LaMotte SMART3 Colorimeter User Manual

OPERATOR’S

MANUAL

v3.0 and higher • Printed 2.11

2000-01-MN

CONTENTS

 GENERAL INFORMATION

Packaging & Delivery .................................................................................... 4

General Precautions ...................................................................................... 4

Safety Precautions ........................................................................................ 4

Limits of Liability ............................................................................................ 5

Warranty ......................................................................................................... 5

Speciﬁ cations ................................................................................................ 6

Statistical and Technical Deﬁ nitions

Related to Product Speciﬁ cations ................................................................ 6

Contents and Accessories ............................................................................. 8

EPA Compliance ............................................................................................ 8

CE Compliance .............................................................................................. 8

 CHEMICAL TESTING

Water Sampling for Chemical Analysis ......................................................... 9

Filtration ....................................................................................................... 10

An Introduction to Colorimetric Analysis & Spectroscopy ......................... 11

Reagent Blank ............................................................................................. 12

Spectrophotometer Tubes ........................................................................... 12

Selecting an Appropriate Wavelength ........................................................ 12

Calibration Curves ....................................................................................... 13

Preparing Dilute Standard Solutions............................................................ 15

Standard Additions ...................................................................................... 15

Sample Dilution Techniques & Volumetric Measurements ......................... 16

Interferences ................................................................................................ 17

Stray Light Interference ............................................................................... 17

 OPERATION OF THE SMART SPECTRO

SPECTROPHOTOMETER

Overview ...................................................................................................... 18

Power Supply ............................................................................................... 18

Components ................................................................................................ 19

Quick Start ................................................................................................... 20

 GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES

The Keypad ................................................................................................. 22

Sample Holders ............................................................................................ 22

The Display & the Menus ............................................................................ 23

 CALIBRATION

Calibrate Wavelength .................................................................................. 24

 PROGRAMMED TESTS

Introduction ................................................................................................. 25

Sequences of Tests ..................................................................................... 26

General Testing Procedures ........................................................................ 27

Testing with the Programmed Tests ............................................................ 27

 SETUP & EDIT SEQUENCES & USER TESTS

Edit a Sequence .......................................................................................... 30

Adding or Deleting Tests ............................................................................. 31

Edit User Tests ............................................................................................. 35

Naming the Test ................................................................................. 37

Selecting the Wavelength .................................................................. 39

Entering a New Calibration ................................................................ 40

Selecting the Numerical Format of the Result .................................. 43

 MEASURING IN THE %T/ABS MODE

44

 PC LINK

Output .......................................................................................................... 46

Computer Connection ................................................................................. 46

 EDIT CLOCK 47  ENERGY MODE 48  STORE METHOD 49  TEST MODE 50  BATTERY OPERATION

Charging the Batteries ................................................................................ 51

Running the SMART Spectro Using Batteries ............................................ 51

 MAINTENANCE

Cleaning ...................................................................................................... 52

Light Bulb .................................................................................................... 52

Clock Battery ............................................................................................... 52

Meter Disposal .............................................................................................. 53

 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

Error Messages ........................................................................................... 54

Helpful Hints ................................................................................................ 55

 SMART SPECTRO TEST PROCEDURES  APPENDIX

GENERAL INFORMATION

 PACKAGING & DELIVERY

Experienced packaging personnel at LaMotte Company assure adequate protection against normal hazards encountered in transportation of shipments. After the product leaves the manufacturer, all responsibility for its safe delivery is assured by the transportation company. Damage claims must be ﬁ led immediately with the transportation company to receive compensation for damaged goods.

Should it be necessary to return the instrument for repair or servicing, pack instrument carefully in suitable container with adequate packing material. A return authorization number must be obtained from LaMotte Company by calling 1-800-344-3100. Attach a letter with the authorization number to the shipping carton which describes the kind of trouble experienced. This valuable information will enable the service department to make the required repairs more efﬁ ciently.

 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

Before attempting to set up or operate this instrument it is important to read the instruction manual. Failure to do so could result in personal injury or damage to the equipment.

The SMART Spectro should not be stored or used in a wet or corrosive environment. Care should be taken to prevent water or reagent chemicals from wet spectrophotometer tubes from entering the SMART Spectro chamber.

NEVER PUT WET TUBES IN SPECTROPHOTOMETER.

 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Read the labels on all LaMotte reagent containers prior to use. Some containers include precautionary notices and ﬁ rst aid information. Certain reagents are considered hazardous substances and are designated with a * in the instruction manual. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) available at www.lamotte.com. Read the accompanying MSDS before using these reagents. Additional emergency information for all LaMotte reagents is available 24 hours a day from the Poison Control Center listed in the front of the phone book or by contacting the 24 hour emergency line for ChemTel 1-800-255-3924 (USA, Canada, Puerto Rico); locations outside the North American continent 813-248-0585. Be prepared to supply the name and four-digit LaMotte code number found on the container label or at the top of the MSDS or in the contents list for the test procedure. LaMotte reagents are registered with a computerized poison control information system available to all local poison control centers.

Keep equipment and reagent chemicals out of the reach of young children.

4 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

 LIMITS OF LIABILITY

Under no circumstances shall LaMotte Company be liable for loss of life, property, proﬁ ts, or other damages incurred through the use or misuse of their products.

 WARRANTY

LaMotte Company warrants this instrument to be free of defects in parts and workmanship for 2 years from the date of shipment. If it should become necessary to return the instrument for service during or beyond the warranty period, contact our Technical Service Department at 1-800-344-3100 for a return authorization number or visit www.lamotte.com for troubleshooting help. The sender is responsible for shipping charges, freight, insurance and proper packaging to prevent damage in transit. This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from action of the user such as misuse, improper wiring, operation outside of speciﬁ cation, improper maintenance or repair, or unauthorized modiﬁ cation. LaMotte Company speciﬁ cally disclaims any implied warranties or merchantability or ﬁ tness for a speciﬁ c purpose and will not be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental or consequential damages. LaMotte Company’s total liability is limited to repair or replacement of the product. The warranty set forth above is inclusive and no other warranty, whether written or oral, is expressed or implied.

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 5

 SPECIFICATIONS

INSTRUMENT TYPE: Single beam spectrophotometer

Readout 5 line, 18 character per line LCD

Wavelengths 350-1000 nm

Wavelength Accuracy ± 2 nm

Wavelenth Resolution 1 nm

Wavelength Bandwidth 5 nm (max)

Photometric Range 0-125%T, –0.1-2.5A

Photometric Accuracy ± 0.005A

Photometric Stray Light <0.5%T

Dispersive Device 1200 Lines/mm ruled grating

Sample Chamber Accepts 25 mm diameter ﬂ at-bottomed test tubes,

10 mm square cuvettes, 16 mm COD test tubes

Source Lamp Quartz halogen

Modes %/T, ABS, pre-programmed tests

Pre-Programmed Tests YES, with automatic wavelength selection

Languages English or Chinese

User Deﬁ ned Tests Up to 25 user tests can be input

RS232 Port 8 pin mDIN

Power Requirements Battery Operation (optional): Ni-Metal Hydride

battery pack Line Operation: 110/220V, 50/60 Hz

Dimensions 36 cm (wide) x 28 cm (deep) x 17 cm (tall)

Weight 10.3 lbs, 4.65 kgs

 STATISTICAL AND TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS

RELATED TO PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

Method Detection Limit (MDL): “The method detection limit (MDL) is deﬁ ned as the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported with 99% conﬁ dence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero and is determined from analysis of a sample in a given matrix containing the analyte.”1 Note that, “As Dr. William Horwitz once stated, ‘In almost all cases when dealing with a limit of detection or limit of determination, the primary purpose of determining that limit is to stay away from it.’”

1. CFR 40, part 136, appendix B

2. Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and L Vanatta, American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 31.

6 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

2

Precision: Precision is the numerical agreement between two or more measurements.3 The precision can be reported as a range for a measurement (difference between the min and max). It can also be reported as the standard deviation or the relative standard deviation. It is a measure of how close together the measurements are, not how close they are to the correct or true value. The

precision can be very good and the accuracy very bad. This is a useful measure of the performance of a test method.

3. Skoog, D.A., West, D. M., Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, 2nd ed., Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1969, p. 26.

Accuracy: Accuracy is the nearness of a measurement to the accepted or true value.4 The accuracy can be expressed as a range, about the true value, in which a measurement occurs (i.e. ±0.5 ppm). It can also be expressed as the % recovery of a know amount of analyte in a determination of the analyte (i.e.

103.5 %). This is a useful measure and what most customers are interested in when they want to know about the performance of a test method.

4. Skoog D.A., West D. M., Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, 2nd ed., Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1969, p. 26.

Resolution: Resolution is the smallest discernible difference between any two measurements that can be made.5 For meters this is usually how many decimal places are displayed. (i.e. 0.01). For titrations and various comparators it is the smallest interval the device is calibrated or marked to (i.e. 1 drop = 10 ppm,

0.2 ppm for a DRT, or ±half a unit difference for an octaslide or color chart). Note that the resolution many change with concentration or range. In some cases the resolution may be less than the smallest interval, if it is possible to make a reading that falls between calibration marks. This is often done with various comparators. One caveat is, that resolution has very little relationship to accuracy or precision. The resolution will always be less than the accuracy or precision but it is not a statistical measure of how well a method of analysis works. The resolution can be very very good and the accuracy and precision can be very, very bad! This is not a useful measure of the performance of a test method.

5. Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and L Vanatta, American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 34.

Sensitivity: Sensitivity is the resolution based on how this term is used in LaMotte catalogs. This term is not listed in any of the references. Sometimes it is used for detection limit. It is a confusing term and should be avoided.

Repeatability: Repeatability is the within-run precision.6 A run is a single data set, from set up to clean up. Generally, one run occurs on one day. However, for meter calibrations, a single calibration is considered a single run or data set, even though it may take 2 or 3 days.

6. Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th ed., Longman Scientiﬁ c & Technical, 1989, p. 130.

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 7

Reproducibility: Reproducibility is the between-run precision.

7

7. Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th ed., Longman Scientiﬁ c & Technical, 1989, p. 130.

 CONTENTS AND ACCESSORIES

CONTENTS

SMART Spectro Spectrophotometer Battery Charger

Test Tubes, with Caps Power Supply, 110/220V

Sample Cell Holder, Universal SMART Spectro Quick Start Guide

Sample Cell Holder, 10 mm Square SMART Spectro Manual

Power Cable

NOTE: The battery pack is not included and must be purchased separately. An empty slot is located in the original foam for the battery pack.

 ACCESSORIES

Battery Pack with Holder (rechargeable) Code 2000-BP

Carrying Case Code 2000-CS

SMARTLink 2 Software with Cable (compact disk)

Code 1912-CD

 EPA COMPLIANCE

The SMART Spectro is an EPA-Accepted instrument. EPA-Accepted means that the instrument meets the requirements for instrumentation as found in test procedures that are approved for the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) or National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) compliance monitoring programs. EPA-Accepted instruments may be used with approved test procedures without additional approval.

 CE COMPLIANCE

The SMART Spectrophotometer has been independently tested and has earned the European CE Mark of Compliance for electromagnetic compatibility and safety. To view the Declaration of Conformity go to www.lamotte.com.

8 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

CHEMICAL TESTING

 WATER SAMPLING FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

Taking Representative Samples

The underlying factor to be considered for any type of water sampling is whether or not the sample is truly representative of the source. To properly collect a representative sample:

• Sample as frequently as possible.

• Collect a large sample or at least enough to conduct whatever tests are necessary.

• Make a composite sample for the same sampling area.

• Handle the sample in such a way as to prevent deterioration or contamination before the analysis is performed.

• Perform analysis for dissolved gases such as dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulﬁ de immediately at the site of sampling. These factors, as well as samples for pH testing, cannot be stored for later examination.

• Make a list of conditions or observations which may affect the sample. Other considerations for taking representative samples are dependent upon the source of the sample. Taking samples from surface waters involves different considerations than taking samples from impounded and sub-surface waters.

 Sampling of Open Water Systems

Surface waters, such as those found in streams and rivers, are usually well mixed. The sample should be taken downstream from any tributary, industrial or sewage pollution source. For comparison purposes samples may be taken upstream and at the source of the pollution.

In ponds, lakes, and reservoirs with restricted ﬂ ow, it is necessary to collect a number of samples in a cross section of the body of water, and where possible composite samples should be made to ensure representative samples.

To collect samples from surface waters, select a suitable plastic container with a tight ﬁ tting screw cap. Rinse the container several times with the sample to be tested, then immerse the container below the surface until it is ﬁ lled to overﬂ owing and replace the cap. If the sample is not to be tested immediately, pour a small part of the sample out and reseal. This will allow for any expansion. Any condition which might affect the sample should be listed.

Sub-surface sampling is required to obtain a vertical proﬁ le of streams, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs at speciﬁ c depths. This type of sampling requires more sophisticated sampling equipment.

For dissolved oxygen studies, or for tests requiring small sample sizes, a Water

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 9

Sampler (LaMotte Code 1060) will serve as a sub-surface or in-depth sampler. This weighted device is lowered to the sampling depth and allowed to rest at this depth for a few minutes. The water percolates into the sample chamber displacing the air which bubbles to the surface. When the bubbles cease to rise, the device has ﬂ ushed itself approximately ﬁ ve times and it may be raised to the surface for examination. The inner chamber of the sampling device is lifted out and portions of the water sample are carefully dispensed for subsequent chemical analysis.

A Snap-Plunger Water Sampler (LaMotte Code 1077) is another “in-depth” sampling device which is designed to collect large samples which can be used for a multitude of tests. Basically, this collection apparatus is a hollow cylinder with a spring loaded plunger attached to each end. The device is cocked above the surface of the water and lowered to the desired depth. A weighted messenger is sent down the calibrated line to trip the closing mechanism and the plungers seal the sample from mixing with intermediate layers as it is brought to the surface. A special drain outlet is provided to draw off samples for chemical analysis.

Sampling of Closed System

To obtain representative samples from conﬁ ned water systems, such as pipe lines, tanks, vats, ﬁ lters, water softeners, evaporators and condensers, different considerations are required because of chemical changes which occur between the inlet and outlet water. One must have a basic understanding of the type of chemical changes which occur for the type of equipment used. Also, consideration should be given to the rate of passage and retaining time for the process water.

Temperature changes play an important part in deciding exactly what test should be performed. Process water should be allowed to come to room temperature, 20–25°C, before conducting any tests.

When drawing off samples from an outlet pipe such as a tap, allow sample to run for several minutes, rinsing the container several times before taking the ﬁ nal sample. Avoid splashing and introduction of any contaminating material.

 FILTRATION

When testing natural waters that contain signiﬁ cant turbidity due to suspended solids and algae, ﬁ ltration is an option. Reagent systems, whether EPA, Standard Methods, LaMotte or any others, will generally only determine dissolved constituents. Both EPA and Standard Methods suggest ﬁ ltration through a 0.45 micron ﬁ lter membrane, to remove turbidity, for the determination of dissolved constituents.** To test for total constituents, organically bound and suspended or colloidal materials, a rigorous high temperature acid digestion is necessary.

