LaMotte SMARTLink3 User Manual
1910-MN
2.13.12
CONTENTS
GENERAL INFORMATION
Packaging & Delivery ...................................................................................... 3
General Precautions ...................................................................................... 3
Safety Precautions ......................................................................................... 3
Limits of Liability ............................................................................................. 4
Warranty ......................................................................................................... 4
Register Your Meter ......................................................................................... 4
Specifi cations ................................................................................................ 5
Statistical and Technical Defi nitions ............................................................... 6
Contents and Accessories ............................................................................. 7
EPA Compliance ............................................................................................ 8
CE Compliance .............................................................................................. 8
IP 67 Certifi cation ............................................................................................ 8
CHEMICAL TESTING
Water Sampling for Chemical Analysis .......................................................... 9
Filtration ....................................................................................................... 10
An Introduction to Colorimetric Analysis ..................................................... 11
Reagent Blank ............................................................................................. 12
Colorimeter Tubes & Chamber ................................................................... 12
Meter Care .................................................................................................... 12
Selecting an Appropriate Wavelength ........................................................ 12
Calibration .................................................................................................... 13
Calibration Curves ....................................................................................... 13
Standard Additions ...................................................................................... 16
Sample Dilution & Volumetric Measurements ............................................ 17
Interferences ................................................................................................ 18
Stray Light Interference ............................................................................... 18
OPERATION OF THE SMART 3 COLORIMETER
Overview ...................................................................................................... 20
Components ................................................................................................ 20
GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES
The Keypad ................................................................................................. 21
Sample Holders ............................................................................................ 21
The Display & the Menus ............................................................................ 22
Looping Menus ............................................................................................. 24
TESTING
Testing Menu ............................................................................................... 25
Test Sequences ........................................................................................... 26
General Testing Procedures ........................................................................ 26
Testing With LaMotte Pre-Programmed Tests ............................................. 27
Calibrating LaMotte Pre-Progammed Tests ................................................. 29
Measuring in the Absorbance Mode ............................................................ 34
EDITING MENU
Editing a Sequence ..................................................................................... 36
Adding a Test ............................................................................................... 38
Deleting a Test ............................................................................................... 40
Edit User Tests ............................................................................................. 42
Naming the Test ........................................................................................... 44
Selecting the Vial and Wavelength ............................................................. 47
Entering a Two Point Calibration ................................................................. 48
Entering a Multiple Point Calibration ............................................................. 52
Selecting the Numerical Format of the Result ............................................. 55
Selecting Units of Concentration ................................................................. 56
Setting the Clock .......................................................................................... 57
Logging Data ................................................................................................ 58
Factory Setup ............................................................................................... 59
Setting the Power Save Function ................................................................. 59
Setting the Backlight Time ............................................................................ 61
Selecting a Language ................................................................................... 62
COMPUTER CONNECTION
PC Link .......................................................................................................... 64
Output .......................................................................................................... 64
Computer Connection .................................................................................. 64
SMARTLink 3 ................................................................................................. 64
BATTERY
Battery/AC Operation .................................................................................... 65
Battery Replacement ..................................................................................... 65
MAINTENANCE
Cleaning ...................................................................................................... 66
Repairs .......................................................................................................... 66
Meter Disposal .............................................................................................. 66
TROUBLESHOOTING
Error Messages ............................................................................................ 67
Troubleshooting Guide ................................................................................. 67
SMART3 COLORIMETER TEST PROCEDURES
APPENDIX
GENERAL INFORMATION
PACKAGING & DELIVERY
Experienced packaging personnel at LaMotte Company assure adequate
protection against normal hazards encountered in transportation of shipments.
After the product leaves the manufacturer, all responsibility for its safe delivery
is assured by the transportation company. Damage claims must be fi led
immediately with the transportation company to receive compensation for
damaged goods.
Should it be necessary to return the instrument for repair or servicing, pack
instrument carefully in a suitable container with adequate packing material.
A return authorization number must be obtained from LaMotte Company by
calling 1-800-344-3100 or emailing tech@lamotte.com. Attach a letter with the
authorization number to the shipping carton which describes the kind of trouble
experienced. This valuable information will enable the service department to
make the required repairs more effi ciently.
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Before attempting to set up or operate this instrument it is important to read the
instruction manual. Failure to do so could result in personal injury or damage to
the equipment.
The SMART3 Colorimeter should not be stored or used in a wet or corrosive
environment. Care should be taken to prevent water or reagent chemicals from
wet colorimeter tubes from entering the colorimeter chamber.
NEVER PUT WET TUBES IN COLORIMETER.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Read the labels on all LaMotte reagent containers prior to use. Some containers
include precautionary notices and fi rst aid information. Certain reagents are
considered hazardous substances and are designated with a * in the instruction
manual. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) can be found at www.lamotte.
com. Read the MSDS before using these reagents. Additional emergency
information for all LaMotte reagents is available 24 hours a day from the Poison
Control Center listed in the front of the phone book or by contacting the 24
hour emergency line for ChemTel 1-800-255-3924 (USA, Canada, Puerto Rico);
locations outside the North American Continent 813-248-0585 (call collect). Be
prepared to supply the name and four-digit LaMotte code number found on the
container label or at the top of the MSDS or in the contents list of the procedure.
LaMotte reagents are registered with a computerized poison control information
system available to all local poison control centers.
Keep equipment and reagent chemicals out of the reach of young children.
SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10 3
LIMITS OF LIABILITY
Under no circumstances shall LaMotte Company be liable for loss of life,
property, profi ts, or other damages incurred through the use or misuse of its
products.
WARRANTY
LaMotte Company warrants this instrument to be free of defects in parts and
workmanship for 2 years from the date of shipment. If it should become
necessary to return the instrument for service during or beyond the warranty
period, contact our Technical Service Department at 1-800-344-3100 or
tech@lamotte.com for a return authorization number or visit www.lamotte.
com for troubleshooting help. The sender is responsible for shipping charges,
freight, insurance and proper packaging to prevent damage in transit. This
warranty does not apply to defects resulting from action of the user such
as misuse, improper wiring, operation outside of specifi cation, improper
maintenance or repair, or unauthorized modifi cation. LaMotte Company
specifi cally disclaims any implied warranties or merchantability or fi tness for
a specifi c purpose and will not be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental or
consequential damages. LaMotte Company’s total liability is limited to repair
or replacement of the product. The warranty set forth above is inclusive and no
other warranty, whether written or oral, is expressed or implied.
REGISTER YOUR METER
To register your meter with the LaMotte Service Department, go to
www.lamotte.com and choose SUPPORT on the top navigation bar.
4 SMART3 Colorimeter 02.12
SPECIFICATIONS
INSTRUMENT TYPE: Colorimeter
Readout 160 x 100 backlit LCD, 20 x 6 line graphical display
Wavelengths 428 nm, 525 nm, 568 nm, 635 nm
Wavelength Accuracy ±2% FS
Readable Resolution Determined by reagent system
Wavelength Bandwidth 10 nm typical
Photometric Range –2 to +2 AU
Photometric Precision ± 0.001 AU at 1.0 AU
Photometric Accuracy ±0.005 AU at 1.0 AU
Sample Chamber Accepts 25 mm diameter fl at-bottomed test tubes, 10
mm square cuvettes, 16 mm COD test tubes
Light Sources 4 LEDs
Detectors 4 silicon photodiodes
Modes Pre-programmed tests, absorbance, %T
Pre-Programmed Tests YES, with automatic wavelength selection
User Defi ned Tests Up to 25 user tests can be input
Languages English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian,
Chinese, Japanese
USB Port Mini B
Power Requirements USB wall adapter, USB computer connection or
lithium ion rechargeable battery
Battery Charge Life: Approximately 380 tests with backlight
on to 1000 tests with backlight off. (Signal averaging
disabled).
Battery Life: Approximately 500 charges.
Electrical Rating Provided on nameplate label
Data Logger 500 test results stored for download to a PC
Waterproof IP67 with USB port plug in place
Dimensions (LxWxH) 3.5 x 7.5 x 2.5 inches, 8.84 x 19.05 x 6.35 cm
Weight 13 oz, 362 g (meter only)
SMART3 Colorimeter 02.12 5
STATISTICAL & TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS RELATED TO
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
Method Detection Limit (MDL): “The method detection limit (MDL) is defi ned
as the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and
reported with 99% confi dence that the analyte concentration is greater than
zero and is determined from analysis of a sample in a given matrix containing
the analyte.”1 Note that, “As Dr. William Horwitz once stated, ‘In almost all cases
when dealing with a limit of detection or limit of determination, the primary
purpose of determining that limit is to stay away from it.’”
2
Accuracy: Accuracy is the nearness of a measurement to the accepted or true
value.3 The accuracy can be expressed as a range, about the true value, in
which a measurement occurs (i.e. ±0.5 ppm). It can also be expressed as the
% recovery of a known amount of analyte in a determination of the analyte (i.e.
103.5 %).
Resolution: Resolution is the smallest discernible difference between any
two measurements that can be made.4 For meters this is usually how many
decimal places are displayed. (i.e. 0.01). Note that the resolution many change
with concentration or range. In some cases the resolution may be less than the
smallest interval, if it is possible to make a reading that falls between calibration
marks. A word of caution, that resolution has very little relationship to accuracy
or precision. The resolution will always be less than the accuracy or precision
but it is not a statistical measure of how well a method of analysis works. The
resolution can be very, very good and the accuracy and precision can be very
bad! This is not a useful measure of the performance of a test method.
Repeatability: Repeatability is the within-run precision.5 A run is a single data
set, from set up to clean up. Generally, one run occurs on one day. However,
for meter calibrations, a single calibration is considered a single run or data set,
even though it may take 2 or 3 days.
Reproducibility: Reproducibility is the between-run precision.
6
Detection Limit (DL): The detection limit (DL) for the 2020we/wi
is defi ned as the minimum value or concentration that can be determined by the
meter, which is greater than zero, independent of matrix, glassware, and other
sample handling sources of error. It is the detection limit for the optical system of
the meter.
1
CFR 40, part 136, appendix B
2
Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and L Vanatta,
American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 31.
3
Skoog, D.A., West, D. M., Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, 2nd ed., Holt
Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1969, p. 26.
4
Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and L Vanatta,
American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 34.
6 SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10
5
Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s Textbook of
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th ed., Longman Scientifi c & Technical, 1989, p.
130.
6
Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s Textbook of
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th ed., Longman Scientifi c & Technical, 1989, p.
130
CONTENTS AND ACCESSORIES
CONTENTS
SMART3 Colorimeter
Test Tubes, with Caps
COD/UDV Adapter
USB Wall Adapter
USB Cable
SMART3 Colorimeter Quick Start Guide
SMART3 Colorimeter Manual
ACCESSORIES
Test Tubes, with Caps Code 0290-6
Replacement Chamber Code 3-0038
USB Cable Code 1720
USB Wall Adapter Code 1721
COD/UDV Adapter Code 1724
Car Charger Code 5-0132
SMARTLink3 Program (CD) Code 1901-CD
Small Field Carrying Case
Code 1910-GCS150
(37.5 27.5 x 13.75 cm)
Large Field Carrying Case
Code 1910-GCS440
(45 x 32.5 x 20 cm)
SMART3 Colorimeter 02.12 7
EPA COMPLIANCE
The SMART3 Colorimeter is an EPA-Accepted instrument. EPA-Accepted
means that the instrument meets the requirements for instrumentation as found
in test procedures that are approved for the National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations (NPDWR) or National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) compliance monitoring programs. EPA-Accepted instruments may be
used with approved test procedures without additional approval.
CE COMPLIANCE
The SMART3 Colorimeter has earned the European CE Mark of Compliance for
electromagnetic compatibility and safety. The Declaration of Conformity for the
SMART3 colorimeter is available at www.lamotte.com.
IP67 CERTIFICATION
The SMART3 meets IP67 standards for protection against dust and immersion
only when the USB port plug is in place. Documentation is available at www.
lamotte.com.
8 SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10
CHEMICAL TESTING
WATER SAMPLING FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Taking Representative Samples
The underlying factor to be considered for any type of water sampling is whether
or not the sample is truly representative of the source. To properly collect a
representative sample:
• Sample as frequently as possible.
• Collect a large sample or at least enough to conduct whatever tests are
necessary.
• Make a composite sample for the same sampling area.
• Handle the sample in such a way as to prevent deterioration or
contamination before the analysis is performed.
• Perform analysis for dissolved gases such as dissolved oxygen, carbon
dioxide, and hydrogen sulfi de immediately at the site of sampling. Samples
for testing these factors, as well as samples for pH, cannot be stored for
later examination.
• Make a list of conditions or observations which may affect the sample.
Other considerations for taking representative samples are dependent
upon the source of the sample. Taking samples from surface waters
involves different considerations than taking samples from impounded and
sub-surface waters.
Sampling of Open Water Systems
Surface waters, such as those found in streams and rivers, are usually well
mixed. The sample should be taken downstream from any tributary, industrial
or sewage pollution source. For comparison purposes samples may be taken
upstream and at the source of the pollution before mixing.
In ponds, lakes, and reservoirs with restricted fl ow, it is necessary to collect a
number of samples in a cross section of the body of water, and where possible
composite samples should be made to ensure representative samples.
To collect samples from surface waters, select a suitable plastic container with
a tight fi tting screw cap. Rinse the container several times with the sample
to be tested, then immerse the container below the surface until it is fi lled to
overfl owing and replace the cap. If the sample is not to be tested immediately,
pour a small part of the sample out and reseal. This will allow for any expansion.
Any condition which might affect the sample should be listed.
Sub-surface sampling is required to obtain a vertical profi le of streams, lakes,
ponds, and reservoirs at specifi c depths. This type of sampling requires more
sophisticated sampling equipment.
For dissolved oxygen studies, or for tests requiring small sample sizes, a Water
SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10 9
Sampler (LaMotte Code 1060) will serve as a subsurface or in-depth sampler.
This weighted device is lowered to the sampling depth and allowed to rest at
this depth for a few minutes. The water percolates into the sample chamber
displacing the air which bubbles to the surface. When the bubbles cease to rise,
the device has fl ushed itself approximately fi ve times and it may be raised to
the surface for examination. The inner chamber of the sampling device is lifted
out and portions of the water sample are carefully dispensed for subsequent
chemical analysis.
A Snap-Plunger Water Sampler (LaMotte Code 1077) is another “in-depth”
sampling device which is designed to collect large samples which can be used
for a multitude of tests. Basically, this collection apparatus is a hollow cylinder
with a spring loaded plunger attached to each end. The device is cocked
above the surface of the water and lowered to the desired depth. A weighted
messenger is sent down the calibrated line to trip the closing mechanism
and the plungers seal the sample from mixing with intermediate layers as it is
brought to the surface. A special drain outlet is provided to draw off samples for
chemical analysis.
Sampling of Closed System
To obtain representative samples from confi ned water systems, such as
pipe lines, tanks, vats, fi lters, water softeners, evaporators and condensers,
different considerations are required because of chemical changes which occur
between the inlet and outlet water. One must have a basic understanding of the
type of chemical changes which occur for the type of equipment used. Also,
consideration should be given to the rate of passage and retaining time for the
process water.
Temperature changes play an important part in deciding exactly what test
should be performed. Process water should be allowed to come to room
temperature, 20–25°C, before conducting any tests.
When drawing off samples from an outlet pipe such as a tap, allow sample to
run for several minutes, rinsing the container several times before taking the fi nal
sample. Avoid splashing and introduction of any contaminating material.
FILTRATION
When testing natural waters that contain signifi cant turbidity due to suspended
solids and algae, fi ltration is an option. Reagent systems, whether EPA,
Standard Methods, LaMotte or any others, will generally only determine
dissolved constituents. Both EPA and Standard Methods suggest fi ltration
through a 0.45 micron fi lter membrane, to remove turbidity, for the determination
of dissolved constituents.** To test for total constituents, organically bound and
suspended or colloidal materials, a rigorous high temperature acid digestion is
necessary.
**LaMotte offers a fi ltering apparatus: syringe assembly (Code 1050) and
membrane fi lters, 0.45 micron, (Code 1103).
10 SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10
AN INTRODUCTION TO COLORIMETRIC ANALYSIS
Most test substances in water are colorless and undetectable to the human
eye. To test for their presence we must fi nd a way to “see” them. The SMART3
Colorimeter can be used to measure any test substance that is itself colored or
can be reacted to produce a color. In fact a simple defi nition of colorimetry is
“the measurement of color” and a colorimetric method is “any technique used
to evaluate an unknown color in reference to known colors”. In a colorimetric
chemical test the intensity of the color from the reaction must be proportional
to the concentration of the substance being tested. Some reactions have
limitations or variances inherent to them that may give misleading results. Many
such interferences are discussed with each particular test instruction. In the
most basic colorimetric method the reacted test sample is visually compared to
a known color standard. However, accurate and reproducible results are limited
by the eyesight of the analyst, inconsistencies in the light sources, and the
fading of color standards.
To avoid these sources of error, a colorimeter can be used to photoelectrically
measure the amount of colored light absorbed by a colored sample in reference
to a colorless sample (blank).
White light is made up of many different colors or wavelengths of light. A
colored sample typically absorbs only one color or one band of wavelengths
from the white light. Only a small difference would be measured between white
light before it passes through a colored sample versus after it passes through
a colored sample. The reason for this is that the one color absorbed by the
sample is only a small portion of the total amount of light passing through the
sample. However, if we could select only that one color or band of wavelengths
of light to which the test sample is most sensitive, we would see a large
difference between the light before it passes through the sample and after it
passes through the sample.
The SMART3 Colorimeter passes one of four colored light beams through
one of four optical fi lters which transmits only one particular color or band
of wavelengths of light to the photodectector where it is measured. The
difference in the amount of colored light transmitted by a colored sample is a
measurement of the amount of colored light absorbed by the sample. In most
colorimetric tests the amount of colored light absorbed is directly proportional
to the concentration of the test factor producing the color and the path length
through the sample. However, for some tests the amount of colored light
absorbed is inversely proportional to the concentration.
The choice of the correct wavelength for testing is important. It is interesting to
note that the wavelength that gives the most sensitivity (lower detection limit)
for a test factor is the complementary color of the test sample. For example the
Nitrate-Nitrogen test produces a pink color proportional to the nitrate-nitrogen
concentration in the sample (the greater the nitrate-nitrogen concentration, the
darker the pink color). A wavelength in the green region should be selected to
analyze this sample since a pinkish-red solution absorbs mostly green light.
SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10 11
REAGENT BLANK
Some tests will provide greater accuracy if a reagent blank is determined to
compensate for any color or turbidity resulting from the reagents themselves. A
reagent blank is performed by running the test procedure on demineralized or
deionized water. Use sample water to SCAN BLANK. Insert the reacted reagent
blank in the colorimeter chamber and select SCAN SAMPLE. Note result of
reagent blank. Perform the tests on the sample water as described. Subtract
results of reagent blank from all subsequent test results. NOTE: Some tests
require a reagent blank to be used to SCAN BLANK.
COLORIMETER TUBES AND CHAMBER
Colorimeter tubes and colorimeter chambers which have been scratched
through excessive use should be discarded and replaced with new ones. Dirty
tubes should be cleaned on both the inside and outside. Fingerprints on the
exterior of the tubes can cause excessive light scattering and result in errors.
Handle the tubes carefully, making sure the bottom half of the tube is not
handled.
LaMotte Company makes every effort to provide high quality colorimeter tubes.
However, wall thicknesses and diameter of tubes may still vary slightly. This may
lead to slight variations in results (e.g. if a tube is turned while in the sample
chamber, the reading will likely change slightly). To eliminate this error put the
tubes into the sample chamber with the same orientation every time.
The tubes that are included with the colorimeter have an index mark to facilitate
this. If possible, use the same tube to SCAN BLANK and SCAN SAMPLE.
METER CARE
The optical system of the SMART3 must be kept clean and dry for optimal
performance. Dry the colorimeter tubes before placing them in the chamber to
avoid introducing moisture. For best results store the instrument in a area that is
dry and free from aggressive chemical vapors.
SELECTING AN APPROPRIATE WAVELENGTH
The most appropriate wavelength to use when creating a calibration curve
is usually the one which gives the greatest change from the lowest reacted
standard concentration to the highest reacted standard concentration. However,
the absorbance of the highest reacted standard concentration should never
be greater than 2.0 absorbance units. Scan the lowest and highest reacted
standards at different wavelengths using the absorbance mode to fi nd the
wavelength which gives the greatest change in absorbance without exceeding
2.0 absorbance units. Use this wavelength to create a calibration curve.
12 SMART3 Colorimeter 02.12
Below is a list of suggested wavelengths for the color of the reacted samples.
Use these as a starting point.
Sample Color Wavelength Range
Yellow 428
Pink 525
Red 568
Green and Blue 635
CALIBRATION
As with all pre-calibrated meters, it is highly recommended, even if not required
by regulations, that the user periodically verify the performance of the meter
by running standards with a predetermined concentration. Results outside of
specifi cation are an indication that the meter needs to be adjusted. This can be
done following the user calibration described on page 28. If the user calibration
fails to properly adjust the meter then the meter should be returned to LaMotte
Company for recalibration. (See page 65).
CALIBRATION CURVES
The SMART3 Colorimeter contains tests for the LaMotte reagent systems. The
fi rst step in using a non-LaMotte reagent system with your SMART3 Colorimeter
is to create a calibration curve for the reagent system. To create a calibration
curve, prepare standard solutions of the test factor and use the reagent system
to test the standard solutions with the SMART3 Colorimeter. Select a wavelength
for the test as described above.
Plot the results (in ABS or %Transmittance) versus concentration to create
a calibration curve. The calibration curve may then be used to identify the
concentration of an unknown sample by testing the unknown, reading
Absorbance or %T, and fi nding the corresponding concentration from the curve.
The linear range of the reagent system can be determined and this information
can be used to input a User Test into the SMART3 Colorimeter (see Edit User
Tests, page 41).
PROCEDURE
Prepare 5 or 6 standard solutions of the factor being tested. The concentration
of these standards should be evenly distributed throughout the range of the
reagent system, and should include a 0 ppm standard (distilled water). For
instance, the solutions could measure 0, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% of the
system’s maximum range.
1. Turn on the SMART3 Colorimeter. Select the appropriate wavelength from the
absorbance mode. Be sure to select the appropriate wavelength for the color
produced by the reagent system.
2. Use the unreacted 0 ppm standard to standardize the colorimeter by using it
SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10 13
to scan blank.
3. Following the individual reagent system instructions, react each standard
solution beginning with 0 ppm. Continue with standards in increasing
concentration. Record the reading and the standard solution concentration
on a chart. Readings can be recorded as percent transmittance (%T) or
absorbance (A).
4. Plot results on graph paper or computer using any available plotting
program. If results are as %T versus concentration, semilog graph paper
must be used. Plot the standard solution concentrations on the horizontal,
linear axis, and the %T on the vertical, logarithmic axis. If results are as
absorbance versus standard solution concentration, simple linear graph
paper can be used. Plot the standard solution concentration on the
horizontal axis, and the absorbance on the vertical axis.
5. After plotting the results, draw a line, or curve, of best fi t through the
plotted points. The best fi t may not connect the points. There should be
approximately an equal number of points above the curve as below the
curve. Some reagent systems will produce a straight line, while others
produce a curve. Many computer spreadsheet programs can produce the
curve of best fi t by regression analysis of the standard solution data.
NOTE: Only reagent systems which produce a straight line can be used for a
User Test.
A sample of each type of graph appears below:
14 SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10
PREPARING DILUTE STANDARD SOLUTIONS
Standard solutions should be prepared to create a calibration curve. Standard
solutions can be prepared by diluting a known concentrated standard by
specifi ed amounts. A chart or computer spreadsheet can be created to
determine the proper dilutions. Use volumetric fl asks and volumetric pipets for
all dilutions.
1. In Column A – Record the maximum concentration of test as determined by
the range and path length.
2. In Column B – Record the percent of the maximum concentration the
standard solution will be.
3. In Column C – Calculate the fi nal concentration of the diluted standard
solutions by multiplying the maximum concentration (In Column A) by the %
of maximum concentration divided by 100. (C = A x
4. In Column D – Record the fi nal volume of the diluted sample (i.e. volume of
volumetric fl ask).
5. In Column E – Record the concentration of the original standard.
6. In Column F – Calculate the milliliters of original standard required (F = (C x
D
/E)).
B
/
).
100
A sample chart appears below:
A B C =
Maximum
concentration
of test
% of Maximum
concentration
A x B/
concentration
of Diluted
Standard
Final
100
D E F =
Volume of
Standard
Concentration
of Original
Standard
C x D/E
mL of
Original
Standard
Required
10.0 ppm 90 9.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.90 mL
10.0 ppm 70 7.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.70 mL
10.0 ppm 50 5.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.50 mL
10.0 ppm 30 3.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.30 mL
10.0 ppm 10 1.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.10 mL
10.0 ppm 0 0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0 mL
SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10 15
STANDARD ADDITIONS
A common method to check the accuracy and precision of a test is by standard
additions. In this method a sample is tested to determine the concentration
of the test substance. A second sample is then “spiked” by the addition of a
known quantity of the test substance. The second sample is then tested. The
determined concentration of the spiked sample should equal the concentration
of the fi rst plus the amount added with the spike. The procedure can be
repeated with larger and larger “spikes.” If the determined concentrations do not
equal the concentration of the sample plus that added with the “spike”, then an
interference may exist.
For example, a 10.0 mL water sample was determined to contain 0.3 ppm iron.
To a second 10.0 mL sample, 0.1 mL of 50 ppm iron standard was added. The
concentration of iron due to the “spike” was (0.10 mL x 50 ppm)/10.0 mL = 0.50
ppm. The concentration of iron determined in the spiked sample should be 0.3
+ 0.5 = 0.8 ppm iron. (Note: any error due to the increased volume from the
“spike” is negligible).
LaMotte offers a line of calibration standards which can be used to generate
calibration curves and perform standard additions.
16 SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10
SAMPLE DILUTION TECHNIQUES & VOLUMETRIC
MEASUREMENTS
If a test result using the SMART3 Colorimeter gives an over range message
then the the sample must be diluted. The test should be repeated on the diluted
sample to obtain a reading which is in the concentration range for the test.
(Note: This is not true for colorimetric determination of pH.)
Example:
Measure 5 mL of the water sample into a graduated cylinder. Add
demineralized water until the cylinder is fi lled to the 10 mL line. The sample
has been diluted by one-half, and the dilution factor is therefore 2. Perform
the test procedure, then multiply the resulting concentration by 2 to obtain
the test result.
The following table gives quick reference guidelines on dilutions of various
proportions. All dilutions are based on a 10 mL volume, so several dilutions will
require small volumes of the water sample. Graduated pipets should be used for
all dilutions.
Deionized Water to
Size of Sample
10 mL 0 mL 1
5 mL 5 mL 2
2.5 mL 7.5 mL 4
1 mL 9 mL 10
0.5 mL 9.5 mL 20
Bring Volume to 10 mL Multiplication Factor
If the above glassware is not available, dilutions can be made with the
colorimeter tube. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample then transfer
it to another container. Add 10 mL volumes of demineralized water to the
container and mix. Transfer back 10 mL of the diluted sample to the tube and
follow the test procedure. Continue diluting and testing until a reading, which
is in the concentration range for the test, is obtained. Be sure to multiply the
concentration found by the dilution factor (the number of total 10 mL volumes
used).
Example:
10 mL of sample is diluted with three 10 mL volumes of demineralized water;
the dilution factor is four.
SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10 17
INTERFERENCES
LaMotte reagent systems are designed to minimize most common interferences.
Each individual test instruction discusses interferences unique to that test. Be
aware of possible interferences in the water being tested.
The reagent systems also contain buffers to adjust the water sample to the ideal
pH for the reaction. It is possible that the buffer capacity of the water sample
may exceed the buffer capacity of the reagent system and the ideal pH will not
be obtained. If this is suspected, measure the pH of a reacted distilled water
reagent blank using a pH meter. This is the ideal pH for the test. Measure the pH
of a reacted water sample using the pH meter. If the pH is signifi cantly different
from the ideal value, the pH of the sample should be adjusted before testing.
Interferences due to high concentration of the substance being tested, can be
overcome by sample dilution (see page 16)
STRAY LIGHT INTERFERENCE
When scanning samples in 16 mm tubes, such as COD, the sample chamber
lid can not be closed. The COD adapter minimizes stray light. To further reduce
stray light interference, do not scan sample in direct sunlight.
18 SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10
OPERATION OF THE
SMART3 COLORIMETER
OVERVIEW
The SMART3 is a portable, microprocessor controlled, direct reading
colorimeter. It has a graphical liquid crystal display and 6 button keypad. These
allow the user to select options from the menu driven software, to directly read
test results or to review stored results of previous tests in the data logger. The
menus can be displayed in seven different languages.
The test library consists of over 80 LaMotte tests and 25 “User Tests”. The
LaMotte tests are precalibrated for LaMotte reagent systems.The colorimeter
displays the result of these tests directly in units of concentration. The 25 “User
Tests” may be used to enter additional calibrations. All of these tests may be
arranged in any of 3 sequences. These sequences can be modifi ed a limitless
number of times to meet changing testing needs.
The optics feature 4 different colored LEDs. Each LED has a corresponding
silicon photoiode with an integrated interference fi lter. The interference fi lters
select a narrow band of light from the corresponding LED for the colorimetric
measurements. The microporcessor automatically selects the correct LED/
photodiode combination for the test.
A USB wall adapter, USB computer connection or lithium battery powers the
SMART3.
A USB port on the back of the meter allows an interface of the meter with a
Windows-based computer for real-time data acquisition and data storage using
a PC. The SMART3 may be interfaced with any Windows-based computer by
using the LaMotte SMARTLink3 Program.
SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10 19
COMPONENTS
Figure 1 shows a diagram of the SMART3 Colorimeter and its components.
20 SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10
GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES
The operation of the SMART3 Colorimeter is controlled by a microprocessor.
The microprocessor is programmed with menu driven software. A menu is
a list of choices. This allows a selection of various tasks for the colorimeter
to perform, such as, scan blank, scan sample, and edit test sequences. The
keypad is used to make menu selections which are viewed in the display. There
are three selections accessible from the Main Menu: Testing Menu, Editing
Menu and Run PC Link.
THE KEYPAD
The keypad has 6 buttons which are used to perform specifi c tasks.
This button will scroll up through a list of menu selections.
ENTER
The button is used to select choices in a menu viewed in
the display.
This button controls the backlight on the display.
This button will scroll down through a list of menu
selections.
EXIT
This button exits to the previous menu.
This button turns the meter on or off.
ENTER
EXIT
SAMPLE HOLDERS
The sample chamber is designed for 25 mm round tubes. An adapter to hold 16
mm COD tubes and 1 cm square UDV cuvettes is included.
Position the COD/UDV Adapter (Code 1724) so that
the notches in the adapter fi t around the posts on
the chamber. Turn the adapter counterclockwise until
the arrows are at the top and bottom of the chamber
and the adapter is locked into place. Turn the adapter
clockwise to unlock the adapter and remove it from
the chamber.
SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10 21
THE DISPLAY & THE MENUS
The display allows menu selections to be viewed and selected. These selections
instruct the SMART3 to perform specifi c tasks. The menus are viewed in the
display using two general formats that are followed from one menu to the next.
Each menu is a list of choices or selections.
The display has a header line at the top and a footer line at the bottom. The
header displays the title of the current menu. The footer line displays the time
and the date, the data logger status and the battery status. The menu selection
window is in the middle of the display between the header and the footer.
The menu selection window displays information in two general formats. In the
fi rst format only menu selections are displayed. Up to 4 lines of menu selections
may be displayed. If more selections are available they can be viewed by
pressing the arrow buttons
the menu selection window. Think of the menu selections as a vertical list in
the display that moves up or down each time an arrow button is
pressed. Some menus in the SMART3 are looping menus. The top and bottom
menu choices are connected in a loop. Scrolling down past the bottom of the
menu will lead to the top of the menu. Scrolling up past the top of the menu will
lead to the bottom of the menu.
Main Window Selection First Choice
to scroll the other menu selections into
Header Menu Title
Second Choice
Third Choice
Another
Footer
12:00:00 001/500
And Another
And So On
A black bar will indicate the menu choice. As the menu is scrolled through, the
black bar will highlight different menu choices. Pressing the
ENTER
button will
select the menu choice that is indicated by the black bar.
In the second format the menu choice window takes advantage of the graphical
capabilities of the display. Large format graphic information, such as test results
or error messages or the LaMotte logo is displayed. The top two lines of the
display are used to display information in a large, easy to read format. The
menus work in the same way as previously described but two lines of the menu
are visible at the bottom of the display.
22 SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10
Header Menu Title
Message or Result Window
Result or
Message
Another
Main Window Selection And Another
Footer
12:00:00 001/500
And So On
Last Choice
As described previously, the
current menu and a return to the previous menu. This allows a rapid exit from an
inner menu to the main menu by repeatedly pushing the
at any time will turn the SMART3 off.
The display may show the following messages:
Battery Status
More choices are available and can be viewed by
scrolling up and/or down through the display.
Header Identifi es the current menu and information on units
and reagent systems if applicable.
Footer In the data logging mode the number of the data point
is displayed and the total number of data points in the
memory will be shown. The footer also shows current
time and battery status
EXIT
button allows an exit or escape from the
EXIT
button. Pushing
SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10 23
LOOPING MENUS
Long menus, such as All Tests, incorporate a looping feature which allows
the user to quickly reach the last choice in the menu from the fi rst choice. In
a looping menu the last choices in the menu are above the fi rst choice and
scrolling upward moves through the menu in reverse order. Scrolling downward
moves through the menu from fi rst choice to last but the menu starts over
following the last choice. So all menu choices can be reached by scrolling in
either direction. The diagrams below demonstrate a looping menu.
AND SO ON AND SO ON AND SO ON
: : : : : : : : :
: : : : : : : : :
THIRD TO LAST LAST CHOICE LAST CHOICE
SECOND TO LAST AND SO ON AND SO ON
LAST CHOICE : : : : : :
TESTING MENU TESTING MENU TESTING MENU
FIRST CHOICE : : : : : :
SECOND CHOICE THIRD TO LAST THIRD TO LAST
THIRD CHOICE SECOND TO LAST SECOND TO LAST
ANOTHER LAST CHOICE LAST CHOICE
12:00:00 001/500 12:00:00 001/500 12:00:00 001/500
AND ANOTHER FIRST CHOICE FIRST CHOICE
AND SO ON SECOND CHOICE SECOND CHOICE
: : : THIRD CHOICE THIRD CHOICE
: : : ANOTHER ANOTHER
LAST CHOICE AND ANOTHER AND ANOTHER
24 SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10
TESTING
TESTING MENU
The Testing Menu is used to run all LaMotte pre-programmed tests, User Tests
and Absorbance tests at one of four wavelengths. Testing from any of three
sequences can also be done.
1. Press and briefl y hold
to turn the meter on. The
LaMotte logo screen will
appear for about 3 seconds
and the Main Menu will
appear.
2. Press
ENTER
to select Testing
Menu.
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
Run PC Link
12:00:00 001/500
All Tests Menu
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
Main Menu
Testing Menu
Testing
3. Press or to scroll
to desired option. All Tests
contains all of the available
pre-programmed tests. The
three sequences have user
selected tests. Absorbance
has %T/ABS tests.
4. Press
ENTER
to select the
option.
All Tests Menu
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
001 Alkalinity UDV
Testing Menu
All Tests
002 Aluminum
003 Ammonia-N LRF
004 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10 25
TEST SEQUENCES
Sequence 1, Sequence 2, And Sequence 3 are alterable sequences. They may
be edited using the Editing Menu. Any of the LaMotte pre-programmed tests or
User Tests may be placed in these sequences in whatever testing order that is
preferred. Some examples of typical sequences are given below.
Testing
Sequence 1 Sequence 2 Sequence 3
015 Chlorine F UDV 002 Aluminum 003 Ammonia-N LRF
079 Phosphate HR 035 Cyanuric Acid 032 Cu UDV
009 Benzotriazole 053 Iron Phenanthro 064 Nitrate-N LR
076 pH UDV 055 Manganese LR 067 Nitrite-N LR
12:00:00 001/500 12:00:00 001/500 12:00:00 001/500
061 Molybdenum HR 064 Nitrate-N LR 074 pH PR
086 Silica HR 067 Nitrite-N LR 078 Phosphate LR
045 Hydrazine 077 Phenol 085 Silica LR
032 Cu UDV 078 Phosphate LR
051 Iron Bipyridyl 090 Sulfi de LR
These alterable sequences allow a series of tests to be setup that are run
frequently. The order of the individual tests in the sequence is determined by the
ENTER
user. After running a test, press
to select the next test in the sequence.
Continue this pattern until the entire sequence has been completed.
All Tests is a fi xed sequence containing the LaMotte pre-programmed tests, User
Tests, and Absorbance tests.
Modifi cation of the alterable sequences is accomplished through the Editing
Menu. This menu is explained in greater detail in Editing Menu (p. 35).
Pressing
EXIT
while in a sequence menu will escape back to the Testing Menu.
Pressing the at any time will turn the colorimeter off.
GENERAL TESTING PROCEDURES
The following are some step by step examples of how to run tests from the
Testing Menu. These test procedures are designed to be used with LaMotte
SMART Reagent Systems.
LaMotte Company continuously updates the list of pre-programmed tests as
the calibrations become available. Pre-programmed calibrations can be added
to the SMART3 Colorimeter in the fi eld. A Windows-based computer running a
Windows Operating System is required.
Call LaMotte Technical Services at 1-800-344-3100 (410-778-3100 outside the
USA) or email at tech@lamotte.com for a current list of available calibrations
and downloading instructions.
26 SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10
TESTING WITH LaMOTTE PRE-PROGRAMMED TESTS
1. Press and briefl y hold
to turn the meter on. The
LaMotte logo screen will
appear for about 3 seconds
and the Main Menu will
appear.
2. Press
ENTER
to select Testing
Menu.
3. Press
ENTER
to select All Tests
Menu.
Main Menu
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
Run PC Link
12:00:00 001/500
Testing Menu
All Test Menu
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
All Tests
001 Alkalinity UDV
002 Aluminum
003 Ammonia-N LRF
004 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
Testing
4. Press or to scroll
to the desired test.
001 Alkalinity UDV
All Tests
002 Aluminum
003 Ammonia-N LRF
004 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
5. Press
ENTER
to select the test.
002 Aluminum
Scan Bank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10 27
6. Insert the blank into the
chamber. Close the lid.Press
ENTER
to scan the blank. The
screen wil display Blank
Done for about 1 second and
then return to the Test Menu.
Testing
002 Aluminum
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
7. Insert the reacted sample
into the chamber. Close
the lid. Press
the sample. The screen will
display READING for about 1
second. The result will appear
on the screen.
8. To repeat the test, press
to scan the sample again. The
last blank scaned is used by
the colorimeter for repeated
scans. A different blank can
be used by pressing or
to scroll to Scan Blank
and then scanning another
blank. Scroll with or
and make another
selection with
or Absorbance of the last test
can be viewed by choosing
%T/Abs. Press
escape to previous menus.
NOTE: The menus loop in
this screen so either or
will lead to the menu
selection needed.
ENTER
ENTER
EXIT
to scan
. The %T
to
ENTER
002 Aluminum
1.00 ppm
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
002 Aluminum
1.00 ppm
Scan Bank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
28 SMART3 Colorimeter 11.10
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