Lamotte SMART3 Colorimeter User Manual

SMART3
Colorimeter
Operator’s
Manual
Warning! This set contains chemicals that may be harmful if misused. Read cautions on individual containers carefully. Not to be used by children except under adult supervision.
1910-MN-V3 06.28.19
PO Box 329 • Chestertown, MD 21620 800-344-3100 • f 410-778-6394 www.lamotte.com
CONTENTS
GENERAL INFORMATION
 Packaging & Delivery ...................................................................................................................................5
 General Precautions .................................................................................................................................. 5
 Safety Precautions ......................................................................................................................................5
 Limits of Liability ......................................................................................................................................... 6
 Warranty .........................................................................................................................................................6
 Register Your Meter......................................................................................................................................6
 Specifications ............................................................................................................................................. 7
 Statistical and Technical Definitions ......................................................................................................9
 Contents and Accessories ...................................................................................................................... 10
 EPA Compliance ........................................................................................................................................11
 CE Compliance ........................................................................................................................................... 11
 IP 67 Certification ...................................................................................................................................... 11
CHEMICAL TESTING
 Water Sampling for Chemical Analysis ...............................................................................................12
 Filtration ..................................................................................................................................................... 13
 An Introduction to Colorimetric Analysis .......................................................................................... 14
 Reagent Blank .......................................................................................................................................... 15
 Colorimeter Tubes & Chamber ............................................................................................................. 15
 Meter Care .................................................................................................................................................. 16
 Selecting an Appropriate Wavelength ............................................................................................... 16
 Calibration................................................................................................................................................... 16
 Calibration Curves ................................................................................................................................... 16
 Standard Additions ................................................................................................................................. 19
 Sample Dilution & Volumetric Measurements ................................................................................ 19
 Interferences ............................................................................................................................................ 20
 Stray Light Interference ......................................................................................................................... 20
OPERATION OF THE SMART3 COLORIMETER
 Overview ..................................................................................................................................................... 21
 Components .............................................................................................................................................. 22
GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES
 The Keypad ................................................................................................................................................ 23
 Sample Holders ......................................................................................................................................... 24
 The Display & the Menus ....................................................................................................................... 24
TESTING
 Testing Menu ............................................................................................................................................. 26
 Test Sequences ........................................................................................................................................ 27
 General Testing Procedures .................................................................................................................. 27
 Testing With LaMotte Pre-Programmed Tests ................................................................................ 28
 Calibrating LaMotte Pre-Progammed Tests ..................................................................................... 30
 Measuring in the Absorbance Mode .................................................................................................... 33
EDITING MENU
 Editing a Sequence .................................................................................................................................. 36
 Adding or Deleting a Test ....................................................................................................................... 38
 Edit User Tests .......................................................................................................................................... 42
 Naming the Test ....................................................................................................................................... 44
 Selecting the Vial and Wavelength ..................................................................................................... 47
 Entering a Two Point Calibration ......................................................................................................... 48
 Entering a Multiple Point Calibration....................................................................................................51
 Selecting the Numerical Format of the Result .................................................................................54
 Selecting Units of Concentration ......................................................................................................... 55
 Setting the Clock ....................................................................................................................................... 56
 Logging Data .............................................................................................................................................. 57
 Factory Setup ............................................................................................................................................ 58
 Setting Power Save .................................................................................................................................. 58
 Setting Backlight Time ............................................................................................................................. 59
 Bluetooth Menu .......................................................................................................................................... 60
 Selecting a Language ............................................................................................................................... 67
 Looping Menu .............................................................................................................................................69
COMPUTER CONNECTION
 Output ......................................................................................................................................................... 70
 Computer Connection ............................................................................................................................. 70
 Bluetooth Connection ............................................................................................................................... 70
BATTERY
 Battery/AC Operation ................................................................................................................................71
 Battery Replacement ................................................................................................................................ 71
MAINTENANCE
 Cleaning ...................................................................................................................................................... 73
 Repairs ......................................................................................................................................................... 73
 Meter Disposal ........................................................................................................................................... 73
TROUBLESHOOTING
 Error Messages .......................................................................................................................................... 74
 Troubleshooting Guide .............................................................................................................................75
 Software Troubleshooting Guide .......................................................................................................... 75
SMART3 COLORIMETER TEST PROCEDURES APPENDIX
GENERAL INFORMATION
 PACKAGING & DELIVERY
Experienced packaging personnel at LaMotte Company assure adequate protection against normal hazards encountered in transportation of shipments. After the product leaves the manufacturer, all responsibility for its safe delivery is assured by the transportation company. Damage claims must be filed immediately with the transportation company to receive compensation for damaged goods.
Should it be necessary to return the instrument for repair or servicing, pack instrument carefully in a suitable container with adequate packing material. A return authorization number must be obtained from LaMotte Company by calling 1-800-344-3100 or emailing tech@lamotte.com. Attach a letter with the authorization number to the shipping carton which describes the kind of trouble experienced. This valuable information will enable the service department to make the required repairs more efficiently.
 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Before attempting to set up or operate this instrument it is important to read the instruction manual. Failure to do so could result in personal injury or damage to the equipment.
The Smart3 Colorimeter should not be stored or used in a wet or corrosive environment. Care should be taken to prevent water or reagent chemicals from wet colorimeter tubes from entering the colorimeter chamber.
NEVER PUT WET TUBES IN COLORIMETER.
 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.com. Search for the four digit reagent code number listed on the reagent label, in the contents list or in the test procedures. Omit any letter that follows or precedes the four digit code number. For example, if the code is 4450WT-H, search 4450. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax.
Emergency information for all LaMotte reagents is available from Chem-Tel: (US, 1-800­255-3924) (International, call collect, 813-248-0585)
To order individual reagents or test kit components, use the specified code number. Keep equipment and reagent chemicals out of the reach of young children. Ensure that the protection provided by this equipment is not impaired. Do not intall or use
this equipment in a manner that is not indicated in this manual.
 LIMITS OF LIABILITY
Under no circumstances shall LaMotte Company be liable for loss of life, property, profits, or other damages incurred through the use or misuse of its products.
 WARRANTY
LaMotte Company warrants this instrument to be free of defects in parts and workmanship for 2 years from the date of shipment. If it should become necessary to return the instrument for service during or beyond the warranty period, contact our Technical Service Department at 1-800-344-3100 or tech@lamotte.com for a return authorization
SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16 5
number or visit www.lamotte.com for troubleshooting help. The sender is responsible for shipping charges, freight, insurance and proper packaging to prevent damage in transit. This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from action of the user such as misuse, improper wiring, operation outside of specification, improper maintenance or repair, or unauthorized modification. LaMotte Company specifically disclaims any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for a specific purpose and will not be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental or consequential damages. LaMotte Company’s total liability is limited to repair or replacement of the product. The warranty set forth above is inclusive and no other warranty, whether written or oral, is expressed or implied.
 REGISTER YOUR METER
To register your meter with the LaMotte Service Department, go to www.lamotte.com and choose SUPPORT on the top navigation bar.
 SPECIFICATIONS
INSTRUMENT TYPE: Colorimeter
Readout 160 x 100 backlit LCD, 20 x 6 line graphical display
Wavelengths 428 nm, 525 nm, 568 nm, 635 nm
Wavelength Accuracy ±2% FS
Readable Resolution Determined by reagent system
Wavelength Bandwidth 10 nm typical
Photometric Range –2 to +2 AU
Photometric Precision ± 0.001 AU at 1.0 AU
Photometric Accuracy ±0.005 AU at 1.0 AU
Sample Chamber Accepts 25 mm diameter flat-bottomed test tubes, 10 mm
square cuvettes†, 16 mm COD test tubes
Light Sources 4 LEDs
Detectors 4 silicon photodiodes
Modes Pre-programmed tests, absorbance, %T
Pre-Programmed Tests YES, with automatic wavelength selection
User Defined Tests Up to 25 user tests can be input
Languages English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, Chinese,
Japanese
Temperature Operation: 0-50 °C; Storage: -40-60 °C
Operation Humidity Range
USB Port Mini B
Power Requirements USB wall adapter, USB computer connection or lithium ion
0-90 % RH, non-condensing
rechargeable battery
6 SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16
Battery Charge Life: Approximately 380 tests with backlight on to
1000 tests with backlight off. (Signal averaging disabled). Battery Life: Approximately 500 charges.
Electrical Rating Rated voltage (5V), Rated power of input current (1.0A) at
mini-USB input port
Data Logger 500 test results stored for download to a PC
Waterproof IP67 with USB port plug in place
Certifications
BT Radio FCC ID:
Cert# BQB
LISTED
CE Mark Safety
EMC
T9J-RN42 6514A-RN42 B014867-SPP and DUN
profiles
EN61610-1:2010 +Corrigendum 1:2011
EN 301 489-17 and EN 301 489
US EMC FCC CFR 47, Part 15,
subpart B
Canada EMC CAN ICES-3(A)/NMB-3(A)
AU/NZ EMC AS/NZS CISPR 22
Dimensions (LxWxH) 3.5 x 7.5 x 2.5 inches, 8.84 x 19.05 x 6.35 cm
Weight 13 oz, 362 g (meter only)
†525 nm and 568 nm only
 STATISTICAL & TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS RELATED TO
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
Method Detection Limit (MDL): “The method detection limit (MDL) is defined as the
minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero and is determined from analysis of a sample in a given matrix containing the analyte.”1 Note that, “As Dr. William Horwitz once stated, ‘In almost all cases when dealing with a limit of detection or limit of determination, the primary purpose of determining that limit is to stay away from it.’”
Accuracy: Accuracy is the nearness of a measurement to the accepted or true value.3 The accuracy can be expressed as a range, about the true value, in which a measurement occurs (i.e. ±0.5 ppm). It can also be expressed as the % recovery of a known amount of analyte in a determination of the analyte (i.e. 103.5 %).
Resolution: Resolution is the smallest discernible difference between any two measurements that can be made.4 For meters this is usually how many decimal places are displayed. (i.e. 0.01). Note that the resolution many change with concentration or range. In some cases the resolution may be less than the smallest interval, if it is possible to make a reading that falls between calibration marks. A word of caution, that resolution has very little relationship to accuracy or precision. The resolution will always be less than the accuracy or precision but it is not a statistical measure of how well a method of analysis
SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16 7
2
works. The resolution can be very, very good and the accuracy and precision can be very bad! This is not a useful measure of the performance of a test method.
Repeatability: Repeatability is the within-run precision.5 A run is a single data set, from set up to clean up. Generally, one run occurs on one day. However, for meter calibrations, a single calibration is considered a single run or data set, even though it may take 2 or 3 days.
Reproducibility: Reproducibility is the between-run precision.
6
Detection Limit (DL): The detection limit (DL) for the 2020we/wi is defined as the minimum value or concentration that can be determined by the meter, which is greater than zero, independent of matrix, glassware, and other sample handling sources of error. It is the detection limit for the optical system of the meter.
1
CFR 40, part 136, appendix B
2
Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and L Vanatta, American
Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 31.
3
Skoog, D.A., West, D. M., Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, 2nd ed., Holt Rinehart and
Winston, Inc, 1969, p. 26.
4
Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and L Vanatta, American
Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 34.
5
Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative
Chemical Analysis, 5th ed., Longman Scientific & Technical, 1989, p. 130.
6
Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative
Chemical Analysis, 5th ed., Longman Scientific & Technical, 1989, p. 130
 CONTENTS AND ACCESSORIES
Contents
Smart3 Colorimeter
Test Tubes, with Caps Code 0290
COD/UDV Adapter Code 1724
USB Wall Adapter Code 1721
USB Cable Code 1720-01
Smart3 Colorimeter Quick Start Guide
Smart3 Colorimeter Manual
Accessories
Test Tubes, with Caps Code 0290-6
Replacement Chamber Code 3-0038
USB Cable Code 1720-01
8 SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16
3.17
USB Wall Adapter Code 1721
COD/UDV Adapter Code 1724
Bluetooth Mobile Printer Code 3-0066
Car Charger Code 5-0132
Small Field Carrying Case (37.5 27.5 x 13.75 cm) Code 1910-GCS150
Large Field Carrying Case (45 x 32.5 x 20 cm) Code 1910-GCS440
WARNING: Only use the USB cable (1720-01) that is supplied with the kit. Make no substitutions.
 EPA COMPLIANCE
The Smart3 Colorimeter is an EPA-Accepted instrument. EPA-Accepted means that the instrument meets the requirements for instrumentation as found in test procedures that are approved for the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) or National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) compliance monitoring programs. EPA­Accepted instruments may be used with approved test procedures without additional approval.
 CE COMPLIANCE
The Smart3 Colorimeter has earned the European CE Mark of Compliance for electromagnetic compatibility and safety. The Declaration of Conformity for the Smart3 colorimeter is available at www.lamotte.com.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interferences in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
operated in a
 IP67 CERTIFICATION
The Smart3 meets IP67 standards for protection against dust and immersion only when the USB port plug is in place. Documentation is available at www.lamotte.com.
SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16 9
CHEMICAL TESTING
 WATER SAMPLING FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Taking Representative Samples
The underlying factor to be considered for any type of water sampling is whether or not the sample is truly representative of the source. To properly collect a representative sample:
◊ Sample as frequently as possible. ◊ Collect a large sample or at least enough to conduct whatever tests are necessary. ◊ Make a composite sample for the same sampling area. ◊ Handle the sample in such a way as to prevent deterioration or contamination before
the analysis is performed.
◊ Perform analysis for dissolved gases such as dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and
hydrogen sulfide immediately at the site of sampling. Samples for testing these factors, as well as samples for pH, cannot be stored for later examination.
◊ Make a list of conditions or observations which may affect the sample. Other
considerations for taking representative samples are dependent upon the source of the sample. Taking samples from surface waters involves different considerations than taking samples from impounded and sub-surface waters.
Sampling of Open Water Systems
Surface waters, such as those found in streams and rivers, are usually well mixed. The sample should be taken downstream from any tributary, industrial or sewage pollution source. For comparison purposes samples may be taken upstream and at the source of the pollution before mixing.
In ponds, lakes, and reservoirs with restricted flow, it is necessary to collect a number of samples in a cross section of the body of water, and where possible composite samples should be made to ensure representative samples.
To collect samples from surface waters, select a suitable plastic container with a tight fitting screw cap. Rinse the container several times with the sample to be tested, then immerse the container below the surface until it is filled to overflowing and replace the cap. If the sample is not to be tested immediately, pour a small part of the sample out and reseal. This will allow for any expansion. Any condition which might affect the sample should be listed.
Sub-surface sampling is required to obtain a vertical profile of streams, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs at specific depths. This type of sampling requires more sophisticated sampling equipment.
For dissolved oxygen studies, or for tests requiring small sample sizes, a Water Sampler (LaMotte Code 1060) will serve as a subsurface or in-depth sampler. This weighted device is lowered to the sampling depth and allowed to rest at this depth for a few minutes. The water percolates into the sample chamber displacing the air which bubbles to the surface. When the bubbles cease to rise, the device has flushed itself approximately five times and it may be raised to the surface for examination. The inner chamber of the sampling device is lifted out and portions of the water sample are carefully dispensed for subsequent chemical analysis.
10 SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16
A Snap-Plunger Water Sampler (LaMotte Code 1077) is another “in-depth” sampling device which is designed to collect large samples which can be used for a multitude of tests. Basically, this collection apparatus is a hollow cylinder with a spring loaded plunger attached to each end. The device is cocked above the surface of the water and lowered to the desired depth. A weighted messenger is sent down the calibrated line to trip the closing mechanism and the plungers seal the sample from mixing with intermediate layers as it is brought to the surface. A special drain outlet is provided to draw off samples for chemical analysis.
Sampling of Closed System
To obtain representative samples from confined water systems, such as pipe lines, tanks, vats, filters, water softeners, evaporators and condensers, different considerations are required because of chemical changes which occur between the inlet and outlet water. One must have a basic understanding of the type of chemical changes which occur for the type of equipment used. Also, consideration should be given to the rate of passage and retaining time for the process water.
Temperature changes play an important part in deciding exactly what test should be performed. Process water should be allowed to come to room temperature, 20–25°C, before conducting any tests.
When drawing off samples from an outlet pipe such as a tap, allow sample to run for several minutes, rinsing the container several times before taking the final sample. Avoid splashing and introduction of any contaminating material.
 FILTRATION
When testing natural waters that contain significant turbidity due to suspended solids and algae, filtration is an option. Reagent systems, whether EPA, Standard Methods, LaMotte or any others, will generally only determine dissolved constituents. Both EPA and Standard Methods suggest filtration through a 0.45 micron filter membrane, to remove turbidity, for the determination of dissolved constituents.** To test for total constituents, organically bound and suspended or colloidal materials, a rigorous high temperature acid digestion is necessary.
**LaMotte offers a filtering apparatus: syringe assembly (Code 1050) and membrane filters, 0.45 micron, (Code 1103).
 AN INTRODUCTION TO COLORIMETRIC ANALYSIS
Most test substances in water are colorless and undetectable to the human eye. To test for their presence we must find a way to “see” them. The Smart3 Colorimeter can be used to measure any test substance that is itself colored or can be reacted to produce a color. In fact a simple definition of colorimetry is “the measurement of color” and a colorimetric method is “any technique used to evaluate an unknown color in reference to known colors”. In a colorimetric chemical test the intensity of the color from the reaction must be proportional to the concentration of the substance being tested. Some reactions have limitations or variances inherent to them that may give misleading results. Many such interferences are discussed with each particular test instruction. In the most basic colorimetric method the reacted test sample is visually compared to a known color standard. However, accurate and reproducible results are limited by the eyesight of the analyst, inconsistencies in the light sources, and the fading of color standards.
SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16 11
To avoid these sources of error, a colorimeter can be used to photoelectrically measure the amount of colored light absorbed by a colored sample in reference to a colorless sample (blank).
White light is made up of many different colors or wavelengths of light. A colored sample typically absorbs only one color or one band of wavelengths from the white light. Only a small difference would be measured between white light before it passes through a colored sample versus after it passes through a colored sample. The reason for this is that the one color absorbed by the sample is only a small portion of the total amount of light passing through the sample. However, if we could select only that one color or band of wavelengths of light to which the test sample is most sensitive, we would see a large difference between the light before it passes through the sample and after it passes through the sample.
The Smart3 Colorimeter passes one of four colored light beams through one of four optical filters which transmits only one particular color or band of wavelengths of light to the photodectector where it is measured. The difference in the amount of colored light transmitted by a colored sample is a measurement of the amount of colored light absorbed by the sample. In most colorimetric tests the amount of colored light absorbed is directly proportional to the concentration of the test factor producing the color and the path length through the sample. However, for some tests the amount of colored light absorbed is inversely proportional to the concentration.
The choice of the correct wavelength for testing is important. It is interesting to note that the wavelength that gives the most sensitivity (lower detection limit) for a test factor is the complementary color of the test sample. For example the Nitrate-Nitrogen test produces a pink color proportional to the nitrate-nitrogen concentration in the sample (the greater the nitrate-nitrogen concentration, the darker the pink color). A wavelength in the green region should be selected to analyze this sample since a pinkish-red solution absorbs mostly green light.
 REAGENT BLANK
Some tests will provide greater accuracy if a reagent blank is determined to compensate for any color or turbidity resulting from the reagents themselves. A reagent blank is performed by running the test procedure on demineralized or deionized water. Use sample water to Scan Blank. Insert the reacted reagent blank in the colorimeter chamber and select Scan Sample. Note result of reagent blank. Perform the tests on the sample water as described. Subtract results of reagent blank from all subsequent test results. NOTE: Some tests require a reagent blank to be used to Scan Blank.
 COLORIMETER TUBES AND CHAMBER
The colorimeter uses one type of tube (Code 0290) for all test factors. The handling of the tubes is of utmost importance. Tubes must be clean and free from lint, fingerprints, dried spills and significant scratches, especially the central zone between the bottom and the sample line.
Scratches, fingerprints and water droplets on the tube can cause stray light interference leading to inaccurate results. Tubes that have been scratched in the light zone through excessive use should be discarded and replaced with new ones.
Tubes should always be washed on the inside and outside with mild detergent prior to use to remove dirt or fingerprints. The tubes should be allowed to air-dry in an inverted position to prevent dust from entering the tubes. Dry tubes should be stored with the caps on to prevent contamination.
12 SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16
After a tube has been filled and capped, it should be held by the cap and the outside surface should be wiped with a clean, lint-free absorbent cloth until it is dry and smudge­free. Handling the tube only by the cap will avoid problems from fingerprints. Always set the clean tube aside on a clean surface that will not contaminate the tube. It is imperative that the tubes and light chamber be clean and dry. The outside of the tubes should be dried with a clean, lint-free cloth or disposable wipe before they are placed in the meter chamber.
Tubes should be emptied and cleaned as soon as possible after reading a sample to prevent deposition of particulates on the inside of the tubes.
Variability in the geometry of the glassware and technique is the predominate cause of variability in results. Slight variations in wall thickness and the diameter of the tubes may lead to slight variations in the test results. To eliminate this error the tubes should be placed in the chamber with the same orientation each time.
Chambers which have been scratched through excessive use should be discarded and replaced with a new one.
 METER CARE
The optical system of the Smart3 must be kept clean and dry for optimal performance. Dry the colorimeter tubes before placing them in the chamber to avoid introducing moisture. For best results store the instrument in a area that is dry and free from aggressive chemical vapors.
 SELECTING AN APPROPRIATE WAVELENGTH
The most appropriate wavelength to use when creating a calibration curve is usually the one which gives the greatest change from the lowest reacted standard concentration to the highest reacted standard concentration. However, the absorbance of the highest reacted standard concentration should never be greater than 2.0 absorbance units. Scan the lowest and highest reacted standards at different wavelengths using the absorbance mode to find the wavelength which gives the greatest change in absorbance without exceeding 2.0 absorbance units. Use this wavelength to create a calibration curve.
Below is a list of suggested wavelengths for the color of the reacted samples. Use these as a starting point.
Sample Color Wavelength Range
Yellow 428
Pink 525
Red 568
Green and Blue 635
 CALIBRATION
As with all pre-calibrated meters, it is highly recommended, even if not required by regulations, that the user periodically verify the performance of the meter by running standards with a predetermined concentration. Results outside of specification are an indication that the meter needs to be adjusted. This can be done following the user calibration described on page 29. If the user calibration fails to properly adjust the meter then the meter should be returned to LaMotte Company for recalibration. (See page 74).
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 CALIBRATION CURVES
The Smart3 Colorimeter contains tests for the LaMotte reagent systems. The first step in using a non-LaMotte reagent system with your Smart3 Colorimeter is to create a calibration curve for the reagent system. To create a calibration curve, prepare standard solutions of the test factor and use the reagent system to test the standard solutions with the Smart3 Colorimeter. Select a wavelength for the test as described above.
Plot the results (in ABS or %Transmittance) versus concentration to create a calibration curve. The calibration curve may then be used to identify the concentration of an unknown sample by testing the unknown, reading Absorbance or %T, and finding the corresponding concentration from the curve. The linear range of the reagent system can be determined and this information can be used to input a User Test into the Smart3 Colorimeter (see Edit User Tests, page 42)
PROCEDURE
Prepare 5 or 6 standard solutions of the factor being tested. The concentration of these standards should be evenly distributed throughout the range of the reagent system, and should include a 0 ppm standard (distilled water). For instance, the solutions could measure 0, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% of the system’s maximum range.
1. Turn on the Smart3 Colorimeter. Select the appropriate wavelength from the absorbance mode. Be sure to select the appropriate wavelength for the color produced by the reagent system.
2. Use the unreacted 0 ppm standard to standardize the colorimeter by using it to scan blank.
3. Following the individual reagent system instructions, react each standard solution beginning with 0 ppm. Continue with standards in increasing concentration. Record the reading and the standard solution concentration on a chart. Readings can be recorded as percent transmittance (%T) or absorbance (A).
4. Plot results on graph paper or computer using any available plotting program. If results are as %T versus concentration, semilog graph paper must be used. Plot the standard solution concentrations on the horizontal, linear axis, and the %T on the vertical, logarithmic axis. If results are as absorbance versus standard solution concentration, simple linear graph paper can be used. Plot the standard solution concentration on the horizontal axis, and the absorbance on the vertical axis.
5. After plotting the results, draw a line, or curve, of best fit through the plotted points. The best fit may not connect the points. There should be approximately an equal number of points above the curve as below the curve. Some reagent systems will produce a straight line, while others produce a curve. Many computer spreadsheet programs can produce the curve of best fit by regression analysis of the standard solution data.
NOTE: Only reagent systems which produce a straight line can be used for a User Test.
14 SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16
A sample of each type of graph appears below:
PREPARING DILUTE STANDARD SOLUTIONS
Standard solutions should be prepared to create a calibration curve. Standard solutions can be prepared by diluting a known concentrated standard by specified amounts. A chart or computer spreadsheet can be created to determine the proper dilutions. Use volumetric flasks and volumetric pipets for all dilutions.
6. In Column A – Record the maximum concentration of test as determined by the range and path length.
7. In Column B – Record the percent of the maximum concentration the standard solution will be.
8. In Column C – Calculate the final concentration of the diluted standard solutions by multiplying the maximum concentration (In Column A) by the % of maximum concentration divided by 100. (C = A x B/100).
9. In Column D – Record the final volume of the diluted sample (i.e. volume of volumetric flask).
10. In Column E – Record the concentration of the original standard.
11. In Column F – Calculate the milliliters of original standard required (F = (C x D/E)).
A sample chart appears below:
A B C =
Maximum
concentration
of test
% of Maximum
concentration
A x B/
100
Final
concentration
of Diluted Standard
D E F =
Volume of
Standard
Concentration
of Original
Standard
C x D/E
mL of
Original Standard Required
10.0 ppm 90 9.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.90 mL
10.0 ppm 70 7.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.70 mL
10.0 ppm 50 5.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.50 mL
10.0 ppm 30 3.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.30 mL
10.0 ppm 10 1.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.10 mL
10.0 ppm 0 0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0 mL
SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16 15
 STANDARD ADDITIONS
A common method to check the accuracy and precision of a test is by standard additions. In this method a sample is tested to determine the concentration of the test substance. A second sample is then “spiked” by the addition of a known quantity of the test substance. The second sample is then tested. The determined concentration of the spiked sample should equal the concentration of the first plus the amount added with the spike. The procedure can be repeated with larger and larger “spikes.” If the determined concentrations do not equal the concentration of the sample plus that added with the “spike”, then an interference may exist.
For example, a 10.0 mL water sample was determined to contain 0.3 ppm iron. To a second
10.0 mL sample, 0.1 mL of 50 ppm iron standard was added. The concentration of iron due to the “spike” was (0.10 mL x 50 ppm)/10.0 mL = 0.50 ppm. The concentration of iron determined in the spiked sample should be 0.3 + 0.5 = 0.8 ppm iron. (Note: any error due to the increased volume from the “spike” is negligible).
LaMotte offers a line of calibration standards which can be used to generate calibration curves and perform standard additions.
 SAMPLE DILUTION TECHNIQUES & VOLUMETRIC MEASUREMENTS
If a test result using the Smart3 Colorimeter gives an over range message then the the sample must be diluted. The test should be repeated on the diluted sample to obtain a reading which is in the concentration range for the test. (Note: This is not true for colorimetric determination of pH.)
Example:
Measure 5 mL of the water sample into a graduated cylinder. Add demineralized water until the cylinder is filled to the 10 mL line. The sample has been diluted by one-half, and the dilution factor is therefore 2. Perform the test procedure, then multiply the resulting concentration by 2 to obtain the test result.
The following table gives quick reference guidelines on dilutions of various proportions. All dilutions are based on a 10 mL volume, so several dilutions will require small volumes of the water sample. Graduated pipets should be used for all dilutions.
Size of Sample Deionized Water to Bring Volume to 10 mL Multiplication Factor
10 mL 0 mL 1
5 mL 5 mL 2
2.5 mL 7.5 mL 4
1 mL 9 mL 10
0.5 mL 9.5 mL 20
If volumetric glassware is not available, dilutions can be made with the colorimeter tube. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample then transfer it to another container. Add 10 mL volumes of demineralized water to the container and mix. Transfer back 10 mL of the diluted sample to the tube and follow the test procedure. Continue diluting and testing until a reading, which is in the concentration range for the test, is obtained. Be sure to multiply the concentration found by the dilution factor (the number of total 10 mL volumes used).
16 SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16
Example:
10 mL of sample is diluted with three 10 mL volumes of demineralized water; the dilution factor is four.
 INTERFERENCES
LaMotte reagent systems are designed to minimize most common interferences. Each individual test instruction discusses interferences unique to that test. Be aware of possible interferences in the water being tested.
The reagent systems also contain buffers to adjust the water sample to the ideal pH for the reaction. It is possible that the buffer capacity of the water sample may exceed the buffer capacity of the reagent system and the ideal pH will not be obtained. If this is suspected, measure the pH of a reacted distilled water reagent blank using a pH meter. This is the ideal pH for the test. Measure the pH of a reacted water sample using the pH meter. If the pH is significantly different from the ideal value, the pH of the sample should be adjusted before testing.
Interferences due to high concentration of the substance being tested, can be overcome by sample dilution (see page 18)
 STRAY LIGHT INTERFERENCE
When scanning samples in 16 mm tubes, such as COD, the sample chamber lid can not be closed. The COD adapter minimizes stray light. To further reduce stray light interference, do not scan sample in direct sunlight.
OPERATION OF THE SMART3 COLORIMETER
 OVERVIEW
The Smart3 is a portable, microprocessor controlled, direct reading colorimeter. It has a graphical liquid crystal display and 6 button keypad. These allow the user to select options from the menu driven software, to directly read test results or to review stored results of previous tests in the data logger. The menus can be displayed in seven different languages.
The test library consists of over 80 LaMotte tests and 25 “User Tests”. The LaMotte tests are precalibrated for LaMotte reagent systems.The colorimeter displays the result of these tests directly in units of concentration. The 25 “User Tests” may be used to enter additional calibrations. All of these tests may be arranged in any of 3 sequences. These sequences can be modified a limitless number of times to meet changing testing needs.
The optics feature 4 different colored LEDs. Each LED has a corresponding silicon photoiode with an integrated interference filter. The interference filters select a narrow band of light from the corresponding LED for the colorimetric measurements. The microporcessor automatically selects the correct LED/photodiode combination for the test.
A USB wall adapter, USB computer connection or lithium battery powers the Smart3. Bluetooth wireless technology allows communication between the colorimeter and the
Bluetooth Mobile Printer (Code 3-0066 only).
SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16 17
 COMPONENTS
Figure 1 shows a diagram of the Smart3 Colorimeter and its components.
Top View
SMART3
ENTER
Bottom View
Serial Number
COLORIMETER
EXIT
Lid
Side Views
USB Port with plug
Figure 1
18 SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16
GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES
The operation of the Smart3 Colorimeter is controlled by a microprocessor. The microprocessor is programmed with menu driven software. A menu is a list of choices. This allows a selection of various tasks for the colorimeter to perform, such as, scan blank, scan sample, and edit test sequences. The keypad is used to make menu selections which are viewed in the display. There are two selections accessible from the Main Menu: Testing Menu and Editing Menu.
 THE KEYPAD
The keypad has 6 buttons which are used to perform specific tasks.
This button will scroll up through a list of menu selections or go to the next character on a character selection line.
ENTER
EXIT
The button is used to select choices in a menu viewed in the display and to add the selected character to the name and advance one character.
This button controls the backlight on the display.
This button will scroll down through a list of menu selections or go to the previous character selection line.
This button exits to the previous menu on the name edit screen, the name will not be saved.
This button turns the meter on or off.
ENTER
EXI T
 SAMPLE HOLDERS
The sample chamber is designed for 25 mm round tubes. An adapter to hold 16 mm COD tubes and 10 mm square UDV cuvettes is included. 10 cm cuvettes can be scanned only at 525 nm and 568 nm. The light path is blocked at 428 nm and 635 nm with the use of the adapter. COD tubes can be scanned at all wavelengths.
SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16 19
Position the COD/UDV Adapter (Code 1724) so that the notches in the adapter fit around the posts on the chamber. Turn the adapter counterclockwise until the arrows are at the top and bottom of the chamber and the adapter is locked into place. Turn the adapter clockwise to unlock the adapter and remove it from the chamber.
 THE DISPLAY & THE MENUS
The display allows menu selections to be viewed and selected. These selections instruct the Smart3 to perform specific tasks. The menus are viewed in the display using two general formats that are followed from one menu to the next. Each menu is a list of choices or selections.
The display has a header line at the top and a footer line at the bottom. The header displays the title of the current menu. The footer line displays the time and the date, the data logger status, the bluetooth/printer status and the battery status. The menu selection window is in the middle of the display between the header and the footer.
The menu selection window displays information in two general formats. In the first format only menu selections are displayed. Up to 4 lines of menu selections may be displayed. If more selections are available they can be viewed by pressing the arrow buttons
to scroll the other menu selections into the menu selection window. Think of the menu selections as a vertical list in the display that moves up or down each time an arrow button is pressed. Some menus in the Smart3 are looping menus. The top and bottom menu choices are connected in a loop. Scrolling down past the bottom of the menu will lead to the top of the menu. Scrolling up past the top of the menu will lead to the bottom of the menu.
Header Menu Title
Main Window Selection First Choice
Second Choice
Third Choice
Another
Footer
12:00:00 001/500 P
And Another
And So On
A light bar will indicate the menu choice. As the menu is scrolled through, the light bar will highlight different menu choices. Pressing the
ENTER
button will select the menu choice
that is indicated by the light bar. In the second format the menu choice window takes advantage of the graphical
capabilities of the display. Large format graphic information, such as test results or error messages or the LaMotte logo is displayed. The top two lines of the display are used to display information in a large, easy to read format. The menus work in the same way as previously described but two lines of the menu are visible at the bottom of the display.
20 SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16
Header Menu Title
Message or Result Window
Result or Message
Another
Main Window Selection And Another
Footer
12:00:00 001/500
And So On
Last Choice
As described previously, the and a return to the previous menu. This allows a rapid exit from an inner menu to the main menu by repeatedly pushing the Smart3 off.
The display may show the following messages:
Battery Status
More choices are available and can be viewed by scrolling up and/or down through the display.
Header Identifies the current menu and information on units and reagent
systems if applicable.
Footer In the data logging mode the number of the data point is displayed
and the total number of data points in the memory will be shown. The footer also shows current time and battery status
EXIT
button allows an exit or escape from the current menu
EXIT
button. Pushing at any time will turn the
SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16 21
TESTING
 TESTING MENU
The Testing Menu is used to run all LaMotte pre-programmed tests, User Tests and Absorbance tests at one of four wavelengths. Testing from any of three sequences can also be done.
1. Press and briefly hold to turn the meter on. The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 3 seconds and the Main Menu will appear.
2. Press
ENTER
to select Testing Menu.
3. Press or to scroll to desired option. All Tests contains all of the available pre-programmed tests. The three sequences have user selected tests. Absorbance has %T/ABS tests.
Main Menu
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
12:00:00 001/500
Testing Menu
All Tests Menu
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
Testing Menu
All Tests Menu
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
4. Press
ENTER
to select All Tests.
All Tests
002 Alkalinity UDV
005 Aluminum
006 Ammonia-N LRF
007 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
22 SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16
TEST SEQUENCES
Sequence 1, Sequence 2, And Sequence 3 are alterable sequences. They may be edited using the Editing Menu. Any of the LaMotte pre-programmed tests or User Tests may be placed in these sequences in whatever testing order that is preferred. There are three intial sequences in the Smart3 that can be customized by adding or deleting tests:
Sequence 1 Sequence 2 Sequence 3
025 Chlorine T DPD 005 Aluminum 006 Ammonia-N LF
080 Phosphate HR 025 Chlorine T DPD 036 Cu Thiocarbamate
010 Benzotriazole
056 Iron Phenanthro 065 Nitrate-N LR
075 pH UDV 060 Manganese LR 068 Nitrite-N LR
12:00:00 001/500 12:00:00 001/500 12:00:00 001/500
063 Molybdenum HR 065 Nitrate-N LR 075 pH PR
086 Silica HR 068 Nitrite-N LR 081 Phosphate LR
036 Cu Thicarbamate 079 Phenol 087 Silica LR
055 Iron Bipyridyl 081 Phosphate LR
090 Sulfide LR
These alterable sequences allow a series of tests to be setup that are run frequently. The order of the individual tests in the sequence can be determined by the user. After running a test, press
ENTER
to select the next test in the sequence. Continue this pattern until the
entire sequence has been completed. All Tests is a fixed sequence containing the LaMotte pre-programmed tests, User Tests,
and Absorbance tests. Modification of the alterable sequences is accomplished through the Editing Menu. This menu is explained in greater detail in Editing Menu (page 36).
Pressing
EXIT
while in a sequence menu will escape back to the Testing Menu. Pressing the at any time will turn the colorimeter off. NOTE: A sequence must contain at least one test.
 GENERAL TESTING PROCEDURES
The following is a step-by-step example of how to run tests from the Testing Menu. These test procedures are designed to be used with LaMotte SMART Reagent Systems.
LaMotte Company continuously updates the list of pre-programmed tests as the calibrations become available. Call LaMotte Technical Services at 1-800-344-3100 (410­778-3100 outside the USA) or email at tech@lamotte.com for a current list of available calibrations.
SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16 23
 TESTING WITH LaMOTTE PRE-PROGRAMMED TESTS
1. Press and briefly hold to turn the meter on. The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 3 seconds and the Main Menu will appear.
2. Press
3. Press
ENTER
to select Testing Menu.
ENTER
to select All Tests Menu.
Main Menu
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
12:00:00 001/500
Testing Menu
All Test Menu
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
All Tests
002 Alkalinity UDV
005 Aluminum
006 Ammonia-N LRF
007 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
4. Press or to scroll to the desired test.
002 Alkalinity UDV
All Tests
005 Aluminum
006 Ammonia-N LRF
007 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
5. Press
ENTER
to select the test.
005 Aluminum
Scan Bank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
24 SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16
6. Insert the blank into the chamber. Close the lid.Press screen wil display Scan Blank Blank Done for about 1 second and then return to the test menu.
ENTER
to scan the blank. The
005 Aluminum
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
7. Insert the reacted sample into the chamber. Close the lid. Press scan the sample. The screen will display Scan Sample Sample Done for about 1 second. The result will appear on the screen.
To repeat the test, press sample again. The last blank scanned is used by the colorimeter for repeated scans. A different blank can be used by pressing or to scroll to Scan Blank and then scanning another blank. Scroll with or
and make another selection with . The %T or Absorbance of the last test can be viewed by scrolling down and choosing %T/ Abs. Press NOTE: The menus loop in this screen so either
needed.
To use the Print Test function, see the Bluetooth Menu section (page 60).
EXIT
to escape to previous menus.
or will lead to the menu selection
ENTER
ENTER
to
to scan the
ENTER
1.00 ppm
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
1.00 ppm
Scan Bank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
005 Aluminum
005 Aluminum
 CALIBRATING LaMOTTE PRE-PROGRAMMED TESTS
The LaMotte Pre-Programmed Tests have been pre-calibrated. Recalibration of the pre­programmed tests by the user is not possible. However, a procedure to standardize the calibration can be performed to obtain the most accurate readings or to meet regulatory requirements.
The LaMotte Pre-Programmed tests are standardized with one standard solution. To standardize over the full range of the test, the concentration of the standard should be chosen from the high end of the range. Alternatively, if samples do not cover the full range of the test, a standard should be chosen that is close to the concentration of the samples.
The standardization procedure should be followed as often as required by regulations and laws for compliance monitoring.
In the example below, the Aluminum calibration will be standardized. Prepare a standard solution to be tested. In this example, 0.30 ppm aluminum.
SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16 25
1. Press and briefly hold to turn the meter on. The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 3 seconds and the Main Menu will appear.
Main Menu
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
12:00:00 001/500
2. Press
3. Press
ENTER
to select Testing Menu.
ENTER
to select All Tests Menu.
4. Press or to scroll to the desired test factor.
Testing Menu
All Test Menu
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
All Tests
002 Alkalinity UDV
005 Aluminum
006 Ammonia-N LRF
007 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
All Tests
002 Alkalinity UDV
005 Aluminum
006 Ammonia-N LRF
007 Ammonia-N LRS
12:00:00 001/500
5. Press
ENTER
to select the test.
005 Aluminum
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
26 SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16
6. Follow the test procedure in the manual to test the prepared standard. Insert the blank into the chamber. Close the lid. Press
ENTER
to scan the blank. The screen will display Scan Blank Blank Done for about 1 second and then return to the Test Menu.
005 Aluminum
Testing
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
7. Insert the reacted standard solution into the chamber. Close the lid. Press scan the sample. The screen will display Scan Sample Sample Done for about 1 second. The result will appear on the screen.
8. The displayed result can now be standardized. Press or to scroll to Calibrate.
9. Press
ENTER
to select Calibrate. A reverse font (light background with dark characters) will appear to indicate that the reading can be adjusted.
ENTER
005 Aluminum
to
0.28 ppm
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
005 Aluminum
0.28 ppm
%T/Abs
Calibrate
12:00:00 001/500
005 Aluminum
0.28 ppm
∧, ∨=Edit, ENTER=Save
+ENTER=Default
12:00:00 001/500
10. Press or to adjust the value shown to the concentration of the prepared standard, 0.30 in this example.
NOTE: A maximum adjustment of 25% is possible.
SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16 27
0.30 ppm
∧, ∨=Edit, ENTER=Save
+ENTER=Default
12:00:00 001/500
005 Aluminum
11. Press
ENTER
to save the value.
To leave the Calibration procedure without saving the adjustment, press
EXIT
.
Testing
Press and
ENTER
at any time to
return to the default value.
The calibration has now been standardized and can be used for testing. Scroll to Scan Blank and begin testing.
MEASURING IN THE ABSORBANCE MODE
005 Aluminum
0.30 ppm
%T/Abs
Calibrate
12:00:00 001/500
1. Press and briefly hold to turn the meter on. The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 3 seconds and the Main Menu will appear.
2. Press
ENTER
to select Testing Menu.
3. Press or to scroll to Absorbance.
Main Menu
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
12:00:00 001/500
Testing Menu
All Test Menu
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Sequence 3
12:00:00 001/500
Testing Menu
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Sequence 3
Absorbance
12:00:00 001/500
28 SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16
4. Press
ENTER
to select Absorbance.
Absorbance
101 Absorbance 428
102 Absorbance 525
103 Absorbance 568
104 Absorbance 635
12:00:00 001/500
Testing
5. Press or to scroll to desired wavelength.
6. Press
7. Insert the blank. Close the lid. Press
ENTER
to select the wavelength.
ENTER
to scan the blank. The screen wil display Scan Blank Blank Done for about 1 second and return to the Absorbance menu.
Absorbance
101 Absorbance 428
102 Absorbance 525
103 Absorbance 568
104 Absorbance 635
12:00:00 001/500
102 Absorbance 525
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
102 Absorbance 525
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
12:00:00 001/500
8. Insert the reacted sample. Press
ENTER
to
102 Absorbance 525
scan the sample. The screen will display Scan Sample Sample Done for about
0.425
1 second. The result will appear on the screen.
Scan Sample
Next Test
12:00:00 001/500
SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16 29
9. To repeat the test, scroll to Scan Sample and press again. The last blank scanned is used by the colorimeter for repeated scans. A different blank can be used by pressing
Testing
and then scanning another blank. Scroll with or and make another selection with Absorbance of the last test can be viewed by choosing %T/Abs. Press escape to previous menus. NOTE: The menus loop in this screen so either or will lead to the menu selection needed. NOTE: The calibrate function does not work in the Absorbance mode.
ENTER
to scan the sample
or to scroll to Scan Blank
ENTER
. The %T or
EXIT
to
0.425
Scan Sample
Next Test
12:00:00 001/500
Previous Test
%T/Abs
Calibrate
Print Test
102 Absorbance 525
EDITING MENU
The Editing Menu allows the user to edit sequences, edit user tests, set the clock, edit the logging function, access factory setting, set the power saving function, set the backlight time, and select a language.
The default factory settings are:
Date Format MM-DD-YYYY
Logging Enabled
Power Save 5 minutes
Backlight 10 seconds
Language English
 EDITING A SEQUENCE
The Edit Sequence menu allows three alterable test sequences (Sequence 1, Sequence 2, Sequence 3) to be edited.
1. Press and briefly hold to turn the meter on. The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 3 seconds and the Main Menu will appear.
30 SMART3 Colorimeter 09.16
Testing Menu
Editing Menu
12:00:00 001/500
Main Menu
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