LaMotte TDS 5 User Manual

TC-3000e • Code 1964-EPA

TC-3000i • Code 1964-ISO

Version 1.5 • Code 1964-MN • 11-27-07

WARNING! This set contains chemicals

WARNING! This set contains chemicals

that may be harmful if misused. Read

that may be harmful if misused. Read

cautions on individual containers

cautions on individual containers

carefully. Not to be used by children

carefully. Not to be used by children

except under adult supervision.

except under adult supervision.

CONTENTS

Introduction

Turbidity

WhatisTurbidity?.............................5

HowisTurbidityMeasured?........................5

TakingTurbidityWaterSamples.......................7

Chlorine

WhatisChlorine?.............................7

HowisChlorineMeasured?........................7

TakingChlorineWaterSamples ......................8

Color

WhatisColor?..............................8

HowisColorMeasured? .........................8

SampleDilutionTechniques...........................9

Options and Set Up

FactoryDefaultSettings ............................10

ResettoFactoryDefaultSettings.........................10

Turbidity

SelectingTurbidityUnits..........................10

SelectingaTurbidityCalibrationCurve...................11

Chlorine

SelectingChlorineUnits .........................13

SelectingaChlorineReagentSystem ...................14

Averaging.................................15-16

SettingDate&Time............................16-17

SelectingaLanguage.............................18

SettingAutoShutdown.............................19

Data Logging .............................20-21

Tube Positioning Ring...........................22

Analysis and Calibration

Turbidity

Analysis...............................23-25

DilutionProcedures ...........................26

PreparationofTurbidity-FreeWater...................26-27

TurbidityStandards............................28

CalibrationProcedure.........................28-32

TestingTips .............................32-33

Chlorine

Analysis.................................33

TabletDPDReagents.........................33-38

LiquidDPDReagents.........................39-44

CONTENTS 3

Dilutionprocedures ...........................45

StandardSolutions..........................45-48

CalibrationProcedure-Tablets ....................48-51

CalibrationProcedure-Liquid.....................48-51

TestingTips...............................52

Color

Analysis...............................52-54

DilutionProcedures ...........................54

StandardSolutions............................54

CalibrationProcedure.........................55-58

TestingTips...............................58

Troubleshooting Guide..........................59

General Operating Information

Overview.................................60-61

TheKeypad..................................62

TheDisplay&Menus............................63-65

Tube ....................................65

PC Link ..................................66

Output....................................66

ComputerConnection.............................66

Battery Operation

ReplacingtheBattery..............................66

Maintenance

Cleaning...................................66

MeterDisposal................................67

Repairs....................................67

General Information

PackagingandDelivery ............................68

GeneralPrecautions..............................68

SafetyPrecautions...............................68

Limits of Liability ................................68

Specifications...............................69-70

StatisticalandTechnicalDefinitionsRelatedtoProductSpecifications........71

ContentsandAccessories ...........................72

EPACompliance ...............................73

ISOCompliance ...............................73

CECompliance................................73

Warranty...................................73

4 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

TURBIDITY

What is Turbidity?

Turbidity is an aggregate property of the solution, water in most cases. Turbidity is not
specific to the types of particles in the water. They could be suspended or colloidal
matter and they can be inorganic, organic or biological. At high concentrations
turbidity is perceived as cloudiness or haze or an absence of clarity in the water.
Turbidity is an optical property that results when light passing through a liquid sample
is scattered. The scattering of light results in a change in the direction of the light
passing through the liquid. This is most often caused when the light strikes particles in
solution and is scattered backward, sideways and forward. If the turbidity is low much
of the light will continue in the original direction. Light scattered by the particles allows
the particle to be ”seen” or detected in solution. Just as sunlight passing through a
window is scattered by dust particles in the air, allowing them to be seen.

In the past 10 years, turbidity has become more than just a measure of water clarity.
Because of the emergence of pathogens such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia,
turbidity now holds the key to assuring proper water filtration. In 1998, the EPA
published the IESWTR (interim enhanced surface water treatment rule) mandating
turbidities in combined filter effluent to read at or below 0.3 NTU. By doing so, the
EPA hoped to achieve a 2 log (99%) removal of Cryptosporidium. There is presently
consideration to lower this to 0.1 NTU. The trend has been to check the calibration of
on-line turbidimeters with hand-held field units. The optical design and low detection
limit of the TC-3000 allow very accurate readings for such calibrations.

