User’s Guide
Publication Number 54657-97010
October 1996 (pdf version Dec 1998)
For Safety information, Warranties, and Regulatory
information, see the pages behind the index
© Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1992-1996
All Rights Reserved
HP 54657A, HP 54658A,
and HP 54659B
Measurement/Storage Modules
Measurement/Storage Modules
The HP 54657A, HP 54658A, and HP 54659B Measurement/Storage
Modules provide additional measurement and storage capabilities to
the HP 54600–Series oscilloscopes. The HP 54657A has an HP-IB
interface and the HP 54658A has a RS-232 interface. The HP 54659B
has a RS-232 interface plus an additional parallel output connector
which allows the module to be connected to both an RS-232 controller
and a parallel printer at the same time. The main features are:
Full Programmability.
•
Hardcopy output.
•
Three additional automatic voltage measurements (amplitude,
•
preshoot, and overshoot).
Two additional automatic time measurements (delay and phase
•
angle). User defined measurement thresholds of 10%/90%,
20%/80%, or selected voltage levels.
Two additional cursor measurements (voltage in percent and time
•
in degrees).
Two additional cursor measurement sources (math function 1
•
and 2).
Waveform math functions (addition, subtraction, multiplication,
•
differentiation, integration, and FFT)
Time and date tagging of hard copy and and nonvolatile memories.
•
Three uncompressed nonvolatile trace memories.
Additional 64K of nonvolatile trace memory (with data
•
compression) for up to 97 more trace memories..
Unattended waveform monitoring by use of mask templates.
•
Built-in automatic mask generation and mask editing capabilities.
•
ii
Accessories available
HP 34810B BenchLink/Scope software package.
•
HP 10833A 1 meter (3.3 feet) HP-IB cable.
•
HP 10833B 2 meter (6.6 feet) HP-IB cable.
•
HP 10833C 4 meter (13.2 feet) HP-IB cable.
•
HP 10833D 0.5 meter (1.6 feet) HP-IB cable.
•
HP 13242G 5 meter (16.7 feet) RS-232 cable for printer/plotter and
•
HP Vectra 25-pin serial port.
HP 17255M 1.2 meter (3.9 feet) RS-232 cable for printer/plotter
•
and HP Vectra 25-pin serial port.
HP 17255D 1.2 meter (3.9 feet) RS-232 cable for IBM PC/XT 25-pin
•
serial port.
HP 92219J 5 meter (16.7 feet) RS-232 cable for IBM PC/XT 25-pin
•
serial port.
HP 24542G 3 meter (9.9 feet) RS-232 cable for 9-pin serial port.
•
HP 34398A 2.5 meter (8.2 feet) RS-232 cable.
•
HP 34399A RS-232 Adapter Kit.
•
iii
In This Book
This book is the user’s guide for the HP 54657A, HP 54658A, and HP 54659B
Measurement/Storage Modules, and contains three chapters.
Installation
interconnection of the Measurement/ Storage Modules.
Operating the Measurement/Storage Module
series of exercises that guide you through the operation of the
Measurement/Storage Modules.
Reference Information
concerning the Measurement/Storage Modules.
Chapter 1 contains information concerning installation and
Chapter 2 contains a
Chapter 3 lists the reference information
iv
1
Installation
Operating the Measurement/
2
Storage Mo dule
3
Reference Information
Index
v
vi
Contents
1 Installation
Oscilloscope Compatibility 1–2
To install the Measurement/Storage Module 1–3
To configure the interface 1–4
2 Operating the Measurement/Storage Module
Math Functions 2–3
Function 1 2–4
Function 2 2–5
FFT Measurement 2–8
Automatic Measurements 2–14
Setting Thresholds 2–15
To make delay measurements automatically 2–19
To make phase measurements automatically 2–21
To make additional voltage measurements automatically 2–23
To make additional cursor measurements 2–25
Unattended Waveform Monitoring 2–29
To create a mask template using Automask 2–30
To create a mask template using Autostore 2–31
To create or edit a mask using line segments 2–33
To edit an individual pixel of a mask 2–35
To edit the mask to test only a portion of a waveform 2–36
To start waveform monitoring 2–38
To automatically save test violations 2–40
Creating a delay testing mask 2–42
Creating a frequency testing mask 2–44
Creating an overshoot testing mask 2–46
Creating a rise time testing mask 2–48
Testing the eye opening of an eye-pattern signal 2–50
To save or recall traces 2–52
To create a label for a trace memory 2–54
To set real-time clock 2–55
Contents–1
Contents
3 Reference Information
Operating Characteristics 3–3
Index
Contents–2
1
Installation
Installation
This chapter provides you with the information necessary to install
the Measurement/Storage Module on the oscilloscope. Information
required to connect and configure the module to the desired external
devices (such as printer, plotter, computer) prior to local or remote
operation is given in the Interface Modules for HP 54600-Series
Instruments I/O Function Guide shipped with your module.
Oscilloscope Compatibility
HP 54657A and HP 54658A
HP 54600-series oscilloscopes except HP 54600A, HP 54601A, and
HP 54602A oscilloscopes with an operating system version lower than
2.2. If your 54600A, HP 54601A, or HP 54602A oscilloscope has an
earlier operating system, it can be updated using upgrade kit HP part
number 54601-68702. The version is briefly displayed on screen when
Print/ Utilit y
the
HP 54659B
HP 54601A, HP 54602A, or HP 54610A Oscilloscope. This module is
compatible with all other HP 54600-series oscilloscopes with an operating
system version 1.2 or higher or with an operating system version number
in the form of
HP 54603B Oscilloscope has an earlier operating system, it can be
updated using upgrade kit HP part number 54601-68704. If your 54610B
Oscilloscope has an earlier operating system, it can be updated using
upgrade kit HP part number 54610-68704. The version number is briefly
displayed on screen when the
The HP 54659B in
A.XX.XX
. If your HP 54600B, HP 54601B, HP 54602B, or
These modules are compatible with all
key is pressed.
NOT
compatible with the HP 54600A,
Print/ Utilit y
key is pressed.
1–2
Figure 1–1
Installation
To install th e Measurement/ S torage Module
To install the Measurement/Storage Module
1
Turn off the oscilloscope.
2
Install the module as shown below.
The oscilloscope is reset after installation. The installed module is reflected
in the message displayed when you turn on the oscilloscope.
Installi ng t he Measurement/Storage Modul e
1–3
Interface Cabl es
Instal latio n
To configure t he interface
To configure the interface
The Measurement/Storage Module can be connected to a printer, a plotter, or
a computer through the interface. The HP 54657A has an HP-IB interface
and the HP 54658A has an RS-232 interface. The HP 54659B has an RS-232
interface plus an additional parallel output connector which allows the
module to be connected to both an RS-232 controller and a parallel printer at
the same time.
Connect the Measurement/Storage Module to a printer, plotter, or computer
through a suitable cable. The following table shows the HP part numbers of
the proper cables.
Interface
module
HP 54657A
(HP-IB)
HP 54658A
(RS-232)
HP 54659B
(RS-232 and
parallel output)
1
The HP 54659B is not comp at ible with t he HP 54600A, HP 54601A, HP 54602A, and HP 54610A.
1
Cable funct i on
(Instrument to ..)
Printer/plotter/
controller
Printer/plotter/
controller
Controller 25-pin F 25-pin M HP 92219J
Controller 25-pin F 9-pin M HP 24542G 3 m (9.9 ft)
RS-232 cont roller 9-pin M 25-pin M HP 34398A 2.5 m (8.2 ft)
RS-232 cont roller 9-pin M 9-pin M HP 343 98A 2.5 m (8.2 ft )
RS-232 printer/plotter/
controller
Parallel prin ter parallel parallel C2950A
Module
connector
HP-IB HP-IB HP 10833A
25-pin F 25-pin F HP 13242G
9-pin M 25-pin F HP 34398A + HP 34399A
Printer/plotter/
controller
connector
HP part number Cable
HP 10833B
HP 10833C
HP 10833D
HP 17255M
HP 17255D
adapter kit
C2951A
Length
1 m (3.3 ft)
2 m (6.6 ft)
4 m (13.2 ft)
0.5 m (1.6 ft)
5 m (16.7 ft)
1.5 m (4.9 ft)
5 m (16.7 ft
1.5 m (4.9 ft)
2.5 m (8.2 ft)
2 m (6.6 ft)
3 m (9.9 ft)
1–4
Figure 1–2
Installation
To configure the interface
HP 54658A Serial Connections
The signals for the RS-232 port on the HP 54658A are listed below.
Pin Number Signal
2 Transmit Data
3 Receive Data
4 Request to Send
5 Clear to Send
6 Data Set Ready
7 Signal Ground
8 Data Carrier Det ect
20 Data Terminal Ready
SHELL Protective Ground
Pin out of HP 54 658A RS-232 port looking into DB25 female connect or
The following figures show the pin outs of the suggested HP RS-232 interface
cables used with the HP 54658A 25-pin connector.
1–5
Figure 1–3
Figure 1– 4
Installation
To configure t he interface
Pin out of HP 13242G /HP 17255M R S-232 cable
Figure 1–5
Pin out of HP 24 542G RS-2 32 cable
Pin out of HP 92 219J/ HP 17255D RS-232 cable
1–6
Figure 1–6
Installation
To configure the interface
HP 54659B Serial Connections
The signals for the 9-pin RS-232 port on the HP 54659B are listed below.
Pin Number Signal
1 Data Carrier Detect
2 Receive Data
3 Transmit Data
4 Data Terminal Ready
5 Signal Ground
6 Data Set Ready
7 Request to Send
8 Clear to Send
9Ring
SHELL Protective Ground
Figure 1–7
Pin out of HP 54659B RS-232 port looking into DB9 male connector
The following figure shows the pin out of the suggested HP RS-232 interface
cable used with the HP 54659B 9-pin connector.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9-pin
HP 54659B
Module
DCD
RX
TX
DTR
GND
DSR
RTS
CTS
RI
9-pin
male
54657b07.cdr
Printer/Plotter/
Controller
DCD
RX
TX
DTR
GND
DSR
RTS
CTS
RI
9-pin
male
HP 34398A
Cable
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
9-pin
female
Pin out of HP 34398A RS-232 cable
female
Refer to the "Programming over RS-232-C" chapter in the HP 54600–Series
Oscilloscopes Programmer’s Guide for additional information.
1–7
1–8
2
Operating the
Measurement/Storage Module
Operating the Measurement/Storage
Module
This chapter provides you with the information necessary to use the
additional, or enhanced features that the Measurement/Storage
Module provides. Basic operation for the oscilloscope is covered in
the User and Service Guide for your oscilloscope.
This chapter provides you with practical exercises and detailed
information designed to guide you through operation of the following
functions:
• Math Functions
• Automatic Measurements
• Cursor Measurements
• Mask generation and waveform monitoring
• Trace Storage
2–2
Operating the Measurement /Storage Module
Math Funct ions
Math Functions
Without the Measurement/Storage module installed, addition and subtraction
are the only math operations provided. In addition to the limited selections,
the single function is performed on the pixel position of the data on the
screen.
With the Measurement/Storage module installed, two functions define up to
six operations that create mathematically altered waveforms (not pixel math.)
Function 1 will add (+), subtract (–), or multiply (*) the signals acquired
•
on vertical inputs 1 and 2, then it will display the result as F1.
Function 2 will integrate, differentiate, or perform an FFT on the signal
•
acquired on input 1, input 2, or the result in F1; then it will display the
result in F2.
The vertical range and offset of each function can be adjusted for ease of
viewing and measurement considerations. Each function can be displayed,
measured (with cursors), stored in trace memory, or output over the
interface.
2–3
Operating the Measurement/Storage Module
Function 1
Function 1
1
Press
±
.
2
Toggle the
3
Press the
A softkey menu with four softkey choices appears. Three of them are related
to the math functions.
4
Toggle the
Function 1 On Off
Function 1 Menu
+ – *
softkey until the desired operation is selected.
softkey to enable math function number 1.
softkey
Results (F1) are displayed on the screen.
All operations are calculated on a point-by-point basis.
plus (+)
•
•
•
5
Press the
Cursor s
algebraically sum input 1 and input 2 (input 1 + input 2).
minus (–)
multiply (*)
algebraically subtract input 2 from input 1 (input 1 – input 2).
algebraically multiply input 1 with input 2 (input 1 * input 2).
Units/div
softkey and rotate the knob closest to the
key to set the vertical sensitivity of the resulting
waveform.
6
Press the
Cursor s
Offset
softkey and rotate the knob closest to the
key to set the offset (from the center graticule) of the
resulting waveform.
Function waveform (F1) is available for viewing, measurement, or storage.
7
Press the
Funct io n 1 Operating Hints
If channel 1 or 2 are clipped ( not fully displayed on scr een, ) the resulti ng
displayed function will als o be clipped. Once the f unction is displayed, channel
1 and 2 may be t urned off for bett er viewing.
Previous Menu
softkey.
When multiply i s the operati on selected, the value displayed for unit s per
division and offset is (V
Offset is the value (in V or V
Normal screen position is 0 V offset, or at the center graticule (unt i l changed).
See "Making Cursor Measurements", and "S aving and Recalling Traces" in this
chapter for more i nformation.
2–4
2
).
2
) assigned to the center grati cul e for function 1.
Operating the Measurement /Storage Module
Function 2
Function 2 will plot differential or integral waveforms, or perform an FFT
using the input signals connected to the vertical inputs (1 and 2), or using
the function 1 waveform.
1
Press
±
.
Function 2
2
Toggle the
3
Press the
4
Toggle the
Function 2 On Off
Function 2 Menu
Operand
softkey until the desired source is selected.
softkey to enable math function number 2.
softkey.
F1 uses the result waveform in function 1.
5
Press the
Operation
softkey until the desired operation is selected.
Results (F2) are displayed on the screen.
dV/dt
•
•
(differentiate) plots the derivative of the selected source using the
"Central Difference" formula. Equation is as follows:
c
c
–
2
+
n
n+1
=
d
n
+
i
∆
t(2i+1
i
)
Where
d = differential waveform
c = input 1, 2, or function 1
i = data point step size
∆
t = point-to-point time difference
∫dt
(integrate) plots the integral of the source using the "Trapezoidal Rule".
Equation is as follows:
∆
t
(
+
=
I
n
c
∑
2
)
c
n
n
+
1
Where
∆
t = point-to-point time difference
c = input 1, 2, or function 1
2–5
Figure 2–1
Operating the Measurement/Storage Module
Function 2
The integrate calculation is relative to the currently selected source’s
input offset. The following examples illustrate any changes in offset
level.
0V
0V
Integrate and Of fset
FFT
(Fast Fourier Transform)
•
and transforms it to the frequency domain. The FFT spectrum is plotted
on the oscilloscope display as dBV (dBV or dBm for HP 54610 and
HP 54615/54616) versus frequency. Selecting this function also adds the
FFT Menu. See "FFT Measurement" later in this chapter for more
information.
6
Press the
Cursor s
Units/div
softkey and rotate the knob closest to the
key to set the vertical sensitivity of the resulting
inputs the digitized time record of the source
waveform.
Units per division changes from volts to dB when FFT is selected.
2–6
Operating the Measurement /Storage Module
Function 2
7
Press the
Offset
(differentiate and integrate) or
and rotate the knob closest to the
Cursor s
Ref Levl
(FFT) softkey
key to set the offset
(from the center graticule) or reference level (top graticule) of
the resulting waveform.
Function waveform (F2) is available for viewing, measurement, or storage.
8
Press the
For FFT functions, an additional menu is available to set additional
parameters. See "FFT Measurement" later in this chapter for more
information.
Funct io n 2 Operating Hints
Timebase must be set to Ma i n (and input channels 3 and 4 to Off on 4-cha nnel
oscilloscopes) when using function 2.
When differen tial i s the operati on selected, the value displayed for un i ts per
division and offset is vol ts per second (V/s). When integral is the operation
selected, the value displ ayed for units per divisi on and offset is v ol t seconds
(Vs).
Offset is the value (in volts per second or v ol t seconds) assigned to the center
graticule for function 2. Normal screen position is 0 offset, or at the center
graticule (un til changed).
Previous Menu
softkey.
See "Making Cursor Measurements", and "S aving and Recalling Traces" in this
chapter for more i nformation.
2–7
Operating the Measurement/Storage Module
FFT Measu rem ent
FFT Measurement
Operating Sy st em R equirements
Refer to "Oscilloscope Compatibility" on page 1-2 for operating system
requirements for FFT operation.
FFT (Function 2) is used to compute the fast Fourier transform using
vertical inputs (1 and 2), or the Function 1 waveform. This function takes
the digitized time record of the specified source and transforms it to the
frequency domain. When the function is selected, the FFT spectrum is
plotted on the oscilloscope display as dBV (dBV or dBm for HP 54610 and
HP 54615/54616) versus frequency. The readout for the horizontal axis
changes from time to Hertz and the vertical readout changes from volts to
dBV (dBV or dBm for HP 54610 and HP 54615/54616). For the HP 54610 and
HP 54615/54616, when 50Ω input is selected, readout is in dBm; when 1M
input is selected, readout is in dBV. dBV is a unit of measure that is
referenced to 1 Vrms. If the display of the HP 54600, HP 54601, HP 54602,
HP 54603, or HP 54645 is needed to be in dBm, the operator must apply an
external 50Ω load (HP 10100C or equivalent), and then perform the following
conversion:
dBm = dBV + 13.01
Ω
DC Value
It does not take the offset at center screen into account and is 1.41421
times greater than its actual value. The DC value is not corrected in
order to accurately represent frequency components near DC. All DC
measurements should be performed in normal oscilloscope mode.
2–8
The FFT computation produces a DC value that is incorrect.
Operating the Measurement /Storage Module
FFT Meas urement
Figure 2–2
Aliasing
When using FFT’s, it is important to be aware of aliasing. This
requires that the operator have some knowledge as to what the
frequency domain should contain, and also consider the effective
sampling rate, frequency span, and oscilloscope vertical bandwidth when
making FFT measurements. Effective sample rate is briefly displayed
±
when the
key is pressed.
Aliasing happens when there are insufficient samples acquired on each cycle
of the input signal to recognize the signal. This occurs whenever the
frequency of the input signal is greater than the Nyquist frequency (sample
frequency divided by 2). When a signal is aliased, the higher frequency
components show up in the FFT spectrum at a lower frequency.
The following figure illustrates aliasing. In waveform A, the sample rate is set
to 200 kSa/s, and the oscilloscope displays the correct spectrum. In
waveform B, the sample rate is reduced by one-half (100 kSa/s), causing the
components of the input signal above the Nyquist frequency to be mirrored
(aliased) on the display.
Aliasing
Since the frequency span goes from ≈ 0 to the Nyquist frequency, the best
way to prevent aliasing is to make sure that the frequency span is greater
than the frequencies present in the input signal.
2–9
Operating the Measurement/Storage Module
FFT Measu rem ent
Spectral Leakage
repeats. Unless there is an integral number of cycles of the sampled
waveform in the record, a discontinuity is created at the end of the
record. This is referred to as leakage. In order to minimize spectral
leakage, windows that approach zero smoothly at the beginning and end
of the signal are employed as filters to the FFT. The
Measurement/Storage Module provides four windows: rectangular,
exponential, hanning, and flattop. For more information on leakage, see
HP Application Note 243, "The Fundamentals of Signal Analysis" (HP
part number 5952-8898.)
FFT Operation
1
Press
2
Toggle the
3
Press the
4
Toggle the
F1 uses the result waveform in function 1.
5
Press the
±
.
Funct io n 2 On Off
Function 2 Menu
Operand
Operation
The FFT operation assumes that the time record
softkey to enable math function number 2.
softkey.
softkey until the desired source is selected.
softkey until FFT is selected. Results (F2) are
displayed on the screen.
6
Press the
Cursor s
Units/div
softkey and rotate the knob closest to the
key to set the vertical sensitivity of the resulting
waveform.
7
Press the
Cursor s
Ref Levl
softkey and rotate the knob closest to the
key to set the reference level (top graticule line) of
the resulting waveform.
The Autoscale F FT softkey will automatically set Units/div and Ref Levl to bring
the FFT data on screen. Frequency Span is set to maxim um . S teps 6 and 7 could
be replaced to say:
6 Press FFT Menu softkey.
7 Press Autoscale F FT softkey. R otate Time/Div knob until freq span is aro und
the frequencies of intere st .
8
Press the
A softkey menu with six softkey choices appears. Five of them are related to
FFT.
2–10
FFT Menu
softkey.
Operating the Measurement /Storage Module
FFT Meas urement
Cent Freq
•
Select and rotate the knob closest to the
center frequency to the desired value.
Freq Span
•
right graticule). Select and rotate the knob closest to the
key to set the center frequency to the desired value. See FFT
Measurement Hints (next page) for information on using frequency
span to magnify the display.
Move 0Hz To Left
•
the left most graticule represents 0 Hz.
Autoscale FFT
•
and Ref Levl to bring the FFT data on screen. Frequency Span is set to
maximum.
Window
•
knob closest to the
rectangular window is useful for transients signals and signals where
there are an integral number of cycles in the time record. The hanning
window is useful for frequency resolution and general purpose use. It
is good for resolving two frequencies that are close together or for
making frequency measurements. The flattop window is the best
window for making accurate amplitude measurements of frequency
peaks. The exponential window is the best window for transients
analysis.
Previous Menu
•
FFT spectrum (F2) is available for viewing, measurement, or storage.
9
The
used to measure or move the FFT spectrum. Press
then set the
Find Peaks
peak with the highest amplitude and sets Vmarker2 and the stop marker (f2)
on the peak with the next highest amplitude. Marker values in dBV/dBm or
frequency (dependent on the active cursor)are automatically displayed at the
bottom of the oscilloscope screen. The difference in dBV/dBm (∆V) or
frequency (∆f) between the two peaks is also displayed.
Move f1 To Center
frequency) to the current f1 marker frequency. If f1 cannot be found, a
message is displayed on the screen.
Allows centering of the FFT spectrum to the desired frequency.
Cursor s
Sets the overall width of the FFT spectrum (left graticule to
Pressing this key changes the center frequency so that
The AAutoscale FFT softkey will automatically set Units/div
Allows one of four windows to be selected. Select and rotate the
Cursor s
Returns you to the previous softkey menu.
Cursor s
Pressing this key sets Vmarker1 and the start marker (f1) on the
key contains two additional selections that can be
Source
softkey to F2.
Pressing this key changes the center graticule (or center
key to set the desired window. The
key to set the
Cursor s
Cursor s
,
2–11
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