Traditionally, Class A and Class A-B amplifiers have dominated the amplifier marketplace. These purely analogue
devices have low power efficiency and most integrated circuit Class A-B amplifiers fall short of true high-fidelity audio
quality.
Class D amplifiers however, solve the efficiency problem by using switching pulse-width modulation technology.
However, this produces audio quality that is far inferior to class A or AB, so efficiency is gained at the expense of audio
fidelity. The ‘Holy Grail’ of amplification: High audio quality AND high power efficiency has long eluded the market.
Enter the CA range of power amplifiers delivering audiophile performance and very high efficiency.
If you have measured the output waveforms of CA amplifiers using traditional equipment
and methods, you may have observed an unusual characteristic in the output waveform
when the amplifier is driven close its maximum output. This characteristic appears to be a
high frequency oscillation near the waveform peaks.
In reality, this apparent oscillation is an audio quality enhancement characteristic of the
CA amplifier. The apparent oscillations are well outside the audio bandwidth, and are a
unique feature of the digital power processor.
As the input signal, to any conventional amplifier is increased, at some point the output of the amplifier will distort/clip
i.e. ‘Square’ off. This is bad news because the for a split second the loudspeaker is not moving at all but still dissipating
potentially huge power levels, this is the main cause of (expensive) compression driver failure.
When the CA power amplifier goes into this distortion region, it exhibits high frequency break-up of the peaks as shown
above. This is actually the amplifier resetting the control processor overloads at a frequency far above the audible range.
This is not instability or oscillation, nor does it degrade the performance of the amplifier in any way. In addition the CA
series power amplifiers also have the ability to run almost rail-to-rail, and thus will not lose negative feedback. In other
words, it will retain control of the load at all times.
No Filtering on output
Measurement of THD%+N
Unless your distortion analyser is designed to reject out of band noise when measuring THD (And very few are), the THD
measurement actually reflects harmonic distortion plus any noise present up to the bandwidth of the analyser and so is
actually a measurement of THD+N. Since the CA range of amplifiers have energy far outside the audible frequency
range (As do inferior class D amplifiers), a test designed for linear amplifiers (such as class A, AB) will not yield valid
results when applied to a CA amplifier. A sharp cut-off low-pass filter must be inserted between the amplifiers outputs
and the test equipment’s inputs prior to making any distortion measurements. Some measurement equipment (Such as
Audio Precision2) have high quality low pass filters which can be used to limit the test bandwidth. Using these filters (as
shown below) you will achieve what ‘looks’ like a high quality linear amplifier. Even though there appears to be ‘lots
going on’ outside the audio bandwidth, the CA amplifier is designed to be well within current and future EMC guidelines,
and as such is quieter than most linear amplifiers.
Output with 30Khz Low-pass filter
D:\RST\MISC\CA Series Ampifers THD measurement.doc
Created by R&D3 On 07/11/00Page 1/1
CA3000
CA3000 CARTON
1
SPECIAL MAINS LEAD
1
CA3000 CHASSIS ASSY
10462
10702
10959CA SERIES MANUAL1
7915/6
CA3000
CA3000 CHASSIS ASSY
10000UF 100V CAPACITOR/SAM
4
M3x25MM HEX SPACER
4
3A THERMAL RELEASE SWITCH
2
3MM SOLDER TAG
2
6mm SOLDER TAG
4
100mm TIE WRAP
30
M3*20 PLASTIC SPACER HEX
4
SHORT BOARD SPACER 12.7MM
4
B1/CA OUTPUT ASSY PCB 9333
-2
3mm HEX NUT
2
3*5mm PAN POZI
8
4mm HEX NUT
27
4*12mm PAN POZI
16
4*8 PAN POZI TAPTE
8
5*12mm PAN POZI
1
5mm BRASS HEX NUT
1
6 WAY END CONNECTOR
8
3 WAY IDC CONNECTOR
12
NO 4*1/4 PLASTITE
20
4mm NUTSERT
14
4 X 3/8 PAN POZI AB BLK PO
6
35A BRIDGE RECTIFIER
2
EARTH WARNING LABEL
1
HC25/50 4.8 FASTON
34
POZI LOCK NYLON BOOT
30
3*6mm PAN POZI Z/B
10
4*10mm SMALL F/H
12
M8 * 60 ROOFING BOLT
2
S/A SQUARE RUBBER FOOT20MM
4
50mm CAPACITOR CLAMP
4
ALUMINIUM SHEET
0.006
75MM CA HEATSINK EXT
-4
CA3000 FAC1A
-1
CA3000 REAR PANEL
-1
CHASSIS MOUNT MAINS FILTER
2
7915(/6)
->002022
->002204680NF 250V 22.9mm6
->005077
->005320
->005321
(->005324 5A THERMAL RELEASE SWITCH 2)
->005323 6A FILTERED MAINS INLET (1/2)
->005510
->0055115MM SOLDER TAG12
->005512
->005558
->005612M3*8 METAL SPACER2
->005632
->005659
->005666RED P402 KNOB4
->007906
->009150
->0091513mm INT SHAKEPROOF4
->009152
->009160
->0091614mm INT. SHAKEPROOF27
->009162
->009167
->009171M5 INT SHAKEPROOF8
->009173
->009181
->009183WASHER 10MM O/D X 3 1/2MM4
->009190
->009199
->009200NO 6*3/8 FLANGE POZI24
->009204
->009217
->0092283*12 ZINC PAN POZI2
->009235
->522032
->530027DPST EQ MAINS SWITCH2
->540038
->541004
->5410531/4" LG RECEPTACLE35
->541071
->581001
->5820054*25 PAN POZI18
->582007
->586002
->5860238mm SHKPRF WASHER2
->589020
->589041
->5P-50036MX500 CAP STRAP-2
->->79052
->8P-5068
->8P-5073CA3000 RACK WING-2
->8P-5074
->8P-5075
->8P-5076CA3000 FACIA TRIM DRG 3151-1
CA3000
CA3000 LID DRG 3158
-1
CA SERIES HANDLE DWG 3128
-2
CA3000 TRIP MOUNTING BRACK
-1
CA3000 MAINS TX + CRIMPS 2
-2
->8P-5077
->8P-9256
->8P-9257CA SERIES HANDLE SPACER2
->8P-9259
->8T-6148A
CA3000
B1/CA OUTPUT ASSY PCB 9333
-2
33R 6W(5W)
4
OR01 2W5 5% WIREWOUND RESI
8
18KSM 1206 1% RESISTOR
4
47R 5% RESISTOR
2
10K 5% RESISTOR
22
4K7 5% RESISTOR
8
47K 5% RESISTOR
6
1K 5% RESISTOR
4
10K 1W RESISTOR
2
680R 5W RESISTOR
2
ZERO OHM RESISTOR
2
1000UF 25V RADIAL
6
10UF 50V CAPACITOR
2
1UF 63V RADIAL
4
220UF 25V CAPACITOR
2
100UF 100V RADIAL CAP
4
220N 250V POLYPROPYLENE CA
4
1u63V 10% POLYESTER CAP'
4
100NF 400V 15MM
4
47PF 500V CERAMIC
4
1N4007 DIODE
12
15V 1.3W ZENER
2
1.5A 200V BRIDGE
2
3mm GREEN LED
4
5MM FERRITE BEAD
10
MPSA42/43 TRANSISTOR
4
STW38NB20 N CHANNEL MOSFET
8
LM7812 12V REGULATOR
2
BAS16 DIODE
14
BC857B TRANSISTOR
2
34072 IC (SMD TL072)
2
7815 IC VOLT'REGULATOR
2
7915 IC VOLT'REGULATOR
2
10K HORIZ PRESET
4
HEATSINK TV5
6
->007906
->->001067
->->0010685R6 1W 5% WW RESISTOR8
->->001069
->->001070
->->001300ORO SHORTING LINK4
->->001302
->->001306
->->0013091M 5% RESISTOR8
->->001312
->->001315
->->0013186K8 5% RESISTOR2
->->001327
->->001400
->->0015111K 2.5W RESISTOR4
->->001705
->->001920
->->00200447UF 50V RADIAL8
->->002009
->->002013
->->002014100UF 35V RADIAL2
->->002025
->->002029
->->002035100N 100V 5MM BOX POLY12
->->002036
->->002039
->->002041100N 250V 5MM POLYESTER CA4
->->002042
->->002410
->->002419100NF 63V 5mm16
->->002818
->->003000
->->0030073V9 .5W ZENER DIODE4
->->003014
->->003017
->->00301810V .5W ZENER DIODE2
->->003022
->->003041
->->003042BYW100-200-FAST RECOVERY D8
->->003411
->->003422
->->003423TA0104A TRIPATH DIGITAL AM2
->->003424
->->003500
->->003503BC847B TRANSISTOR6
->->003504
->->003508
->->003610TIP31C TRANSISTOR4
->->003901
->->003902
->->0039057805 IC2
->->004019
->->005030
->->0050366 WAY LOCKING HEADER2
CA3000
CA SERIES INPUT PCB 9339 A
-2
22K 1206 1% RESISTOR
12
ORO SHORTING LINK
22
100R 5% RESISTOR
4
ZERO OHM RESISTOR
4
56KSM 1206 1% RESISTOR
4
10UF 50V CAPACITOR
16
100NF 63V 5mm
12
100PF 50V 10% COG
4
470PF 50V 10% COG
4
5MM FERRITE BEAD
8
BAS16 DIODE
24
7815 IC VOLT'REGULATOR
2
7915 IC VOLT'REGULATOR
2
STEREO JACK SOCKET
4
HEATSINK TV5
4
XLR SOCKET FEMALE
4
3 WAY LOCKING HEADER
6
2 POLE 2 WAY (MX)
2
3 WAY IDC CONNECTOR
2
4P 3W SLIDE SWITCH
2
SHORTING LINK (IDC)
4
->007909
->->001071
->->00107239K 1206 1% RESISTOR4
->->001300
->->001303
->->0013271K 5% RESISTOR4
->->001920
->->001923
->->00192410KSM 1206 1% RESISTOR24
->->002013
->->002419
->->00260247PF 50V 10% COG2
->->002603
->->002605
->->0030343mm LED YELLOW4
->->003041
->->003500
->->003509MC33078 IC8
->->003901
->->003902
->->00401910K HORIZ PRESET4
->->005003
->->005030
->->0050366 WAY LOCKING HEADER4
->->005054
->->005063
->->0050653 WAY NON LOCKING4
->->005610
->->009199
->->009339PCB ISSUE 22
->->530023
->->543508
CA3000
PCB 9342-VU ASSY
-1
1K .25W RESISTOR
1
10K .25W RESISTOR
1
ORO SHORTING LINK
3
10K 5% RESISTOR
5
470R 5% RESISTOR
4
ZERO OHM RESISTOR
3
10UF 50V CAPACITOR
4
220NF 250V 15MM DIPPED POL
4
5V1 .5W ZENER DIODE
1
SURGE GUARD SCK20-10-8A
2
3mm LED RED
8
BC847B TRANSISTOR
2
LB1413 BARGRAPH DRIVER
4
B10K 27.5MM POT
4
6 WAY LOCKING HEADER
2
3 WAY NON LOCKING
4
4.8MM TERMINAL SPADE
10
10 TURN CHOKE
4
SPEAKON SOCKET
6
->007971
->->001003
->->0010052K2 .25W RESISTOR1
->->001014
->->001300
->->0013052K2 5% RESISTOR1
->->001306
->->001311
->->0013271K 5% RESISTOR7
->->001920
->->002013
->->00240122NF 400V 10MM4
->->002402
->->003011
->->0030223mm GREEN LED13
->->003031
->->003033
->->0030343mm LED YELLOW4
->->003503
->->003805
->->00401910K HORIZ PRESET4
->->004110
->->005036
->->00504716A 24V RELAY2
->->005065
->->005686
->->009342CA3000 VU/SS ARRAY PCB1
->->571014
->->530066
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