on the IP

address; if desired, you may change it. On a local network, you can leave the

Default gateway blank (all zeros). Click Next.

6. Click the Assign pushbutton and wait several seconds until a confirmation message displays. Click Finish.

3-2 XPort™ User Guide

7. Select the XPort from the main window list and click ToolsPing. The results

display in the Status area. Click the Clear Status button to clear the window so

you can ping the device again.

Note: If you do not receive “Reply” messages, make sure the unit is

properly attached to the network and that the IP address assigned is valid for the particular network segment you are working with.

8. Click the Close pushbutton.

Using Web-Manager to Configure the Unit

You must configure the unit so that it can communicate on a network with your serial device. For example, you must set the way the unit will respond to serial and network traffic, how it will handle serial packets, and when to start or close a connection.

The unit’s configuration is stored in nonvolatile memory and is retained without power. You can change the configuration at any time. The unit performs a reset after you change and store the configuration.

In this chapter, we describe how you can configure the XPort using Web-Manager, Lantronix’s browser-based configuration tool. (For information on using Setup Mode, our command line configuration interface, see 4:Using Setup Mode on page 4-1. )

Getting Started

Note: The examples in this section show a typical device. Your device may

have different configuration options.

To configure the unit:

1. Open DeviceInstaller.

2. Click the Search icon

displays.

3. Select the unit and click the Web icon

Device menu.

The Lantronix Web-Manager window displays in your browser.

Note: You can also open your JAVA enabled web browser and enter the

IP address of the XPort to open Web-Manager.

. A list of Lantronix device servers on the network

, or select Web Pages from the

XPort™ User Guide 3-3

Getting Started

Figure 1-1. Lantronix Web-Manager

On the left, Web-Manager has the following menu options (pushbuttons):

 Unit Configuration  Server Properties  Port Properties  Factory Settings1  Update Settings  Select Channel

4. Use the Menu to navigate to sub pages where you can configure server settings.

5. When you are finished, click the Update Settings button to save your settings.

Notes:

 The next chapter, 4:Using Setup Mode, explains the configuration settings in

detail.

 You must use Setup Mode to configure e-mail, expert, and security settings.

You must use DeviceInstaller for the configurable pins’ settings.

Unit Configuration Settings

Click the Unit Configuration button to display the following page. This page contains

the Server Configuration and the Port Configuration settings. These are the current settings read from the device.

Note: The following examples represent typical web pages. See the

Lantronix web site for the latest version.

3-4

The following figure shows the information available on the Unit Configuration web page.

XPort™ User Guide

Figure 1-3. Unit Configuration Web Page

Getting Started

XPort™ User Guide 3-5

Getting Started

Server Properties

You can change the server properties by editing any of the fields. Holding the cursor over a field displays a help message for that field. If you change the IP address, you must enter the new IP address in the browser to reload the page.

In the Telnet Password field, enter a password to prevent unauthorized access to

the Setup Mode via a Telnet connection to port 9999. The password is limited to 4 characters. (An enhanced password setting of 16 characters is available under Security Settings on the Telnet Setup Mode window.)

Note: You do not need a password to access the Setup Mode window via a

serial connection.

Port Properties

Serial Port Settings

Serial Protocol

Speed Character Size Parity Stop Bit Flow Control

RS232

Note: RS-232 is the only available option for XPort.

300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200, 230400

8, 7

None, Even, Odd

1,2

None, XON/XOFF, XON/XOFF Pass Characters to Host, CTS/RTS (Hardware)

3-6 XPort™ User Guide

Connect Mode Settings

Getting Started

UDP Datagram Mode UDP Datagram Type Incoming Connection

Response Startup

Enable, Disable

User Selectable

Accept unconditional, Accept incoming/DTR, Never accept incoming

Nothing (quiet), Character Response

No Active Connection Startup, With Any Character, With a Specific Start Character, Manual Connection, Autostart, Modem Mode, With Active DTR

Dedicated Connection

Remote IP Address Remote Port Local Port

User selectable

User selectable (default 10001)

Flush Mode Input Buffer

On Active Connection On Passive Connection At Time To Disconnect

Enable, Disable

XPort™ User Guide 3-7

Getting Started

Packing Algorithm

Packing Algorithm Packing Interval

Trailing Characters Send Immediate After Sendchars Sendchar Define2-Byte

Sequence Send Character 01 Send Character 02

Additional Settings

Disconnect Mode Check for CTRL-D to

Disconnect Port Password Telnet Mode Inactivity Timeout Inactivity Timer Port Password

Ignore DTR, With DTR Drop

Enable, Disable

User Selectable

User selectable; Port Password must be enabled

Enable, Disable

Interval 12 ms, Interval 52 ms, Interval 250 ms, Interval 5000 ms

None, One, Two

Enable, Disable

User selectable

3-8 XPort™ User Guide

Factory Settings

Click the Factory Settings button to set the device server back to the factory default

settings.

Note: Factory Settings resets factory settings for the channel. This option

does not change the IP address, gateway, and subnet mask to the factory default values.

Update Settings

Click the Update Settings button to send all changed settings to the device.

Getting Started

XPort™ User Guide 3-9

44:: UUssiinngg SSeettuupp MMooddee ffoorr CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn

You must configure the unit so that it can communicate on a network with your serial device. You can configure it using a web browser, as described in 3:Getting Started, or locally or remotely using the following procedures:

 Use a Telnet connection to configure the unit over the network.  Use a terminal or terminal emulation program to access the serial port

locally.

The unit’s configuration is stored in nonvolatile memory and is retained without power. You can change the configuration at any time. The unit performs a reset after the configuration has been changed and stored.

Note: The menus in this section show a typical device. Your device may

have different configuration options.

This chapter includes the following topics:

Topic Page

Accessing Setup Mode 4-1

Server Configuration (Network Configuration) 4-4

Channel 1 Configuration (Serial Port Parameters) 4-5

E-mail Settings 4-17

Expert Settings 4-17

Security Settings 4-19

Factory Defaults 4-21

Exit Configuration Mode 4-23

Accessing Setup Mode

Using a Telnet Connection

To configure the unit over the network, establish a Telnet connection to port 9999.

Note: You can also use DeviceInstaller to access Telnet. Select the device

from the main window list, and click the Telnet icon Telnet icon on the DeviceInstaller toolbar, skip steps 1 and 2.

XPort™ User Guide 4-1

. If you use the

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

1. From the Windows Start menu, click Run and type the following command,

where x.x.x.x is the IP address, and 9999 is the unit’s fixed network configuration port number:

Note: Be sure to include a space between the IP address and 9999.

2. Click OK. The following information displays.

3. To enter the Setup Mode, press Enter within 5 seconds. The configuration

settings display, followed by the setup menu options.

Figure 4-2. Setup Menu Options

Change Setup: 0 Server configuration 1 Channel 1 configuration 3 E-mail settings 5 Expert settings 6 Security 7 Factory defaults 8 Exit without save 9 Save and exit Your choice ?

telnet x.x.x.x 9999

Figure 4-1. MAC Address

4. Select an option on the menu by entering the number of the option in the Your choice ? field and pressing Enter.

5. To enter a value for a parameter, type the value and press Enter, or to confirm a current value, just press Enter.

6. When you are finished, save the new configurations (option 9). The unit reboots.

Using the Serial Port

To initially configure the unit through a serial connection:

1. Connect a console terminal or PC running a terminal emulation program to your unit's serial port. The default serial port settings are 9600 baud, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control.

2. To enter Setup Mode, reset the unit, either by pushing the red reset button, or

cycling the unit's power (power off and back on). The self-test will begin. You have one second to enter three lowercase x characters (xxx).

Note: The easiest way to enter Setup Mode is to hold down the x key at

the terminal (or emulation) while resetting the unit.

3. At this point, the screen display is the same as when you use a Telnet connection. To continue, go to step 4 in Using a Telnet Connection on page 4-1.

4-2 XPort™ User Guide

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

The figure below shows all of the configuration parameters. The remainder of this chapter describes each parameter in detail.

Figure 4-4. Setup Mode Configuration Parameters

XPort™ User Guide 4-3

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

Server Configuration (Network Configuration)

The unit’s basic network parameters display when you select Server configuration (option 0). The IP Address, Set Gateway IP Address, and Netmask fields display

the current values.

Figure 4-6. Server Configuration Parameters

IP Address : (000) .(000) .(000) .(000) Set Gateway IP Address (N) Netmask: Number of Bits for Host Part (0=default) (0) Change telnet config password (N)

IP Address

The IP address must be set to a unique value in your network. (See 9:IP Addresses for more information.)

Set Gateway IP Address

The gateway address, or router, allows communication to other LAN segments. The gateway address should be the IP address of the router connected to the same LAN segment as the unit. The gateway address must be within the local network. The default is N (No), meaning the gateway address has not been set. To set the gateway

address, type Y and enter the address.

Netmask: Number of Bits for Host Part

A netmask defines the number of bits taken from the IP address that are assigned for the host section.

Note: Class A: 24 bits; Class B: 16 bits; Class C: 8 bits

The unit prompts for the number of host bits to be entered, then calculates the netmask, which displays in standard decimal-dot notation when the saved parameters are displayed (for example, 255.255.255.0).

Table 4-1. Standard IP Network Netmasks

Network Class Host Bits Netmask

A 24 255.0.0.0

B 16 255.255.0.0

C 8 255.255.255.0

Change Telnet Configuration Password

Setting the Telnet configuration password prevents unauthorized access to the setup menu via a Telnet connection to port 9999 or via web pages. The password must have 4 characters. An enhanced password setting (for Telnet access only) of 16 characters is available under Security Settings.

Note: You don’t need a password to access the Setup Mode window via a

serial connection.

4-4 XPort™ User Guide

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

DHCP Name

If a DHCP server has automatically assigned the IP address and network settings, you can discover the unit by using the DeviceInstaller network search feature.

There are three methods for assigning DHCP names to the unit.

 Default DHCP Name: If you do not change the DHCP name, and you are

using an IP of 0.0.0.0, then the DHCP name defaults to CXXXXXX (XXXXXX is the last 6 digits of the MAC address shown on the label on the bottom/side of the unit). For example, if the MAC address is 00-20-4A-12-34-56, then the default DHCP name is C123456.

 Custom DHCP Name: You can create your own DHCP name. If you are

using an IP address of 0.0.0.0, then the last option in Server configuration is

Change DHCP device name. This option allows you to change the DHCP

name to an alphanumeric name (LTX in our example).

Figure 4-8. Custom DHCP Name

Change DHCP device name (not set) ? (N) Y Enter new DHCP device name : LTX

 Numeric DHCP Name: You can change the DHCP name by specifying the

last octet of the IP address. When you use this method, the DHCP name is LTXYY where YY is what you chose for the last octet of the IP address. If the IP address you specify is 0.0.0.12, then the DHCP name is LTX12. This method only works with 2 digit numbers (0-99).

Channel 1 Configuration (Serial Port Parameters)

Using this option, define how the serial port will respond to network and serial communications.

Note: You must enter some values in hexadecimal notation. For information

on converting from binary to hexadecimal, see A::Binary to Hex Conversion.

Figure 4-10. Serial Port Parameters

Baudrate

The unit and attached serial device, such as a modem, must agree on a speed or baud rate to use for the serial connection. Valid baud rates are 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 (default), 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200, and 230400 bits per second.

XPort™ User Guide 4-5

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

I/F (Interface) Mode

The Interface (I/F) Mode is a bit-coded byte that you enter in hexadecimal notation.

Table 4-5. Interface Mode Options

I/F Mode Option 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

RS-232C

7 Bit 1 0

8 Bit 1 1

No Parity 0 0

Even Parity 1 1

Odd Parity 0 1

1 stop bit 0 1

2 stop bits

(1) 2 stop bits are implemented by the software. This might influence performance.

(1)

0 0

1 1

Note: If you attempt to select an I/F Mode bit that pertains to RS-422/485, a

WARNING: RS-422/485 I/F Modes not supported message displays.

The following table demonstrates how to build some common Interface Mode settings:

Table 4-8. Common Interface Mode Settings

Common I/F Mode Setting Binary Hex

RS-232C, 8-bit, No Parity, 1 stop bit 0100 1100 4C

RS-232C, 7-bit, Even Parity, 1 stop bit 0111 1000 78

Flow

Flow control sets the local handshaking method for stopping serial input/output. Generally, flow control is not required if the connection is used to pass a blocked protocol with block sizes less than 1k (ACK/NAK) and/or speeds of 19200 or less. Use the following table to select flow control options:

Table 4-11. Flow Control Options

Flow Control Option Hex

No flow control 00

XON/XOFF flow control 01

Hardware handshake with RTS/CTS lines 02

XON/XOFF pass characters to host 05

Port Number

The setting represents the source port number in TCP connections. It is the number that identifies the channel for remote initiating connections. The default setting for Port 1 is 10001. The range is 1-65535, except for the following reserved port numbers:

4-6 XPort™ User Guide

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

Table 4-14. Reserved Port Numbers

Port Numbers Reserved for

1 – 1024 Reserved (well known ports)

9999 Telnet setup

14000-14009 Reserved for Redirector

30704 Reserved (77F0h)

30718 Reserved (77FEh)

Note: We recommend that you not use the reserved port numbers for

this setting as incorrect operation may result.

The port number functions as the TCP/UDP source port number for outgoing packets. Packets sent to the unit with this port number are received to this channel. The port number selected is the Incoming TCP/UDP port and Outgoing TCP/UDP source port. Use Port 0 when you want the outgoing source port to change with each connection.

If the port number is 0, the initial value of 5000 actively establishes a connection. Each subsequent connection increments the number by 1. When the port number reaches 7999, it wraps around to 5000.

Only use the automatic port increment feature to initiate a connection using TCP. Set the port a non-zero value when the unit is in a passive mode or when you are using UDP instead of TCP.

Connect Mode

Connect Mode defines how the unit makes a connection, and how it reacts to incoming connections over the network. Enter Connect Mode options in hexadecimal notation.

Table 4-15. Connect Mode Options

Connect Mode Option 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Incoming Connection

Never accept incoming 0 0 0

Accept with DTR Active 0 1 0

Always Accept 1 1 0

Response

Nothing (quiet) 0

Character response (C=connect, D=disconnect, N=unreachable)

Active Startup

No active startup 0 0 0 0

With any character 0 0 0 1

With DTR Active 0 0 1 0

XPort™ User Guide 4-7

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

Connect Mode Option 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

With a specific start character 0 0 1 1

Manual connection 0 1 0 0

Autostart 0 1 0 1

Hostlist 0 0 1 0

Datagram Type

Directed UDP 1 1 0 0

Modem Mode

Full Verbose 1 0 1 1 0

Without Echo 0 0 1 1 0

Numeric modem result codes 1 0 1 1 1

Incoming Connection

Never Accept Incoming Accept with DTR Active

Always Accept

Rejects all external connection attempts.

Accepts external connection requests only when the DTR input is asserted. Cannot be used with Modem Mode.

Accepts any incoming connection when a connection is not already established. Default setting.

Response

Character Response

No Active Startup

With Any Character

With DTR Active

With a Specific Start Character

A single character is transmitted to the serial port when there is a change in connection state: C = connected, D = disconnected, N = host unreachable. This option is overridden when the Active Start Modem Mode or Active Start Host List is in effect. Default setting is Nothing (quiet).

Does not attempt to initiate a connection under any

circumstance. Default setting.

Attempts to connect when any character is received from the serial port.

Attempts to connect when the DTR input changes from not asserted to asserted.

Attempts to connect when it receives a specific start character from the serial port. The default start character is carriage return.

4-8 XPort™ User Guide

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

Manual Connection

Attempts to connect when directed by a command string received from the serial port. The first character of the command

string must be a C (ASCII 0x43), and the last character must be

either a carriage return (ASCII 0x0D) or a line feed (0x0A). No blanks or space characters may be in the command string. Between the first and last command string characters must be a full or partial destination IP address and may be a destination port number.

The IP address must be in standard dot-decimal notation and may be a partial address, representing the least significant 1, 2, or 3 bytes of the remote IP address. The period is required between each pair of IP address numbers.

If present, the port number must follow the IP address, must be presented as a decimal number in the range 1-65535, and must be preceded by a forward slash (ASCII 0x2F). The slash separates the IP address and the port number. If you omit the port number from a command string, the internally stored remote port number starts a connection.

If a partial IP address is presented in a command string, it is interpreted to be the least significant bytes of the IP address and uses the internally stored remote IP address to provide the most significant bytes of the IP address. If the IP address entered is

0.0.0.0/0, the device server enters Monitor Mode.

For example, if the remote IP address already configured in the unit is 129.1.2.3, then an example command string would be C3/7. (This would connect to 129.1.2.3 and port 7.) You may also use a different ending for the connection string. For example, C50.1/23 would connect you to 129.1.50.1 and port 23.

Table 4-18. Manual Connection Address Example

Command String Result if remote IP is 129.1.2.3 and remote port is 1234

C121.2.4.5/1 Complete override; connection is started with host 121.2.4.5, port 1

C5 Connect to 129.1.2.5, port 1234

C28.10/12 Connect to 129.1.28.10, port 12

C0.0.0.0/0 Connect to 129.1.28.10, port 12; enter Monitor Mode

Autostart (Automatic Connection)

Hostlist

If you enable autostart, the unit automatically connects to the remote IP address and remote port specified when the firmware starts.

If you enable this option, the device server scrolls through the hostlist until it connects to a device listed in the hostlist table. Once it connects, the unit stops trying to connect to any others. If this connection fails, the unit continues to scroll through the table until it is able to connect to another IP in the hostlist.

Hostlist supports a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 12 entries. Each entry contains the IP address and the port number. The hostlist is disabled for Manual Mode and for Modem Mode. The unit will not accept a data connection from a remote device when the hostlist option is enabled.

XPort™ User Guide 4-9

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

Change Setup: 0 Server configuration 1 Channel 1 configuration 3 E-mail settings 5 Expert settings 6 Security 7 Factory defaults 8 Exit without save 9 Save and exit Your choice ? 1

Baudrate (9600) ? I/F Mode (4C) ? Flow (00) ? Port No (10001) ? ConnectMode (C0) ?25

Hostlist :

No Entry !

Change Hostlist ? (N) Y

01. IP address : (000) 172.(000) 19.(000) 0.(000) 1 Port : (0) ?23

02. IP address : (000) 172.(000) 19.(000) 0.(000) 2 Port : (0) ?3001

03. IP address : (000) 172.(000) 19.(000) 0.(000) 3 Port : (0) ?10001

04. IP address : (000) .(000) .(000) .(000)

Hostlist :

01. IP : 172.019.000.001 Port : 00023

02. IP : 172.019.000.002 Port : 03001

03. IP : 172.019.000.003 Port : 10001

Change Hostlist ? (N) N

Hostlist Retrycounter (3) ? Hostlist Retrytimeout (250) ? DisConnMode (00) ? FlushMode (00) ? DisConnTime (00:00) ?: SendChar 1 (00) ? SendChar 2 (00) ?

Figure 4-12. Hostlist Option

To enable the hostlist:

1. Enter a Connect Mode of 0x20 (2X), where X is any digit. The menu shows you

a list of current entries already defined in the product.

2. To delete, modify, or add an entry, select Yes. If you enter an IP address of

0.0.0.0, that entry and all others after it are deleted.

3. After completing the hostlist, repeat the previous step if necessary to edit the hostlist again.

4. For Retrycounter, enter the number of times the Lantronix unit should try to

make a good network connection to a hostlist entry that it has successfully ARPed. The range is 1-15, with the default set to 3.

4-10 XPort™ User Guide

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

5. For Retrytimeout, enter the number of seconds the unit should wait before

failing an attempted connection. The time is stored as units of milliseconds in the range of 1-65535. The default is 250.

Datagram Type

Directed UDP

When selecting this option, you are prompted for the Datagram type.

Enter 01 for directed or broadcast UDP.

When the UDP option is in effect, the unit never attempts to initiate a TCP connection because it uses UDP datagrams to send and receive data.

Modem Mode

In Modem (Emulation) Mode, the unit presents a modem interface to the attached serial device. It accepts AT-style modem commands, and handles the modem signals correctly.

Normally, there is a modem connected to a local PC and a modem connected to a remote machine. A user must dial from the local PC to the remote machine, accumulating phone charges for each connection. Modem Mode allows you to replace modems with XPorts, and to use an Ethernet connection instead of a phone call. By not having to change communications applications, you avoid potentially expensive phone calls.

To select Modem Mode, set the Connect Mode to C6 (no echo), D6 (echo with full verbose), or D7 (echo with 1-character response).

Note: If the unit is in Modem Mode, and the serial port is idle, the unit can

still accept network TCP connections to the serial port if Connect Mode is set to C6 (no echo), D6 (echo with full verbose), or D7 (echo with 1-character response).

Without Echo

Full Verbose

1-Character Response

In Modem Mode, echo refers to the echo of all of the characters

entered in command mode; it does not mean to echo data that is transferred. Quiet Mode (without echo) refers to the modem not

sending an answer to the commands received (or displaying what was typed).

The unit echoes modem commands and responds to a command with a message string shown in the table below.

The unit echoes modem commands and responds to a command with a single character response.

XPort™ User Guide 4-11

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

Message Meaning

Full Verbose

OK Command was executed without error.

CONNECT A network connection has been established.

NO CARRIER A network connection has been closed.

RING n.n.n.n.

1-Character Response

0 OK

1 Connected

2 Ring

3 No Carrier

4 Error

Received commands must begin with the two-character sequence AT and be

terminated with a carriage return character.

Table 4-21. Modem Mode Messages

A remote device, having IP address n.n.n.n, is connecting to this device.

The unit ignores any character sequence received not starting with AT, and only

recognizes and processes single AT-style commands. The unit treats compound AT commands as unrecognized commands.

If the Full Verbose option is in effect, the unit responds to an unrecognized command string that is otherwise formatted correctly (begins with AT and ends with carriage

return) with the OK message and takes no further action.

If the 1-Character Response option is in effect, the unit responds to an unrecognized

command string that is otherwise formatted correctly with OK and takes no further

action.

When an active connection is in effect, the unit transfers data and does not process commands received from the serial interface.

When a connection is terminated or lost, the unit reverts to command mode.

When an active connection is in effect, the unit terminates the connection if it receives the following sequence from the attached serial device:

 No serial data is received for one second.  The character sequence +++ is received, with no more than one second

between each two characters.

 No serial data is received for one second after the last + character. At this

time, the unit responds affirmatively per the selected echo/response mode.

 The character string ATH is received, terminated with a carriage return. The

unit responds affirmatively according to the selected echo/response mode and drops the network connection. The serial interface reverts to accepting command strings.

If this sequence is not followed, the unit remains in data transfer mode.

4-12 XPort™ User Guide

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

Table 4-24. Modem Mode Commands

Modem Mode

Function

Command

ATDTx.x.x.x,pppp or ATDTx.x.x.x/pppp

ATDTx.x.x.x

ATD0.0.0.0

ATD

ATDx.x.x.x

ATH Hangs up the connection (Entered as +++ATH ).

Makes a connection to an IP address (x.x.x.x) and a remote port number (pppp).

Makes a connection to an IP address (x.x.x.x) and the remote port number defined within the unit.

Forces the unit into Monitor Mode if a remote IP address and port number are defined within the unit.

Forces the unit into Monitor Mode if a remote IP address and port number are not defined within the unit.

Makes a connection to an IP address (x.x.x.x) and the remote port number defined within the unit.

Enables or disables connections from the network going to the serial port.

n=0 disables the ability to make a connection from the network to

ATS0=n

the serial port.

n=1-9 enables the ability to make a connection from the network

to the serial port.

n>1-9 is invalid.

Enables or disables character echo and responses.

ATEn

ATVn

n=0 disables character echo and responses. n=1 enables character echo and responses.

Enables 1-character response or full verbose. n=0 enables 1-character response. n=1 enables full verbose.

Note: The unit recognizes these AT commands as single commands such as

ATE0 or ATV1; it does not recognize compound commands such as ATE0V.

Remote IP Address

This is the destination IP address used with an outgoing connection.

Remote Port

You must set the remote TCP port number for the unit to make outgoing connections. This parameter defines the port number on the target host to which a connection is attempted.

Note: To connect an ASCII terminal to a host using the unit for login

purposes, use the remote port number 23 (Internet standard port number for Telnet services).

XPort™ User Guide 4-13

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

DisConnMode

This setting determines the conditions under which the unit will cause a network connection to terminate.

Note: In DisConnMode (Disconnect Mode), DTR drop either drops the connection or

is ignored.

Table 4-27. Disconnect Mode Options

Disconnect Mode Option 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Disconnect with DTR drop

Ignore DTR 0

(6)

Telnet mode and terminal type

(1)

setup

Channel (port) password

Hard disconnect

(3)

(2)

Disable hard disconnect 1

State LED off with connection

Disconnect with EOT (^D)

(1) The XPort sends the "Terminal Type" upon an outgoing connection. (2) A password is required for a connection to the serial port from the network. (3) The TCP connection closes even if the remote site does not acknowledge the disconnection. (4) When there is a network connection to or from the serial port, the state LED turns off instead of blinking. (5) When Ctrl D or Hex 04 is detected, the connection is dropped. Both Telnet mode and Disconnect with

EOT must be enabled for Disconnect with EOT to function properly. Ctrl D is only detected going from the serial port to the network.

(6) When DTR transitions from a high state to a low state, the network connection to or from the serial port

drops.

(4)

(5)

Flush Mode (Buffer Flushing)

Using this parameter, you can control line handling and network buffers with connection startup and disconnect. You can also select between two different packing algorithms.

4-14 XPort™ User Guide

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

Table 4-30. Flush Mode Options

Function 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Input Buffer (Serial to Network)

Clear with a connection that is initiated from the device to the network

Clear with a connection initiated from the network to the device

Clear when the network connection to or from the device is disconnected

Output Buffer (Network to Serial)

Clear with a connection that is initiated from the device to the network

Clear with a connection initiated from the network to the device

Clear when the network connection to or from the device is disconnected

Alternate Packing Algorithm (Pack Control)

Enable 1

Pack Control

Two firmware-selectable packing algorithms define how and when packets are sent to the network. The standard algorithm is optimized for applications in which the unit is used in a local environment, allowing for very small delays for single characters, while keeping the packet count low. The alternate packing algorithm minimizes the packet count on the network and is especially useful in applications in a routed Wide Area Network (WAN). Adjusting parameters in this mode can economize the network data stream.

Pack control settings are enabled in Flush Mode. Set this value to 00 if you do not need specific functions.

Table 4-33. Pack Control Options

Option 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Packing Interval

Interval: 12ms 0 0

Interval: 52ms 0 1

Interval: 250ms 1 0

Interval: 5sec 1 1

Trailing Characters

None 0 0

One 0 1

Two 1 0

XPort™ User Guide 4-15

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

Option 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Send Characters

2-Byte Send Character Sequence

Send Immediately After Send chars

Packing Interval: Packing Interval defines how long the unit should wait before

sending accumulated characters. This wait period is between successive network segments containing data. For alternate packing, the default interval is 12 ms.

Trailing Characters: In some applications, CRC, Checksum, or other trailing

characters follow the end-of-sequence character; this option helps to adapt frame transmission to the frame boundary.

Send Characters:

 If 2-Byte Send Character Sequence is enabled, the unit interprets the

sendchars as a 2-byte sequence; if this option is not enabled, the unit interprets them independently.

 If Send Immediately After Characters is not set, any characters already in the

serial buffer are included in the transmission after a "transmit" condition is found. If this option is set, the unit sends immediately after recognizing the transmit condition (sendchar or timeout).

Note: A transmission might occur if status information needs to be

exchanged or an acknowledgment needs to be sent.

DisConnTime (Inactivity Timeout)

Use this parameter to set an inactivity timeout. The unit drops the connection if there is no activity on the serial line before the set time expires. Enter time in the format

mm:ss, where m is the number of minutes and s is the number of seconds. To disable the inactivity timeout, enter 00:00. Range is 0 (disabled) to 5999 seconds (99

minutes, 59 seconds). Default is 0.

Send Characters

You can enter up to two characters in hexadecimal representation in "sendchar." If the unit receives a character on the serial line that matches one of these characters, it sends the character immediately, along with any awaiting characters, to the TCP connection. This action minimizes the response time for specific protocol characters

on the serial line (for example, ETX, EOT). Setting the first sendchar to 00 disables

the recognition of the characters. Alternatively, the unit can interpret two characters

as a sequence (see Pack Control on page 4-15).

Telnet Terminal Type

This parameter displays only if you enabled the terminal type option in Disconnect Mode. If this option is enabled, you can use the terminal name for the Telnet terminal type. Enter only one name.

If the terminal type option is enabled, the unit also reacts to the EOR (end of record) and binary options, which can be used for applications like terminal emulation to IBM hosts.

4-16 XPort™ User Guide

Channel (Port) Password

This parameter appears only if the channel (port) password option is enabled in Disconnect Mode. If the option is enabled, you can set a password on the serial port.

E-mail Settings

Note: You can change these settings via Telnet or serial connections only,

not on the Web-Manager. To configure e-mail settings via DeviceInstaller, see E-mail Notification in the DeviceInstaller User Guide on the CD.

The unit can send an e-mail to multiple recipients when a specific trigger event occurs. There are three separate triggers, based on any combination of the configurable pins (PIO) when selected as user I/O functions. You can also use a twobyte serial string to initiate a trigger.

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

Figure 4-14. E-mail Settings

E-mail Setup

E-mail setup requires you to set up the e-mail server location as follows:

Mail server Unit Domain Recipient 1 Recipient 2

XPort™ User Guide 4-17

The IP address in decimal-dot notation.

The user name used by the XPort to send e-mail messages.

The domain name of your e-mail server.

Full e-mail address of the recipient.

Full e-mail address of the second recipient.

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

Trigger Setup

A trigger event can occur when the unit receives two bytes of a specified sequence on the serial port, or because of a specified combination of conditions on the configurable pins.

If the serial sequence is set to 00,00, the trigger is disabled. At the Serial Sequence

prompt, enter the ASCII Hex value. Example: A two byte sequence of 12 would be 0x31, 0x32.

If the configurable pins are all set to X (Don’t Care), then they are disabled. If both

the serial sequence and the configurable pins are disabled, the trigger is disabled.

Note: You can set the configurable pins to A = Active, I = Inactive, or X =

Don’t Care. Active can mean Active Low or Active High. To change the configurable pins’ settings, you must use DeviceInstaller or send setup records to Port 77FE.

Message Priority Min. notification

interval

Re-notification interval

Each trigger is independent of the others. Each condition within an individual trigger must be met before the unit will send the e-mail.

Expert Settings

Note: You can change these settings via Telnet or serial connections only,

not on the Web-Manager.

Caution: Only an expert should change these parameters. You must

definitely know the consequences the changes might have.

TCP Keepalive time in s (1s – 65s; 0s=disable)

ARP Cache timeout in s (1s – 600s)

The subject line of the e-mail.

L is for normal priority; H is for high priority.

The minimum time allowed between individual triggers. If a trigger event occurs faster than the minimum interval, the unit ignores the trigger.

If a single trigger event stays asserted, then the unit sends an e-mail message at this time interval.

(45)

(600)

TCP Keepalive time in seconds

This option allows you to change how many seconds the unit will wait during a silent connection before attempting to see if the currently connected network device is still on the network. If the unit then gets no response, it drops that connection.

ARP Cache timeout in seconds

Whenever the unit communicates with another device on the network, it adds an entry into its ARP table. The ARP Cache timeout option allows you to define how many seconds (1-600) the unit will wait before timing out this table.

4-18 XPort™ User Guide

Security Settings

You can change security settings via Telnet or serial connections only, not on the

Web-Manager. We recommend that you set security over the dedicated network or over the serial setup. If you set parameters over the network (Telnet 9999),

someone else could capture these settings.

Caution: Disabling both Telnet Setup and Port 77FE will prevent users from

accessing the setup menu from the network.

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

Figure 4-16. Security Settings

Disable SNMP

This setting allows you to disable the SNMP protocol on the unit for security reasons.

SNMP Community Name

This setting allows you to change the SNMP community name. Community name is a

required field for NMS to read or write to a device. The default setting is public. The

name is a string of 1 to 13 characters.

Disable Telnet Setup

Note: If you choose to disable this option, keep in mind that disabling both

Telnet Setup and Port 77FE will prevent users from accessing the setup menu from the network.

This setting defaults to the N (No) option. The Y (Yes) option disables access to Setup Mode by Telnet (port 9999). It only allows access locally via the web pages and the serial port of the unit.

Disable TFTP Firmware Upgrade

This setting defaults to the N (No) option. The Y (Yes) option disables the use of TFTP to perform network firmware upgrades. With this option, you can download firmware upgrades over the serial port using DeviceInstaller’s Recover Firmware procedure. (See Recovering the Firmware using the Serial Port on 6-2.)

XPort™ User Guide 4-19

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

Disable Port 77FE (Hex)

Note: If you choose to disable this option, keep in mind that disabling both

Telnet Setup and Port 77FE will prevent users from accessing the setup menu from the network.

Port 77FE is a setting that allows DeviceInstaller, Web-Manager, and custom programs to configure the unit remotely. You may wish to disable this capability for security purposes.

The default setting is the N (No) option, which enables remote configuration. You can configure the unit by using DeviceInstaller, web pages, Telnet, or serial configuration.

The Y (Yes) option disables remote configuration and web sites.

Note: The Y (Yes) option disables many of the GUI tools for configuring the

unit, including the embedded Web-Manager tool.

Disable Web Server

This setting defaults to the N (option). The Y (Yes) option disables the web server.

Disable ECHO Ports

This setting controls whether the serial port echoes characters it receives.

Enable Encryption

This option displays only if you purchased the encrypted version of the Lantronix

XPort. You can enable or disable (default) Rijndael encryption. Rijndael is the block cipher algorithm recently chosen by the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to be used by the US government.

To enable encryption, select the key length (128, 192 or 256 bits) and enter the encryption key in hexadecimals (32, 48, or 64, respectively). The hexadecimals are echoed as asterisks to prevent onlookers from seeing the key.

Figure 4-18. Encryption Keys

Encryption only applies to the port selected for tunneling (default 10001), regardless of whether you are using TCP or UDP.

Generally, one of two situations applies.

 Encrypted XPort-to-XPort communication (and in the future, XPort

communication to other Lantronix device servers) is supported without extra

effort.

 The XPort uses standard AES encryption protocols. To communicate

successfully, products and applications on the peer side must use the same protocols and the same shared key as the XPort. To ease the development process, Lantronix provides an AES encryption DLL for Windows and protocol source code samples. See the document entitled

Encryption

4-20 XPort™ User Guide

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

Enabling Your Serial Device on the Lantronix web site (www.lantronix.com)

for more instructions and sample code.

The following export agreement is required for the optional encryption:

I agree that I will not export or re-export this software file to a national resident of Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Sudan, Syria or any other country to which the United States has embargoed goods; or to anyone on the US Treasury Department's list of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons, US Commerce Department's Table of Denial Orders and Entitles List, or the US State Department's Debarred List. By receiving this software, I am agreeing to the foregoing and I am representing and warranting that I am not located in, under the control of, or a national or resident of any such country or on any such list.

Enable Enhanced Password

This setting defaults to the N (option), which allows you to set a 4-character password that protects Setup Mode by means of Telnet and web pages. The Y (Yes) option allows you to set an extended security password of 16-characters for protecting Telnet access.

Disable Port 77F0 (Hex)

Port 77F0 is a setting that allows a custom application to query or set the three XPort configurable pins when they are functioning as general purpose I/O (GPIO). You may want to disable this capability for security purposes. The default setting is the N (No) option, which enables GPIO control. The Y (Yes) option disables the GPIO control interface.

Factory Defaults

Select 7 to reset the unit’s Channel 1 configuration, e-mail settings, and expert

settings to the factory default settings. The server configuration settings for IP address, gateway IP address, and netmask remain unchanged. The configurable pins’ settings also remain unchanged. The specific settings that this option changes are listed below.

Channel 1 Configuration

Baudrate I/F Mode Own TCP port number Connect Mode

Hostlist retry counter Hostlist retry timeout Start character for serial channel 1 All other parameters

Expert Settings

TCP keepalive ARP cache timeout

9600

4C (1 stop bit, no parity, 8 bit, RS-232C)

10001

C0 (always accept incoming connection; no active connection startup)

250 (msec)

0x0D (CR)

45 (seconds)

600 (seconds)

XPort™ User Guide 4-21

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

4-22 XPort™ User Guide

Security Settings

Using Setup Mode for Configuration

SNMP SNMP community name Telnet setup TFTP download Port 77FEh Web Server ECHO Encryption Enhanced password Port 77F0h

E-mail Settings

Priority Min. notification interval All other parameters

Exit Configuration Mode

You have two options:

Enabled

Public

Enabled

Disabled

Enabled

1 (second)

0 (e.g., e-mail notification and triggers are disabled)

 Select 8 to exit the configuration mode without saving any changes or

rebooting, or

 Select 9 to save all changes and reboot the device. All values are stored in

nonvolatile memory.

XPort™ User Guide 4-23

55:: GGPPIIOO IInntteerrffaaccee

This chapter includes the following topics:

Topic Page

Configurable Pins 5-1

Control Protocol 5-2

Examples 5-5

Configurable Pins

The XPort has three pins (CP1-3) that you can configure for General Purpose I/O (GPIO).

Note: You can also configure the pins for serial port control lines, such as

CTS, RTS, DTR, and DCD, and diagnostic outputs to LEDs, using DeviceInstaller.

You can use these GPIO pins to control devices such as relays, servers, lights, monitor switches, sensors, and even processes such as data transfer.

You can set the functions for the three pins independently and in any combination. The initial directions (input/output) and active levels (active low or high) at boot up can also be configured through 77FE, for example, by using DeviceInstaller.

This chapter describes how the directions, active levels, and states can be dynamically controlled and probed through special port 77F0.

Features:

 TCP and UDP can be used.  The protocol supports up to 32 GPIO for future products.  Function configuration can be retrieved.  Input or output selection can be retrieved and controlled.  Active low or high selection can be retrieved and controlled.  Active or inactive selection can be retrieved and controlled.  77F0 can be disabled.

Every change of state (active/inactive) requires a command over TCP or UDP, and thus is not very fast. If you use this port for data transfer, the throughput is low, usually up to 1Kbps.

XPort™ User Guide 5-1

GPIO Interface

Control Protocol

The GPIO control protocol is a simple, proprietary protocol, which is described below.

Guidelines

The GPIO control protocol is described from the PC side. Send means from PC to XPort. Response comes from XPort to PC.

The protocol allows for control of up to 32 GPIOs. How many are actually available depends on the product.

The parameters are four bytes long and represent GPIOs 0-31, with GPIO0 in bit 0 of the first byte (Little Endian). Parameter bits for configurable pins not configured as

GPIOs are undefined for Get commands and ignored on Set commands.

Every command consists of nine bytes: one command type of one byte and two parameters of four bytes each.

Command Parameter 1 Parameter 2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

On some commands, one or all parameters are ignored.

For UDP, command type and parameters need to be in the same datagram.

XPort has only three.

Responses to valid commands are always five bytes long, consisting of the returned command byte and as parameters in the current or updated values. In case of an invalid command, only one byte with value 0FFh is returned.

Command Parameter 1

0 1 2 3 4

When sending a command (TCP and UDP), wait for the response before sending the next command.

Commands

Byte 0 Command Types

10h Get functions 11h Get directions (input or output) 12h Get active levels (high active or low active) 13h Get current states (active or not active) 19h Set directions 1Ah Set active levels 1Bh Set current states

As you can, see there is no Set functions command. Since the pin’s function

depends on the hardware in which the

allowed via 77FE. Settings changed by any of the Set commands are not stored and

are lost when the unit is powered down or rebooted.

XPort is embedded, that configuration is only

5-2 XPort™ User Guide

GPIO Interface

Command 10h, Get Functions

Send:

No parameters

Response:

1 parameter Bytes 1-4: Functions Bit X 1 means general purpose IO available to the user. 0 means dedicated function (e.g., serial flow control, diagnostics) for

configurable pin X.

Command 11h, Get Directions

Send:

No parameters

Response:

1 parameter Bytes 1-4: Directions Bit X 1 means GPIO X is an output. 0 means it is an input.

Command 12h, Get Active Levels

Send:

No parameters

Response:

1 parameter Bytes 1-4: Active levels Bit X 1 means GPIO X is active low (0V when active, 3.3V when inactive). 0 means it is active high (3.3V when active, 0V when inactive).

Command 13h, Get Current States

Send:

No parameters

Response:

1 parameter Bytes 1-4: States Bit X 1 means GPIO X is active 0 means it is inactive.

XPort™ User Guide 5-3

GPIO Interface

Command 19h, Set Directions

Send:

2 parameters Bytes 1-4: Mask Bit X 1 means the direction for GPIO X will be updated with the value in the

second parameter. 0 means the direction for that GPIO will not change. Bytes 5-8: New Directions Bit X 1 means GPIO X will become an output. 0 means it will become an input.

Response:

1 parameter Bytes 1-4: The updated directions

Command 1Ah, Set Active Levels

Send:

2 parameters Bytes 1-4: Mask Bit X 1 means the direction for GPIO X will be updated with the value in the

second parameter. 0 means the active type for that GPIO will not change. Bytes 5-8: New Active Levels Bit X 1 means GPIO X will become active low. 0 means it will become active high.

Response:

1 parameter Bytes 1-4: Updated active levels

Command 1Bh, Set States

Send:

2 parameters Bytes 1-4: Mask Bit X 1 means the state for GPIO X will be updated with the value in the

second parameter. 0 means the state for that GPIO will not change. Bytes 5-8: New States Bit X 1 means GPIO X will become active. 0 means it will become inactive.

Response:

1 parameter Bytes 1-4: Updated states

5-4 XPort™ User Guide

Examples

Example 1: PC sends command 1 to find out which configurable pins are available as GPIO.

PC -> XPort: 10h, 00h, 00h, 00h, 00h, 00h, 00h, 00h, 00h XPort -> PC: 10h, 03h, 00h, 00h, 00h

Command details:

10h = command 10h 00h, 00h, 00h, 00h = ignored 00h, 00h, 00h, 00h = ignored

Response details:

10h = response to command 10h 04h, 00h, 00h, 00h =

GPIO Interface

bits 0 and 1 are 0 →CP1 and CP2 are configured as GPIOs. bit 2 is 1 → CP3 is configured as either serial control or diagnostics. The other bits are ignored because there are only three configurable pins on the

XPort.

Example 2: PC sends command 1Bh to change the current states of GPIO 0 and 1.

PC -> XPort: 1Bh, 01h, 00h, 00h, 00h, 00h, 00h, 00h, 00h XPort -> PC: 1Bh, 05h, 00h, 00h, 00h

Command details:

1Bh = command 1Bh 01h, 00h, 00h, 00h = the mask that determines which GPIOs will be changed.

bit 0 is 1 → GPIO0 will be changed. bit 1 is 0 → GPIO1 will remain the same.

00h, 00h, 00h, 00h = the new states

bit 0 is 0 → GPIO0 will become 0. bit 1 is ignored since it is masked out.

Response details:

1Bh = response to command 1Bh 05h, 00h, 00h, 00h =

bit 0 is 1 → GPIO0 = 1 bit 1 is 0 → GPIO1 = 0 bit 2 is 1 → GPIO2 = 1 The other bits are ignored because there are only three configurable pins on the

XPort.

XPort™ User Guide 5-5

66:: UUppddaattiinngg FFiirrmmwwaarree

This chapter explains how to obtain and update the unit’s firmware. It includes the following topics:

Topic Page

Obtaining Firmware 6-1

Reloading Firmware 6-1

Obtaining Firmware

You can obtain the most up-to-date firmware and release notes for the unit from the Lantronix web site ( (ftp.lantronix.com).

Reloading Firmware

There are several ways to update the unit's internal operational code (*.ROM): via DeviceInstaller (the preferred way), via TFTP, or via the serial port. You can also update the unit's internal Web interface (*.COB) via TFTP or DeviceInstaller.

Here are typical names for those files. Check the Lantronix web site for the latest

versions and release notes.

www.lantronix.com) or by using anonymous FTP

Table 6-1. Firmware Files

ROM File COB

XPTE150.ROM GENW3402.COB (Web-Manager)

Please refer to the DeviceInstaller User Guide for information about reloading firmware using DeviceInstaller. The other methods are discussed below:

Using TFTP

To download new firmware from a computer:

1. Use a TFTP client to send a binary file to the unit (*.ROM to upgrade the unit 's internal operational code and *.COB to upgrade its internal Web interface).

Note: TFTP requires the .ROM (binary) version of the unit's internal

operational code.

2. In the TFTP server field, enter the IP address of the unit being upgraded.

3. Select Upload operation and Binary format.

4. Enter the full path of the firmware file in the Local file name field.

5. In the Remote file name field, enter the current internal operational code or WEB6 for the internal Web interface. (For XPort, X1 = Standard Tunnel)

6. Click the Upload Now button to transfer the file to the unit.

XPort™ User Guide 6-1

Updating Firmware

The unit performs a power reset after the firmware has been loaded and stored.

Recovering the Firmware using the Serial Port

If for some reason the firmware is damaged, you can recover the firmware file by using the serial port to download the *.ROM file.

1. Start DeviceInstaller. If your PC has more than one network adapter, a message

Figure 6-2. TFTP Window

displays. Select an adapter and click OK

2. Click the Search icon to display the Lantronix device servers on your local

network

3. Select the device server.

4. From the Action menu, select Advanced/Recover Firmware. The Recover

Firmware window displays.

5. Enter the local port on your PC and the location of the firmware file. The Device Model should indicate XPort.

6. Click OK to download the file.

See also Recovering Firmware in the DeviceInstaller User Guide.

6-2 XPort™ User Guide

77:: MMoonniittoorriinngg tthhee NNeettwwoorrkk

Monitor Mode is a command-line interface used for diagnostic purposes.

This chapter includes the following topics:

Topic Page

Entering Monitor Mode via the Serial Port 7-1

Entering Monitor Mode via the Network Port 7-1

Monitor Mode Commands 7-2

There are two ways to enter Monitor Mode: locally via the serial port or remotely via the network.

Entering Monitor Mode via the Serial Port

To enter Monitor Mode locally:

1. Follow the same steps used for setting the serial configuration parameters (see

Using the Serial Port on page 4-2).

2. Instead of typing three x keys, however:

a) Type zzz (or xx1) to enter Monitor Mode with network connections. b) Type yyy (or yyy) to enter Monitor Mode without network connections.

A 0> prompt indicates that you have successfully entered Monitor Mode.

Entering Monitor Mode via the Network Port

To enter Monitor Mode using a Telnet connection:

1. Establish a Telnet session to the configuration port (9999). The following

message appears:

MAC address 00204A0113A3 Software version 01.0b9 (021219) XPT Press Enter to go into Setup Mode

2. Type M (upper case).

A 0> prompt indicates that you have successfully entered Monitor Mode.

XPort™ User Guide 7-1

Monitoring the Network

Monitor Mode Commands

The following commands are available in Monitor Mode. Many commands have an IP address as an optional parameter (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx). If you enter the IP address, the command is applied to another unit with that IP address. If you do not enter the IP address, the command is executed locally.

Note: All commands must be in capital letters.

Command Command Name Function

VS x.x.x.x

GC x.x.x.x

SC x.x.x.x

PI x.x.x.x

AT TT

NC RS QU

G0, G1, ....,Ge, Gf

S0, S1,...,Se, Sf

Table 7-1. Monitor Mode Commands

Version Queries software header record (16 bytes) of unit

with IP address x.x.x.x.

Get Configuration Gets configuration of unit with IP address x.x.x.x as

hex records (120 bytes).

Send Configuration Sets configuration of unit with IP address x.x.x.x

from hex records.

Ping Pings unit with IP address x.x.x.x to check device

status.

ARP Table Shows the unit’s ARP table entries.

TCP Connection Table

Network Connection Shows the unit’s IP configuration.

Reset Resets the unit’s power.

Quit Exits diagnostics mode.

Get configuration from memory page

Set configuration to memory page

Shows all incoming and outgoing TCP connections.

Gets a memory page of configuration information from the device.

Sets a memory page of configuration information on the device.

Responses to some of the commands are given in Intel Hex format.

Note: Entering any of the commands listed above generates one of the

following command response codes:

Table 7-4. Command Response Codes

Response Meaning

0> OK; no error

1> No answer from remote device

2> Cannot reach remote device or no answer

8> Wrong parameter(s)

9> Invalid command

7-2 XPort™ User Guide

88:: TTrroouubblleesshhoooottiinngg

This chapter discusses how you can diagnose and fix errors quickly without having to contact a dealer or Lantronix. It helps to connect a terminal to the serial port while diagnosing an error to view summary messages that may be displayed. When troubleshooting, always ensure that the physical connections (power cable, network cable, and serial cable) are secure.

Note: Some unexplained errors might be caused by duplicate IP addresses on the

network. Make sure that your unit's IP address is unique.

When troubleshooting the following problems, make sure that the XPort is powered up. Confirm that you are using a good network connection.

This chapter includes the following topics:

Topic Page

Problems and Error Messages 8-1

Technical Support 8-4

Problems and Error Messages

Problem/Message Reason Solution

When you issue the ARP –S command in Windows, The

ARP entry addition failed: 5

message displays.

Your currently logged-in user does not have the correct rights to use this command on this PC.

Have someone from your IT department log you in with sufficient rights.

When you attempt to assign an IP address to the unit by the

ARP method, the Press Enter to go into Setup Mode error

(described below) message displays. Now when you Telnet to the device server, the connection fails.

When you Telnet to port 9999,

the Press Enter to go into Setup Mode message displays.

However, nothing happens

when you press Enter, or your

connection is closed.

When you Telnet to port 1 on the device server, you are only assigning a temporary IP address. When you Telnet into

port 9999 and do not press Enter

quickly, the device server reboots, causing it to lose the IP address.

You did not press Enter quickly

enough. You only have 5

seconds to press Enter before

the connection is closed.

Telnet back to Port 1. Wait for it to fail, then Telnet to port 9999

again. Make sure you press Enter

quickly.

Telnet to port 9999 again, but

press Enter as soon as you see the Press Enter to go into Setup Mode message.

XPort™ User Guide 8-1

Troubleshooting

Problem/Message Reason Solution

When you Telnet to port 1 to assign an IP address to the device server, the Telnet window does not respond for a long time.

You may have entered the Ethernet address incorrectly with the ARP command.

Confirm that the Ethernet address that you entered with the ARP command is correct. The Ethernet address may only include numbers 0-9 and letters A-F. In Windows and usually in Unix, the segments of the Ethernet address are separated by dashes. In some forms of Unix, the Ethernet address is segmented with colons.

When you try to assign an IP with DeviceInstaller, you get the following message:

No response from device! Verify the IP, Hardware Address and Network Class. Please try again.

The device server is not communicating with the serial device it is attached to.

The IP address you are trying to assign is not on your logical subnet.

The device server may not be plugged into the network properly.

The cause is most likely one of the following:

The Hardware address you specified is incorrect.

The IP address you are trying to assign is not a valid IP for your logical subnet.

You did not choose the correct subnet mask.

The most likely reason is the wrong serial settings were chosen.

Confirm that your PC has an IP address and that it is in the same logical subnet that you are trying to assign to the device server.

Make sure that the Link LED is lit. If the Link LED is not lit, then the device server is not properly plugged into the network.

Double-check the parameters that

you specified. Note: You cannot

assign an IP address to a device server through a router.

The serial settings for the serial device and the device server must match. The default serial settings for the device server are RS-232, 9600 baud, 8 character bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control.

When you try to enter the setup mode on the device server via the serial port, you get no response.

You can ping the device server, but not Telnet to the device server on port 9999.

The issue is most likely something covered in the previous problem, or possibly,

you have Caps Lock on.

There may be an IP address conflict on your network

You are not Telnetting to port

9999.

The Telnet configuration port (9999) is disabled within the device server security settings.

Double-check everything in the problem above. Confirm that

Caps Lock is not on.

Turn the device server off and then issue the following commands at the DOS prompt of your computer:

ARP -D X.X.X.X (X.X.X.X is the IP of the device server).

PING X.X.X.X (X.X.X.X is the IP of the device server).

8-2 XPort™ User Guide

Problem/Message Reason Solution

is a duplicate IP address on the network. If you do not get a response, use the serial port to verify that Telnet is not disabled.

Troubleshooting

The device server appears to be set up correctly, but you are not communicating with your device attached to the device server across the network.

When connecting to the WebManager within the device

server, the No Connection With The Device Server message

displays.

If you are sure that the serial port setting is correct, then you may not be connecting to the correct socket of the device server.

Another possibility is that the device server is not set up correctly to make a good socket connection to the network.

Your computer is not able to connect to port 30718 (77FEh) on the device server.

You can check to see whether there is a socket connection to or from the device server by checking the state of CP1, if it has been configured for LED1 functionality.

If the state of CP1 is blinking consistently, or is completely off, then there is a good socket connection.

If the state of CP1 is low, use the

Connect Mode option C0 for

making a connection to the device server from the network. Use

Connect Mode option C1 or C5

for a connection to the network from the device server. See the full list of Connect Mode options in Connect Mode on page 4-7.

Make sure that port 30718 (77FEh) is not blocked with any router that you are using on the network. Also, make sure that port 77FEh is not disabled within the Security settings of the device server.

XPort™ User Guide 8-3

Troubleshooting

Technical Support

If you are experiencing an error that is not described in this chapter, or if you are unable to fix the error, you may:

 To check our online knowledge base or send a question to Technical

 E-mail us at support@lantronix.com.  Call us at:

Our phone lines are open from 6:00AM - 5:30 PM Pacific Time Monday through Friday excluding holidays.

Technical Support Europe, Middle East, and Africa

Phone: +49 (0) 89 31787 817 E-mail:

Firmware downloads, FAQs, and the most up-to-date documentation are available at:

www.lantronix.com/support

Support, go to

http://www.lantronix.com/support.

(800) 422-7044 Domestic (949) 453-7198 International (949) 450-7226 Fax

eu_techsupp@lantronix.com or eu_support@lantronix.com

When you report a problem, please provide the following information:

 Your name, and your company name, address, and phone number   Lantronix model number  Lantronix MAC number  Software version (on the first screen shown when you Telnet to port 9999)  Description of the problem  Status of the unit when the problem occurred (please try to include

information on user and network activity at the time of the problem).

8-4 XPort™ User Guide

99:: IIPP AAddddrreesssseess

Each TCP/IP node on a network host has a unique IP address. This address provides the information needed to forward packets on the local network and across multiple networks if necessary.

IP addresses are specified as x.x.x.x, where each x is a number from 1 to 254;

for example, 192.0.1.99. The unit must be assigned a unique IP address to use TCP/IP network functionality.

This chapter includes the following topics:

Topic Page

Components of the IP Address 9-1

Network Address 9-2

Broadcast Address 9-2

IP Subnet Mask 9-2

Private IP Networks and the Internet 9-3

Network RFCs 9-3

Alternative Ways to Assign an IP Address 9-4

Components of the IP Address

Network Portion

The network portion of the IP address is determined by the network type: Class A, B, or C.

Table 9-1. .Network Portion of IP Address

Network Class Network Portion of Address

Class A First byte (2nd, 3rd, and 4th bytes are the host)

Class B First 2 bytes (3rd and 4th bytes are the host)

Class C First 3 bytes (4th byte is the host)

In most network examples, the host portion of the address is set to zero.

Table 9-4. Available IP Addresses

Class Address Range Comments

A 1.0.0.1 to

126.255.255.254

B 128.1.0.1 to

191.254.255.254

XPort™ User Guide 9-1

126 networks of 16,777,214 hosts

16,328 networks of 65,534 hosts

2,097,150 networks of 254 hosts

IP Addresses

Class Address Range Comments

223.255.254.254

D 224.0.0.0 to

239.255.255.254

E 240.0.0.0 to

254.255.255.254

Consider the IP address 36.1.3.4. This address is a Class A address; therefore, the network portion of the address is 36.0.0.0 and the host portion is 1.3.4.

Reserved for multicast groups

Reserved for experimental and future use

Subnet Portion

The subnet portion of the IP address represents which sub-network the address

is from. Sub-networks are formed when an IP network is broken down into

smaller networks using a subnet mask.

A router is required between all networks and all sub-networks. Generally, hosts can send packets directly only to hosts on their own sub-network. All packets destined for other subnets are sent to a router on the local network.

Host Portion

The host portion of the IP address is a unique number assigned to identify the host.

Network Address

A host address with all host bits set to 0 addresses the network as a whole (as in routing entries), for example, 192.168.0.0.

Broadcast Address

A host address with all host bits set to 1 is the broadcast address (for every station), for example, 192.168.0.255.

You may not use a network or broadcast address as a host address; for

example, 192.168.0.0 identifies the entire network, and 192.168.0.255 identifies the broadcast address.

IP Subnet Mask

An IP subnet mask divides an IP address differently from the standards defined by the classes A, B, and C. An IP subnet mask defines the number of bits to be taken from the IP address as the network or host sections. The unit prompts for the number of host bits to be entered and then calculates the netmask, which displays in standard decimal-dot notation (for example, 255.255.255.0) after you save the parameters.

Table 9-7. Standard IP Network Netmasks

Network Class Network Bits Host Bits Netmask

A 8 24 255.0.0.0

B 16 16 255.255.0.0

C 24 8 255.255.255.0

9-2 XPort™ User Guide

Table 9-10. Netmask Examples

Netmask Host Bits

255.255.255.252 2

255.255.255.248 3

255.255.255.240 4

255.255.255.224 5

255.255.255.192 6

255.255.255.128 7

255.255.255.0 8

255.255.254.0 9

255.255.252.0 10

255.255.248.0 11

... ...

255.128.0.0 23

255.0.0.0 24

IP Addresses

Private IP Networks and the Internet

If your network is not and will not be connected to the Internet, you may use any IP address. If your network is connected or will be connected to the Internet, or if you intend to operate the unit on an intranet, use one of the reserved subnetworks. Consult your network administrator with questions about IP address assignment.

Network RFCs

For more information about IP addresses, refer to the following documents, which can be located on the World Wide Web using one of the following directories or indices:

RFC 950 Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure RFC 1700 Assigned Numbers RFC 1117 Internet Numbers RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Networks

XPort™ User Guide 9-3

IP Addresses

Alternative Ways to Assign an IP Address

In 3:Getting Started, we described how to assign an IP address using DeviceInstaller. This section covers other methods for assigning an IP address over the network.

Note: You can also assign the IP address using a serial connection. (See Using

the Serial Port on page 4-2.)

DHCP

The unit ships with a default IP address of 0.0.0.0, which automatically enables DHCP. If a DHCP server exists on the network, it will provide the unit with an IP address, gateway address, and subnet mask when the unit boots up.

You can use the DeviceInstaller software to search the network for the IP address your unit has been assigned by the DHCP server and add it to the managed list.

Note: This DHCP address does not appear in the unit’s Setup Mode and

Web-Manager screens. You can, however, determine your unit’s DHCPassigned IP address in Monitor Mode. When you enter Monitor Mode from the serial port with network connection enabled (see on page 7-1) and issue the NC (Network Communication) command, you will see the unit’s IP configuration.

AutoIP

The unit ships with a default IP address of 0.0.0.0, which automatically enables Auto IP within the unit. AutoIP is an alternative to DHCP that allows hosts to automatically obtain an IP address in smaller networks that may not have a DHCP server. A range of IP addresses (from 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.1) has been explicitly reserved for AutoIP-enabled devices. The range of Auto IP addresses is not to be used over the Internet.

If your unit cannot find a DHCP server, and you have not manually assigned an IP address to it, the unit automatically selects an address from the AutoIP reserved range. Then, your unit sends out a (ARP) request to other nodes on the same network to see whether the selected address is being used.

If the selected address is not in use, then the unit uses it for local subnet communication.

If another device is using the selected IP address, the unit selects another address from the AutoIP range and reboots. After reboot, the unit sends out another ARP request to see if the selected address is in use, and so on.

AutoIP is not intended to replace DHCP. The unit will continue to look for a DHCP server on the network. If it finds a DHCP server, the unit will switch to the DHCP server-provided address and reboot.

Note: If a DHCP server is found, but it denies the request for an IP

address, the unit does not attach to the network, but waits and retries.

AutoIP can be disabled by setting the unit’s IP address to 0.0.1.0. This setting enables DHCP but disables AutoIP.

9-4 XPort™ User Guide

IP Addresses

ARP and Telnet

If the unit has no IP address, you can use Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) method from UNIX and Windows-based systems to assign a temporary IP address.

To assign a temporary IP address:

1. On a UNIX or Windows-based host, create an entry in the host's ARP table

using the intended IP address and the hardware address of the unit (on the product label on the bottom of the unit).

arp -s 191.12.3.77 00:20:4a:xx:xx:xx

Note: For the ARP command to work on Windows 95, the ARP table

on the PC must have at least one IP address defined other than its own.

2. If you are using Windows 95, type ARP -A at the DOS command prompt to

verify that there is at least one entry in the ARP table. If the local machine is the only entry, ping another IP address on your network to build a new entry in the ARP table; the IP address must be a host other than the machine on which you are working. Once there is at least one additional entry in the ARP table, use the following command to ARP an IP address to the unit:

arp -s 191.12.3.77 00-20-4a-xx-xx-xx

3. Open a Telnet connection to port 1. The connection will fail quickly, but the

unit will temporarily change its IP address to the one designated in this step.

telnet 191.12.3.77 1

4. Finally, open a Telnet connection to port 9999, and press Enter within five

seconds to go into Setup Mode. If you wait longer than five seconds, the unit

reboots.

telnet 191.12.3.77 9999

Continue with Using Setup Mode on page 4-1.

Note: The IP address you just set is temporary and will revert to the

default value when the unit’s power is reset unless you configure the unit and store the changes permanently.

XPort™ User Guide 9-5

AA:: BBiinnaarryy ttoo HHeexx CCoonnvveerrssiioonnss

Many of the Device Server’s configuration procedures require you to assemble a series of options (represented as bits) into a complete command (represented as a byte). The resulting binary value must be converted to a hexadecimal representation.

Hexadecimal digits have values ranging from 0 to F, which are represented as 0-9, A (for 10), B (for 11), etc. To convert a binary value (for example, 0010 0011) to a hexadecimal representation, the upper and lower four bits are treated separately, resulting in a two-digit hexadecimal number (in this case, 4C).

Use the following table to convert values from binary to hexadecimal.

Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion Table

Decimal Binary Hex

0 0000 0

1 0001 1

2 0010 2

3 0011 3

4 0100 4

5 0101 5

6 0110 6

7 0111 7

8 1000 8

9 1001 9

10 1010 A

11 1011 B

12 1100 C

13 1101 D

14 1110 E

15 1111 F

In 4:Using Setup Mode, the binary bit fields for options in connect mode, disconnect mode, flush mode, interface mode, and pack control mode are described in detail. The following pages are a summary of the possible hexadecimal entries for each of these options.

XPort™ User Guide A-2

Connect Mode Options

Note: Character response codes are C=connect, D=disconnect,

N=unreachable

Connect Mode Options

Accept Incoming

Connections

Never None (quiet) No active startup N/A Never None (quiet) Any character 1 Never None (quiet) Active DTR 2 Never None (quiet) CR (0x0D) 3 Never None (quiet) Manual connection 4 Never None (quiet) Autostart 5 Never None (quiet) UDP C Never Character No active startup 10 Never Character Any character 11 Never Character Active DTR 12 Never Character CR (0x0D) 13 Never Character Manual connection 14 Never Character Autostart 15 Never Character UDP 1C

With DTR None (quiet) No active startup 40 With DTR None (quiet) Any character 41 With DTR None (quiet) Active DTR 42 With DTR None (quiet) CR (0x0D) 43 With DTR None (quiet) Manual connection 44 With DTR None (quiet) Autostart 45 With DTR None (quiet) UDP 4C With DTR Character No active startup 50 With DTR Character Any character 51 With DTR Character Active DTR 52 With DTR Character CR (0x0D) 53 With DTR Character Manual connection 54

With DTR Character Autostart 55

With DTR Character UDP N/A

Unconditionally None (quiet) No active startup C0 Unconditionally None (quiet) Any character C1 Unconditionally None (quiet) Active DTR C2 Unconditionally None (quiet) CR (0x0D) C3 Unconditionally None (quiet) Manual connection C4 Unconditionally None (quiet) Autostart C5 Unconditionally None (quiet) UDP CC Unconditionally Character No active startup D0 Unconditionally Character Any character D1 Unconditionally Character Active DTR D2 Unconditionally Character CR (0x0D) D3 Unconditionally Character Manual connection D4 Unconditionally Character Autostart D5 Unconditionally Character UDP DC

Never None (quiet) No active startup Hostlist N/A Never None (quiet) Any character Hostlist 21 Never None (quiet) Active DTR Hostlist 22 Never None (quiet) CR (0x0D) Hostlist 23

Serial Response

Upon Connection

Active Connection

Startup

Binary to Hex Conversions

Hostlist Hex

XPort™ User Guide A-3

Binary to Hex Conversions

Accept Incoming

Connections

Never None (quiet) Manual connection Hostlist N/A Never None (quiet) Autostart Hostlist 25 Never None (quiet) UDP Hostlist Never Character No active startup Hostlist N/A Never Character Any character Hostlist 31 Never Character Active DTR Hostlist 32 Never Character CR (0x0D) Hostlist 33 Never Character Manual connection Hostlist N/A Never Character Autostart Hostlist 35 Never Character UDP Hostlist N/A

With DTR None (quiet) No active startup Hostlist N/A With DTR None (quiet) Any character Hostlist 61 With DTR None (quiet) Active DTR Hostlist 62 With DTR None (quiet) CR (0x0D) Hostlist 63 With DTR None (quiet) Manual connection Hostlist N/A With DTR None (quiet) Autostart Hostlist 65 With DTR None (quiet) UDP Hostlist N/A With DTR Character No active startup Hostlist N/A With DTR Character Any character Hostlist 71 With DTR Character Active DTR Hostlist 72 With DTR Character CR (0x0D) Hostlist 73 With DTR Character Manual connection Hostlist N/A With DTR Character Autostart Hostlist 75 With DTR Character UDP Hostlist N/A

Unconditionally None (quiet) No active startup Hostlist N/A Unconditionally None (quiet) Any character Hostlist E1 Unconditionally None (quiet) Active DTR Hostlist E2 Unconditionally None (quiet) CR (0x0D) Hostlist E3 Unconditionally None (quiet) Manual connection Hostlist N/A Unconditionally None (quiet) Autostart Hostlist E5

Connect Mode Options

Serial Response

Upon Connection

Active Connection

Startup

Hostlist Hex

Unconditionally None (quiet) UDP Hostlist N/A Unconditionally Character No active startup Hostlist N/A

Unconditionally Character Any character Hostlist F1

Unconditionally Character Active DTR Hostlist F2 Unconditionally Character CR (0x0D) Hostlist F3 Unconditionally Character Manual connection Hostlist N/A Unconditionally Character Autostart Hostlist F5 Unconditionally Character UDP Hostlist N/A

XPort™ User Guide

A-4

Binary to Hex Conversions

The following connect mode options are for when you use modem emulation:

Connect Mode Options for Modem Emulation

Accept Incoming

Connections

Never Echo 16 Never Without echo 6 Never 1-character response 7

With DTR Echo 56 With DTR Without echo 46 With DTR 1-character response 47

Unconditionally Echo D6 Unconditionally Without echo C6 Unconditionally 1-character response C7

Response Hex

Disconnect Mode Options

Disconnect with

DTR Drop

Enable 0 Enable Enable 10

Enable Enable 20 Enable Enable Enable 30 Enable Enable 40 Enable Enable Enable 50 Enable Enable Enable 60 Enable Enable Enable Enable 70

Enable Enable 80 Enable Enable Enable 90 Enable Enable Enable A0 Enable Enable Enable Enable B0 Enable Enable Enable C0 Enable Enable Enable Enable D0 Enable Enable Enable Enable E0 Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable F0

Enable Enable 1 Enable Enable Enable 11 Enable Enable Enable 21 Enable Enable Enable Enable 31 Enable Enable Enable 41 Enable Enable Enable Enable 51 Enable Enable Enable Enable 61 Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable 71

Enable Enable Enable 81 Enable Enable Enable Enable 91 Enable Enable Enable Enable A1 Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable B1 Enable Enable

Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable

Telnet Mode and

Terminal Type

Setup

Channel (port)

Password

Hard

Disconnect

Enable Enable

State LED Off

with

Connection

Disconnect with

EOT (^D)

Enable Enable Enable E1

Hex

C1 D1

XPort™ User Guide A-5

Binary to Hex Conversions

Disconnect Mode Options

Disconnect with

DTR Drop

Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable F1

Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Disable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Disable

Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Disable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Disable Enable Enable F9

Telnet Mode and

Terminal Type

Setup

Enable Enable Enable Disable Enable Enable Enable Disable

Channel (port)

Password

Enable Disable

Disconnect

Enable Disable

Hard

Disable

State LED Off

with

Connection

Disconnect with

EOT (^D)

Enable 28 Enable 38

Enable 68 Enable 78

Enable A8 Enable B8

Disable

Disable Enable

Enable Disable Enable

Disable Enable Enable 29

Enable Disable Enable Enable 39 Enable Enable Enable Disable Enable Enable Enable Enable Disable Enable Enable 79

Enable Disable Enable Enable 99

Enable Disable Enable Enable B9

Disable Enable

Disable Enable Enable 69

Disable Enable

Disable Enable Enable A9

Disable Enable

Enable E8 Enable F8

Disable Enable Enable E9

Hex

48 58

88 98

C8 D8

49 59

C9 D9

XPort™ User Guide

A-6

Flush Mode (Buffer Flushing) Options

Flush Mode Options

Serial to Network

Clear input buffer upon:

None 0

Active connection 10

Passive connection 20

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect 40

Active connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Enable 80

Active connection Enable 90

Passive connection Enable A0

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect Enable C0

Active connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection 1

Active connection Active connection 11

Passive connection Active connection 21

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect Active connection 41

Active connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection Enable 81

Active connection Active connection Enable 91

Passive connection Active connection Enable A1

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect Active connection Enable C1

Active connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Network to Serial

Clear output buffer upon:

Enable B0

Enable D0

Enable E0

Enable F0

Active connection 31

Active connection 51

Active connection 61

Active connection 71

Active connection Enable B1

Active connection Enable D1

Active connection Enable E1

Binary to Hex Conversions

Alternate

Packing

Algorithm

Hex

XPort™ User Guide A-7

Binary to Hex Conversions

Serial to Network

Clear input buffer upon:

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection 2

Active connection Passive connection 12

Passive connection Passive connection 22

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect Passive connection 42

Active connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection Enable 82

Active connection Passive connection Enable 92

Passive connection Passive connection Enable A2

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect Passive connection Enable C2

Active connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Active connection Active connection

Passive connection Active connection

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect Active connection

Active connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection Active connection

Passive connection Passive connection

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect Active connection

Flush Mode Options

Network to Serial

Clear output buffer upon:

Active connection Enable F1

Passive connection 32

Passive connection 52

Passive connection 62

Passive connection 72

Passive connection Enable B2

Passive connection Enable D2

Passive connection Enable E2

Passive connection Enable F2

Passive connection

Active connection

Passive connection

Active connection

Passive connection

Active connection

Passive connection

Active connection

Passive connection

Active connection

Passive connection

Active connection Active connection

Passive connection

Alternate

Algorithm

Packing

Enable 83

Enable 93

Enable A3

Enable B3

Enable C3

Hex

XPort™ User Guide

A-8

Binary to Hex Conversions

Flush Mode Options

Serial to Network

Clear input buffer upon:

Active connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection Disconnect

Passive connection Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect Disconnect

Active connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection Disconnect Enable 94

Passive connection Disconnect Enable A4

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect Disconnect Enable C4

Active connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection Active connection

Passive connection Active connection

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect Active connection

Active connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection Active connection

Passive connection Active connection

Network to Serial

Clear output buffer upon:

Active connection

Passive connection

Active connection

Passive connection

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Disconnect Enable 84

Disconnect Enable B4

Disconnect Enable D4

Disconnect Enable E4

Disconnect Enable F4

Active connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Disconnect

Alternate

Packing

Algorithm

Enable D3

Enable E3

Enable F3

Enable 85

Enable 95

Enable A5

Hex

4 14 24 34

44 54

XPort™ User Guide A-9

Binary to Hex Conversions

Serial to Network

Clear input buffer upon:

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect Active connection

Active connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Active connection Passive connection

Passive connection Passive connection

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect Passive connection

Active connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Active connection Passive connection

Passive connection Passive connection

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect Passive connection

Active connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Active connection Active connection

Passive connection Active connection

Flush Mode Options

Network to Serial

Clear output buffer upon:

Active connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Alternate

Packing

Algorithm

Enable B5

Enable C5

Hex

Enable D5

Enable E5

Enable F5

Enable 86

Enable 96

Enable A6

Enable B6

Enable C6

Enable D6

Enable E6

Enable F6

XPort™ User Guide

A-10

Flush Mode Options

Serial to Network

Clear input buffer upon:

Active connection Active connection

Disconnect Active connection

Active connection Active connection

Disconnect Passive connection

Passive connection Active connection

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Active connection Active connection

Passive connection Active connection

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect Active connection

Active connection Active connection

Disconnect Passive connection

Passive connection Active connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Network to Serial

Clear output buffer upon:

Passive connection Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection Disconnect

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Passive connection

Disconnect

Active connection

Passive connection

Disconnect

Binary to Hex Conversions

Alternate

Packing

Algorithm

Enable 87

Enable 97

Enable A7

Enable B7

Enable C7

Enable D7

Enable

Enable F7

Hex

XPort™ User Guide A-11

Binary to Hex Conversions

Interface Mode Options

Pack Control Options

Sendcharacter

Defined by a:

1-Byte Sequence No 12ms 0 1-Byte Sequence No 52ms 1 1-Byte Sequence No 250ms 2 1-Byte Sequence No 5sec 3 1-Byte Sequence 1 12ms 4 1-Byte Sequence 1 52ms 5 1-Byte Sequence 1 250ms 6 1-Byte Sequence 1 5sec 7 1-Byte Sequence 2 12ms 8 1-Byte Sequence 2 52ms 9 1-Byte Sequence 2 250ms A 1-Byte Sequence 2 5sec B

2-Byte Sequence No 12ms 10 2-Byte Sequence No 52ms 11 2-Byte Sequence No 250ms 12 2-Byte Sequence No 5sec 13 2-Byte Sequence 1 12ms 14 2-Byte Sequence 1 52ms 15 2-Byte Sequence 1 250ms 16 2-Byte Sequence 1 5sec 17 2-Byte Sequence 2 12ms 18 2-Byte Sequence 2 52ms 19 2-Byte Sequence 2 250ms 1A 2-Byte Sequence 2 5sec 1B

1-Byte Sequence No 12ms Yes 20 1-Byte Sequence No 52ms Yes 21 1-Byte Sequence No 250ms Yes 22 1-Byte Sequence No 5sec Yes 23 1-Byte Sequence 1 12ms Yes 24 1-Byte Sequence 1 52ms Yes 25 1-Byte Sequence 1 250ms Yes 26

Interface Mode Options

Interface Bits Parity Stop

Bits

RS-232C 7 No 1 48 RS-232C 7 No 2 C8 RS-232C 7 Even 1 78 RS-232C 7 Even 2 F8 RS-232C 7 Odd 1 58 RS-232C 7 Odd 2 D8 RS-232C 8 No 1 4C RS-232C 8 No 2 CC RS-232C 8 Even 1 7C RS-232C 8 Even 2 FC RS-232C 8 Odd 1 5C RS-232C 8 Odd 2 DC

Hex

Pack Control Options

Trailing

Characters

Packing

Interval

Send Immediately

after Sendcharacter

Hex

XPort™ User Guide

A-12

Binary to Hex Conversions

Pack Control Options

Sendcharacter

Defined by a:

1-Byte Sequence 1 5sec Yes 27 1-Byte Sequence 2 12ms Yes 28 1-Byte Sequence 2 52ms Yes 29 1-Byte Sequence 2 250ms Yes 2A 1-Byte Sequence 2 5sec Yes 2B

2-Byte Sequence No 12ms Yes 30 2-Byte Sequence No 52ms Yes 31 2-Byte Sequence No 250ms Yes 32 2-Byte Sequence No 5sec Yes 33 2-Byte Sequence 1 12ms Yes 34 2-Byte Sequence 1 52ms Yes 35 2-Byte Sequence 1 250ms Yes 36 2-Byte Sequence 1 5sec Yes 37 2-Byte Sequence 2 12ms Yes 38 2-Byte Sequence 2 52ms Yes 39 2-Byte Sequence 2 250ms Yes 3A 2-Byte Sequence 2 5sec Yes 3B

Trailing

Characters

Packing

Interval

Send Immediately

after Sendcharacter

Hex

XPort™ User Guide A-13

BB:: NNeettwwoorrkkiinngg TTeerrmmss

Address Space

A linear array of locations that a thread can access. Simple processors have only one, and these processors are referred to as `linear' addressing.

Auto-Negotiate

Clause 28 of the IEEE 802.3u standard specifies a MAC sub layer for the identification of the speed and duplex mode of connection being supported by a device. Support of this feature is optional for individual vendors.

Auto-Sense

Ability of a 10/100 Ethernet device to interpret the speed or duplex mode of the attached device and to adjust to that rate. Official term is Auto-Negotiation in Clause 28 of the IEEE 802.3u standard.

Baseband LAN

A LAN that uses a single carrier frequency over a single channel. Ethernet, Token Ring, and Arcnet LANs use baseband transmission.

Baud

Unit of signal frequency in signals per second. Not synonymous with bits per second since signals can represent more than one bit. Baud equals bits per second only when the signal represents a single bit.

Binaries

Binary, machine readable forms of programs that have been compiled or assembled. As opposed to Source language forms of programs.

Block

A block is a variable-size piece of memory that a task can acquire. Blocks are allocated from heaps. [Related: Buffer, heap]

BOOTP

A TCP/IP network protocol that lets network nodes request configuration information from a BOOTP "server" node.

bps

Bits per second, units of transmission speed.

Bridge

A networking device that connects two LANs and forwards or filters data packets between them based on their destination addresses. Bridges operate at the data link level (or MAC-layer) of the OSI reference model, and are transparent to protocols and to higher level devices like routers.

XPort™ User Guide B-1

Networking Terms

Bus

A LAN topology in which all the nodes are connected to a single cable. All nodes are considered equal and receive all transmissions on the medium.

Byte

A data unit of eight bits.

Channel

The data path between two nodes.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

Short for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, a protocol for assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices on a time it connects to the network. In some systems, the device's IP address can even change while

it is still connected. DHCP also supports a mix of static and dynamic IP addresses.

network. With dynamic addressing, a device can have a different IP address every

Domain Name

A domain name is a text name appended to a host name to form a unique host name across internets.

Download

The transfer of a file or information from one network node to another. Generally refers to transferring a file from a "big" node, such as a computer, to a "small" node, such as a terminal server or printer.

End Node

A node such as a PC that can only send and receive information for its own use. It cannot route and forward information to another node.

Ethernet

The most popular LAN technology in use today. The IEEE standard 802.3 defines the rules for configuring an Ethernet network. It is a 10 Mbps, CSMA/CD baseband network that runs over thin coax, thick coax, twisted pair or fiber optic cable.

Firmware

Alterable programs in semipermanent storage, e.g., some type of read-only or flash reprogrammable memory.

Flash ROM

See ROM.

Framing

Dividing data for transmission into groups of bits, and adding a header and a check sequence to form a frame.

FTP

File Transfer Protocol, a TCP/IP protocol for file transfer.

XPort™ User Guide

B-2

Networking Terms

Full-Duplex

Independent, simultaneous two-way transmission in both directions, as opposed to half-duplex transmission

Gateway

A device for interconnecting two or more dissimilar networks. It can translate all protocol levels from the Physical layer up through the Applications layer of the OSI model, and can therefore interconnect entities that differ in all details.

Hardware Address

See Network Address.

Host

Generally a node on a network that can be used interactively, i.e., logged into, like a computer.

Host Table

A list of TCP/IP hosts on the network along with their IP addresses.

IEEE 802.3

The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) standard that defines the CSMA/CD media-access method and the physical and data-link layer specifications of a local area network. Among others, it includes 10BASE2, 10BASE5, 10BASE-FL, and 10BASE-T Ethernet implementations.

Internet

A series of interconnected local, regional, national and international networks, linked using TCP/IP. Internet links many government, university, and research sites. It provides E-mail, remote login and file transfer services.

Internetworking

General term used to describe the industry composed of products and technologies used to link networks together.

IP Address

See Network Address.

ISO Layered Model

The International Standards Organization (ISO) sets standards for computers and communications. Its Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model specifies how dissimilar computing devices such as Network Interface Cards (NICs), bridges, and routers exchange data over a network. The model consists of seven layers. From lowest to highest, they are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. Each layer performs services for the layer above it.

Kilobyte. KBps is Kilobytes per second.

Kbps

Kilobits per second.

XPort™ User Guide B-3

Networking Terms

LAN

Local Area Network, a data communications system consisting of a group of interconnected computers, sharing applications, data, and peripherals. The geographical area is usually a building or group of buildings.

Latency

The delay incurred by a switching or bridging device between receiving the frame and forwarding the frame.

Layer

In networks, layers refer to software protocol levels comprising the architecture, with each layer performing functions for the layers above it.

Line Speed

Expressed in bps, the maximum rate at which data can reliably be transmitted over a line using given hardware.

Logical Link

A temporary connection between source and destination nodes, or between two processes on the same node.

Mbps

Megabits per second.

MIB

Management Information Base, a database of network parameters used by SNMP and CMIP (Common Management Information Protocol) to monitor and change network device settings. It provides a logical naming of all information resources on the network that are pertinent to the network's management.

Multicast

A multicast is a message that is sent out to multiple devices on the network by a host.

Name Server

Software that runs on network hosts charged with translating (or resolving) text-style names into numeric IP addresses.

Network

An interconnected system of computers that can communicate with each other and share files, data and resources.

Network Address

Every node on a network has one or more addresses associated with it, including at least one fixed hardware address such as "ae-34-2c-1d-69-f1" assigned by the device's manufacturer. Most nodes also have protocol specific addresses assigned by a network manager.

Network Management

Administrative services for managing a network, including configuring and tuning, maintaining network operation, monitoring network performance, and diagnosing network problems.

XPort™ User Guide

B-4

Networking Terms

Node

Any intelligent device connected to the network. This includes terminal servers, host computers, and any other devices (such as printers and terminals) that are directly connected to the network. A node can be thought of as any device that has a "hardware address."

Open System Interconnect (OSI)

See "ISO."

Packet

A series of bits containing data and control information, including source and destination node addresses, formatted for transmission from one node to another.

Physical Address

An address identifying a single node.

Physical Layer

Layer 1, the bottom layer of the OSI model, is implemented by the physical channel. The Physical layer insulates Layer 2, the Data Link layer, from medium-dependent physical characteristics such as baseband, broadband, or fiber-optic transmission. Layer 1 defines the protocols that govern transmission media and signals.

Port

The physical connector on a device enabling the connection to be made.

Protocol

Any standard method of communicating over a network.

Remote Access

Access to network resources not located on the same physical Ethernet. (Physical Ethernet here refers to an entire site network topology.)

Router

Device capable of filtering/forwarding packets based upon data link layer information. Whereas a bridge or switch may only read MAC layer addresses to filter, routers are able to read data such as IP addresses and route accordingly.

RS-232 Signals

RXD TXD RTS CTS DTR CD DSR RI

Receive Data Transmit Data Ready to Send Clear to Send Data Terminal Ready Carrier Detect Data Set Ready Ring Indicator

Server

A computer that provides resources to be shared on the network, such as files (file server) or terminals (terminal server).

XPort™ User Guide B-5

Networking Terms

Session

A connection to a network service.

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol, allows a TCP/IP host running an SNMP application to query other nodes for network-related statistics and error conditions. The other hosts, which provide SNMP agents, respond to these queries and allow a single host to gather network statistics from many other network nodes.

Source Code

Programs in an uncompiled or unassembled form.

Switch

Multiport Ethernet device designed to increase network performance by allowing only essential traffic on the attached individual Ethernet segments. Packets are filtered or forwarded based upon their source and destination addresses.

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) are the standard network protocols in UNIX environments. They are usually implemented, used together, and called TCP/IP.

Telnet

Telnet is an application that provides a terminal interface between hosts using the TCP/IP network protocol. It has been standardized so that Telnetting to any host should give one an interactive terminal session, regardless of the remote host type or operating system. Note that this is very different from the LAT software, which allows only local network access to LAT hosts only.

10Base-T

Ethernet running on unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable. Note that 10BASE-T is a point-to-point network media, with one end of the cable typically going to a repeater/hub and the other to the network device.

100Base-TX

Specifies 100-Mbps operation using the CSMA/CD protocol over two pairs of category 5 UTP cable.

Terminal Server

A concentrator that facilitates communication between hosts and terminals.

TFTP

Trivial File Transfer Protocol. On computers that run the TCP/IP networking software, TFTP is used to quickly send files across the network with fewer security features than FTP.

Throughput

The amount of data transmitted between two points in a given amount of time, e.g., 10 Mbps.

XPort™ User Guide

B-6

Networking Terms

Topology

The arrangement of the nodes and connecting hardware that comprises the network. Types include ring, bus, star, and tree.

Twisted-Pair Cable

Inexpensive, multiple-conductor cable comprised of one or more pairs of 18 to 24 gauge copper strands. The strands are twisted to improve protection against electromagnetic and radio frequency interference. The cable, which may be either shielded or unshielded, is used in lowspeed communications, as telephone cable. It is used only in baseband networks because of its narrow bandwidth.

UTP

Unshielded twisted pair, one or more cable pairs surrounded by insulation. UTP is commonly used as telephone wire.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

A network using common carrier transmission services for transmission of data over a large geographical area.

XPort™ User Guide B-7

Lantronix XPort User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

Purpose and Audience

Chapter Summary

Additional Documentation

Capabilities

Applications

Addresses and Port Numbers

Hardware Address

IP Address

Port Numbers

Logon Methods

Required Information

Hardware Address

IP Address

Using DeviceInstaller to Assign an IP Address

Installing DeviceInstaller

Assigning an IP Address

Using Web-Manager to Configure the Unit

Unit Configuration Settings

Server Properties

Port Properties

Serial Port Settings

Connect Mode Settings

Dedicated Connection

Flush Mode Input Buffer

Packing Algorithm

Additional Settings

Factory Settings

Update Settings

Accessing Setup Mode

Using a Telnet Connection

Using the Serial Port

Server Configuration (Network Configuration)

IP Address

Set Gateway IP Address

Netmask: Number of Bits for Host Part

Change Telnet Configuration Password

DHCP Name

Channel 1 Configuration (Serial Port Parameters)

Baudrate

I/F (Interface) Mode

Flow

Port Number

Connect Mode

Remote IP Address

Remote Port

DisConnMode

Flush Mode (Buffer Flushing)

Pack Control

Send Characters

DisConnTime (Inactivity Timeout)

Telnet Terminal Type

Channel (Port) Password

E-mail Settings

E-mail Setup

Trigger Setup

Expert Settings

TCP Keepalive time in seconds

ARP Cache timeout in seconds

Security Settings

Disable SNMP

SNMP Community Name

Disable Telnet Setup

Disable TFTP Firmware Upgrade

Disable Port 77FE (Hex)

Disable Web Server

Disable ECHO Ports

Enable Encryption

Enable Enhanced Password

Disable Port 77F0 (Hex)

Factory Defaults

Channel 1 Configuration

Expert Settings

Security Settings

E-mail Settings

Exit Configuration Mode