LaMotte SMART 3 Electronic Soil Lab User Manual

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Operator’s Manual

SOIL

Code 1985-04

v2.3• Printed 4.08

61985-04

T ABLE OF CONTENTS

GENERAL INFORMATION

Packaging & Delivery ····································································5 General Precautions ······································································ 5 Safety Precautions ········································································· 5 Limits of Liability ···········································································5 Specifications ·················································································6 Statistical And Technical Definitions

Related To Product Specifications·················································· 7 Contents and Accessories·······························································8 CE Compliance ··············································································9

CHEMICAL TESTING

An Introduction to Colorimetric Analysis ···································· 10 Reagent Blank ···············································································11 Colorimeter Tubes ·········································································11 Meter Care ·····················································································11 Sample Dilution Techniques & Volumetric Measurements ·········· 12 Interferences ··················································································12

OPERATION OF THE SMART 2 COLORIMETER

Overview ·······················································································14 Power Source ··················································································14 Components ·················································································· 15 Quick Start ····················································································16

GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES

The Keypad ···················································································18 The Display & the Menus ····························································· 19 Looping Menus···············································································21

TESTING

Testing Menu ·················································································22 Sequences of Tests ·········································································23 General Testing Procedures ···························································24 Testing With the LaMotte Pre-Programmed Tests ························ 25

EDITING MENU

Edit a Sequence ············································································· 26 Adding or Deleting Tests ·······························································27 Creating a Soil Test Sequence ························································ 30 Calibrating LaMotte Pre-Programmed Tests·································· 34 Setting the Clock············································································37 Turning the Data Logger On and Off············································· 38 Factory Setup ·················································································· 39 Setting the Power Saver Function··················································39

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1/07 3

T ABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.)

PC LINK

Output····························································································40 Computer Connection ···································································40

BATTERY OPERATION

Replacing the Battery ·····································································40

MAINTENANCE

Cleaning ························································································41 Meter Care ·····················································································41 Meter Disposal················································································41

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

Error Messages················································································42 Calibration······················································································42 Helpful Hints··················································································43

WARRANTY

Limitations······················································································43

SMART2REAGENTSYSTEMS

Reagent Systems List ······································································ 44

SOIL TEST INSTRUCTIONS

Electronic Test Methods

pH····························································································47 Lime Requirement - Woodruff Method··································· 47 Soluble Salts (Total Dissolved Salts) ······································· 49

Extraction Procedures

Multiple Test Procedure··························································· 49 Single Test Procedure·······························································49

Neutralization of Soil Extract ·················································· 50 Ammonia-Nitrogen········································································51 Calcium & Magnesium ··································································53 Chloride··························································································57 Copper····························································································59 Iron·································································································61 Manganese······················································································63 Nitrate-Nitrogen ············································································65 Nitrite-Nitrogen ············································································· 69 Phosphorus·····················································································71 Potassium························································································75 Sulfur······························································································77 Zinc·································································································79

4 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

GENERAL INFORMATION

PACKAGING & DELIVERY

Experienced packaging personnel at LaMotte Company assure adequate

protection against normal hazards encountered in transportation of shipments.

After the product leaves the manufacturer, all responsibility for its safe delivery

is assured by the transportation company. Damage claims must be filed

immediately with the transportation company to receive compensation for

damaged goods.

Should it be necessary to return the instrument for repair or servicing, pack

instrument carefully in suitable container with adequate packing material. A

return authorization number must be obtained from LaMotte Company by

calling 1-800-344-3100. Attach a letter with the authorization number to the

shipping carton which describes the kind of trouble experienced. This valuable

information will enable the service department to make the required repairs

more efficiently.

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

Before attempting to set up or operate this instrument it is important to read

the instruction manual. Failure to do so could result in personal injury or

damage to the equipment.

The SMART 2 Colorimeter should not be stored or used in a wet or corrosive

environment. Care should be taken to prevent water or reagent chemicals from

wet colorimeter tubes from entering the colorimeter chamber.

NEVER PUT WET TUBES IN COLORIMETER.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Read labels on all reagent containers. Some labels include precautionary

notices and first aid information. Certain reagents are considered hazardous

and are designated with a * in the instruction manual. To view or print a

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or our

web site. To obtain a printed copy, contact us by e-mail, phone or FAX.

Additional information for all LaMotte reagents is available in the United

States, Canada, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands from Chem-Tel by

calling 1-800-255-3924. For other areas, call 813-248-0585 collect to contact

Chem-Tel’s International access number. Each reagent can be identified by the

four digit number listed on the upper left corner of the reagent label, in the

contents list and in the test procedures.

Keep equipment and reagent chemicals out of the reach of young children.

Protect Yourself and Equipment: Use Proper Analytical Techniques

LIMITS OF LIABILITY

Under no circumstances shall LaMotte Company be liable for loss of life,

property, profits, or other damages incurred through the use or misuse of its

products.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 5

SPECIFICATIONS

INSTRUMENT TYPE: Colorimeter

Readout Graphical 4 line, 16 character per line LCD

Wavelengths 430nm, 520 nm, 570 nm, 620 nm

Wavelength Accuracy ±2nm

Readable Resolution Determined by reagent system

Wavelength Bandwidth 10 nm typical

Photometric Range -2to+2A

Photometric Precision ± 0.001A

Sample Chamber Accepts 25 mm diameter flat-bottomed test tubes

Light Sources 4 LEDs

Detectors 4 silicon photodiodes with integrated interference

filters

Modes Absorbance, pre-programmed tests

Pre-Programmed Tests YES, with automatic wavelength selection

RS232 Port 8 pin mini-DIN, 9600b, 8, 1, n

Power Requirements Battery Operation: 9voltalkaline

Line Operation: 110/220V AC;

50/60 Hz with adapter, 6V 500 mA DC

Dimensions (LxWxH) 8.5 x 16.2 x 16.7 cm, 3.4 x 6.4 x 2.6 inches

Weight 312 g, 11 oz (meter only)

Data Logger 350 test results stored for download to a PC

6 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

STATISTICAL AND TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS RELATED

TO PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

Method Detection Limit (MDL): “The method detection limit (MDL) is

defined as the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured

and reported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater

than zero and is determined from analysis of a sample in a given matrix

containing the analyte.”

almost all cases when dealing with a limit of detection or limit of

determination, the primary purpose of determining that limit is to stay away

from it.’”

1. CFR 40, part 136, appendix B

2. Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and L Vanatta, American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 31.

Precision: Precision is the numerical agreement between two or more measurements.

The precision can be reported as a range for a measurement (difference between the min and max). It can also be reported as the standard deviation or the relative standard deviation. It is a measure of how close together the measurements are, not how close they are to the correct or true value. The precision can be very good and the accuracy very bad. This is a useful

measure of the performance of a test method.

3. Skoog, D.A., W e st, D. M., Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, 2

Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1969, p. 26.

Accuracy: Accuracy is the nearness of a measurement to the accepted or true

value.

The accuracy can be expressed as a range, about the true value, in which a measurement occurs (i.e. ±0.5 ppm). It can also be expressed as the % recovery of a know amount of analyte in a determination of the analyte (i.e.

103.5 %). This is a useful measure and what most customers are interested in when

they want to know about the performance of a test method.

4. Skoog D.A., West D. M., Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, 2

Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1969, p. 26.

Resolution: Resolution is the smallest discernible difference between any two measurements that can be made. places are displayed. (i.e. 0.01). For titrations and various comparators it is the smallest interval the device is calibrated or marked to (i.e. 1 drop = 10 ppm,

0.2 ppm for a DRT, or ±half a unit difference for an octaslide or color chart). Note that the resolution many change with concentration or range. In some cases the resolution may be less than the smallest interval, if it is possible to make a reading that falls between calibration marks. This is often done with various comparators. One caveat is, that resolution has very little relationship to

accuracy or precision. The resolution will always be less than the accuracy or precision but it is not a statistical measure of how well a method of analysis works. The resolution can be very very good and the accuracy and precision can be very, very bad! This is not a useful measure of the performance of a test method.

5. Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and

L Vanatta, American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 34.

Note that, “As Dr. William Horwitz once stated, ‘In

ed.,

For meters this is usually how many decimal

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 7

Sensitivity: Sensitivity is the resolution based on how this term is used in LaMotte catalogs. This term is not listed in any of the references. Sometimes it is used for detection limit. It is a confusing term and should be avoided.

Repeatability: Repeatability is the within-run precision.

A run is a single data set, from set up to clean up. Generally, one run occurs on one day. However, for meter calibrations, a single calibration is considered a single run or data set, even though it may take 2 or 3 days.

6. Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s T extbook of

Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5

ed., Longman Scientific & Technical,

1989, p. 130.

Reproducibility: Reproducibility is the between-run precision.

7. Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s T extbook of

Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5

ed., Longman Scientific & Technical,

1989, p. 130.

CONTENTS AND ACCESSORIES

CONTENTS

SMART 2 Colorimeter

Test Tubes, with Caps

Sample Cell Holder , Universal

Power Supply, 110/220V

Battery Charger

SMART 2 Colorimeter Quick Start Guide

SMART 2 Soil Manual

ACCESSORIES

Small Field Carrying Case Code 1919-GCS150

Large Field Carrying Case Code 1919-BCS440

SMARTLink 2 Program & Interface Cable (3.5 disk)Code 1912-3

SMARTLink 2 Program & Interface Cable (CD) Code 1912-CD

8 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

CE COMPLIANCE

The SMART 2 Colorimeter has earned the European CE Mark of Compliance for electromagnetic compatibility and safety.

DECLARA TION OF CONFORMITY

Standards to which Conformity Declared:

Manufacturer's Name:

Manufacturer's Address:

Type of Equipment:

Model Name:

Year of Manufacture:

Testing Performed By:

I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above

Chestertown, Maryland

Place

EN61326:1998, IEC61326:1997, IEC61000-4-2:1995, IEC61000-4-3:1995 IEC61000-4-4:1995, IEC61000-4-5:1995 IEC61000-4-6:1996, IEC61000-4-11:1994, EN61000-3-2:1995, EN61000-3-3:1994-12, EN55011/CISPR11, FCCCFR47 Part 15, EN61558

LaMotte Company

802 Washington Avenue PO Box 329 Chestertown, MD 21620

Colorimeter

SMART 2

2001

Windermere 2000 Windermere Court Annapolis, MD 21401

conforms to the above Directive and Standards.

Signature

1/15/02

Date

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 9

Scott H. Steffen

Name

VP New Products & Quality

Position

CHEMICAL TESTING

AN INTRODUCTION TO COLORIMETRIC ANALYSIS

Most test substances in water or soil extract are colorless and undetectable to the human eye. T o test for their presence we must find a way to “see” them. The SMART 2 Colorimeter can be used to measure any test substance that is itself colored or can be reacted to produce a color. In fact a simple definition of colorimetry is “the measurement of color” and a colorimetric method is “any technique used to evaluate an unknown color in reference to known colors”. In a colorimetric chemical test the intensity of the color from the reaction must be proportional to the concentration of the substance being tested. Some reactions have limitations or variances inherent to them that may give misleading results. Many such interferences are discussed with each particular test instruction. In the most basic colorimetric method the reacted test sample is visually compared to a known color standard. However, accurate and reproducible results are limited by the eyesight of the analyst, inconsistencies in the light sources, and the fading of color standards.

To avoid these sources of error, a colorimeter can be used to photoelectrically measure the amount of colored light absorbed by a colored sample in reference to a colorless sample (blank).

White light is made up of many different colors or wavelengths of light. A colored sample typically absorbs only one color or one band of wavelengths from the white light. Only a small difference would be measured between white light before it passes through a colored sample versus after it passes through a colored sample. The reason for this is that the one color absorbed by the sample is only a small portion of the total amount of light passing through the sample. However, if we could select only that one color or band of wavelengths of light to which the test sample is most sensitive, we would see a large difference between the light before it passes through the sample and after it passes through the sample.

