Kipp&Zonen CHP 1 User Manual

CHP 1

Pyrheliometer

Instruction Manual

IMPORTANT USER INFORMATION

Reading this entire manual is recommended for full understanding of the use of this product.

Should you have any comments on this manual we will be pleased to receive them at:

Kipp & Zonen B.V.
Delftechpark 36, 2628 XH Delft, the Netherlands
or P.O. Box 507, 2600 AM Delft, the Netherlands

T: [phone]
F: [phone]
[e-mail]
www.kippzonen.com

Kipp & Zonen reserves the right to make changes to the specifications without prior notice.

WARRANTY AND LIABILITY

Kipp & Zonen guarantees that the product delivered has been thoroughly tested to ensure that it meets its
published specifications. The warranty included in the conditions of delivery is valid only if the product has been
installed and used according to the instructions supplied by Kipp & Zonen.

Kipp & Zonen shall in no event be liable for incidental or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost
profits, loss of income, loss of business opportunities, loss of use and other related exposures, however used,
rising from the faulty and incorrect use of the product. User made modifications can affect the validity of the CE
declaration.

COPYRIGHT© 2008 Kipp & Zonen B.V.

All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in
any form or by any means, without permission in written form from the company.

Manual version: 0811

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DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

According to EC guideline 89/336/EEC

We Kipp & Zonen B.V.
Delftechpark 36
2628 XH Delft
The Netherlands

Declare under our sole responsibility that the product

Type: CHP 1
Name: Pyrheliometer

To which this declaration relates is in conformity with the following standards

Imissions EN 50082-1 Group standard
IEC 100-4-2 IEC 801-2 8 kV
IEC 100-4-3 IEC 801-3 3 V/m
IEC 100-4-4 IEC 801-4 1 kV

Emissions EN 50081-1 Group standard
EN 55022

Following the provisions of the directive:

B.A.H. Dieterink
President
KIPP & ZONEN B.V.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

IMPORTANT USER INFORMATION........................................................................................................................................ 2

WARRANTY AND LIABILITY .....................................................................................................................................................2

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY .........................................................................................................................................3

TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................................. 4

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5

1 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION................................................................................................................................ 6

1.1 Delivery................................................................................................................................... 6

1.2 Contents of delivery ................................................................................................................ 6

1.3 Mechanical installation ............................................................................................................ 6

1.4 Electrical installation ............................................................................................................... 7

2 OPERATION............................................................................................................................................................................ 8

2.1 Measurement of direct solar radiation..................................................................................... 8

2.2 Measurement of instrument temperature ................................................................................ 8

3 MAINTENANCE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9

4 PRINCIPLE COMPONENTS OF PYRHELIOMETERS.............................................................................................. 10

4.1 Window ................................................................................................................................. 10

4.2 Detector ................................................................................................................................ 10

4.3 Housing ................................................................................................................................ 10

4.4 Drying cartridge .................................................................................................................... 10

4.5 Cable and connector .............................................................................................................10

5 PYRHELIOMETER PHYSICAL PROPERTIES............................................................................................................. 11

5.1 Spectral range ....................................................................................................................... 11

5.2 Sensitivity.............................................................................................................................. 11

5.3 Impedance ............................................................................................................................ 11

5.4 Response time ...................................................................................................................... 11

5.5 Operating temperature.......................................................................................................... 11

5.6 Field of view .......................................................................................................................... 12

5.7 Environmental ....................................................................................................................... 12

6 MEASUREMENT ACCURACY ........................................................................................................................................ 13

6.1 Non linearity ......................................................................................................................... 13

6.2 Temperature dependence...................................................................................................... 13

6.3 Zero offset B ......................................................................................................................... 13

6.4 Non-stability.......................................................................................................................... 14

6.5 Spectral selectivity................................................................................................................. 14

7 CALIBRATION..................................................................................................................................................................... 15

7.1 Calibration principle.............................................................................................................. 15

7.2 Calibration procedure at Kipp & Zonen.................................................................................. 15

7.3 Traceability to world radiometric reference ........................................................................... 15

8 RECALIBRATION ............................................................................................................................................................... 16

9 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................................ 16

10 TROUBLE SHOOTING ................................................................................................................................................. 16

APPENDIX I RADIOMETRIC TERMINOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 17

APPENDIX II 10K THERMISTOR SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................... 18

APPENDIX III PT-100 SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 19

APPENDIX IV MAIN SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 20

APPENDIX V LIST OF WORLD AND REGIONAL RADIATION CENTRES .............................................................. 21

APPENDIX VI RECALIBRATION SERVICE ......................................................................................................................... 22

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INTRODUCTION

Dear customer, thank you for purchasing a Kipp & Zonen instrument. Please read this manual and the separate
instruction sheet for a full understanding of the use of your pyrheliometer.

The pyrheliometer CHP 1 is designed to measure the irradiance which results from the radiant flux from a solid
angle of 5 °.

According to International Standard ISO 9060 and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) a pyrheliometer is
the designated type of instrument for the measurement of direct solar radiation. The CHP 1 pyrheliometer is
compliant with the “First Class” class specified by the international standards.

This manual, together with the instruction sheet, gives information related to installation, maintenance, calibration,
product specifications and applications of the CHP 1 pyrheliometer.

If any questions should remain, please feel free to contact your Kipp & Zonen dealer or e-mail [e-mail]

For information about other Kipp & Zonen products or to check for any update of this manual, go to
www.kippzonen.com

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1 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

1.1 Delivery

Check the contents of the shipment for completeness (see below) and note whether any damage has occurred
during transport. If there is damage, a claim should be filed with the carrier immediately. In this case, or if the
contents are incomplete, your dealer should be notified in order to facilitate the repair or replacement of the
instrument.

1.2 Contents of delivery

Pyrheliometer
Rain screen
Cable with connector
Test reports
Instruction sheet
2x Desiccant bags
Product documentation CD

Although the CHP 1 is weatherproof and suitable for harsh environmental conditions, they have some delicate
mechanical parts. Please keep the original packaging for safe transport of the radiometer to the measurement site
or for use when returning the radiometer for calibration.

The calibration certificate supplied with the instrument is valid for 1 year from the date of first use by the customer,
subject to the variations in performance due to specific operating conditions that are given in the instrument
specifications. The calibration certificate is dated relative to the time of manufacture, or recalibration, but the
instrument does not undergo any sensitivity changes when kept in the original packing and not exposed to light.
From the moment the instrument is taken from its packaging and exposed to irradiance the sensitivity will deviate
slightly with time. See the 'non-stability' performance (maximum sensitivity change per year) given in the radiometer
specification list.

1.3 Mechanical installation

The mechanical installation will be explained in the next paragraphs.

Figure 1: Dimensional drawing CHP 1

For installation on the Kipp & Zonen trackers 2AP and Solys2, please consult the manual of the tracker.

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1.4 Electrical installation

As standard the CHP 1 is supplied with a waterproof connector pre-wired to 10 m cable with a number of leads and
a shield covered with a black sleeve. The number of connector pins and cable leads depends upon the model of
pyrheliometer and whether a temperature sensor is fitted (and which type). The colour code of the wires and the
connector pin numbers are shown on the instruction sheet. Longer cables are available as options.

The shield of the cable is connected to the aluminum radiometer housing through the connector body. The shield at
the cable end may be connected to ground at the readout equipment. Lightning can induce high voltages in the
shield but these will be led off at the pyrheliometer and data logger.

Kipp & Zonen pyrheliometer cables are of low noise type, but bending the cable produces small voltage spikes, a
tribo-electric and capacitance effect. Therefore, the cable must be firmly secured to minimize spurious responses
during stormy weather.

The impedance of the readout equipment loads the temperature compensation circuit and the thermopile. It can
increase the temperature dependency of the pyrheliometer. The sensitivity is affected more than 0.1 % when the
load resistance is less than 100 kΩ. For this reason we recommend the use of readout equipment with an input
impedance of 1 MΩ or more. The solar integrators, data loggers and chart recorders from Kipp & Zonen meet these
requirements.

Long cables may be used, but the cable resistance must be smaller than 0.1 % of the impedance of the readout
equipment. It is evident that the use of attenuator circuits to modify the calibration factor is not recommended
because the temperature response will also be affected.

A high input bias current at the readout equipment can produce several micro-Volts across the impedance of the
pyrheliometer and cable. The zero offset can be verified by replacing the pyrheliometer impedance at the readout
equipment input terminals with a resistor.

The pyrheliometer can also be connected to a computer or data acquisition system. A low voltage analogue input
must be available. The resolution of the Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC) must allow a system sensitivity of
about 1 bit per W/m
pyrheliometers exhibit offsets up to ± 2 W/m

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. More resolution is not necessary during outdoor solar radiation measurements, because

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due to lack of thermal equilibrium.

For amplification of the pyrheliometer signal Kipp & Zonen offers the AMPBOX signal amplifier. This amplifier will
convert the micro-Volt output from the pyrheliometer into a standard 4 – 20 mA signal. The use of the AMPBOX
amplifier is recommended for applications with long cables (> 100 m), electrically noisy environments or data
loggers with a current-loop input. The AMPBOX can be factory adjusted to suit the sensitivity of an individual
radiometer to produce a defined range, typically 4 – 20 mA represents 0 – 1600 W/m

2

.

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