The meter also allows the user to choose the units of measure for expressing turbidity.
While nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU) has been the standard for years, FNU
(formazin nephelometric unit) and FAU (formazin attenuation unit) are now being used
in ISO 7027 units. American Society of Brewing Chemists (ASBC) units and European
Brewery Convention (EBC) units allow the brewing industry to check process waters.

How is Turbidity Measured?

Scattered Turbidity 90°

and Color Detector

Chlorine
Detector

Turbidity Light

Direct
Turbidity
Detector

Source

IR LED 860nm: 3000i
Tungsten Lamp: 3000e
and stabilization detector

Chlorine LED 525nm

and stabilization detector

Color UV LED 375nm

and stabilization detector

INTRODUCTION 5

Turbidity is measured by detecting and quantifying the scattering of light in water
(solution). Turbidity can be measured in many ways. There are visual methods and
instrumental methods. Visual methods are more suitable for samples with high
turbidity. Instrumental methods can be used on samples with both high and low levels
of turbidity.

Two visual methods are the Secchi Disk method and the Jackson Candle method. The
Secchi Disk method is often used in natural waters. A black and white Secchi Disk is
lowered into the water until it can no longer be seen. It is then raised until it can be
seen again. The average of these two distances is known as the “Secchi Depth”. The
Jackson Candle method uses a long glass tube over a standard candle. Water is
added or removed from the tube until the candle flame becomes indistinct. The depth
of the water measured with a calibrated scale is reported as Jackson Turbidity Units
(JTU). The lowest turbidity that can be determined with this method is about 25 NTU.

There are two common methods for instruments to measure turbidity. Instruments can
measure the attenuation of a light beam passing through a sample and they can
measure the scattered light from a light beam passing through a sample. In the
attenuation method, the intensity of a light beam passing through turbid sample is
compared with the intensity passing through a turbidity-free sample at 180° from the
light source. This method is good for highly turbid samples. The most common
instrument for measuring scatter light in a water sample is a nephelometer. A
nephelometer measures light scattered at 90° to the light beam. Light scattered at
other angles may also be measured, but the 90° angle defines a nephelometric
measurement. The light source for nephelometric measurements can be one of two
types to meet EPA or ISO specifications. The EPA specifies a tungsten lamp with a color
temperature of 2,200–3,000 K. The units of measurement for the EPA method are
nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). The ISO specifies a light emitting diode (LED) with
a wavelength of 860 nm and a spectral bandwidth less than or equal to 60 nm. The
units of measurement for the ISO method are formazin nephelometric units (FNU).
The TC-3000e meets the EPA specification and the TC-3000i meets the ISO
specification. The nephelometric method is most useful for low turbidity.

The TC-3000 is a nephelometer that is capable of measuring turbidity by both the
attenuation method and the nephelometric method. It uses a detector placed at 180°
to the light source for the attenuation method. It uses a detector placed at 90° to the
light source for the Nephelometric method. The TC-3000 also has a third detector that
monitors the intensity of the light source. It uses this detector to improve instrumental
stability and minimize calibration drift. The TC-3000 also has a signal averaging
option to improve the stability of readings on low turbidity samples.

The TC-3000 has two different turbidity calibrations, formazin and Japan Standard.
The formazin calibration is the EPA and ISO approved method of calibrating
nephelometers. This calibration can be used with user prepared formazin standards or
commercially purchased formazin standards. LaMotte Company approved AMCO

TM

standards labeled for use with the TC-3000 can also be used with the formazin
calibration. Stablcal

â

standards below 50 NTU should not be used to calibrate the

TC-3000.
The Japan Standard calibration is a calibration for a Japanese Water Works standard.

It is based on Japanese formulated polystyrene turbidity standards. This calibration
should only be use to meet Japanese Water Works requirements. The Japanese
polystyrene standards can only be purchased in Japan. Formazin, AMCO and
Stablcal

6 TURBIDITY

â

standards cannot be used with this calibration.

T AKING TURBIDITY WATER SAMPLES

Clean plastic or glass containers may be used for turbidity samples. Ideally, samples
should be tested soon after collection and at the same temperature as when collected.

CHLORINE

What is Chlorine?

Chlorine is added to water systems to sanitize the water. There are various forms of
chlorine that are added to water. These can be gas, liquid (commonly called bleach or
sodium hypochlorite), calcium hypochlorite mixtures, stabilized chlorine products and
as chlorine generated using salt. When these forms of chlorine are added, they react
with water to form free chlorine, hypochlorous acid. If free chlorine reacts with
ammonia, it will form various types of combined chlorine (chloramines). Depending on
the chlorine to ammonia ratio, these can be mono, di or tri chloramines.

Because free chlorine can react with precursors in the water to form carcinogenic
trihalomethanes (THMs), many water systems have switched to chloramines. In these
systems, free chlorine and ammonia are added together and controlled to form
monochloramine. Although not as active a sanitizer as free chlorine, chloramine is less
likely to form THMs. Since it is a slower sanitizer, the concentration of chloramine in
water is higher than the concentration of free chlorine in water distribution systems.

The present EPA limit of chlorine in water systems is 4.0 ppm. The amount of chlorine
used to process waste may be higher than this.

Many states also establish limits on the amount of chlorine that can be discharged into
a body of water after waste processing. These usually are less than 0.1 ppm. The low
detection limit of the TC-3000 makes it ideal for such measurements. Because of its
wide range, the TC-3000 can be used to measure the water used in the wastewater
process, in a distribution system and for many low level discharge requirements.

How is Chlorine Measured?

The most common methods for measuring chlorine are colorimetric methods. In
colorimetric methods, chlorine reacts with reagents added to a water sample. The
reaction of the chlorine with the reagents produces a color. The intensity of the color
produced is proportional to the concentration of chlorine in the sample. The intensity
of the color can be measured by visual comparison with a calibrated color chart or
othere types of visual color comparators. Visual methods suffer due to the subjective
observations of the person judging the colors.

The TC-3000 uses EPA approved DPD reagents to react with chlorine. In the absence
of iodide, free available chlorine reacts instantly with DPD to produce a pink color.
Subsequent addition of potassium iodide (DPD 3) causes a reaction with combined
form of chlorine. The TC-3000 electronically measures the color produced in these
reactions in comparison to a colorless water sample. First it measures the intensity of a
light beam passing through a clear colorless sample, the blank. Then it measures the
intensity of light passing through the pink reacted sample. The TC-3000 uses the ratio
of these two measurements to calculate the concentration of chlorine and displays the
result. The TC-3000 uses the EPA approved wavelength of 525 nm, to make these
measurements.

CHLORINE 7

Taking Chlorine Water Samples

Chlorine solutions are not stable and should be analyzed immediately. Samples may
be collected in glass. Amber or opaque bottles are recommended since exposure to
sunlight or agitation will decrease chlorine concentrations. It is best to fill bottles
completely to assure there is no air in the container. If sampling from a tap, allow the
water to run for a minute to assure a proper sample.

COLOR

What is Color?

Many different dissolved or suspended materials contribute to the color of water. These
can include industrial wastes, plant materials, metals and plankton. There are two
terms used to define color. If one examines a water sample straight from a water
source, the color of the water is its apparent color. To ascertain the color of the water
without the contribution of suspended substances and is called true color. True color
can increase after precipitation, and decrease in drier weather.

Some bodies of water can change color quickly, depending on the runoff conditions
and plant life around them. Wind can also stir up substances more in shallower bodies
of water causing quick color change. Major contributors are tannins, hemic acids, and
inorganic minerals. Color can be critical, since as the color increases, the amount of
light that penetrates the water decreases, and thus submerged plant life, that depend
on this light for photosynthesis, will decrease.

How is Color Measured?

Since most natural waters have color that is similar to a solution of chloroplatinate and
cobalt, the APHA specifies the use of dilute chloroplatinate/cobalt color standards to
define color values. In the APHA method, the color of a water sample is compared
visually to 6 to 9 chloroplatinate/cobalt standards. However, visual methods suffer due
to the subjective observations of the person judging the colors. To eliminate this source
of error, color can be measured electonically with a spectrophotometer, or colorimeter
liekt the TC-3000.

The TC-3000 is calibrated with APHA color standards at 375 nm. This wavelength
was found to give the greatest sensitivity with chloroplatinate/cobalt color standards,
thus most natural waters. The meter electronically measures color in comparison to a
colorles water sample. First it measures the intensity if a light beam passing through a
clear colorless sample, the blank. Then it measures the intensity of light passing
through the colored sample. The TC-3000 uses the ration of these two measurements
to calculate the color and displays the result. The results are expressed in APHA color
units (cu). The TC-3000 can use signal averaging to improve accuracy when
measuring very low levels of color. Not valid, unless a correlation chart has been
constructed.

There is no standard wavelength for measuring color and it is common for meters to
use different wavelengths. Since chloroplatinate/cobalt standards will have different
absorbance values at various wavelengths, comparing results from the TC-3000 to
meters using wavelengths other than 375 nm is not valid.

Meters using different wavelengths will only give the same reading when measuring
chloroplatinate/cobalt standards since they are both calibrated to those standards.
When measuring natural water, meters using different wavelengths should not be

8 COLOR

expected to give the same result because the absorbance spectrum of natural water is
usually not identical to the absorbance spectrum of chloroplatinate/cobalt standards.
The reading that the meter displays is a correlation between the color of the sample
water and the color standards at a fixed wavelength. The correlation, and reading, will
change as the wavelength changes The TC-3000 takes advantage of this fact by
selecting a wavelength that gives much greater sensitivity when measuring the color of
most natural waters, than single wavelength meters that use much higher wavelengths.

Taking Color Water Samples

Samples should ideally be collected in glass containers. Perform the analysis soon after
sampling since the color may change with time. For true color determinations, remove
turbidity by filtration or centrifugation.

SAMPLE DILUTION TECHNIQUES

If a test result is out of the range of the meter, it must be diluted. The test should then
be repeated on the diluted sample. The following table gives quick reference
guidelines for dilutions of various proportions.

Amount of Sample Deionized Water to Bring

Multiplication Factor

Final Volume to 10 mL
10 mL 0 mL 1
5mL 5mL 2

2.5 mL 7.5 mL 4
1mL 9mL 10

0.5 mL 9.5 mL 20

All dilutions are based on a final volume of 10 mL so several dilutions will require
small volumes of the water sample. Graduated pipets should be used for all dilutions.
If volumetric glassware is not available, dilutions can be made with the colorimeter
tube. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample and then transfer it to another
container. Add 10 mL volumes of deionized water to the container and mix. Transfer
10 mL of the diluted sample to the colorimeter tube and follow the test procedure.
Repeat the dilution and testing procedures until the result falls within the range of the
calibration. Multiply the test result by the dilution factor. For example, if 10 mL of the
sample water is diluted with three 10 mL volumes of deionized water, the dilution
factor is four. The test result of the diluted sample should be multiplied by four.

SAMPLE DILUTION TECHNIQUES 9

OPTIONS & SET UP

FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS

Settings that have user options have been set at the factory to default settings.

The factory default settings are:

Turbidity Units NTU
Turbidity Calibration formazin
Chlorine Units ppm
Chlorine Calibration Tablet
Averaging Disabled
Date Format MM/DD/YY
Language English
Auto Shutdown Disabled

RESET TO FA CTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS

To return the meter to the factory settings, turn the meter off. Hold down *IOK button.
Press ON. Release both buttons. Press *IOK button to select the default settings.
Meter will turn off and the factory settings will be restored. Restoring the factory settings
will remove the user-level calibration but not the zeroing. To change the default
settings follow the instructions in the following sections.

TURBIDITY

The default units are NTU and the default calibration curve is formazin. To change the
settings:

Selecting Turbidity Units

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Options.

10 OPTIONS & SETUP • TURBIDITY

Main Menu

Measure
Data Logging

* Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Turbidity .

Options

Averaging

* Turbidity

Chlorine
Date/Time

16:02:19 01/04/05

4. Press the *IOK to select Units. Turbidity

*Units

Calibration

16:02:19 01/04/05

5. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select units.
Available units are: NTU

(Nephelometric Turbidity Units);
FNU (Formazin Nephelometric
Units); ASBC (American Society of
Brewing Chemists); EBC (European

Units
*NTU

FNU
ASBC
EBC

16:02:19 01/04/05

Brewery Convention)

Note:

If Attenuation is chosen as a calibration curve. The result will be reported in

FAU (Formazin Attenuation Units).

6. Press  to exit to a previous menu or
make another menu selection or
press OFF to turn the meter off.

Selecting A Turbidity Calibration Curve

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

OPTIONS & SETUP • TURBIDITY 11

2. Scroll down and then press *IOK to

select Options.

Main Menu

Measure
Data Logging

* Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Turbidity .

4. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Calibration.

5. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select a Calibration curve. Select
a calibration option based on the
composition of the standards that
will be used to calibrate the meter.
Available options are: Formazin,
Pol ystyrene, Attenuation.

For the most accurate results, the
Attenuation option should be chosen
when samples are over 500 NTU.
The range for the attenuation option
is 40–4000 NTU.

Options

Averaging

* Turbidity

Chlorine
Date/Time

16:02:19 01/04/05

Turbidity

Units

* Calibration

16:02:19 01/04/05

Turbidity

Units

* Calibration

16:02:19 01/04/05

Calibration
* Formazin

Japan Standard
Attenuation

16:02:19 01/04/05

Note: StablCalâstandards below 50 NTU should not be used to calibrate the
TC-3000. The diluent has a different refractive index than traditional formazin
standards and will affect the results. The Japan Standard calibration mode should
be used only with Japanese Polystyrene Standards (0–100 NTU).

12 OPTIONS & SETUP • TURBIDITY

6. Press  to exit to a previous menu or
make another menu selection or
press OFF to turn the meter off.

CHLORINE

The default units are ppm and the default calibration curve is for DPD Tablet reagents.
To change the settings:

Selecting Chlorine Units

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Scroll down and then press *IOK
to select Options.

Main Menu

Measure
Data Logging

* Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK
to select Chlorine.

Options

Averaging
Turbidity

* Chlorine

Date/Time

16:02:19 01/04/05

4. Press the *IOK to select Units. Chlorine

*Units

Calibration

16:02:19 01/04/05

OPTIONS & SETUP • CHLORINE 13

5. Scroll up and then press *IOK to

select a unit for the chlorine results.
Available options are: mg/L

Units
*mg/L

ppm

(milligrams per liter) or ppm (parts
per million)

16:02:19 01/04/05

6. Press  to exit to a previous menu or
make another menu selection or
press OFF to turn the meter off.

Selecting A Chlorine Calibration/Reagent System

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Scroll down and then press *IOK
to select Options.

Main Menu

Measure
Data Logging

* Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK
to select Chlorine.

Options

Averaging
Turbidity

* Chlorine

Date/Time

16:02:19 01/04/05

4. Scroll down and then press *IOK
to select Calibration.

Chlorine

Units

* Calibration

16:02:19 01/04/05

14 OPTIONS & SETUP • CHLORINE

5. Scroll down and then press *IOK
to select a chlorine reagent system.

The options are: Tabl et or Liquid.

Calibration
*Tablet

Liquid

16:02:19 01/04/05

6. Press  to exit to a previous menu or
make another menu selection or
press OFF to turn the meter off.

AVERAGING

The averaging option is available for color and turbidity testing. It allows the user to
average multiple readings. This option will improve the accuracy of samples with
readings that may tend to drift with time. When the two, five or ten reading options
have been selected, the meter will show a running average of the readings that have
been taken until the final average is displayed. The default setting is disabled. To
change the setting:

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Scroll down and then press *IOK
to select Options.

Main Menu

Measure
Data Logging

* Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

3. Press *IOK to select Averaging. Options

* Averaging

Turbidity
Chlorine
Date/Time

16:02:19 01/04/05

OPTIONS & SETUP • AVERAGING 15

4. Scroll down and then press *IOK to
select an averaging option.

Available options are:

Disabled, 2 Measurements,
5 Measurements,
10 Measurements.

Note: The
current setting.

5. Press  to exit to a previous menu or
make another menu selection or
press OFF to turn the meter off.

Note: When the Averaging option is
selected, it will take longer to get the
final result and more power will be
used.

is displayed next to the

*

SETTING THE DATE AND TIME

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

Averaging
Disabled
* 2 Measurements

5 Measurements
10 Measurements

16:02:19 01/04/05

1.3

2. Scroll down and then press *IOK
to select Options.

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK
to select Date/Time.

16 OPTIONS & SETUP • SETTING THE DA TE & TIME

Main Menu

Measure
Data Logging

* Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

Options

Turbidity
Chlorine

* Date/Time

Language

16:02:19 01/04/05

4. Press *IOK to select Set Date or
scroll down and then press *IOK to
select Set Time or Date Format.

Date/Time
*Set Date

Set Time
Date Format

16:02:19 01/04/05

5. When setting the time or the date,
use the  or  to change the
highlighted number on the display.
Press *IOK to accept the value and
move to the next value.

When choosing a date format, use
the  or  to select a date format.
Press *IOK to accept the format.

Set Date

01/04/05

q , * , p

16:02:19 01/04/05

Set Date

01/04/05

16:02:19 01/04/05

Set Date

01

01/04/05

16:02:19 01/04/05

Date/Time
*Set Date

Set Time
Date Format

04

q , * , p

q , * , p

05

16:02:19 01/04/05

6. Press  to exit to a previous menu or
make another menu selection or
press OFF to turn the meter off.

OPTIONS & SETUP • SETTING THE DA TE & TIME 17

SELECTING A LANGUAGE

The default setting is English. To change the setting:

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Options.

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Language.

4. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select a language.
Available languages are: English,

French, Spanish, Japanese
(Kana), Portuguese, Italian.

5. Press  to exit to a previous menu or
make another menu selection or
press OFF to turn the meter off.

Main Menu

Measure
Data Logging

* Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

Options

Chlorine
Date/Time

* Language

Auto Shutdown

16:02:19 01/04/05

Language
* English

Frances
Español
Japanese

16:02:19 01/04/05

18 OPTIONS & SETUP • SELECTING A LANGUAGE

SETTING AUTO SHUTDOWN

The power saving Auto Shutdown feature will turn the meter off when a button has not
been pressed for a set amount of time. The default setting is disabled. To change the
setting:

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Options.

3. Scroll down and then press *IOK

to select Auto Shutdown.

4. Scroll up and then press *IOK to

select a shutdown time.
Available options are: 5minutes,

10 minutes, 30 minutes,
Disabled.

5. Press  to exit to a previous menu
or make another menu selection or
press OFF to turn the meter off.

Main Menu

Measure
Data Logging

* Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

Options

Chlorine
Date/Time

Language
* Auto Shutdown
16:02:19 01/04/05

Auto Shutdown
* 5 Minutes

10 Minutes

30 Minutes

Disabled
16:02:19 01/04/05

OPTIONS & SETUP • SETTING AUTO SHUTDOWN 19

DAT A LOGGING

The default setting for the data logger is start (on). The meter will log the last 4004
data points.

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

1.3

2. Scroll down and press *IOK to

select Data Logging.

3. Press *IOK to view the last data

point that was logged.

4. Press  or  to scroll through the
saved data points.

Main Menu

Measure

* Data Logging

Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

Data Logging
*View

Stop
Erase

16:02:19 01/04/05

304 / 304

25.6 cu

Color
12:48:35 09/11/04
16:02:19 01/04/05

304 / 304

1.58 NTU

Turbidity (F)
16:26:58 09/11/04
16:02:19 01/04/05

Note:

If the data logger is empty because it has never been used or has just been

erased, the view function will not work.

20 DATA LOGGING

Or scroll down and press *IOK to
select Stop or Start to stop or start
the data logging feature.

Data Logging

View

*Stop

Erase

16:02:19 01/04/05

Data Logging

View

*Start

Erase

16:02:19 01/04/05

Or scroll down and press *IOK to
select Erase to empty all logged
data points from the memory.

5. Press OFF to turn the meter off or
press  to exit to a previous menu
or make another menu selection.

Data Logging

View
Stop

* Erase

16:02:19 01/04/05

DATA LOGGING 21

TUBE POSITIONING RING

N

The Tube Positioning Ring

To put a ring on a tube, remove the cap from the tube.
The tube positioning ring has two tapered notches and one

squared-off notch. Place the ring on the tube with the
squared-off notch closest to the top of the tube and tapered
notches closer to the bottom of the tube. Align the single,
squared-off notch with the vertical, white indexing line that is
printed on the tube. Place the tube flat on a hard surface and
firmly press the ring onto the tube with equal pressure distributed
along the top of the ring.

To remove a ring, invert the uncapped tube on a soft surface,
such as a paper towel. Press down on the ring with equal
pressure distributed around the ring.

SQUARED-OFF

NOTCH

INDEXING

E

LI

ANAL YSIS & CALIBRATION

TURBIDITY

The default units are NTU and the default calibration curve is formazin. When (F)is
displayed in the upper right corner of the display, this indicates that the meter is in the
formazin mode. For the most accurate results, a user calibration should be performed.
The Attenuation calibration option should be used when samples are over 500 NTU.
The Japan Standard calibration mode should be used only with Japan Standards
(0–100 NTU). To change the settings see the Set Up instructions (see page 10).

22 TUBE POSITIONING RING • ANAL YSIS & CALIBRATION • TURBIDITY

Analysis

1. Press ON to turn the meter on.

2. Press *IOK to select Measure. Main Menu

* Measure

Data Logging
Options

16:02:19 01/04/05

3. Press *IOK to select Turbidity. Measure

* Turbidity

Color
Chlorine

16:02:19 01/04/05

4. Rinse a clean tube (0290) three
times with the blank.

For the most accurate results, use
thesametubefortheblankandthe
sample.

1.3

5. Fill the tube to the fill line with the
blank. Pour the blank down the
inside of the tube to avoid creating
bubbles.

ANALYSIS & CALIBRATION • TURBIDITY 23