The SMART 2 Colorimeter passes one of four colored light beams through one of four optical filters which transmits only one particular color or band of wavelengths of light to the photodectector where it is measured. The difference in the amount of colored light transmitted by a colored sample is a measurement of the amount of colored light absorbed by the sample. In most colorimetric tests the amount of colored light absorbed is directly proportional to the concentration of the test factor producing the color and the path length through the sample. However, for some tests the amount of colored light absorbed is inversely proportional to the concentration.

The choice of the correct wavelength for testing is important. It is interesting to note that the wavelength that gives the most sensitivity (lower detection limit) for a test factor is the complementary color of the test sample. For example the Nitrate-Nitrogen test produces a pink color proportional to the nitrate concentration in the sample (the greater the nitrate concentration, the darker the pink color). A wavelength in the green region should be selected to analyze this sample since a pinkish-red solution absorbs mostly green light.

10 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

REAGENT BLANK

Some tests will provide greater accuracy if a reagent blank is determined to compensate for any color or turbidity resulting from the reagents themselves. A reagent blank is performed by running the test procedure on 10 mL of demineralized water. Use sample water to SCAN BLANK. Insert the reagent blank in the colorimeter chamber and select SCAN SAMPLE.Noteresultof reagent blank. Perform the tests on the sample water as described. Subtract results of reagent blank from all subsequent test results. NOTE: Some tests require a reagent blank to be used to SCAN BLANK.

COLORIMETER TUBES

Colorimeter tubes which have been scratched through excessive use should be discarded and replaced with new ones. Dirty tubes should be cleaned on both the inside and outside. Fingerprints on the exterior of the tubes can cause excessive light scattering and result in errors. Handle the tubes carefully, making sure the bottom half of the tube is not handled.

LaMotte Company makes every effort to provide high quality colorimeter tubes. However, wall thicknesses and diameter of tubes may still vary slightly. This may lead to slight variations in results (e.g. if a tube is turned while in the sample chamber, the reading will likely change slightly). To eliminate this error put the tubes into the sample chamber with the same orientation every time.

The tubes that are included with the colorimeter have an index mark to facilitate this. If possible, use the same tube to SCAN BLANK and SCAN SAMPLE.

METER CARE

The optical system of the SMART2 must be kept clean and dry for optimal performance. Dry the colorimeter tubes before placing them in the chamber to avoid introducing moisture. For best results store the instrument in an area that is dry and free from aggressive chemical vapors.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 11

SAMPLE DILUTION TECHNIQUES

& VOLUMETRIC MEASUREMENTS

If a test result using the SMART 2 Colorimeter gives an OVERRANGE message then the sample concentration could be over range or under range. If it is over range, the sample must be diluted. Then the test should be repeated on the diluted sample to obtain a reading which is in the concentration range for the test. (Note: This is not true for colorimetric determination of pH.)

Example:

Measure 5 mL of the water sample into a graduated cylinder. Add demineralized water until the cylinder is filled to the 10 mL line. The sample has been diluted by one-half, and the dilution factor is therefore 2. Perform the test procedure, then multiply the resulting concentration by 2 to obtain the test result.

The following table gives quick reference guidelines on dilutions of various proportions. All dilutions are based on a 10 mL volume, so several dilutions will require small volumes of the water sample. Graduated pipets should be used for all dilutions.

Size of Sample

10 mL 0 mL 1

5mL 5mL 2

2.5 mL 7.5 mL 4 1mL 9mL 10

0.5 mL 9.5 mL 20

Deionized Water to Bring

Volume to 10 mL Multiplication Factor

If the above glassware is not available, dilutions can be made with the colorimeter tube. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample then transfer it to another container. Add 10 mL volumes of demineralized water to the container and mix. T r ansfer back 10 mL of the diluted sample to the tube and follow the test procedure. Continue diluting and testing until a reading, which is in the concentration range for the test, is obtained. Be sure to multiply the concentration found by the dilution factor (the number of total 10 mL volumes used).

Example:

10 mL of sample is diluted with three 10 mL volumes of demineralized water; the dilution factor is four.

INTERFERENCES

LaMotte reagent systems are designed to minimize most common interferences. Each individual test instruction discusses interferences unique to that test. Be aware of possible interferences in the soil extract being tested.

The reagent systems also contain buffers to adjust the soil extract to the ideal pH for the reaction. It is possible that the buffer capacity of the soil extract may exceed the buffer capacity of the reagent system and the ideal pH will not be obtained. If this is suspected, measure the pH of a reacted distilled water

12 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

reagent blank using a pH meter. This is the ideal pH for the test. Measure the pH of a reacted soil extract using the pH meter. If the pH is significantly different from the ideal value, the pH of the sample should be adjusted before testing.

Interferences due to high concentration of the substance being tested, can be overcome by sample dilution (see page 11).

CALIBRATION

As with all pre-calibrated meters, it is highly recommended, even if not required by regulations, that the user periodically verify the performance of the meter by running standards with a predetermined concentration. Results outside of specification are an indication that the meter needs to be adjusted. This can be done following the user calibration described on page 34. If the user calibration fails to properly adjust the meter then the meter should be returned to LaMotte Company for recalibration. (See page 5).

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 13

OPERA TION OF THE SMART 2 COLORIMETER

OVERVIEW

The SMART 2 Colorimeter is a portable, microprocessor controlled, direct reading colorimeter. It has a graphical 4 line, 16 character liquid crystal display for graphical, alphabetical and numerical messages. The operation is controlled with the keypad through menu driven software in response to selections shown on the display.

The test library consists of 100 LaMotte tests (not all 100 may be available at present) and 10 “User Tests”. The LaMotte tests are precalibrated for LaMotte reagent systems. The colorimeter displays the results of these tests directly in units of concentration. The 10 “User Tests” may be used to enter additional calibrations. All of these tests may be arranged in any of 3 sequences. These sequences can be modified a limitless number of times to meet changing testing needs.

The optics feature 4 different colored LEDs. Each LED has a corresponding silicon photodiode with an integrated interference filter. The interference filters select a narrow band of light from the corresponding LED for the colorimetric measurements. The microprocessor automatically selects the correct LED/photodiode combination for a test.

A RS-232 serial port on the back of the colorimeter, and optional software, allows the SMAR T 2 to be interfaced with an IBM compatible personal computer for real time data acquisition and data storage. This port also allows an interface with a RS-232 serial printer.

Due to its portability, alternate power sources, and rugged construction, the SMART 2 Colorimeter is ideal for lab and field use.

POWER SOURCE

The SMART 2 Colorimeter uses a 6V 500 mA AC adapter. Please refer to the Parts List for the code number for the correct adapter.

USE OF ANY AC ADAPTER OTHER THAN THE ONE SPECIFIED FOR USE WITH THE SMART 2 COLORIMETER MAY DAMAGE THE METER AND WILL VOID THE WARRANTY. Do not use the

adapter sold with the original SMART Colorimeter.

To use the adapter, slide the connector pin from the AC adapter into the small hole on the left side of the meter. Plug the AC adapter into an appropriate wall socket or power source.

14 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1/07

COMPONENTS

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the SMART 2 Colorimeter and its components.

T op View

SMART2

••••••••••••••••••

ENTER

OFF EXIT

Lid

Side Views

Bottom View

Serial Number

Battery Compartment

RS232 Serial Port

AC Adapter Socket

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 15

QUICK START

Some quick instructions to get into testing.

Press the ON buttontoturnontheSMART2.The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 2 seconds and then the Start screen appears. Press the Q/ENTER button to start testing.

The MAIN MENU will appear. Press Q/ENTER to select TESTING MENU.

Press Q/ENTER to select All Tests.

Press t or s to move the * to the desired test.

VER 1.0

Smart 2

* Start

MAIN MENU

* Testing Menu

Editing Menu

PC Link

TESTING MENU

* All Tests

Sequence 1

Sequence 2

ALL TESTS

* 001 Alk - UDV

002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia-NLF

Press Q/ENTER to select test.

Insert blank, press Q/ENTER to scan blank.

Continued...

16 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

ALL TESTS

* 015 Chlorine

016 Cl F-UDV

017 Cl Liq-DPD

015 Chlorine

* Scan Blank

The screen will display Blank Done for about 1 second.

015 Chlorine

Blank Done

* Scan Blank

Insert the reacted sample. Press Q/ENTER to scan sample. The SMAR T 2 will scan the sample and display the concentration.

After recording test result, scroll with t or s and make another selection with Q/ENTER.Press EXIT to escape to previous menus.

015 Chlorine

* Scan Sample

015 Chlorine

1.28 ppm

* Scan Sample

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 17

GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES

The operation of the SMART 2 Colorimeter is controlled by a microprocessor. The microprocessor is programmed with menu driven software. A menu is a list of choices. This allows a selection of various tasks for the colorimeter to perform, such as, scan blank, scan sample, and edit test sequences. The keypad is used to make menu selections which are viewed in the display. There are three selections accessible from the MAIN MENU: Testing Menu, Editing Menu and PC Link.

THE KEYP AD

The keypad has 6 buttons which are used to perform specific tasks.

t This button will cause the display to scroll down through a list of

s This button will cause the display to scroll up in a list of menu

ENTER

EXIT

OFF

SAMPLE HOLDERS

The sample chamber is designed for 25 mm round tubes. Additional sample holders for 16 mm COD tubes and for 1 cm square UDV cuvettes are available for the SMAR T 2 Colorimeter.

This button is used to turn the colorimeter on.

menu choices. It will move through a list viewed in the display. It will auto scroll when held down.

choices. It will move through a list viewed in the display. It will auto scroll when held down.

This button is used to select the menu choice adjacent to the “*”in amenuviewedinthedisplay.

This button is an exit or escape button. When pressed, the display will exit from the current menu and go to the previous menu.

This button turns the colorimeter off.

18 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

THE DISPLAY & THE MENUS

The display allows menu selections to be viewed and chosen. These choices instruct the colorimeter to perform specific tasks. The menus are viewed in the display using two general formats which are followed from one menu to the next. Each menu is a list of choices or selections.

There are four lines in the display. The top line in each menu is a title or pertinent instruction. The top line does not change unless a new menu is selected. The second and third lines are used in two ways. One way is to display menu choices. The second way takes advantage of the graphical capabilities of the display. Both lines are used to display important messages, such as test results, in a large, easy to read format. The fourth line is used for menu choices.

DISPLAY

TESTING MENU

* FIRST CHOICE

SECOND CHOICE

ANOTHER

AND ANOTHER

AND SO ON

TITLE or INSTRUCTION

MENU CHOICE WINDOW

Think of the menu choices as a vertical list in the display which moves up or down each time an arrow button is pressed. This list or menu is viewed through a window, the menu choice window, in the display. The menu choice window is the lower 2 or 3 lines of the display. Pushing the arrow buttons brings another portion of the menu into menu choice window. This is referred to as scrolling through the menu.

TESTING MENU

* FIRST CHOICE SECOND CHOICE ANOTHER

SECOND CHOICE * ANOTHER AND ANOTHER

ANOTHER AND ANOTHER * AND SO ON

AND ANOTHER AND SO ON LAST CHOICE

AND SO ON LAST CHOICE

LAST CHOICE

TESTING MENU

An asterisk, “*”, will start in the far left position of the top line in the menu choice window. As the menu is scrolled through, different choices appear next to the “*”. The “*” in the display corresponds with the Q/ENTER button. Pushing the Q/ENTER button selects the menu choice which is adjacent to the “*” in the menu choice window.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 19

The second general format of the display takes advantage of the graphics capabilities of the display. The top line of the display is still a title line. The middle two lines of the display are used to display important messages, results or graphics in a large, easy to read format. The menus work in the same way as described previously but only one line of the menu is visible at the bottom of the display.

TESTING MENU

Result or Message Result or Message Result or Message

* ANOTHER * AND ANOTHER *AND SO ON

AND ANOTHER AND SO ON LAST CHOICE

AND SO ON LAST CHOICE

LAST CHOICE

As described previously, the EXIT button allows an exit or escape from the current menu and a return to the previous menu. This allows a rapid exit from an inner menu to the main menu by repeatedly pushing the EXIT button. Pushing OFF at any time will turn the colorimeter off.

20 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

LOOPING MENUS

Long menus, such as All Tests, incorporate a looping feature which allow the user to quickly reach the last choice in the menu from the first choice. In a looping menu the last choices in the menu are above the first choice and scrolling upward moves through the menu in reverse order. Scrolling downward moves through the menu from first choice to last but the menu starts over following the last choice. So all menu choices can be reached by scrolling in either direction. The diagrams below demonstrate a looping menu.

AND SO ON AND ANOTHER ANOTHER

: : : AND SO ON AND ANOTHER

: : : : : : AND SON ON

THIRD TO LAST : : : : : :

SECOND TO LAST THIRD TO LAST : : :

LAST CHOICE SECOND TO LAST THIRD TO LAST

TESTING MENU

* FIRST CHOICE * LAST CHOICE *SECOND TO LAST

SECOND CHOICE FIRST CHOICE LAST CHOICE

ANOTHER SECOND CHOICE FIRST CHOICE

AND ANOTHER ANOTHER SECOND CHOICE

AND SO ON AND ANOTHER ANOTHER

: : : AND SO ON AND ANOTHER

: : : : : : AND SO ON

LAST CHOICE : : : : : :

TESTING MENU

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 21

TESTING

TESTING MENU

The Testing Menu is used to run all LaMotte pre-programmed tests, USER TESTS and Absorbance test at one of four wavelengths. Testing from any of

three sequences can also be done.

Press ON to turn on the SMART 2 Colorimeter. The LaMotte logo will appear for about 2 seconds and the the Start screen appears. Press Q/ENTER to begin testing.

The MAIN MENU will appear. Press Q/ENTER to select Testing Menu.

Scroll with t or s and make a selection with Q/ENTER. All Tests lists all the available tests. The three sequences have selected tests and Absorbance lists %T/ABS tests.

VER 1.0

Smart 2

* Start

MAIN MENU

* Testing Menu

Editing Menu

PC Link

TESTING MENU

* All Tests

Sequence 1

Sequence 2

Sequence 3

Absorbance

22 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

SEQUENCES OF TESTS

SEQUENCE 1, SEQUENCE 2,andSEQUENCE 3 are alterable sequences. They may be edited using the Editing Menu. Any of the LaMotte pre-programmed tests or User Tests may be placed in these sequences in whatever testing order that is preferred. Some examples of typical sequences are given below.

SEQUENCE 1 SEQUENCE 2 SEQUENCE 3

* 015 Chlorine * 002 Aluminum * 003 Ammonia-N LF

079 Phosphate H 035 Cyanide 032 Cu-DDC

009 Bromine-LR 041 Fluoride 064 Nitrate-N L

076 pH TB 053 Iron Phen 067 Nitrite-N L

061 Moly-HR 055 Manganese L 074 pH CPR

086 Silica Hi 064 Nitrate-N L 078 Phosphate L

045 Hydrazine 067 Nitrite-N L 085 Silica Lo

032 Cu-DDC 077 Phenol

051 Iron Bipyr 078 Phosphate L

090 Sulfide-LR

These alterable sequences allow a series of tests to be setup that are run frequently. The order of the individual tests in the sequence is determined by the user. After running a test, use t to scroll to the next test and press Q/ENTER to select the next test in the sequence. Continue this pattern until the entire sequence has been completed.

All Tests is a fixed sequence containing the LaMotte pre-programmed tests, User Tests, and Absorbance tests.

Modification of the alterable sequences is accomplished through the Editing Menu. This menu is explained in greater detail in EDITING MENU (p. 25).

Pressing the EXIT button while in a sequence menu will escape back to the

Testing Menu.

Pressing the OFF button at any time will turn the colorimeter off.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 23

GENERAL TESTING PROCEDURES

The following are some step by step examples of how to run tests from the Testing Menu. These test procedures are designed to be used with LaMotte SMART Reagent Systems.

TESTING WITH THE LaMOTTE

PRE-PROGRAMMED TESTS

Press ON to turn on the SMART 2 Colorimeter. The LaMotte logo will appear for about 2 seconds and then the Start screen appears. Press Q/ENTER to start testing.

The MAIN MENU will appear. Press Q/ENTER to select Testing Menu.

Press Q/ENTER to select All Tests.

Press t to scroll to 002 Aluminum.

VER 1.0

Smart2

* Start

MAIN MENU

* Testing Menu

Editing Menu

PC Link

TESTING MENU

* All Tests

Sequence 1

Sequence 2

ALL TESTS

* 001 Alk - UDV

002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia-N LF

Press Q/ENTER to select 002 Aluminum.

Continued...

24 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

ALL TESTS

* 002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia-N LF

004 Ammonia-N LS

The SMART 2 Colorimeter is ready to scan at the correct wavelength. Place the blank in the sample chamber, close the lid and press Q/ENTER to scan blank.

NOTE: Do not keep the button depressed.

002 Aluminum

* Scan Blank

The screen will display Blank Done for about 1 second. Scan Sample will be positioned next to *.

Place the reacted sample in the chamber, close the lid and press Q/ENTER to scan sample. The colorimeter will scan the sample and the results screen will appear.

Record test result. To repeat the test, press Q/ENTER to scan the sample again. The last blank scanned is used to zero the colorimeter for repeated scans. A different blank can be used by pressing s to scroll back to Scan Blank and then scanning another blank. Scroll with the t or s buttons and make another selection with the Q/ENTER button. The%TorAbsorbanceofthelasttestcanbeviewed by choosing %T/Abs.PressEXIT to escape to previous menus.

NOTE: The menus loop in this screen so either the s or t buttons will lead to the menu selection needed.

002 Aluminum

Blank Done

* Scan Blank

002 Aluminum

* Scan Sample

002 Aluminum

0.09 ppm

* Scan Blank

Next Test

Previous Test

%/Abs

Scan Blank

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 25

EDITING MENU

The EDITING MENU allows the user to edit sequences, edit user tests, set the clock, edit the logging function, and set the power saving function.

EDIT A SEQUENCE

The EDIT SEQUENCE menu allows three alterable test sequences (SEQUENCE 1, SEQUENCE 2,andSEQUENCE 3) to be edited.

Press ON to turn on the SMART 2 Colorimeter. The LaMotte logo will appear for about 2 seconds and then the Start screen appears. Press Q/ENTER

to start testing.

The Main Menu will appear. Press t to scroll to Editing Menu.

Press Q/ENTER to select Editing Menu.

The Editing Menu appears. Press Q/ENTER to

select Editing Sequence.

VER 1.0

Smart2

*START

MAIN MENU

Testing Menu

* Editing Menu

PC Link

MAIN MENU

*Editing Menu

PC Link

EDITING MENU

* Edit Sequence

Edit User Test

Set Clock

The Edit Sequence menu appears. Press Q/ENTER to scroll to select Edit Sequence 1.

Continued...

26 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

EDIT SEQUENCE

*Edit Sequence 1

Edit Sequence 2

Edit Sequence 3

Sequence 1 appears.

ADDING OR DELETING TESTS

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*015 Chlorine

079 Phosphate H

009 Bromine-LR

There are three ways to alter a sequence: Insert Before, Insert After, and Delete. Insert Before adds a new test to the sequence before the selected test. Insert After adds a new test to the sequence after the selected test. Delete is used to remove an existing test from a sequence.

Below is a step by step example of how to add a test to SEQUENCE 1 starting from the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu.

Press t to scroll to 009 Bromine-LR.

Press Q/ENTER to select 009 Bromine-LR.

Press Q/ENTER to select Insert Before.

The ALL TESTS menu appears. Press t to move

to 002 Aluminum.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

015 Chlorine

079 Phosphate H

* 009 Bromine-LR

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* 009 Bromine-LR

076 pH TB

060 Moly-LR

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* Insert Before

Insert After

Delete

ALL TESTS

* 002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia-N LF

004 Ammonia-N LS

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 27

Press Q/ENTER to select 002 Aluminum.

ALL TESTS

* 002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia-N LF

004 Ammonia-N LS

Sequence 1 appears in EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu and 002 Aluminum is now before Bromine-LR in the sequence. All changes to Sequence 1 are automatically saved. Press the EXIT button to exit the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu and return to the EDIT SEQUENCE menu or continue editing.

The EDIT SEQUENCE menu appears. Select another sequence to edit or press EXIT to return to the

EDITING MENU.PressEXIT again to return the the MAIN MENU.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* 015 Chlorine

079 Phosphate H

002 Aluminum

009 Bromine-LR

076 pH TB

060 Moly-LR

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* Edit Sequence 1

Edit Sequence 2

Edit Sequence 3

Below is a step by step example of how to delete a test from SEQUENCE 1 starting from the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu. The test 002 Aluminum, added in the previous example, will be deleted.

Press t to scroll to 002 Aluminum.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* 015 Chlorine

079 Phosphate H

002 Aluminum

009 Bromine-LR

076 pH TB

060 Moly-LR

Press Q/ENTER to select 002 Aluminum.

28 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* 002 Aluminum

009 Bromine-LR

076 pH TB

Press t to scroll to Delete.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* Insert Before

Insert After

Delete

Press Q/ENTER to select Delete.

Sequence 1 appears in the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu and 002 Aluminum has been deleted. All changes to SEQUENCE 1 are automatically saved.

Press EXIT to exit the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu and return to the EDIT SEQUENCE menu or continue editing.

The EDIT SEQUENCE menu appears. Select another sequence to edit or press EXIT to return to the

EDITING MENU.PressEXIT again to return the the MAIN MENU.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* Delete

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* 015 Chlorine

079 Phosphate H

009 Bromine-LR

076 pH TB

060 Moly-LR

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* Edit Sequence 1

Edit Sequence 2

Edit Sequence 3

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 29

CREATING A SOIL TEST SEQUENCE

To create a testing sequence specifically for the reagent systems in the SMART 2 Soil Manual follow the step by step example below. After current stored sequence has been cleared of previous tests, the soil tests will be entered. Tests in the soil sequence will appear in the order that they are listed in the manual.

Start from the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu and delete all of the existing tests in the menu by following the example below.

Press Q/ENTER to select 015 Chlorine.

Press t to scroll to Delete.

Press Q/ENTER to select Delete.

Sequence 1 appears in the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu and 015 Chlorine has been deleted. All changes to Sequence 1 are automatically saved. Press

Q/ENTER to select 079 Phosphate H.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* 015 Chlorine

079 Phosphate H

009 Bromine-LR

076 pH-TB

060 Moly-LR

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* Insert Before

Insert After

Delete

ALL TESTS

* Delete

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* 079 Phosphate H

009 Bromine-LR

076 pH TB

060 Moly-LR

086 Silica Hi

Continued....

30 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

Press t to scroll to Delete.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* Insert Before

Insert After

Delete

Press Q/ENTER to select Delete.

Sequence 1 appears in the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu and 079 Phosphate H has been deleted. All changes to Sequence 1 are automatically saved. Press

Q/ENTER to select 009 Bromine-LR. Delete 009 Bromine-LR and all other tests in Sequence 1. When all tests have been deleted the ADD TEST TO SEQ menu will be displayed.

Add a test to Sequence 1 as follows.

Press Q/ENTER to select Continue.

ALL TESTS

* Delete

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* 009 Bromine-LR

076 pH TB

060 Moly-LR

086 Silica Hi

045 Hydrazine

ADD TEST TO SEQ

* Continue

The ALL TESTS menu appears. Press s to move to 099 Zinc-LR.

Press Q/ENTER to select 099 Zinc-LR.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 31

ALL TESTS

* 001 Alk - UDV

002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia-N LF

ALL TESTS

* 099 Zinc-LR

100 Zinc-HR

101 Abs 430

Sequence 1 appears in the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu and 099 Zinc-LR is now in Sequence 1. All changes to Sequence 1 are automatically saved. Press

Q/ENTER to select 099 Zinc-LR.

ALL TESTS

* 099 Zinc-LR

Press Q/ENTER to select Insert Before.

The ALL TESTS menu appears. Press s to move to 089 Sulfate-HR.

Press Q/ENTER to select 089 Sulfate-HR.

Sequence 1 appears in the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu and 089 Sulfate-HR is now in Sequence 1. Press Q/ENTER to select 089 Sulfate-HR.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* Insert Before

Insert After

Delete

ALL TESTS

* 001 Alk - UDV

002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia-N LF

ALL TESTS

* 089 Sulfate-HR

090 Sulfate-LR

091 Sulfide-HR

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* 089 Sulfate-HR

099 Zinc-LR

Press Q/ENTER to select Insert Before.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* Insert Before

Insert After

Delete

Continued....

32 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

The ALL TESTS menu appears. Press s to move to 081 Potassium.

ALL TESTS

* 001 Alk - UDV

002 Aluminum

003 Ammonia-N LF

Press Q/ENTER to select 081 Potassium.

ALL TESTS

* 081 Potassium

082 QAC

083 SDMBT

Continue following this procedure to insert the remaining tests in this order:

089 Phosphate L, 064 Nitrate-N L, 067 Nittrite-N L, 056 Manganese L, 051 Iron Bipyr, 032 Cu DDC,and005 Ammonia-N H.

Sequence 1 appears in the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu and all the tests have been added. All changes to Sequence 1 are automatically saved.

Press EXIT to exit the EDIT SEQUENCE 1 menu and return to the EDIT SEQUENCE menu.

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

* 005 Ammonia-N H

032 Cu DDC

051 Iron Bipyr

056 Manganese

064 Nitrate-N L

067 Nitrite-N L

078 Phosphate L

081 Potassium

089 Sulfate - HR

099 Zinc - LR

The EDIT SEQUENCE menu appears. Select anothersequencetoeditorpressEXIT to return to the EDITING MENU.PressEXIT again to return to the MAIN MENU.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 33

EDIT SEQUENCE

* Edit Sequence 1

Edit Sequence 2

Edit Sequence 3

CALIBRATING LaMOTTE PRE-PROGRAMMED TESTS

The LaMotte Pre-Programmed Tests have been pre-calibrated. Recalibration of the pre-programmed tests by the user is not possible. However, a procedure to standardize the calibration can be performed to obtain the most accurate readings or to meet regulatory requirements.

The LaMotte Pre-Programmed tests are standardized with one standard solution. To standardize over the full range of the test, the concentration of the standard should be chosen from the high end of the range. Alternatively , if samples do not cover the full range of the test, a standard should be chosen that is close to the concentration of the samples.

For the SMAR T 2 Soil colorimeter, the standard should be prepared in distilled or deionized water for the range of the reagent system before the multiplication factor has been applied to the reading on the display. The following standards are recommended to standardize over the full range of the tests:

Ammonia Nitrogen 3.00 ppm Ammonia Nitrogen

Copper 4.00 ppm Copper

Iron 4.00 ppm Iron

Manganese 11.00 ppm Manganese

Nitrate Nitrogen 2.00 ppm Nitrate Nitrogen

Nitrite Nitrogen 0.60 ppm Nitrite Nitrogen

Phosphorus 2.00 ppm Phosphate

Potassium 7.00 ppm Potassium

Sulfur 75 ppm Sulfate

Zinc 2.00 ppm Zinc

The standardization procedure should be followed as often as required by regulations and laws for compliance monitoring.

In the example below the Aluminum calibration will be standardized.

Prepare a standard solution to be tested. Use 0.10 ppm aluminum.

Use the s or t button to scroll to 002 Aluminum.

002 Aluminum

Follow instructions in the SMART2 Manual for testing the aluminum standard. Scan the blank.

SEQUENCE 3

* Scan Blank

Continued...

34 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

The screen will display Blank Done for about 1 second. Scan Sample will be positioned next to *.

002 Aluminum

Blank Done

* Scan Sample

Place the reacted sample in the chamber, close the lid and press Q/ENTER to scan sample. The result will be displayed.

The displayed result can now be standardized. Use the s or t buttons to scroll to Calibrate.Press Q/ENTER to select.

A reverse font (dark background with light characters) will appear to indicate that the reading can be adjusted. Use s or t to scroll to the concentration of the sample, 0.10 ppm in this example.

002 Aluminum

* Scan Sample

002 Aluminum

0.09 ppm

* Scan Sample

Next Test

Previous Test

%T/Abs

Calibrate

Scan Blank

002 Alumninum

0.09

* Calibrate

Set the calibration by pressing Q/ENTER to select Calibrate.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 35

002 Aluminum

0.10

* Calibrate

Two menu choices will be offered, Set Calibration and Factory Setting.Setthe calibration by pressing Q/ENTER to select Set Calibration;oruses or t to scroll to and select Factory Setting to revert to the factory

calibration.

The meter will display the message “Storing”and return to 002 Aluminum test.

002 Aluminum

0.10

* Set Calibration

Factory Setting

Storing

The calibration for 002 Aluminum has now been standardized and can be used for testing. The standardization can be removed by repeating the calibration and selecting Factory Setting.

002 Aluminum

* Scan Sample

Next Test

Previous Test

%/Abs

Calibrate

Scan Blank

36 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

SETTING THE CLOCK

Setting the clock allows the correct time and date stamp to be stored with each reading in the data logger and with each reading sent out the serial port.

From the EDITING MENU use t to scroll to Set Clock.PressQ/ENTER to select.

The current date and time are displayed as month day-yearonthefirstlineandashours:minutes: seconds on the second line. A two-digit number is displayed for each setting. Use t and s to scroll to the appropriate number and press Q/ENTER to select. The cursor will move to the next digit. Set all subsequent numbers in the same manner. Selecting thefinaldigitinthesecondsfieldstoresthedateand time and returns to the EDITING MENU.

NOTE: These are looping menus.

EDITING MENU

* Edit Sequences

Edit User Test

Set Clock

Editing Logging

Factory Setup

Set PWR Save

SET TIME

MM-DD-YY

HH:MM:SS

EDITING MENU

* Set Clock

Editing Logging

Factory Setup

Set PWR Save

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 37

TURNING THE DAT A LOGGER ON AND OFF

The default setting for the datalogger is “Enabled” or turned off. If there is no need for data logging, this setting is suggested. If data logging is needed, the data logger can be “Enabled” or turned on.

From the EDITING MENU use t to scroll to Edit Logging.PressQ/ENTER to select.

The current setting is always displayed next to the *. To change the setting, use t or s to scroll to the other setting. Press Q/ENTER to select.

The meter will display the message “Storing”and return to the EDITING MENU.

EDITING MENU

* Edit Sequences

Edit User Test

Set Clock

Editing Logging

Factory Setup

Set PWR Save

EDIT LOGGING

* Enabled

Disabled

Storing

EDITING MENU

* Editing Logging

Factory Setup

Set PWR Save

38 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

FACTORY SETUP

The Factory Setup menu is used in the manufacturing of the SMART 2 Colorimeter. This menu is not for use by the operator in the field.

SETTING THE POWER SAVING FUNCTION

The SMART 2 Colorimeter has a power saving function that turns the meter off after an interval of inactivity. If no buttons have been pressed during that interval the meter will turn itself off. This interval can be disabled or set for 5, 15, 30 or 60 minutes. The default setting is 5 minutes.

From the EDITING MENU use t to scroll to Set PWR Save. Press Q/ENTER to select.

The current setting is always displayed next to the *. To change the setting, use t or s to scroll to the appropriate setting. Press Q/ENTER to select.

The meter will display the message “Storing”and return to the EDITING MENU.

EDITING MENU

* Edit Sequences

Edit User Test

Set Clock

Editing Logging

Factory Setup

Set PWR Save

Disabled

AUTO SHUTOFF

* 5 Minutes

15 Minutes

30 Minutes

60 Minutes

Storing

EDITING MENU

* Set PWR Save

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 39

PC LINK

The SMART 2 Colorimeter may be interfaced with any Windows-based computer by using the LaMotte SMARTLink2 Program and Interface Cable (Order Code 1912-3 [3.5 disk] or 1912-CD [compact disk]). The program stores customer information and test data in a database. It can be used to download data stored in the SMART 2 datalogger for each test site.

The colorimeter may also be interfaced with an RS-232 serial printer, using an interface cable (Order Code 1772) and setting the printer configuration to the Output as described below.

Choose PC Link from the Main Menu. The user can download the entire datalogging buffer. Downloading does not delete or empty the datalogger.

OUTPUT

RS-232 compatible, asynchronous serial, 9600 baud, no parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit.

COMPUTER CONNECTION

RS-232 interface connection, 8 pin mini-DIN/9 pin F D-submin. (Order Code

1772).

BA TTERY OPERATION

The colorimeter may be run on battery power or AC using the AC adapter . If using the meter as a benchtop unit, keep it plugged in if possible. If used on only battery power, always have a spare battery on hand.

If the battery power is low, the SMART 2 will display “LOW BATT” and turn off.

REPLACING THE BATTERY

The SMART 2 Colorimeter uses a standard 9-volt alkaline battery that is available worldwide. The battery compartment is located on the bottom of the the case.

To replace the battery:

1. Open the battery compartment lid.

2. Remove the battery and disconnect the battery from the polarized plug.

3. Carefully connect the new battery to the polarized plug and insert it into the

compartment.

4. Close the battery compartment lid.

40 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

LOW BATT

MAINTENANCE

CLEANING

Clean with a damp, lint-free cloth.

DO NOT ALLOW WATER TO ENTER THE COLORIMETER CHAMBER OR ANY OTHER PARTS OF THE METER.

METER CARE

METER DISPOSAL

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)

Natural resources were used in the production of this equipment. This equipment may contain materials that are hazardous to health and the environment. To avoid harm to the environment and natural resources, the use of appropriate take-back systems is recommended. The crossed out wheeled bin symbol on the meter encourages you to use these systems when disposing of this equipment.

Take-back systems will allow the materials to be reused or recycled in a way that will not harm the environment. For more information on approved collection, reuse, and recycling systems contact your local or regional waste administration or recycling service.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 41

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

ERROR MESSAGES

OVER RANGE

If the message OVERRANGE is displayed when scanning a sample, the sample may be over range or under range. If the sample is over range the sample should be diluted and tested again (see Sample Dilution Techniques and Volumetric Measurements, p. 11).

If OVERRANGE is displayed, press Q/ENTER to continue testing on diluted samples.

BLANK

If the message Blank? is displayed when scanning a sample, the sample had a lower reading than the blank. Review test procedure to determine whether a reagent blank is required.Visually check for color development in reacted sample. Repeat test if necessary.

If Blank? is displayed, press the Q/ENTER button to continue. Check to see if the meter was blanked properly.

CALIBRATION

015 Chlorine

OVERRANGE

* Continue

002 Aluminum

Blank?

* Continue

42 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

HELPFUL HINTS

STRAY LIGHT

The SMART 2 Colorimeter should have no problems with stray light. Make sure that the sample compartment lid is always fully closed.

WARRANTY

This Instrument is guaranteed to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of two (2) years from the original purchase date. In the event that a defect is found during the warranty time frame, LaMotte Company agrees that it will be repaired or replaced without charge except for the transportation costs. This guarantee does not cover batteries.

This product can not be returned without a return authorization number from LaMotte Company. For warranty support or a Return Authorization Number, contact LaMotte Company at 1-800-344-3100 or tech@lamotte.com.

LIMITA TIONS

This guarantee is void under the following circumstances:

• Damage due to operator negligence, misuse, accident or improper application.

• Damage or alterations from attempted repairs by an unauthorized (non-LaMotte) service.

• Damage due to improper power source, AC adapter or battery.

• Damage caused by acts of God or natural disaster.

• Damage occurred while in transit with a shipping carrier.

LaMotte Company will service and repair out-of-warranty products at a nominal charge.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 43

SMART2 COLORIMETER REAGENT SYSTEMS

This SMART2 Colorimeter contains calibrations for pre-programmed LaMotte SMART reagent systems for water testing as well as the pre-programmed soil tests included in this lab. A SMART2 manual (Code 1919-MN) and appropriate reagent systems and chamber adapters are required to perform the water test procedures. Call LaMotte Technical Services at 800-344-3100 (410-778-3100 outside the USA) or email tech@lamotte.com for a current list of available calibrations.

REAGENT SYSTEMS LIST

Test Factor (Test #)

Alkalinity-UDV (1) 0–200 Unit Dose Vials (1) 50 Aluminum (2) 0.00–0.30 Eriochrome Cyanine R (4) 50 Ammonia Nitrogen-

Low Range, Fresh Water (3) Ammonia Nitrogen-

Low Range, Salt Water (4) Ammonia Nitrogen-

High Range (5) Benzotriazole (10) 0-30 UV Photolysis (4) 50 Biguanide (7) 0–70 Colorimetric 50 Boron (8) 0.00–0.80 Azomethine-H (2) 50 Bromine-Low Range (9) 0.00–9.00 DPD (2) 100 Bromine-UDV (11) 0.0–22.0 DPD (1) 50 Cadmium (12) 0.00–1.00 PAN (4) 50 Ca & Mg Hardness-UDV (13) 10–500 Unit Dose Vials (1) 50 Carbohydrazide (14) 0.000–0.900 Iron Reduction (3) 100 Chloride-TesTab (21) 0.0–30.0 Argentometric (1) 50 Chlorine (15) 0.00–4.00 DPD (3) 100 Chlorine-Free-UDV (16) 0.00–10.00 DPD (1) 50 Chlorine-Liquid DPD (17) 0.00–4.00 DPD (3) 144 Chlorine-Total-UDV (18) 0.00–10.00 DPD (1) 50 Chlorine Dioxide (20) 0.00–8.00 DPD Glycine (2) 100 Chromium (22) 0.00–1.00 Diphenylcarbohydrazide (1) or (5) 100 Chromium-TesTab (23) 0.00–1.00 Diphenylcarbohydrazide (1) 50 Cobalt (24) 0.00–2.00 PAN (3) 50 COD-Low Range (25) 5–150 Digestion (1) 25 COD-Standard Range (26) 0-1500 Digestion (1) 25 COD-High Range (27) 0–15000 Digestion (1) 25 Color (28) 0–1000 Platinum Cobalt (0) ¥ Copper-BCA-Low Range (29) 0.00–3.50 Bicinchoninic Acid (1) 50 Copper-Cuprizone (31) 0.00–2.00 Cuprizone (2) 50 Copper-DDC (32) 0.00–6.00 Diethyldithiocarbamate (1) 50 Copper-UDV (33) 0.0–4.0 Bicinchoninic Acid (1) 50

Range (ppm) Test Method (# of Reagents)

0.00–1.00 Salicylate (3) 25

0.00–4.00 Nesslerization (2) 50

#of

Tests

44 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

Test Factor (Test #)

Range (ppm) Test Method (# of Reagents)

#of

Tests

Cyanide (35) 0.00–0.50 Pyridine-Barbituric Acid (5) 50 Cyanuric Acid (36) 5–200 Melamine (1) 100 Cyanuric Acid-UDV (37) 5–150 Melamine (1) 50 DEHA (38) 0.000–0.700 Iron Reduction (3) 100 Dissolved Oxygen (39) 0.0–11.0 Winkler Colorimetric (3) 100 Erythorbic Acid (40) 0.00–3.00 Iron Reduction (3) 100 Fluoride (41) 0.00–2.00 SPADNS (2) 50 Hardness-TesTab (44) 0–500 TesTab (1) 50 Hardness (Total) UDV (13) 15-400 Unit Dose Vial (1) 50 Hydrazine (45) 0.00–1.00 P-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (2) 50 Hydrogen Peroxide-

0.00–1.50 DPD (2) 100

Low Range (46) Hydrogen Peroxide-

0–60 DPD (2) 50

High Range (47) Hydrogen Peroxide-Shock

0–225 DPD (2) 100

(48) Hydroquinone (49) 0.00–2.00 Iron Reduction (3) 100 Iodine (50) 0.00–14.00 DPD (2) 100 Iron-Bipyridyl (51) 0.00–6.00 Bipyridyl (2) 50 Iron-UDV (52) 0.00–10.00 Bipyridyl (1) 50 Iron-Phenanthroline (53) 0.00–5.00 1,10 Phenanthroline (2) 50 Lead (54) 0.00–5.00 PAR (5) 50 Manganese-Low Range (55) 0.00–0.70 PAN (3) 50 Manganese-High Range (56) 0.0–15.0 Periodate (2) 50 Mercury (57) 0.00–1.50 TMK (3) 50 Methylethylketoxime (58) 0.00–3.00 Iron Reduction (3) 100 Molybdenum-High Range

0.0–50.0 Thioglycolate (3) 50

(61) Nickel (63) 0.00–8.00 Dimethylglyoxime (6) 50 Nitrate Nitrogen-

0.00–3.00 Cadmium Reduction (2) 20

Low Range (64) Nitrate-TesTab (66) 0.0–60.0 Zinc Reduction (1) 50 Nitrite Nitrogen-

0.00–0.80 Diazotization (2) 20

Low Range (67) Nitrite-TesTab (69) 0.00–1.25 Diazotization (1) 50 Nitrogen, Total (70) 0–25 mg/L Chromotropic Acid/Digestion (6) 25 Oxygen Scanvengers various DEHA (3) 50 Ozone-Low Range (72) 0.00–0.40 Indigo Trisulfonate (3) 100 Ozone-High Range (73) 0.00–2.50 Indigo Trisulfonate (3) 20 pH-Chlorophenol Red (75) 5.0–6.8 Chlorophenol Red (1) 100 pH-Phenol Red (76) 6.6–8.4 Phenol Red (1) 100 pH-Thymol Blue (77) 8.0–9.6 Thymol Blue (1) 100 Phenol (78) 0.00–6.00 Aminoantipyrine (3) 50 Phosphate-Low Range (79) 0.00–3.00 Ascorbic Acid Reduction (2) 50 Phosphate-High Range (80) 0.0–70.0 Vanodomolybdphosphoric Acid (1) 50

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 45

Test Factor (Test #)

Phosphorus, Total

Range (ppm) Test Method (# of Reagents)

0.00–3.50 mg/L Ascorbic Acid/Digestion (5) 25

#of

Tests

Low-Range (81) Phosphorus, Total

0.0–100.0 mg/L Molybdovanadate/Digestion (5) 25

High-Range (82) Potassium (82) 0.0–10.0 Tetraphenylboron (2) 100 Silica-Low Range (86) 0.0–4.0 Heteropoly Blue (4) 50 Silica-High Range (87) 0–75 Silicomolybdate (3) 50 Sulfate-High Range (90) 5–100 Barium Chloride (1) 50 Sulfide-Low Range (91) 0.00–1.50 Methylene Blue (3) 50 Surfactants (95) 0.0–8.0 Bromphenol Blue (3) 50 Tannin (97) 0.0–10.0 Tungsto-molybdophosphoric Acid

(2) Tolytriazole (10) 0–30 UV Photolysis (4) 50 Turbidity (99) 0–400 FTU Absorption (0) ¥ Zinc-Low Range (100) 0.00–3.00 Zincon (6) 50 On the meter display, “NA” following the test number indicates that a calibration for that

test number is not available.

46 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

SMART

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

SOIL TEST

INSTRUCTIONS

SOIL

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 47

48 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

ELECTRONIC TEST METHODS

PROCEDURE

1. Use the 10 g Soil Measure (1164) to add one level measure of the soil

sample to a 50 mL beaker (0944). Use the graduated cylinder (0416) to add 10 mL of deionized water. Stir thoroughly.

2. Let stand for at least 30 minutes, stirring two or three times.

3. Stir mixture just prior to making the pH reading. Determine the pH

reading of the sample by following the instructions for the pH Meter.

LIME REQUIREMENT WOODRUFF METHOD

PROCEDURE

1. Use the 10 g Soil Measure (1164) to add one level measure of the soil

sample to a 50 mL beaker (0944). Use the graduated cylinder (0416) to add 10 mL of deionized water. Stir thoroughly.

2. Letstandforatleast15minutes.

3. Add 20 mL of Woodruff Buffer Solution (5272). Mix well, and let stand for

at least 20 minutes, stirring two or three times.

4. Take reading using the pH meter. Stir mixture just prior to making reading.

5. Each 0.1 pH unit drop from pH 7.0 indicates a lime requirement equivalent

to 1000 lbs calcium carbonate (CaCO

)/acre.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 4.08 49

SOLUBLE SALTS (TOT AL DISSOL VED SAL TS)

Most plants will get along well at soluble salts concentrations of below 1000 parts per million. However, greenhouse and many sensitive garden plants may be damaged if the soluble salts are over 500 parts per million of chlorides, particularly some of the most sensitive legumes. If the soluble salts are greater that 1000 parts per million, the chlorides and sulfates should be determined to learn whether the soluble salts are chlorides or sulfates. In calcareous soils, the sulfates represent gypsum and have little effect on the production of plants.

PROCEDURE

1. Fill a 50 mL beaker (0944) with the soil to be tested, tapping it lightly to

eliminate any trapped air and then strike off the surface.

2. Empty the contents of the beaker into the 300 mL bottle (0991). Add

100 mL of deionized water.

3. Capthebottleandshakevigorously.Allowtostandforthirtyminutes.

Duringthethirtyminutewaitingperiodthebottleshouldbeshaken vigorously three or four times.

4. Filter the contents of the bottle using funnel (0459) and filter paper (0463)

and collect the filtrate in a 100 mL bottle (0990) which is then used as a conductivity chamber.

5. Determine the TDS reading of the sample by following the instructions for

the TDS 5 Meter.

6. To convert conductivity to Soluble Salts (Total Dissolved Solids), use the

following formula.

ppm Soluble Solids (Total Dissolved Solids) =

Micromhos/cm @ 25°Cx0.7

50 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

EXTRACTION PROCEDURE

The following method of extraction is employed for obtaining the soil filtrate for the tests for Nitrate Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Ammonia Nitrogen, Nitrite Nitrogen, Manganese, Copper, Zinc, and Iron. Separate extractions are required for the Chloride and Sulfate tests. Consult the LaMotte Soil Handbook (1504) for information on sampling and preparation of sample for testing.

MULTIPLE TEST PROCEDURE

1. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 5 mL of *Acid Extracting Solution (6361)

to the 100 mL graduated cylinder (0419). Add deionized water to 75 mL graduation.

2. Pour this solution into the 100 mL bottle (0990).

3. Use the Soil Measure (1165) to add 15 g (one level measure) of the soil

sample to the bottle.

4. Capthebottleandshakefor5minutes.

5. Use the funnel (0459) and filter paper (0463) to filter and collect all of the

soil extract in a 100 mL bottle (0990).

6. The soil extract is used for all of the tests listed above, except Chloride and

Sulfate.

SINGLE TEST PROCEDURE

1. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of *Acid Extracting Solution (6361)

to the test tube (0701), then add deionized water to fill to the 15 mL line.

2. Use the 1.0 g spoon (0697) to add 3 measures of soil to the extracting

solution in the test tube.

3. Cap the tube and shake for 5 minutes.

4. Filter, using the funnel (0459) and filter paper (0463) and collect all of the

soil extract.

5. The soil extract is used for all of the tests listed above except Chloride and

Sulfate.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 51

NEUTRALIZATION OF SOIL FILTRATE

In the test procedures for Ammonia Nitrogen, Calcium & Magnesium, Copper, Iron, Manganese and Zinc require that the acidity of the soil extract be neutralized before the test procedure is performed. This is done by adding *Sodium Hydroxide, 15% (7886) to the soil extract until Bromthymol Blue Test Paper (2931) indicates that the pH is in the proper range.

1. Add one drop of *Sodium Hydroxide, 15% (7886) to the soil e xtract. Stir

with the stirring rod.

2. Touch the stirring rod to the Bromthymol Blue Test Paper (2931).

3. If the test paper does not change from yellow to blue or green, continue

adding *Sodium Hydroxide, 15% to the soil extract, one drop at a time. Stir and test the pH after the addition of each drop until the test paper changes fromyellowtogreenorblue.

52 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

AMMONIA-NITROGEN

NESSLERIZATION METHOD CODE 3642-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

30 mL Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent #1 V-4797-G 2 x 30 mL *Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent #2 *V-4798-G 1 Pipet, 1 mL, plastic 0354

*WARNING: Reagents marked with a * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents see MSDS CD or www .lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

A fertile soil may be expected to give a low ammonia nitrogen test reading, unless there has been a recent application of nitrogenous fertilizer in forms other than the nitrate. The rapid disappearance of ammonia after fertilizer application indicates the desired transformation of the ammonia to the more available nitrate compounds. In forest soils, ammonia is the most abundant available form of nitrogen. If there is a satisfactory rate of nitrogen transformation, the humus layers of a forest soil will produce very high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen.

RANGE: 0.00-200.00 lb/acre Ammonia-Nitrogen METHOD: Ammonia forms a colored complex with Nessler’s

Reagent in proportion to the amount of ammonia present in the sample. Rochelle salt is added to prevent precipitation of calcium or magnesium in undistilled samples.

INTERFERENCES: Sample turbidity and color may interfere. Turbidity

may be removed by filtration procedure. Color interferences may be eliminated by blanking the instrument with a sample blank.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 53

PROCEDURE

1. Press and hold ON button until colorimeter turns on.

2. Press ENTER to start.

3. Press ENTER to select TESTING MENU.

4. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing

5 Ammonia-N H)fromTESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 5 Ammonia-N H from menu.

6. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to transfer 2 mL of soil extract into a clean tube

(0290). Dilute to the 10 mL line with deionized water. Mix and neutralize according to the procedure on page 50.

7. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.(SeeNote)

8. Remove tube from colorimeter. Add 12 drops of Ammonia Nitrogen

Reagent #1 (V-4797). Cap and mix. Wait 1 minute.

9. Use the 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 1.0 mL of *Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent

#2 (V-4798). Cap and mix. Allow 5 minutes for maximum color development.

10. At end of the 5 minute waiting period, immediately mix, insert tube into

chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 50 to

determine the ammonia-nitrogen concentration in lb/acre.

11. Press

NOTE: For the best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to

account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents are obtained.

OFF button to turn the colorimeter off or press the EXIT button exit

to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

AMMONIA NITROGEN CONCENTRATION CHART

POUNDS PER ACRE RANGE

0-24 lb/acre Low 25-68 lb/acre Medium Over 71 lb/acre High

54 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM

SCHWARZENBACH EDTA METHOD CODE M-CAL-MAG

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

30 mL *Calcium & Magnesium Buffer *5126-G 60 mL Standard EDTA Reagent 5254-H 100 Calcium Hardness Indicator Tablets T-5250-J 30 mL Calcium Magnesium Inhibitor Reagent 3922-G 30 mL *CM Indicator Reagent *6522WT-G 30 mL *Sodium Hydroxide w/Metal Inhibitors *4259-G 15 mL *Inhibitor Solution *9258-E 15 mL *TEA Reagent *3921-E 2 Direct Reading Titrators, 0-1000 Range 0384 1 Pipet, transfer, plastic 0364 1 Test tube, 5-10-15 mL, glass, w/cap 0778

The amount of total calcium in soils may range from as little as 0.1% to as much 25%. A calcium deficiency is rarely a problem due to widely accepted practice of applying lime to soil to raise the pH to the proper range for optimum plant growth. As an important mineral nutrient, calcium is a component of cell walls in plants and is known to stimulate root and leaf development as well as activate several enzyme reactions involved in plant metabolism. Indirectly, calcium influences crop yields by reducing soils acidity and by reducing the toxicity of several other soil minerals such as manganese, zinc, and aluminum.

The Schwarzenbach EDTA titration method, used to determine calcium and magnesium, involves two titrations. The first titration gives the calcium and magnesium content, the second only calcium. Magnesium is calculated from the difference between the titration values.

RANGE: 0-4000 lb/acre Calcium

0-2400 lb/acre Magnesium

METHOD: Titration with Schwarzenbach EDTA INTERFERENCE: Sample color and turbidity may interfere with

endpoint.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 55

PROCEDURE

I. DILUTION OF SOIL EXTRACT

Use the 30 mL graduated cylinder (0418) to measure 10 mL of the soil extract and transfer it to a 50 mL beaker (0944). Add 10 mL of deionized water, mix and neutralize according to the procedure on page 50.

II. TITRATION A, CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM

Carefully read the LaMotte Direct Reading Titrator Manual (1649) before performing the titrations described below.

1. Fill the test tube (0778) to the 5 mL line with the soil extract from above.

Dilute to the 10 mL line with deionized water.

2. Add 5 drops of Calcium Magnesium Inhibitor Reagent (3922).

3. W ait 5 minutes.

4. Use a pipet (0364) to add 5 drops of *Calcium & Magnesium Buffer (5126).

5. Add 10 drops of *CM Indicator (6522WT).

6. Fill the Direct Reading Titrator (0384) with the Standard EDTA Reagent

(5254). Insert the tip of the Titrator into the center hole of the test tube cap.

7. While gently swirling the tube, slowly press the plunger to titrate until the

color changes from red to blue.

8. Read the Titrator scale at the tip of the plunger and multiply by 5.16. This is

Titration Value A.

III. TITRATION B, CALCIUM

1. Fill the test tube (0778) to the 5 mL line with the diluted soil extract. Dilute

to 10 mL with deionized water.

2. Add 2 drops of *Inhibitor Solution (9258).

3. Add 2 drops of *TEA Reagent (3921).

4. Add 8 drops of *Sodium Hydroxide w/Metal Inhibitors (4259).

5. Add one Calcium-Hardness Indicator Tablet (T-5250) to the test sample.

Cap and shake to dissolve the tablet. A red color will develop.

6. Immediately titrate the sample. Fill the Direct Reading Titrator with

Standard EDTA Reagent (5254). Insert the tip of the Titrator into the hole in the cap of the test tube.

7. While gently shaking the tube, slowly press the plunger to titrate until the

red color changes to a clear blue and does not revert to red upon standing 1-2 minutes.

8. Read the Titrator scale at the tip of the plunger and multiply by 5.16. This is

Titration Value B.

56 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

IV. FINAL RESULTS

Calcium Content = 0.4 x Titration Value B = ppm Ca

Magnesium Content = 0.24 (Value A - Valu e B) = ppm M g

Multiply the results by 2 to obtain the content in pounds per acre.

EXAMPLE:

Titration Value A is 640 ppm CaCO

Titration Value B is 520 ppm CaCO

Calcium = 0.4 x 520 = 208 ppm Ca

=208x2=416lb/acreCa

Magnesium = 0.24 (640 - 520)

=0.24x120=29ppmMg

=29x2=58lb/acreMg

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 57

58 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

CHLORIDE

DIRECT READING TITRATOR METHOD CODE M7241

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

15 mL *Chloride Reagent #1 *4504-E 60 mL *Silver Nitrate, 0.141N *3062DR-H 1 Test Tube, 5-10-15 mL, plastic, w/cap 0701 1 Spoon, 1g 0697 1 Test Tube, 5-10-15 mL, glass, w/cap 0778 1 Direct Reading Titrator, 0-1000 Range 0384

Chlorides are present in practically all soils. Application of fertilizer may increase chloride levels. Chlorides are removed from soil by leaching. Excessive concentrations are toxic to plants. A high test reading, particularly where stunted growth has been observed, may indicate poisoning due to high chloride levels in the soil. This test is valuable on saline soils or when contamination from sea water or sea spray is suspected. Normal soils of humid regions rarely give readable tests, except when recently receiving liberal amounts of fertilizers containing chlorides.

RANGE: 0-1000 lb/acre Chloride METHOD: In a neutral or slightly alkaline solution, potassium

dichromate indicates the endpoint of the silver nitrate titration.

INTERFERENCES: Bromine, iodide and cyanide register as equivalent

chloride concentrations.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 59

PROCEDURE

Carefully read the LaMotte Direct Reading Titrator Manual (1649) before performing the titration procedure described below. The Titrator is calibrated in terms of parts per million chloride and each minor division on the Titrator scale equals 20 ppm.

1. Fill a clean test tube (0701) to the 15 mL line with deionized water.

2. Add 3 measures of soil using the 1 g spoon (0697). Cap tube and shake for

five minutes.

3. Filter and collect all of the soil filtrate using the funnel (0459) and filter

paper (0463). The extract does not have to be clear since a slight turbidity does not interfere in the test.

4. Fill the test tube (0778) to the 10 mL line with the filtrate.

5. Add three drops of *Chloride Reagent #1 (4504) to the sample. Cap and

shake to mix. A yellow color will result.

6. Fill the Direct Reading Titrator (0384) with *Silver Nitrate, 0.141

(3062DR) in the manner described in the instruction manual.

7. Titrate the test sample with *Silver Nitrate, 0.141 (3062DR) until the

yellow color changes permanently to pink. Record the Titrator reading. If the plunger reaches the bottom mark (1000 ppm) on the Titrator scale before the endpoint color change occurs, refill the Titrator and continue the titration procedure. Be sure to include the value of the original amount added (1000 ppm) when recording the final result.

60 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

COPPER

DIETHYZDITHIOCARBAMATE METHOD CODE M3639-46-65-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

15 mL *Copper 1 *6446-E

Like many other micronutrients, the amount of available copper varies considerably with the type of soil. Well drained sandy soils are usually low in copper while heavily clay-type soils contain an abundant supply of copper. Like manganese, copper may be unavailable in soils that have a high organic make-up because it readily forms insoluble complexes with organic compounds.

Generally from 0.2-25 lb/acre of copper is added to the soil to correct a deficient level. Copper is another metal that is necessary in the formation of the chlorophyll molecule and like other metals, e.g. iron, manganese and zinc acts as a catalyst.

RANGE: 0.00-30.00 ppm Copper METHOD: Cupric ions form a yellow colored chelate with

Diethyldithiocarbamate around pH 9-10, in proportion to the concentration of copper in the sample.

INTERFERENCES: Bismuth, cobalt, mercury, nickel and silver ions and

chlorine (6 ppm or greater) interfere seriously and must be absent.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 61

PROCEDURE

1. Press and hold ON button until colorimeter turns on.

2. Press ENTER to start.

3. Press ENTER to select TESTING MENU.

4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 32 Cu DDC)from

TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 32 Cu DDC from menu.

6. Fill a clean tube (0290) to the 10 mL line with the soil e xtract then

neutralize according to the procedure on page 50.

7. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

8. Remove tube from colorimeter and add 5 drops of *Copper 1 (6446). Cap

and mix. Solution will turn yellow if copper is present.

9. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the

result by 5 to determine the copper concentration in ppm.

10. Press OFF button to turn colorimeter off or press EXIT buttontoexittoa

previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTE: The reaction may stain the tubes. Scrub the tubes thoroughly after each use.

COPPER CONCENTRATION CHART

PARTS PER MILLION RANGE

0-1 ppm Low 1-3 ppm Marginal 3-4 ppm Adequate

62 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

IRON

BIPYRIDYL METHOD 3648-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

30 mL *Iron Reagent #1 *V-4450-G 5 g *Iron Reagent #2 Powder *V-4451-C 1 Pipet, 0.5 mL 0353 1 Spoon, 0.1 g 0699

Iron is essential to the formation of chlorophyll, and iron deficiency causes chlorosis. While most soils contain abundant iron, only a fraction is soluble and readily available to the growing plant. This is particularly true in neutral or alkaline soils. Acid soils contain higher levels of available iron.

RANGE: 0.00-30.00 ppm Iron METHOD: Ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron and subsequently

forms a colored complex with bipyridyl for a quantitative measure of total iron.

INTERFERENCES: Strong oxidizing agents interfere, as well as copper

and cobalt in excess of 5.0 mg/L

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 63

PROCEDURE

1. Press and hold ON button until colorimeter turns on.

2. Press ENTER to start.

3. Press ENTER to select TESTING MENU.

4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 51 Iron Bipyr)

from TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 51 Iron Bipyr from menu.

6. Fill a clean tube (0290) to the 10 mL line with the soil e xtract then

neutralize according to the procedure on page 50.

7. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

8. Remove tube from colorimeter. Use the 0.5 mL pipet (0353) to add one

measure of *Iron Reagent #1 (V-4450). Cap and mix.

9. Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add 0.1 g of *Iron Reagent #2 Powder

(V-4451). Cap and shak e vigorously for 30 seconds. Wait three minutes for maximum color development.

10. At the end of 3 minute waiting period, do not mix. Insert tube into

chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 5 to

determine the iron concentration in ppm.

11. Press OFF button to turn colorimeter off or press EXIT buttontoexittoa

previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTE: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents are obtained.

IRON CONCENTRATION CHART

PARTS PER MILLION RANGE

0.0-1.3 ppm Very Low

1.4-3.0 ppm Low

3.0-5.0 ppm Medium

5.0-10.0 ppm Medium High Above 10.0-25.0 ppm High

64 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

MANGANESE

PERIODATE METHOD CODE 3669-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

10 g Manganese Buffer Reagent 6310-D 15 g *Manganese Periodate Reagent *6311-E 1 Spoon, 0.1 g 0699 1 Spoon, 0.15 g 0727

The amount of manganese available to the plant is dependant upon the soil pH, the quantity of organic matter present, and the degree of aeration. Manganese deficiency is most likely to occur in neutral or alkaline soils because it is less soluble at elevated pH levels. In extremely acid soils, where manganese is more soluble, toxic levels may exist which may reduce crop yields. In slightly acid sandy soils, manganese may leach past the root zone and not be able for utilization by the plant. Also, it is believed that manganese may form insoluble organic complexes in some soils that have high humus content. All of the factors contribute to the availability of this essential element. Only soil or tissue tests can determine whether deficient or toxic levels of manganese exist.

Although manganese is known to play an important role in many of the metabolic processes in the plant, little is known about its function other than it is required in some enzyme reactions and is required for the formation of chlorophyll in the plant.

RANGE: 0.00-75.00 ppm Manganese METHOD: Periodate method INTERFERENCES: Reducing substances capable of reacting with

periodate or permanganate must be eliminated. Chlorine in small amounts can be oxidized by periodate.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 65

PROCEDURE

1. Press and hold ON button until colorimeter turns on.

2. Press ENTER to start.

3. Press ENTER to select TESTING MENU.

4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 56 Manganese H)

from TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 56 Manganese H from menu.

6. Fill a clean tube (0290) to the 10 mL line with the soil e xtract then

neutralize according to the procedure on page 50.

7. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

8. Remove tube from colorimeter. Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add two

measures of Manganese Buffer Reagent (6310). Cap and mix until powder dissolves.

9. Use the 0.15 g spoon (0727) to add one measure of *Manganese Periodate

Reagent (6311). Cap and shake for one minute. An undissolved portion of the reagent may remain in the bottom of the tube without adversely affecting the test results. Wait two minutes for maximum color development. Solution will turn pink if manganese is present.

10. At the end of the two minute waiting period, mix, insert tube into chamber,

close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 5 to determine

the manganese concentration in ppm.

11. Press OFF button to turn colorimeter off or press EXIT buttontoexittoa

previous menu or make another menu selection.

MANGANESE CONCENTRATION CHART

PARTS PER MILLION RANGE

0-5 ppm Low

5-12 ppm Medium 13-24 ppm Medium High 25-40 ppm High Over 40 ppm Very High

66 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

NITRA TE-NITROGEN

CADMIUM REDUCTION METHOD CODE 3649-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

2 x 60 mL *Mixed Acid Reagent *V-6278-H 5 g *Nitrate Reducing Reagent *V-6279-C 1 Spoon, 0.1g 0699 1 Dispenser cap 0692

Nitrogen is a component of the chlorophyll (green color) in plants, thus giving plants the rich green color characteristic of a healthy plant. Nitrogen promotes succulence in forage crops and leafy vegetables. When used at the recommended rates, nitrogen improves the quality of leaf crops. It also simulates the utilization of phosphorus, potassium and other essential nutrient elements. The above-ground growth of plants is enhanced with nitrogen. Nitrogen hastens crop maturity (assuming all other nutrients are adequately supplied and excessive nitrogen rates are not applied). Nitrogen is very influential in fruit sizing.

RANGE: 0.00-300.00 lb/acre Nitrate-Nitrogen METHOD: Powdered cadmium is used to reduce nitrate to

nitrite. The nitrite that is originally present plus reduced nitrate is determined by diazotizing sulfanilamide and coupling with N-(1 naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride to form a highly colored azo dye which is measured colorimetrically.

INTERFERENCES: Strong oxiding and reducing substances interfere.

Low results might be obtained for samples that contain high concentrations of iron and copper.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 67

PROCEDURE

NOTE: Place Dispenser Cap (0692) on *Mixed Acid Reagent (V-6278). Save this cap for refill reagents.

1. Press and hold ON button until colorimeter turns on.

2. Press ENTER to start.

3. Press ENTER to select TESTING MENU.

4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 64 Nitrate-N LR)

from TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 64 Nitrate-N LR from menu.

6. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of soil extract to a clean tube (0290)

and dilute to the line with deionized water. Cap tube and mix.

7. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

8. Remove tube from colorimeter and pour off 5 mL into graduated cylinder or

similar. Discard the remaining diluted extract.

9. Pour the 5 mL diluted extract from a graduated cylinder or similar into the

tube. Use the graduated cylinder or similar to measure 5 mL of *Mixed Acid Reagent (V-6278) and add to tube. Cap and mix. W ait 2 minutes before proceeding to Step 10.

10. Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add two measures of *Nitrate Reducing

Reagent (V-6279). Cap.

11. Hold tube by index finger and thumb and mix by inverting approximately

60timesaminuteforfourminutes.Wait10minutesformaximumcolor development.

NOTE: At end of waiting period an undissolved portion of Nitrate Reducing Reagent may remain in bottom of the tube without affecting results.

12. Attheendofthe10minutewaitingperiod,mix,inserttubeintochamber,

close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 100 to

determine the nitrate-nitrogen concentration in lb/acre.

13. Press OFF to turn colorimeter off or press EXIT to exit to a previous menu

or make another selection.

NOTES:

For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents are obtained.

To convert Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3–N) results to ppm Nitrate (NO3), multiply by 4.4.

68 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

NITRATE-NITROGEN CONCENTRATION CHART

POUNDS PER ACRE RANGE

0-9.0 lb/acre Low 11-29 lb/acre Medium 33-51 lb/acre Medium High 53-100 lb/acre High Over 100 lb/acre Very High

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 69

70 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

NITRITE-NITROGEN

DIAZOTIZATION METHOD CODE 3650-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

2 x 60 mL *Mixed Acid Reagent *V-6278-H 5 g *Color Developing Reagent *V-6281-C 1 Spoon, 0.1g 0699 1 Dispenser cap 0692

Nitrites are formed as an intermediate step in the production of nitrate. Soils that are well drained and aerated contain only small amounts of nitrite nitrogen. Excessive nitrites, which are toxic to plants, may result from soil conditions unfavorable to the formation of nitrate, such as inadequate aeration. High nitrite readings may also be encountered in soils with large amounts of nitrates, where a portion of the nitrate nitrogen decomposes to form nitrites.

RANGE: 0.00-40.00 lb/acre Nitrate-Nitrogen METHOD: The diazonium compound formed by diazotization of

sulfanilamide by nitrite in water under acid conditions is coupled with N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine to produce a reddish-purple color which is read colorimetrically.

INTERFERENCES: There are few known interferences of substances at

concentrations less than 1000 times that of nitrite; however, the presence of strong oxidants or reductants may readily affect the nitrite concentrations. High alkalinity (above 600 mg/L) will give low results due to a shift in pH.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 71

PROCEDURE

NOTE: Place Dispenser Cap (0692) on *Mixed Acid Reagent (V-6278). Save this cap for refill reagents.

1. Press and hold ON button until colorimeter turns on.

2. Press ENTER to start.

3. Press ENTER to select TESTING MENU.

4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 67 Nitrite-N LR)

from TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 67 Nitrite-N LR from menu.

6. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 2 mL of soil extract to a clean tube (0290)

and dilute to the line with deionized water. Cap tube and mix.

7. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

8. Remove tube from colorimeter and pour off 5 mL into a graduated cylinder

or similar. Discard the remaining diluted e x tract.

9. Pour the 5 mL diluted extract from the graduated cylinder or similar into

the colorimeter tube. Use graduated cylinder or similar to measure 5 mL of *Mixed Acid Reagent (V-6278) and add to tube. Cap and mix.

10. Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add two measures of *Color Developing

Reagent (V-6281). Cap and mix by gently inverting for 1 minute. Wait 5 minutes for maximum color development.

11. At the end of the 5 minute waiting period, mix, insert tube into chamber,

close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 50 to determine

the nitrite-nitrogen concentration in lb/acre.

12. Press OFF button to turn colorimeter off or press EXIT buttontoexittoa

previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTE: To convert nitrite-nitrogen (NO multiply results by 3.3.

–N) results to ppm nitrite (NO2),

NITRITE-NITROGEN CONCENTRATION CHART

POUNDS PER ACRE RANGE

0.0-2.0 lb/acre Low

2.5-4.0 lb/acre Medium

4.5-10.0 lb/acre High Over 10 lb/acre Very

72 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

High

PHOSPHORUS

ASCORBIC ACID REDUCTION METHOD CODE 3653-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

60 mL *Phosphate Acid Reagent *V-6282-H 5 g *Phosphate Reducing Reagent *V-6283-C 1 Pipet, 1 mL, plastic 0354 1 Spoon, 0.1 g 0699

Phosphorus is necessary for the hardy growth of the plant and activity of the cells. It encourages root development, and by hastening the maturity of the plant, it increases the ratio of grain to straw, as well as the total yield. It plays an important part in increasing the palatability of plants and simulates the formation of fats, convertible starches and healthy seed. By stimulating rapid cell development in the plant, phosphorus naturally increases the resistance to disease. An excess of phosphorus does not cause the harmful effect of excessive nitrogen and has an important balancing effect upon the plant.

RANGE: 0.00-99.00 lb/acre Phosphorus METHOD: Ammonium molybdate and antimony potassium

tartrate react in a filtered acid medium with dilute solution of PO4-2 to form an antimony-phosphomolybdate complex. This complex is reduced to an intense blue colored complex by ascorbic acid. The color is proportionate to the amount of phosphate present. (Only orthophosphate forms a blue color in this test.) Polyphosphates (and some organic phosphorus compounds) may be converted to the orthophosphate form by sulfuric acid digestion. Organic phosphorus compounds may be converted to the orthophosphate form by persulfate digestion.

INTERFERENCES: High iron concentrations can cause precipitation of

and subsequent loss of phosphorus.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 73

PROCEDURE

1. Press and hold ON button until colorimeter turns on.

2. Press ENTER to start.

3. Press ENTER to select TESTING MENU.

4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 78 Phosphate L)

from TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 78 Phosphate L from menu.

6. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of the soil extract to a clean tube

(0290) and dilute to the 10 mL line with deionized water.

7. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

8. Remove tube from colorimeter. Use 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 1.0 mL of

*Phosphate Acid Reagent (V-6282). Cap and mix.

9. Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add one measure of *Phosphate Reducing

Reagent (V-6283). Cap and shake until powder dissolves. Wait 5 minutes for full color development. Solution will turn blue if phosphorus is present.

10. At end of 5 minute waiting period, mix, insert tube into chamber , close lid

and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 32 to determine the

phosphorus concentration in lb/acre.

11. Press OFF button to turn colorimeter off or press EXIT buttontoexittoa

previous menu or make another menu selection.

PHOSPHORUS IN ALKALINE SOILS

A special extraction procedure is used for determining the available phosphorus content of Western U.S. alkaline soils where the pH value is above

7.0.

EXTRACTION PROCEDURE

1. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of the *Special NF Extracting

Solution (6362) to the test tube (0701) then add deionized water to the graduation.

2. Add 3 one gram measures of soil using the 1 g spoon (0697) to the

extracting solution in the vial.

3. Cap the vial and shake for a period of 5 minutes.

4. Filter using the funnel (0459) and filter paper (0463). Collect all of the

filtrate.

5. Perform the Phosphorus test according to the Phosphorus procedure given

above.

74 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRA TION CHART

POUNDS PER ACRE RANGE

0-14 lb/acre Very

16-34 lb/acre Low 35-67 lb/acre Medium Over 70 lb/acre High

Low

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 75

76 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

POT ASSIUM

TETRAPHENYLBORON METHOD CODE M3639-46-65-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

30 mL *Sodium Hydroxide, 0.1N *4004WT-G 5g *Tetraphenylboron Powder *6364-C 1 Spoon, 0.05g 0696

Potassium is not a component of the structural makeup of plants, yet it plays a vital role in the physiological and biochemical functions of plants. The exact function of potassium in plants is not clearly understood, but many beneficial factors, implicating the involvement and necessity of potassium in plant nutrition have been demonstrated. Some of these factors are: it enhances disease resistance by strengthening stalks and stems; activates various enzyme systems within plants; contributes to a thicker cuticle (waxy layer) which guards against disease and water loss; controls the turgor pressure within plants to prevent wilting; enhances fruit size, flavor, texture and development and is involved in the production of amino acids (the building blocks for protein), chlorophyll formation ( green-color), starch formation and sugar transport from leaves to roots.

When present in large amounts, ammonia salts will produce a precipitate similar to that produced by potassium. If fertilizer containing ammonia salts has recently been applied, or if the soil pH is below pH 5.0, perform the ammonia test before performing the potassium test. A high ammonia nitrogen test result will alert the operator to a probable false high reading in the potassium test; actual potassium tests will be somewhat lower.

RANGE: 0.0-500.0 lb/acre Potassium METHOD: Potassium reacts with sodium tetraphenylboron to

form a colloidal white precipitate in quantities proportional to the potassium concentration measured as turbidity.

INTERFERENCES: Calcium and Magnesium at very high concentrations.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 77

PROCEDURE

1. Press and hold ON button until colorimeter turns on.

2. Press ENTER to start.

3. Press ENTER to select TESTING MENU.

4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 81 Potassium)from

TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 81 Potassium from menu.

6. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 2 ml of the soil extract to a clean tube

(0290) and dilute to the 10 mL line with deionized water.

7. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

8. Remove tube from colorimeter. Add 4 drops of *Sodium Hydroxide, 1.0N

(4004WT). Cap and mix.

9. Use the 0.05 g spoon (0696) to add one measure of *Tetraphenylboron

Powder (6364). Cap and shake vigorously until all of the powder has dissolved. Wait 5 minutes.

10. At end of 5 minute waiting period, mix tube again to suspend any settled

precipitate. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE.

Multiply the result by 50 to determine the potassium concentration in lb/acre.

11. Press OFF button to turn colorimeter off or press EXIT buttontoexittoa

previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTES:

For the most accurate results, the sample and reagents should be at 25±4°C.

POTASSIUM CONCENTRATION CHART

POUNDS PER ACRE RANGE

0-44 lb/acre Very Low 50-76 lb/acre Low 82-143 lb/acre Medium 144-281 lb/acre High Over 294 lb/acre Very High

78 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

SULFUR

BARIUM CHLORIDE METHOD CODE 3639-45-65-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

10 g *Sulfate Reagent *V-6277-D 1 Spoon, 0.1 g 0699

Sulfur is essential to the formation of protein and affects various aspects of plant metabolism. Sulfur-deficient plants are pale green in color with thin, reedy stems. Negatively charged sulfate ions are easily leached. The major sources of soil sulfate are fertilizer containing sulfate compounds and atmospheric sulfur dioxide carried into the soil by precipitation.

RANGE: 3-94 ppm Sulfur METHOD: Sulfate ion is precipitated in an acid medium with

barium chloride to form barium sulfate crystals in proportion to the amount of sulfate present.

INTERFERENCE: Suspended matter and color interference may be

removed by a filtration step. Silica in excess of 500 mg/L will interfere.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 79

PROCEDURE

1. Press and hold ON button until colorimeter turns on.

2. Press ENTER to start.

3. Press ENTER to select TESTING MENU.

4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 89 Sulfate-HR)

from TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 89 Sulfate-HR from menu.

6. Use the 1 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of *Sulfate Extracting Solution

(6363) to the test tube (0701) then add deionized water to the 15 mL line.

7. Add 3 one gram measures of soil using the 1 g spoon (0697). Cap vial and

shake for five minutes.

8. Filter and collect all of the soil filtrate using the funnel (0459) and filter

paper (0463). If the filtrate is not clear, filter a second time.

9. Fill a clean tube (0290) to the 10 mL line with the soil e xtract.

10. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK..

11. Remove tube from colorimeter. Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add one

measure of *Sulfate Reagent (V-6277). Cap and shake until powder dissolves. A white precipitate will develop if sulfates are present. Wait 5 minutes.

12. Mix tube again. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN

SAMPLE. Multiply the result by 1.65 to determine the sulfur

concentrationinppm.

13. Press OFF button to turn colorimeter off or press EXIT buttontoexittoa

previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTES:

If the sulfate concentration of the test sample is greater than 100 ppm, it is recommended that a dilution be made with deionized water and the results multiplied by the dilution factor.

A white film is deposited on the inside of test tubes as a result of the

sulfate test. Thoroughly clean and rinse test tubes after each test.

For the most accurate results, samples and reactions should be at 25±4°C.

SULFUR CONCENTRATION CHART

PARTS PER MILLION RANGE

0-16 ppm Low 17-30 ppm Medium Low 31-50 ppm Medium 52-75 ppm High

80 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

ZINC

ZINCON METHOD CODE 3667-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

30 mL *Zinc Indicator Solution *6314-G 120 mL *Methyl Alcohol *6319-J 10 g Sodium Ascorbate 6316-D 25 g *Zinc Buffer Powder *6315-G 15 mL *Sodium Cyanide, 10% *6565-E 30 mL *Formaldehyde Solution, 37% *5128-G 1 “Diluted Zinc Indicator Solution” Bottle,

w/1 mL pipet assembly 1 Graduated Cylinder, 10 mL, glass 0416 1 Spoon, 0.5 g 0698 2 Pipets, plain, plastic 0352 1 Spoon, 0.1 g 0699

The availability of zinc in soils decreases with an increase in soil pH. Some soils that are limited above pH 6.0 may show a zinc deficiency especially in well drained sandy soils. A nutrient interaction exists between soils that have a high phosphorous level and show a zinc deficiency even though zinc levels were sufficient. This interaction is due to the preferential uptake of phosphorus instead of zinc and the possible formation of insoluble zinc phosphates. Once zinc is applied to the soil, it is relatively immobile because it is readily absorbed by organic matter in the soil.

Zinc is essential in promoting certain enzyme reactions in the soil and is required for the production of chlorophyll and the formation of carbohydrates in plants.

APPLICATION: Drinking and surface waters, domestic and industrial

waste water.

RANGE: 0.00 - 15.00 ppm Zinc METHOD: Zinc forms a blue colored complex with Zincon in a

solution buffered at pH 9.0. Other heavy metals are complexed by cyanide and the zinc cyanide complex is released by the addition of formaldehyde before the other metal cyanide complexes are destroyed. Sodium ascorbate is added to reduce the interference of manganese.

0128-MT

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07 81

SAMPLE HANDLING & PRESERVATION:

Sample should be analyzed within 6 hours after collection. The addition of HCl will help preserve the metal ion content, however the acid should be neutralized before analysis.

INTERFERENCES: The following ions interfere in concentrations greater

than those listed.

ION mg/L ION mg/L

Cd(II) 1 Cr(III) 10 Al (III) 5 Ni(II) 20 Mn (II) 5 Cn (II) 30 Fe (III) 7 Co (II) 30 Fe (II) 9 CrO4(II) 50

82 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 1.07

PROCEDURE

A. PREPARATION OF DILUTE ZINC INDICATOR SOLUTION

1. Use a pipet (0352) to measure exactly 5.0 mL of *Zinc Indicator Solution

(6314) into 10 mL graduated cylinder (0416). The bottom of the curved surface (the meniscus) of liquid should be at 5.0 mL mark. Pour this into the bottle labeled “Dilute Zinc Indicator Solution”.

2. Use unrinsed graduated cylinder to add 10.0 mL and then 7.8 mL (total of

17.8 mL) of *Methyl Alcohol (6319) to bottle labeled “Dilute Zinc Indicator Solution”. Cap and mix ingredients in this bottle. Do not leave this bottle uncapped.

B. DETERMINATION OF ZINC

1. Press and hold ON button until colorimeter turns on.

2. Press ENTER to start.

3. Press ENTER to select TESTING MENU.

4. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 99 Zinc-LR)from

TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 99 Zinc-LR from menu.

6. Fill a clean tube (0290) to the 10 mL line with the soil e xtract then

neutralize according to the procedure on page 50.

7. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.(SeeNote)

8. Remove tube from colorimeter. Use 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add one measure

of Sodium Ascorbate Powder (6316). Use 0.5 g spoon (0698) to add one measure of *Zinc Buffer Powder (6315). Cap and shake vigorously for 1 minute. Some undissolved buffer may remain in the bottom of the tube.

9. Add 3 drops of *Sodium Cyanide, 10% (6565). Cap and mix.

10. Use the 1 mL pipet assembly to add 1 mL of “Dilute Zinc Indicator

Solution”. Cap and mix.

11. Use a second plain pipet (0352) to add 4 drops of *Formaldehyde Solution,

37% (5128). Cap and mix by inverting 15 times.

12. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Multiply

result by 5 to determine the zinc concentration in ppm.

13. Press OFF button to turn colorimeter off or press EXIT buttontoexittoa

previous menu or make another menu selection.

SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 5/06 83

ZINC CONCENTRATION CHART

PARTS PER MILLION RANGE

0-0.5 ppm Low

0.6-1.0 ppm Marginal

1.1-2 ppm Adequate

84 SMART2 SOIL MANUAL 5.06

LaMotte SMART 3 Electronic Soil Lab User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual