Kodak I160, I150 User Manual
i100 Series Scanners
Image Processing Guide
User’s Guide
A-61517
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countries.
1 Introduction
Kodak i100 Series Scanners
The Kodak i100 Series Scanners are
low-volume production scanners
which include image processing
technology, can improve image
quality and sometimes make the
reproduction better than the original.
You can use the applications based on the ISIS Driver or TWAIN Data
source to enable image processing (both are available on the CD
included with the scanner). Kodak Capture Software is also available as
a choice for your scanning application.
Other popular scanning applications are also compatible with these
scanners, however, these applications may not be able to access all of
the image processing options. Refer to your application vendor’s
documentation for specific information.
The features
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The following configurations of the i100 Series Scanners are available.
♦ Kodak i150 Scanner desktop simplex color scanner with an
automatic document feeder that runs at 40 pages per minute at 200
dpi, landscape orientation.
♦ Kodak i160 Scanner desktop duplex color scanner with an
automatic document feeder that runs at 40 pages per minute at 200
dpi, landscape orientation.
About this manual
This manual provides the following:
Chapter 1, Introduction includes a brief summary of the Kodak i100
Series Scanners, a list of features available for each scanner and the
support drivers.
Chapter 2, Best Practices includes information to use when setting up
applications, recommendations on how to handle jam recoveries,
controlling print strings, electronic color drop-out and much more.
Chapter 3, Using the TWAIN Data source information on using the
dialog boxes presented by the TWAIN Data source and an explanation
of the fields on each tab.
Chapter 4, Using the ISIS Driver information on using the dialog
boxes presented by the ISIS Driver and an explanation of fields on each
dialog box.
NOTE: The scanned images used in this guide were selected for the
challenges presented to a typical scanner due to the
low-contrast characteristics of the images.
Supporting
documentation
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The following documentation supports the Kodak i100 Series Scanners.
These publications are available on the CD that came with your scanner,
or go to www.kodak.com/go/DI
User’s Guide, A-61514 provides information and procedures for
using the Kodak i100 Series Scanner.
Quick Tips Guide, A-61515 intended to be used as a quick reference
for basic scanner use.
Kodak Imaging Guide Set Instructions, A-61524 provides instructions
for installing the imaging guides.
to download a PDF file.
Image outputs
i100 Series Scanners can return bi-tonal, grayscale or color images to
the host. Below is a description of the valid combinations.
The i150 Scanner is a simplex scanner. This means that only one side of
the document may be captured.
The i160 Scanner is a duplex scanner. This means both the front and
the rear side of each document may be captured. For each side
captured, the scanner can be configured to return either one or two
images per side:
• Single output (one image per side): bi-tonal/binary, grayscale, or
color.
• Simultaneous output (two images per side): bi-tonal and color or
bi-tonal and grayscale.
The host application controls which of these images is transferred to the
host to be stored as an image file. An example of simultaneous output
where all four images are returned to the host would create the following
four files:
• Front bi-tonal/binary: FB.tif. This image file represents the
contents of the front side of the document using one-bit per pixel.
• Front color: FC.jpg. This image file represents the contents of the
front side of the document using 24-bits per pixel.
• Rear bi-tonal/binary: RB.tif. This image file represents the contents
of the rear side of the document using one-bit per pixel.
• Rear color: RC.jpg. This image file represents the contents of the
rear side of the document using 24-bits per pixel.
NOTE: Actual file formats are determined by the host application.
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These image files can be controlled through the application
independently.
FB.tif (front bi-tonal) FC.jpg (front color) RB.tif (rear bi-tonal) RC.jpg (rear color)
Another example of a simultaneous output where all four images are
returned to the host would create the following four files:
• Front grayscale: FG.jpg. This image file represents the contents of
the front side of the document using 8-bits per pixel.
• Front bi-tonal/binary: FB.tif. This image file represents the
contents of the front side of the document using 1-bit per pixel.
• Rear grayscale: RG.jpg. This image file represents the contents of
the rear side of the document using 8-bits per pixel.
• Rear bi-tonal/binary: RB.tif. This image file represents the contents
of the rear side of the document using 1-bit per pixel.
NOTE: Actual file formats are determined by the host application.
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These image files can be controlled through the application
independently.
FG.jpg (front
grayscale)
FB.tif (front
bi-tonal/binary)
RG.jpg (rear
grayscale)
RB.tif (rear
bi-tonal/binary)
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2 Best Practices
This chapter provides you with recommendations for program
logic, which will allow you to interact efficiently with the i100
Series Scanner. This high-level information is not intended to be
used as a programming guide. The following information is
provided in this chapter:
• Basic image capture
• Controlling image transfer order – switching between
color/grayscale and bi-tonal
• Jam recovery
• Image file storage locations
• Bar code recognition
• Controlling print strings
• Electronic color dropout (form design, dropout colors)
• Available image header information and its uses
• Zone processing (re-combining images, especially for viewing)
NOTE: The term host refers to either the driver or application.
Basic image capture
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Basic image capture is the high-level logic flow for retrieving images
from the scanner.
Follow this sequence to scan documents:
• setup the scanner
• enable scanning
• initiate polling
• feed documents
• disable scanning
Scanner setup
To setup the scanner:
1. Setup your scanner operating conditions:
• simplex/duplex
• image order
• transport timeout
• transport timeout response
• length detection status and response
• multi-feed detection status and response
• page-on-demand or batch count mode
• starting document count
• Energy Star timeout
• confirmation tone
For information on programming these conditions, see Chapters
3 or 4 (depending on your driver). For other vendor tool kits, refer
to their documentation.
2. Select your color table as appropriate for color document
scanning. See Chapters 3 or 4 (depending on your driver). For
other vendor tool kits, refer to their documentation.
3. Determine if any changes to the Image Processing parameters
need to be made for the current application.
NOTE: This check needs to occur for up to four separate images
from the six available options depending on your
application: Front Color, Front Bi-tonal, Front Grayscale,
Rear Color, Rear Bi-tonal, Rear Grayscale.
Image Processing parameter changes remain in effect until one
of the following conditions occur:
• The scanner is powered down using the power switch.
• New imaging parameters are sent from the host.
4. Prepare documents according to the instructions found in the
Kodak i100 Series Scanners, User’s Guide.
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Enable scanning
The host must issue a Scan command to enable scanning before
documents can be transported through the scanner. If scanning has
not been enabled, the feeder and transport system will not turn on.
Initiate polling
Feed documents
Disable scanning
Initiate host system polling of the scanner to ensure scanned
document images are transferred from the image buffer to the host
system. Polling should continue until scanning is disabled.
For more information see the sections entitled, “Controlling
image transfer order” and “Image header information” later in this
chapter.
Feed documents according to the instructions found in the Kodak
i100 Series Scanners, User's Guide.
Scanning is disabled to allow the host to download configuration/
setup changes between jobs and to handle certain types of errors.
Scanning is also disabled when one of the following conditions
occur:
• The scanner is first powered on using the power switch.
• A 1394 bus device Reset command is executed.
• A scanner-unique End-of-Job command is issued by the host
computer.
• Transport timeout is set to End-of-Job.
• An error occurs requiring fault recovery.
NOTE: When scanning is disabled, documents cannot be scanned
until the host enables scanning.
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Error handling
The scanner recognizes and reports a variety of error conditions.
Some errors are reported to the host (via the 1394 interface) or via the
LEDs on the scanner while others are reported to both the host and
the LEDs.
An error (via the 1394 interface) is defined as either a current or
deferred error.
A current error results from a problem in processing the current
scanner command. This can include sending an invalid
command, trying to read from an empty image buffer, or an
end-of-job condition. Since one or more errors may be pending at
any time, current errors are reported first.
A deferred error results from an error condition within the scanner,
such as a document jam. Deferred errors are reported after
current errors.
NOTE: Low-level 1394 commands and information are handled by
the device driver. The following information is provided for
reference only.
Some error conditions disable scanning and cause the document
transport to stop. This is done to prevent additional images from
entering the image buffer while allowing the host to perform fault
recovery activities.
NOTE: The scanner cannot determine exactly which images were
affected by the error and which images were not.
If an error occurs that disables the scanner, the host can continue
to read images from the image buffer without enabling the
scanner. However, when the image buffer has been emptied, an
error will be generated indicating fault recovery is required. This
differentiates between an end-of-job disable and a disable
caused by an error. The operator may continue scanning
documents after the host enables the scanner.
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Controlling image
transfer order
This section provides job stream examples which can be used in
scanning applications.
The host application is responsible for determining the order in
which the scanner returns images. Front images must always be
retrieved before rear images.
Single output
bi-tonal only duplex
Single output
color only duplex
This job stream is available for i160 Scanners.
1. Prepare documents.
2. Start the scanner to do bi-tonal duplex scanning (front bi-tonal
and rear bi-tonal).
3. Setup the scanner to retrieve bi-tonal images.
4. Enable the scanner and start polling.
Loop
Read front bi-tonal image header
Read front bi-tonal image
Read rear bi-tonal image header
Read rear bi-tonal image
End loop
This job stream is available for all i160 Scanners.
1. Prepare documents.
2. Start the scanner to do color duplex scanning (front color and
rear color).
3. Setup the scanner to retrieve color images.
4. Enable the scanner and start polling.
Loop
Read front color image header
Read front color image
Read rear color image header
Read rear color image
End loop
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Single output
grayscale only duplex
This job stream is available for i160 Scanners.
1. Prepare documents.
2. Start the scanner to do grayscale duplex scanning (front
grayscale and rear grayscale).
3. Setup the scanner to retrieve grayscale images.
4. Enable the scanner and start polling.
Loop
Read front grayscale image header
Read front grayscale image
Read rear grayscale image header
Read rear grayscale image
End loop
Simultaneous output
This job stream is available for i160 Scanners.
bi-tonal and color duplex
1. Prepare documents.
2. Start the scanner to do simultaneous output duplex scanning by
selecting front bi-tonal, front color, rear bi-tonal and rear color.
3. Setup the scanner to retrieve bi-tonal images first.
4. Enable the scanner and start polling.
Loop
Read front bi-tonal image header
Read front bi-tonal image
Read front color image header
Read front color image
Read rear bi-tonal image header
Read rear bi-tonal image
Read rear color image header
Read rear color image
End loop
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Simultaneous output
bi-tonal and grayscale
duplex
This job stream is available for i160 Scanners.
1. Prepare documents.
2. Start the scanner to do simultaneous output bi-tonal and
grayscale duplex scanning (front bi-tonal, front grayscale, rear
bi-tonal, rear grayscale).
3. Setup the scanner to retrieve bi-tonal images first.
4. Enable the scanner and start polling.
Loop
Read front bi-tonal image header
Read front bi-tonal image
Read front grayscale image header
Read front grayscale image
Read rear bi-tonal image header
Read rear bi-tonal image
Read rear grayscale image header
Read rear grayscale image
End loop
Single output
This job stream is available for all i100 Series Scanners.
bi-tonal only simplex
1. Prepare documents.
2. Start the scanner to do bi-tonal scanning.
3. Setup the scanner to retrieve bi-tonal images.
4. Enable the scanner and start polling.
Loop
Read front bi-tonal image header
Read front bi-tonal image
End loop
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Single output
color only simplex
This job stream is available for all i100 Series Scanners.
1. Prepare documents.
2. Start the scanner to do color scanning.
3. Setup the scanner to retrieve color images.
4. Enable the scanner and start polling.
Loop
Read front color image header
Read front color image
End loop
Single output
grayscale only simplex
Simultaneous output
bi-tonal and color simplex
This job stream is available for all i100 Series Scanners.
1. Prepare documents.
2. Start the scanner to do grayscale scanning.
3. Setup the scanner to retrieve grayscale images.
4. Enable the scanner and start polling.
Loop
Read front grayscale image header
Read front grayscale image
End loop
This job stream is available for all i100 Series Scanners.
1. Prepare documents.
2. Start the scanner to do simultaneous output scanning by
selecting front bi-tonal and front color.
3. Setup the scanner to retrieve bi-tonal images first.
4. Enable the scanner and start polling.
Loop
Read front bi-tonal image header
Read front bi-tonal image
Read front color image header
Read front color image
End loop
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Simultaneous output
bi-tonal and grayscale
simplex
This job stream is available for all i100 Series Scanners.
1. Prepare documents.
2. Start the scanner to do simultaneous output bi-tonal and
grayscale scanning (front bi-tonal, front grayscale).
3. Setup the scanner to retrieve bi-tonal images first.
4. Enable the scanner and start polling.
Loop
Read front bi-tonal image header
Read front bi-tonal image
Read front grayscale image header
Read front grayscale image
End loop
Jam and fault recovery
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This section provides recommendations for application logic
associated with scanner jam and fault recovery.
If your scanner is enabled and you are polling when a document jam
or other fault occurs, use the following procedure to restart
scanning.
When a document jam or other fault occurs, the feeder and the
transport will stop and the scanner will be disabled.
1. When all images have been retrieved from the scanner
(image buffer empty), display the last image retrieved for
operator viewing.
2. Use the image header of the last image retrieved to
determine the sequential counter.
3. Use the information above +1 to seed the next sequential
counter before re-enabling the scanner.
4. Instruct the operator to sort through the stack of documents
being scanned to find the document that produced the last
successfully scanned image. They must rescan all of the
documents that follow the last successfully scanned
document.
5. Enable the scanner.
Image file storage
locations
This section provides general recommendations regarding the impact
of image file storage locations on the overall throughput of the scanner.
Depending upon your application, you can receive up to four
image files per document. Decisions about where to write these
files when retrieving them could impact the overall throughput of
the scanner. In order to prevent overwriting data the scanner
stops feeding paper when the internal image buffer is almost full.
Scanning will not resume until enough images are retrieved by
the host to clear sufficient buffer memory. In order to minimize the
number of times this condition might occur, it is recommended
that image files are written to a local hard drive to avoid the
potential overhead of transferring files across the network to
remote drives during scanning.
Bar code recognition
Electronic color
dropout
Unlike some Kodak scanners the i100 Series Scanners do not include
a bar code accessory. Bar code functionality is the responsibility of the
host system. The main imaging parameter, which may affect bar code
read rates, is resolution. Either bi-tonal, grayscale or color images may
be used for bar code applications. Refer to your software
documentation for their recommendations and/or requirements for
image file quality to achieve desired read rates.
The i100 Series Scanners provide the ability to create dropout images
without changing lamps. The application has the ability to select red,
green and blue dropout functionality. Only one color can be dropped
out at a time. This dropout performance is equivalent to color dropout
functionality when using the traditional color lamp technique.
Electronic color dropout is used with OCR and ICR applications.
See your vendor’s documentation for recommendations on
image quality characteristics.
Electronic color dropout is applied to the bi-tonal image chain
only.
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When using Adaptive Threshold Processing, there are four
imaging parameters which effect electronic color dropout:
Threshold Value/Filter Threshold, Background
Value/Background, Contrast %, and Threshold. The default
settings are:
Contrast% = 50
Threshold = 90
Color Filter = 175
Background = 245
If the values above do not give you the desired results, you may
need to vary these values accordingly.
When using iThresholding, there are three imaging parameters
which effect electronic color dropout: Threshold Value/Filter
Threshold, Background Value/Background, and Contrast %. The
default settings are:
Contrast% = 50
Color Filter = 175
Background = 245
If the values above do not give you the desired results, you may
need to vary these values accordingly.
The tables that follow provide Pantone colors that may be used
with the red, green and blue dropout option.
Two categories of performance are provided for each color:
Colors that can be completely dropped out and colors that are
very close to complete dropout. These values were established
by using standard Pantone
Matching System® Colors guide
(uncoated, 175-line screen). If the background of the document
you are using is not bright white the results may vary.
A-61517 October 2004 2-11
Following is a list of Pantone
colors which may be used with the red,
green and blue dropout options.
Red Dropout Complete Dropout
100 U 129 U 155 U 177 U 1925 U 231 U 372 U
101 U 130 U 156 U 178 U 196 U 232 U 379 U
102 U 134 U 157 U Warm Red 197 U
Yellow U 135 U 158 U 1765 U 198 U 236 U 386 U
106 U 136 U 1555 U 1775 U 199 U 237 U 387 U
107 U 137 U 1565 U 1785 U 203 U 238 U 393 U
108 U 1345 U 1575 U 1788 U 204 U 239 U 394 U
109 U 1355 U 1585 U 1767 U 205 U 2365 U 395 U
113 U 1365 U 162 U 1777 U 206 U 2375 U 3935 U
114 U 1375 U 163 U 1787 U 210 U 2385 U 3945 U
115 U 141 U 164 U Red 032 U 211 U 2395 U 3955 U
116 U 142 U 165 U 182 U 212 U 243 U 3965 U
120 U 143 U 1625 U 183 U 213 U 244 U
121 U 144 U 1635 U 184 U 217 U 245 U
122 U 148 U 1645 U 185 U 218 U 246 U
123 U 149 U 1655 U 189 U 219 U 250 U
1205 U 150 U 1665 U 190 U Rubine Red U 251 U
1215 U 151 U 169 U 191 U 223 U 252 U
1225 U 1485 U 170 U 192 U 224 U 256 U
1235 U 1495 U 171 U 1895 U 225 U 2562 U
127 U 1505 U 172 U 1905 U 226 U 263 U
128 U Orange 021 U 176 U 1915 U 230 U 2706 U
Rhodamine Red U
380 U
Red Dropout Near Complete Dropout
Purple U 2635 U
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Green Dropout Complete Dropout
100 U 113 U 1345 U 3375 U 374 U 387 U 396 U
101 U 114 U 155 U 351 U 375 U 388 U 3935 U
102 U 120 U 2706 U 352 U 379 U 389 U 3945 U
Yellow U 1205 U 317 U 365 U 380 U 393 U 3955 U
106 U 1215 U 3245 U 366 U 381 U 394 U 3965 U
107 U 127 U 331 U 372 U 382 U 395 U
108 U 134 U 332 U 373 U 386 U
Green Dropout Near Complete Dropout
121 U 2975U 318 U 324 U 3242 U 344 U 358 U
148 U 304 U
Blue Dropout Complete Dropout
100 U 256 U 2716 U 284 U 298 U 311 U 3242 U
1205 U 2562 U 2707 U 290 U 2975 U 312 U 3252 U
217 U 263 U 2717 U 291 U 2985 U 3105 U 3245 U
230 U 264 U 2708 U 292 U 2995 U 3115 U 3255 U
2365 U 2635 U 277 U 2905 U 304 U 317 U 331 U
243 U 2645 U 278 U 2915 U 305 U 318 U 332 U
244 U 270 U 279 U 2925 U 306 U 319 U 393 U
250 U 2705 U 283 U 297 U 310 U 324 U 3935 U
251 U 2706 U
Blue Dropout Near Complete Dropout
101 U 236 U 299 U
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Image header
information
An image header is associated with every image captured by the
scanner. Following is a list of information available in the image
header.
Image length size of the image data in bytes.
Image identifier indicates whether the image is front bi-tonal,
rear bi-tonal, front color, rear color, front grayscale or rear
grayscale.
Resolution the scanner records the selected scanner image
resolution in dots per inch.
X-axis upper left pixel horizontal offset to upper left corner of
the image. For more information, see the next section entitled
“Zone processing”.
Y-axis upper left pixel vertical offset to upper left corner of the
image. For more information, see the next section entitled “Zone
processing”.
Width the scanner records the number of pixels-per-line in the
image. Width is also referred to as line length.
Length the scanner records the lines-per-page in the image.
Length is also referred to as page length.
Bits-per-pixel bits-per-pixel can equal 1 for bi-tonal imaging,
8 for grayscale, 24 for compressed color imaging or 64 for
uncompressed color. Bits-per-pixel is also referred to as pixel
depth.
Compression type the scanner records the compression
type used. Values for bi-tonal images are: No Compression or
Group IV. The value for grayscale or color images is None or
JPEG.
Polarity the scanner records image polarity. White pixels can
be indicated as 0 or 1.
Multi-Feed indicates whether or not a multi-feed was detected
when the image was scanned. This information could be used by
the host to assist operators during error recovery.
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Zone processing
Zone processing is available on the i100 Series Scanners.
Some applications have a requirement to store part of an image
in color or grayscale and the rest of the image in bi-tonal format
(this saves storage space by not storing the entire image in color
or grayscale). Zone processing is a fixed crop window (the zone)
located relative to the upper left corner of a document. It allows
the operator to select via the host application areas on the
document to be delivered in either color, grayscale or bi-tonal
format. Different zones may be selected for both the front and
rear of the image.
This feature may be used in conjunction with auto cropping.
Following is an example of producing a color zone.
Original
Bi-tonal image Relative Cropping
1. Prepare documents.
2. Start the scanner to do simultaneous output simplex scanning
(front bi-tonal and front color).
A-61517 October 2004 2-15
3. Setup the scanner to retrieve bi-tonal images first.
4. Setup front bi-tonal for auto cropping.
5. Setup front color for relative cropping and define the appropriate
area.
6. Enable the scanner and start polling.
Loop
Read front bi-tonal image header
Read bi-tonal image (will return full image)
Read front color image header
Read color image (will return only the color zone)
End loop
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3 Using the TWAIN Data Source
Installation
The TWAIN Data Source is included with the scanner. You can install the
data source from the CD.
1. Insert the CD into the drive.
2. Follow the instructions on each screen as prompted.
After installation is complete, install your application software on the
host PC.
After your application software is loaded and launched, use the TWAIN
Data Source software to setup your scanner.
A sample TWAIN Data Source application, called the Scan Validation
Tool, is also installed during this installation. This application can be
used to validate scanner functionality. The screen captures in this
chapter (from the Scan Validation Tool) document the TWAIN Data
Source graphical user interface (GUI) which can be one option when
creating your own application. If you choose to use programmatic
controls, refer to the Integrator's Guide readme.htm file located in the
Integrator directory on the CD provided with the scanner. The guide is
also available on the website (www.Kodak.com/go/DI
a shortcut to it is located in your default Windows directory\twain_32\
kodak\kds_i100, includes information you need to setup the TWAIN
Data Source to simulate an i100 Series Scanner in order for you to begin
development work without a physical scanner. This is also documented
in the material linked from the Integrator's Guide readme.htm.
). The file const.ini,
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