Labconco Biological Safety Cabinets 34608 User Manual
User’s Manual
Purifier
®
Series
Biological Safety Cabinets
Models
®
34300 Series 34500 Series
34308 Series 34508 Series
34400 Series 34600 Series
34408 Series 34608 Series
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TYPE
A2
Labconco Corporation
8811 Prospect Avenue
Kansas City, MO 64132-2696
800-821-5525, 816-333-8811
FAX 816-363-0130
E-MAIL labconco@labconco.com
HOME PAGE www.labconco.com
Please read the User’s Manual before operating the equipment.
Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013 Labconco Corporation. All rights reserved.
The information contained in this manual and the accompanying products are copyrighted and all rights
reserved by Labconco Corporation. Labconco Corporation reserves the right to make periodic design
changes without obligation to notify any person or entity of such change.
Warranty
Labconco provides a warranty on all parts and factory workmanship. The warranty includes areas of
defective material and workmanship, provided such defect results from normal and proper use of the
equipment.
The warranty for all Labconco products will expire one year from date of installation or two years
from date of shipment from Labconco, whichever is sooner, except the following;
• Purifier® Logic® Biological Safety Cabinets and PuriCare® Lab Animal Research Stations
carry a three-year warranty from date of installation or four years from date of shipment from
Labconco, whichever is sooner.
• SteamScrubber® & FlaskScrubber® Glassware Washers carry a two-year warranty from
date of installation or three years from date of shipment from Labconco, whichever is sooner.
• Blood Drawing Chairs carry a ten year warranty.
• Carts carry a lifetime warranty.
• Glassware is not warranted from breakage when dropped or mishandled.
This limited warranty covers parts and labor, but not transportation and insurance charges. In the
event of a warranty claim, contact Labconco Corporation or the dealer who sold you the product. If
the cause is determined to be a manufacturing fault, the dealer or Labconco Corporation will repair or
replace all defective parts to restore the unit to operation. Under no circumstances shall Labconco
Corporation be liable for indirect, consequential, or special damages of any kind. This statement may
be altered by a specific published amendment. No individual has authorization to alter the provisions
of this warranty policy or its amendments. Lamps and filters are not covered by this warranty.
Damage due to corrosion or accidental breakage is not covered.
Returned or Damaged Goods
Do not return goods without the prior authorization from Labconco. Unauthorized returns will not be
accepted. If your shipment was damaged in transit, you must file a claim directly with the freight
carrier. Labconco Corporation and its dealers are not responsible for shipping damages.
The United States Interstate Commerce Commission rules require that claims be filed with the delivery
carrier within fifteen (15) days of delivery.
Limitation of Liability
The disposal and/or emission of substances used in connection with this equipment may be governed by
various federal, state, or local regulations. All users of this equipment are required to become familiar
with any regulations that apply in the user’s area concerning the dumping of waste materials in or upon
water, land, or air and to comply with such regulations. Labconco Corporation is held harmless with
respect to user’s compliance with such regulations.
Contacting Labconco Corporation
If you have questions that are not addressed in this manual, or if you need technical assistance, contact
Labconco’s Customer Service Department or Labconco’s Product Service Department at 1-800-8215525 or 1-816-333-8811, between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., Central Standard Time.
Part #3848300, Rev. J
ECO H438
T
AABBLLEE
T
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2: PREREQUISITES 2
Space Requirements 2
Clearance 2
Location Requirements 3
Exhaust Requirements 4
Electrical Requirements 4
Service Line Requirements 5
CHAPTER 3: GETTING STARTED 6
Unpacking the Biosafety Cabinet 7
Moving the Cabinet 7
Preparing the Biosafety Cabinet for Operation 8
Installing the Biosafety Cabinet on an Existing Work Surface 8
Installing the Biosafety Cabinet on a Labconco Base Stand 8
Telescoping Base Stands 8
Manual or Electric Hydraulic Lift Base Stands 10
Connecting the Biosafety Cabinet to Utility Service Lines 10
Optional Exhaust System Connections 11
Drain Valve Installation 12
Initial Certification 13
CHAPTER 4: PERFORMANCE FEATURES AND SAFETY
HEPA Filters 14
ULPA Filters 15
Laminar Airflow 16
Directional Airflow 17
Motor/Blower 18
Cabinet Air Intakes (Grilles), Ductwork & Air Balance Controls 19
Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp 19
Safety Precautions 20
O
O
PRECAUTIONS 14
FF
C
C
OONNTTEENNTTSS
CHAPTER 5: USING THE CABINET 22
System Reset Switch 22
Information Center 23
Status Area 23
Data Area 24
Icon Area 24
Operating the Sliding Sash 25
Starting the Biosafety Cabinet 26
The Logic Touchpad 27
User Selectable Features 32
Timer Operation 32
Interval Timer Operation 33
Stopwatch Timer Operation 33
Menu Options 33
UV Lamp Operation 33
UV Lamp Timer 34
UV Lamp Maintenance 34
Light Operation 35
Light Timer 35
Light Maintenance 35
Blower Operation 36
Cabinet Set Up 36
If An Airflow Alert Activates 39
Resetting the Airflow Alert System 39
Battery Backup Alarm on EN 12469-Compliant Models 39
Working in the Biosafety Cabinet 40
CHAPTER 6: MAINTAINING THE CABINET 43
Routine Maintenance Schedule 43
Service Operations 44
Work Surface Removal 44
Front Grille Removal 44
Towel Catch Removal 45
Front Panel Removal & Installation 46
Changing the Fluorescent Lamps 47
Changing the Optional UV Lamp 47
Resetting a Circuit Breaker 48
Storage 48
CHAPTER 7: TROUBLESHOOTING 49
APPENDIX A: COMPONENTS 52
APPENDIX B: DIMENSIONS 54
APPENDIX C: SPECIFICATIONS 55
Electrical Data 55
Motor Specifications 55
Environmental Conditions 56
APPENDIX D: ACCESSORIES 57
Telescoping Base Stands 57
Telescoping Base Stand Shelf Kit 57
Manual or Electric Hydraulic Lift Base Stands 57
Hydraulic Base Stand Shelf Kit 58
SoLo Electric Hydraulic Lift Base Stands 58
Seismic Bracket Kit 58
Service Valve Kit 58
Ultraviolet Lamp Kits 58
IV Bar Kits 59
Shelf 59
Cord/Tubing Management System 59
Prefilter 59
Postfilter 59
Postfilter Conversion Kit 60
Canopy Kit 60
Air-Tight Damper 60
Air-Tight Damper with Canopy Alarm Sensor 60
Backdraft Damper 60
Remote Blowers 61
Ergonomic Chair with Armrests 61
Adjustable Footrest 61
Inflow/Downflow Sensor Kit 61
Aspirator Pump Kit 61
Turntable 62
ULPA Supply Filters 62
ULPA Exhaust Filters 62
APPENDIX E: QUICK CHART 63
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY 64
CChhaapptteerr 11::
IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn
Congratulations on the purchase of a Labconco Purifier Logic Series
Biosafety Cabinet. The Biosafety Cabinet is designed to protect you, the
product and the laboratory environment from biohazardous aerosols. The
Logic Series Cabinet is the result of years of experience in manufacturing
biohazard cabinetry, and users like you suggested many of its features to us.
The Biosafety Cabinet offers many unique features to enhance safety,
performance and ergonomics. To take full advantage of them, please
acquaint yourself with this manual and keep it handy for future reference. If
you are unfamiliar with how biosafety cabinets operate, please review
Chapter 4: Performance Features and Safety Precautions before you begin
working in the cabinet. Even if you are an experienced biosafety cabinet
user, please review Chapter 5: Using the Cabinet; it describes the Biosafety
Cabinet’s features so that you can use it efficiently.
This manual and other technical information is available in PDF format
at our website: www.labconco.com.
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1
CChhaapptteerr 22::
PPrreerreeqquuiissiitteess
Before you install the Biosafety Cabinet, you need to prepare the site for
installation. Examine the location where you intend to install the cabinet.
You must be certain that the area is level and of solid construction. In
addition, a dedicated source of electrical power must be located near the
installation site.
Carefully read this chapter to learn:
• Location requirements.
• Electrical power requirements.
• Exhaust requirements.
• Service utility requirements.
• Space requirements.
Refer to Appendix C: Specifications, for complete biosafety cabinet electrical
and environmental conditions, specifications and requirements.
Space Requirements
The dimensions for the Logic A2 Biosafety Cabinets are shown in Appendix B:
Dimensions.
Clearance
A minimum clearance of at least 6 inches (150 mm) is suggested on the top
and both sides of the cabinet for service.
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Chapter 2: Prerequisites
Location Requirements
Note: The Biosafety Cabinet should be located away from traffic patterns,
doors, fans, ventilation registers, fume hoods and any other air-handling
devices that could disrupt its airflow patterns. All windows in the room
should remain closed. Figure 2-1 shows the preferred location for the
Biosafety Cabinet.
Preferred location
Air register blocked or redirected
to prevent cabinet disruption
Figure 2-1
Alternate location
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Chapter 2: Prerequisites
Exhaust Requirements
If you intend to connect the Biosafety Cabinet to the optional Canopy
Connection Kit, first examine the location to ensure that it accommodates the
cabinet’s exhaust duct. The area directly above the cabinet’s exhaust port
should be clear of structural elements, water and utility lines, or other fixed
obstructions. There should be enough clearance to accommodate a 10-inch
diameter duct. Avoid cabinet locations that require an elbow directly above
the cabinet’s exhaust connection or an excessive number of elbows in the
exhaust system. For further information about the cabinet’s exhaust system
requirements, please refer to Chapter 3: Getting Started.
Electrical Requirements
The different Biosafety Cabinet models have the following electrical
requirements:
Model # Requirements
3430000-3430009 115 VAC, 60 Hz, 12 Amps
3430800-3430809 115 VAC, 60 Hz, 12 Amps
3430820-3430829 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 6 Amps
3440000-3440009 115 VAC, 60 Hz, 12 Amps
3440800-3440809 115 VAC, 60 Hz, 12 Amps
3440820-3440829 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 6 Amps
3450000-3450009 115 VAC, 60 Hz, 16 Amps
3450800-3450809 115 VAC, 60 Hz, 16 Amps
3450820-3450829 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 8 Amps
3460000-3460009 115 VAC, 60 Hz, 16 Amps
3460800-3460809 115 VAC, 60 Hz, 16 Amps
3460820-3460829 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 8 Amps
Table 2-1
All Biosafety Cabinets with model numbers ending in –00 to –09 are
designed for operation at 115 volts 60 Hz, alternating current. Biosafety
Cabinets with model numbers ending in –20 to –29 are designed for
operation at 230 +/- 20 volts, 50/60 Hz alternating current.
Note: A dedicated outlet with a circuit breaker rated at 20 amps should
be located as close as possible to the right rear side of the cabinet, at a
height even with, or higher than, the top of the bench or stand.
Note: On 115 VAC models, both electrical outlets are protected by a ground
fault interrupter circuit (GFIC). Labconco does not recommend plugging the
Biosafety Cabinet into a GFIC outlet.
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Chapter 2: Prerequisites
Service Line Requirements
All utility service lines should be ¼ inch O.D., brass, copper, or stainless
steel, and equipped with an easily accessible shut-off valve. If the service
line pressure exceeds 100 PSI, it must be equipped with a pressure regulator
to reduce the line pressure.
Note: The use of flammable gases or solvents should be avoided in the
Biosafety Cabinet. Open flame in the cabinet will disrupt the laminar airflow
in the cabinet and may damage the HEPA filters. Flammable gases or
solvents may reach explosive concentrations in the cabinet or ductwork. If
you feel that the procedure requires the use of an open flame or flammable
materials, contact the institution’s safety office.
The use of air or gases under high pressure should be avoided as they may
seriously disrupt the airflow patterns in the cabinet.
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CChhaapptteerr 33::
GGeettttiinngg SSttaarrtteedd
Now that the installation is properly prepared, you are ready to inspect,
install, and certify the Purifier Biosafety Cabinet. This chapter covers how to:
• Unpack and move the Biosafety Cabinet.
• Install the cabinet.
• Connect the electrical supply source.
• Connect the service lines.
• Connect to an exhaust system (optional).
• Arrange certification of the Biosafety Cabinet.
Tools required for installation the Biosafety Cabinet include two 1/2"
wrenches, a flat-blade screwdriver, a #2 Phillips screwdriver, and a
carpenter’s level.
Note: The Biosafety Cabinet models weigh between 400–700 lbs. (182-318
kg). The shipping pallet allows for lifting with a mechanical lift truck or
floor jack. If you must lift the product manually, use at least six (6) persons
and follow safe-lifting guidelines.
Note: The side panels must be removed to access the fasteners that secure the
Biosafety Cabinet to the pallet. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO LIFT THE
BIOSAFETY CABINET BY THE SIDE PANELS; DAMAGE WILL
OCCUR.
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Chapter 3: Getting Started
Unpacking the Biosafety Cabinet
Carefully remove the outer carton and inspect the cabinet for damage that
may have occurred in transit. If the Biosafety Cabinet is damaged, notify the
delivery carrier immediately and retain the entire shipment intact for
inspection by the carrier.
Note: United States Interstate Commerce Commission rules require that
claims be filed with the delivery carrier within fifteen (15) days of delivery.
Do not return goods without the prior authorization of Labconco.
Unauthorized returns will not be accepted.
If the cabinet was damaged in transit, you must file a claim directly with the
freight carrier. Labconco Corporation and its dealers are not responsible for
shipping damages.
Do not discard the carton or packing material for the Biosafety Cabinet until
all of the components have been checked, installed and tested.
The cabinet is secured to the pallet in two places on each side. To access the
nuts and bolts, remove the side panels by removing and keeping the two
Phillips screws on both panels. Swing the front of each panel away from the
Cabinet, and lift it straight up to remove the panel from the cabinet.
The following are located in a box underneath the work surface:
• User’s Manual
• Drain Valve Assembly and fasteners
• Power Cord
• Product Registration Card
If you did not receive one or more of the components listed for the cabinet, or
if any of the components are damaged, contact Labconco Corporation
immediately for further instructions.
Moving the Cabinet
Move the cabinet, attached to its pallet, by using a floor jack, or a furniture
dolly underneath the unit. DO NOT
hand truck.
Product Service 1-800-522-7658
move the cabinet by tilting it onto a
7
Chapter 3: Getting Started
Preparing the Biosafety Cabinet for Operation
Installation instructions for the cabinet (Labconco P/N 1056801) are attached
to the sash of the Biosafety Cabinet. If these instructions are missing or
unclear, contact Product Service at 800-821-5525 or 816-333-8811.
Installing the Biosafety Cabinet on an Existing
Work Surface
Note: The Biosafety Cabinet is very top heavy. Use caution when lifting or
moving it.
When installing the Biosafety Cabinet onto an existing work surface or
benchtop, ensure that the structure can safely support the combined weight of
the cabinet and any related equipment. The work surface should be at least as
wide as the Cabinet and 31 inches (787 mm) deep to properly support the unit.
A hole or notch may be cut in the supporting surface in the right front corner
to accommodate the optional drain valve.
Installing the Cabinet on a Labconco Base Stand
Labconco offers accessory Base Stands in a variety of configurations to suit
the particular needs. Stands can be ordered with adjustable telescoping legs
or with a manually or electrically adjustable hydraulic lift.
Telescoping Base Stands
These stands are available with either fixed feet or casters. Adjust the leg
height before installing the cabinet on top of the stand. The height can be set
in 1-inch intervals between 27.5 to 34.5 inches (699 to 876 mm), providing a
Cabinet work surface height from 30.0 to 37.0 inches (762 to 940 mm). The
Base Stands for each width Cabinet are listed in Table 3-1 below.
Width Base Stand w/Feet Model # Base Stand w/Casters Model #
3' 3730300 3730310
4' 3730400 3730410
5' 3830500 3830510
6' 3730600 3730610
Table 3-1
1. Before positioning the Telescoping Base Stand in its final location, adjust
the height. A plastic bag containing the mounting bolts for the Biosafety
Cabinet is shipped with the base stand. Remove and save it.
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Chapter 3: Getting Started
2. Select the height of the stand and slide four (4) leg extensions into base
stand corner posts and attach with 2 ¼ inch long bolt, flatwasher,
lockwasher and nut. Ensure that the same height hole is selected for each
leg. Tighten the leg bolts securely. See Figure 3-1.
Figure 3-1
3. CAUTION: Only lift and support the weight of the cabinet at the
stainless steel sides and back. Damage will occur if lifted or supported on
the front edge. Move the base stand into its final location. Using a
carpenter’s level, adjust each leveling foot until the stand is level in both
planes as shown in Figure 3-2. You are now ready to lift the Biosafety
Cabinet onto its stand.
Figure 3-2
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Chapter 3: Getting Started
Manual or Electric Hydraulic Lift Base Stands
These base stands offer infinitely adjustable height between 25.5 and 33.5
inches (648 to 851 mm), giving a Cabinet work surface height of 28.0 to 36.0
inches. The height is adjusted either by a manual (hand crank) or electric
pump that drives hydraulic rams in the legs of the stands. All of the
hydraulic stands are equipped with fixed feet, but can be converted to caster
wheels with the addition of Caster Kit #3784000. The Base Stands for each
Cabinet model is listed in Table 3-2 below.
Width Manual Lift Stand # Electric (115V) Lift Stand # Electric (230V) Lift Stand #
3' 3780200 3780100 3780103
4' 3780201 3780101 3780104
5' 3780203 3780106 3780107
6' 3780202 3780102 3780105
Table 3-2
Note: When installing the Cabinet on the hydraulic lift base stand, ensure that
the hydraulic lines and the electrical cord are clear of any obstructions before
installing the cabinet on the stand or operating the lift system.
Connecting the Biosafety Cabinet to Utility
Service Lines
Note: Some models have a solenoid valve connected to the service valve on
the right side, rear position. The solenoid prevents gas from flowing to the
service valve when the unit blower is off. It is the only service valve position
that can be fitted with a solenoid valve. Connect the gas service to the
solenoid valve.
The service lines (if any) should be connected to the tube fitting(s) on the
outside of the liner wall as shown in Figure 3-3. To install the tubing, follow
these steps:
1. Ensure that the tubing is ¼ inch O.D., soft metal, and that the end has
been completely deburred.
2. Route the tubing from the rear of the cabinet, ensuring that it will line up
with the slot in the back of the side panel. The slot is located from 8 ¾ to
11 ¼ inches (222 to 288 mm) from the bottom of the cabinet.
Note: Make sure that the tube routing will not contact any electrical wires.
DO NOT loop service line tubing within the side panels of the Cabinet.
3. Make sure that the nut on the tube fitting is loose, but do not remove it.
Look inside the fitting to make sure the tube ferrule is there.
4. Push the tube into the fitting until it is properly seated. The tube will go
approximately ¾ inch (19 mm) into the fitting.
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Chapter 3: Getting Started
5. Tighten the tube fitting nut hand tight and then, using a 7/16-inch wrench,
tighten it at least ¾ turn more.
6. Close the service valve in the Biosafety Cabinet and then slowly open the
shutoff valve on the service valve. Test all fittings for leakage. Tighten
the tube nut slightly if needed.
Figure 3-3
Tube fitting nut
Tube fitting
Optional Exhaust System Connections
All Class II, Type A2 Biosafety Cabinets are shipped to recirculate their
HEPA filtered exhaust air back into the laboratory.
Certain applications such as working with odorous products or volatile toxic
materials will require the connection of the Biosafety Cabinet to an exhaust
system.
Note: The canopy connection, also referred to as a thimble or air gap
connection, allows single or multiple biohazard cabinets to be connected to
an exhaust system. During operation, the exhaust system draws all of the
cabinet’s exhaust air, plus a volume of room air (through the slots in the
canopy) into the exhaust duct. Canopy connections function as a “shock
absorber” allowing the system to function properly during changes in room
air pressure.
For information on selecting a canopy connection, go to Appendix D:
Accessories.
Warning: If the research involves the use of toxic compounds or volatile
materials, contact the facility’s safety officer or Labconco to ensure that the
Biosafety Cabinet and its exhaust system are compatible with the materials
you will be working with.
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Chapter 3: Getting Started
Drain Valve Installation
In order to prevent damage during shipping, the drain valve assembly has not
been installed. If desired, the valve should be installed after the Cabinet is in
its final location.
To install the valve assembly, follow these steps:
Note: The work surface is heavy. Use caution when handling it.
1. Lift the work surface out of the Biosafety Cabinet by lifting on the knobs
at the front of the work surface. Steady the work surface while pulling it
straight out the front of the cabinet.
2. Using a putty knife, remove and discard the stainless steel cover that is
sealed over the drain mounting holes. Scrape out remaining sealant that
is around the holes.
3. Apply a light coating of silicone sealant (user supplied) to the mounting
surface of the drain assembly. Attach the drain assembly under the
bottom of the cabinet as shown in Figure 3-4. Wipe off any excess sealant
from the cabinet bottom. Ensure that the center drain hole is
unobstructed.
4. Make sure the drain valve is in the closed position.
5. Reinstall the work surface.
6. Allow the silicone sealant to cure for at least eight hours before exposing
it to liquid.
NOTE: The drain valve
assembly attaches to the
underside of the cabinet
bottom.
Apply a light coat of silicone
sealant to this surface of the
connector, aligning the three
holes in the connector with
the three holes in the
Biosafety Cabinet liner.
Figure 3-4
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Chapter 3: Getting Started
Initial Certification
Prior to use, a qualified certifier should certify all Biosafety Cabinets. Under
normal operating conditions, the Biosafety Cabinet should be recertified at
least annually and when relocated or serviced. The certifier should perform
the following tests, as recommended in ANSI/NSF International Standard
Number 49 in effect when the cabinet was manufactured:
• Downflow Velocity Profile Test
• Inflow Velocity Test
• Airflow Smoke Patterns
• HEPA Filter Leak Test
• Vibration Test *
• Noise Level Test *
• Lighting Intensity Test *
*These tests are user comfort related tests and may be omitted at the
user’s or certifier’s discretion.
If you have any questions regarding certification agencies or need assistance
in locating one, contact Labconco’s Product Service Department at 1-800522-7658 or 816-333-8811.
Product Service 1-800-522-7658
13
CChhaapptteerr 44::
PPeerrffoorrm
maannccee FFeeaattuurreess aanndd
SSaaffeettyy PPrreeccaauuttiioonnss
All Purifier Series Logic Biosafety Cabinets operate using the following
principles:
• Filtration and retention of particulates by High Efficiency Particulate
Air (HEPA) filter(s)
• Laminar airflow
• Directional airflow
The major components in a Biosafety Cabinet are:
• The HEPA filter(s) or optional ULPA filters
• The motor/blower to force air through the Cabinet
• Cabinet air intakes (grilles), ductwork and air balance controls
HEPA Filters
HEPA filters are disposable, dry-type particulate filters. The filter material or
media is typically made of borosilicate microfibers formed into a thin sheet,
in a process similar to the production of paper. This sheet is folded, or pleated
to increase its surface area. The pleats are held in place by aluminum
diffusers or by beads of glue that add rigidity to the media pack. The pack is
then set into a frame, and sealed as shown in Figure 4-1.
The HEPA filter manufacturer establishes the efficiency of the filter by
challenging it with an aerosol of known particle size. The number of particles
that penetrate the filter are quantified, and this establishes the efficiency of
the filter. Thus, the filters used in the Logic Series Cabinets are at least
99.99% efficient in removing particles 0.3 micron.
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Chapter 4: Performance Features and Safety Precautions
Note: The HEPA filter media is very fragile. DO NOT touch the media. If
you think the media of a HEPA filter is damaged, DO NOT USE THE
CABINET. Have the HEPA filter integrity tested by a certifier before using
the cabinet.
Note: HEPA Filters are only effective against particulate material. Gases
will pass through the filter.
Polyurethane seal
Between media pack
and filter frame
Figure 4-1
Filter frame
Filter media pack –
A continuous sheet
of filter media
ULPA Filters
Optional ULPA filters may be used to replace the standard HEPA filters in
the Purifier Logic Series Biosafety Cabinets. ULPA filters have the same
properties as described above except they are rated at least 99.999% efficient
in removing particles 0.1-0.2 or 0.2-0.3 micron.
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Chapter 4: Performance Features and Safety Precautions
Laminar Airflow
Laminar airflow is defined as the movement of a body of air in a single
direction, with a uniform velocity. In practice, the laminar downflow of air in
the cabinet captures any aerosol generated in the work area of the cabinet,
and directs it to the HEPA filters. In order to be true laminar downflow, a
number of individual downflow velocity test points (The Downflow Velocity
Profile) must be +/- 16 feet per minute (0.08 m/s) of the average of all the test
points. This is illustrated in Figure 4-2.
Figure 4-2
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