**LaMotte offers a ﬁ ltering apparatus: syringe assembly (Code 1050) and membrane ﬁ lters, 0.45 micron, (Code 1103).

10 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

 AN INTRODUCTION TO COLORIMETRIC ANALYSIS &

SPECTROSCOPY

Most test substances in water are colorless and undetectable to the human eye. To test for their presence we must ﬁ nd a way to “see” them. The LaMotte SMART Spectro can be used to measure any test substance that is itself colored or can be reacted to produce a color. In fact a simple deﬁ nition of colorimetry is “the measurement of color” and a colorimetric method is “any technique used to evaluate an unknown color in reference to known colors”. In a colorimetric chemical test the intensity of the color from the reaction must be proportional to the concentration of the substance being tested. Some reactions have limitations or variances inherent to them that may give misleading results. Many such interferences are discussed with each particular test instruction. In the most basic colorimetric method the reacted test sample is visually compared to a known color standard. However, accurate and reproducible results are limited by the eyesight of the analyst, inconsistencies in the light sources, and the fading of color standards.

To avoid these sources of error, a colorimeter or spectrophotometer can be used to photoelectrically measure the amount of colored light absorbed by a colored sample in reference to a colorless sample (blank).

White light is made up of many different colors or wavelengths of light. A colored sample typically absorbs only one color or one band of wavelengths from the white light. Only a small difference would be measured between white light before it passes through a colored sample versus after it passes through a colored sample. The reason for this is that the one color absorbed by the sample is only a small portion of the total amount of light passing through the sample. However, if we could select only that one color or band of wavelengths of light to which the test sample is most sensitive, we would see a large difference between the light before it passes through the sample and after it passes through the sample.

The SMART Spectro uses a quartz halogen lamp as the source of white light. The white light passes through an entrance slit and is focused on a ruled grating consisting of 1200 lines/mm. The grating causes the light to be dispersed into various component wavelengths. The monochromator design allows the user to select which speciﬁ c wavelength of interest will be passed through the exit slit and through the sample. The use of mirrors and additional ﬁ lters prevents light of undesired wavelengths (overtones, stray light) from making it to the sample. A photodetector measures the amount of light which passes through the sample.

The difference in the amount of monochromatic light transmitted through a colorless sample (blank) and the amount of monochromatic light transmitted through a test sample is a measurement of the amount of monochromatic light absorbed by the sample. In most colorimetric tests the amount of monochromatic light absorbed is directly proportional to the concentration of the test factor producing the color and the path length through the sample. However, for a few tests the relationship is reversed and the amount of monochromatic light absorbed is inversely proportional to the concentration of the test factor.

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 11

The choice of the correct wavelength for testing is important. It is interesting to note that the wavelength that gives the most sensitivity (lower detection limit) for a test factor is the complementary color of the test sample. For example the Nitrate-Nitrogen test produces a pink color proportional to the nitrate concentration in the sample (the greater the nitrate concentration, the darker the pink color). A wavelength in the green region should be selected to analyze this sample since a pinkish-red solution absorbs mostly green light.

 REAGENT BLANK

Some tests will provide greater accuracy if a reagent blank is determined to compensate for any color or turbidity resulting from the reagents themselves. A reagent blank is performed by running the test procedure on 10 mL of demineralized or deionized water. Use sample water to SCAN BLANK. Insert the reacted reagent blank in the colorimeter chamber and select SCAN SAMPLE. Note result of reagent blank. Perform the tests on the sample water as described. Subtract results of reagent blank from all subsequent test results.

NOTE: Some tests require a reagent blank to be used to SCAN BLANK.

 SPECTROPHOTOMETER TUBES

Spectrophotometer tubes which have been scratched through excessive use should be discarded and replaced with new ones. Dirty tubes should be cleaned on both the inside and outside. Fingerprints on the exterior of the tubes can cause excessive light scattering and result in errors. Handle the tubes carefully, making sure the bottom half of the tube is not handled.

LaMotte Company makes every effort to provide high quality spectrophoto-

meter tubes. However, wall thicknesses and diameter of tubes may still vary slightly. This may lead to slight variations in results (e.g. if a tube is turned while in the sample chamber, the reading will likely change slightly). To eliminate this error put the tubes into the sample chamber with the same orientation every time.

The tubes that are included with the spectrophotometer have an index mark to facilitate this. If possible, use the same tube to SCAN BLANK and SCAN SAMPLE.

 SELECTING AN APPROPRIATE WAVELENGTH

The most appropriate wavelength to use when creating a calibration curve is usually the one which gives the greatest change from the lowest reacted standard concentration to the highest reacted standard concentration. However, the absorbance of the highest reacted standard concentration should never be greater than 2.0 absorbance units. Scan the lowest and highest reacted standards at different wavelengths using the %T/ABS mode to ﬁ nd the wavelength which gives the greatest change in absorbance without exceeding

2.0 absorbance units. Use this wavelength to create a calibration curve.

12 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

Below is a list of suggested wavelength ranges for the color of the reacted samples. Use these as a starting point.

Sample Color Wavelength Range

Yellow 350-450

Yellow-Orange 450-490

Orange 490-510

Pink 510-570

Red 570-600

Green and Blue 600-750

 CALIBRATION CURVES

The SMART Spectro contains precalibrated tests for the LaMotte reagent systems. The ﬁ rst step in using a non-LaMotte reagent system with the SMART Spectro is to create a calibration curve for the reagent system. To create a calibration curve, prepare standard solutions of the test factor and use the reagent system to test the standard solutions with the SMART Spectro.

Plot the results (in ABS or %Transmittance) versus concentration to create a calibration curve. The calibration curve may then be used to identify the concentration of an unknown sample by testing the unknown, reading Absorbance or %T, and ﬁ nding the corresponding concentration from the curve. The linear range of the reagent system can be determined and this information can be used to input a User Test into the SMART Spectro (see EDIT USER TESTS, page 35).

PROCEDURE

1. Prepare 5 or 6 standard solutions of the factor being tested. The concentration of these standards should be evenly distributed throughout the range of the reagent system, and should include a 0 ppm standard (distilled water). For instance, the solutions could measure 0, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% of the system’s maximum range.

2. Turn on the SMART Spectro. Select the appropriate %T/ABS wavelength from the %T/ABS mode. Be sure to select the appropriate wavelength for the color produced by the reagent system.

3. Use the unreacted 0 ppm standard to standardize the spectrophotometer by using it to scan blank.

4. Following the individual reagent system instructions, react each standard solution including 0 ppm. Record the reading and the standard solution concentration on a chart. Readings can be recorded as percent transmittance (%T) or absorbance (A).

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 13

5. Plot results on graph paper or computer using any available plotting program. If results are as %T versus concentration, semilog graph paper must be used. Plot the standard solution concentrations on the horizontal, linear axis, and the %T on the vertical, logarithmic axis. If results are as absorbance versus standard solution concentration, simple linear graph paper can be used. Plot the standard solution concentration on the horizontal axis, and the absorbance on the vertical axis.

6. After plotting the results, draw a line, or curve, of best ﬁ t through the plotted points. The best ﬁ t may not connect the points. There should be approximately an equal number of points above the curve as below the curve. Some reagent systems will produce a straight line, while others produce a curve. Many computer spreadsheet programs can produce the curve of best ﬁ t by regression analysis of the standard solution data.

A sample of each type of graph appears below:

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PREPARING DILUTE STANDARD SOLUTIONS

Standard solutions should be prepared to create a calibration curve. Standard solutions can be prepared by diluting a known concentrated standard by speciﬁ ed amounts. A chart or computer spreadsheet can be created to determine the proper dilutions. Use volumetric ﬂ asks and volumetric pipets for all dilutions.

1. In Column A – Record the maximum concentration of test as determined by the range and path length.

2. In Column B – Record the percent of the maximum concentration the standard solution will be.

3. In Column C – Calculate the ﬁ nal concentration of the diluted standard solutions by multiplying the maximum concentration (In Column A) by the % of maximum concentration divided by 100. (C = A x ).

4. In Column D – Record the ﬁ nal volume of the diluted sample (i.e. volume of volumetric ﬂ ask).

5. In Column E – Record the concentration of the original standard.

6. In Column F – Calculate the milliliters of original standard required (C x D/E = F).

A sample chart appears below:

A B C=A x B/100 D E F=C x D/E

Maximum

concentration

of test

% of Maximum

concentration

Final concentration

of Diluted Standard

Volume of

Standard

Concentration

of Original

Standard

10.0 ppm 90 9.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.90 mL

10.0 ppm 70 7.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.70 mL

10.0 ppm 50 5.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.50 mL

10.0 ppm 30 3.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.30 mL

10.0 ppm 10 1.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.10 mL

10.0 ppm 0 0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0 mL

mL of

Original Standard

Required

 STANDARD ADDITIONS

A common method to check the accuracy and precision of a test is by standard additions. In this method a sample is tested to determine the concentration of the test substance. A second sample is then “spiked” by the addition of a known quantity of the test substance. The second sample is then tested. The determined concentration of the spiked sample should equal the concentration of the ﬁ rst plus the amount added with the spike. The procedure can be repeated with larger and larger “spikes.” If the determined concentrations do not

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 15

equal the concentration of the sample plus that added with the “spike”, then an interference may exist.

For example, a 10.0 mL water sample was determined to contain 0.3 ppm iron. To a second 10.0 mL sample, 0.1 mL of 50 ppm iron standard was added. The concentration of iron due to the “spike” was (0.10 mL x 50 ppm)/10.0 mL = 0.50 ppm. The concentration of iron determined in the spiked sample should be 0.3 + 0.5 = 0.8 ppm iron.

(Note: any error due to the increased volume from the “spike” is negligible).

LaMotte offers a line of calibration standards which can be used to generate calibration curves and perform standard additions.

 SAMPLE DILUTION TECHNIQUES & VOLUMETRIC

MEASUREMENTS

If a test result using the SMART gives an OUT OF RANGE message then the sample concentration could be over range or under range. If it is over range, the sample must be diluted. Then the test should be repeated on the diluted sample to obtain a reading which is in the concentration range for the test. (Note: This is not true for colorimetric determination of pH.)

Example:

Measure 5 mL of the water sample into a graduated cylinder. Add demineralized water until the cylinder is ﬁ lled to the 10 mL line. The sample has been diluted by one-half, and the dilution factor is therefore 2. Perform the test procedure, then multiply the resulting concentration by 2 to obtain the test result.

The following table gives quick reference guidelines on dilutions of various proportions. All dilutions are based on a 10 mL volume, so several dilutions will require small volumes of the water sample. Graduated pipets should be used for all dilutions.

Size of Sample Deionized Water to Bring

Volume to 10 mL

10 mL 0 mL 1

5 mL 5 mL 2

2.5 mL 7.5 mL 4

1 mL 9 mL 10

0.5 mL 0.5 mL 20

If the above glassware is not available, dilutions can be made with the spectrophotometer tube. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample then transfer it to another container. Add 10 mL volumes of demineralized water to the container and mix. Transfer back 10 mL of the diluted sample to the tube and follow the test procedure. Continue diluting and testing until a reading,

16 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

Multiplication Factor

which is in the concentration range for the test, is obtained. Be sure to multiply the concentration found by the dilution factor (the number of total 10 mL volumes used).

Example:

10 mL of sample is diluted with three 10 mL volumes of demineralized water; the dilution factor is four.

 INTERFERENCES

LaMotte reagent systems are designed to minimize most common interferences. Each individual test instruction discusses interferences unique to that test. Be aware of possible interferences in the water being tested.

The reagent systems also contain buffers to adjust the water sample to the ideal pH for the reaction. It is possible that the buffer capacity of the water sample may exceed the buffer capacity of the reagent system and the ideal pH will not be obtained. If this is suspected, measure the pH of a reacted distilled water reagent blank using a pH meter. This is the ideal pH for the test. Measure the pH of a reacted water sample using the pH meter. If the pH is signiﬁ cantly different from the ideal value, the pH of the sample should be adjusted before testing.

Chlorine interferences can be removed with the use of glycine. Very high levels of chloramines may interfere if the test result is not read immediately. Oxidized manganese interferes but can be removed with arsenite. Bromine and iodine interferes but can be removed with a thioacetamide blank correction.

Interferences due to high concentration of the substance being tested, can be overcome by sample dilution (see page 16).

 STRAY LIGHT INTERFERENCE

Normal indoor lighting causes no interference with the SMART. Always be sure the sample chamber lid is closed when scanning blanks or samples.

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 17

OPERATION OF THE SMART SPECTRO

 OVERVIEW

The SMART Spectro is a portable, microprocessor controlled, direct reading, single beam spectrophotometer. It has a 5 line, 18 character liquid crystal display for alphabetical and numerical messages. The operation is controlled with the keypad through menu driven software in response to selections shown on the display.

The test library consists of over 80 LaMotte tests and 25 “User Tests”. The spectrophotometer is also capable of running %T/Absorbance tests over the entire wavelength range of 350 - 1000 nm. The LaMotte tests are precalibrated for LaMotte reagent systems. The spectrophotometer displays the results of these tests directly in units of concentration. The 25 “User Tests” may be used to enter additional calibrations. All of these tests may be arranged in any of 3 sequences. These sequences can be modiﬁ ed a limitless number of times to meet changing testing needs.

The optics feature a quartz halogen bulb as a light source with a minimum life expectancy of 1000 hours. The incident white light is dispersed into its component wavelengths by a 1200 lines/mm ruled grating. The microprocessor controls the positioning of the grating, automatically positioning the grating to the correct wavelength for the test that has been selected. The monochromatic light is passed through the sample cell and is detected by a silicon photodiode.

The SMART Spectro is powered by an AC adapter that automatically recognizes the input voltage (110/220V) and converts it to the 12V needed to run the instrument. An optional battery pack is available for use where portability is important. To save power an automatic shut-off feature can be utilized (Energy Savings Mode).

A RS-232 serial port on the back of the spectrophotometer, and optional software, allows the spectrophotometer to be interfaced with a Winows-based personal computer for real time data acquisition and data storage. This port also allows an interface with a RS-232 serial printer.

Due to its portability, alternate power sources, and rugged construction, the SMART Spectro is ideal for lab and ﬁ eld use.

 POWER SOURCE

To use the SMART Spectro with an AC power supply:

1. Plug the Power Supply into the AC Adapter socket on the back of the SMART Spectro.

2. Connect the Power Cable to the Power Supply and an electrical outlet.

To use the Battery Pack, see page 51.

18 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

 COMPONENTS

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the SMART Spectro and the components.

Chamber

25mm

Round Cell

in Universal

Adapter

Scroll

Between

Choices

AC Adapter

Socket

Make

Selections

Display

Between

Choices

Serial Port

Scroll

RS232

10mm

Square Cell

in Adapter

Turn O

the Spectro

Exit

Menus

Turn On

the Spectro

Figure 1

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 19

QUICK START

1. Press ON. The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 2 seconds and the MAIN MENU will appear.

2. Press or to scroll to PROGRAMMED TESTS.

3. Press *ENTER to select

PROGRAMMED TESTS.

4. Press to scoll to ALL TESTS.

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

PROGRAMMED TESTS

*

%T/ABS

PC LINK

PROGRAMMED TESTS

SEQUENCE 1

*

SEQUENCE 2

SEQUENCE 3

ALL TESTS

PROGRAMMED TESTS

SEQUENCE 1

SEQUENCE 2

SEQUENCE 3

ALL TESTS

*

5. Press *ENTER to select ALL TESTS.

20 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

ALL TESTS

1 Alkalinity-UDV

*

2 Aluminum

3 Ammonia-N L F

4 Ammonia-N L S

6. PresS or to scroll to the desired test.

ALL TESTS

1 Alkalinity-UDV

2 Aluminum

*

3 Ammonia-N L F

4 Ammonia-N L s

7. Press *ENTER to select the test.

8. Insert the blank. Press *ENTER to scan the blank.

9. Insert the reacted sample. Press *ENTER to scan the sample. The result will be displayed.

After obtaining test results, scroll with with *ENTER. Press EXIT to escape to previous menu.

2 Aluminum

SCAN BLANK

*

SCAN SAMPLE

END 535 NM

2 Aluminum

SCAN BLANK

SCAN SAMPLE

*

END 535 NM

2 Aluminum

T = 16.5%T

A = 0.7834A

C = 1.28 PPM

PRINT PRESS ENTER

or , and make another selection

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 21

GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES

The operation of the SMART Spectro is controlled by a microprocessor. The microprocessor is programmed with menu driven software. A menu is a list of choices. This allows a selection of various tasks for the spectrophotometer to perform, such as, scan blank, scan sample, and edit test sequences. The keypad is used to make menu selections which are viewed in the display. There are eight selections accessible from the MAIN MENU - CALIBRATE WL, PROGRAMMED TESTS, %T/ABS, PC LINK, EDIT CLOCK, ENERGY MODE, STORE METHOD, and TEST MODE.

 THE KEYPAD

The keypad has 6 buttons which are used to perform speciﬁ c tasks.

ON This button is used to turn the spectrophotometer on.

This button will cause the display to scroll up in a list of menu choices. It will move to the beginning of a list viewed in the display. It will auto scroll when held down.

This button will cause the display to scroll down through a list of menu choices. It will move to the end of a list viewed in the display. It will auto scroll when held down.

* ENTER

EXIT This button is an EXIT or ESCAPE button. When pressed, the

OFF This button turns the spectrophotometer off.

This button is used to select the menu choice adjacent to the “*” in a menu viewed in the display.

display will EXIT from the current menu and go to the previous menu.

 SAMPLE HOLDERS

The SMART Spectro Spectrophotometer is supplied with two removable sample cell holders. Each holder is secured in the chamber with a single screw. The square sample holder should be positioned so the arrow on the top is pointing toward the left. The square sample holder will hold 10 mm square cuvettes. The universal sample holder should be positioned with the V-channel toward the right side of the chamber. The universal sample holder will hold round tubes of varying diameters. When using the universal adapter, the tube should be placed between the white roller on the spring-loaded arm and the v-channel on the right-hand side of the adapter. Press the tube down on the white roller to retract the arm.

22 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

 THE DISPLAY & THE MENUS

The display allows menu selections to be viewed and chosen. These choices instruct the spectrophotometer to perform speciﬁ c tasks. The menus are viewed in the display using a general format which is followed from one menu to the next. Each menu is a list of choices or selections.

There are ﬁ ve lines in the display. The top line in each menu is a title or pertinent instruction. The top line does not change unless a new menu is selected. The second line is used in two ways. One way is to display additional information if the top line is insufﬁ cient. The second line is also used to display menu choices. The three additional lines are also used for menu choices.

DISPLAY

TESTING MENU Title or InstrucƟ on

FIRST CHOICE

SECOND CHOICE Menu Choice Window

THIRD CHOICE

AND ANOTHER

AND SO ON

END OF LIST

Think of the menu choices as a vertical list in the display which moves up or down each time an arrow button is pressed. This list or menu is viewed through a window, the menu choice window, in the display. Pushing the arrow buttons brings another portion of the menu into menu choice window. This is referred to as scrolling through the menu.

TESTING MENU TESTING MENU TESTING MENU

* FIRST CHOICE SECOND CHOICE ANOTHER

SECOND CHOICE * ANOTHER AND ANOTHER

ANOTHER AND ANOTHER * AND SO ON

AND ANOTHER AND SO ON END OF LIST

AND SO ON END OF LIST

END OF LIST

An asterisk, “*”, will start in the far left position of the top line in the menu choice window. As the menu is scrolled through, different choices appear next to the “*”. The “*” in the display corresponds with the *ENTER button. Pushing the *ENTER button selects the menu choice which is adjacent to the “*” in the menu choice window.

As described previously, the EXIT button allows an exit or escape from the current menu and a return to the previous menu. This allows a rapid exit from an

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 23

inner menu to the MAIN MENU by repeatedly pushing the EXIT button. Pushing OFF at any time will turn the spectrophotometer off.

CALIBRATION

 CALIBRATE WAVELENGTH

The Calibrate Wavelength (CALIBRATE WL) mode is used to establish or re-establish the accuracy of the wavelength selection process. Normally, the Calibrate Wavelength procedure should be run after the SMART Spectro is turned ON and allowed to warm up for 15 minutes or if operating conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.) change signiﬁ cantly.

For ﬁ eld use, when operating with the battery, calibrate wavelength prior to going into the ﬁ eld using AC power. This will increase battery life in the ﬁ eld. Alternatively calibrate wavelength in the ﬁ eld immediately before testing. Turn Spectro on immediately before scanning blank. Calibrate wavelength just before scanning blank.

1. Press ON. The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 2 seconds and the MAIN MENU will appear.

2. Press or to scroll to CALIBRATE WL.

3. Press *ENTER to select

CALIBRATE WL.

The Calibrate Wavelength procedure takes about 1-2 minutes to be completed. During the calibration, the Spectro will display two numbers at the bottom of the screen. The ﬁ rst number is ﬁ xed. The second number will change and can have a range of values. The microprocessor will move the grating in search of the position that gives a very speciﬁ c maximum light intensity. The microprocessor

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

24 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

will then move the grating a precise predetermined amount from this position. This precise movement will cause the grating to be positioned at 546 nm every time. Once calibrated the wavelength displayed during testing is accurate to ±2 nm. When the wavelength calibration is complete the display will go back to the Main Menu.

PROGRAMMED TESTS

 INTRODUCTION

The PROGRAMMED TESTS mode is used to run all LaMotte pre-programmed tests and USER TESTS. This is also where USER TESTS and SEQUENCES are set-up and edited.

1. Press ON. The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 2 seconds and the MAIN MENU will appear.

2. Press or to scroll to PROGRAMMED TESTS.

3. Press *ENTER to select PROGRAMMED TESTS. In the PROGRAMMED TESTS menu there are three alterable sequences and one ALL TESTS ﬁ xed sequence as well as the EDIT function.

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

PROGRAMMED TESTS

*

%T/ABS

PC LINK

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 25

SEQUENCES OF TESTS

SEQUENCE 1, SEQUENCE 2, and SEQUENCE 3 are alterable sequences. They may be edited using the EDIT function mode. Any of the LaMotte preprogrammed tests or User Tests may be placed in these sequences in whatever testing order that is preferred. Some examples of typical sequences are given below.

SEQUENCE 1 SEQUENCE 2 SEQUENCE 3

* 60 Molybdenum LR * 1 Aluminum * 3 Ammonia-N L F

79 Phosphate 35 Cyanide 32 Copper DDC

9 Bromine LR 41 Fluoride 64 Nitrate-N LR

76 pH TB 53 Iron Phen 67 Nitrite-N LR

15 Chlorine 55 Manganese L 74 pH CPR

86 Silica HI 64 Nitrate N LR 78 Phosphate L

45 Hydrazine 26 COD Low 85 Silica Lo

32 Copper DDC 77 Phenols END OF LIST

51 Iron Bipyr 78 Phosphate L

END OF LIST 90 Sulﬁ de LR

END OF LIST

NOTE: Sequences always end with END OF LIST to indicate that there are no more tests in the sequence.

These alterable sequences allow a series of tests to be setup that are run frequently. The order of the individual tests in the sequence is determined by the user. After running a test, press EXIT to escape back to the Sequence menu. Move the down to the next test listed and press *ENTER. Continue this pattern until the entire sequence has been completed.

ALL TESTS is a ﬁ xed sequence containing the LaMotte pre-programmed tests and User Tests.

Modiﬁ cation of the alterable sequence is accomplished through the EDIT function. This function is explained in detail in the section titled EDIT.

It should be noted that if a %T/ABS test is to be included in a sequence, the %T/ABS test must ﬁ rst be setup as a User Test (but no actual calibration needs to be performed, only select a name and wavelength).

Pressing the EXIT button while in a sequence menu will escape back to the PROGRAMMED TESTS menu.

Pressing the OFF button at any time will turn the SMART Spectro off.

26 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

GENERAL TESTING PROCEDURES

The following are some step by step examples of how to run tests from the PROGRAMMED TESTS menu. These test procedures are designed to be used with LaMotte SMART Spectro reagent systems.

 TESTING WITH THE LaMOTTE PROGRAMMED TESTS

1. Press ON. The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 2 seconds and the MAIN MENU will appear.

2. Press or to scroll to PROGRAMMED TESTS.

3. Press *ENTER to select

PROGRAMMED TESTS.

4. Press to scroll to ALL TESTS.

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

PROGRAMMED TESTS

*

%T/ABS

PC LINK

PROGRAMMED TESTS

SEQUENCE 1

*

SEQUENCE 2

SEQUENCE 3

ALL TESTS

PROGRAMMED TESTS

SEQUENCE 1

SEQUENCE 2

SEQUENCE 3

ALL TESTS

*

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 27

5. Press *ENTER to select ALL

TESTS.

ALL TESTS

1 Alkalinity-UDV

*

2 Aluminum

3 Ammonia-N L F

4 Ammonia-N L S

6. Press or to scroll to the desired test.

7. Press *ENTER to select the test. The SMART Spectro is ready to scan. The proper wavelength has been selected.

8. Insert the blank. Press *ENTER to scan the blank. The blank has been stored.

9. Insert the reacted sample. Press *ENTER to scan the sample. The result will be displayed.

ALL TESTS

1 Alkalinity-UDV

2 Aluminum

*

3 Ammonia-N L F

4 Ammonia-N L S

2 Aluminum

SCAN BLANK

*

SCAN SAMPLE

END 535 NM

2 Aluminum

SCAN BLANK

SCAN SAMPLE

*

END 535 NM

2 Aluminum

T = 16.5%T

A = 0.7834A

C = 1.28 PPM

PRINT PRESS ENTER

28 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

10. Press *ENTER to print the result when connected to a printer or computer. To repeat the test, press EXIT to escape the test screen, then press *ENTER to scan the sample again. The last blank scanned is used to zero the spectrophotometer for repeat scans. A different blank can be used by pressing the button to scroll back to SCAN BLANK and then scanning another blank.

Press EXIT to escape back to the PROGRAMMED TESTS menu if no more samples are to be scanned for this test factor.

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 29

SETUP & EDIT SEQUENCES & USER TESTS

The EDIT menu allows any of the three alterable test sequences (SEQUENCE 1, SEQUENCE 2, and SEQUENCE 3) and any of the 25 User Tests in the ALL TESTS ﬁ xed sequence to be edited. This feature allows a sequence or test which is used frequently to be set-up for easy access. The order of the sequence can be arranged to suit the needs of the user. Any combination, and any order of tests from ALL TESTS (including User Tests), may be placed into these sequences.

EDIT A SEQUENCE

1. Go to the PROGRAMMED TESTS menu. Press or to scroll to EDIT.

2. Press *ENTER to select EDIT. EDIT

PROGRAMMED TESTS

SEQUENCE 1

SEQUENCE 2

SEQUENCE 3

EDIT

*

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*

EDIT SEQUENCE 2

EDIT SEQUENCE 3

EDIT USER TESTS

30 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

ADDING OR DELETING TESTS

There are two ways to alter a sequence - INSERT and DELETE.

INSERT is used to add a new test to a sequence and to place the new test

before an existing test in a sequence.

DELETE is used to remove an existing test from a sequence.

Below is a step by step example of how to ADD a test to SEQUENCE 3 starting from the EDIT menu.

1. Press to scroll to the sequence to be edited.

2. Press *ENTER to select the sequence to be edited.

3. Press *ENTER to select END OF

LIST.

4. Press *ENTER to select INSERT to insert a test into the sequence.

EDIT

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

EDIT SEQUENCE 2

EDIT SEQUENCE 3

*

EDIT USER TESTS

EDIT SEQUENCE 3

END OF LIST

*

EDIT SEQUENCE 3

INSERT

*

DELETE

END OF LIST

INSERT

1 Alkalinity-UDV

*

2 Aluminum

3 Ammonia-N L F

4 Ammonia-N L S

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 31

5. Press or to scroll to the desired test.

INSERT

1 Alkalinity-UDV

2 Aluminum

*

3 Ammonia-N L F

4 Ammonia-N LF

6. Press *ENTER to select the test and insert it before END OF LIST. The meter will return to the EDIT SEQUENCE 3 menu.

7. Press *ENTER to select the ﬁ rst test in the sequence and allow a second test to be inserted above it on the list.

8. Press *ENTER to insert a test above the ﬁ rst test.

9. Press or to scroll to the desired test.

EDIT SEQUENCE 3

2 Aluminum

*

END OF LIST

EDIT SEQUENCE 3

INSERT

*

DELETE

2 Aluminum

INSERT

1 Alkalinity-UDV

*

2 Aluminum

3 Ammonia-N L F

4 Ammonia-N LF

INSERT

75 pH PR

76 pH TB

77 Phenol

78 Phosphate L

*

32 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

10. Press *ENTER to add the second test to the list above the ﬁ rst test in the sequence. SEQUENCE 3 has now been modiﬁ ed and will remain until it is deleted again. To run a test in SEQUENCE 3 go to the PROGRAMMED TESTS menu. Press EXIT to exit the EDIT SEQUENCE 3 menu and return to the EDIT menu. Press EXIT to exit the EDIT menu. The meter will save any changes and go to the PROGRAMED TESTS menu.

Below is an example of how to DELETE a test from SEQUENCE 3, which was just created, starting from the EDIT menu.

EDIT SEQUENCE 3

78 Phosphate L

*

2 Aluminum

END OF LIST

1. Press to scroll to the sequence to be edited.

2. Press *ENTER to select the sequence to be edited.

3. Press or to scroll to the test to be deleted.

EDIT

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

EDIT SEQUENCE 2

EDIT SEQUENCE 3

*

EDIT USER TESTS

EDIT SEQUENCE 3

78 Phosphate L

*

2 Aluminum

END OF TEST

EDIT SEQUENCES

78 Phosphate L

2 Aluminum

*

END OF LIST

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 33

4. Press *ENTER to select the test to be deleted.

EDIT SEQUENCE 3

INSERT

*

DELETE

2 Aluminum

5. Press or to scroll to

DELETE.

6. Press *ENTER to select DELETE. Sequence 3 has now been modiﬁ ed and will remain until it is edited again. To run a test in SEQUENCE 3 go to the PROGRAMMED TESTS menu. Press ENTER to exit the EDIT

SEQUENCE 3 menu to the EDIT menu. Press EXIT to exit

the EDIT menu. The meter will save any changes and go the PROGRAMMED TESTS menu.

EDIT SEQUENCE 3

INSERT

DELETE

*

2 Aluminum

EDIT SEQUENCE 3

78 Phosphate L

*

END OF LIST

34 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

EDIT USER TESTS

If a test other than the LaMotte programmed tests is performed regularly, a calibration for it may be entered in one of the 25 User Tests. These tests are originally named “User Test 1 - 25”. It will be possible to rename the test, select a wavelength, enter a new calibration and select the number of decimal places used to display the results. A User Test may be added for a reagent system for which no precalibrated test exists. A calibration of a LaMotte reagent system may also be entered. The calibration of a User Test can be changed at any time.

The User Tests have the ability to handle between 1 and 8 data points. The curve ﬁ tting options of linear least squares or linear least squares through zero are available. This requires that the test have a linear calibration, if accurate results are expected. The spectrophotometer will determine the Absorbance of the standards and calculate a response that will be stored to determine the concentration of future samples of unknown concentration. These standards should cover all the concentrations for the range of the test being performed and be scanned beginning with the lowest concentration and ﬁ nishing with the highest concentration (for more information about this, see CALIBRATION CURVES, page 13). Prepare these solutions prior to entering a new calibration.

NOTE: A calibration procedure must be performed before using any of the User Tests. If a User Test is selected before a calibration has been entered the message not yet available press exit please will appear.

The User Tests can be placed in any of the alterable sequences using the EDIT mode.

1. Go to PROGRAMMED TESTS menu. Press to scroll to EDIT.

2. Press *ENTER to select EDIT. EDIT

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 35

PROGRAMMED TESTS

SEQUENCE 2

SEQUENCE 3

ALL TESTS

EDIT

*

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

*

EDIT SEQUENCE 2

EDIT SEQUENCE 3

EDIT USER TESTS

3. Press to scroll to EDIT USER TESTS.

EDIT

EDIT SEQUENCE 1

EDIT SEQUENCE 2

EDIT SEQUENCE 3

EDIT USER TESTS

*

4. Press *ENTER to select EDIT USER TESTS.

5. Press or to scroll to the user test to be edited.

6. Press *ENTER to select the user test to be edited. NOTE: The menu allows a test to be renamed, a wavelength to be selected, reacted standards to be scanned and the numerical format of the displayed test result to be selected. After editing any one of these menu choices the display will return to this menu. Any menu choice can be edited at any time by selecting it. The normal procedure would be to start with NAME THE TEST, then

SELECT WAVELENGTH, then NEW CALIBRATION, and then FORMAT RESULT.

EDIT

101 User Test 1

*

102 User Test 2

103 User Test 3

104 User Test 4

EDIT

101 User Test 1

102 User Test 2

*

103 User Test 3

104 User Test 4

102 User Test 2

*

NAME THE TEST

SELECT WL

NEW CALIBRATION

FORMAT RESULT

36 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

 NAMING THE TEST

A NAME can be up to 14 characters long. The menu choices for each character are 26 letters A to Z, ten numerals 0 to 9, a space, a dash, a decimal point, and a ! as a terminator. Selecting the terminator indicates the end of the name and stores the name. The terminator, !, is the ﬁ rst menu choice since it is the one character that will always have to be selected. It is before the letter A. DO NOT CHOOSE THE ! UNTIL THE NAMING OF THE TEST HAS BEEN COMPLETED. The terminator should be selected following the end of the name. It must be the last character selected.

1. The user test to be edited has been selected.

102 User Test 2

*

NAME THE TEST

SELECT WL

NEW CALIBRATION

FORMAT RESULT

2. Press *ENTER to select NAME

THE TEST. Press to scroll to CHANGE. (Select KEEP to go

back to the User Test menu.)

3. Press *ENTER to select CHANGE.

NAME THE TEST

KEEP

*

CHANGE

END OF LIST

NAME THE TEST

102

!

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRS

TUVWXYZ0123456789-.

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 37

4. Select the characters in the name one at a time, from left to right. In this example the new test name will be H2O. Press to scroll right to the ﬁ rst character. Selection of characters is controlled by moving the curser over the top of the letter to be chosen. Press *ENTER with the curser over the character to select it. The character will appear now in the line next to the test number. Continue in this fashion until entire name is entered. Press EXIT to delete/erase any incorrect entry and start over. Select ! at the end of the name to save the name. The display will return to the

NAME THE TEST menu. Select KEEP to save the name and return

to the User Test menu. Note that the 102 is named H2O.

102 H2O

NAME THE TEST

*

SELECT WL

NEW CALIBRATION

FORMAT RESULT

38 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

 SELECTING THE WAVELENGTH

1. Scroll to SELECT WL. 102 H2O

NAME THE TEST

*

SELECT WL

NEW CALIBRATION

FORMAT RESULT

2. Press *ENTER to select SELECT

WL.

3. Press or to scroll to desired wavelength.

4. Press *ENTER to save the wavelength. The display will return to the USER TEST menu.

SELECT WL

546 NM

SET PRESS ENTER

SELECT WL

560 NM

SET PRESS ENTER

102 H2O

*

NAME THE TEST

SELECT WL

NEW CALIBRATION

FORMAT RESULT

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 39

 ENTERING A NEW CALIBRATION

1. Press to scroll to NEW CALIBRATION.

102 H2O

NAME THE TEST

SELECT WL

2. Press *ENTER to select NEW

CALIBRATION.

3. Press or to select the number of data points that will be used to create the calibration curve. The maximum number of data points is 8.

4. Press *ENTER to save the selection.

*

NEW CALIBRATION

FORMAT RESULT

INPUT DATA NUMBERS

DATA NUMBERS = 5

SET PRESS ENTER

INPUT DATA NUMBERS

DATA NUMBERS = 6

SET PRESS ENTER

NEW CALIBRATION

ENTER STD.1

ENTER STD.2

ENTER STD.3

ENTER STD.4

5. Press *ENTER to select the ﬁ rst data point.

40 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

ENTER STD. 1

SCAN BLANK

*

STD.1 =

!0123456789.

6. Place a blank in the sample chamber. Press *ENTER to SCAN BLANK. (STD. 1 is always a blank.) The display will indicate that the blank is being scanned. The display will indicate BLANKED. A cursor will appear on the character selection line.

ENTER STD. 1

SCAN BLANK

*

STD.1 =

!

0123456789.

7. Place the reacted standard of the lowest concentration in the chamber. Press or to enter the concentration of the standard by selecting the characters with the cursor.

8. After the concentration has been entered, scroll to !. Press *ENTER. The standard will be scanned and the absorbance will be displayed.

9. Press EXIT to return to the New Calibration menu.

ENTER STD. 1

SCAN BLANK

*

STD.1 =

!0123456789

ENTER STD. 1

BLANKED

*

STD.1 = 1.0

A=0.0016A

NEW CALIBRATION

ENTER STD. 1

*

ENTER STD. 2

ENTER STD. 3

ENTER STD. 4

10. Press ENTER and use the same procedure to scan the second data point. Repeat the procedure until the data from all of the standards has been entered into the calibration. Note: Input the number of data points previously selected. For example, when inputting 6 standards ignore the request for ENTER STD. 7.

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 41

NEW CALIBRATION

ENTER STD. 4

ENTER STD. 5

ENTER STD. 6

ENTER STD. 7

*

11. Press to scroll to CALCULATE.

NEW CALIBRATION

ENTER STD. 6

ENTER STD. 7

ENTER STD. 8

CALCULATE

*

12. Press *ENTER to select CALCULATE.

13. Press *ENTER to select the desired curve ﬁ t.

Note: 1 DEGREE THRU.0 calculates the best straight line ﬁ t through the data points and intersects with the origin at 0 ppm, 0 absorbance. This is a classical Beers Law calibration. If a one point calibration has been performed, the 1 DEGREE THRU.0 curve ﬁ t must be chosen. 1 DEGREE calculates the best straight line ﬁ t but without forcing the line through the origin. The minimum number of standards needed for a calibration is one for 1 DEGREE THRU.0 and two for 1 DEGREE.

NOTE: 2 DEGREE and 3 DEGREE calculations are not available yet.

14. Press *ENTER to select the desired curve ﬁ t type. The display will show the constraints for the best ﬁ t line.

SELECT DEGREES

1 DEGREE THRU.0

1 DEGREE

2 DEGREE

3 DEGREE

*

SELECT DEGREES

1 DEGREE THRU.0

1 DEGREE

*

2 DEGREE

3 DEGREE

KO=0.0000E +00

K1=0.3068E +0A

K2=0.0000E +00

K3=0.0000E+0A

Press EXIT return

42 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

15. Press EXIT to return to the

SELECT DEGREES menu. Press EXIT again to return to INPUT DATA NUMBERS. Press EXIT

again to return to the USER TEST menu.

*

102 H2O

NAME THE TEST

SELECT WL

NEW CALIBRATION

FORMAT RESULT

 SELECTING THE NUMERICAL FORMAT OF THE

RESULT

To input tests with very different ranges, the number of decimal places displayed for a result can be selected. A test which ranges from 20 to 1000 ppm should not be displayed with three decimal places. A test with a range from 0.010 to

0.500 needs three decimal places (the microprocessor will always calculate the concentration to many more signiﬁ cant ﬁ gures than will be displayed). Menu choices of 0, 1, 2, or 3 decimal places will be given for the display.

*

102 H2O

NAME THE TEST

SELECT WL

NEW CALIBRATION

FORMAT RESULT

1. Press to scroll to FORMAT

RESULTS.

2. Press *ENTER to select FORMAT RESULTS.

3. Press or to select the number of decimal places to be displayed.

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 43

DECIMAL PLACES?

0 PLACES

1 PLACE

2 PLACES

3 PLACES

DECIMAL PLACES?

0 PLACES

1 PLACE

*

2 PLACES

3 PLACES

4. Press *ENTER to select the number format.

*

102 H2O

NAME THE TEST

SELECT WL

NEW CALIBRATION

FORMAT RESULT

5. Press EXIT to return to EDIT USER TEST menu. Press EXIT again to escape to EDIT menu and again to return to the PROGRAMMED TEST menu. Note: Test 102 was USER TEST 1 and now is H2O. It is still a USER TEST because its calibration can be changed but it has a different name.

*

102 H2O

NAME THE TEST

SELECT WL

NEW CALIBRATION

FORMAT RESULT

 MEASURING IN THE %T/ABS MODE

1. Press ON. The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 2 seconds and the MAIN MENU will appear.

2. Press or to scroll to %T/ABS.

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

*

PC LINK

3. Press *ENTER to select %T/ ABS.

44 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

%T/ABS 560NM

SELECT WL

*

SCAN BLANK

SCAN SAMPLE

END OF LIST

4. Press *ENTER to select SELECT WL

5. Press or to scroll to desired wavelength.

SELECT WL

WL=560 NM

*

SELECT WL

*

WL=600 NM

6. Press *ENTER to select the wavelength. The meter is ready to scan.

7. Insert the blank into the chamber. Press *ENTER to scan the blank. Note: For most %T/ABS tests, a clear colorless water blank should be used.

8. Insert a reacted sample into the chamber. Press *ENTER to scan the sample.

At this point, it is possible to scan another sample, scan another blank, or select another wavelength. To print the results to a connected computer or serial printer, press *ENTER and return to previous menu. Press EXIT to escape to previous menu.

%T/ABS 600 NM

SELECT WL

SCAN BLANK

*

SCAN SAMPLE

END OF LIST

%T/ABS 600 NM

SELECT WL

SCAN BLANK

SCAN SAMPLE

*

END OF LIST

%T/ABS 600 NM

T=90.7%T

A=0.0424A

PRINT PRESS ENTER

If no more samples are to be scanned, press EXIT to return to the MAIN MENU or press OFF to turn off the spectrophotometer.

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 45

PC LINK

The SMART Spectro may be interfaced with any Windows-based program by using the LaMotte SMARTLink2 Program and Interface Cable (Code 1912-3) and compact disk (Code 1912-CD). The program stores customer information and test data in a database. It can be used to download data stored in the SMART Spectro data logger for each test site.

The spectrophotometer may also be interfaced with an RS-232 serial printer, using an interface cable (Code 1772) and setting the printer conﬁ guration to the Output below (see Computer Connection, below).

Choose PC LINK from the Main Menu. The user has the option to download the last 25 results or the entire data logging buffer (500 results). Downloading does not delete or empty the data logger.

 OUTPUT

RS-232 compatible, asynchronous serial, 9600 baud, no parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit.

 COMPUTER CONNECTION

RS-232 interface connection, 8 pin mini-DIN/9 pin F D-submin. (Code 1772)

46 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

EDIT CLOCK

The clock information is used to time stamp the data points in the data logger.

1. Press ON. The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 2 seconds and the MAIN MENU will appear.

2. Press or to scroll to EDIT CLOCK.

3. Press *ENTER to select EDIT CLOCK. The display will show seconds-minutes-hours-monthday-year. Note: Hours are in a 24 hour format.

4. Press or to scroll to adjust the seconds to the correct time.

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

EDIT CLOCK

*

EDIT CLOCK

46-09-14-08-09-2010

SET SECONDS: 26

SET PRESS ENTER

EDIT CLOCK

43-09-14-08-09-2010

SET SECONDS: 43

SET PRESS ENTER

5. Press *ENTER to save the second setting.

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 47

EDIT CLOCK

43-09-14-08-09-2010

SET MINUTES: 09

SET PRESS ENTER

6. Follow the procedure to set the minutes, hour, month, day, and year. Press EXIT to return to the MAIN MENU.

ENERGY MODE

MAIN MENU 14:09:43

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

1. Press ON. The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 2 seconds and the MAIN MENU will appear.

2. Press or to scroll to ENERGY MODE.

3. Press *ENTER to select ENERGY

MODE.

4. Press or to select the desired mode. In the NORMAL mode the meter will remain on until OFF is pressed. This is the default setting. In the energy saving SAVE mode, the meter will turn off 10 minutes after the last button press. The SAVE mode will conserve battery and lamp life.

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

%T/ABS

PC LINK

EDIT CLOCK

ENERGY MODE

*

ENERGY MODE

SAVE

NORMAL

*

END OF LIST

ENERGY MODE

SAVE

*

NORMAL

END OF LIST

48 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

5. Press EXIT to return to the MAIN MENU.

STORE METHOD

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

1. Press ON. The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 2 seconds and the MAIN MENU will appear.

2. Press or to scroll to STORE METHOD.

3. Press *ENTER to select STORE

METHOD.

4. Press or to select the desired store method. In the AUTO method, all results will automatically be stored in the data logger. This is the default setting. In the MANUAL method, the user will be prompted after each test to decide whether to store the result.

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

PC LINK

EDIT CLOCK

ENERGY MODE

STORE METHOD

*

STORE METHOD

AUTOMATIC

*

MANUAL

END OF LIST

STORE METHOD

AUTOMATIC

*

MANUAL

END OF LIST

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 49

5. Press *ENTER to select the store method and return to the MAIN MENU.

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

TEST MODE

Select TEST MODE from the Main Menu. Test Mode allows the user to change the way that blanking and reading of results is carried out during the %T/ABS testing. It does not affect any of the Pre-programmed tests. REGULAR is the default test mode and should be used whenever the blank is clear or has less absorbance than the samples. This will be the case most of the time. In the rare instances where the blank will be darker or have more absorbance than the samples the Test Mode must be switched to REVERSE to avoid error messages and incorrect readings. Always reset the test mode to REGULAR at the end of each testing session.

The Test Mode should always be reset to REGULAR at the end of each testing session.

1. Press ON. The LaMotte logo screen will appear for about 2 seconds and the MAIN MENU will appear.

2. Press or to scroll to TEST MODE.

3. Press *ENTER to select TEST

MODE.

50 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

EDIT CLOCK

ENERGY MODE

STORE METHOD

TEST MODE

*

TEST MODE

REGULAR

*

REVERSE

END OF LIST

4. Press or to select the desired test mode.

TEST MODE

REGULAR

*

REVERSE

END OF LIST

5. Press *ENTER to select the test mode and return to the MAIN MENU.

MAIN MENU 12:00:01

CALIBRATE WL

*

PROGRAMMED TESTS

%T/ABS

PC LINK

BATTERY OPERATION

The SMART Spectro can be run using battery power. The battery pack consists of a rechargeable Ni-metal hydride battery pack. The battery pack is not included in the standard meter package and must be purchased as an accessory (Code 2000-BP). The battery charger/adapter used with the optional battery pack comes standard with each SMART Spectro.

 CHARGING THE BATTERY PACK

1. Connect the Power Supply to the Battery Charger.

2. Connect the Battery Charger to the Battery Pack.

3. The battery pack will automatically charge. (For older battery packs with a switch, move the switch to the CHARGING position.) A full charge will require about 5 hours.

 RUNNING THE SMART SPECTRO USING BATTERIES

Connect the Battery Pack to the SMART Spectro.

CAUTION: Do not connect the Power Supply directly to the Battery Pack. The connectors will not ﬁ t. Don’t force them.

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 51

MAINTENANCE

 CLEANING

Clean with a damp, lint-free cloth.

DO NOT ALLOW WATER TO ENTER THE SPECTROPHOTOMETER CHAMBER OR ANY OTHER PARTS OF THE METER.

 LIGHT BULB

The quartz halogen bulb in the SMART Spectro has an approximate life of 1000 hours. If a test is performed and there is no response and the unit is receiving adequate power, the light bulb may need to be re-secured or replaced. With the meter power ON check the rear lamp access panel to see if any light acan be observed through the vents. If the lamp is not ON it is either loose or burnt out. To determine if the lamp is loose, remove the vented panel on the back of the meter. Loosen both thumb screws, noting that the thumb screws do not remove from the unit completely; they are attached to the removable metal plate. Use a clean, folded paper towel to gently push the lamp and see if it lights up. If so, it was merely loose and can be ﬁ rmly pushed into its socket. If the lamp doesn’t light up, it should be replaced. Contact LaMotte Technical Service at 1-800-3443100 ext 2, or eamil tech@lamotte.com for a Return Authorization number and service by LaMotte personnel. Or order LaMotte code# 27290-03 for a 10-watt replacement lamp and replacement instructions.

 CLOCK BATTERY (RAM BATTERY)

The Smart Spectro date/clock function is powered by its own battery. This battery should be replaced about every 3 years. If the date or clock function stops or if you receive the message “Warning RAM Battery Low” you should replace the RAM battery as follows, or contact the LaMotte Technical Service Department by phone at 1-800-344-3100, fax 410-778-6394 or email tech@ lamotte.com

Directions for opening the SMART Spectro meter housing

1. Before proceeding, unplug the Spectro AC power supply.

2. Turn the meter over and use a long neck (4” shaft) Phillips head screw driver to unscrew all 4 screws located in the recessed cavities. Note; do not remove the four screws that secure the rubber “feet” to the bottom of the Spectro.

3. Holding the top and bottom together, carefully turn the meter over again. The screws will fall out of the recessed cavity.

4. Carefully lift the top cover off. It is not necessary to disconnect any cables or wires.

CAUTION: Be careful. The electronic circuits are static sensitive. DO NOT

52 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

touch the electronic components. You do not need to touch the electronic components to replace the RAM battery.

If you will be touching the electronic components for any other reason, you must wear a grounding strap. If such a strap is not available then take every precaution possible to ground yourself before and during any contact with the electronic components by holding onto a grounded metal pipe or other grounded piece of metal. If this is not possible then at least touch a grounded piece of metal just prior to handling any components or touching the boards. Improper grounding can allow static buildup to short the components. LaMotte Company is not responsible for any such damages.

Directions for Replacing the RAM Battery

1. The battery is a 3V coin battery on the top circuit board, about the size of a dime. It is a model CR1220 or BR1225. Replace the battery with the same model type.

2. Unplug the battery by popping it out of its holder. A small insulated, ﬂ at head screw driver may be used to help remove the old battery.

3. Plug in the new battery with positive side facing up.

Assembly of the housing top and bottom

1. Reassemble the spectro housing. When putting the top and bottom back together be careful about the alignment of the metal panel on the back of the Spectro (lamp access panel). There are slots for this panel in both the top and bottom part of the housing.

2. Secure the top to the bottom using all 4 screws.

 METER DISPOSAL

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)

Natural resources were used in the production of this equipment. This equipment may contain materials that are hazardous to health and the environment. To avoid harm to the environment and natural resources, the use of appropriate take-back systems is recommended. The crossed out wheeled bin symbol on the meter encourages you to use these systems when disposing of this equipment.

Take-back systems will allow the materials to be reused or recycled in a way that will not harm the environment. For more information on approved collection, reuse, and recycling systems contact your local or regional waste administration or recycling service.

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 53

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

 ERROR MESSAGES

OUT OF RANGE

If the message OUT OF RANGE is displayed when scanning a sample, the sample may be over range or under range. If the sample is over range the sample should be diluted and tested again (see Sample Dilution Techniques & Volumetric Measurements, page16).

BATTERY (optional)

If the symbol BAT appears in the upper left corner of the display when using the battery pack, the battery needs to be charged. The SMART Spectro will turn off if the battery power becomes too low.

ERROR 1 TROUBLE WITH FILTER

There is a problem with ﬁ lter positioning. This could be due to a dead motor, bad connection to the motor, or a bad positioning detector. Contact LaMotte Technical Service for help.

ERROR 2 TROUBLE WITH SWITCH

There is a problem with the grating positioning. This could be due to a dead stepping motor, bad connection to stepping motor, or a bad micro switch. Contact LaMotte Technical Service for help.

ERROR 3 TROUBLE WITH LIGHT

There is a problem locating the zero order light during wavelength calibration. Contact LaMotte Technical Service for help.

WARNING SIGNAL TOO WEAK

Not enough light is getting to the detector. Check light path for blockage. Check lamp position. Try recalibrating wavelength.

WARNING SIGNAL TOO STRONG

This can be an indication that the meter was accidently shut-off during wavelength calibration. Shut meter off and restart.

WARNING RAM BATTERY LOW

Clock battery needs to be replaced soon. If it fails all user tests and Data log Data will be lost. Unit can be run without this battery. Just use line power and leave unit on.

54 SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11

 HELPFUL HINTS

POWER

The power supply has an internal switch that handles both 110V and 220V input.

STRAY LIGHT

The SMART Spectro should have no problems with stray light. Make sure that the sample compartment lid is always fully closed.

ACCIDENTAL LOSS OF POWER

If for any reason the meter experiences a loss of power during wavelength calibration, the next time the meter is powered up a wavelength calibration will automatically be performed.

SMART Spectro Operator’s Manual 2.11 55

TEST

PROCEDURES

v3.0 and higher • Printed 2.11

2000-01-MN

SPECTROPHOTOMETER REAGENT SYSTEMS LIST

Call LaMotte Technical Services at 1-800-344-3100 (410-778-3100 outside the USA) or email at tech@lamotte.com for a current list of available calibrations and downloading instructions.

Range

Test Factor (Test #)

Alkalinity-UDV (2) 0–200 15 Unit Dose Vials (1) 100

Aluminum (1) 0.00–0.30 0.01 Eriochrome Cyanine R (4) 50

Ammonia NitrogenLow Range, Fresh Water (3)

Ammonia NitrogenLow Range, Salt Water (4)

Ammonia NitrogenHigh Range (5)

Benzotriazole (009) 0.0–30.0 1.0 UV Photolysis (3) 50

Biguanide (7) 0–70 5 Colorimetric 50

Boron (8) 0.00-0.80 0.05 Azomethine-H (2) 25

Bromine-Low Range (010) 0.00–9.00 0.04 DPD (3) 100

Bromine-UDV (11) 0.0–20.0 0.3 DPD (1) 100

Cadmium (12) 0.00–1.00 0.02 PAN (4) 50

Carbohydrazide (013)

See Oxygen Scavengers

Calcium & Magnesium (Total), Hardness-UDV

Chloride-TesTab (21) 0.0–50.0 0.5 Argentometric (1) 50

Chlorine-Tablet DPD (014) 0.00–4.00 0.02 DPD (3) 100

Chlorine-Free-UDV (16) 0.00–10.00 0.10 DPD (1) 100

Chlorine-Total-UDV (18) 0.00–10.00 0.10 DPD (1) 100

Chlorine-Liquid DPD (17) 0.00–4.00 0.025 DPD (3) 144

Chlorine Dioxide (019) 0.00–7.00 0.04 DPD (2) 100

Chromium, Hexavalent (22) 0.00–1.00 0.01 Diphenylcarbohydrazide 50

Chromium, Hex, Tri, Total (22) 0.00–1.00 0.01 Diphenylcarbohydrazide 50

Chromium-TesTab (23) 0.00-1.00 0.01 Diphenylcarbohydrazide 50

Cobalt (24) 0.00–2.00 0.02 PAN (3) 50

COD-Low Range (25) 0–150 5 Digestion (1) 25

COD-Standard Range (26) 0-1500 20 Digestion (1) 25

COD-High Range (27) 0–15,000 500 Digestion (1) 25

(ppm) MDL

0.00–1.00 0.02 Salicylate (3) 25

0.00–1.00 0.10 Salicylate (3) 25

0.00–4.00 0.05 Nesslerization (2) 50

0.000–0.900 0.005 Iron Reduction (3) 100

10-500 10 Unit Dose Vial (1) 100

Test Method (# of Reagents)

# of Tests

Color (28) 0–1,000 15 Platinum Cobalt (0) –

Copper-BCA-Low Range (29) 0.00–3.50 0.05 Bicinchoninic Acid (1) 50

Copper-Cuprizone (31) 0.00–2.00 0.01 Cuprizone (2) 50

Copper-DDC (32) 0.00–6.00 0.05 Diethyldithiocarbamate (1) 50

Copper-UDV (33) 0.00–4.00 0.20 Bicinchoninic Acid (1) 100

Cyanide (35) 0.00-0.50 0.50 Pyridine-Barbituric Acid 100

Cyanuric Acid (36) 0–200 16 Melamine (1) 40

Cyanuric Acid-UDV (37) 0–150 5 Melamine (1) 100

DEHA (037) See Oxygen Scavengers

Dissolved Oxygen (39) 0.0–12.0 0.25 Winkler Colorimetric (3) 100

Erythorbic Acid (049) See Oxygen Scavengers

Fluoride (41) 0.00–2.00 0.05 SPADNS (2) 50

Hardness (Total) UDV (043) 10–500 10 Unit dose Vial (1) 100

Hydrazine (45) 0.000–0.750 0.010 P-dimethyl-

Hydrogen PeroxideLow Range (46)

Hydrogen PeroxideHigh Range (47)

Hydrogen Peroxide-Shock (48) 0–225 4 DPD (2) 100

Hydroquinone (049) See Oxygen Scavengers

Iodine (050) 0.00–14.00 0.08 DPD (2) 100

Iron-Bipyridyl (51) 0.00–6.00 0.06 Bipyridyl (2) 50

Iron-Phenanthroline (53) 0.00–4.50 0.04 1,10 Phenanthroline (2) 50

Iron-UDV (52) 0.00–10.00 0.07 Bipyridyl (1) 100

Lead (54) 0.00–5.00 0.10 PAR (5) 50

Manganese-Low Range (55) 0.00–0.50 0.02 PAN (3) 50

Manganese-High Range (56) 0.0–15.0 0.3 Periodate (2) 50

Mercury (57) 0.00–1.50 0.02 TMK (3) 50

Methylethylketoxime (058) See Oxygen Scavengers

Molybdenum-High Range (61) 0.0–30.0 0.2 Thioglycolate (3) 50

Nickel (63) 0.00–8.00 0.06 Dimethylglyoxime (6) 50

Nitrate-TesTab (66) 0-60 2.5 Zinc Reucion (1) 50

0.000–0.700 0.005 Iron Reduction (3) 100

0.00–3.00 0.02 Iron Reduction (3) 100

50

aminobenzaldehyde (2)

0.00–1.50 0.02 DPD (2) 100

0–60 1 DPD (2) 50

0.00–1.80 0.01 Iron Reduction (3) 100

0.00–3.00 0.02 Iron Reduction (3) 100

Nitrate NitrogenLow Range (64)

Nitrite-TesTab (69) 0.00-1.25 0.025 Zinc Reduction (1) 50

Nitrite NitrogenLow Range (67)

Nitrogen, Total (62) 0-25 mg/L 2 mg/L Chromotropic Acid/

Oxygen Scanvengers various various DEHA (3) 50

Ozone-Low Range (071) 0.00–0.40 0.02 Indigo Trisulfonate (3) 100

Ozone-High Range (072) 0.00–1.50 0.05 Indigo Trisulfonate (3) 20

pH-Chlorophenol Red (073) 5.0-7.0 – Chlorophenol Red (1) 100

pH-Phenol Red (074) 6.6–8.4 – Phenol Red (1) 100

pH-Thymol Blue (075) 8.0–9.5 – Thymol Blue (1) 100

Phenol (77) 0.00-6.00 0.05 Aminoantipyrine (3) 50

Phosphate-Low Range (78) 0.00–3.00 0.04 Ascorbic Acid Reduction

Phosphate-High Range (79) 0.0–70.0 1.0 Vanodomolybd-

Phosphorus, Total, Low Range (82)

Phosphorus, Total, High-Range (83)

Potassium (81) 0.0-10.0 0.5 Tetraphenolboron (2) 100

Silica-Low Range (85) 0.00–2.50 0.03 Heteropoly Blue (4) 50

Silica-High Range (86) 0–50 1 Silicomolybdate (3) 50

Sulfate-High Range (89) 5–100 5 Barium Chloride (1) 100

Sulﬁ de-Low Range (90) 0.00–1.00 0.02 Methylene Blue (3) 50

Surfactants (94) 0.00-8.00 0.5 Bromphenol Blue (3) 50

Tannin (96) 0.0–10.0 0.2 Tungsto-

Tolytriazole (009) See Benzotriazole

Turbidity (98) 2-400 FTU 2 FTU Absorption (0) –

Zinc-Low Range (99) 0.00–3.00 0.025 Zincon (6) 50

0.00–3.00 0.05 Cadmium Reduction (2) 20

0.00–0.80 0.02 Diazotization (2) 20

Digestion (6)

(2)

phosphoric Acid (1)

0.00–3.00 mg/L

0.0–70.0 mg/L

0.0–30.0 1.0 UV Photolysis (3) 50

0.07 Ascorbic Acid/Digestion 25

5.0 mg/L

Molybdovanadate/ Digestion (5)

molybdophosphoric Acid (2)

25

50

25

50

ALKALINITY, UDV

UNIT DOSE VIAL METHOD • CODE 4318-J-01

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

1 Alkalinity Unit Dose Vials, 20 pouches 4318-J

Equipment needed but not supplied:

STANDARD ACCESSORY PACKAGE • CODE 1961

1 Package of 3 Vials (empty) 0156

1 Syringe, 6 mL, plastic 1184

1 Foil Storage Bag 9467

Or:

ADVANCED ACCESSORY PACKAGE • CODE 1962

1 Pipettor 30528

1 Pipet Tip (0-5 mL) 30695

1 Cuvette Rack 31695

1 Package of 3 Vials (empty) 0156

1 Foil Storage Bag 9467

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

Test Procedures

Alkalinity is a measure of the acid-neutralizing capacity of water that enables it to resist abrupt changes in pH. It is the sum of all titratable bases. Alkalinity is signiﬁ cant in maintaining proper pH levels in natural water; water used for irrigation, swimming pools, industrial processes and wastewater treatment processes.

The presence of buffering materials in natural waters helps to neutralize acids as they are added to, or created in, the water ecosystem. A Total Alkalinity of 100 to 200 ppm will stabilize the pH level in a stream. In swimming pools, total alkalinity is commonly known as a pH stabilizer because, when the alkalinity is at a proper level, a consistent pH level can be maintained while treatment chemicals or fresh make-up water is added. In industrial situations, alkalinity is an important factor in preventing ﬂ uctuating pH levels that can damage equipment and corrode pipes.

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 ALKALINITY, UDV

APPLICATION: Drinking and surface water and swimming pool water

RANGE: 0–200 ppm as CaCO

3

MDL: 15 ppm

METHOD: The sample is added to a buffered indicator reagent.

The color that develops, ranging from yellow to blue, will indicate the amount of alkalinity in the sample.

SAMPLE HANDLING & PRESERVATION:

Samples should be analyzed as soon as possible after collection. Sample may be refrigerated for 24 hours.

INTERFERENCES: Quats and poly quats at high concentrations will

interfere.

Test Procedures

ALKALINITY, UDV SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

PROCEDURE

1. Use 10 mm square cell adapter

2. Press and hold ON button until spectrophotometer turns on.

3. Scroll to and select PROGRAMMED TESTS.

4. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing

2 Alk-UDV) from TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 2 Alk-UDV from menu.

6. Rinse a clean vial (0156) with sample water.

7. Use the syringe (1184) to add 3 mL of sample to the vial.

8. Insert the vial into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

9. Remove vial from Spectro.

10. Use the syringe (1184) to add 3 mL of sample to a Alk UDV vial (4318).

11. Wait 2 minutes.

12. Invert vial 3 times to mix.

NOTE: If powder residue remains in the bottom of the vial after inverting or air bubbles form, invert once more and tap bottom of vial sharply once or twice to dislodge powder and bubbles. Mix.

13. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Record

result.

14. Press OFF button to turn the spectrophotometer off or press EXIT button to

exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTES: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

Test Procedures

UDVs from opened pouches should be used promptly. Store unused vials from opened pouches in the Foil Storage Bag (9467) to extend the shelf life of the reagent. Generally, UDVs stored in the bag should be used within 10 days if the humidity is less than 50% and within 5 days if humidity is greater than 50%. The Foil Storage Bag contains a dessicant pack with indicator. When the indicator in the window turns from blue to pink, the bag should be replaced.

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 ALKALINITY, UDV

Test Procedures

ALKALINITY, UDV SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

ALUMINUM

ERIOCHROME CYANINE R METHOD • CODE 364I-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

5 g * Aluminum Inhibitor Reagent *7865-C

2 x 120 mL * Aluminum Buffer Reagent *7866-J

120 mL Aluminum Indicator Reagent 7867-J

15 mL Aluminum Complexing Reagent 7868-E

1 Spoon, 0.1 g, plastic 0699

1 Spoon, 0.05 g, plastic 0696

2 Pipets, 1.0 mL, plastic 0354

1 Test Tube, glass, 5 mL w/cap 0230

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

Aluminum is the third most common element in the earth’s crust, which accounts for its wide appearance in many water supplies. Aluminum exists in water as soluble salts, colloidal compounds, and insoluble compounds. In wastewater that has been treated by alum coagulation it will appear in one or more of the above forms. Properly treated drinking water should have an aluminum concentration below 0.05 mg/L.

Test Procedures

APPLICATION: Drinking, surface, and saline waters; domestic and

industrial wastewater.

RANGE: 0.00–0.30 ppm Aluminum

MDL: 0.01 ppm

METHOD: Aluminum ions buffered to a pH of 6.0 react with

Eriochrome Cyanine R dye to produce a pink to red complex in proportion to the concentration.

SAMPLE HANDLING & PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCES: Fluoride and polyphosphate will interfere. Interference

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 ALUMINUM

Collect sample in acid washed glass or plastic bottle. Analyze as soon as possible.

from iron and manganese is eliminated by the addition of an inhibitor.

PROCEDURE

Use universal sample holder.

1. Press and hold ON button until spectrophotometer turns on.

2. Scroll to and select PROGRAMMED TESTS.

3. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 1 Aluminum).

4. Scroll to and select 1 Aluminum from menu.

5. Rinse a clean Spectro tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with sample.

6. Insert tube into Spectro chamber and select SCAN BLANK.

7. Rinse a clean test tube (0230) with sample water. Fill to the 5 mL line with sample.

8. Remove tube from Spectro. Empty sample from Spectro tube (0290).

9. Add 5 mL sample from test tube (0230) to empty Spectro tube (0290).

10. Use the 0.05 g spoon (0696) to add one measure of *Aluminum Inhibitor Reagent (7865). Cap and mix to dissolve powder.

11. Use a 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 2 mL of *Aluminum Buffer Reagent (7866). Cap and mix.

12. Use a second 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of Aluminum Indicator Reagent (7867). Cap and mix contents. Wait 5 minutes for maximum color development.

13. At end of 5 minute waiting period, mix, insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Record result.

14. Press OFF button to turn the spectrophotometer off or press EXIT button to

Test Procedures

exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTE: For the best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank. Add 5 drops of Aluminum Complexing Reagent (7868). Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

ALUMINUM SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

AMMONIA-NITROGEN, LOW RANGE

SALICYLATE METHOD • CODE 3659-01-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

60 mL *Salicylate Ammonia #1 *3978-H

10 g *Salicylate #2 *7457-D

2 x 5 g *Salicylate #3 Reagent Powder *7458-C

1 Spoon, 0.1 g, plastic 0699

1 Spoon, 0.15 g, plastic 0727

1 Pipet, 1.0 mL, plastic 0354

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

Ammonia nitrogen is present in various concentrations in many surface and ground water supplies. Any sudden change in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in a water supply is cause for suspicion. A product of microbiological activity, ammonia nitrogen is sometimes accepted as chemical evidence of pollution when encountered in natural waters.

Ammonia is rapidly oxidized in natural water systems by special bacterial groups that produce nitrite and nitrate. This oxidation requires that dissolved oxygen be available in the water. Ammonia is an additional source of nitrogen as a nutrient which may contribute to the expanded growth of undesirable algae and other forms of plant growth that overload the natural system and cause pollution.

Test Procedures

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 AMMONIA-NITROGEN, Low Range

APPLICATION: Low concentrations of ammonia in fresh, brackish and salt

water; fresh and salt water aquariums.

RANGE: 0.00–1.00 ppm Ammonia-Nitrogen

MDL: 0.02 ppm Fresh Waer

0.10 ppm Salt Water

METHOD: Salicylate and ammonia react at high pH in the presence

of a chlorine donor and an iron catalyst to form a blue indophenol dye, the concentration of which is proportional to the ammonia concentration in the sample.

SAMPLE HANDLE & PRESERVATION:

Ammonia solutions tend to be unstable and should be analyzed immediately. Samples may be stored for 24 hours at 4°C or 28 days at –20°C.

INTERFERENCES: There are few interferences in most natural waters. High

concentrations of reducing agents, such as hydrazine, react with the chlorine donor and can result in negative interferences. Color and turbidity can also interfere.

Test Procedures

AMMONIA-NITROGEN, Low Range SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

PROCEDURE–FRESH WATER

Use universal sample holder.

1. Press and hold ON button until spectrophotometer turns on.

2. Scroll to and select PROGRAMMED TESTS from menu.

3. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 3 Ammonia-N LF) from TESTING MENU.

4. Scroll to and select 3 Ammonia-N LF from menu.

5. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with sample.

6. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK. (See Note.)

7. Remove tube from Spectro. Use the 1.0 mL plastic pipet (0354) to add 2.0 mL of *Salicylate Ammonia #1 (3978). Cap and mix.

8. Use the 0.15 g spoon (0727) to add two measures of *Salicylate #2 Reagent (7457). Cap and mix until dissolved. Wait 1 minute.

9. At end of 1 minute waiting period use 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add two measures of *Salicylate #3 Reagent Powder (7458). Cap and shake vigorously for at least 30 seconds and all solid has dissolved. Wait 12 minutes for maximum color development.

10. At the end of 12 minute waiting period, mix, insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Record result.

11. Press OFF button to turn spectrophotometer off or press EXIT button to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

Test Procedures

CALCULATIONS:

To express results as Unionized Ammonia (NH

):

3

ppm Unionized Ammonia (NH3) =

ppm Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3–N) x 1.2

To express results as Ionized Ammonia (NH4):

ppm Ionized Ammonia (NH4+) =

ppm Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3–N) x 1.3

NOTES: For the best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 AMMONIA-NITROGEN, Low Range

To determine the percentage of Ammonia-Nitrogen that is unionized and ionized, consult the Appendix.

PROCEDURE–SALT WATER

Use universal sample holder.

1. Press and hold ON button until spectrophotometer turns on.

2. Scroll to and select PROGRAMMED TESTS from menu.

3. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 4 Ammonia-N LS) from TESTING MENU.

4. Scroll to and select 4 Ammonia-N LS from menu.

5. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with sample.

6. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK. (See Note.)

7. Remove tube from Spectro. Use the 1.0 mL plastic pipet (0354) to add 2.0 mL of *Salicylate Ammonia #1 (3978). Cap and mix.

8. Use the 0.15 g spoon (0727) to add two measures of *Salicylate #2 Reagent (7457). Cap and mix until dissolved. Wait 1 minute.

9. At end of 1 minute waiting period use 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add two measures of *Salicylate #3 Reagent Powder (7458). Cap and shake vigorously for at least 30 seconds and all solid has dissolved. Wait 20 minutes for maximum color development.

10. At the end of 20 minute waiting period, mix, insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Record result.

11. Press OFF button to turn spectrophotometer off or press EXIT button to exit to

Test Procedures

a previous menu or make another menu selection.

AMMONIA-NITROGEN, Low Range SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

CALCULATIONS:

To express results as Unionized Ammonia (NH3):

ppm Unionized Ammonia (NH3) =

ppm Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3–N) x 1.2

To express results as Ionized Ammonia (NH4):

ppm Ionized Ammonia (NH4+) =

ppm Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3–N) x 1.3

NOTES: For the best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

To determine the percentage of Ammonia-Nitrogen that is unionized and ionized, consult the Appendix.

Test Procedures

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 AMMONIA-NITROGEN, Low Range

Test Procedures

AMMONIA-NITROGEN, Low Range SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

AMMONIA-NITROGEN, HIGH RANGE

NESSLERIZATION METHOD • CODE 3642-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

30 mL Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent #1 V-4797-G

2 x 30 mL *Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent #2 *V-4798-G

1 Pipet, 1 mL, plastic 0354

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

Ammonia nitrogen is present in various concentrations in many surface and ground water supplies. Any sudden change in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in a water supply is cause for suspicion. A product of microbiological activity, ammonia nitrogen is sometimes accepted as chemical evidence of pollution when encountered in natural waters.

Ammonia is rapidly oxidized in natural water systems by special bacterial groups that produce nitrite and nitrate. This oxidation requires that dissolved oxygen be available in the water. Ammonia is an additional source of nitrogen as a nutrient which may contribute to the expanded growth of undesirable algae and other forms of plant growth that overload the natural system and cause pollution.

APPLICATION: Drinking, surface, and saline waters; domestic and

industrial wastes.

RANGE: 0.00–4.00 ppm Ammonia Nitrogen

MDL: 0.05 ppm

METHOD: Ammonia forms a colored complex with Nessler’s

Reagent in proportion to the amount of ammonia present in the sample. Rochelle salt is added to prevent precipitation of calcium or magnesium in undistilled samples.

SAMPLE HANDLING & PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCES: Sample turbidity and color may interfere. Turbidity may

Ammonia solutions tend to be unstable and should be analyzed immediately. Sample may be stored for 24 hours at 4°C or 28 days at –20°C.

be removed by a ﬁ ltration procedure. Color interference may be eliminated by blanking the instrument with a sample blank.

Test Procedures

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 AMMONIA-NITROGEN, High Range

PROCEDURE

Use universal sample holder.

1. Press and hold ON button until spectrophotometer turns on.

2. Scroll to and select PROGRAMMED TESTS.

3. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 5 Ammonia-N H) from TESTING MENU.

4. Scroll to and select 5 Ammonia-N H from menu.

5. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with sample.

6. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK. (See Note)

7. Remove tube from Spectro. Add 8 drops of Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent #1 (V-4797). Cap and mix. Wait 1 minute.

8. Use the 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 1.0 mL of *Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent #2 (V-4798). Cap and mix. Allow 5 minutes for maximum color development.

9. At end of 5 minute waiting period, mix, insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Record result.

10. Press OFF button to turn the spectrophotometer off or press the EXIT button exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

CALCULATIONS:

To express results as Unionized Ammonia (NH

):

3

ppm Unionized Ammonia (NH3) =

ppm Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3–N) x 1.2

To express results as Ionized Ammonia (NH4):

Test Procedures

ppm Ionized Ammonia (NH4+) =

ppm Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3–N) x 1.3

NOTES: For the best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

To determine the percentage of Ammonia-Nitrogen that is unionized and ionized, consult the Appendix.

AMMONIA-NITROGEN, High Range SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

BIGUANIDE

COLORIMETRIC METHOD • CODE 4044

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

2 X 60 mL Biguanide Indicator 3994-H

1 Pipet, plastic, 1.0 mL 0354

Biguanide is a non-chlorine, non-bromine chemical sanitizer. It is more stable than chlorine or bromine and has little chemical odor. Biquanide is an effective bacteriacide but, unlike chlorine and bromine, it does not destroy organic contaminants. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide is added to biguanide pools on a regular basis to eliminate organic contaminants. The optimum recommended level of biguanide is 30 to 50 ppm.

APPLICATION: Swimming pools

RANGE: 0-70 ppm

MDL: 5 ppm

METHOD: Biguanide complexes with the proprietary indicator to

produce a colored solution. The color ranges from yellow through green to blue depending on the biguanide concentration.

SAMPLE HANDLING & PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCES: The only interfering substances that are likely to be

Samples should be analyzed as soon as possible.

encountered in pool water are oxidized manganese and oxidizing agents, such as chlorine, bromine and ozone.

Test Procedures

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 BIGUANIDE

PROCEDURE

Use universal sample holder

1. Press and hold ON button until spectrophotometer turns on.

2. Scroll to and select PROGRAMMED TESTS.

3. Select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 7 Biguanide from TESTING MENU.

4. Scroll to and select 7 Biguanide from menu.

5. Rinse a tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to 10 mL with sample.

6. Insert the tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

7. Remove the tube from colorimeter.

8. Use the 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 2.0 mL of Biguanide Indicator (3994). Cap and invert three times to mix.

9. Wait 1 minute.

10. Insert the tube into chamber. Close lid.

11. Select SCAN SAMPLE. Record result in ppm Biguanide

12. Press OFF button to turn the spectrophotometer off or press EXIT button to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTE: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to

Test Procedures

determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

BIGUANIDE SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

BORON

AZOMETHINE-H METHOD • CODE 4868

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

120 mL *Boron Buffer *4869-J

10 g *Boron Indicator Powder *4870-D

1 Pipet, plastic, 1.0 mL 0354

1 Spoon, 0.15 g 0727

1 Dark Storage Chamber, brown 0108

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

Small amounts of boron are necessary for plant growth but large amounts can be toxic. In humans, boron aids in the uptake of calcium and the production of strong bones. An excess of boron can affect the central nervous system resulting in a syndrome known as borism. Some natural waters may contain small amounts of boron. Large concentrations may be due to industrial efﬂ uent entering waterways. Boron compounds are used in cleaning compounds, paper and paints, fertilizers, glass and ceramics, ﬁ re retardants and the production of alloys. In the atomic energy ﬁ eld, boron is a component of neutron shields and nuclear reactors. Some swimming pools use boron buffering systems.

Test Procedures

APPLICATION: Surface and saline waters, hydroponic solutions,

industrial waste, swimming pools.

RANGE: 0.00–0.80 ppm Boron

MDL: 0.05 ppm

METHOD: Azomethine-H and borate form a yellow complex at pH 6

in proportion to the concentration of boron present.

SAMPLE HANDLING & PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCES: Interferences in drinking water are unlikely. Manganese,

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 BORON

Store samples in polyethylene bottles. Do not use borate detergents or glassware.

zirconium, chromium, titanium, copper, vanadium, aluminum, beryllium and iron may cause high results.

PROCEDURE

Use universal sample holder

1. This test requires a Reagent Blank. Rinse a tube (0290) with clear, colorless, boron free water. Fill to 10 mL line with clear, colorless, boron free water.

2. Use the 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 2 mL of *Boron Buffer (4869). Cap and mix.

3. Use the 0.15 g spoon (0727) to add one level measure of *Boron Indicator Powder (4870). Press full spoon against side of jar to compress powder. Scrape off excess powder on inside neck of bottle. Tap excess off spoon handle.

4. Cap and shake vigorously for 30 seconds.

5. Insert the tube into meter chamber. Close lid.

6. Start a timer set for 30 minutes. Do not open the lid during the waiting time. The reaction is photosensitive.

7. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with Sample Water. Fill to the 10 mL line with sample water. Repeat steps 2-4.

8. Insert the tube into the Dark Storage Chamber (29849). Close top.

9. Start a second timer set for 30 minutes. Do not open the chamber during the waiting time. The reaction is photosensitive.

10. When 2 minutes remain on the ﬁ rst timer (Reagent Blank), press and hold ON button until spectrophotometer turns on.

11. Scroll to and select PROGRAMMED TESTS.

12. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 8 Boron) from TESTING MENU.

13. Scroll to and select 8 Boron from menu.

Test Procedures

14. At the end of the Reagent Blank 30 minute waiting period, remove Reagent Blank tube from meter chamber. Invert several times to mix.

15. Insert the tube into meter chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

16. Remove the tube from spectrophotometer.

17. At the end of the Sample Water 30 minute waiting period, remove Sample Water tube from Dark Storage Chamber. Invert several times to mix.

18. Insert tube into meter chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Record result in ppm boron.

19. Press OFF button to turn the spectrophotometer off or press EXIT button to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

BORON SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

BROMINE, UDV

DPD UNIT DOSE VIAL METHOD • CODE 4311-J

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

1 *Free Chlorine Unit Dose Vials, 20 pouches *4311-J

Equipment needed but not supplied:

STANDARD ACCESSORY PACKAGE • CODE 1961

1 Package of 3 Vials (empty) 0156

1 Syringe, 3 mL, plastic 1184

1 Foil Storage Bag 9467

Or:

ADVANCED ACCESSORY PACKAGE • CODE 1962

1 Pipettor, 3 mL 30528

1 Pipet Tip (0-5 mL) 30695

1 Cuvette Rack 31695

1 Package of 3 Vials (empty) 0156

1 Foil Storage Bag 9467

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

Test Procedures

Like chlorine, bromine is an effective germicidal agent employed in drinking water treatment, pool and spa water sanitation, food service sanitation, and other public health applications.

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 BROMINE, UDV

APPLICATION: Drinking, surface, and saline waters; domestic and

industrial waters and wastes.

RANGE: 0.0 – 22.0 ppm Bromine

MDL: 0.3 ppm

METHOD: In buffered sample bromine reacts with diethyl-p-

phenylene diamine (DPD) to produce a pink-red color in proportion to the concentration of bromine present.

SAMPLE HANDLING & PRESERVATION:

Bromine in aqueous solutions is not stable, and the bromine content of samples or solutions, particularly weak solutions, will rapidly decrease. Exposure to sunlight or agitation will accelerate the reduction of bromine present in such solutions. For best results start analysis immediately after sampling. Samples to be analyzed for bromine cannot be preserved or stored.

INTERFERENCES: The only interfering substance likely to be encountered

in water is oxidized manganese. The extent of this interference can be determined by treating a sample with sodium arsenite to destroy the bromine present so that the degree of interference can be estimated.

Iodine and chlorine can also interfere, but these are not normally present unless they have been added as sanitizers.

Test Procedures

BROMINE, UDV SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

PROCEDURE

Use 10 mm square cell adapter

1. Press and hold ON button until spectrophotometer turns on.

2. Scroll to and select PROGRAMMED TESTS.

3. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 11 Bromine-UDV) from TESTING MENU.

4. Scroll to and select 11 Bromine-UDV from menu.

5. Rinse a clean vial (0156) with sample water.

6. Use the syringe (1184) to add 3mL of sample to the vial.

7. Insert the vial into chamber, close the lid and select SCAN BLANK.

8. Remove the vial from the Spectro.

9. Use the syringe (1184) to add 3mL of sample to a *Free Chlorine UDV (4311).

10. Shake vigorously until powder dissolves completely. NOTE: If powder residue remains in the bottom of the vial after inverting or air bubbles form, invert once more and tap bottom of vial sharply once or twice to dislodge powder and bubbles. Mix.

11. Immediately insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Record result in ppm bromine.

12. Press OFF button to turn the spectrophotometer off or press EXIT button to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

Test Procedures

NOTE: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

NOTE: UDVs from opened pouches should be used promptly. Store unused vials from opened pouches in the Foil Storage Bag (9467) to extend the shelf life of the reagent. Generally, UDVs stored in the bag should be used within 10 days if the humidity is less than 50% and within 5 days if humidity is greater than 50%. The Foil Storage Bag contains a desiccant pack with indicator. When the indicator in the window turns from blue to pink, the bag should be replaced.

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 BROMINE, UDV

Test Procedures

BROMINE, UDV SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

CADMIUM

PAN METHOD • CODE 4017-01

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

60 mL Buffered Ammonia Reagent 4020-H

15 mL Sodium Citrate, 10% 6253-E

30 mL *PAN Indicator *4021-G

30 mL Stabilizing Reagent 4022-G

1 Pipet, 1.0 mL, plastic 0354

2 Pipet, 0.5 mL, plastic 0369

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

Cadmium is used in batteries, paint pigments, electroplating processes, and with other metals in the preparation of alloys. The solubility of cadmium in natural water is proportional to the hardness or alkalinity of the water. Cadmium is not an essential nutrient for plants and animals. It is extremely toxic and can accumulate in the kidneys and liver.

APPLICATION: Drinking and surface waters; domestic and industrial

wastewater.

RANGE: 0.00–1.00 Cadmium

MDL: 0.02 ppm

METHOD: PAN (1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol) forms a red complex

with Cadmium (Cd+2) at a pH of 10.

SAMPLE HANDLING & PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCES: Ag

Analyze sample as soon as possible. If sample must be stored, acidify with nitric acid to a pH below 2.

+2

, Co+2, Cu+2, Mn+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, Y+3, In

+3

Test Procedures

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 CADMIUM

PROCEDURE

1. Use universal sample holder.

2. Press and hold ON button until spectrophotometer turns on.

3. Scroll to and select PROGRAMMED TESTS.

4. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 12 Cadmium) from TESTING MENU.

5. Scroll to and select 12 Cadmium from menu.

6. Rinse a tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with sample.

7. Insert the tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

8. Remove tube from Spectro. Use the 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 1.0 mL of *Buffered Ammonia Reagent (4020). Swirl to mix.

9. Add two drops of Sodium Citrate, 10% (6253). Swirl to mix.

10. Use a 0.5 mL pipet (0369) to add 0.5 mL of PAN Indicator (4021). Swirl to mix.

11. Use a 0.5 mL pipet (0369) to add 0.5 mL Stabilizing Reagent (4022). Cap and mix.

12. Immediately insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Record result.

13. Press OFF button to turn the spectrophotometer off or press EXIT button to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTE: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent

Test Procedures

blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

CADMIUM SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM (TOTAL) HARDNESS, UDV

UNIT DOSE VIAL METHOD • CODE 4309-J

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

1 Calcium Hardness Unit Dose Vials, 20 pouches 4309-J

Equipment needed but not supplied:

STANDARD ACCESSORY PACKAGE • CODE 1961

1 Package of 3 Vials (empty) 0156

1 Syringe, 3 mL, plastic 1184

1 Foil Storage Bag 9467

Or:

ADVANCED ACCESSORY PACKAGE • CODE 1962

1 Pipettor, 3 mL 30528

1 Pipet Tips (0-5 mL) 30695

1 Cuvette Rack 31695

1 Package of 3 Vials (empty) 0156

1 Foil Storage Bag 9467

Test Procedures

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

APPLICATION: Drinking and surface waters; swimming pool water.

RANGE: 10–500 as CaCO

MDL: 10 ppm

METHOD: Calcium and magnesium react in a strongly buffered

medium with an indicator to develop a pale purple color in proportion to the concentration.

SAMPLE HANDLING & PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCES: Heavy metals will interfere.

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM HARDNESS, UDV

Samples should be analyzed as soon as possible after collection. If storage is necessary, add 0.5 mL of 20 % hydrochloric acid per 100 mL of sample. However, the added acid will have to be neutralized with NaOH before testing.

Total Hardness

3

PROCEDURE

Use 10 mm square cell adapter

1. Press and hold ON button until spectrophotometer turns on.

2. Scroll to and select PROGRAMMED TESTS.

3. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 13 Ca&Mg Hard-UDV) from TESTING MENU.

4. Scroll to and select 13 Ca&Mg Hard-UDV from menu.

5. Rinse a clean vial (0156) with sample water.

6. Use the syringe (1184) to add 3mL of sample to the vial.

7. Insert the vial into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

8. Remove vial from Spectro.

9. Use the syringe (1184) to add 3mL of sample to a Calcium Hardness UDV vial (4309).

10. Shake vigorously for 10 seconds. NOTE: If powder residue remains in the bottom of the vial after shaking, or if air bubbles form, invert vial once more and tap bottom of vial sharply once or twice to dislodge powder or bubbles. Mix.

11. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Record result.

12. Press OFF button to turn the spectrophotometer off or press EXIT button to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTES: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or

Test Procedures

deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

UDVs from opened pouches should be used promptly. Store unused vials from opened pouches in the Foil Storage Bag (9467) to extend the shelf life of the reagent. Generally, UDVs stored in the bag should be used within 10 days if the humidity is less than 50% and within 5 days if humidity is greater than 50%. The Foil Storage Bag contains a desiccant pack with indicator. When the indicator in the window turns from blue to pink, the bag should be replaced.

CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM HARDNESS, UDV SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

CHLORIDE, TESTAB

ARGENTOMETRIC TESTAB METHOD • CODE 3693-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

50 *Chloride Spectrophotometric Grade Tablets *3885A-H

1 Tablet Crusher 0175

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

Chloride is one of the major anions found in water and sewage. The presence of chlorides in large amounts may be due to the natural process of water passing through salt formations in the earth, or it may be evidence of the intrusion of seawater or pollution from industrial processes or domestic wastes. The salt content of water affects the distribution of plant and animal life in an aquatic system, based on the amount of salt they can tolerate.

APPLICATION: Drinking, surface, and saline waters; domestic and

industrial wastewaters.

RANGE: 0.0–30.0 ppm Chloride

MDL: 0.5 ppm

METHOD: Silver nitrate reacts with chloride to form turbid silver

chloride in proportion to the amount of chloride in the sample.

SAMPLE HANDLING & PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCES: Substances in amounts normally found in drinking water

Collect samples in clean, chemically-resistant glass or plastic containers. No preservative is needed if sample is to be stored.

will not interfere. Bromide, iodide, cyanide, sulﬁ de, thiosulfate, sulﬁ de and orthophosphate will interfere.

Test Procedures

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 CHLORIDE, TesTab

PROCEDURE

Use universal sample holder

1. Press and hold ON button until spectrophotometer turns on.

2. Scroll to and select PROGRAMMED TESTS.

3. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 21 Chloride-TT) from TESTING MENU.

4. Scroll to and select 21 Chloride-TT from menu.

5. Rinse a tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to 10 mL with sample.

6. Insert the tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

7. Remove the tube from Spectro.

8. Add one *Chloride Spectrophotometric Grade Tablet (3885A).

9. Use Tablet Crusher (0175) to crush tablet.

10. Cap tube.

11. Invert 2 times.

12. Wait 3 minutes. Do NOT mix.

13. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Record result in ppm chloride.

14. Press OFF button to turn the colorimeter off or press EXIT button to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTE: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent

Test Procedures

blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples.

The reagent system is temperature sensitive. The calibration is for 25ºC. If sample is at 30ºC, multiply resulting ppm by 1.1. If the sample is at 20ºC, multiply resulting ppm by 0.9.

CHLORIDE, TesTab SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

CHLORINE, BROMINE, IODINE

DPD METHOD • CODE 3643-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

100 * DPD #1 Instrument Grade Tablets *6903A-J

100 *DPD #3 Instrument Grade Tablets *6197A-J

15 mL Glycine Solution 6811-E

1 Tablet Crusher 0175

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

All water for cities and communities must be sanitized; even waters that come from clean sources, protected watersheds, reservoirs, and deep wells, are commonly sanitized to assure safety. Chlorine is the most commonly used sanitizer for several reasons: it is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, the cost is low, and the methods of applying it have been well developed. If an adequate concentration of chlorine is present in the water for a few minutes, disease producing bacteria will be destroyed. A number of conditions affect the sanitizing action of chlorine. In municipal systems these can be controlled so that if chlorine is detectable, it can be assumed that bacteria have been killed. The factors that inﬂ uence the rate of kill are temperature, pH, presence of other materials that react with chlorine, time, and the concentrations of the various chlorine combinations that are formed in the water with ammonia and other substances that react with chlorine.

Test Procedures

The fact that chlorine can be easily detected and measured makes chlorine a favorite water sanitizer of those concerned with the public safety of water supplies. Chlorine concentrations in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 parts per million are usually maintained in municipal supplies.

Chlorine can be added in the form of chlorine gas, liquid sodium hypochlorite (bleach), granular calcium hypochlorite or as organic chlorine compounds. Chlorine is not present in natural water supplies; if it is present it is the result of chlorination of a water supply or of chlorinated compounds being discharged as waste from industrial operations. The presence of chlorine in concentrations above

0.5 parts per million should be considered evidence of pollution from chlorine treated efﬂ uents or from a process in which high concentrations of chlorine are used.

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 CHLORINE, BROMINE, IODINE

APPLICATION: Drinking, surface, and saline waters; swimming

pool water; domestic and industrial wastes.

RANGE: 0.00–4.00 ppm Chlorine

MDL: 0.02 ppm

METHOD: In the absence of iodide, free available chlorine

reacts instantly with DPD to produce a red color. Subsequent addition of potassium iodide evokes a rapid color response from the combined forms of chlorine (chloramines).

SAMPLE HANDLING & PRESERVATION:

Chlorine in aqueous solutions is not stable, and the chlorine content of samples or solutions, particularly weak solutions, will rapidly decrease. Exposure to sunlight or agitation will accelerate the reduction of chlorine present in such solutions. For best results, start analysis immediately after sampling. Samples to be analyzed for chlorine cannot be preserved or stored.

INTERFERENCE: The only interfering substance likely to be

encountered in water is oxidized manganese. The extent of this interference can be determined by treating a sample with sodium arsenite to destroy the chlorine present so that the degree of interference can be measured.

Iodine and bromine can give a positive interference, but these are not normally present unless they have been added as sanitizers.

Test Procedures

CHLORINE-BROMINE-IODINE SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

PROCEDURE–FREE CHLORINE

Use universal sample holder.

1. Press and hold ON button until spectrophotometer turns on.

2. Scroll to and select PROGRAMMED TESTS.

3. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 15 Chlorine) from TESTING MENU.

4. Scroll to and select 15 Chlorine from menu.

5. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with sample.

6. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

7. Remove tube from Spectro and pour off all but a sufﬁ cient amount of sample water to cover a tablet. Add one *Chlorine DPD #1 Instrument Grade Tablet (6903A). Crush tablet with a tablet crusher (0175), then add sample water until tube is ﬁ lled to 10 mL line. Cap tube and shake until tablet has dissolved. Solution will turn pink if free chlorine is present. Wait 15 seconds, but no longer than 30 seconds. Mix.

8. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE.

PROCEDURE–COMBINED CHLORINE

Use universal sample holder.

9. Add one *Chlorine DPD #3 Instrument Grade Tablet (6197A) to sample from Step 8 above. Crush tablet with tablet crusher (0175). Cap tube and shake until tablet dissolves. An increase in color represents combined chlorine. NOTE: For wastewater samples, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater recommends waiting 2 minutes for full color development.

10. Insert sample into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Record result as Total Chlorine.

11. Subtract free chlorine reading from total chlorine reading to obtain concentration of combined chlorine.

12. Press the OFF button to turn off the spectrophotometer or press the EXIT button to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 CHLORINE, BROMINE, IODINE

Test Procedures

BROMINE

Like chlorine, bromine is an effective germicidal agent employed in drinking water treatment, pool and spa water sanitation, food service sanitation, and other public health applications.

APPLICATION: Drinking, surface, and saline waters; swimming pool

water; domestic and industrial waters and wastes.

RANGE: 0.00–9.00 ppm Bromine

MDL: 0.04 ppm

METHOD: In buffered sample bromine reacts with diethyl-p-

phenylene diamine (DPD) to produce a pink-red color in proportion to the concentration of bromine present.

SAMPLE HANDLING & PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCE: The only interfering substance likely to be encountered

Bromine in aqueous solutions is not stable, and the bromine content of samples or solutions, particularly weak solutions, will rapidly decrease. Exposure to sunlight or agitation will accelerate the reduction of bromine present in such solutions. For best results start analysis immediately after sampling. Samples to be analyzed for bromine cannot be preserved or stored.

in water is oxidized manganese. The extent of this interference can be determined by treating a sample with sodium arsenite to destroy the bromine present so that the degree of interference can be estimated.

Iodine and chlorine can also interfere, but these are not normally present unless they have been added as sanitizers.

Test Procedures

CHLORINE, BROMINE, IODINE SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

PROCEDURE A: BROMINE (NO CHLORINE)

Use universal sample holder.

1. Press and hold ON button until spectrophotometer turns on.

2. Scroll to and select PROGRAMMED TESTS.

3. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 9 Bromine-LR) from TESTING MENU.

4. Scroll to and select 9 Bromine-LR from menu.

5. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with sample.

6. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

7. Remove tube from Spectro. Pour out all but a sufﬁ cient amount of sample water to cover a tablet. Add one *DPD #1 Instrument Grade Tablet (6903A). Crush tablet with tablet crusher (0175), then add sample water until tube is ﬁ lled to 10 mL line. Cap tube and shake until tablet is dissolved. Solution will turn pink if bromine is present. Wait 15 seconds. Mix.

8. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE.

9. Press OFF button to turn spectrophotometer off or press the EXIT button to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

PROCEDURE B: BROMINE IN THE PRESENCE OF CHLORINE

Test Procedures

Use universal sample holder.

1. Press USE button to turn on colorimeter.

2. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 9 Bromine-LR) from TESTING MENU.

3. Scroll to and select 9 Bromine-LR from menu.

4. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with sample.

5. Insert tube into chamber close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

6. Rinse a second clean tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with sample. Add 5 drops of Glycine Solution (6811). Cap and mix.

7. Remove blank from Spectro. Pour out all of the sample water. To this tube add just enough of Glycine treated sample (Step 6) to cover a tablet. Add one *Chlorine DPD#1 Instrument Grade Tablet (6903A). Crush tablet with a tablet crusher (0175). Add all remaining Glycine-treated sample. Cap tube and shake until tablet dissolves. Solution will turn pink if bromine is present. Wait 15 seconds. Mix.

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 CHLORINE, BROMINE, IODINE

8. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE.

9. Press OFF button to exit to previous menu or make another menu

selection.

PROCEDURE C: FREE AVAILABLE, TOTAL AVAILABLE & COMBINED CHLORINE IN THE PRESENCE OF BROMINE

1. Perform the test for free and combined chlorine as previously described.

2. Perform the test for bromine in the presence of chlorine.

3. Calculations:

Residual Bromine (ppm) = Reading BR

Free Chlorine in the Presence of Bromine = Free Chlorine – 0.45 (Reading BR)

Total Chlorine in the Presence of Bromine = Total Chlorine – 0.45 (Reading BR)

Combined Chlorine in the Presence of Bromine = Total Chlorine – Free Chlorine

NOTE: Combined chlorine is not affected by the presence of bromine, so the calculation is the same as when only chlorine is present.

Test Procedures

CHLORINE, BROMINE, IODINE SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

IODINE

Like chlorine and bromine, iodine is an effective germicidal agent employed in drinking water treatment, pool and spa water sanitation, food service sanitation, and other public health applications.

APPLICATION: Drinking, surface, and saline waters; swimming pool

water; domestic and industrial wastes.

RANGE: 0.00–14.00 ppm Iodine

MDL: 0.08 ppm

METHOD: In a buffered sample iodine reacts with diethyl-p-

phenylene-diamine (DPD) to produce a pink-red color in proportion to the concentration of iodine present.

SAMPLE HANDLING & PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCE: The only interfering substance likely to be encountered

Iodine in aqueous solutions is not stable, and the iodine content of samples or solutions, particularly weak solutions, will rapidly decrease. Exposure to sunlight or agitation will accelerate the reduction of iodine present in such solutions. For best results start analysis immediately after sampling. Samples to be analyzed for iodine cannot be preserved or stored.

in water is oxidized manganese. The extent of this interference can be determined by treating a sample with sodium arsenite to destroy the iodine present so that the degree of interference can be measured.

Test Procedures

Chlorine and bromine can give a positive interference, but these are not normally present unless they have been added as sanitizers.

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 CHLORINE, BROMINE, IODINE

PROCEDURE

Use universal sample holder.

1. Press and hold ON button until spectrophotometer turns on.

2. Scroll to and select PROGRAMMED TESTS.

3. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 50 Iodine) from TESTING MENU.

4. Scroll to and select 50 Iodine from menu.

5. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with sample water. Fill tube to the 10 mL line with sample.

6. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN BLANK.

7. Remove tube from Spectro. Pour off all but a sufﬁ cient amount of sample water to cover a tablet. Add one *DPD #1 Tablet Instrument Grade (6903A). Crush tablet with tablet crusher (0175). Add sample water until tube is ﬁ lled to 10 mL line. Cap and shake until tablet dissolves. Solution will turn pink if iodine is present. Wait 15 seconds. Mix.

8. Insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Record result.

9. Press OFF button to turn spectrophotometer off or press EXIT button to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

Test Procedures

CHLORINE, BROMINE, IODINE SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

CHLORINE-FREE, UDV

DPD UNIT DOSE VIAL METHOD • CODE 4311-J

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

1 *Free Chlorine Unit Dose Vials, 20 pouches *4311-J

Equipment needed but not supplied:

STANDARD ACCESSORY PACKAGE • CODE 1961

1 Package of 3 Vials (empty) 0156

1 Syringe, 3 mL, plastic 1184

1 Foil Storage Bag 9467

Or:

ADVANCED ACCESSORY PACKAGE • CODE 1962

1 Pipettor 30528

1 Pipet Tips (0-5 mL) 30695

1 Cuvette Rack 31695

1 Package of 3 Vials (empty) 0156

1 Foil Storage Bag 9467

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

Test Procedures

All water for cities and communities must be sanitized; even waters that come from clean sources, protected watersheds, reservoirs, and deep wells, are commonly sanitized to assure safety. Chlorine is the most commonly used sanitizer for several reasons: it is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, the cost is low, and the methods of applying it have been well developed. If an adequate concentration of chlorine is present in the water for a few minutes, disease producing bacteria will be destroyed. A number of conditions affect the sanitizing action of chlorine. In municipal systems these can be controlled so that if chlorine is detectable, it can be assumed that bacteria have been killed. The factors that inﬂ uence the rate of kill are temperature, pH, presence of other materials that react with chlorine, time, and the concentrations of the various chlorine combinations that are formed in the water with ammonia and other substances that react with chlorine.

The fact that chlorine can be easily detected and measured makes chlorine a favorite water sanitizer of those concerned with the public safety of water supplies. Chlorine concentrations in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 parts per million are usually maintained in municipal supplies.

Chlorine can be added in the form of chlorine gas, liquid sodium hypochlorite

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 CHLORINE-FREE, UDV

(bleach), granular calcium hypochlorite or as organic chlorine compounds. Chlorine is not present in natural water supplies; if it is present it is the result of chlorination of a water supply or of chlorinated compounds being discharged as waste from industrial operations. The presence of chlorine in concentrations above

0.5 parts per million should be considered evidence of pollution from chlorine

treated efﬂ uents or from a process in which high concentrations of chlorine are used.

APPLICATION: Drinking, surface, and saline waters; domestic and

industrial wastes.

RANGE: 0.00–10.00 ppm

MDL: 0.10 ppm

METHOD: In the absence of iodide, free available chlorine reacts

instantly with DPD to produce a red color. Subsequent addition of potassium iodide evokes a rapid color response from the combined forms of chlorine (chloramines).

SAMPLE HANDLING & PRESERVATION:

Chlorine in aqueous solutions is not stable, and the chlorine content of samples or solutions, particularly weak solutions, will rapidly decrease. Exposure to sunlight or agitation will accelerate the reduction of chlorine present in such solutions. For best results, start analysis immediately after sampling. Samples to be analyzed for chlorine cannot be preserved or stored.

INTERFERENCES: The only interfering substance likely to be encountered

in water is oxidized manganese. The extent of this interference can be determined by treating a sample with sodium arsenite to destroy the chlorine present so that the degree of interference can be measured.

Test Procedures

Iodine and bromine can give a positive interference, but these are not normally present unless they have been added as sanitizers.

CHLORINE-FREE, UDV SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

PROCEDURE

Use 10 mm square cell adapter

1. Press and hold ON button until spectrophotometer turns on.

2. Scroll to and select PROGRAMMED TESTS.

3. Scroll to and select ALL TESTS (or another sequence containing 16 Cl Free-UDV) from TESTING MENU.

4. Scroll to and select 16 Cl Free-UDV from menu.

5. Rinse a clean vial (0156) with sample water.

6. Use the syringe (1184) to add 3mL of sample to the vial.

7. Insert the vial into chamber, close the lid and select SCAN BLANK.

8. Remove the vial from the Spectro.

9. Use the syringe (1184) to add 3mL of sample to a *Free Chlorine UDV (4311).

10. Shake vigorously until powder dissolves completely. NOTE: If powder residue remains in the bottom of the vial after inverting or air bubbles form, invert once more and tap bottom of vial sharply once or twice to dislodge powder and bubbles. Mix.

11. Immediately insert tube into chamber, close lid and select SCAN SAMPLE. Record result in ppm free chlorine.

12. Press OFF button to turn the spectrophotometer off or press EXIT button to exit to a previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTES: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

Test Procedures

UDVs from opened pouches should be used promptly. Store unused vials from opened pouches in the Foil Storage Bag (9467) to extend the shelf life of the reagent. Generally, UDVs stored in the bag should be used within 10 days if the humidity is less than 50% and within 5 days if humidity is greater than 50%. The Foil Storage Bag contains a desiccant pack with indicator. When the indicator in the window turns from blue to pink, the bag should be replaced.

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 CHLORINE-FREE, UDV

Test Procedures

CHLORINE-FREE, UDV SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11

CHLORINE

LIQUID DPD METHOD • CODE 4859

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

30 mL DPD 1A Free Chlorine Reagent P-6740-G

30 mL *DPD 1B Free Chlorine Reagent *P-6741-G

30 mL *DPD 3 Total Chlorine Reagent *P-6743-G

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or fax.

All water for cities and communities must be sanitized; even waters that come from clean sources, protected watersheds, reservoirs, and deep wells, are commonly sanitized to assure safety. Chlorine is the most commonly used sanitizer for several reasons: it is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, the cost is low, and the methods of applying it have been well developed. If an adequate concentration of chlorine is present in the water for a few minutes, disease producing bacteria will be destroyed. A number of conditions affect the sanitizing action of chlorine. In municipal systems these can be controlled so that if chlorine is detectable, it can be assumed that bacteria have been killed. The factors that inﬂ uence the rate of kill are temperature, pH, presence of other materials that react with chlorine, time, and the concentrations of the various chlorine combinations that are formed in the water with ammonia and other substances that react with chlorine.

Test Procedures

The fact that chlorine can be easily detected and measured makes chlorine a favorite water sanitizer of those concerned with the public safety of water supplies. Chlorine concentrations in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 parts per million are usually maintained in municipal supplies.

Chlorine can be added in the form of chlorine gas, liquid sodium hypochlorite (bleach), granular calcium hypochlorite or as organic chlorine compounds. Chlorine is not present in natural water supplies; if it is present it is the result of chlorination of a water supply or of chlorinated compounds being discharged as waste from industrial operations. The presence of chlorine in concentrations above

0.5 parts per million should be considered evidence of pollution from chlorine

treated efﬂ uents or from a process in which high concentrations of chlorine are used.

SMART Spectro Test Procedures 2.11 CHLORINE, DPD Liquid

LaMotte SMART3 Colorimeter User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual