LaMotte TDS 5 User Manual

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TC-3000e • Code 1964-EPA

TC-3000i • Code 1964-ISO

Version 1.5 • Code 1964-MN • 11-27-07

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WARNING! This set contains chemicals

that may be harmful if misused. Read

cautions on individual containers

carefully. Not to be used by children

except under adult supervision.

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CONTENTS

Introduction

Turbidity

WhatisTurbidity?.............................5

HowisTurbidityMeasured?........................5

TakingTurbidityWaterSamples.......................7

Chlorine

WhatisChlorine?.............................7

HowisChlorineMeasured?........................7

TakingChlorineWaterSamples ......................8

Color

WhatisColor?..............................8

HowisColorMeasured? .........................8

SampleDilutionTechniques...........................9

Options and Set Up

FactoryDefaultSettings ............................10

ResettoFactoryDefaultSettings.........................10

Turbidity

SelectingTurbidityUnits..........................10

SelectingaTurbidityCalibrationCurve...................11

Chlorine

SelectingChlorineUnits .........................13

SelectingaChlorineReagentSystem ...................14

Averaging.................................15-16

SettingDate&Time............................16-17

SelectingaLanguage.............................18

SettingAutoShutdown.............................19

Data Logging .............................20-21

Tube Positioning Ring...........................22

Analysis and Calibration

Turbidity

Analysis...............................23-25

DilutionProcedures ...........................26

PreparationofTurbidity-FreeWater...................26-27

TurbidityStandards............................28

CalibrationProcedure.........................28-32

TestingTips .............................32-33

Chlorine

Analysis.................................33

TabletDPDReagents.........................33-38

LiquidDPDReagents.........................39-44

CONTENTS 3

Page 4

Dilutionprocedures ...........................45

StandardSolutions..........................45-48

CalibrationProcedure-Tablets ....................48-51

CalibrationProcedure-Liquid.....................48-51

TestingTips...............................52

Color

Analysis...............................52-54

DilutionProcedures ...........................54

StandardSolutions............................54

CalibrationProcedure.........................55-58

TestingTips...............................58

Troubleshooting Guide..........................59

General Operating Information

Overview.................................60-61

TheKeypad..................................62

TheDisplay&Menus............................63-65

Tube ....................................65

PC Link ..................................66

Output....................................66

ComputerConnection.............................66

Battery Operation

ReplacingtheBattery..............................66

Maintenance

Cleaning...................................66

MeterDisposal................................67

Repairs....................................67

General Information

PackagingandDelivery ............................68

GeneralPrecautions..............................68

SafetyPrecautions...............................68

Limits of Liability ................................68

Specifications...............................69-70

StatisticalandTechnicalDefinitionsRelatedtoProductSpecifications........71

ContentsandAccessories ...........................72

EPACompliance ...............................73

ISOCompliance ...............................73

CECompliance................................73

Warranty...................................73

4 CONTENTS

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INTRODUCTION

TURBIDITY

What is Turbidity?

Turbidity is an aggregate property of the solution, water in most cases. Turbidity is not specific to the types of particles in the water. They could be suspended or colloidal matter and they can be inorganic, organic or biological. At high concentrations turbidity is perceived as cloudiness or haze or an absence of clarity in the water. Turbidity is an optical property that results when light passing through a liquid sample is scattered. The scattering of light results in a change in the direction of the light passing through the liquid. This is most often caused when the light strikes particles in solution and is scattered backward, sideways and forward. If the turbidity is low much of the light will continue in the original direction. Light scattered by the particles allows the particle to be ”seen” or detected in solution. Just as sunlight passing through a window is scattered by dust particles in the air, allowing them to be seen.

In the past 10 years, turbidity has become more than just a measure of water clarity. Because of the emergence of pathogens such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia, turbidity now holds the key to assuring proper water filtration. In 1998, the EPA published the IESWTR (interim enhanced surface water treatment rule) mandating turbidities in combined filter effluent to read at or below 0.3 NTU. By doing so, the EPA hoped to achieve a 2 log (99%) removal of Cryptosporidium. There is presently consideration to lower this to 0.1 NTU. The trend has been to check the calibration of on-line turbidimeters with hand-held field units. The optical design and low detection limit of the TC-3000 allow very accurate readings for such calibrations.

The meter also allows the user to choose the units of measure for expressing turbidity. While nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU) has been the standard for years, FNU (formazin nephelometric unit) and FAU (formazin attenuation unit) are now being used in ISO 7027 units. American Society of Brewing Chemists (ASBC) units and European Brewery Convention (EBC) units allow the brewing industry to check process waters.

How is Turbidity Measured?

Scattered Turbidity 90°

and Color Detector

Chlorine Detector

Turbidity Light

Direct Turbidity Detector

Source

IR LED 860nm: 3000i Tungsten Lamp: 3000e and stabilization detector

Chlorine LED 525nm

and stabilization detector

Color UV LED 375nm

and stabilization detector

INTRODUCTION 5

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Turbidity is measured by detecting and quantifying the scattering of light in water (solution). Turbidity can be measured in many ways. There are visual methods and instrumental methods. Visual methods are more suitable for samples with high turbidity. Instrumental methods can be used on samples with both high and low levels of turbidity.

Two visual methods are the Secchi Disk method and the Jackson Candle method. The Secchi Disk method is often used in natural waters. A black and white Secchi Disk is lowered into the water until it can no longer be seen. It is then raised until it can be seen again. The average of these two distances is known as the “Secchi Depth”. The Jackson Candle method uses a long glass tube over a standard candle. Water is added or removed from the tube until the candle flame becomes indistinct. The depth of the water measured with a calibrated scale is reported as Jackson Turbidity Units (JTU). The lowest turbidity that can be determined with this method is about 25 NTU.

There are two common methods for instruments to measure turbidity. Instruments can measure the attenuation of a light beam passing through a sample and they can measure the scattered light from a light beam passing through a sample. In the attenuation method, the intensity of a light beam passing through turbid sample is compared with the intensity passing through a turbidity-free sample at 180° from the light source. This method is good for highly turbid samples. The most common instrument for measuring scatter light in a water sample is a nephelometer. A nephelometer measures light scattered at 90° to the light beam. Light scattered at other angles may also be measured, but the 90° angle defines a nephelometric measurement. The light source for nephelometric measurements can be one of two types to meet EPA or ISO specifications. The EPA specifies a tungsten lamp with a color temperature of 2,200–3,000 K. The units of measurement for the EPA method are nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). The ISO specifies a light emitting diode (LED) with a wavelength of 860 nm and a spectral bandwidth less than or equal to 60 nm. The units of measurement for the ISO method are formazin nephelometric units (FNU). The TC-3000e meets the EPA specification and the TC-3000i meets the ISO specification. The nephelometric method is most useful for low turbidity.

The TC-3000 is a nephelometer that is capable of measuring turbidity by both the attenuation method and the nephelometric method. It uses a detector placed at 180° to the light source for the attenuation method. It uses a detector placed at 90° to the light source for the Nephelometric method. The TC-3000 also has a third detector that monitors the intensity of the light source. It uses this detector to improve instrumental stability and minimize calibration drift. The TC-3000 also has a signal averaging option to improve the stability of readings on low turbidity samples.

The TC-3000 has two different turbidity calibrations, formazin and Japan Standard. The formazin calibration is the EPA and ISO approved method of calibrating nephelometers. This calibration can be used with user prepared formazin standards or commercially purchased formazin standards. LaMotte Company approved AMCO

standards labeled for use with the TC-3000 can also be used with the formazin calibration. Stablcal

standards below 50 NTU should not be used to calibrate the

TC-3000. The Japan Standard calibration is a calibration for a Japanese Water Works standard.

It is based on Japanese formulated polystyrene turbidity standards. This calibration should only be use to meet Japanese Water Works requirements. The Japanese polystyrene standards can only be purchased in Japan. Formazin, AMCO and Stablcal

6 TURBIDITY

standards cannot be used with this calibration.

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T AKING TURBIDITY WATER SAMPLES

Clean plastic or glass containers may be used for turbidity samples. Ideally, samples should be tested soon after collection and at the same temperature as when collected.

CHLORINE

What is Chlorine?

Chlorine is added to water systems to sanitize the water. There are various forms of chlorine that are added to water. These can be gas, liquid (commonly called bleach or sodium hypochlorite), calcium hypochlorite mixtures, stabilized chlorine products and as chlorine generated using salt. When these forms of chlorine are added, they react with water to form free chlorine, hypochlorous acid. If free chlorine reacts with ammonia, it will form various types of combined chlorine (chloramines). Depending on the chlorine to ammonia ratio, these can be mono, di or tri chloramines.

Because free chlorine can react with precursors in the water to form carcinogenic trihalomethanes (THMs), many water systems have switched to chloramines. In these systems, free chlorine and ammonia are added together and controlled to form monochloramine. Although not as active a sanitizer as free chlorine, chloramine is less likely to form THMs. Since it is a slower sanitizer, the concentration of chloramine in water is higher than the concentration of free chlorine in water distribution systems.

The present EPA limit of chlorine in water systems is 4.0 ppm. The amount of chlorine used to process waste may be higher than this.

Many states also establish limits on the amount of chlorine that can be discharged into a body of water after waste processing. These usually are less than 0.1 ppm. The low detection limit of the TC-3000 makes it ideal for such measurements. Because of its wide range, the TC-3000 can be used to measure the water used in the wastewater process, in a distribution system and for many low level discharge requirements.

How is Chlorine Measured?

The most common methods for measuring chlorine are colorimetric methods. In colorimetric methods, chlorine reacts with reagents added to a water sample. The reaction of the chlorine with the reagents produces a color. The intensity of the color produced is proportional to the concentration of chlorine in the sample. The intensity of the color can be measured by visual comparison with a calibrated color chart or othere types of visual color comparators. Visual methods suffer due to the subjective observations of the person judging the colors.

The TC-3000 uses EPA approved DPD reagents to react with chlorine. In the absence of iodide, free available chlorine reacts instantly with DPD to produce a pink color. Subsequent addition of potassium iodide (DPD 3) causes a reaction with combined form of chlorine. The TC-3000 electronically measures the color produced in these reactions in comparison to a colorless water sample. First it measures the intensity of a light beam passing through a clear colorless sample, the blank. Then it measures the intensity of light passing through the pink reacted sample. The TC-3000 uses the ratio of these two measurements to calculate the concentration of chlorine and displays the result. The TC-3000 uses the EPA approved wavelength of 525 nm, to make these measurements.

CHLORINE 7

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Taking Chlorine Water Samples

Chlorine solutions are not stable and should be analyzed immediately. Samples may be collected in glass. Amber or opaque bottles are recommended since exposure to sunlight or agitation will decrease chlorine concentrations. It is best to fill bottles completely to assure there is no air in the container. If sampling from a tap, allow the water to run for a minute to assure a proper sample.

COLOR

What is Color?

Many different dissolved or suspended materials contribute to the color of water. These can include industrial wastes, plant materials, metals and plankton. There are two terms used to define color. If one examines a water sample straight from a water source, the color of the water is its apparent color. To ascertain the color of the water without the contribution of suspended substances and is called true color. True color can increase after precipitation, and decrease in drier weather.

Some bodies of water can change color quickly, depending on the runoff conditions and plant life around them. Wind can also stir up substances more in shallower bodies of water causing quick color change. Major contributors are tannins, hemic acids, and inorganic minerals. Color can be critical, since as the color increases, the amount of light that penetrates the water decreases, and thus submerged plant life, that depend on this light for photosynthesis, will decrease.

How is Color Measured?

Since most natural waters have color that is similar to a solution of chloroplatinate and cobalt, the APHA specifies the use of dilute chloroplatinate/cobalt color standards to define color values. In the APHA method, the color of a water sample is compared visually to 6 to 9 chloroplatinate/cobalt standards. However, visual methods suffer due to the subjective observations of the person judging the colors. To eliminate this source of error, color can be measured electonically with a spectrophotometer, or colorimeter liekt the TC-3000.

The TC-3000 is calibrated with APHA color standards at 375 nm. This wavelength was found to give the greatest sensitivity with chloroplatinate/cobalt color standards, thus most natural waters. The meter electronically measures color in comparison to a colorles water sample. First it measures the intensity if a light beam passing through a clear colorless sample, the blank. Then it measures the intensity of light passing through the colored sample. The TC-3000 uses the ration of these two measurements to calculate the color and displays the result. The results are expressed in APHA color units (cu). The TC-3000 can use signal averaging to improve accuracy when measuring very low levels of color. Not valid, unless a correlation chart has been constructed.

There is no standard wavelength for measuring color and it is common for meters to use different wavelengths. Since chloroplatinate/cobalt standards will have different absorbance values at various wavelengths, comparing results from the TC-3000 to meters using wavelengths other than 375 nm is not valid.

Meters using different wavelengths will only give the same reading when measuring chloroplatinate/cobalt standards since they are both calibrated to those standards. When measuring natural water, meters using different wavelengths should not be

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expected to give the same result because the absorbance spectrum of natural water is usually not identical to the absorbance spectrum of chloroplatinate/cobalt standards. The reading that the meter displays is a correlation between the color of the sample water and the color standards at a fixed wavelength. The correlation, and reading, will change as the wavelength changes The TC-3000 takes advantage of this fact by selecting a wavelength that gives much greater sensitivity when measuring the color of most natural waters, than single wavelength meters that use much higher wavelengths.

Taking Color Water Samples

Samples should ideally be collected in glass containers. Perform the analysis soon after sampling since the color may change with time. For true color determinations, remove turbidity by filtration or centrifugation.

SAMPLE DILUTION TECHNIQUES

If a test result is out of the range of the meter, it must be diluted. The test should then be repeated on the diluted sample. The following table gives quick reference guidelines for dilutions of various proportions.

Amount of Sample Deionized Water to Bring

Multiplication Factor

Final Volume to 10 mL 10 mL 0 mL 1 5mL 5mL 2

2.5 mL 7.5 mL 4 1mL 9mL 10

0.5 mL 9.5 mL 20

All dilutions are based on a final volume of 10 mL so several dilutions will require small volumes of the water sample. Graduated pipets should be used for all dilutions. If volumetric glassware is not available, dilutions can be made with the colorimeter tube. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample and then transfer it to another container. Add 10 mL volumes of deionized water to the container and mix. Transfer 10 mL of the diluted sample to the colorimeter tube and follow the test procedure. Repeat the dilution and testing procedures until the result falls within the range of the calibration. Multiply the test result by the dilution factor. For example, if 10 mL of the sample water is diluted with three 10 mL volumes of deionized water, the dilution factor is four. The test result of the diluted sample should be multiplied by four.

SAMPLE DILUTION TECHNIQUES 9

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OPTIONS & SET UP

FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS

Settings that have user options have been set at the factory to default settings.

The factory default settings are:

Turbidity Units NTU Turbidity Calibration formazin Chlorine Units ppm Chlorine Calibration Tablet Averaging Disabled Date Format MM/DD/YY Language English Auto Shutdown Disabled

RESET TO FA CTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS

To return the meter to the factory settings, turn the meter off. Hold down *IOK button. Press ON. Release both buttons. Press *IOK button to select the default settings. Meter will turn off and the factory settings will be restored. Restoring the factory settings will remove the user-level calibration but not the zeroing. To change the default settings follow the instructions in the following sections.

TURBIDITY

The default units are NTU and the default calibration curve is formazin. To change the settings:

Selecting Turbidity Units

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Options.

10 OPTIONS & SETUP • TURBIDITY

Main Menu

Measure Data Logging

* Options

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3. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Turbidity .

Options

Averaging

* Turbidity

Chlorine Date/Time

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4. Press the *IOK to select Units. Turbidity

*Units

Calibration

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5. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select units. Available units are: NTU

(Nephelometric Turbidity Units); FNU (Formazin Nephelometric Units); ASBC (American Society of Brewing Chemists); EBC (European

Units *NTU

FNU ASBC EBC

16:02:19 01/04/05

Brewery Convention)

Note:

If Attenuation is chosen as a calibration curve. The result will be reported in

FAU (Formazin Attenuation Units).

6. Press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection or press OFF to turn the meter off.

Selecting A Turbidity Calibration Curve

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

OPTIONS & SETUP • TURBIDITY 11

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2. Scroll down and then press *IOK to

select Options.

Main Menu

Measure Data Logging

* Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Turbidity .

4. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Calibration.

5. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select a Calibration curve. Select a calibration option based on the composition of the standards that will be used to calibrate the meter. Available options are: Formazin, Pol ystyrene, Attenuation.

For the most accurate results, the Attenuation option should be chosen when samples are over 500 NTU. The range for the attenuation option is 40–4000 NTU.

Options

Averaging

* Turbidity

Chlorine Date/Time

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Turbidity

Units

* Calibration

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Turbidity

Units

* Calibration

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Calibration * Formazin

Japan Standard Attenuation

16:02:19 01/04/05

Note: StablCalâstandards below 50 NTU should not be used to calibrate the TC-3000. The diluent has a different refractive index than traditional formazin standards and will affect the results. The Japan Standard calibration mode should be used only with Japanese Polystyrene Standards (0–100 NTU).

12 OPTIONS & SETUP • TURBIDITY

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6. Press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection or press OFF to turn the meter off.

CHLORINE

The default units are ppm and the default calibration curve is for DPD Tablet reagents. To change the settings:

Selecting Chlorine Units

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Scroll down and then press *IOK to select Options.

Main Menu

Measure Data Logging

* Options

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3. Scroll down and then press *IOK to select Chlorine.

Options

Averaging Turbidity

* Chlorine

Date/Time

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4. Press the *IOK to select Units. Chlorine

*Units

Calibration

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OPTIONS & SETUP • CHLORINE 13

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5. Scroll up and then press *IOK to

select a unit for the chlorine results. Available options are: mg/L

Units *mg/L

ppm

(milligrams per liter) or ppm (parts per million)

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6. Press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection or press OFF to turn the meter off.

Selecting A Chlorine Calibration/Reagent System

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Scroll down and then press *IOK to select Options.

Main Menu

Measure Data Logging

* Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK to select Chlorine.

Options

Averaging Turbidity

* Chlorine

Date/Time

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4. Scroll down and then press *IOK to select Calibration.

Chlorine

Units

* Calibration

16:02:19 01/04/05

14 OPTIONS & SETUP • CHLORINE

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5. Scroll down and then press *IOK to select a chlorine reagent system.

The options are: Tabl et or Liquid.

Calibration *Tablet

Liquid

16:02:19 01/04/05

6. Press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection or press OFF to turn the meter off.

AVERAGING

The averaging option is available for color and turbidity testing. It allows the user to average multiple readings. This option will improve the accuracy of samples with readings that may tend to drift with time. When the two, five or ten reading options have been selected, the meter will show a running average of the readings that have been taken until the final average is displayed. The default setting is disabled. To change the setting:

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Scroll down and then press *IOK to select Options.

Main Menu

Measure Data Logging

* Options

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3. Press *IOK to select Averaging. Options

* Averaging

Turbidity Chlorine Date/Time

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OPTIONS & SETUP • AVERAGING 15

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4. Scroll down and then press *IOK to select an averaging option.

Available options are:

Disabled, 2 Measurements, 5 Measurements, 10 Measurements.

Note: The current setting.

5. Press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection or press OFF to turn the meter off.

Note: When the Averaging option is selected, it will take longer to get the final result and more power will be used.

is displayed next to the

SETTING THE DATE AND TIME

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

Averaging Disabled * 2 Measurements

5 Measurements 10 Measurements

16:02:19 01/04/05

1.3

2. Scroll down and then press *IOK to select Options.

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK to select Date/Time.

16 OPTIONS & SETUP • SETTING THE DA TE & TIME

Main Menu

Measure Data Logging

* Options

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Options

Turbidity Chlorine

* Date/Time

Language

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4. Press *IOK to select Set Date or scroll down and then press *IOK to select Set Time or Date Format.

Date/Time *Set Date

Set Time Date Format

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5. When setting the time or the date, use the  or  to change the highlighted number on the display. Press *IOK to accept the value and move to the next value.

When choosing a date format, use the  or  to select a date format. Press *IOK to accept the format.

Set Date

01/04/05

q , * , p

16:02:19 01/04/05

Set Date

01/04/05

16:02:19 01/04/05

Set Date

01/04/05

16:02:19 01/04/05

Date/Time *Set Date

Set Time Date Format

q , * , p

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6. Press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection or press OFF to turn the meter off.

OPTIONS & SETUP • SETTING THE DA TE & TIME 17

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SELECTING A LANGUAGE

The default setting is English. To change the setting:

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Options.

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Language.

4. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select a language. Available languages are: English,

French, Spanish, Japanese (Kana), Portuguese, Italian.

5. Press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection or press OFF to turn the meter off.

Main Menu

Measure Data Logging

* Options

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Options

Chlorine Date/Time

* Language

Auto Shutdown

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Language * English

Frances Español Japanese

16:02:19 01/04/05

18 OPTIONS & SETUP • SELECTING A LANGUAGE

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SETTING AUTO SHUTDOWN

The power saving Auto Shutdown feature will turn the meter off when a button has not been pressed for a set amount of time. The default setting is disabled. To change the setting:

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Options.

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Auto Shutdown.

4. Scroll up and then press *IOK to

select a shutdown time. Available options are: 5minutes,

10 minutes, 30 minutes, Disabled.

5. Press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection or press OFF to turn the meter off.

Main Menu

Measure Data Logging

* Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

Options

Chlorine Date/Time

Language * Auto Shutdown 16:02:19 01/04/05

Auto Shutdown * 5 Minutes

10 Minutes

30 Minutes

Disabled 16:02:19 01/04/05

OPTIONS & SETUP • SETTING AUTO SHUTDOWN 19

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DAT A LOGGING

The default setting for the data logger is start (on). The meter will log the last 4004 data points.

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Scroll down and press *IOK to

select Data Logging.

3. Press *IOK to view the last data

point that was logged.

4. Press  or  to scroll through the saved data points.

Main Menu

Measure

* Data Logging

Options

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Data Logging *View

Stop Erase

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304 / 304

25.6 cu

Color 12:48:35 09/11/04 16:02:19 01/04/05

304 / 304

1.58 NTU

Turbidity (F) 16:26:58 09/11/04 16:02:19 01/04/05

Note:

If the data logger is empty because it has never been used or has just been

erased, the view function will not work.

20 DATA LOGGING

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Or scroll down and press *IOK to select Stop or Start to stop or start the data logging feature.

Data Logging

View

*Stop

Erase

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Data Logging

View

*Start

Erase

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Or scroll down and press *IOK to select Erase to empty all logged data points from the memory.

5. Press OFF to turn the meter off or press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

Data Logging

View Stop

* Erase

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DATA LOGGING 21

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TUBE POSITIONING RING

The Tube Positioning Ring

To put a ring on a tube, remove the cap from the tube. The tube positioning ring has two tapered notches and one

squared-off notch. Place the ring on the tube with the squared-off notch closest to the top of the tube and tapered notches closer to the bottom of the tube. Align the single, squared-off notch with the vertical, white indexing line that is printed on the tube. Place the tube flat on a hard surface and firmly press the ring onto the tube with equal pressure distributed along the top of the ring.

To remove a ring, invert the uncapped tube on a soft surface, such as a paper towel. Press down on the ring with equal pressure distributed around the ring.

SQUARED-OFF

NOTCH

INDEXING

ANAL YSIS & CALIBRATION

TURBIDITY

The default units are NTU and the default calibration curve is formazin. When (F)is displayed in the upper right corner of the display, this indicates that the meter is in the formazin mode. For the most accurate results, a user calibration should be performed. The Attenuation calibration option should be used when samples are over 500 NTU. The Japan Standard calibration mode should be used only with Japan Standards (0–100 NTU). To change the settings see the Set Up instructions (see page 10).

22 TUBE POSITIONING RING • ANAL YSIS & CALIBRATION • TURBIDITY

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Analysis

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

2. Press *IOK to select Measure. Main Menu

* Measure

Data Logging Options

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3. Press *IOK to select Turbidity. Measure

* Turbidity

Color Chlorine

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4. Rinse a clean tube (0290) three times with the blank.

For the most accurate results, use thesametubefortheblankandthe sample.

1.3

5. Fill the tube to the fill line with the blank. Pour the blank down the inside of the tube to avoid creating bubbles.

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • TURBIDITY 23

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6. Dry the tube with a lint-free cloth. Put on a dry positioning ring. Cap the tube. Wipe the tube thoroughly again with a lint-free cloth.

7. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube into the chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close the lid.

8. Press *IOK to select Scan Blank. Remove the tube.

NOTE: For the best accuracy, especially at low level turbidity, see Tip 17 on page 33.

9. Rinse a clean tube (0290), or the same tube, three times with the water to be tested. Avoid spilling water on the outside of the tube. IMPORT ANT: Whilethetubeis inverted, wipe the lip of the tube to remove droplets of liquid that may be present. This will prevent liquid from being trapped under the ring when the tube is returned to an upright position.

10. Fill the tube to the fill line with the sample. Pour the sample down the inside of the tube to avoid creating bubbles.

Turbidity (F)

* Scan Blank

16:02:19 01/04/05

24 ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • TURBIDITY

Page 25

11. Cap the tube. Wipe the tube thoroughly again with a lint-free cloth.

12. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube into the chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close the lid.

13. Press *IOK to select Scan Sample. Turbidity (F)

* Scan Sample 16:02:19 01/04/05

14. Record the result. Turbidity (F)

0.54 NTU

* Scan Sample q 16:02:19 01/04/05

15. Press OFF to turn the meter off or press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

Note: The meter will remember the last scanned blank reading. It is not necessary to scan a blank each time the test is performed. To use the previous blank reading, instead of scanning a new one, scroll to Scan Sample and proceed. For the most accurate results, the meter should be blanked before each test and the same tube with tubepositioningringshouldbeusedfortheblankandthereactedsample.

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • TURBIDITY 25

Page 26

Dilution Procedures

If a sample is encountered that is more than 4000 NTU, a careful dilution with 0 NTU or very low turbidity water will bring the sample into an acceptable range. However, there is no guarantee that halving the concentration will exactly halve the NTU value. Particulates often react in an unpredictable manner when diluted.

Turbidity-Free Water

The definition of low turbidity and turbidity-free water has changed as filter technology has changed and nephelometric instruments have become more sensitive. At one time turbidity-free water was defined as water that had passed through a 0.6 micron filter. Now 0.1 micron filters are available and higher purity water is possible. Water that has been passed through a 0.1 micron filter could be considered particle free and therefore turbidity free, 0 NTU water. Turbidity is caused by scattered light. Therefore, low turbidity water is water without any particles that scatter a measurable amount of light. But water that passed through a 0.1 micron filter may still have detectable light scatter with modern instruments. This light scattering can be the result of dissolved molecules or sub-micron sized particles that can not be filtered out of the water. Because there may still be a small amount of scattered light from dissolved molecules, high purity water is often called low turbidity water and assigned a value of 0.01 or

0.02 NTU. However, because this water is used as a baseline to compare to sample water, the difference between the sample and the low turbidity or turbidity-free water will be the same whether it is called 0.00 NTU or 0.02 NTU. For design simplicity the TC-3000 uses the term turbidity-free water and the value of 0.00 NTU.

Preparation of T urbidity -F ree Water

A 0 NTU Standard (Code 1480) is included with the meter. An accessory package (Code 4185) is available for preparing turbidity-free water for blanking the meter and dilution of high turbidity samples.

The preparation of turbidity-free water requires careful technique. Introduction of foreign matter will affect the turbidity reading. A filtering device with a special membrane filter is used to prepare turbidity-free water. The filter, filter holder and syringe must be conditioned by forcing at least two syringes full of deionized water through the filtering apparatus to remove foreign matter. The first and second rinses should be discarded. Turbidity-free water as prepared below may be stored in the dark at room temperature in a clean glass bottle with a screw cap and used as required. The storage container should be rinsed thoroughly with filtered deionized water before filling. The water should be periodically inspected for foreign matter in bright light.

PROCEDURE

1. Remove the plunger from the syringe (0943). Attach the filter to the bottom of the syringe.

26 ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • TURBIDITY

Page 27

2. Pour approximately 50 mL of deionized water into the barrel of the syringe. Insert the plunger. Exert pressure on the plunger to slowly force the water through the filter. Collect water in the clean storage container. Rinse walls of the container then discard this rinse water.

3. Remove the filter from the syringe. Remove the plunger from the barrel. (This step is required to prevent rupturing the filter by the vacuum that would be created when the plunger is removed.)

4. Replace the filter and repeat step 2 for a second rinse of the syringe and storage container.

5. Remove the filter from the syringe. Remove the plunger from the barrel. Replace the filter and fill the syringe with approxiamtely 50 mL of deionized water. Filter the water into the storage conatiner and save this turbidity-free water.

6. Repeat Step 5 until the desired amount of turbidity-free water has been collected.

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • TURBIDITY 27

Page 28

Turbidity Standards

Only use AMCO or formazin standards with the TC-3000. StablCalâ standards below 50 NTU should not be used to calibrate the TC-3000. The diluent used in StablCal

standards has a different refractive index than traditional formazin standards and will affect the results. The concentration of the calibration standard should be similar to the expected concentration of samples that will be tested. The following standards are available from LaMotte Company:

1480 0 NTU Standard, 60 mL (EPA and ISO) 1484 1 NTU Standard, 60 mL (EPA) 1481 1 NTU Standard, 60 mL (ISO) 1485 10 NTU Standard, 60 mL (EPA) 1482 10 NTU Standard, 60 mL (ISO) 1486 100 NTU Standard, 60 mL (EPA) 1483 100 NTU Standard, 60 mL (ISO)

Calibration Procedure

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Press *IOK to select Measure. Main Menu

* Measure

Data Logging Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

3. Press *IOK to select Turbidity. Measure

* Turbidity

Color Chlorine

16:02:19 01/04/05

28 ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • TURBIDITY

Page 29

4. Rinse a clean tube (0290) three times with the blank.

Below 1 NTU – The meter should be blanked with a 0 NTU Primary Standard or prepared turbidity-free (<0.1 NTU) water. For the most accurate results, use the same tube for the blank and the sample.

5. Fill the tube to the fill line with the blank. Pour the blank down the inside of the tube to avoid creating bubbles. Cap the tube.

6. Dry the tube with a lint-free cloth. Put on a dry positioning ring. Cap the tube. Wipe the tube thoroughly again with a lint-free cloth.

7. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube into the chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close the lid.

8. Press *IOK to select Scan Blank.

Turbidity (F)

Remove the tube.

Note: For the best accuracy, especially at low turbidity, see Tip 17 on page 33.

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • TURBIDITY 29

* Scan Blank 16:02:19 01/04/05

Page 30

9. Rinse a clean tube (0290), or the same tube, three times with the standard. Avoid spilling standard on the outside of the tube. IMPORT ANT: Whilethetubeis inverted, wipe the lip of the tube to remove droplets of liquid that may be present. This will prevent liquid from being trapped under the ring when the tube is returned to an upright position.

10. Fill the tube to the fill line with the standard. Pour the standard down the inside of the tube to avoid creating bubbles. Cap the tube.

11. Wipe the tube thoroughly again with a lint-free cloth.

12. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube into the chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close the lid.

13. Press *IOK to select Scan Sample. Turbidity (F)

* Scan Sample 16:02:19 01/04/05

30 ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • TURBIDITY

Page 31

14. Observe the result. Turbidity (F)

0.54 NTU

* Scan Sample q 16:02:19 01/04/05

15. Press  and then press *IOK to

select Calibrate.

16. Use the  or  to change the highlighted digits on the display to match the concentration of the turbidity standard. Press *IOK to accept a digit and move to the next digit.

Turbidity (F)

0.54 NTU

* Calibrate q 16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

00.54

q , Q , p

16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

01.54

q , Q , p

16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

00.54

16:02:19 01/04/05

q , Q , p

Calibrate

00.54

16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

00.50

16:02:19 01/04/05

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • TURBIDITY 31

q , Q , p

Page 32

17. When the value on the display matches the concentration of the turbidity standard, press the *IOK to select Set.

Calibrate

00.50

*Set q 16:02:19 01/04/05

Or press  press *IOK to return the meter to the default setting.

Calibrate

00.50

* Default p 16:02:19 01/04/05

18. Press *IOK to proceed to Turbidity analysis. Press OFF to turn the meter off or press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

Testing Tips

1. Samples should be collected in a clean glass or polyethylene container.

2. Samples should be analyzed as soon as possible after collection.

3. Gently mix sample by inverting before taking a reading but avoid introducing air bubbles.

4. For the most precise results, follow the recommended procedure for wiping a filled tube before placing it in the meter chamber. Invert tube very slowly and gently three times to mix the sample. Surround the tube with a clean, lint-free cloth. Press the cloth around the tube. Rotate the tube in the cloth three times to assure that all areas of the tube have been wiped.

5. Discard tubes that have significant scratches and imperfections in the light pass zones. (Central zone between bottom and fill line).

6. When reading very low turbidity samples, do not use tubes or caps that have been used previously with high turbidity samples.

7. Use the averaging option for low level measurements of turbidity.

8. The meter should be placed on a surface that is free from vibrations. Vibrations can cause high readings.

9. Turbidity readings will be affected by electric fields around motors.

10. Carbon in the sample will absorb light and cause low readings.

32 ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • TURBIDITY

Page 33

11. Excessive color in a sample will absorb light and cause high readings. The user should verify if a certain level of color will cause a significant error at the level of turbidity being tested.

12. Observe shelf life recommendations for turbidity standards.

13. Do not use silicone oil on tubes when testing turbidity with the TC-3000.

14. When testing at low concentrations use the same tube for the blank and the sample.

15. Always use the positioning ring. Always insert tube into the meter chamber with the same amount of pressure and to the same depth.

16. Occasionally clean the chamber with a damp lint-free wipe, followed by an alcohol dampened wipe. A clean chamber and tubes are essential for reliable results.

17. For the greatest accuracy during the calibration procedure, be sure that after the meter is blanked and the blank is scanned as a sample, the reading is 0.00. If not, reblank the meter and scan the blank again until it reads 0.00. When scanning calibration standard as the sample, scan the calibration standard three times removing the tube from the chamber after each scan. The readings should be consistent. Use the last consistent reading to calibrate the meter. If the readings are not consistent, avoid using an aberrant reading to calibrate the meter.

CHLORINE

The default units are ppm and the default calibration curve is for DPD Tablet reagents. For the most accurate results, a user calibration should be performed. The letter (T) in the upper right corner of the display indicates that the meter is in the tablet mode. To use liquid DPD reagents, see the Set Up instructions.

Analysis

T ABLET DPD REAGENTS

Free Chlorine, Combined And Total Chlorine

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Press *IOK to select Measure. Main Menu

* Measure

Data Logging Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE 33

Page 34

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Chlorine.

Measure

Turbidity Color

* Chlorine

16:02:19 01/04/05

4. Press *IOK to select Test Free

Chlorine.

5. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with the sample water.

6. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with thesamplewater.Drythetubewith a lint-free cloth. Put on a dry positioning ring. Cap the tube.

Chlorine (T) * Test Free

Test Total

16:02:19 01/04/05

7. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube into the chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter.

34 ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE

Page 35

8. Close the lid and press *IOK to

select Scan Blank.

9. Removethetubefromthemeter. Pour off all but a sufficient amount of sample water to cover a tablet. Add one *Chlorine DPD #1 Instrument Grade Tablet (6903). Crush tablet with a tablet crusher (0175) then add sample water until the tube is filled to the 10 mL line. Cap tube and shake until tablet has dissolved. Solution will turn pink if free chlorine is present. Wait 15 seconds but no longer than 30 seconds. Mix.

Free Chlorine (T)

* Scan Blank q 16:02:19 01/04/05

10. Open the meter lid. Insert sample into chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close lid, press *IOK to select Scan Sample.

11. Record the result as Free Chlorine. Free Chlorine (T)

Free Chlorine (T)

* Scan Sample 16:02:19 01/04/05

1.00 ppm

* Scan Sample q 16:02:19 01/04/05

12. Removethetubefromthe chamber. Add one *Chlorine DPD #3 Instrument Grade Tablet (6197). Crush tablet with Tablet Crusher (0175). Cap tube and shake until the tablet dissolves. An increase in color represents combined chlorine.

Note: For wastewater samples, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and

Wastewater recommends waiting 2 minutes for full color development when

testing total chlorine.

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE 35

Page 36

13. Open the meter lid. Insert sample into chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close lid, select *IOK to select T otal Chlorine.

14. Record the result as Total Chlorine. Total Chlorine (T)

Free Chlorine (T)

1.00 ppm

* Total Chlorine q 16:02:19 01/04/05

1.25 ppm

* Scan Sample q 16:02:19 01/04/05

15. SubtracttheFreeChlorinereading from the Total Chlorine reading to obtain the concentration of Combined Chlorine.

16. Press OFF to turn the meter off or press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

Total - Free = Combined Chlorine Chlorine Chlorine

*Warning: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

Note: For the most accurate results, samples over 6 ppm chlorine should be diluted with chlorine demand free water and re-tested.

Tot a l Ch l o r in e

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

36 ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE

Page 37

2. Press *IOK to select Measure. Main Menu

* Measure

Data Logging Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Chlorine.

4. Scroll down and press *IOK to

select Test Total Chlorine.

5. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with the sample water. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample water. Dry the tube with a lint-free cloth. Put on a dry positioning ring. Cap the tube.

6. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube into the chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close the lid and press *IOK to select

Scan Blank.

Measure

Turbidity Color

* Chlorine

16:02:19 01/04/05

Chlorine

Test Free

* Test Total

16:02:19 01/04/05

Total Chlorine (T)

*Scan Blank  16:02:19 01/04/05

7. Removethetubefromthemeter. Pour off all but a sufficient amount of sample water to cover a tablet. Add one *Chlorine DPD #1 Instrument Grade Tablet (6903). Crush tablet with a tablet crusher (0175), then add sample water until the tube is filled to the 10 mL line. Cap tube and shake until tablet has dissolved.

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE 37

Page 38

8. Add one *Chlorine DPD #3 Instrument Grade Tablet (6197). Crush tablet with Tablet Crusher (0175). Cap tube and shake until the tablet dissolves.

Note: For wastewater samples, Standard Methods for the Examination of W ater and

Wastewater recommends waiting 2 minutes for full color development.

9. Open the meter lid. Insert sample into chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close lid, select *IOK to select Scan Sample.

10. Record the result as Total Chlorine. Total Chlorine (T)

Total Chlorine (T)

* Scan Sample  16:02:19 01/04/05

1.00 ppm

* Scan Sample 16:02:19 01/04/05

11. Press OFF to turn the meter off or press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

*Warning: Reagents marked with an * are potential health hazards. To vi ew or pr in t a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail phone or fax.

Note: For the most accurate results, samples over 6 ppm chlorine should be diluted with chlorine demand free water and re-tested.

38 ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE

Page 39

LIQUID DPD REAGENTS (Liquid calibration should be selected in the Options menu)

The letter (L) in the upper right corner of the display indicates that the meter is in liquid mode.

Free Chlorine, Combined And Total Chlorine

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Press *IOK to select Measure. Main Menu

* Measure

Data Logging Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Chlorine.

4. Press *IOK to select Test Free

Chlorine.

5. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with the sample water. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample water. Dry the tube with a lint-free cloth. Put on a dry positioning ring. Cap the tube.

Measure

Turbidity Color

* Chlorine

16:02:19 01/04/05

Chlorine (L) * Test Free

Test Total

16:02:19 01/04/05

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE 39

Page 40

6. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube into the chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close the lid and press *IOK to select Scan Blank.

7. Removethetubefromthemeter. Add 5 drops of DPD 1A Free Chlorine Reagent (P-6740). Cap and mix.

8. Add 5 drops of *DPD 1B Free Chlorine Reagent (P-6741). Cap and mix. Solution will turn pink if free chlorine is present. Read within 30 seconds.

Free Chlorine (L)

* Scan Blank 16:02:19 01/04/05

DPD

9. Open the meter lid. Insert tube into chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close lid, press *IOK to select Scan Sample.

10. Record the result as Free Chlorine. Total Chlorine (L)

Free Chlorine (L)

* Scan Sample 16:02:19 01/04/05

1.00 ppm

* Scan Sample  16:02:19 01/04/05

40 ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE

Page 41

11. Removethetubefromthe chamber. Add 5 drops of *DPD 3 Total Chlorine Reagent (P-6741). Cap and mix. An increase in color represents combined chlorine.

Note: For wastewater samples, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater recommends waiting 2 minutes for full color development.

DPD

12. Open the meter lid. Insert the sample into the chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close lid, select *IOK to select T otal Chlorine.

13. Record the result as Total Chlorine. Total Chlorine (L)

Free Chlorine (L)

1.00 ppm

* Total Chlorine 16:02:19 01/04/05



1.25 ppm

* Scan Sample ~ 16:02:19 01/04/05

14. SubtracttheFreeChlorinereading from the Total Chlorine reading to obtain the concentration of Combined Chlorine.

15. Press OFF to turn the meter off or press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

To ta l Chlorine

–

Free Chlorine

Combined

Chlorine

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE 41

Page 42

* Warning: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

Note: For the most accurate results, samples over 6 ppm chlorine should be diluted with chlorine demand free water and re-tested.

Tot a l Ch l o r in e

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Press *IOK to select Measure. Main Menu

* Measure

Data Logging Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Chlorine.

Measure

Turbidity Color

* Chlorine

16:02:19 01/04/05

4. Press *IOK to select Test Total

Chlorine.

Chlorine (L)

Test Free

* Test Total

16:02:19 01/04/05

42 ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE

Page 43

5. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with the sample water. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample water. Dry the tube with a lint-free cloth. Put on a dry positioning ring. Cap the tube.

6. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube into the chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close the lid and press *IOK to select Scan Blank.

7. Removethetubefromthemeter. Add 5 drops of DPD 1A Free Chlorine Reagent (P-6740). Cap and mix.

8. Add 5 drops of *DPD 1B Free Chlorine Reagent (P-6741). Cap and mix.

Total Chlorine (L)

* Scan Blank  16:02:19 01/04/05

DPD

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE 43

Page 44

9. Add 5 drops of *DPD 3 Total Chlorine Reagent (P-6741). Cap and mix.

Note: For wastewater samples, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater recommends waiting 2 minutes for full color development.

10. Open the meter lid. Insert the sample into the chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close lid, select *IOK to select Scan Sample.

11. Record the result as Total Chlorine. Total Chlorine (L)

Total Chlorine (L)

* Scan Sample  16:02:19 01/04/05

DPD

1.00 ppm

* Scan Sample  16:02:19 01/04/05

12. Press OFF to turn the meter off or press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

Note: For the most accurate results, samples over 6 ppm chlorine should be diluted with chlorine demand free water and re-tested.

44 ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE

Page 45

Dilution Procedures

Samples should be diluted with Chlorine Demand Free Water. To prepare Chlorine Demand Free water follow the procedure in Standard Methods for the Analysis of Water and Wastewater.

Standard Solutions

Standard solutions should be prepared from a sodium hypochlorite solution and chlorine demand free water. The concentration of the standards should be verified by a Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate titration. An approximately 250 ppm chlorine standard (Code 6973-H, 60 mL) and a Chlorine titration kit (Code 3176-01) are available from LaMotte Company.

Calibration Procedure

The meter should be calibrated with free chlorine standards. The calibration should be done with a distilled or deionized water blank and one chlorine standard of known concentration. The concentration of the calibration standard should be similar to the expected concentration of samples that will be tested. The default reagent system is DPD Tablets.

T ABLETS (Tablet calibration should be selected in the Options menu)

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Press *IOK to select Measure. Main Menu

* Measure

Data Logging Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Chlorine.

Measure

Turbidity Color

* Chlorine

16:02:19 01/04/05

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE 45

Page 46

4. Press *IOK to select Test Free Chlorine.

5. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with the chlorine standard. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample water. Dry the tube with a lint-free cloth. Put on a dry positioning ring. Cap the tube.

Chlorine (T) * Test Free

Test Total

16:02:19 01/04/05

6. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube into the chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close the lid and press *IOK to select Scan Blank.

7. Removethetubefromthemeter.

Pour off all but a sufficient amount of chlorine standard to cover a tablet. Add one *Chlorine DPD #1 Instrument Grade Tablet (6903). Crush tablet with a tablet crusher (0175), then add chlorine standard until the tube is filled to the 10 mL line. Cap tube and shake until tablet has dissolved. Solution will turn pink if free chlorine is present. Wait 15 seconds but no longer than 30 seconds. Mix.

8. Open the meter lid. Insert tube into chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close lid, select

*IOK to select Scan Sample.

Free Chlorine (T)

*Scan Sample  16:02:19 01/04/05

Free Chlorine (T)

* Scan Sample  16:02:19 01/04/05

46 ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE

Page 47

9. Observe the result. Free Chlorine (T)

1.00 ppm

* *Total Chlorine  16:02:19 01/04/05

10. Press  to scroll to Calibrate. Press

*IOK to select Calibrate.

11. Use the  or  to change the highlighted digits on the display to match the concentration of the chlorine standard. Press *IOK to accept a digit and move to the next digit.

Total Chlorine (T)

1.25 ppm

* Calibrate 16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

01.25

q , Q , p

16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

01.25

q , Q , p

16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

01.25

16:02:19 01/04/05

q , Q , p

Calibrate

01.35

16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

01.30

16:02:19 01/04/05

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE 47

q , Q , p

Page 48

12. When the value on the display matches the concentration of the chlorine standard, press the *IOK to select Set.

Calibrate

1.30

*Set  16:02:19 01/04/05

Or press the  and press *IOK to return the meter to the default setting.

Calibrate

1.30

* Default p 16:02:19 01/04/05

13. Press *IOK to proceed to Chlorine analysis. Press OFF to turn the meter off or press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

LIQUID DPD REAGENTS (Liquid calibration should be selected in the Options menu)

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Press *IOK to select Measure. Main Menu

* Measure

Data Logging Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

48 ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE

Page 49

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Chlorine.

Measure

Turbidity Color

* Chlorine

16:02:19 01/04/05

4. Press *IOK to select Test Free

Chlorine.

5. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with the chlorine standard. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample water. Dry the tube with a lint-free cloth. Put on a dry positioning ring. Cap the tube.

6. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube into the chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close the lid and press *IOK to select Scan Blank.

7. Removethetubefromthemeter. Add 5 drops of DPD 1A Free Chlorine Reagent (P-6740). Cap and mix.

Chlorine (L) * Test Free

Test Total

16:02:19 01/04/05

Free Chlorine (L)

*Scan Sample  16:02:19 01/04/05

DPD

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE 49

Page 50

8. Add 5 drops of *DPD 1B Free Chlorine Reagent (P-6741). Cap and mix. Read within 30 seconds.

DPD

9. Open the meter lid. Insert tube into chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close lid, press *IOK to select Scan Sample.

10. Press  to scroll to Calibrate.Press *IOK to select Calibrate.

11. Use the  or  to change the highlighted digits on the display to match the concentration of the chlorine standard. Press *IOK to accept a digit and move to the next digit.

Free Chlorine (L)

*Scan Sample 16:02:19 01/04/05

Free Chlorine (L)

1.25 ppm

* Total Chlorine 16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

01.25

q , Q , p

16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

01.25

q , Q , p

16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

01.25

16:02:19 01/04/05

50 ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE

q , Q , p

Page 51

Calibrate

12. When the value on the display matches the concentration of the chlorine standard, press *IOK to select Set.

Or press the  and press *IOK to return the meter to the default setting.

13. Press *IOK to proceed to Chlorine analysis. Press OFF to turn the meter off or press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

01.35

16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

01.30

16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

q , Q , p

1.30

*Set  16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

1.30

* Default p 16:02:19 01/04/05

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • CHLORINE 51

Page 52

Testing Tips

1. Wash tubes thoroughly afer testing to prevent staining of tubes and contamination of future test reactions with DPD residue.

2. When using liquid DPD reagents, invert bottle in a completely vertical position to dispense uniform drops. Do not tilt bottle at an angle.

3. Follow instructions. Obey time limits.

4. In samples with extremely high chlorine concentrations, above 10 ppm, the reagent system will show an initial flash of dark pink color that will fade quickly. Dilute the sample and test again.

5. When testing salt water, double the amount of reagent used. Use ten drops of each DPD liquid reagent or two DPD tablets.

6. Oxidized manganese (permanganate) will interfere with this test. Iodine and bromine will give a positive interference.

7. A permanganate check standard is not recommended for calibration when using

the liquid DPD reagent system.

8. The averaging option is not available for the chlorine test.

9. When testing at low concentrations use the same tube for the blank and the sample.

10. Always use the tube positioning ring. Always insert tube into the meter chamber with the same amount of pressure and to the same depth.

11. Occasionally clean the chamber with a damp lint-free wipe, followed by an alcohol dampened wipe. A clean cahmber and tubes are essential for reliable results.

COLOR

Test results are reported as cu (Color Units).

Analysis

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Press *IOK to select Measure. Main Menu

* Measure

Data Logging Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

52 ANALYSIS & CALIBRA TION • CHLORINE • COLOR

Page 53

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK to

select Color .

4. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with

color-free (distilled or deionized) water. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with color-free water. Dry the tube with a lint-free cloth. Put on a dry positioning ring. Cap the tube.

Measure

Turbidity

* Color

Chlorine

16:02:19 01/04/05

5. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube

into the chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close the lid and press *IOK to select Scan Blank.

6. Removethetubefromthemeter.

Empty the tube. Rinse the tube with the sample water. IMPORTANT: While the tube is inverted, wipe the lipofthetubetoremovedroplets of liquid that may be present. This will prevent liquid from being trapped under the ring when the tube is returned to an upright position.

7. Fill the tube to the fill line with the

sample water. Pour the blank down the inside of the tube to avoid creating bubbles.

Color

* Scan Blank  16:02:19 01/04/05

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • COLOR 53

Page 54

8. Cap the tube. Wipe the tube thoroughly again with a lint-free cloth.

9. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube with the sample water. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close the lid. Scroll down and press *IOK to select Scan Sample.

10. Record the result. Color

Color

* Scan Sample  16:02:19 01/04/05

28.0 cu

* Scan Sample  16:02:19 01/04/05

11. Press OFF to turn the meter off or press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

Note: The meter will remember the last scanned blank reading. It is not necessary to scan a blank each time the test is performed. To use the previous blank reading, instead of scanning a new one, scroll to Scan Sample and proceed. For the most accurate results, the meter should be blanked before each test and the same tube with tube positioning ring should be used for the blank and the reacted sample.

Dilution Procedures

Samples and standards may be diluted with distilled or deionized water.

Standard Solutions

The meter has been calibrated with colored standards of known concentrations of platinum cobalt. One unit of color is equivalent to the color that is produced by 1 mg platinum/L in the form of the chloroplatinate ion. A 500 cu Color Standard (60 mL, Code 6058-H) is available from LaMotte.

54 ANALYSIS & CALIBRA TION • COLOR

Page 55

Calibration Procedure

The meter should be calibrated with platinum cobalt color standards. For the most accurate results, a user calibration should be performed with LaMotte Color Standards. The calibration should be done with a distilled or deionized water blank and one color standard of known concentration. The concentration of the calibration standard should be similar to the expected concentration of samples that will be tested.

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Press *IOK to select Measure. Main Menu

* Measure

Data Logging Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK to

select Color .

4. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with color-free (distilled or deionized) water. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with color-free water. Dry the tube with a lint-free cloth. Put on a dry positioning ring. Cap the tube.

5. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube into the chamber. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close the lid and press *IOK to select

Scan Blank.

Measure

Turbidity

* Color

Chlorine

16:02:19 01/04/05

Color

* Scan Blank  16:02:19 01/04/05

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • COLOR 55

Page 56

6. Removethetubefromthemeter. Empty the tube. Rinse the tube with the color standard. IMPORTANT: While the tube is inverted, wipe the lipofthetubetoremovedroplets of liquid that may be present. This will prevent liquid from being trapped under the ring when the tube is returned to an upright position.

7. Fill the tube to the fill line with the color standard. Pour the blank down the inside of the tube to avoid creating bubbles.

8. Cap the tube. Wipe the tube thoroughly again with a lint-free cloth.

9. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube with the color standard. Align the index notch on the positioning ring with the index arrow on the meter. Close the lid. Press *IOK to select Scan Sample.

10. View the result. Color

Color

* Scan Sample  16:02:19 01/04/05

28.0 cu

* Scan Sample  16:02:19 01/04/05

56 ANALYSIS & CALIBRA TION • COLOR

Page 57

11. Press  and then press *IOK to

select Calibrate.

Color

28.0 cu

* Calibrate ~ 16:02:19 01/04/05

12. Use  or  to change the highlighted digits on the display to match the concentration of the color standard. Press *IOK to accept a digit and move to the next digit.

Calibrate

028.0

q , Q , p

16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

028.0

q , Q , p

16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

038.0

q , Q , p

16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

038.0

16:02:19 01/04/05

q , Q , p

Calibrate

030.0

16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibrate

030.0

16:02:19 01/04/05

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • COLOR 57

q , Q , p

Page 58

13. When the value on the display matches the concentration of the color standard, press *IOK to select

Set.

Calibrate

030.0

*Set  16:02:19 01/04/05

Or press the  and press *IOK to return the meter to the default setting.

Calibrate

030.0

* Default  16:02:19 01/04/05

14. Press *IOK to proceed to Turbidity analysis. Press OFF to turn the meter off or press  to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

Testing Tips

1. Always use a clean test tube.

2. Use the averaging option for low level measurements of color.

3. Turbidity will interfere with the color test. Sample may be filtered before testing but

results will be as true color. (See What is Color?, page 22)

4. When testing at low concentrations use the same tube for the blank and the sample.

5. Always use the positioning ring. Always insert tube into the meter chamber with the same amount of pressure and to the same depth.

6. Occasionally clean the chamber with a damp lint-free wipe, followed by an alcohol dampened wipe. A clean chamber and tubes are essential for reliable results.

58 ANALYSIS & CALIBRA TION • COLOR

Page 59

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

ERROR MESSAGES

Err1 Very Low battery. Replace battery or switch to AC power. Press back

arrow () to back out. Scan sample again. Replace battery as soon as possible.

Err2 The meter can not be calibrated outside of the allowable range of the

displayed reading. Confirm that standard was made correctly. The displayed reading can only be adjusted to ±50% of the factory calibration.

Err3 Meter can not be calibrated with a zero sample. Calibrate the meter

with a sample other than zero.

Err4 Processing error due to motion of suspended particles or sub micron

air bubbles or opening/closing lid during readings. Scan sample again until reading is obtained.

Err5 No blank reading. The meter has never been blanked for this test

factor. Blank meter.

Err6 Internal mathematical error. Re-blank the meter and rescan the

sample.

Err7 Configuration error. Call LaMotte Tech Service. Meter may have to be

returned for repairs.

low battery Low battery. Change battery.

TROUBLESHOOTING

PROBLEM REASON SOLUTION

Lost in meter menus

Unusually large negative or positive readings when performing calibration.

Erroneous readings

Reset to factory default settings. See page 10.

Incorrect standards used to calibrate meter.

Measurement was taken with lid open.

Hold down *IOK and press

ON. Release both buttons. Press *IOK to select the default settings.

Meter will turn off and the factory settings will be restored.

Use fresh 0.0 standard in clean, labeled vial. Reset meter to factory default settings. See procedure above. Recalibrate meter.

Close lid. Read again.

> on display Over range. The sample is outside of the

acceptable range. Dilute sample and test again.

Meter freezes Lid was opened when

reading was being taken.

TROUBLESHOOTING 59

Close lid. Read again. Unplug adapter. Plug adapter in to reset.

Page 60

STRAY LIGHT

The accuracy of readings on the TC-3000 should not be affected by stray light. Make sure that the sample compartment lid is always fully closed when taking readings.

GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION

OVERVIEW

The TC-3000 is a portable, microprocessor controlled, direct reading colorimeter and nephelometer. Turbidity is measured directly by either EPA Method 180.1 or ISO Method 7027. Color is measured directly in terms of platinum/cobalt color units. Chlorine is determined by reaction with DPD reagents, followed by colorimetric measurement of the reaction. It has a graphical liquid crystal display and 6 button keypad. These allow the user to select options from the menu driven software, to directly read test results, or to review stored results of previous tests in the data logger. The menus can be displayed in six different languages.

The TC-3000 uses a state of the art, multi-detector micro optical configuration for each test factor that assures long term stability of calibrations, high precision and accuracy, and low detection limits. All readings are determined by sophisticated digital signal processing algorithms, minimizing fluctuations in readings and enabling rapid, repeatable measurements. The microprocessor and optics enable a dynamic range and auto-ranging over several ranges for each test factor. Energy efficient LED light sources are used for ISO turbidity, chlorine and color. EPA turbidity uses a tungsten filament light source that meets or exceeds EPA specifications and is designed for a uniform light spot image and stable output.

Tube positioning rings are supplied with the TC-3000. These rings snap onto the shoulders of the tubes. The rings ensure that the tubes are positioned in the chamber in the same orientation from one reading to the next. This minimizes variations in readings due to differences in tube position. This results in greater repeatability and is especially important for samples with low turbidity.

A 9-volt alkaline battery powers the TC-3000 and an optional AC adapter is available. A fresh battery should be installed at all times even when using the AC adapter.

An RS232 serial port on the back of the meter allows an interface of the meter with an IBM compatible computer for real-time data acquisition and data storage using a PC. The TC-3000 may be interfaced with any Windows-based computer by using the LaMotte SMARTLink 2 Program. The port also allows an interface with an RS232 serial printer.

AC Ada

Back View

Lid

ter Socket

RS232 Serial Port

Side

View

60 TROUBLESHOOTING •GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION

Page 61

Top

View

Mott

TC•3000

Bottom

View

ONOFF

Serial

Number

Battery Compartment

GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION 61

Page 62

GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION

The operation of the TC-3000 is controlled by the menu driven software and user interface. A menu is a list of choices. This allows a selection of various tasks for the TC-3000 to perform, such as, scan blank and scan sample. The keypad is used to make menu selections that are viewed on the display.

THE KEYPAD

 This button will scroll down through a list of menu selections.

*IOK This button is used to select menu choices adjacent to the * in a menu viewed

in the display

 This button will scroll up through a list of menu selections.

OFF This button turns the TC-3000 off.

 This button is an exit or escape button. When pressed, the display will exit the

current menu and go to the previous menu.

ON This button is used to turn on the TC-3000.

Mott

TC•3000

ONOFF

62 GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION

Page 63

THE DISPLAY & MENUS

The display allows menu selections to be viewed and selected. These selections instruct the TC-3000 to perform specific tasks. The menus are viewed in the display using two general formats that are followed from one menu to the next. Each menu is a list of choices or selections.

The display has a header line at the top and a footer line at the bottom. The header displays the title of the current menu. The footer line displays the time and the date. The menu selection window is in the middle of the display between the header and the footer.

The menu selection window displays information in two general formats. In the first format only menu selections are displayed. Up to 4 lines of menu selections may be displayed. If more selections are available they can be viewed by pressing the arrow buttons ( or ) to scroll the other menu selections into the menu selection window. Think of the menu selections as a vertical list in the display that moves up or down each time an arrow button ( or ) is pressed. All menus in the TC-3000 are looping menus. The top and bottom menu choices are connected in a loop. Scrolling down past the bottom of the menu will lead to the top of the menu. Scrolling up past the top of the menu will lead to the bottom of the menu.

Header Menu Title

* First Choice

Menu Selection Window Second Choice

Another and another

Footer 16:02:19 01/04/05

and another and so on

An asterisk, *, will start in the far left position of the top line in the menu choice window. To move the * press the up or down arrow buttons ( or ) to scroll through the menu selections. The * in the display corresponds with the *IOK button. Pushing the *IOK button selects the menu choice which is adjacent to the * in the menu selection window.

In the second format the menu choice window takes advantage of the graphical capabilities of the display. Large format graphic information, such as test results or error messages or the LaMotte logo is displayed. The top three lines of the display are used to display information in a large, easy to read format. The menus work in the same way as previously described but only one line of the menu is visible at the bottom of the display. On the lower right side of the display small up and down arrows ( or ) indicate that other menu selections are available above or below the one visible line of the menu.

DISPLAY & MENUS 63

Page 64

Header Menu Title

Message or Result

Window

Message or Result

Menu Selection Window * First Choice

Footer 16:02:19 01/04/05

Second Choice another andsoon

As described previously, the  button allows an exit or escape from the current menu and a return to the previous menu. This allows a rapid exit from an inner menu to the main menu by repeatedly pushing the  button. Pushing OFF at any time will turn the TC-3000 off.

The display may show the following messages:

Err1 to Err7 Error messages. See Troubleshooting Guide, page 59.

low battery Low battery.

> Over range indicator.

pq More choices are available and can be viewed by scrolling

up and/or down through the display.

Header Identifies the current menu and information on units and

reagent systems if applicable. In the data logging mode the number of the data point is displayed and the total number of data points in the memory will be shown.

Footer Shows current time and date.



Header Menu Title

Message or Result

Window

Message or Result

Menu Selection Window * First Choice

Footer 16:02:19 01/04/05

Second Choice another andsoon

64 DISPLAY & MENUS

Page 65

NEGATIVE RESULTS

There are always small variations in readings with analytical instruments. Often these variations can be observed by taking multiple readings of the same sample. These variations will fall above and below an average reading. Repeated readings on a 0.00 sample might give readings above and below 0.00. Therefore, negative readings are possible and expected on samples with concentrations at or near zero. This does not mean there is a negative concentration in the sample. It means the sample reading was less that the blank reading. Small negative readings can indicate that the sample was at or near the detection limit. This is a normal variation that results in a negative reading. A large negative reading, however, is not normal and indicates a problem. Some instruments are designed to display negative readings as zero. In this type of instrument, if the meter displayed zero when the result was actually a large negative number there would be no indication that a problem existed. For this reason, the TC-3000 displays negative numbers.

TUBES

The TC-3000 uses one type of tube (Code 0290) for the turbidity, color and chlorine tests. There is no need for a special turbidity tube.

The handling of the tubes is of utmost importance. Tubes must be clean and free from lint, fingerprints, dried spills and significant scratches, especially the central zone between the bottom and the sample line.

Scratches, fingerprints and water droplets on the tube can cause stray light interference leading to inaccurate results especially when measuring turbidity. Scratches and abrasions will affect the accuracy of the readings for all test factors. Tubes that have been scratched in the light zone through excessive use should be discarded and replaced with new ones.

Tubes should always be washed on the inside and outside with mild detergent prior to use to remove dirt or fingerprints. The tubes should be allowed to air-dry in an inverted position to prevent dust from entering the tubes. To prevent introducing moisture into the meter chamber, tube positioning rings should be removed before washing tubes. If tubes are washed with tube positioning rings in place, the rings should be removed and thoroughly dried before replacing them on the dry tubes. Dry tubes should be stored with the caps on to prevent contamination.

After a tube has been filled and capped, it should be held by the cap and the outside surface should be wiped with a clean, lint-free absorbent cloth until it is dry and smudge-free. Handling the tube only by the cap will avoid problems from fingerprints. Always set the clean tube aside on a clean surface that will not contaminate the tube. It is imperative that the tubes and light chamber be clean and dry. The outside of the tubes should be dried with a clean, lint-free cloth or disposable wipe before they are placed in the meter chamber.

Tubes should be emptied and cleaned as soon as possible after reading a sample to prevent deposition of stains or particulates on the inside of the tubes. Reacted chlorine samples at high concentrations will stain the tubes. When highly accurate results are required, reduce error by designating tubes to be used only for chlorine, very low turbidity and very high turbidity testing.

Variability in the geometry of the glassware and technique are the predominate causes of variability in results. Slight variations in wall thickness and the diameter of the tubes

NEGATIVE RESULTS • TUBES 65

Page 66

may lead to slight variations in the test results. To eliminate this error the tubes shoulbe placed in the chamber with the same orientation each time. The orientation of the tubes in the chamber is controlled by use of a tube positioning ring. For improved accuracy and precision, especially at low concentrations, the tubes should always be used with a positioning ring. (See page 22)

PC LINK

The TC-3000 may be interfaced with any Windows-based computer by using the LaMotte SMARTLink 2 Program and Interface Cable (Code 1912-3 with 3.5 inch disk or Code 1912-CD with compact disk). The program will store test information and results in a database. The meter may also be interfaced with an RS232 serial printer, using an interface cable (Code 1772) and setting the printer configuration to the Output as described below.

OUTPUT

RS232 compatible, asynchronous serial, 9600 baud, no parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit.

COMPUTER CONNECTION

RS232 interface connection, 8 pin mini-DIN/9 pin F D-submin. (Order Interface Cable Code 1772).

BATTER Y OPERATION

The TC-3000 may be operated on battery power or using an AC adapter. If using the meter as a bench top unit, use the AC adapter if possible. If using the meter only on battery power, always keep a spare battery on hand.

REPLACING THE BATTER Y

The TC-3000 uses a standard 9-volt alkaline battery that is available worldwide. The battery compartment is located on the bottom of the case.

To replace the battery:

1. Open the battery compartment lid.

2. Remove the battery and disconnect the battery from the polarized plug.

3. Carefully connect the new battery to the polarized plug and insert it into the

compartment.

4. Close the battery compartment lid.

MAINTENANCE

CLEANING

Clean meter with a damp, lint-free cloth. DO NOT ALLOW WATER TO ENTER THE METER CHAMBER OR ANY OTHER PARTS

OF THE METER. Clean meter chamber and lenses over LEDs with a lint-free cloth slightly dampened

with alcohol.

66 PC LINK • BA TTER Y OPERA TION • MAINTENANCE

Page 67

METER DISPOSAL

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Natural resources were used in the production of this equipment. This equipment may

contain materials that are hazardous to health and the environment. To avoid harm to the environment and natural resources, the use of appropriate take-back systems is recommended. The crossed out wheeled bin symbol on the meter encourages you to use these systems when disposing of this equipment.

Take-back systems will allow the materials to be reused or recycled in a way that will not harm the environment. For more information on approved collection, reuse, and recycling systems contact your local or regional waste administration or recycling service.

REPAIRS

Should it be necessary to return the meter for repair or servicing, pack the meter carefully in a suitable container with adequate packing material. A return authorization number must be obtained from LaMotte Company by calling 800-344-3100 (US only) or 410-778-3100, faxing 410-778-6394, or emailing tech@lamotte.com. Often a problem can be resolved over the phone or by email. If a return of the meter is necessary, attach a letter with the return authorization number, meter serial number, a brief description of problem and contact information including phone and FAX numbers to the shipping carton. This information will enable the service department to make the required repairs more efficiently.

MAINTENANCE 67

Page 68

GENERAL INFORMATION

PACKAGING AND DELIVERY

Experienced packaging personnel at LaMotte Company assure adequate protection against normal hazards encountered in transportation of shipments.

After the product leaves LaMotte Company, all responsibility for safe delivery is assured by the transportation company. Damage claims must be filed immediately with the transportation company to receive compensation for damaged goods.

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

READ THE INSTRUCTION MANUAL BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO SET UP OR OPERATE THE METER. Failure to do so could result in personal injury or damage to

the meter. The meter should not be used or stored in a wet or corrosive environment. Care should be taken to prevent water from wet tubes from entering the meter chamber.

NEVER PUT WET TUBES IN THE METER.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Read the label on all reagent containers. Some labels include precautionary notices and first aid information. Certain reagents are considered potential health hazards and are designated with a * in the instruction manual. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or our web site, www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact us by e-mail, phone or FAX. Additional information for all LaMotte reagents is available in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands from Chem-Tel by calling 1-800-255-3924. For other areas, call 813-248-0585 collect to contact Chem-Tel’s International access number. Each reagent can be identified by the four-digit number listed on the upper left corner of the reagent label, in the content list and in the test procedures.

LIMITS OF LIABILITY

Under no circumstances shall LaMotte Company be liable for loss of life, property, profits, or other damages incurred through the use or misuse of their products.

68 GENERAL INFORMATION

Page 69

SPECIFICATIONS- T C-3000e and TC-3000i

Instrument Type: Turbidity: Nephelometer

Color: Colorimeter Chlorine: Colorimeter

Standard: Turbidity: EPA 180.1, TC-3000e

ISO7027, TC-3000i Color: Adapted from Standard Methods 2120B Chlorine: Standard Methods 4500-CL G

Units of Measure: Turbidity: NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units)

FNU (Formazin Nephelometric Units)

ASBC (American Society of Brewing Chemists)

EBC (European Brewery Convention)

FAU (Formazin Attenuation Unit) Color: Platinum Cobalt Color Units (cu) Chlorine: Parts Per Million (ppm), Milligrams Per Liter (mg/L)

Range: Turbidity: 0-4000 NTU, 0-4000 FNU, 40-4000 FAU,

0-35000 ASBC, 0-500 EBC Color: 0.0–500.0 cu Chlorine: 0.00–10.00 ppm free and total chlorine

Range Selection: Turbidity: Automatic, TC-3000e, Automatic, TC-3000i

Color: Automatic, TC-3000e, Automatic, TC-3000i Chlorine: Automatic, TC-3000e, Automatic, TC-3000i

Resolution: (display) Turbidity: 0.01 NTU, 0–10.99 NTU Range

0.1 NTU, 11–109.99 NTU Range

1 NTU, 110–4000 NTU Range Color: 0.1 cu, 0–99.9 cu Range

1 cu, 100–500 cu Range Chlorine: 0.01 ppm, 0–5 ppm Range

0.1 ppm, 5–10 ppm Range

Accuracy: Turbidity: ±0.05 or ±2% of reading, whichever is greater,

below 100 NTU

±3% of reading, above 100 NTU Color: ±0.5 cu or ±2%, whichever is greater Chlorine: ±0.02% ppm or 2%, whichever is greater,

0-5 ppm Range,

±10%, 5–10 ppm Range

Detection Limit: Turbidity: 0.05 NTU

Color: 0.2 cu Chlorine: 0.02 ppm

Light Source: Turbidity: Tungsten lamp 2300°C±50°C, TC-3000e;

IR LED 860 nm ±10 nm, spectral bandwidth

50 nm, TC-3000i Color: 375 ±5 nm UV LED

SPECIFICATIONS 69

Page 70

Chlorine: 525 ±2 nm LED

Detector: Turbidity: Photodiode, centered at 90°, maximum peak

550 nm, TC-3000e;

Photodiode, centered at 90°, TC-3000i Color: Photodiode Chlorine: Photodiode

Light Source

Automatic

Stabilization: Response Time: <5 seconds Signal Averaging: Turbidity and color Sample Chamber: Accepts 25 mm flat-bottomed test tubes Sample: 10 mL in capped tube Display: Graphic Liquid Crystal Display Software: Data Logging: 4004 points

Auto Shut-off: 5, 10, 30 min, disabled Calibration: Field adjustable, 2-points

Languages: English, French, Spanish, Japanese (Kana), Portuguese, Italian Temperature: Operation: 0–50 °C; Storage: -40–60 °C Operation Humidity

0–90 % RH, non-condensing

Range: Auto Shutdown: 0, 5, 10 or 30 minutes Power Source*: Battery Operation: 9 volt alkaline

Line Operation: Input: 100-240VAC/50-60Hz with imbedded IEC socket (2 pin) Output: 9VDC REG 1.2A with 2.1 x 5.5 mm output plug center positive

Battery Life: >250 tests, TC-3000e

>2500 tests, TC-3000i (with signal averaging disabled)

Dimensions

16.2 x 8.5 x 6.7 cm; 6.4 x 3.4 x 2.6 inches

(LxWxH): Weight: 339 g, 12 oz (meter only) Serial Interface: RS232, 8 pin mDIN, 9600b, 8, 1, n

*CE Mark: The device complies to the product specifications for the Low Voltage Directive when furnished with the 100-240V AC Adapter (Code 1754).

70 SPECIFICATIONS

Page 71

ST ATISTICAL AND TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS RELATED TO PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

Method Detection Limit (MDL): “The method detection limit (MDL) is defined as the

minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero and is determined from analysis of a sample in a given matrix containing the analyte.”

William Horwitz once stated, ‘In almost all cases when dealing with a limit of detection or limit of determination, the primary purpose of determining that limit is to stay away from it.’”

Accuracy: Accuracy is the nearness of a measurement to the accepted or true value. The accuracy can be expressed as a range, about the true value, in which a measurement occurs (i.e. ±0.5 ppm). It can also be expressed as the % recovery of a known amount of analyte in a determination of the analyte (i.e. 103.5 %).

Resolution: Resolution is the smallest discernible difference between any two measurements that can be made.

For meters this is usually how many decimal places are displayed. (i.e. 0.01). Note that the resolution many change with concentration or range. In some cases the resolution may be less than the smallest interval, if it is possible to make a reading that falls between calibration marks. A word of caution,

that resolution has very little relationship to accuracy or precision. The resolution will always be less than the accuracy or precision but it is not a statistical measure of how well a method of analysis works. The resolution can be very, very good and the accuracy and precision can be very bad! This is not

a useful measure of the

performance of a test method.

Repeatability: Repeatability is the within-run precision. from set up to clean up. Generally, one run occurs on one day. However, for meter calibrations, a single calibration is considered a single run or data set, even though it may take 2 or 3 days.

Reproducibility: Reproducibility is the between-run precision. Detection Limit (DL): The detection limit (DL) for the TC-3000 is defined as the

minimum value or concentration that can be determined by the meter, which is greater than zero, independent of matrix, glassware, and other sample handling sources of error. It is the detection limit for the optical system of the meter.

Note that, “As Dr.

A run is a single data set,

CFR 40, part 136, appendix B

Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and L Vanatta,

American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 31.

Skoog,D.A.,West,D.M.,Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry,2nded., Holt Rinehart

and Winston, Inc, 1969, p. 26.

Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and L Vanatta,

American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 34.

Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vo gel’s Textbook of Quantitative

Chemical Analysis,5

Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vo gel’s Textbook of Quantitative

Chemical Analysis,5

ST ATISTICAL & TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS 71

ed., Longman Scientific & Technical, 1989, p. 130.

ed., Longman Scientific & Technical, 1989, p. 130

Page 72

CONTENTS AND ACCESSORIES

TC-3000e Trimeter Kit EPA Version Code 1964-EPA

CONTENTS Code Code 0 NTU Standard, 60 mL 1480 1480 1 NTU Standard, 60 mL 1484 1481 10 NTU Standard, 60 mL 1485 1482 *Chlorine DPD #1;

*6903A-J *6903A-J

Instrument Grade Tablets, 100 *Chlorine DPD #3;

*6197A-J *6197A-J

Instrument Grade Tablets, 100 Tablet Crusher 0175 0175 Water Sample Bottle, 60 mL 0688 0688 Tubes, 4 (Two with tube positioning

——

rings) Battery, 9V — —

* Warning: Reagents marked with an * are considered a potential health hazard. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

ACCESSORIES

1486 100 NTU Standard, 60 mL (EPA) 1483 100 NTU Standard, 60 mL (ISO) 6197-L Chlorine DPD #1 Instrument Grade Tablets, 500 Tablets 6197-M Chlorine DPD #1 Instrument Grade Tablets, 1000 Tablets 6903-L Chlorine DPD #3 Instrument Grade Tablets, 500 Tablets 6903-M Chlorine DPD #3 Instrument Grade Tablets, 1000 Tablets P-6740-G DPD #1A Free Chlorine Reagent, 30 mL P-6740-H DPD #1A Free Chlorine Reagent, 60 mL P-6741-G DPD #1B Free Chlorine Reagent, 30 mL P-6741-H DPD #1B Free Chlorine Reagent, 60 mL P-6743-G DPD #3 Total Chlorine Reagent, 30 mL P-6743-H DPD #3 Total Chlorine Reagent, 60 mL 0475 Tubes, Code 0290, Set of 6 0641 Tube Positioning Ring, Pack of 2 6973-H Chlorine Standard, 250 ppm, 60 mL 3176-01 Chlorine Titration Kit, 0–10 ppm 4140 Chlorine Secondary Standards, Set of 4 6058-H Color Standard, 500 Color Units, 60 mL 4185 Turbidity-Free Water Kit 2-2097 Filters, 0.1 micron, Pack of 50 1772 Interface Cable, RS232 1754 AC Adapter, 9V (variable 100-240V) 1912-3 or 1912-CD SMARTLink 2 Software and Interface Cable

72 CONTENTS & ACCESSORIES

TC-3000i Trimeter Kit ISO Version Code 1964-ISO

Page 73

EPA COMPLIANCE

The TC-3000e meter meets or exceeds EPA design specifications for NPDWR and NPDES turbidity monitoring programs as specified by the USEPA method 180.1.

ISO COMPLIANCE

This TC-3000i meter meets or exceeds ISO design criteria for quantitative methods of turbidity using optical turbidimeters as specified by ISO 7027.

CE COMPLIANCE

The TC-3000e and TC-3000i meters have been independently tested and have earned the European CE Mark of compliance for electromagnetic compatibility and safety.

To view certificates of compliance, see our website www.lamotte.com

NOTE: The device complies to the product specifications for the Low Voltage Directive when furnished with the AC Adapter (Code 1754).

WARRANTY

This Instrument is guaranteed to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of two (2) years from the original purchase date. In the event that a defect is found during the warranty time frame, LaMotte Company agrees that it will be repaired or replaced without charge except for the transportation costs. This guarantee does not cover batteries.

This product can not be returned without a return authorization number from LaMotte Company. For warranty support or a Return Authorization Number, contact LaMotte Company at 1-800-344-3100 or tech@lamotte.com.

EP A

COMPLIANT

ISO

COMPLIANCE

MARK

YEAR

warranty

Limitations

This guarantee is void under the following circumstances:

• Damage due to operator negligence, misuse, accident or improper application.

•Damage or alterations from attempted repairs by an unauthorized (non-LaMotte)

service.

•Damage due to improper power source, AC adapter or battery.

•Damage caused by acts of God or natural disaster.

•Damage occurred while in transit with a shipping carrier.

LaMotte Company will service and repair out-of-warranty products at a nominal charge

COMPLIANCE • WARRANTY 73

Page 74

Page 75

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LaMotte Company • PO Box 329 • 802 Washington Avenue

Chestertown • Maryland • 21620 • USA

USA 800-344-3100 • 410-778-3100 • fax 410-778-6394 • www.lamotte.com

Code 1964-MN

LaMotte TDS 5 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual