Kipp&Zonen LAS MkII ET User Manual

Instruction Manual

LAS MkII ET System

Important User Information

Dear customer, thank you for purchasing a Kipp & Zonen instrument. It is essential that you read this manual completely for a

full understanding of the proper and safe installation, use, maintenance and operation of your new LAS MkII ET System.

Please read this manual in conjunction with the instruction manual for the LAS MkII scintillometer.

We understand that no instruction manual is perfect, so should you have any comments regarding this manual we will be

pleased to receive them at:

Kipp & Zonen B.V.

Delftechpark 36, 2628 XH Delft, - or P.O. Box 507, 2600 AM Delft, The Netherlands

T: +31 (0) 15 2755 210 F: +31 (0) 15 2620 351 support@kippzonen.com www.kippzonen.com

Warranty and liability

Kipp & Zonen guarantees that the product delivered has been thoroughly tested to ensure that it meets its published speciﬁcations.

The warranty included in the conditions of delivery is valid only if the product has been installed and used according to the

instructions supplied by Kipp & Zonen.

Kipp & Zonen shall in no event be liable for incidental or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost proﬁts, loss

of income, loss of business opportunities, loss of use and other related exposures, however incurred, rising from the faulty and

incorrect use of the product.

Modiﬁcations made by the user may aﬀect the instrument performance, void the warranty, or aﬀect the validity of the CE

declaration or other approvals and compliances to applicable International Standards.

All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form

or by any means, without authorisation by Kipp & Zonen.

Kipp & Zonen reserves the right to make changes to this manual, brochures, speciﬁcations and other product documentation

without prior notice.

Manual document number: V1208

Publication date: 1

August 2012

Instruction Manual - LAS MkII ET System

Table of Contents

Important User Information

3.........................................................................................................................................................................................

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 Product overview

1.2 Key parts of the LAS MkII ET system

2. Installation

2.1 Included with the system

2.1.1 LAS MkII scintillometer

2.1.2 Meteorological sensors and mast

2.1.3 NR Lite2 Net Radiometer

2.1.4 COMBILOG Data Logger

2.1.5 Additional items

2.2 Site selection procedure

2.2.1 LAS MkII scintillometer

2.2.2 The meteorological sensors and mast

2.3 Power supply

......................................................................................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................................

2.4 Assembling the meteorological mast and sensors

2.4.1 The mast

2.4.2 The mounting arms and sensors

2.5 Installing the mast

2.6 Mounting the data logger enclosure

2.7 The soil heat ﬂux sensors

2.8 Sensor overview

2.9 Connecting the sensors

2.10 Installing the scintillometer

.........................................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

11 11 11

12 12

17 19 19 20 23

3. Accessories

4. Software installation and conﬁguration

4.1 EVATION software

4.2 LAS MkII conﬁguration

4.3 Eﬀective height calculator

4.4 COMBILOG support software

4.4.1 Setting communication parameters

4.4.2 Communicating with the COMBILOG

4.4.3 Original COMBILOG module settings and programs

5. Operation and measurement

5.1 Real-time monitoring of measurements

5.1.1 Via COMBILOG support software

5.1.2 Via the COMBILOG display

5.2 Calibration coeﬃcients

5.3 Data ﬁles

..................................................................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

27 27 27 27

32 32

Instruction Manual - LAS MkII ET System

6. Maintenance and recalibration

6.1 Check the power is on

6.2 Check COMBILOG date and time

6.3 Check sensor signals

6.4 Check sensor condition

6.5 Check cables and connections

..........................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................................................

6.6 Check condition of the mast, guy wires and anchoring

6.7 Download the data from the COMBILOG

6.8 Check the LAS MkII Scintillometer

..................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

33 33 33 33 33 33

34 34

7. Speciﬁcations

8. Trouble shooting

9. Customer support

Appendix A. System installation form

Using this table Click on any item in the table of contents to be taken directly to the relevant page.

Click on the Kipp & Zonen logo at the bottom of any page to be taken back to the table of contents.

..............................................................................................................................................................

Instruction Manual - LAS MkII ET System

1. Introduction

Throughout this manual the following symbols are used to indicate to the user important information.

General warning about conditions, other than those caused by high voltage electricity, which may result in physical

injury and/or damage to the equipment or cause the equipment to not operate correctly.

Note Useful information for the user

1.1 Product overview

Note Please read this manual in conjunction with the instruction manual for the LAS MkII scintillometer.

The LAS MkII ET System (ET stands for evapo-transpiration) is designed for scintillometer-based surface ﬂux measurements and is

specially intended for Earth energy balance and water management studies. Evapo-transpiration is an important term of the

surface energy budget:

= H + L

E + G

[W/m²]

Q* is the available energy, also known as the net radiation (Rn), H the sensible heat ﬂux, L

where

E the latent heat ﬂux and Gs

the soil heat ﬂux. In some cases extra storage and/or advective terms can be added to the surface energy balance. The evapo-

transpiration (

latent heat ﬂux (L

where L

This means that

a) An energy ﬂux (L

b) As a mass ﬂux (

The latent heat ﬂux (L

ET), which stands for the evaporation (E ) from bare soil and the transpiration (T ) by vegetation, is related to the

E) as follows:

is the latent heat of vaporisation (the energy required to evaporate 1 kg of water, Lv ~2.45 × 106 J kg-1).

LvE

ET can be expressed as:

E) in W/m², mostly used in meteorology, or

ET) in mm/day, mostly used in hydrology, where 1 W/m² is equal to 0.0353 mm of water per day.

E), or ET , is an important term in the soil-water balance:

∆S = input - output

where ∆S is the change of storage of water in the soil, which is the result of the amount of input into the soil (due to rainfall or

irrigation) minus the amount of loss of water (due to evapo-transpiration, surface run-oﬀ and drainage).

The LAS MkII ET System has been developed to provide area-representative surface ﬂuxes of sensible heat (

E). A unique feature is the line of sight path-integrating capability of the large aperture scintillometer. This allows the user

H) and latent heat

to measure area-averaged surface ﬂuxes of sensible heat at scales from 100 m to 4.5 km, over both homogenous and moderately

heterogeneous areas.

Traditional measurement techniques (the eddy-covariance method, ﬂux-proﬁle method, Bowen ratio method and lysimeters) are

point (in-situ) measurements and therefore are less representative of large areas, particularly the pixel area of satellite instruments.

Instruction Manual - LAS MkII ET System

1.2 Key parts of the LAS MkII ET system

The LAS MkII ET system consists of four parts; a LAS MkII scintillometer, an extended set of meteorological sensors with a mast, a

data logger in a weatherproof enclosure, and data processing software to run on a Windows® compatible computer.

The structure parameter of the refractive index of air (C

are used to determine the surface ﬂux of sensible heat (H). By adding a second temperature sensor, net radiometer, and soil heat ﬂux

sensors, the latent heat ﬂux (L

E) can be derived, via

E is the residual term of the energy balance.

The data processing of the LAS MkII ET system is done by the EVATION (evapotranspiration) software program. This user-friendly

program, developed by Kipp & Zonen, processes the raw data to ﬂuxes of sensible and latent heat.

LAS MkII transmitter

) measured by the LAS MkII, air temperature, wind speed, and air pressure,

LVE

= Q*

H - G

LAS MkII receiver

Datalogger

Instruction Manual - LAS MkII ET System

2. Installation

Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII ET System.

Do not turn on power to the transmitter or receiver until instructed to do so.

Ensure that ﬁxings and mountings are securely tightened when instructed to do so.

2.1 Included with the system

Check the contents of the shipment for completeness (see below) and note whether any damage has occurred during transport. If

there is damage, a claim should be ﬁled with the carrier immediately. In the case of damage and/or the contents are incomplete,

contact your local Kipp & Zonen representative or e-mail the Kipp & Zonen customer and product support department at:

support@kippzonen.com

Note The LAS MkII is rugged, but it contains sensitive optical and electronic parts. Please keep the original packaging

to safely transport the scintillometer to measurement sites or for other shipments.

2.1.1 LAS MkII scintillometer

The following items are included with the LAS MkII scintillometer:

LAS MkII transmitter with pan and tilt adjuster and baseplate

LAS MkII receiver with pan and tilt adjuster and baseplate

2 × alignment telescope with detachable mounting, adjusted for each transmitter and receiver

2 × sun shield with two ﬁxing screws

2 × 100 mm diameter aperture restrictor with ﬁxing kit, for transmitter and receiver

2 × 10 m cable with 4-pin plug for transmitter signal output and receiver analogue connections

1 x 10 m cable with 8-pin plug for receiver digital communication connections

2 x 10 m cable with 4-pin connector for 12 VDC power input

2 x 3 mm hexagonal Allen keys, for ﬁtting the sun shields

2 x 4 mm hexagonal Allen keys, for ﬁtting the telescopes

1 x CD-ROM containing EVATION software and a pdf ﬁle of the LAS MkII instruction manual

8 x spare desiccant packs

For a full description of the LAS MkII scintillometer refer to its instruction manual.

Instruction Manual - LAS MkII ET System

2.1.2 Meteorological sensors and mast

The following items are included with the meteorological sensors and mast:

Temperature sensor x 2, upper and lower

Range -40°C to +60 °C

Output PT-100

Calibration 0.03°C 1/10 DIN accuracy

(4-wire)

Wind speed sensor

Operating temperature -25°C to +80 °C

Range 0 to 60 m/s

Voltage and power sensor Nominal 12 VDC

Voltage and power heater Nominal 12 VDC (max 7 Watt)

Output Digital 0 to 600 Hz

(~2 mA)

Wind direction sensor

Operating temperature -25°C to +80 °C

Range 0 to 360°

Voltage and power sensor Nominal 12 VDC

Voltage and power heater Nominal 12 VDC (max 7 Watt)

Output 8-bit Gray Code

(~2 mA)

Air pressure sensor (mounted inside data logger enclosure)

Operating temperature -25°C to +70°C

Range 600 to 1050 hPa

Voltage and power Nominal 12 VDC

Output 0.3 to 4.9 VDC

(~10 mA)

Soil heat flux sensor

Operating temperature -30°C to +70°C

Range ± 2000 W/m²

Output ± 20 mV

Mast, telescopic

Height 4 m maximum

Guy wires 3 stainless steel wires with securing pins

Baseplate With socket for mast

Lightning protection Mast top rod and earth spike

Mounting arms U-shaped - wind speed and direction sensors

2-sided - upper temperature sensor and NR Lite2

1-sided - lower temperature sensor

Instruction Manual - LAS MkII ET System

2.1.3 NR Lite2 Net Radiometer

The mast includes a mounting arm for the Kipp & Zonen NR Lite2 net radiometer.

Net radiation sensor, NR Lite2

Operating temperature -40°C to +80 °C

Range ± 2000 W/m²

Output ~ ± 20 mV

2.1.4 COMBILOG Data Logger

The data logger is ﬁtted in a stainless steel weather-proof enclosure with a clamp for the mast.

COMBILOG 1022 data logger

Stainless steel enclosure, over-voltage input protection, mast mountings

Operating temperature -20°C to +60 °C

Supply voltage 10 to 30 VDC

Analogue inputs 8

Digital I/O 6

Interfaces RS-232/RS-485/USB/Ethernet

Data storage 7 MB internal RAM, expandable by SD card

Optional AC to 12 VDC power supply and backup battery

Optional GSM data modem

(16-bit)

2.1.5 Additional items

The data logger is ﬁtted in a stainless steel weather-proof enclosure with a clamp for the mast.

• LAS MkII manual, EVATION software and manual (supplied on CD-ROM with the LAS MkII scintillometer)

• Documentation for the meteorological sensors

• COMBILOG support software (supplied on CD-ROM) and manual

• NR Lite2 instruction sheet and calibration certiﬁcate (supplied with the NR Lite2)

Note Kipp & Zonen reserves the right to make changes to speciﬁcations without prior notice.

Note The ET system is not supplied with a relative humidity sensor. A default value (50%) is used in the EVATION

software. Uncertainties in RH have little eﬀect on the sensible heat ﬂux and the evapo-transpiration.

Instruction Manual - LAS MkII ET System

2.2 Site selection procedure

This section provides information on selecting an appropriate installation site.

2.2.1 LAS MkII scintillometer

For the general installation and site requirements of the LAS MkII scintillometer please refer to its manual.

For reliable air (C

These are:

• The LAS MkII transmitter and receiver must be placed on robust and vibration free supports.

• Avoid saturation of the signal by installing the LAS MkII at a suitable height (depending upon surface conditions and path length).

• Ensure that the LAS MkII is measuring in the Constant Flux Layer for reliable ﬂux derivations of the C

• (depends on surface characteristics).

Pay attention to orientation, installation height and beam height requirements. For detailed information refer to

the LAS MkII instruction manual.

2.2.2 The meteorological sensors and mast

The LAS MkII receiver is supplied with a 10 m long cable for connecting the two 0 to 2 V analogue signal outputs to the data

logger. Normally, the weather station is sited within 10 m of the receiver, but, if necessary, these cables can be extended to

optimise the weather station location.

) and ﬂux (H and LvE) measurements it is important to meet the installation requirements of the scintillometer.

signal using MOST

Selecting an appropriate site for the weather station is critical in order to obtain data that is representative of the LAS beam

path. It must be sited away from the inﬂuence of obstructions such as buildings, trees and other objects which might disturb the

measurements of wind speed, temperature and net radiation. As a rule of thumb, the minimum distance from an obstruction of

height h is 10h.

The ground around the mast should be ﬂat. As the anchoring of the mast is based on 3 securing pins to hold the

guy wires, the soil must be stable enough to hold the load in high winds or when the ground is wet. If in doubt,

use a concrete foundation.

There must be a good, ﬁrm place to drive in the lightning rod earth spike.

Instruction Manual - LAS MkII ET System

2.3 Power supply

The LAS MkII transmitter requires 12 VDC nominal (9.6 to 18 VDC), 6 W maximum with heater oﬀ and 54 W maximum with heater

on (typically 26 W).

The LAS MkII receiver requires 12 VDC nominal (9.6 to 18 VDC), 5 W maximum with heater oﬀ and 51 W maximum with heater

on (typically 23 W).

For more information, please read the LAS MkII scintillometer manual.

The meteorological sensors and data logger require 12 VDC nominal, a total of 4 W maximum with heaters oﬀ and 18 W maximum

with heaters on.

Note The data logger power requirement will be higher if an optional communication modem is ﬁtted. Please refer to

the data logger and/or modem manual.

Mains AC power must be available for AC to 12 VDC convertors, if solar panel / battery power supplies are not used.

LAS MkII - Transmitter LAS MkII - Receiver

12 VDC / ~0.5 A

12 VDC / ~3 A

(+ window heater)

Temperature sensor x2 Wind speed sensor Wind direction sensor Soil heat ﬂux sensors x2 Net radiometer

Sensor signals

12 VDC

in stainless steel enclosure

Data logger

with air pressure sensor

12 VDC / ~0.7 A 12 VDC / ~4.5 A max (+ all heaters)

12 VDC / ~0.4 A

12 VDC / ~3 A

(+ window heater)

and U

DEMOD

signals

Instruction Manual - LAS MkII ET System

2.4 Assembling the meteorological mast and sensors

2.4.1 The mast

Assemble the mast horizontally on the ground in accordance with the dimensions shown below.

Ø 50 mm~ 4.0 m

20 °

~ 3.0 m

~ 1.7 m

~ 2.0 m

The safe clamping zone of each section is indicated by red stripes on each mast section, as shown below.

Ø 55 mm

Ø 60 mm

1. The nominal mast height of 4 m is achieved when clamping the sections at their lower marks.

2. The guy wires are supplied pre-assembled to triangular collar. This must be slid over the upper section of the mast, as shown

above, before ﬁtting any other items.

3. The base plate has a socket for the bottom of the lowest mast section.

Instruction Manual - LAS MkII ET System

+ 30 hidden pages

Kipp&Zonen LAS MkII ET User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual