Overhaul Manual - LT230T Transfer gearbox LRL 0081 3rd edition
Publication Part No. LRL 0410ENG (2nd Edition)
Land Rover 2001
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, electronic,
mechanical, recording or other means without prior permission from Land Rover.
CONTENTS
01 INTRODUCTION
04 GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA
05 ENGINE TUNING DATA
07 GENERAL FITTING REMINDERS
09 LUBRICANTS, FLUIDS AND CAPACITIES
10 MAINTENANCE
12 ENGINE
17 EMISSION CONTROL
18 ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
19 FUEL SYSTEM
26 COOLING SYSTEM
30 MANIFOLD AND EXHAUST SYSTEM
33 CLUTCH
37 MANUAL GEARBOX
41 TRANSFER GEARBOX
47 PROPELLER SHAFTS
57 STEERING
60 FRONT SUSPENSION
64 REAR SUSPENSION
70 BRAKES
76 CHASSIS AND BODY
77 PANEL REPAIRS
82 AIR CONDITIONING
84 WIPERS AND WASHERS
86 ELECTRICAL
88 INSTRUMENTS
READING THIS SUPPLEMENT14........................................................................
Page
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
This Workshop Manual Supplement covers vehicles
from 1999 and 2002 model year onwards. The Body
Repair Manual has also been incorporated into this
supplement. Amendments and additional pages will
be issued, when necessary, to ensure that the
supplement covers latest models.
This Supplement is designed to assist skilled
technicians in the efficient repair and maintenance of
Land Rover Defender vehicles.
Individuals who undertake their own repairs should
have some skill and training, and limit repairs to
components which could not affect the safety of the
vehicle or its passengers. Any repairs required to
safety critical items such as steering, brakes,
suspension or supplementary restraint system should
be carried out by a Land Rover Dealer. Repairs to
such items should NEVER be attempted by untrained
individuals.
WARNINGS, CAUTIONS and NOTES are given
throughout this Manual in the following form:
WARNING: Procedures which must be
followed precisely to avoid the possibility
of personal injury.
CAUTION: This calls attention to
procedures which must be followed to
avoid damage to components.
NOTE: This calls attention to methods
which make a job easier or gives helpful
information.
REFERENCES
References to the left or right hand side in the manual
are made when viewing the vehicle from the rear.
With the engine and gearbox assembly removed, the
crankshaft end of the engine is referred to as the front.
To reduce repetition, some operations covered in this
Supplement do not include reference to testing the
vehicle after repair.
It is essential that work is inspected and tested after
completion and if necessary a road test of the vehicle
is carried out, particularly where safety related items
are concerned.
REPAIRS AND REPLACEMENTS
When replacement parts are required it is essential
that Land Rover parts are used.
Attention is particularly drawn to the following points
concerning repairs and the fitting of replacement parts
and accessories: Safety features embodied in the
vehicle may be impaired if other than Land Rover
parts are fitted. In certain territories, legislation
prohibits the fitting of parts not to the vehicle
manufacturer’s specification. Torque spanner values
given in the Supplement must be strictly adhered to.
Locking devices, where specified, must be fitted. If the
efficiency of a locking device is impaired during
removal it must be replaced with a new one. Certain
fasteners must not be re-used. These fasteners are
specified in the Supplement.
DIMENSIONS
The dimensions quoted are to design engineering
specification. Alternative unit equivalents, shown in
brackets following the dimensions, have been
converted from the original specification.
POISONOUS SUBSTANCES
Many liquids and other substances used are
poisonous and therefore must not be consumed. It is
also advisable to keep all substances away from open
wounds. These substances among others include
anti-freeze, brake fluid, fuel, windscreen washer
additives, air conditioning refrigerant, lubricants and
various adhesives.
INFORMATION
1
01
INTRODUCTION
FUEL HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
The following information provides basic precautions
which must be observed if fuel is to be handled safely.
It also outlines the other areas of risk which must not
be ignored.
This information is issued for basic guidance only, and
in any case of doubt, appropriate enquiries should be
made of your local Fire Officer or Fire Department.
Fuel vapour is highly flammable and in confined
spaces is also very explosive and toxic and when
diluted with air becomes a readily ignitable mixture.
The vapour is heavier than air and will always fall to
the lowest level. It can readily be distributed
throughout a workshop by air current, consequently,
even a small spillage of fuel is very dangerous.
Always have a fire extinguisher containing FOAM COGAS, or POWDER close at hand when handling fuel,
or when dismantling fuel systems and in areas where
fuel containers are stored.
WARNING: lt is imperative that the battery
is not disconnected during fuel system
repairs as arcing at the battery terminal
could ignite fuel vapour in the atmosphere.
Always disconnect the vehicle battery BEFORE
carrying out work on the fuel system.
Whenever fuel is being handled, transferred or
stored, or when fuel systems are being dismantled
all forms of ignition must be extinguished or
removed, any leadlamps used must be flame proof
and kept clear of spillage.
No one should be permitted to repair components
associated with fuel without first having had fuel
system training.
Hot fuel handling precautions
WARNING: Before commencing any
operation requiring fuel to be drained from
the fuel tank, the following procedure must
be adhered to:
1. Allow sufficient time for the fuel to cool, thus
avoiding contact with hot fuels.
2. Vent the system by removing the fuel filler cap in
a well ventilated area. Refit the filler cap until the
commencement of fuel drainage.
Fuel transfer
WARNING: Fuel must not be extracted or
drained from any vehicle while it is
standing over a pit.
2
The transfer of fuel from the vehicle fuel tank must be
carried out in a well ventilated area. An approved
transfer tank must be used according to the transfer
tank manufacturer’s instructions and local regulations,
including attention to grounding of tanks.
Fuel tank removal
A FUEL VAPOUR warning label must be attached to
the fuel tank upon removal from the vehicle.
Fuel tank repair
Under no circumstances should a repair to any tank
be attempted.
INFORMATION
2
INTRODUCTION
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
Many ’0’ ring seals, flexible pipes and other similar
items which appear to be natural rubber are made of
synthetic materials called Fluoroelastomers. Under
normal operating conditions this material is safe, and
does not present a health hazard. However, if the
material is damaged by fire or excessive heat, it can
break down and produce highly corrosive Hydrofluoric
acid which can cause serious burns on contact with
skin. Should the material be in a burnt or overheated
condition handle only with seamless industrial gloves.
Decontaminate and dispose of the gloves immediately
after use.
If skin contact does occur, remove any contaminated
clothing immediately and obtain medical assistance
without delay. In the meantime, wash the affected
area with copious amounts of cold water or limewater
for fifteen to sixty minutes.
RECOMMENDED SEALANTS
A number of branded products are recommended in
this manual for use during maintenance and repair
work.
These items include:
HYLOMAR GASKET AND JOINTING COMPOUND
and
HYLOSIL RTV SILICONE COMPOUND.
They should be available locally from garage
equipment suppliers. If there is any problem obtaining
supplies, contact the following company for advice
and the address of the nearest supplier.
MARSTON LUBRICANTS LTD.
Hylo House,
Cale Lane,
New Springs,
Wigan WN2 1JR
USED ENGINE OIL
WARNING: Prolonged and repeated
contact with engine or motor oil will result
in the removal of natural fats from the
skin, leading to dryness, irritation and dermatitis.
Used engine oil contains potentially harmful
contaminants which may cause skin cancer.
Adequate means of skin protection and washing
facilities should be provided.
Handling precautions
1. Avoid prolonged and repeated contact with oils,
particularly used engine oils.
2. Wear protective clothing, including impervious
gloves where applicable.
3. Do not put oily rags in pockets.
4. Avoid contaminating clothes, particularly
underwear, with oil.
5. Overalls must be cleaned regularly. Discard
unwashable clothing and oil impregnated
footwear.
6. First aid treatment must be obtained immediately
for open cuts and wounds.
7. Use barrier creams, before each work period, to
help the removal of oil from the skin.
8. Wash with soap and water to ensure all oil is
removed (skin cleansers and nail brushes will
help). Preparations containing lanolin replace the
natural skin oils which have been removed.
9. Do not use gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel,
petrol, thinners or solvents for washing the skin.
10. If skin disorders develop, obtain medical advice.
11. Where practicable, degrease components prior
to handling.
12. Where there is a risk of eye contact, eye
protection should be worn, for example, goggles
or face shields; in addition an eye wash facility
should be provided.
Disposing of used oils
Environmental protection precaution
Tel 01942 824242
It is illegal to pour used oil onto the ground, down
sewers or drains, or into waterways.
Dispose of used oil through authorised waste disposal
contractors. If in doubt contact your Local Authority for
advice on disposal facilities.
INFORMATION
3
01
INTRODUCTION
ACCESSORIES AND CONVERSIONS
DO NOT FIT unapproved accessories or conversions,
as they could affect the safety of the vehicle.
Land Rover will not accept liability for death, personal
injury, or damage to property which may occur as a
direct result of the fitting of non-approved conversions
to the vehicle.
WHEELS AND TYRES
WARNING: DO NOT replace the road
wheels with any type other than genuine
Land Rover wheels which are designed for
multi-purpose on and off road use and have very
important relationships with the proper operation
of the suspension system and vehicle handling.
Replacement tyres must be of the make and sizes
recommended for the vehicle, and all tyres must
be the same make, ply rating and tread pattern.
SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS
The use of approved special service tools is
important. They are essential if service operations are
to be carried out efficiently, and safely. Where special
tools are specified, only these tools should be used
to avoid the posibility of personal injury or
damage to the components.Also, the amount of time
which they can save can be considerable.
Special tools bulletins will be issued periodically giving
details of new tools as they are introduced.
All orders and enquiries from the United Kingdom
should be sent direct to Cartool (UK) Ltd. Overseas
orders should be placed with the local Cartool
distributor, where one exists. Countries where there is
no distributor may order direct from:
Cartool (UK) Ltd.
Unit 3,
Sterling Business Park,
Brackmills,
Northampton,
England, NN4 7EX.
STEAM CLEANING
To prevent consequential rusting, any steam cleaning
within the engine bay MUST be followed by careful
re-waxing of the metallic components affected.
Particular attention must be given to the steering
column, engine coolant pipes and hose clips.
SPECIFICATION
The specification details and instructions set out in
this Supplement apply only to a range of vehicles and
not to any one. For the specification of a particular
vehicle purchasers should consult their Dealer.
The Manufacturer reserves the right to vary
specifications with or without notice, and at such times
and in such manner as it thinks fit. Major as well as
minor changes may be involved in accordance with
the Manufacturer’s policy of constant product
improvement.
Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of
the particulars contained in this Supplement, neither
the Manufacturer or Dealer, by whom this Supplement
is supplied, shall in any circumstances be held liable
for any inaccuracy or the consequences thereof.
The tools recommended in this Workshop Manual are
listed in an illustrated catalogue, obtainable from:
Land Rover Publications,
Character Mailing,
Heysham Road,
Bootle,
Merseyside, L70 1JL
INFORMATION
4
JACKING
The following instructions must be carried out before
raising the vehicle off the ground.
1. Use a solid level ground surface.
2. Apply parking brake.
3. Select 1st gear in main gearbox.
4. Select Low range in transfer gearbox.
CAUTION: To avoid damage occurring to
the under body components of the vehicle
the following jacking procedures must be
adhered to.
DO NOT POSITION JACKS OR AXLE STANDS
UNDER THE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS.
Body structure
Bumpers
Fuel lines
Brake lines
Front radius arms
Panhard rod
Steering linkage
Rear Trailing links
Fuel tank
Engine sump
Gearbox bell housing
INTRODUCTION
Jack or support vehicle by axles only.
Vehicle jack
The jack provided with the vehicle is only intended to
be used in an emergency, for changing a tyre. Do
NOT use the jack for any other purpose. Refer to
Owner’s Manual for vehicle jack location points and
procedure. Never work under a vehicle supported by
the vehicle jack.
Hydraulic jack
A hydraulic jack with a minimum 1500 kg, 3,300 lbs
load capacity must be used, see illustration J6083.
CAUTION: Do not commence work on the
underside of the vehicle until suitable axle
stands have been positioned under the
axle, see J6084.
Raise the front of the vehicle
1. Position cup of hydraulic arm under differential
casing.
NOTE: The differential casing is not
central to the axle. Care should be taken
when raising the front road wheels off the
ground as the rear axle has less sway stiffness.
2. Raise front road wheels to enable an axle stand
to be installed under left hand axle tube.
INFORMATION
5
01
INTRODUCTION
3. Position an axle stand under right hand axle
tube, carefully lower jack until axle sits securely
on both axle stands, remove trolley jack.
4. Before commencing work on underside of
vehicle re-check security of vehicle on stands.
5. Reverse procedure when removing vehicle from
stands.
Raise rear of vehicle
1. Position cup of hydraulic arm under differential
casing.
2. Raise vehicle to enable axle stands to be
installed under left and right hand axle tubes.
3. Lower jack until axle sits securely on axle
stands, remove trolley jack.
4. Before commencing work on underside of
vehicle re-check security of vehicle on stands.
5. Reverse procedure when removing vehicle from
stands.
HYDRAULIC VEHICLE RAMP (FOUR POST)
Use only a ’drive on’ type ramp which supports vehicle
on its road wheels. If a ’wheel-free’ condition is
required, use a ’drive on’ ramp incorporating a
’wheel-free’ system providing support beneath axle
casings. Alternatively, place vehicle on a firm, flat floor
and support on axle stands.
DYNAMOMETER TESTING
The front and rear axles cannot be driven
independently.
WARNING: DO NOT attempt to drive
individual wheels with vehicle supported
on floor jacks or stands.
Four wheel dynamometers
Provided that front and rear dynamometer rollers are
rotating at identical speeds and that normal workshop
safety standards are applied, there is no speed
restriction during testing except any that may apply to
the tyres.
Two wheel dynamometers
IMPORTANT: Use a four wheel dynamometer for
brake testing if possible.
If brake testing on a single axle rig is necessary it
must be carried out with propeller shaft to rear axle
removed, AND neutral selected in BOTH main
gearbox and transfer gearbox. When checking brakes,
run engine at idle speed to maintain servo vacuum.
If checking engine performance, the transfer box must
be in high range and propeller shaft to stationary axle
must be removed.
TWO POST VEHICLE RAMPS
The manufacturer of LAND ROVER VEHICLES
DOES NOT recommend using ’Two Post’ ramps
that employ four adjustable support arms. These
are NOT considered safe for Land Rover vehicles.
If vehicle is installed on a Two Post ramp
responsibility for safety of vehicle and personnel
performing service operations is in the hands of
the Service Provider.
INFORMATION
6
INTRODUCTION
TOWING
CAUTION: The vehicle has permanent
four-wheel drive. The following towing
instructions must be adhered to:
Towing the vehicle on all four wheels with driver
operating steering and brakes.
1. Turn ignition key to position ’1’ to release
steering lock.
2. Select neutral in main gearbox and transfer
gearbox.
Rear suspended tow by breakdown vehicle
1. If the front axle is to be trailed turn ignition key to
position ’1’ to release steering lock.
2. Select neutral in main gearbox and transfer box.
CAUTION: The steering wheel and/or
linkage must be secured in a straight
ahead position. DO NOT use the steering
lock mechanism for this purpose.
TRANSPORTING THE VEHICLE BY TRAILER
Lashing/towing eyes are provided on front and rear of
the chassis side members, see J6085, to facilitate the
securing of the vehicle to a trailer or other means of
transportation.
CAUTION: Underbody components must
not be used as lashing points.
Install vehicle on trailer and apply park brake. Select
neutral in main gearbox.
3. Secure tow rope, chain or cable to front towing
eyes (alternative types shown).
4. Release the parking brake.
CAUTION: The brake servo and power
assisted steering system will not be
functional without the engine running.
Greater pedal pressure will be required to apply
the brakes, the steering system will require
greater effort to turn the front road wheels.
The vehicle tow connection should be used only
in normal road conditions, ’snatch’ recovery
should be avoided.
INFORMATION
7
01
JUMP STARTING
flames, sparks or lighted tobacco are brought
near battery. When charging or using a battery in
an enclosed space, always provide ventilation and
shield your eyes.
Keep out of reach of children. Batteries contain
sulphuric acid. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or
clothing. Also, shield eyes when working near
battery to protect against possible splashing of
acid solution. In case of acid contact with skin,
eyes, or clothing, flush immediately with water for
a minimum of fifteen minutes. If acid is swallowed,
drink large quantities of milk or water, followed by
milk of magnesia, a beaten egg, or vegetable oil.
SEEK MEDICAL AID IMMEDIATELY.
To Jump Start - Negative Ground Battery
INTRODUCTION
WARNING: Hydrogen and oxygen gases
are produced during normal battery
operation. This gas mixture can explode if
WARNING: To avoid any possibility of
injury use particular care when connecting
a booster battery to a discharged battery.
WARNING: Making final cable connection
could cause an electrical arc which if
made near battery could cause an
explosion.
3. If booster battery is installed in another vehicle,
start engine and allow to idle.
4. Start engine of vehicle with discharged battery,
following starting procedure in Owners’ Manual.
1. Position vehicles so that jump leads will reach,
ensuring that vehicles DO NOT TOUCH,
alternatively a fully charged slave battery may be
positioned on floor adjacent to vehicle.
2. Ensuring that ignition and all electrical
accessories are switched off, that parking brake
is applied and neutral is selected, connect the
jump leads as follows;
A. Connect one end of first jumper cable to positive
(+) terminal of booster battery.
B. Connect other end of first jumper cable to positive
(+) terminal of discharged battery.
C. Connect one end of second jumper cable to
negative terminal of booster battery.
D. Connect other end of second jumper cable to a
good earth point on the disabled vehicle (eg. engine
front lifting eye, as shown in J6086), NOT TO
NEGATIVE TERMINAL OF DISCHARGED
BATTERY. Keep jumper lead away from moving
parts, pulleys, drive belts and fan blade assembly.
CAUTION: If vehicle fails to start within a
maximum time of 12 seconds, switch
ignition off and investigate cause. Failing
to follow this instruction could result in
irrepairable damage to catalyst, if fitted.
5. Remove negative (-) jumper cable from the
engine and then terminal of booster battery.
6. Remove positive (+) jumper cable from positive
terminals of booster battery and discharged
battery.
INFORMATION
8
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED IN THIS
MANUAL
INTRODUCTION
Across flats (bolt size)AF............................................
After bottom dead centreABDC...................................
After top dead centreATDC.........................................
Full throttle, wide open throttle(WOT).........................
10
INFORMATION
VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN)
The Vehicle Identification Number and the
recommended maximum vehicle weights are stamped
on a plate riveted to the brake pedal box in the engine
compartment. The VIN is also stamped on a plate
visible through the LH side of the windscreen.
INTRODUCTION
a. Identification
b. Maximum permitted laden weight for vehicle
c. Maximum vehicle and trailer weight
d. Maximum road weight-front axle
e. Maximum road weight-rear axle
f. Paint code
g. Trim level
The number is also stamped on the RH side of the
chassis to the rear of the front lashing eye, see J6089.
The Vehicle Identification Number identifies the
manufacturer, model range, wheel base, body type,
engine, steering, transmission, model year and place
of manufacture. The following example shows the
coding process.
SAL LD H M 8 7 X A
SAL = World manufacturer identifier
LD = Land Rover Defender
H = 110 inch, V= 90inch, K= 130 inch
M = 4 door Station Wagon, A= 90 Soft Top, Hard Top,
Pick-up, B= 2 door Station Wagon, E= 2 door 130
Crew cab, F= 4 door 130 Crew cab, H= 130 High
Capacity Pick-up
The Td5 engine number is stamped on the LH side of
the cylinder block, below the exhaust manifold.
Main gearbox R380 serial number
Stamped on a cast pad on the bottom RH side of the
gearbox.
Transfer gearbox LT230 serial number
12
The serial number is stamped on the LH side of the
gearbox casing below the mainshaft rear bearing
housing adjacent to the bottom cover.
INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION
Front axle serial number
Stamped on the front of LH axle tube, inboard of
radius arm mounting bracket.
Rear axle serial number
FAULT DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT
TESTBOOK
For Defender models fitted with the vehicle Anti-theft
Immobilisation and Alarm System, diagnostic
equipment, named TestBook, is available to assist in
the diagnostic and fault finding abilities of the Dealer
workshop. A diagnostic connector, located under the
front centre seat, or cubby box, as shown below, is
provided to facilitate the procedures.
Stamped on the rear of LH axle tube, inboard of
spring mounting.
If an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system is fitted,
this too can be checked using TestBook. A diagnostic
connector, also located under the front centre seat or
cubby box, is provided.
Features of Testbook include :-
Fully upgradable support for the technician.
Structured diagnostics to accommodate all skill levels.
Touch screen operation.
Direct print out of screen information and test results.
INFORMATION
13
01
READING THIS SUPPLEMENT
This Supplement is divided into sections shown on the
contents page, alongside a range of icons, familiar to
service technicians.
Relevant information is contained within each of these
sections. These are further divided into the following
sub-sections which appear at the foot of each page :-
Description and operation.
Adjustment.
Repair.
Overhaul.
To avoid repeating information through the sections,
where part of the repair operation impacts on another
section, a cross reference is given to direct the reader
to where the information is sited.
INTRODUCTION
For example:
The maintenance section states the need to renew
drive belt. A cross reference sites this information in:
Section 12 Engine
* Check with vehicle on level ground, in unladen
condition and five gallons of fuel. Rock the front of the
vehicle up and down to allow it to take up a normal
static position.
Turning circle between kerbs
90 models:
265/75 x 16 tyres12,65 m (41.5 ft)..............................................................
All other tyres11,70 m (38.4 ft)...................................................................
110 models:
750 x 16 tyres13,41 m (44 ft)..................................................................
130 models:
750 x 16 tyres15,24 m (50 ft)..................................................................
INFORMATION
5
04
SUSPENSION
TypeCoil springs controlled by telescopic dampers front.................................................................................
FrontTransverse location of axle by Panhard rod, and fore.................................................................................
RearFore and aft movement inhibited by two tubular trailing.................................................................................
ROAD SPRING DATA
90 (2400 Kg)Part No.Colour Code
Front - Driver’s sideNRC 9446Blue/green
Front - Passenger sideNRC 9447Blue/yellow
Rear - Driver’s sideNRC 9448Blue/red
Rear - Passenger sideNRC 9449Yellow/white
GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA
and rear.
and aft location by two radius arms. Anti-roll bar fitted
as standard on 90 models with 265/75 tyres and 130
models.
links. Lateral location of axle by a centrally positioned
’A’ frame, upperlink assembly, bolted at the apex to a
ball joint mounting. Anti-roll bar fitted as standard on
90 models with 265/75 tyres, 110 models with self
levelling unit, and 130 models.
90 (2550 Kg)
Front - Driver’s sideNRC 9446Blue/green
Front - passenger sideNRC 9447Blue/yellow
Rear - Driver’s sideNRC 9462Green/yellow/red
Rear - Passenger sideNRC 9463Green/yellow/white
110 (3050 Kg)
Front - both sidesNRC 8045Yellow/yellow
Rear - both sidesNRC 6904Red/green
110 Levelled (2950 Kg)
Front - both sidesNRC 8045Yellow/yellow
Rear - both sidesNRC 7000Green/white
110 (3400 Kg)
Front - both sidesNRC 8045Yellow/yellow
Rear - both sidesNRC 6904Red/green
Rear helper springs - both sidesRRC 3266No colour code
110 (3600 Kg)
Front - Driver’s sideNRC 9448Blue/red
Front - passenger sideNRC 9449Yellow/white
Rear - both sidesNRC 6904Red/green
Rear helper springs - both sidesRRC 3226No colour code
130 (3500 Kg)
Front - driver’s sideNRC 9448Blue/red
Front - passenger sideNRC 9449Yellow/white
Rear - driver’s sideNRC 6389Red/red
Rear - passenger sideNRC 6904Red/green
Front/rear helper springs - both sidesRRC 3266No colour code