SMART3 SOIL TEST PROCEDURES .................................................... 51
GENERAL INFORMATION
PACKAGING & DELIVERY
Experienced packaging personnel at LaMotte Company assure adequate
protection against normal hazards encountered in transportation of shipments.
After the product leaves the manufacturer, all responsibility for its safe delivery
is assured by the transportation company. Damage claims must be filed
immediately with the transportation company to receive compensation for
damaged goods.
Should it be necessary to return the instrument for repair or servicing, pack
instrument carefully in a suitable container with adequate packing material.
A return authorization number must be obtained from LaMotte Company by
calling 1-800-344-3100 or emailing tech@lamotte.com. Attach a letter with the
authorization number to the shipping carton which describes the kind of trouble
experienced. This valuable information will enable the service department to
make the required repairs more efficiently.
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Before attempting to set up or operate this instrument it is important to read the
instruction manual. Failure to do so could result in personal injury or damage to
the equipment.
The SMART3 Colorimeter should not be stored or used in a wet or corrosive
environment. Care should be taken to prevent water or reagent chemicals from
wet colorimeter tubes from entering the colorimeter chamber.
NEVER PUT WET TUBES IN COLORIMETER.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Read the labels on all LaMotte reagent containers prior to use. Some containers
include precautionary notices and first aid information. Certain reagents are
considered hazardous substances and are designated with a * in the instruction
manual. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) can be found at www.lamotte.
com. Read the MSDS before using these reagents. Additional emergency
information for all LaMotte reagents is available 24 hours a day from the Poison
Control Center listed in the front of the phone book or by contacting the 24
hour emergency line for ChemTel 1-800-255-3924 (USA, Canada, Puerto Rico);
locations outside the North American Continent 813-248-0585 (call collect). Be
prepared to supply the name and four-digit LaMotte code number found on the
container label or at the top of the MSDS or in the contents list of the procedure.
LaMotte reagents are registered with a computerized poison control information
system available to all local poison control centers.
Keep equipment and reagent chemicals out of the reach of young children.
4 SMART3 Soil 1.11
LIMITS OF LIABILITY
Under no circumstances shall LaMotte Company be liable for loss of life,
property, profits, or other damages incurred through the use or misuse of its
products.
WARRANTY
LaMotte Company warrants this instrument to be free of defects in parts and
workmanship for 2 years from the date of shipment. If it should become
necessary to return the instrument for service during or beyond the warranty
period, contact our Technical Service Department at 1-800-344-3100 or
tech@lamotte.com for a return authorization number or visit www.lamotte.
com for troubleshooting help. The sender is responsible for shipping charges,
freight, insurance and proper packaging to prevent damage in transit. This
warranty does not apply to defects resulting from action of the user such
as misuse, improper wiring, operation outside of specification, improper
maintenance or repair, or unauthorized modification. LaMotte Company
specifically disclaims any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for
a specific purpose and will not be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental or
consequential damages. LaMotte Company’s total liability is limited to repair
or replacement of the product. The warranty set forth above is inclusive and no
other warranty, whether written or oral, is expressed or implied.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 5
SPECIFICATIONS
INSTRUMENT TYPE: Colorimeter
Readout160 x 100 backlit LCD, 20 x 6 line graphical display
Wavelengths428 nm, 525 nm, 568 nm, 635 nm
Wavelength Accuracy±2% FS
Readable ResolutionDetermined by reagent system
Wavelength Bandwidth 10 nm typical
Photometric Range–2 to +2 AU
Photometric Precision± 0.001 AU at 1.0 AU
Photometric Accuracy±0.005 AU at 1.0 AU
Sample ChamberAccepts 25 mm diameter flat-bottomed test tubes, 10
mm square cuvettes, 16 mm COD test tubes
Light Sources4 LEDs
Detectors4 silicon photodiodes with integrated interference
filters
ModesPre-programmed tests, absorbance, %T
Pre-Programmed Tests YES, with automatic wavelength selection
User Defined TestsUp to 25 user tests can be input
Power RequirementsUSB wall adapter, USB computer connection or
lithium ion rechargeable battery
BatteryCharge Life: Approximately 380 tests with backlight
on to 1000 tests with backlight off. (Signal averaging
disabled).
Battery Life: Approximately 500 charges.
Electrical RatingsProvided on nameplate label
Data Logger500 test results stored for download to a PC
WaterproofIP67 with USB port plug in place
Dimensions (LxWxH)3.5 x 7.5 x 2.5 inches, 8.84 x 19.05 x 6.35 cm
Weight13 oz, 362 g (meter only)
6 SMART3 Soil 1.11
STATISTICAL & TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS RELATED TO
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
Method Detection Limit (MDL): “The method detection limit (MDL) is defined
as the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and
reported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than
zero and is determined from analysis of a sample in a given matrix containing
the analyte.”
when dealing with a limit of detection or limit of determination, the primary
purpose of determining that limit is to stay away from it.’”
1
Note that, “As Dr. William Horwitz once stated, ‘In almost all cases
2
Accuracy: Accuracy is the nearness of a measurement to the accepted or true
value.3 The accuracy can be expressed as a range, about the true value, in
which a measurement occurs (i.e. ±0.5 ppm). It can also be expressed as the
% recovery of a known amount of analyte in a determination of the analyte (i.e.
103.5 %).
Resolution: Resolution is the smallest discernible difference between any
two measurements that can be made.
4
For meters this is usually how many
decimal places are displayed. (i.e. 0.01). Note that the resolution many change
with concentration or range. In some cases the resolution may be less than the
smallest interval, if it is possible to make a reading that falls between calibration
marks. A word of caution, that resolution has very little relationship to accuracy
or precision. The resolution will always be less than the accuracy or precision
but it is not a statistical measure of how well a method of analysis works. The
resolution can be very, very good and the accuracy and precision can be very
bad! This is not a useful measure of the performance of a test method.
Repeatability: Repeatability is the within-run precision.
5
A run is a single data
set, from set up to clean up. Generally, one run occurs on one day. However,
for meter calibrations, a single calibration is considered a single run or data set,
even though it may take 2 or 3 days.
Reproducibility: Reproducibility is the between-run precision.
6
Detection Limit (DL): The detection limit (DL) for the 2020we/wi
is defined as the minimum value or concentration that can be determined by the
meter, which is greater than zero, independent of matrix, glassware, and other
sample handling sources of error. It is the detection limit for the optical system of
the meter.
1
CFR 40, part 136, appendix B
2
Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and L Vanatta,
American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 31.
3
Skoog, D.A., West, D. M., Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, 2nd ed., Holt
Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1969, p. 26.
4
Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and L Vanatta,
American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 34.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 7
5
Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s Textbook of
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th ed., Longman Scientific & Technical, 1989, p.
130.
6
Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s Textbook of
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5
th
ed., Longman Scientific & Technical, 1989, p.
130
CONTENTS AND ACCESSORIES
CONTENTS
SMART3 Colorimeter
Test Tubes, with Caps
COD/UDV Adapter
USB Wall Adapter
USB Cable
SMART3 Colorimeter Quick Start Guide
SMART3 Soil Manual and Handbooks
SMART3 Soil Reagent Systems and Accessories
ACCESSORIES
Test Tubes, with Caps Code 0290-6
USB Cable Code 1720
USB Wall Adapter Code 1721
COD/UDV Adapter Code 1724
Car Charger Code 5-0132
SMARTLink3 Program (CD) Code 1901-CD
8 SMART3 Soil 1.11
EPA COMPLIANCE
The SMART3 Colorimeter is an EPA-Accepted instrument. EPA-Accepted
means that the instrument meets the requirements for instrumentation as found
in test procedures that are approved for the National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations (NPDWR) or National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) compliance monitoring programs. EPA-Accepted instruments may be
used with approved test procedures without additional approval.
CE COMPLIANCE
The SMART3 Colorimeter has earned the European CE Mark of Compliance for
electromagnetic compatibility and safety. The Declaration of Conformity for the
SMART3 colorimeter is available at www.lamotte.com.
IP67 CERTIFICATION
The SMART3 meets IP67 standards for protection against dust and immersion
only when the USB port plug is in place. Documentation is available at www.
lamotte.com.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 9
CHEMICAL TESTING
AN INTRODUCTION TO COLORIMETRIC ANALYSIS
Most test substances in water are colorless and undetectable to the human
eye. To test for their presence we must find a way to “see” them. The SMART3
Colorimeter can be used to measure any test substance that is itself colored or
can be reacted to produce a color. In fact a simple definition of colorimetry is
“the measurement of color” and a colorimetric method is “any technique used
to evaluate an unknown color in reference to known colors”. In a colorimetric
chemical test the intensity of the color from the reaction must be proportional
to the concentration of the substance being tested. Some reactions have
limitations or variances inherent to them that may give misleading results. Many
such interferences are discussed with each particular test instruction. In the
most basic colorimetric method the reacted test sample is visually compared to
a known color standard. However, accurate and reproducible results are limited
by the eyesight of the analyst, inconsistencies in the light sources, and the
fading of color standards.
To avoid these sources of error, a colorimeter can be used to photoelectrically
measure the amount of colored light absorbed by a colored sample in reference
to a colorless sample (blank).
White light is made up of many different colors or wavelengths of light. A
colored sample typically absorbs only one color or one band of wavelengths
from the white light. Only a small difference would be measured between white
light before it passes through a colored sample versus after it passes through
a colored sample. The reason for this is that the one color absorbed by the
sample is only a small portion of the total amount of light passing through the
sample. However, if we could select only that one color or band of wavelengths
of light to which the test sample is most sensitive, we would see a large
difference between the light before it passes through the sample and after it
passes through the sample.
The SMART3 Colorimeter passes one of four colored light beams through
one of four optical filters which transmits only one particular color or band
of wavelengths of light to the photodectector where it is measured. The
difference in the amount of colored light transmitted by a colored sample is a
measurement of the amount of colored light absorbed by the sample. In most
colorimetric tests the amount of colored light absorbed is directly proportional
to the concentration of the test factor producing the color and the path length
through the sample. However, for some tests the amount of colored light
absorbed is inversely proportional to the concentration.
The choice of the correct wavelength for testing is important. It is interesting to
note that the wavelength that gives the most sensitivity (lower detection limit)
for a test factor is the complementary color of the test sample. For example the
Nitrate-Nitrogen test produces a pink color proportional to the nitrate-nitrogen
concentration in the sample (the greater the nitrate-nitrogen concentration, the
darker the pink color). A wavelength in the green region should be selected to
10 SMART3 Soil 1.11
analyze this sample since a pinkish-red solution absorbs mostly green light.
REAGENT BLANK
Some tests will provide greater accuracy if a reagent blank is determined to
compensate for any color or turbidity resulting from the reagents themselves. A
reagent blank is performed by running the test procedure on demineralized or
deionized water. Use sample water to SCAN BLANK. Insert the reacted reagent
blank in the colorimeter chamber and select SCAN SAMPLE. Note result of
reagent blank. Perform the tests on the sample water as described. Subtract
results of reagent blank from all subsequent test results. NOTE: Some tests
require a reagent blank to be used to SCAN BLANK.
COLORIMETER TUBES
Colorimeter tubes which have been scratched through excessive use should
be discarded and replaced with new ones. Dirty tubes should be cleaned on
both the inside and outside. Fingerprints on the exterior of the tubes can cause
excessive light scattering and result in errors. Handle the tubes carefully, making
sure the bottom half of the tube is not handled.
LaMotte Company makes every effort to provide high quality colorimeter tubes.
However, wall thicknesses and diameter of tubes may still vary slightly. This may
lead to slight variations in results (e.g. if a tube is turned while in the sample
chamber, the reading will likely change slightly). To eliminate this error put the
tubes into the sample chamber with the same orientation every time.
The tubes that are included with the colorimeter have an index mark to facilitate
this. If possible, use the same tube to SCAN BLANK and SCAN SAMPLE.
METER CARE
The optical system of the SMART3 must be kept clean and dry for optimal
performance. Dry the colorimeter tubes before placing them in the chamber to
avoid introducing moisture. For best results store the instrument in a area that is
dry and free from aggressive chemical vapors.
If a test result using the SMART3 Colorimeter gives an over range message
then the the sample must be diluted. The test should be repeated on the diluted
sample to obtain a reading which is in the concentration range for the test.
(Note: This is not true for colorimetric determination of pH.)
Example:
Measure 5 mL of the water sample into a graduated cylinder. Add
demineralized water until the cylinder is filled to the 10 mL line. The sample
has been diluted by one-half, and the dilution factor is therefore 2. Perform
the test procedure, then multiply the resulting concentration by 2 to obtain
the test result.
The following table gives quick reference guidelines on dilutions of various
proportions. All dilutions are based on a 10 mL volume, so several dilutions will
require small volumes of the water sample. Graduated pipets should be used for
all dilutions.
Deionized Water to
Size of Sample
10 mL0 mL1
5 mL5 mL2
2.5 mL7.5 mL4
1 mL9 mL10
0.5 mL9.5 mL20
Bring Volume to 10 mLMultiplication Factor
If the above glassware is not available, dilutions can be made with the
colorimeter tube. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample then transfer
it to another container. Add 10 mL volumes of demineralized water to the
container and mix. Transfer back 10 mL of the diluted sample to the tube and
follow the test procedure. Continue diluting and testing until a reading, which
is in the concentration range for the test, is obtained. Be sure to multiply the
concentration found by the dilution factor (the number of total 10 mL volumes
used).
Example:
10 mL of sample is diluted with three 10 mL volumes of demineralized water;
the dilution factor is four.
12 SMART3 Soil 1.11
INTERFERENCES
LaMotte reagent systems are designed to minimize most common interferences.
Each individual test instruction discusses interferences unique to that test. Be
aware of possible interferences in the water being tested.
The reagent systems also contain buffers to adjust the water sample to the ideal
pH for the reaction. It is possible that the buffer capacity of the water sample
may exceed the buffer capacity of the reagent system and the ideal pH will not
be obtained. If this is suspected, measure the pH of a reacted distilled water
reagent blank using a pH meter. This is the ideal pH for the test. Measure the pH
of a reacted water sample using the pH meter. If the pH is significantly different
from the ideal value, the pH of the sample should be adjusted before testing.
Interferences due to high concentration of the substance being tested, can be
overcome by sample dilution (see page 16)
STRAY LIGHT INTERFERENCE
When scanning samples in 16 mm tubes, such as COD, the sample chamber
lid can not be closed. The COD adapter minimizes stray light. To further reduce
stray light interference, do not scan sample in direct sunlight.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 13
OPERATION OF THE
SMART3 COLORIMETER
OVERVIEW
The SMART3 is a portable, microprocessor controlled, direct reading
colorimeter. It has a graphical liquid crystal display and 6 button keypad. These
allow the user to select options from the menu driven software, to directly read
test results or to review stored results of previous tests in the data logger. The
menus can be displayed in seven different languages.
The test library consists of over 80 LaMotte tests and 25 “User Tests”. The
LaMotte tests are precalibrated for LaMotte reagent systems.The colorimeter
displays the result of these tests directly in units of concentration. The 25 “User
Tests” may be used to enter additional calibrations. All of these tests may be
arranged in any of 3 sequences. These sequences can be modified a limitless
number of times to meet changing testing needs.
The optics feature 4 different colored LEDs. Each LED has a corresponding
silicon photoiode with an integrated interference filter. The interference filters
select a narrow band of light from the corresponding LED for the colorimetric
measurements. The microporcessor automatically selects the correct LED/
photodiode combination for the test.
A USB wall adapter, USB computer connection or lithium battery powers the
SMART3.
A USB port on the back of the meter allows an interface of the meter with a
Windows-based computer for real-time data acquisition and data storage using
a PC. The SMART3 may be interfaced with any Windows-based computer by
using the LaMotte SMARTLink3 Program.
14 SMART3 Soil 1.11
COMPONENTS
Figure 1 shows a diagram of the SMART3 Colorimeter and its components.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 15
GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES
The operation of the SMART3 Colorimeter is controlled by a microprocessor.
The microprocessor is programmed with menu driven software. A menu is
a list of choices. This allows a selection of various tasks for the colorimeter
to perform, such as, scan blank, scan sample, and edit test sequences. The
keypad is used to make menu selections which are viewed in the display. There
are three selections accessible from the Main Menu: Testing Menu, Editing
Menu and Run PC Link.
THE KEYPAD
The keypad has 6 buttons which are used to perform specific tasks.
This button will scroll up through a list of menu selections.
ENTER
The button is used to select choices in a menu viewed in
the display.
This button controls the backlight on the display.
This button will scroll down through a list of menu
selections.
EXIT
This button exits to the previous menu.
This button turns the meter on or off.
ENTER
EXIT
SAMPLE HOLDERS
The sample chamber is designed for 25 mm round
tubes. An adapter to hold 16 mm COD tubes and 1 cm
square UDV cuvettes is included.
Position the COD/UDV Adapter (Code 1724) so that
the notches in the adapter fit around the posts on
the chamber. Turn the adapter counterclockwise until
the arrows are at the top and bottom of the chamber
and the adapter is locked into place. Turn the adapter
clockwise to unlock the adapter and remove it from the chamber.
16 SMART3 Soil 1.11
THE DISPLAY & THE MENUS
The display allows menu selections to be viewed and selected. These selections
instruct the SMART3 to perform specific tasks. The menus are viewed in the
display using two general formats that are followed from one menu to the next.
Each menu is a list of choices or selections.
The display has a header line at the top and a footer line at the bottom. The
header displays the title of the current menu. The footer line displays the time
and the date, the data logger status and the battery status. The menu selection
window is in the middle of the display between the header and the footer.
The menu selection window displays information in two general formats. In the
first format only menu selections are displayed. Up to 4 lines of menu selections
may be displayed. If more selections are available they can be viewed by
pressing the arrow buttons
the menu selection window. Think of the menu selections as a vertical list in
the display that moves up or down each time an arrow button is
pressed. Some menus in the SMART3 are looping menus. The top and bottom
menu choices are connected in a loop. Scrolling down past the bottom of the
menu will lead to the top of the menu. Scrolling up past the top of the menu will
lead to the bottom of the menu.
Main Window Selection First Choice
to scroll the other menu selections into
HeaderMenu Title
Second Choice
Third Choice
Another
Footer
12:00:00 001/500
And Another
And So On
A black bar will indicate the menu choice. As the menu is scrolled through, the
black bar will highlight different menu choices. Pressing the
ENTER
button will
select the menu choice that is indicated by the black bar.
In the second format the menu choice window takes advantage of the graphical
capabilities of the display. Large format graphic information, such as test results
or error messages or the LaMotte logo is displayed. The top two lines of the
display are used to display information in a large, easy to read format. The
menus work in the same way as previously described but two lines of the menu
are visible at the bottom of the display.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 17
HeaderMenu Title
Message or Result Window
Result or
Message
Another
Main Window Selection And Another
Footer
12:00:00 001/500
And So On
Last Choice
As described previously, the
current menu and a return to the previous menu. This allows a rapid exit from an
inner menu to the main menu by repeatedly pushing the
at any time will turn the SMART3 off.
The display may show the following messages:
Battery Status
More choices are available and can be viewed by
scrolling up and/or down through the display.
HeaderIdentifies the current menu and information on units
and reagent systems if applicable.
FooterIn the data logging mode the number of the data point
is displayed and the total number of data points in the
memory will be shown. The footer also shows current
time and battery status
EXIT
button allows an exit or escape from the
EXIT
button. Pushing
18 SMART3 Soil 1.11
LOOPING MENUS
Long menus, such as All Tests, incorporate a looping feature which allows
the user to quickly reach the last choice in the menu from the first choice. In
a looping menu the last choices in the menu are above the first choice and
scrolling upward moves through the menu in reverse order. Scrolling downward
moves through the menu from first choice to last but the menu starts over
following the last choice. So all menu choices can be reached by scrolling in
either direction. The diagrams below demonstrate a looping menu.
The Testing Menu is used to run all LaMotte pre-programmed tests, User Tests
and Absorbance tests at one of four wavelengths. Testing from any of three
sequences can also be done.
Testing
Press and briefly hold 1.
to turn the meter on. The
LaMotte logo screen will
appear for about 3 seconds
and the Main Menu will
appear.
ENTER
Press 2.
to select Testing
Menu.
Press 3. or to scroll
to desired option. All Tests
contains all of the available
pre-programmed tests. The
three sequences have user
selected tests. Absorbance
has %T/ABS tests.
Main Menu
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
Run PC Link
12:00:00 001/500
Testing Menu
All Tests Menu
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
Testing Menu
All Tests Menu
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
Press 4.
option.
ENTER
to select the
001 Alkalinity UDV
All Tests
002 Aluminum
003 Ammonia-N LRF
004 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
20 SMART3 Soil 1.11
TEST SEQUENCES
Sequence 1, Sequence 2, And Sequence 3 are alterable sequences. They may
be edited using the Editing Menu. Any of the LaMotte pre-programmed tests or
User Tests may be placed in these sequences in whatever testing order that is
preferred. Some examples of typical sequences are given below.
Sequence 1Sequence 2Sequence 3
015 Chlorine F UDV002 Aluminum003 Ammonia-N LRF
079 Phosphate HR035 Cyanuric Acid032 Cu UDV
009 Benzotriazole053 Iron Phenanthro064 Nitrate-N LR
These alterable sequences allow a series of tests to be setup that are run
frequently. The order of the individual tests in the sequence is determined by the
user. After running a test, press
Continue this pattern until the entire sequence has been completed.
ENTER
to select the next test in the sequence.
Testing
All Tests is a fixed sequence containing the LaMotte pre-programmed tests, User
Tests, and Absorbance tests.
Modification of the alterable sequences is accomplished through the Editing
Menu. This menu is explained in greater detail in Editing Menu (p. 35).
Pressing
Pressing
EXIT
while in a sequence menu will escape back to the Testing Menu.
the at any time will turn the colorimeter off.
GENERAL TESTING PROCEDURES
The following are some step by step examples of how to run tests from the
Testing Menu. These test procedures are designed to be used with LaMotte
SMART Reagent Systems.
LaMotte Company continuously updates the list of pre-programmed tests as
the calibrations become available. Pre-programmed calibrations can be added
to the SMART3 Colorimeter in the field. A Windows-based computer running a
Windows Operating System is required.
Call LaMotte Technical Services at 1-800-344-3100 (410-778-3100 outside the
USA) or email at tech@lamotte.com for a current list of available calibrations
and downloading instructions.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 21
TESTING WITH LaMOTTE PRE-PROGRAMMED TESTS
Press and briefly hold 1.
to turn the meter on. The
LaMotte logo screen will
appear for about 3 seconds
Testing
and the Main Menu will
appear.
ENTER
Press 2.
to select Testing
Menu.
ENTER
Press 3.
to select All Tests
Menu.
Main Menu
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
Run PC Link
12:00:00 001/500
Testing Menu
All Test Menu
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
All Tests
001 Alkalinity UDV
002 Aluminum
003 Ammonia-N LRF
004 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
Press 4. or to scroll
to the desired test.
001 Alkalinity UDV
All Tests
002 Aluminum
003 Ammonia-N LRF
004 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
ENTER
Press 5.
to select the test.
002 Aluminum
Scan Bank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
22 SMART3 Soil 1.11
Insert the blank into the 6.
chamber. Close the lid.Press
ENTER
to scan the blank. The
screen wil display Blank Done for about 1 second and
then return to the Test Menu.
002 Aluminum
Testing
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
Insert the reacted sample 7.
into the chamber. Close
the lid. Press
the sample. The screen will
display READING for about 1
second. The result will appear
on the screen.
To repeat the test, press 8.
to scan the sample again. The
last blank scaned is used by
the colorimeter for repeated
scans. A different blank can
be used by pressing
to scroll to Scan Blank
and then scanning another
blank. Scroll with or
and make another
selection with
or Absorbance of the last test
can be viewed by choosing
%T/Abs. Press
escape to previous menus.
NOTE: The menus loop in
this screen so either
will lead to the menu
selection needed.
ENTER
ENTER
EXIT
to scan
ENTER
or
. The %T
to
or
002 Aluminum
1.00 ppm
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
002 Aluminum
1.00 ppm
Scan Bank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
SMART3 Soil 1.11 23
CALIBRATING LaMOTTE PRE-PROGRAMMED TESTS
The LaMotte Pre-Programmed Tests have been pre-calibrated. Recalibration of
the pre-programmed tests by the user is not possible. However, a procedure
to standardize the calibration can be performed to obtain the most accurate
readings or to meet regulatory requirements.
The LaMotte Pre-Programmed tests are standardized with one standard
Testing
solution. To standardize over the full range of the test, the concentration of
the standard should be chosen from the high end of the range. Alternatively, if
samples do not cover the full range of the test, a standard should be chosen
that is close to the concentration of the samples.
For the SMART3 Soil colorimeter, the standard should be prepared in distilled
or deionized water for the range of the reagent system before the multiplication
factor has been applied to the reading on the display. The following standards
are recommended to standardize over the full range of the tests:
Ammonia Nitrogen 3.00 ppm Ammonia Nitrogen
Copper4.00 ppm Copper
Iron 4.00 ppm Iron
Manganese 11.00 ppm Manganese
Nitrate Nitrogen2.00 ppm Nitrate Nitrogen
Nitrite Nitrogen0.60 ppm Nitrite Nitrogen
Phosphorus2.00 ppm Phosphate
Potassium 7.00 ppm Potassium
Sulfur 75 ppm Sulfate
Zinc 2.00 ppm Zinc
The standardization procedure should be followed as often as required by
regulations and laws for compliance monitoring.
In the example below, the Aluminum calibration will be standardized.
Prepare a standard solution to be tested. In this example, 0.30 ppm aluminum.
24 SMART3 Soil 1.11
Press and briefly hold 1.
to turn the meter on. The
LaMotte logo screen will
appear for about 3 seconds
and the Main Menu will
appear.
Main Menu
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
Run PC LINK
12:00:00 001/500
Testing
Press 2.
ENTER
to select Testing
Menu.
Press 3.
ENTER
to select All Tests
Menu.
Press 4. or to scroll
to the desired test factor.
Testing Menu
All Test Menu
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
All Tests
001 Alkalinity UDV
002 Aluminum
003 Ammonia-N LRF
004 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
All Tests
001 Alkalinity UDV
002 Aluminum
003 Ammonia-N LRF
004 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
Press 5.
ENTER
to select the test.
002 Aluminum
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
SMART3 Soil 1.11 25
Follow the test procedure 6.
in the manual to test the
prepared standard. Insert the
blank into the chamber. Close
the lid. Press
the blank. The screen will
Testing
display Blank Done for about
1 second and then return to
the Test Menu.
ENTER
to scan
002 Aluminum
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
Insert the reacted standard 7.
solution into the chamber.
Close the lid. Press
scan the sample. The screen
will display Reading for about
1 second. The result will
appear on the screen.
The displayed result can now 8.
be standardized. Press
or to scroll to calibrate.
ENTER
Press 9.
Calibrate. A reverse font
(dark background with light
characters) will appear to
indicate that the reading can
be adjusted.
to select
ENTER
to
002 Aluminum
0.28 ppm
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
002 Aluminum
0.28 ppm
%T/Abs
Calibrate
12:00:00 001/500
002 Aluminum
0.28 ppm
%T/Abs
Calibrate
12:00:00 001/500
26 SMART3 Soil 1.11
Press 10. or to scroll
to the concentration of the
prepared standard, 0.30 in
this example.
NOTE: A maximum
adjustment of 10% is possible.
If an adjustment of over 10%
is attempted, Overrange will
be displayed.
002 Aluminum
0.30 ppm
%T/Abs
Calibrate
12:00:00 001/500
Testing
Press 11.
Calibrate. Two menu choices
will be offered, set calibration
and factory setting.
Press 12.
Calibration and save the
calibration. Or press
to scroll to Factory Setting.
Press
Setting to revert to the factory
calibration. The screen will
display Storing... for about
1 second and the test menu
will appear. The calibration
has now been standardized
and the meter can be used for
testing. The standardization
can be removed by repeating
the calibration and selecting
Factory Setting.
ENTER
to select
ENTER
to select Set
ENTER
to select Factory
002 Aluminum
0.30 ppm
Set Calibration
Factory Setting
12:00:00 001/500
002 Aluminum
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
SMART3 Soil 1.11 27
EDITING MENU
The Editing Menu allows the user to edit sequences, edit user tests, set the
clock, edit the logging function, access factory setting, set the power saving
function, set the backlight time, and select a language.
The default factory settings are:
Date FormatMM-DD-YYYY
LoggingEnabled
Power Save5 minutes
Backlight10 seconds
LanguageEnglish
EDITING A SEQUENCE
The Edit Sequence menu allows three alterable test sequences (Sequence 1,
Sequence 2, Sequence 3) to be edited.
Editing/Set Up
Press and briefly hold 1.
to turn the meter on. The
LaMotte logo screen will
appear for about 3 seconds
and the Main Menu will
appear.
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
Run PC Link
12:00:00 001/500
Main Menu
Press 2. or to scroll
to the Editing Menu.
Testing Menu
Main Menu
Editing Menu
Run PC Link
12:00:00 001/500
Press 3.
Menu.
ENTER
to select Editing
Edit Sequences
Editing Menu
Edit User Test
Set Clock
Logging
12:00:00 001/500
28 SMART3 Soil 1.11
Press 4.
ENTER
Sequences.
to select Edit
Edit Sequences
Edit Sequence 1
Edit Sequence 2
Edit Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
Press 5. or to scroll
to the desired sequence.
Press 6.
ENTER
to select the
sequence to be edited.
Edit Sequences
Edit Sequence 1
Edit Sequence 2
Edit Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
EDIT SEQUENCE 2
015 Chlorine F UDV
079 Phosphate HR
009 Benzotriazole
076 pH UDV
12:00:00 001/500
Editing/Set Up
SMART3 Soil 1.11 29
ADDING OR DELETING A TEST
There are three ways to alter a sequence: Insert Before, Insert After, and Delete.
Insert Before adds a new test to the sequence before the selected test. Insert
After adds a new test to the sequence after the selected test. Delete is used to
remove an existing test from a sequence.
ADDING A TEST
Below is a step-by-step example of how to add a test to SEQUENCE 2 starting
from the EDIT SEQUENCE 2 menu.
To add a test before or after 1.
an existing test, press
or
to scroll to the
existing test.
Editing/Set Up
ENTER
Press 2.
to select the
existing test.
Press 3. or to scroll
to Insert Before or Insert After.
EDIT SEQUENCE 2
015 Chlorine F UDV
079 Phosphate HR
009 Benzotriazole
076 pH UDV
12:00:00 001/500
Add or Delete
Insert Before
Insert After
Delete
12:00:00 001/500
Add or Delete
Insert Before
Insert After
Delete
12:00:00 001/500
ENTER
Press 4.
to select the
option, Insert Before, in this
example. The All Test Menu
will appear.
001 Alkalinity
002 Aluminum
003 Ammonia-N LRF
All Tests
004 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
30 SMART3 Soil 1.11
Press 5. or to scroll
to the test that will be added
to the sequence. In this
example, Aluminum.
All Tests
001 Alkalinity UDV
002 Aluminum
003 Ammonia-N LRF
004 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
Press 6.
ENTER
to select the test.
The sequence will appear in
the Edit Sequence menu and
the new test will be added to
the sequence. All changes
in the sequence will be
automatically saved.
Press 7.
EXIT
to exit the Edit
Sequence menu and return
to the Editing Menu.
Press 8.
ENTER
to select Edit
Sequences to continue
editing the sequences or
press
EXIT
to return to the
Main Menu.
EDIT SEQUENCE 2
015 Chlorine F UDV
079 Phosphate HR
002 Aluminum
009 Benzotriazole
12:00:00 001/500
Editing Menu
Edit Sequences
Edit User Test
Set Clock
Logging
12:00:00 001/500
Main Menu
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
Run PC Link
Editing/Set Up
12:00:00 001/500
SMART3 Soil 1.11 31
DELETING A TEST
Below is a step-by-step example of how to delete a test in SEQUENCE 2 starting
from the EDIT SEQUENCE 2 menu.
To delete a test, press 1.
or to scroll to the test in
the sequence.
ENTER
Press 2.
Editing/Set Up
to select the test.
Press 3. or to scroll
to Delete.
EDIT SEQUENCE 2
015 Chlorine F UDV
079 Phosphate HR
002 Aluminum
009 Benzotriazole
12:00:00 001/500
Add or Delete
Insert Before
Insert After
Delete
12:00:00 001/500
Add or Delete
Insert Before
Insert After
Delete
12:00:00 001/500
ENTER
Press 4.
to select Delete.
The sequence will appear
in the EDIT SEQUENCE
menu and the selected test
will have been deleted. All
015 Chlorine F UDV
079 Phosphate HR
002 Aluminum
EDIT SEQUENCE 2
changes to the sequence
will automatically have been
saved.
32 SMART3 Soil 1.11
12:00:00 001/500
Press 5.
EXIT
to exit the Edit
Sequence menu and return
to the Editing Menu.
Editing Menu
Edit Sequences
Edit User Test
Set Clock
Logging
12:00:00 001/500
Press 6.
ENTER
to select Edit
Sequences to continue
editing the sequences or
press
EXIT
to return to the
Main Menu.
Main Menu
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
Run PC Link
12:00:00 001/500
Editing/Set Up
SMART3 Soil 1.11 33
CREATING A SOIL TEST SEQUENCE
To create a soil testing sequence specifically for the reagent systems in
this SMART3 Soil Manual follow the step by step procedure below. The test
sequence currently in the meter will be cleared and then the soil tests will be
added to Sequence 1. Tests in the soil sequence will be arranged in the order in
which they appear in the manual.
005 Ammonia-N HR
031 Cu Thiocarbamate
051 Iron Bipyridyl
056 Manganese HR
064 Nitrate-N LR
067 Nitrite-N LR
078 Phosphate LR
083 Potassium
089 Sulfate HR
099 Zinc LR
Editing/Set Up
Press and briefly hold 1.
to turn the meter on. The
LaMotte logo screen will
appear for about 3 seconds
and the Main Menu will
appear.
Press 2. or to scroll
to the Editing Menu.
ENTER
Press 3.
to select Editing Menu.
Main Menu
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
Run PC Link
12:00:00 001/500
Main Menu
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
Run PC Link
12:00:00 001/500
Editing Menu
Edit Sequences
Edit User Test
Set Clock
Logging
12:00:00 001/500
34 SMART3 Soil 1.11
Press 4.
ENTER
Sequences.
to select Edit
Edit Sequences
Edit Sequence 1
Edit Sequence 2
Edit Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
Press 5. or to scroll
to the desired sequence. In
this exmple, Sequence 1.
Press 6.
ENTER
to select the
sequence to be edited.
Press 7.
ENTER
to select the test
to be edited. In this example,
015 Chlorine F UDV.
Edit Sequences
Edit Sequence 1
Edit Sequence 2
Edit Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
EDIT SEQUENCE 1
015 Chlorine F UDV
079 Phosphate HR
009 Benzotriazole
076 pH UDV
12:00:00 001/500
Add or Delete
Insert Before
Insert After
Delete
Editing/Set Up
12:00:00 001/500
Press 8. or to scroll
to Delete.
Insert Before
Add or Delete
Insert After
Delete
12:00:00 001/500
SMART3 Soil 1.11 35
ENTER
Press 9.
to select Delete.
EDIT SEQUENCE 1
079 Phosphate HR
009 Benzotriazole
076 pH UDV
061 Molybdenum HR
12:00:00 001/500
Press 10. or and
ENTER
to select the next test
to be edited. In this example,
079 Phosphate HR.
Editing/Set Up
Press 11. or to scroll
to Delete.
ENTER
Press 12.
to select Delete.
Repeat the procedure to
delete all of the tests in the
series.
Add or Delete
Insert Before
Insert After
Delete
12:00:00 001/500
Add or Delete
Insert Before
Insert After
Delete
12:00:00 001/500
Add or Delete
Add Test to Sequence
<Enter> to continue
12:00:00 001/500
ENTER
Press 13.
to begin adding
tests to the sequence.
001 Alkalinity UDV
Add or Delete
002 Aluminum
003 Ammonia-N LRF
004 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
36 SMART3 Soil 1.11
Press 14. or to scroll
to the first test to be added
to the sequence. In this
example, 005 Ammonia-N
HR because the tests will be
added in the order that they
appear in the manual.
Add or Delete
002 Aluminum
003 Ammonia-N LRF
004 Ammonia-N LRS
005 Ammonia-N HR
12:00:00 001/500
Press 15.
Press 16.
ENTER
to select the test.
ENTER
to select Edit
Sequences.
Press 17.
ENTER
to select Edit
Sequence 1. The sequence
will appear and the first test
will have been added.
Editing Menu
Edit Sequences
Edit User Test
Set Clock
Logging
12:00:00 001/500
Edit Sequences
Edit Sequence 1
Edit Sequence 2
Edit Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
EDIT SEQUENCE 1
005 Ammonia-N HR
Editing/Set Up
12:00:00 001/500
Press 18.
sequence and prepare to add
another test. Press
SMART3 Soil 1.11 37
ENTER
to save the
or
to scroll to Insert After.
Insert Before
Insert After
Delete
12:00:00 001/500
Add or Delete
ENTER
Press 19.
After. Press
to select Insert
or
to scroll to the next test to be
added. In this example, 031
Cu Thiocarbamate.
Add or Delete
028 Cu BCA Tablet
029
030 Cu Cuprizone
031 Cu Thiocarbamate
12:00:00 001/500
ENTER
Press 20.
to select the test
to be added.
Editing/Set Up
Press 21. to scroll to the
last test in the sequence.
In this example, 031 Cu
Thiocarbamate.
ENTER
Press 22.
to save the
sequence. Press or
to scroll to Insert After.
EDIT SEQUENCE 1
005 Ammonia-N HR
031 Cu Thiocarbamate
12:00:00 001/500
EDIT SEQUENCE 1
005 Ammonia-N HR
031 Cu Thiocarbamate
12:00:00 001/500
Add or Delete
Insert Before
Insert After
Delete
12:00:00 001/500
ENTER
Press 23.
to select Insert After. Repeat the procedure
to add the remaining tests to
the sequence.
078 Phosphate LR
083 Potassium
089 Sulfate HR
EDIT SEQUENCE 1
099 Zinc LR
12:00:00 001/500
38 SMART3 Soil 1.11
Press 24.
EXIT
to escape the
Editing Menu.
Editing Menu
Edit Sequence
Edit User Test
Set Clock
Logging
12:00:00 001/500
Press 25.
EXIT
to escape to the
Main Menu. Press or
to scroll to the Testing
Menu.
Press 26.
ENTER
to select Testing
Menu. Press or
to scroll to Sequence 1 to
begin testing.
Main Menu
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
Run PC Link
12:00:00 001/500
Testing Menu
All Test Menu
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
Editing/Set Up
SMART3 Soil 1.11 39
SETTING THE CLOCK
Setting the clock allows the correct time and date stamp to be stored with each
reading in the data logger.
From the 1. Editing Menu, press
or to scroll to Set
Clock.
ENTER
Press 2.
to select
Set Clock. The date is
displayed as month-dayyear. The time is displayed
as hours:minutes:seconds
Editing/Set Up
AM/PM. Press
to scroll to the appropriate
character. Press
select the character. The
curser will move to the next
character. Set all characters
in the same manner. The
character menu is a scrolling
menu.
or
ENTER
to
Editing Menu
Edit Sequences
Edit User Test
Set Clock
Logging
12:00:00 001/500
Set Time
Date: MM-DD-YYYY
Time: HH-MM-SS AM/PM
12:00:00 001/500
ENTER
Press 3.
to select the final
character. The time and date
will be saved and the meter
will return to the Edit Test
menu.
Edit Sequences
Edit User Test
Set Clock
Editing Menu
Logging
12:00:00 001/500
40 SMART3 Soil 1.11
LOGGING DATA
The default setting for the data logger is enabled. The meter will log the last 500
data points. The counter in the center bottom of the display will show how many
data points have been logged. The display will show 500+ when the data logger
has exceeded 500 points and the data points are being overwritten.
From the 1. Editing Menu, press
or to scroll to
Logging.
Press 2.
ENTER
to select
Logging.
Press 3. or to scroll
to desired function.
Editing Menu
Edit Sequence
Edit User Test
Set Clock
Logging
12:00:00 001/500
Logging
Display Test Log
Enable Logging
Disable Logging
Erase Log
12:00:00 001/500
Logging
Display Test Log
Enable Logging
Disable Logging
Erase Log
Editing/Set Up
12:00:00 001/500
Press 4.
ENTER
. The screen will
display Storing... for about
1 second and return to the
Logging menu.
Display Test Log
Enable Logging
Disable Logging
Logging
Erase Log
12:00:00 001/500
SMART3 Soil 1.11 41
Press5.
EXIT
to return to the
Editing Menu.
Edit Sequence
Editing Menu
Edit User Test
Set Clock
Logging
12:00:00 001/500
FACTORY SETUP
The Factory Setup menu is used in manufacturing of the SMART3 Colorimeter.
This menu is not for use by the operator in the field.
SETTING POWER SAVE
The power saving Auto Shutoff feature will turn the meter off when a button has
not been pushed for a set amount of time. The default setting is disabled. To
change the setting:
Editing/Set Up
From the 1. Editing Menu, press
or to scroll to Set
PWR Save.
Set Clock
Logging
Factory Setup
Set PWR Save
Editing Menu
12:00:00 001/500
ENTER
Press 2.
PWR Save.
to select Set
Disable
Auto Shutoff
5 Minutes
15 Minutes
30 Minutes
12:00:00 001/500
Press 3. or to scroll
to desired function.
Disable
Auto Shutoff
5 Minutes
15 Minutes
30 Minutes
12:00:00 001/500
42 SMART3 Soil 1.11
Press 4.
ENTER
. The screen will
display Storing... for about
1 second and the meter will
return to the Editing Menu.
Set Clock
Logging
Factory Setup
Editing Menu
Set PWR Save
12:00:00 001/500
SETTING THE BACKLIGHT TIME
The backlight illuminates the display for enhanced viewing. The default setting is
10 seconds. If Button Control is chosen the backlight button on the key pad will
act as an on/off switch and the backlight will remain on or off when the meter is
being used. When one of the other settings – 10, 20 or 30 seconds – is chosen,
the display will be illuminated for the specified amount of time after any button is
pressed.
NOTE: The backlight feature uses a significant amount of power. The longer the
backlight is on, the more frequently the battery will have to be charged if the
USB/Wall Adapter is not being used.
Editing/Set Up
From the 1. Editing Menu, press
or to scroll to
Backlight Time.
Press 2.
ENTER
to select Set
Backlight Time.
Editing Menu
Logging
Factory Setup
Set PWR Save
Set Backlight Time
12:00:00 001/500
Backlight Time
Button Control
10 seconds
20 seconds
30 seconds
12:00:00 001/500
SMART3 Soil 1.11 43
Press 3. or to scroll
to desired option.
Backlight Time
Button Control
10 seconds
20 seconds
30 seconds
12:00:00 001/500
ENTER
Press 4.
. The screen will
display Storing... for about
1 second and the meter will
return to the Editing Menu.
Logging
Factory Setup
Set PWR Save
Editing Menu
Set Backlight Time
12:00:00 001/500
Editing/Set Up
SELECTING A LANGUAGE
There are seven languages available in the SMART3: English, Spanish, French,
Portuguese, Italian, Chinese, and Japanese.
From the 1. Editing Menu, press
or to scroll to
Select Language.
ENTER
Press 2.
to select Select Language.
Factory Setup
Set PWR Save
Set Backlight Time
Select Language
12:00:00 001/500
English
Spanish
French
Portugese
Editing Menu
Select Language
12:00:00 001/500
44 SMART3 Soil 1.11
Press 3. or to scroll
to desired language.
Select Language
English
Spanish
French
Portugese
12:00:00 001/500
Press 4.
ENTER
. The screen will
display Storing... for about
1 second and the meter will
return to the Editing Menu.
Factory Setup
Set PWR Save
Set Backlight Time
Editing Menu
Select Language
12:00:00 001/500
NOTE: If meter unintentionally switches to another language, use the procedure
above to reset the meter to the desired language. For example, to reset the
meter to English:
Turn meter on.1.
Press 2.
one time. Press
Press 3. seven times. Press
Press 4.
ENTER
.
ENTER
.
ENTER
.
Editing/Set Up
SMART3 Soil 1.11 45
COMPUTER CONNECTION
PC LINK
The SMART3 may be interfaced with any Windows-based computer by using
the LaMotte SMARTLink 3 Program and USB Cable. The program will store
test information and results in a database. To transfer data from the meter to a
computer, plug the smaller end of the USB cable (USB mini B connector) into
the meter and the larger end of the USB cable (USB Type A connector) into a
USB port on a computer. The SMART3 will send the following data: test name,
wavelength, concentration, transmittance, absorbance, sample, blank, time of
test, and date of test.
OUTPUT
USB
COMPUTER CONNECTION
USB Type A, USB mini B, Order Cable Code 1720.
Editing/Set Up
SMARTLINK3
SmartLink3 records the above data and appends a test ID# which uniquely
identifies the test in the database, the serial number of the meter, and a site
ID# which can be used to associate the test record with a site or customer via
the SmartLink3 program. It also stores a “test number” which is useful for the
SMART3.
46 SMART3 Soil 1.11
BATTERY
BATTERY/AC OPERATION
The SMART3 may be operated on battery power or using a USB wall adapter or
USB computer connection. If using the meter as a bench top unit, use the wall
adapter if possible to extend the battery life. The meter will remain on when the
USB adapter is used.
To charge the battery with the wall adapter, plug the smaller end of the USB
cable (USB mini B connector) into the meter and the larger end of the USB
cable (USB Type A connector) into the wall adapter. Plug the wall adapter into
an AC outlet. Reinsert the USB port plug after charging.
To charge the battery from a computer, plug the smaller end of the USB cable
(USB mini B connector) into the meter and the larger end of the USB cable (USB
Type A connector) into a USB port on a computer. Reinsert the USB port plug
after charging.
The battery icon will show no bars and flash when the unit first turns on. Then
the indicator will indicate the battery status by showing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 bars.
It will take 5 hours to fully charge a low battery. The battery icon will flash when
the battery is charging. The battery icon will show four bars and stop flashing
when it is fully charged. The charging circuit will automatically switch to a float
charge when the battery is fully charged. The charger may remain connected.
Some computers will NOT supply power to their USB ports during standby
operation. The wall adapter will charge the unit continuously.
The battery icon will show no bars and continuously flash if the battery is getting
low but the unit will still operate normally. A “Low Battery” message on the
status bar of the display will replace the time when the battery voltage is too
low for proper operation and accuracy may be degraded. A “Shutdown Low
Batt” message on the display will appear for a few seconds before the power is
switched off when the battery is too low to operate the unit.
To extend the battery life:
Shut down the unit with the power switch when not taking measurements •
or use the power save option to have the unit automatically turn off after 5
minutes.
Store the unit in a cool dry place.•
Fully charge the battery before storing the unit for extended periods of time.•
Limit backlight use. The unit consumes 3X normal power with the backlight •
on. Set the backlight time option to 10 seconds, or select “Button Control”
and keep the backlight off.
BATTERY REPLACEMENT
The lithium ion battery used in this unit should last for many years with
normal use. When it no longer powers the unit long enough to meet testing
SMART3 Soil 1.11 47
requirements it will need to be replaced. Lithium ion batteries that are properly
charged and stored do not usually lose all capacity; they just have less capacity
after hundreds of charge cycles. This unit uses a custom battery assembly
that is only available from LaMotte Company. Battery replacement must be
performed at a LaMotte authorized repair facility. The water resistant housing
of this meter should not be opened by the user. Contact LaMotte Company by
phone (1-800-344-3100) or email (tech@lamotte.com) for a return authorization
number.
MAINTENANCE
CLEANING
Clean the exterior housing with a damp, lint-free cloth. Do not allow water
to enter the light chamber or any other parts of the meter. To clean the light
chamber and optics area, point a can of compressed air into the light chamber
and blow the pressurized air into the light chamber. Use a cotton swab
dampened with Windex
chamber. Do not use alcohol; it will leave a thin residue over the optics when
dry.
REPAIRS
Should it be necessary to return the meter for repair or servicing, pack the
meter carefully in a suitable container with adequate packing material. A return
authorization number must be obtained from LaMotte Company by calling 800344-3100 (US only) or 410-778-3100, faxing 410-778-6394, or emailing tech@
lamotte.com. Often a problem can be resolved over the phone or by email. If
a return of the meter is necessary, attach a letter with the return authorization
number, meter serial number, a brief description of problem and contact
information including phone and FAX numbers to the shipping carton. This
information will enable the service department to make the required repairs
more efficiently.
®
window cleaner to gently swab the interior of the
METER DISPOSAL
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
Natural resources were used in the production of this equipment. This
equipment may contain materials that are hazardous to health and the
environment. To avoid harm to the environment and natural resources, the use
of appropriate take-back systems is recommended. The crossed out wheeled
bin symbol on the meter encourages the use of these systems when disposing
of this equipment.
Take-back systems will allow the materials to be reused or recycled in a way that
will not harm the environment. For more information on approved collection,
48 SMART3 Soil 1.11
reuse, and recycling systems contact local or regional waste administration or
recycling services.
TROUBLESHOOTING
ERROR MESSAGES
OVER RANGE
If the message OVERRANGE is displayed when scanning a sample, the
sample may be over range or under range. If the sample is over range the
sample should be diluted and tested again (see Sample Dilution Techniques
and Volumetric Measurements, page 12).
If overrange is displayed, press
ENTER
to continue testing on
diluted samples.
NOTE: After pressing
ENTER
, the
overrange concentration will be
displayed. This concentration is
an approximation only.
Overrange
<Enter> continue
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
002 Aluminum
CALIBRATION
As with all pre-calibrated meters, it is highly recommended, even if not required
by regulations, that the user periodically verify the performance of the meter
by running standards with a predetermined concentration. Results outside of
specification are an indication that the meter needs to be adjusted. This can be
done following the user calibration described on page 24. If the user calibration
fails to properly adjust the meter then the meter should be returned to LaMotte
Company for recalibration. (See page 48).
STRAY LIGHT
The SMART3 Colorimeter should have no problems with stray light. Make sure
that the sample compartment lid is always fully closed, except when testing
COD with the adapter.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 49
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
PROBLEMREASONSOLUTION
Flashing
Low battery. Readings
are reliable.
“Low Battery”Battery voltage is very
low. Readings are not
reliable.
“Shut Down Low
Batt” Shut Down
Battery is too low to
operate the unit.
“Overrange”Sample is outside of
acceptable range.
Charge battery or use
USB wall/computer
adapter.
Charge battery or use
USB wall/computer
adapter.
Charge battery or use
USB wall/computer
adapter.
Dilute sample and test
again.
Unusually large
negative or
positive readings
when performing
calibration
Incorrect standards
used to calibrate
meter.
Use fresh 0.0 standard
in clean tube. Reset
meter to factory default
settings. Recalibrate
meter.
50 SMART3 Soil 1.11
SMART3
Soil
Soil Test
Procedures
1985-05-TEST
1.11
SMART3 Soil 1.11 51
SMART3 COLORIMETER
REAGENT SYSTEMS
This SMART3 Colorimeter contains calibrations for pre-programmed LaMotte
SMART reagent systems for water testing as well as the pre-programmed soil
tests included in this lab. A SMART3 manual (Code 1910-MN) and appropriate
reagent systems and chamber adapters are required to perform the water test
procedures. Call LaMotte Technical Services at 800-344-3100 (410-778-3100
outside the USA) or email tech@lamotte.com for a current list of available
calibrations.
52 SMART3 Soil 1.11
ELECTRONIC TEST METHODS
pH
PROCEDURE
Use the 10 g Soil Measure (1164) to add one level measure of the soil 1.
sample to a 50 mL beaker (0944). Use the graduated cylinder (0416) to add
10 mL of deionized water. Stir thoroughly.
Let stand for at least 30 minutes, stirring two or three times.2.
Stir mixture just prior to making the pH reading. Determine the pH reading 3.
of the sample by following the instructions for the pH Meter.
LIME REQUIREMENT - WOODRUFF METHOD
PROCEDURE
Use the 10 g Soil Measure (1164) to add one level measure of the soil 1.
sample to a 50 mL beaker (0944). Use the graduated cylinder (0416) to add
10 mL of deionized water. Stir thoroughly.
Let stand for at least 15 minutes.2.
Add 20 mL of Woodruff Buffer Solution (5272). Mix well, and let stand for at 3.
least 20 minutes, stirring two or three times.
Take reading using the pH meter. Stir mixture just prior to making reading.4.
Each 0.1 pH unit drop from pH 7.0 indicates a lime requirement equivalent 5.
to 1000 lbs calcium carbonate (CaCO
)/acre.
3
Test Procedures
SMART3 Soil 1.11 53
SOLUBLE SALTS (TOTAL DISSOLVED SALTS)
Most plants will get along well at soluble salts concentrations of below 1000
parts per million. However, greenhouse and many sensitive garden plants may
be damaged if the soluble salts are over 500 parts per million of chlorides,
particularly some of the most sensitive legumes. If the soluble salts are greater
that 1000 parts per million, the chlorides and sulfates should be determined to
learn whether the soluble salts are chlorides or sulfates. In calcareous soils, the
sulfates represent gypsum and have little effect on the production of plants.
PROCEDURE
Fill a 50 mL beaker (0944) with the soil to be tested, tapping it lightly to 1.
eliminate any trapped air and then strike off the surface.
Empty the contents of the beaker into the 300 mL bottle (0991). Add 100 mL 2.
of deionized water.
Cap the bottle and shake vigorously. Allow to stand for thirty minutes. 3.
During the thirty minute waiting period the bottle should be shaken
vigorously three or four times.
Filter the contents of the bottle using funnel (0459) and filter paper (0463) 4.
and collect the filtrate in a 100 mL bottle (0990) which is then used as a
conductivity chamber.
Determine the TDS reading of the sample by following the instructions for 5.
the TDS Meter.
To convert conductivity to Soluble Salts (Total Dissolved Solids), use the 6.
following formula.
The following method of extraction is employed for obtaining the soil filtrate for
the tests for Nitrate Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium,
Ammonia Nitrogen, Nitrite Nitrogen, Manganese, Copper, Zinc, and Iron.
Separate extractions are required for the Chloride and Sulfate tests. Consult the
LaMotte Soil Handbook (1504) for information on sampling and preparation of
sample for testing.
MULTIPLE TEST PROCEDURE
Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 5 mL of *Acid Extracting Solution (6361) 1.
to the 100 mL graduated cylinder (0419). Add deionized water to 75 mL
graduation.
Pour this solution into the 100 mL bottle (0990).2.
Use the Soil Measure (1165) to add 15 g (one level measure) of the soil 3.
sample to the bottle.
Cap the bottle and shake for 5 minutes.4.
Use the funnel (0459) and filter paper (0463) to filter and collect all of the soil 5.
extract in a 100 mL bottle (0990).
The soil extract is used for all of the tests listed above, except Chloride and 6.
Sulfate.
SINGLE TEST PROCEDURE
Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of *Acid Extracting Solution (6361) to 1.
the test tube (0701), then add deionized water to fill to the 15 mL line.
Use the 1.0 g spoon (0697) to add 3 measures of soil to the extracting 2.
solution in the test tube.
Cap the tube and shake for 5 minutes.3.
Filter, using the funnel (0459) and filter paper (0463) and collect all of the 4.
soil extract.
The soil extract is used for all of the tests listed above except Chloride and 5.
Sulfate.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 55
Test Procedures
NEUTRALIZATION OF SOIL FILTRATE
In the test procedures for Ammonia Nitrogen, Calcium & Magnesium, Copper,
Iron, Manganese and Zinc require that the acidity of the soil extract be
neutralized before the test procedure is performed. This is done by adding
*Sodium Hydroxide, 15% (7886) to the soil extract until Bromthymol Blue Test
Paper (2931) indicates that the pH is in the proper range.
Add one drop of *Sodium Hydroxide, 15% (7886) to the soil extract. Stir with 1.
the stirring rod.
Touch the stirring rod to the Bromthymol Blue Test Paper (2931).2.
If the test paper does not change from yellow to blue or green, continue 3.
adding *Sodium Hydroxide, 15% to the soil extract, one drop at a time. Stir
and test the pH after the addition of each drop until the test paper changes
from yellow to green or blue.
Test Procedures
56 SMART3 Soil 1.11
AMMONIA NITROGEN - HIGH RANGE
NESSLERIZATION METHOD • CODE 3642-SC
QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE
30 mL Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent #1 V-4797-G
2 x 30 mL*Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent #2*V-4798-G
1 Pipet, 1 mL, plastic 0354
*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health
hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents
go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail,
phone or fax.
A fertile soil may be expected to give a low ammonia nitrogen test reading,
unless there has been a recent application of nitrogenous fertilizer in forms other
than the nitrate. The rapid disappearance of ammonia after fertilizer application
indicates the desired transformation of the ammonia to the more available
nitrate compounds. In forest soils, ammonia is the most abundant available
form of nitrogen. If there is a satisfactory rate of nitrogen transformation, the
humus layers of a forest soil will produce very high concentrations of ammonia
nitrogen.
RANGE:0.00-200.00 lb/acre Ammonia-Nitrogen
METHOD:Ammonia forms a colored complex with Nessler’s
Reagent in proportion to the amount of ammonia
present in the sample. Rochelle salt is added to prevent
precipitation of calcium or magnesium in undistilled
samples.
INTERFERENCES:Sample turbidity and color may interfere. Turbidity may
be removed by filtration procedure. Color interferences
may be eliminated by blanking the instrument with a
sample blank.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 57
Test Procedures
PROCEDURE
Press and hold 1. until colorimeter turns on.
ENTER
Press 2.
Scroll to and select 3. ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 005 Ammonia-N HR) from TESTING MENU.
Scroll to and select 4. 005 Ammonia-N HR from menu.
Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to transfer 2 mL of soil extract into a clean tube 5.
(0290). Dilute to the 10 mL line with deionized water. Mix and neutralize
according to the procedure on page 56.
Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK. (See Note)6.
Remove tube from colorimeter. Add 12 drops of Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent 7.
#1 (V-4797). Cap and mix. Wait 1 minute.
Use the 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 1.0 mL of *Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent 8.
#2 (V-4798). Cap and mix. Allow 5 minutes for maximum color development.
At end of the 5 minute waiting period, immediately mix, insert tube into 9.
chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 50 to
determine the ammonia-nitrogen concentration in lb/acre.
Press 10.
menu or make another menu selection.
NOTE: It is strongly suggested that a reagent blank be determined to account
for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the
reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized
water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled
or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract
the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It
is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of
reagents is obtained.
Test Procedures
to select TESTING MENU.
to turn the colorimeter off or press the
EXIT
exit to a previous
AMMONIA NITROGEN CONCENTRATION CHART
POUNDS PER ACRE RANGE
0-24 lb/acreLow
25-68 lb/acre Medium
Over 71 lb/acreHigh
58 SMART3 Soil 1.11
CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM
SCHWARZENBACH EDTA METHOD • CODE M-CAL-MAG
QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE
30 mL *Calcium & Magnesium Buffer *5126-G
60 mL Standard EDTA Reagent 5254-H
100 Calcium Hardness Indicator Tablets T-5250-J
30 mL Calcium Magnesium Inhibitor Reagent 3922-G
30 mL *CM Indicator Reagent *6522WT-G
30 mL *Sodium Hydroxide w/Metal Inhibitors *4259-G
15 mL*Inhibitor Solution*9258-E
15 mL *TEA Reagent *3921-E
2 Direct Reading Titrators, 0-1000 Range 0384
1 Pipet, transfer, plastic 0364
1 Test tube, 5-10-15 mL, glass, w/cap 0778
*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health
hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents
go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail,
phone or fax.
Test Procedures
The amount of total calcium in soils may range from as little as 0.1% to as much
25%. A calcium deficiency is rarely a problem due to widely accepted practice
of applying lime to soil to raise the pH to the proper range for optimum plant
growth. As an important mineral nutrient, calcium is a component of cell walls in
plants and is known to stimulate root and leaf development as well as activate
several enzyme reactions involved in plant metabolism. Indirectly, calcium
influences crop yields by reducing soils acidity and by reducing the toxicity of
several other soil minerals such as manganese, zinc, and aluminum.
The Schwarzenbach EDTA titration method, used to determine calcium and
magnesium, involves two titrations. The first titration gives the calcium and
magnesium content, the second only calcium. Magnesium is calculated from
the difference between the titration values.
RANGE:0-4000 lb/acre Calcium
0-2400 lb/acre Magnesium
METHOD:Titration with Schwarzenbach EDTA
INTERFERENCE: Sample color and turbidity may interfere with endpoint.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 59
PROCEDURE
I. DILUTION OF SOIL EXTRACT
Use the 30 mL graduated cylinder (0418) to measure 10 mL of the soil extract
and transfer it to a 50 mL beaker (0944). Add 10 mL of deionized water, mix and
neutralize according to the procedure on page 50.
II. TITRATION A, CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM
Carefully read the LaMotte Direct Reading Titrator Manual (1649) before
performing the titrations described below.
Fill the test tube (0778) to the 5 mL line with the soil extract from above. 1.
Dilute to the 10 mL line with deionized water.
Add 5 drops of Calcium Magnesium Inhibitor Reagent (3922).2.
Wait 5 minutes.3.
Use a pipet (0364) to add 5 drops of *Calcium & Magnesium Buffer (5126).4.
Add 10 drops of *CM Indicator (6522WT).5.
Fill the Direct Reading Titrator (0384) with the Standard EDTA Reagent 6.
(5254). Insert the tip of the Titrator into the center hole of the test tube cap.
While gently swirling the tube, slowly press the plunger to titrate until the 7.
color changes from red to blue.
Read the test result from the scale where the large ring on the Titrator meets 8.
the Titrator barrel. Multiply by 5.16. This is Titration Value A.
III. TITRATION B, CALCIUM
Fill the test tube (0778) to the 5 mL line with the diluted soil extract. Dilute to 1.
10 mL with deionized water.
Test Procedures
Add 2 drops of *Inhibitor Solution (9258).2.
Add 2 drops of *TEA Reagent (3921).3.
Add 8 drops of *Sodium Hydroxide w/Metal Inhibitors (4259).4.
Add one Calcium-Hardness Indicator Tablet (T-5250) to the test sample. Cap 5.
and shake to dissolve the tablet. A red color will develop.
Immediately titrate the sample. Fill the Direct Reading Titrator with Standard 6.
EDTA Reagent (5254). Insert the tip of the Titrator into the hole in the cap of
the test tube.
While gently shaking the tube, slowly press the plunger to titrate until the red 7.
color changes to a clear blue and does not revert to red upon standing 1-2
minutes.
Read the test result from the scale where the large ring on the Titrator meets 8.
the Titrator barrel. Multiply by 5.16. This is Titration Value B.
60 SMART3 Soil 1.11
IV. FINAL RESULTS
Calcium Content = 0.4 x Titration Value B = ppm Ca
Magnesium Content = 0.24 (Value A - Value B) = ppm Mg
Multiply the results by 2 to obtain the content in pounds per acre.
EXAMPLE:
Titration Value A is 640 ppm CaCO
Titration Value B is 520 ppm CaCO
3
3
Calcium = 0.4 x 520 = 208 ppm Ca
= 208 x 2 = 416 lb/acre Ca
Magnesium= 0.24 (640 - 520)
= 0.24 x 120 = 29 ppm Mg
= 29 x 2 = 58 lb/acre Mg
Test Procedures
SMART3 Soil 1.11 61
Test Procedures
62 SMART3 Soil 1.11
CHLORIDE
DIRECT READING TITRATOR METHOD • CODE M7241
QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE
15 mL *Chloride Reagent #1 *4504-E
60 mL*Silver Nitrate, 0.141N *3062DR-H
1Test Tube, 5-10-15 mL, plastic, w/cap0701
1 Spoon, 1g0697
1Test Tube, 5-10-15 mL, glass, w/cap0778
1Direct Reading Titrator, 0-1000 Range0384
*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health
hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents
go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail,
phone or fax.
Chlorides are present in practically all soils. Application of fertilizer may increase
chloride levels. Chlorides are removed from soil by leaching. Excessive
concentrations are toxic to plants. A high test reading, particularly where stunted
growth has been observed, may indicate poisoning due to high chloride levels
in the soil. This test is valuable on saline soils or when contamination from sea
water or sea spray is suspected. Normal soils of humid regions rarely give
readable tests, except when recently receiving liberal amounts of fertilizers
containing chlorides.
Test Procedures
RANGE:0-1000 lb/acre Chloride
METHOD:In a neutral or slightly alkaline solution, potassium
dichromate indicates the endpoint of the silver nitrate
titration.
INTERFERENCES:Bromine, iodide and cyanide register as equivalent
chloride concentrations.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 63
PROCEDURE
Carefully read the LaMotte Direct Reading Titrator Manual (1649) before
performing the titration procedure described below. The Titrator is calibrated in
terms of parts per million chloride and each minor division on the Titrator scale
equals 20 ppm.
Fill a clean test tube (0701) to the 15 mL line with deionized water.1.
Add 3 measures of soil using the 1 g spoon (0697). Cap tube and shake for 2.
five minutes.
Filter and collect all of the soil filtrate using the funnel (0459) and filter paper 3.
(0463). The extract does not have to be clear since a slight turbidity does
not interfere in the test.
Fill the test tube (0778) to the 10 mL line with the filtrate.4.
Add three drops of *Chloride Reagent #1 (4504) to the sample. Cap and 5.
shake to mix. A yellow color will result.
Fill the Direct Reading Titrator (0384) with *Silver Nitrate, 0.141 (3062DR) in 6.
the manner described in the instruction manual.
Titrate the test sample with *Silver Nitrate, 0.141 (3062DR) until the yellow 7.
color changes permanently to pink. Read the test result from the scale
where the large ring on the Titrator meets the Titrator barrel. If the plunger
reaches the bottom mark (1000 ppm) on the Titrator scale before the
endpoint color change occurs, refill the Titrator and continue the titration
procedure. Be sure to include the value of the original amount added (1000
ppm) when recording the final result.
Test Procedures
64 SMART3 Soil 1.11
COPPER
DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE METHOD •CODE 3646-SC
QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE
15 mL*Copper 1*6446-E
*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health
hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents
go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail,
phone or fax.
Like many other micronutrients, the amount of available copper varies
considerably with the type of soil. Well drained sandy soils are usually low in
copper while heavily clay-type soils contain an abundant supply of copper. Like
manganese, copper may be unavailable in soils that have a high organic makeup because it readily forms insoluble complexes with organic compounds.
Generally from 0.2-25 lb/acre of copper is added to the soil to correct a
deficient level. Copper is another metal that is necessary in the formation of the
chlorophyll molecule and like other metals, e.g. iron, manganese and zinc acts
as a catalyst.
RANGE:0.00-35.00 ppm Copper
METHOD:Cupric ions form a yellow colored chelate with
Diethyldithiocarbamate around pH 9-10, in proportion to
the concentration of copper in the sample.
INTERFERENCES:Bismuth, cobalt, mercury, nickel and silver ions and
chlorine (6 ppm or greater) interfere seriously and must
be absent.
Test Procedures
SMART3 Soil 1.11 65
PROCEDURE
Press and hold 1. until colorimeter turns on.
ENTER
Press 2.
Select 3. ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 031 Cu Thiocarbamate) from TESTING MENU.
Scroll to and select 4. 031 Cu Thiocarbamate from menu.
Scroll to and select 32 Cu DDC from menu.5.
Fill a clean tube (0290) to the 10 mL line with the soil extract then neutralize 6.
according to the procedure on page 56.
Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.7.
Remove tube from colorimeter and add 5 drops of *Copper 1 (6446). Cap 8.
and mix. Solution will turn yellow if copper is present.
Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the 9.
result by 5 to determine the copper concentration in ppm.
Press 10.
previous menu or make another menu selection.
NOTE: The reaction may stain the tubes. Scrub the tubes thoroughly after
each use.
COPPER CONCENTRATION CHART
PARTS PER MILLION RANGE
0-1 ppm Low
1-3 ppm Marginal
Test Procedures
3-4 ppm Adequate
to select TESTING MENU.
button to turn colorimeter off or press
EXIT
button to exit to a
66 SMART3 Soil 1.11
IRON
BIPYRIDYL METHOD • CODE 3648-SC
QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE
30 mL*Iron Reagent #1*V-4450-G
5 g*Iron Reagent #2 Powder*V-4451-C
1 Pipet, 0.5 mL, plastic 0353
1 Spoon, 0.1 g, plastic 0699
*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health
hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents
go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail,
phone or fax.
Iron is essential to the formation of chlorophyll, and iron deficiency causes
chlorosis. While most soils contain abundant iron, only a fraction is soluble
and readily available to the growing plant. This is particularly true in neutral or
alkaline soils. Acid soils contain higher levels of available iron.
RANGE:0.00-30.00 ppm Iron
METHOD:Ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron and subsequently
forms a colored complex with bipyridyl for a quantitative
measure of total iron.
INTERFERENCES: Strong oxidizing agents interfere, as well as copper and
cobalt in excess of 5.0 mg/L
Test Procedures
SMART3 Soil 1.11 67
PROCEDURE
Press and hold 1. until colorimeter turns on.
ENTER
Press 2.
Select 3. ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 051 Iron Bipyridyl)
from TESTING MENU.
Scroll to and select 4. 051 Iron Bipyridyl from menu.
Fill a clean tube (0290) to the 10 mL line with the soil extract then neutralize 5.
according to the procedure on page 50.
Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.6.
Remove tube from colorimeter. Use the 0.5 mL pipet (0353) to add one 7.
measure of *Iron Reagent #1 (V-4450). Cap and mix.
Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add 0.1 g of *Iron Reagent #2 Powder 8.
(V-4451). Cap and shake vigorously for 30 seconds. Wait three minutes for
maximum color development.
At the end of 3 minute waiting period, do not mix. Insert tube into chamber, 9.
close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 5 to determine the
iron concentration in ppm.
Press 10.
or make another menu selection.
NOTE: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined
to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To
determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled
or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test
on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank.
Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples.
It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of
reagents is obtained.
Test Procedures
to select TESTING MENU.
to turn colorimeter off or press
EXIT
to exit to a previous menu
IRON CONCENTRATION CHART
PARTS PER MILLION RANGE
0.0-1.3 ppm Very Low
1.4-3.0 ppm Low
3.0-5.0 ppmMedium
5.0-10.0 ppm Medium High
Above 10.0-25.0 ppm High
68 SMART3 Soil 1.11
MANGANESE – HIGH RANGE
PERIODATE METHOD • CODE 3669-SC
QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE
10 g Manganese Buffer Reagent 6310-D
15 g*Manganese Periodate Reagent*6311-E
1 Spoon, 0.1 g, plastic 0699
1 Spoon, 0.15 g, plastic 0727
*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health
hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents
go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail,
phone or fax.
The amount of manganese available to the plant is dependant upon the soil pH,
the quantity of organic matter present, and the degree of aeration. Manganese
deficiency is most likely to occur in neutral or alkaline soils because it is less
soluble at elevated pH levels. In extremely acid soils, where manganese is
more soluble, toxic levels may exist which may reduce crop yields. In slightly
acid sandy soils, manganese may leach past the root zone and not be able for
utilization by the plant. Also, it is believed that manganese may form insoluble
organic complexes in some soils that have high humus content. All of the factors
contribute to the availability of this essential element. Only soil or tissue tests
can determine whether deficient or toxic levels of manganese exist.
Test Procedures
Although manganese is known to play an important role in many of the
metabolic processes in the plant, little is known about its function other than
it is required in some enzyme reactions and is required for the formation of
chlorophyll in the plant.
APPLICATION:0.00-75.00 ppm Manganese
METHOD:Periodate method
INTERFERENCES:Reducing substances capable of reacting with
periodate or permanganate must be eliminated.
Chlorine in small amounts can be oxidized by
periodate.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 69
PROCEDURE
Press and hold 1. until colorimeter turns on.
ENTER
Press 2.
Select 3. ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 056 Manganese HR)
from TESTING MENU.
Scroll to and select 4. 056 Manganese HR from menu.
Fill a clean tube (0290) to the 10 mL line with the soil extract then neutralize 5.
according to the procedure on page 50.
Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.6.
Remove tube from colorimeter. Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add two 7.
measures of Manganese Buffer Reagent (6310). Cap and mix until powder
dissolves.
Use the 0.15 g spoon (0727) to add one measure of *Manganese Periodate 8.
Reagent (6311). Cap and shake for one minute. An undissolved portion of
the reagent may remain in the bottom of the tube without adversely affecting
the test results. Wait two minutes for maximum color development. Solution
will turn pink if manganese is present.
At the end of the two minute waiting period, mix, insert tube into chamber, 9.
close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 5 to determine the
manganese concentration in ppm.
Press 10.
or make another menu selection.
to select TESTING MENU.
to turn colorimeter off or press
EXIT
to exit to a previous menu
MANGANESE CONCENTRATION CHART
PARTS PER MILLION RANGE
Test Procedures
0-5 ppmLow
5-12 ppmMedium
13-24 ppm Medium High
25-40 ppm High
Over 40 ppmVery High
70 SMART3 Soil 1.11
NITRATE-NITROGEN – LOW RANGE
CADMIUM REDUCTION METHOD • CODE 3649-SC
QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE
2 x 60 mL*Mixed Acid Reagent*V-6278-H
5 g*Nitrate Reducing Reagent*V-6279-C
1 Spoon, 0.1 g, plastic 0699
1 Dispenser Cap 0692
*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health
hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents
go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail,
phone or fax.
Nitrogen is a component of the chlorophyll (green color) in plants, thus
giving plants the rich green color characteristic of a healthy plant. Nitrogen
promotes succulence in forage crops and leafy vegetables. When used at
the recommended rates, nitrogen improves the quality of leaf crops. It also
simulates the utilization of phosphorus, potassium and other essential nutrient
elements. The above-ground growth of plants is enhanced with nitrogen.
Nitrogen hastens crop maturity (assuming all other nutrients are adequately
supplied and excessive nitrogen rates are not applied). Nitrogen is very
influential in fruit sizing.
APPLICATION:0.00-300.00 lb/acre Nitrate-Nitrogen
METHOD:Powdered cadmium is used to reduce nitrate to nitrite.
The nitrite that is originally present plus reduced
nitrate is determined by diazotizing sulfanilamide
and coupling with N-(1 naphthyl)-ethylenediamine
dihydrochloride to form a highly colored azo dye which
is measured colorimetrically.
INTERFERENCES:Strong oxiding and reducing substances interfere. Low
results might be obtained for samples that contain high
concentrations of iron and copper.
Test Procedures
SMART3 Soil 1.11 71
PROCEDURE
NOTE: Place Dispenser Cap (0692) on *Mixed Acid Reagent (V-6278). Save this
cap for refill reagents.
Press and hold 1.
ENTER
Press 2.
to select TESTING MENU.
until colorimeter turns on.
Select 3. ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 064 Nitrate-N LR) from
TESTING MENU.
Scroll to and select 4. 064 Nitrate-N LR from menu.
Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of soil extract to a clean tube (0290) 5.
and dilute to the line with deionized water. Cap tube and mix.
Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.6.
Remove tube from colorimeter and pour off 5 mL into graduated cylinder or 7.
similar. Discard the remaining diluted extract.
Pour the 5 mL diluted extract from a graduated cylinder or similar into the 8.
tube. Use the graduated cylinder or similar to measure 5 mL of *Mixed Acid
Reagent (V-6278) and add to tube. Cap and mix. Wait 2 minutes before
proceeding to Step 10.
Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add two measures of *Nitrate Reducing 9.
Reagent (V-6279). Cap.
Hold tube by index finger and thumb and mix by inverting approximately 10.
60 times a minute for four minutes. Wait 10 minutes for maximum color
development.
NOTE: At end of waiting period an undissolved portion of Nitrate Reducing
Reagent may remain in bottom of the tube without affecting results.
At the end of the 10 minute waiting period, mix, insert tube into chamber, 11.
close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 100 to determine
Test Procedures
the nitrate-nitrogen concentration in lb/acre.
Press 12.
to turn colorimeter off or press
EXIT
to exit to a previous menu
or make another menu selection.
NOTE: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined
to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To
determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled
or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test
on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank.
Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples.
It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of
reagents are obtained.
To convert Nitrate Nitrogen (NO
4.4.
–N) results to ppm Nitrate (NO
3
–
), multiply by
3
72 SMART3 Soil 1.11
NITRATE-NITROGEN CONCENTRATION CHART
POUNDS PER ACRE RANGE
0-9.0 lb/acreLow
11-29 lb/acreMedium
33-51 lb/acre Medium High
53-100 lb/acre High
Over 100 lb/acreVery High
Test Procedures
SMART3 Soil 1.11 73
Test Procedures
74 SMART3 Soil 1.11
NITRITE-NITROGEN
DIAZOTIZATION METHOD • CODE 3650-SC
QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE
2 x 60 mL*Mixed Acid Reagent*V-6278-H
5 g*Color Developing Reagent*V-6281-C
1 Spoon, 0.1 g, plastic 0699
1 Dispenser Cap 0692
*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health
hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents
go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail,
phone or fax.
Nitrites are formed as an intermediate step in the production of nitrate. Soils
that are well drained and aerated contain only small amounts of nitrite nitrogen.
Excessive nitrites, which are toxic to plants, may result from soil conditions
unfavorable to the formation of nitrate, such as inadequate aeration. High nitrite
readings may also be encountered in soils with large amounts of nitrates, where
a portion of the nitrate nitrogen decomposes to form nitrites.
APPLICATION:0.00-40.00 lb/acre Nitrate-Nitrogen
METHOD:The diazonium compound formed by diazotization of
sulfanilamide by nitrite in water under acid conditions
is coupled with N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine
to produce a reddish-purple color which is read
colorimetrically.
INTERFERENCES:There are few known interferences of substances at
concentrations less than 1000 times that of nitrite;
however, the presence of strong oxidants or reductants
may readily affect the nitrite concentrations. High
alkalinity (above 600 mg/L) will give low results due to a
shift in pH.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 75
Test Procedures
PROCEDURE
NOTE: Place Dispenser Cap (0692) on *Mixed Acid Reagent (V-6278). Save this
cap for refill reagents.
Press and hold 1.
ENTER
Press 2.
to select TESTING MENU.
until colorimeter turns on.
Select 3. ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 067 Nitrite-N LR) from
TESTING MENU.
Scroll to and select 4. 067 Nitrite-N LR from menu.
Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 2 mL of soil extract to a clean tube (0290) 5.
and dilute to the line with deionized water. Cap tube and mix.
Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.6.
Remove tube from colorimeter and pour off 5 mL into a graduated cylinder 7.
or similar. Discard the remaining diluted extract.
Pour the 5 mL diluted extract from the graduated cylinder or similar into 8.
the colorimeter tube. Use graduated cylinder or similar to measure 5 mL of
*Mixed Acid Reagent (V-6278) and add to tube. Cap and mix.
Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add two measures of *Color Developing 9.
Reagent (V-6281). Cap and mix by gently inverting for 1 minute. Wait 5
minutes for maximum color development.
At the end of the 5 minute waiting period, mix, insert tube into chamber, 10.
close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 50 to determine
the nitrite-nitrogen concentration in lb/acre.
Press 11.
to turn colorimeter off or press
EXIT
button to exit to a previous
menu or make another menu selection.
Test Procedures
NOTE: To convert nitrite-nitrogen (NO2–N) results to ppm nitrite (NO2), multiply
results by 3.3.
NITRITE-NITROGEN CONCENTRATION CHART
POUNDS PER ACRE RANGE
0.0-2.0 lb/acreLow
2.5-4.0 lb/acreMedium
4.5-10.0 lb/acre Medium High
Over 10 lb/acre High
76 SMART3 Soil 1.11
PHOSPHATE
ASCORBIC ACID REDUCTION METHOD • CODE 3653-SC
QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE
60 mL*Phosphate Acid Reagent*V-6282-H
5 g*Phosphate Reducing Reagent*V-6283-C
1 Pipet, 1 mL, plastic 0354
1 Spoon, 0.1 g, plastic 0699
*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health
hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents
go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail,
phone or fax.
Phosphorus is necessary for the hardy growth of the plant and activity of the
cells. It encourages root development, and by hastening the maturity of the
plant, it increases the ratio of grain to straw, as well as the total yield. It plays
an important part in increasing the palatability of plants and simulates the
formation of fats, convertible starches and healthy seed. By stimulating rapid
cell development in the plant, phosphorus naturally increases the resistance
to disease. An excess of phosphorus does not cause the harmful effect of
excessive nitrogen and has an important balancing effect upon the plant.
APPLICATION:0.00-99.00 lb/acre Phosphorus
METHOD:The diazonium compound formed by diazotization of
sulfanilamide by nitrite in water under acid conditions
is coupled with N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine
to produce a reddish-purple color which is read
Ammonium molybdate and antimony potassium tartrate
react in a filtered acid medium with dilute solution
-2
of PO
complex. This complex is reduced to an intense
blue colored complex by ascorbic acid. The color is
proportionate to the amount of phosphate present.
(Only orthophosphate forms a blue color in this test.)
Polyphosphates (and some organic phosphorus
compounds) may be converted to the orthophosphate
form by sulfuric acid digestion. Organic phosphorus
compounds may be converted to the orthophosphate
form by persulfate digestion.
INTERFERENCES:High iron concentrations can cause precipitation of and
subsequent loss of phosphorus.
to form an antimony-phosphomolybdate
4
Test Procedures
SMART3 Soil 1.11 77
Test Procedures
78 SMART3 Soil 1.11
PROCEDURE
Press and hold 1. until colorimeter turns on.
Press 2.
ENTER
to select TESTING MENU.
Select 3. ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 078 Phosphate ppb)
from TESTING MENU.
Scroll to and select 4. 078 Phosphate ppb from menu.
Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of the soil extract to a clean tube 5.
(0290) and dilute to the 10 mL line with deionized water.
Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.6.
Remove tube from colorimeter. Use 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 1.0 mL of 7.
*Phosphate Acid Reagent (V-6282). Cap and mix.
Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add one measure of *Phosphate Reducing 8.
Reagent (V-6283). Cap and shake until powder dissolves. Wait 5 minutes for
full color development. Solution will turn blue if phosphorus is present.
At end of 5 minute waiting period, mix, insert tube into chamber, close 9.
lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 32 to determine the
phosphorus concentration in lb/acre.
Press 10.
to turn colorimeter off or press
EXIT
to exit to a previous menu
or make another menu selection.
PHOSPHORUS IN ALKALINE SOILS
A special extraction procedure is used for determining the available phosphorus
content of Western U.S. alkaline soils where the pH value is above 7.0.
Test Procedures
EXTRACTION PROCEDURE
Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of the *Special NF Extracting 1.
Solution (6362) to the test tube (0701) then add deionized water to the
graduation.
Add 3 one gram measures of soil using the 1 g spoon (0697) to the 2.
extracting solution in the vial.
Cap the vial and shake for a period of 5 minutes.3.
Filter using the funnel (0459) and filter paper (0463). Collect all of the filtrate.4.
Perform the Phosphorus test according to the Phosphorus procedure given 5.
above.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 79
PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION CHART
POUNDS PER ACRE RANGE
0-14 lb/acre Very Low
16-34 lb/acre Low
35-67 lb/acre Medium
Over 70 lb/acre High
Test Procedures
80 SMART3 Soil 1.11
POTASSIUM
TETRAPHENYLBORON METHOD • CODE M3639-46-65-SC
QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE
30 mL *Sodium Hydroxide, 0.1N *4004WT-G
5 g *Tetraphenylboron Powder *6364-C
1 Spoon, 0.05g0696
*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health
hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents
go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail,
phone or fax.
Potassium is not a component of the structural makeup of plants, yet it plays
a vital role in the physiological and biochemical functions of plants. The exact
function of potassium in plants is not clearly understood, but many beneficial
factors, implicating the involvement and necessity of potassium in plant nutrition
have been demonstrated. Some of these factors are: it enhances disease
resistance by strengthening stalks and stems; activates various enzyme systems
within plants; contributes to a thicker cuticle (waxy layer) which guards against
disease and water loss; controls the turgor pressure within plants to prevent
wilting; enhances fruit size, flavor, texture and development and is involved in the
production of amino acids (the building blocks for protein), chlorophyll formation
( green-color), starch formation and sugar transport from leaves to roots.
Test Procedures
When present in large amounts, ammonia salts will produce a precipitate similar
to that produced by potassium. If fertilizer containing ammonia salts has recently
been applied, or if the soil pH is below pH 5.0, perform the ammonia test before
performing the potassium test. A high ammonia nitrogen test result will alert the
operator to a probable false high reading in the potassium test; actual potassium
tests will be somewhat lower.
APPLICATION:0.0-500.0 lb/acre Potassium
METHOD:Potassium reacts with sodium tetraphenylboron to form
a colloidal white precipitate in quantities proportional to
the potassium concentration measured as turbidity.
INTERFERENCES:Calcium and Magnesium at very high concentrations.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 81
PROCEDURE
Press and hold 1. until colorimeter turns on.
ENTER
Press 2.
Select 3. ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 083 Potassium) from
TESTING MENU.
Scroll to and select 4. 083 Potassium from menu.
Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 2 ml of the soil extract to a clean tube 5.
(0290) and dilute to the 10 mL line with deionized water.
Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.6.
Remove tube from colorimeter. Add 4 drops of *Sodium Hydroxide, 1.0N 7.
(4004WT). Cap and mix.
Use the 0.05 g spoon (0696) to add one measure of *Tetraphenylboron 8.
Powder (6364). Cap and shake vigorously until all of the powder has
dissolved. Wait 5 minutes.
At end of 5 minute waiting period, mix tube again to suspend any settled 9.
precipitate. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE.
Multiply the result by 50 to determine the potassium concentration in lb/acre.
Press 10.
menu or make another menu selection.
NOTES:
For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account
for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the
reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized
water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled
or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract
the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It
Test Procedures
is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of
reagents are obtained.
to select TESTING MENU.
to turn the colorimeter off or press
EXIT
to exit to a previous
For the most accurate results, the sample and reagents should be at 25±4°C.
POTASSIUM CONCENTRATION CHART
POUNDS PER ACRE RANGE
0-44 lb/acre Very Low
50-76 lb/acre Low
82-143 lb/acre Medium
144-281 lb/acre High
Over 294 lb/acre Very High
82 SMART3 Soil 1.11
SULFUR
BARIUM CHLORIDE METHOD • CODE 3665-SC
QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE
10 g*Sulfate Reagent*V-6277-D
1 Spoon, 0.1 g, plastic 0699
*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health
hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents
go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail,
phone or fax.
Sulfur is essential to the formation of protein and affects various aspects of
plant metabolism. Sulfur-deficient plants are pale green in color with thin, reedy
stems. Negatively charged sulfate ions are easily leached. The major sources of
soil sulfate are fertilizer containing sulfate compounds and atmospheric sulfur
dioxide carried into the soil by precipitation.
RANGE:3-94 ppm Sulfur
METHOD:Sulfate ion is precipitated in an acid medium with
barium chloride to form barium sulfate crystals in
proportion to the amount of sulfate present.
INTERFERENCE:Suspended matter and color interference may be
removed by a filtration step. Silica in excess of 500
mg/L will interfere.
Test Procedures
SMART3 Soil 1.11 83
PROCEDURE
Press and hold 1. until colorimeter turns on.
Press 2.
Select 3. ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 089 Sulfate HR) from
TESTING MENU.
Scroll to and select 4. 089 Sulfate HR from menu.
Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of *Sulfate Extracting Solution (6363) 5.
to the test tube (0701) then add deionized water to the 15 mL line.
Add 3 one gram measures of soil using the 1 g spoon (0697). Cap vial and 6.
shake for five minutes.
Filter and collect all of the soil filtrate using the funnel (0459) and filter paper 7.
(0463). If the filtrate is not clear, filter a second time.
Fill a clean tube (0290) to the 10 mL line with the soil extract.8.
Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK..9.
Remove tube from colorimeter. Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add one 10.
measure of *Sulfate Reagent (V-6277). Cap and shake until powder
dissolves. A white precipitate will develop if sulfates are present. Wait 5
minutes.
Mix tube again. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN 11.
SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 1.65 to determine the sulfur concentration in
ppm.
Press 12.
or make another menu selection.
ENTER
to select TESTING MENU.
to turn colorimeter off or press
EXIT
to exit to a previous menu
Test Procedures
SULFUR CONCENTRATION CHART
PARTS PER MILLION RANGE
0-16 ppm Low
17-30 ppm Medium Low
31-50 ppm Medium
52-75 ppm High
84 SMART3 Soil 1.11
ZINC
ZINCON METHOD • CODE 3667-SC
QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE
30 mL*Zinc Indicator Solution*6314-G
120 mL*Methyl Alcohol*6319-J
10 g Sodium Ascorbate Powder 6316-D
25 g*Zinc Buffer Powder*6315-G
15 mL*Sodium Cyanide, 10%*6565-E
30 mL*Formaldehyde Solution, 37%*5128-G
1 “Dilute Zinc Indicator Solution” Bottle, w/1
pipet assembly
1 Graduated Cylinder, 10 mL, glass 0416
1 Spoon, 0.5 g, plastic 0698
2 Pipets, plain, plastic 0352
1 Spoon, 0.1 g, plastic 0699
*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health
hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents
go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail,
phone or fax.
0128-MT
Test Procedures
The availability of zinc in soils decreases with an increase in soil pH. Some
soils that are limited above pH 6.0 may show a zinc deficiency especially in well
drained sandy soils. A nutrient interaction exists between soils that have a high
phosphorous level and show a zinc deficiency even though zinc levels were
sufficient. This interaction is due to the preferential uptake of phosphorus instead
of zinc and the possible formation of insoluble zinc phosphates. Once zinc is
applied to the soil, it is relatively immobile because it is readily absorbed by
organic matter in the soil.
Zinc is essential in promoting certain enzyme reactions in the soil and is required
for the production of chlorophyll and the formation of carbohydrates in plants.
SMART3 Soil 1.11 85
RANGE:0.00 - 15.00 ppm Zinc
METHOD:Zinc forms a blue colored complex with Zincon in a
solution buffered at pH 9.0. Other heavy metals are
complexed by cyanide and the zinc cyanide complex
is released by the addition of formaldehyde before
the other metal cyanide complexes are destroyed.
Sodium ascorbate is added to reduce the interference
of manganese.
INTERFERENCES:The following ions interfere in concentrations in soil
extract greater than those listed.
Ionmg/LIonmg/L
Cd(II)1Cr(III)10
Al (III)5Ni(II)20
Mn (II)5Cn (II)30
Fe (III)7Co (II)30
Fe (II)9CrO4(II)50
Test Procedures
86 SMART3 Soil 1.11
PROCEDURE
A. PREPARATION OF DILUTE ZINC INDICATOR SOLUTION
Use a pipet (0352) to measure exactly 5.0 mL of *Zinc Indicator Solution 1.
(6314) into 10 mL graduated cylinder (0416). The bottom of the curved
surface (the meniscus) of liquid should be at 5.0 mL mark. Pour this into the
bottle labeled “Dilute Zinc Indicator Solution”.
Use unrinsed graduated cylinder to add 10.0 mL and then 7.8 mL (total of 2.
17.8 mL) of *Methyl Alcohol (6319) to bottle labeled “Dilute Zinc Indicator
Solution”. Cap and mix ingredients in this bottle. Do not leave this bottle
uncapped.
B. DETERMINATION OF ZINC
Press and hold 1. until colorimeter turns on.
ENTER
Press 2.
Select 3. ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 099 Zinc LR) from
TESTING MENU.
Scroll to and select 4. 099 Zinc LR from menu.
Fill a clean tube (0290) to the 10 mL line with the soil extract then neutralize 5.
according to the procedure on page XXX.
Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK. (See Note)6.
Remove tube from colorimeter. Use 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add one measure 7.
of Sodium Ascorbate Powder (6316). Use 0.5 g spoon (0698) to add one
measure of *Zinc Buffer Powder (6315). Cap and shake vigorously for 1
minute. Some undissolved buffer may remain in the bottom of the tube.
Add 3 drops of *Sodium Cyanide, 10% (6565). Cap and mix.8.
Use the 1 mL pipet assembly to add 1 mL of “Dilute Zinc Indicator Solution”. 9.
Cap and mix.
Use a second plain pipet (0352) to add 4 drops of *Formaldehyde Solution, 10.
37% (5128). Cap and mix by inverting 15 times.
Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply result 11.
by 5 to determine the zinc concentration in ppm.
Press 12.
or make another menu selection.
NOTE: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined
to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To
determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled
or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test
on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank.
Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples.
It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of
reagents is obtained.
to select TESTING MENU.
to turn colorimeter off or press
EXIT
to exit to a previous menu
SMART3 Soil 1.11 87
ZINC CONCENTRATION CHART
PARTS PER MILLION RANGE
0-0.5 ppm Low
0.6-1.0 ppm Marginal
1.1-2 ppm Adequate
SMART3 Soil 1.11 88
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