HP 37718A
OmniBER 718
User’s Guide
PDH/SDH
Operation
Copyright HewlettPackard Ltd.1998
All rights reserved.
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HP Part No.
37718-90021
First edition, 09/98
Second Edition, 12/98
Printed in U.K.
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Hewlett-Packard Limited
Telecommunications Networks Test Division
South Queensferry
West Lothian, Scotland EH30 9TG
User’s Guide PDH/SDH Operation
HP 37718A
OmniBER 718
About This Book
This book tells you how to select the features that you want to use for your test.
The selections available are presented in the following groups:
• Transmit and receive interfaces
• Test features, for example, the addition of errors and alarms to the test signal
• Measurements including test timing
• Storing, logging and printing results with general printer information
• Using instrument and disk storage
• Using the “Other” features.
The selections available will depend on the options fitted to your
instrument. The examples given in this book cover all options and
therefore may include selections which are not available on your
instrument.
iv
Contents
1 Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Transmit Interface 2
Setting SDH Transmit Interface 4
Setting Jitter Transmit Interface 7
Setting Wander Transmit Interface 9
Setting SDH THRU Mode 11
Using Smart Test 13
Setting PDH Receive Interface 15
Setting SDH Receive Interface 17
Setting Jitter Receive Interface 18
Setting Extended Jitter Receive Interface 19
Setting Wander Receive Interface 20
2 Selecting Test Features
Using Transmit Overhead Setup 22
Using Receive Overhead Monitor 24
Setting Overhead Trace Messages 26
Generating Overhead Sequences 27
Using Receive Overhead Capture 29
Adding Frequency Offset to SDH Signal 31
Adding Frequency Offset to the PDH Signal 33
Setting up Signaling Bits 34
Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal 37
Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal 39
Setting Transmit N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s
Structured Payload/Test Signal 40
Setting Receive N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s
Structured Payload/Test Signal 42
v
Contents
Inserting an External PDH Payload/Test Signal 43
Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal 46
Adding Errors & Alarms at the SDH Interface 49
Adding Errors & Alarms to the PDH Interface/PDH Payload 50
Using FEAC Codes 51
Setting PDH Spare Bits 53
Adding Pointer Adjustments 54
Using Pointer Graph Test Function 61
Stressing Optical Clock Recovery Circuits 63
Generating Automatic Protection Switch Messages 64
Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel 65
3 Making Measurements
Using Overhead BER Test Function 68
Test Timing 69
Making SDH Analysis Measurements 70
Making PDH Analysis Measurements 71
Measuring Frequency 72
Measuring Optical Power 73
Measuring Round Trip Delay 74
Monitoring Signaling Bits 76
Measuring Service Disruption Time 77
Performing an SDH Tributary Scan 80
Performing an SDH Alarm Scan 82
Performing a PDH/DSn Alarm Scan 83
Measuring Jitter 84
Measuring Extended Jitter 86
Measuring Wander 88
Measuring Jitter Tolerance 91
vi
Contents
Measuring Jitter Transfer 94
4 Storing, Logging and Printing
Saving Graphics Results to Instrument Store 100
Recalling Stored Graph Results 101
Viewing the Bar Graph Display 103
Viewing the Graphics Error and Alarm Summaries 105
Logging Graph Displays 107
Logging Results 109
Logging on Demand 112
Logging Jitter Tolerance Results 114
Logging Jitter Transfer Results 116
Logging Results to Parallel (Centronics) Printer 118
Logging Results to HP-IB Printer 119
Logging Results to Internal Printer 120
Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer 121
Printing Results from Disk 122
Connecting an HP 850C DeskJet Printer to a Parallel Port 123
Changing Internal Printer Paper 124
Cleaning Internal Printer Print Head 127
5 Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Storing Configurations in Instrument Store 130
Titling Configuration in Instrument Store 131
Recalling Configurations from Instrument Store 132
Formatting a Disk 133
vii
Contents
Labeling a Disk 134
Managing Files and Directories on Disk 135
Saving Graphics Results to Disk 142
Saving Data Logging to Disk 144
Saving Configurations to Disk 145
Recalling Configuration from Disk 146
Recalling Graphics Results from Disk 147
Copying Configuration from Instrument Store to Disk 148
Copying Configuration from Disk to Instrument Store 150
Copying Graphics Results from Instrument Store to Disk 152
6 Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Coupling Transmit and Receive Settings 156
Setting Time & Date 157
Enabling Keyboard Lock 158
Enabling Beep on Received Error 159
Suspending Test on Signal Loss 160
Setting Error Threshold Indication 161
Setting Screen Brightness and Color 162
Dumping Display to Disk 163
Running Self Test 165
viii
Contents
7 AU-3/TUG-3 Background Patterns
8 ETSI/ANSI Terminology
ETSI/ANSI Conversion and Equivalent Terms 174
ix
Contents
x
1
1 Setting the Interfaces
This chapter tells you how to set the instrument
interfaces to match the network being tested.
Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Transmit Interface
Description PDH transmit interface settings should match network equipment
settings of Rate, Termination and Line Code and determine the Payload
to be tested.
TIP: To set the Transmitter and Receiver to the same interface settings
choose .
OTHER
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
HOW TO: 1 Choose the required SIGNAL rate.
If Option 010 is fitted, rates of 2, 8, 34 and 140 Mb/s are available.
If Option 011 is fitted rates of DS1, DS3, 2 Mb/s and 34 Mb/s are
available.
2 Choose the required CLOCK SYNC source, internally generated or
recovered from the received PDH signal.
IfJitter,Option 204,205or 206, isfitted and SIGNAL is chosen
a choice is added to the menu. This allows you to choose the
2M REF
synchronization source for the 2 Mb/s reference. The synchronization
source is supplied from the SDH Clock module. It can be internally
generated, derived from an external clock or recovered from the SDH
received signal.
2
2 Mb/s
Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Transmit Interface
3 If DS1 or DS3 is chosen, choose the required interface level.
4 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the SIGNAL rate, choose the required
TERMINATION. (At all other signal rates the impedance is fixed).
5 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s, DS1 or 8 Mb/s as the SIGNAL rate, choose
the required LINE CODE. (At 34 Mb/s, 140 Mb/s and DS3 coding is
fixed.)
6 If required, choose the FREQUENCY OFFSET value.
See “Adding Frequency Offset to SDH Signal” page 31.
7 Choose the required PAYLOAD TYPE.
If is required must be chosen.
STRUCTURED
If is chosen the PDH test signal must be set up. See
STRUCTURED
FRAMED
“Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal” page 37.
If you have chosen 2 Mb/s, DS1 or DS3 as the PDH/DSn signal rate,
the Framed choice is expanded to provide a menu of framing types.
8 Choose the PATTERN type and the PRBS POLARITY.
3
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SDH Transmit Interface
Setting SDH Transmit Interface
Description SDH transmit interface settings should match the network equipment
settings of Rate, Wavelength and Mapping, determine the payload to be
tested and set background conditions to prevent alarms while testing.
TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37718A transmitter and receiver to the same
interface settings choose .
OTHER
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
HOW TO: 1 Make your choice of SIGNAL rate.
If Option106, Dual Wavelengthopticalmodule, isfittedand an optical
rate is chosen, choose the required wavelength (1550) or (1310).
If STM-0 is chosen, choose the required interface level.
Choose unless isrequired.If is
INTERNAL THRU MODE THRU MODE
chosen, see "Setting SDH THRU Mode " page 11.
2 Make your choice of CLOCK synchronization source. The RECEIVE
clock sync choice depends on the SDH Receive Interface choice.
EXTERNAL
allows a choice of MTS, BITS or 10 MHz clocks.
3 If required choose the FREQUENCY OFFSET value. See “Adding
Frequency Offset to SDH Signal” page 31.
4 Choose FOREGROUND , BACKGROUND
B/G MAPPING
MAPPING and type of payload.
F/G MAPPING
4
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SDH Transmit Interface
Mapping may beselectedfroma pictorial display by moving the cursor to
MAPPING and pressing .
SET
Use and to move between AU Layer Selection, TU Layer
Selection and Payload Layer Selection. Use and to set the
mapping and to set your selection.
SET
5 If TU-2 mapping is chosen, TU CONCATENATION selection is
enabled, choose or the tributary at which the concatenation
OFF
begins, TU2-2C through TU2-6C.
The BACKGROUND, PATTERN IN OTHER TU2’s is fixed at
NUMBERED, that is, each TU-2 contains a unique number to allow
identification in case of routing problems.
6 If required, choose DS1/2M/34M/DS3/140M OFFSET value. See
“Adding Frequency Offset to SDH Signal” page 31
7 If TU-3, TU-2, TU-12 or TU-11 mapping is chosen, choose the test
tributary CHANNEL, including the STM-1 for an STM-4/STM-16
signal.
8 Choose thepayloadframing under PAYLOADTYPE or TU PAYLOAD.
If is required must be chosen.
STRUCTURED
If is chosen, thePayloadtestsignal must besetup. See
STRUCTURED
FRAMED
“Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal” page 37.
If is chosen, see “Inserting an External PDH Payload/Test
INSERT
Signal” page 43.
If you have chosen 2 Mb/s, DS1 or DS3 under Mapping, the Framed
choice is expanded to provide a menu of framing types.
5
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SDH Transmit Interface
9 If 2 Mb/s framing or is chosen, set the CAS
PCM30 PCM30CRC
ABCD bit value. See "Setting up Signaling Bits " page 34
10 Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity.
11 Choose the mapping required in the background (non-test) TUG-3s.
Refer to Appendix A for a table of background patterns for AU-3 and
TUG-3.
12 If TU-12 mapping is chosen for the test TUG-3, choose the PATTERN
IN OTHER TU-12s.
6
Setting the Interfaces
Setting Jitter Transmit Interface
Setting Jitter Transmit Interface
Description: You can add jitter to the transmitted PDH or SDH signal at 2 Mb/s,
8 Mb/s 34 Mb/s, 140 Mb/s, STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16. You can source
the jitter modulation internally or from an external source.
HOW TO: 1 If you are adding jitter to the PDH signal, set up the PDH transmit
interface. See "Setting PDH Transmit Interface " page 2.
2 If you are adding jitter to the SDH signal, set up the SDH transmit
interface. See "Setting SDH Transmit Interface " page 4.
3 Choose JITTER/WANDER .
If you wish to add wander to the PDH or SDH signal, see "Setting
Wander Transmit Interface " page 9.
4 Choose JITTER .
If you wish to perform a Jitter Tolerance measurement, choose
AUTO TOLERANCE
If you wish to perform a Jitter Transfer measurement choose
TRANSFER FUNCTION
ON
. See “Measuring Jitter Tolerance” page 91.
JITTER
. See "Measuring Jitter Transfer " page 94.
7
Setting the Interfaces
Setting Jitter Transmit Interface
5 Choose the modulation source.
If adding jitter to the PDH signal and is chosen, connect
EXTERNAL
the external sourcetotheMOD IN port of the JITTER TXmodule.Up
to 10 UI of external jitter modulation can be added at the MOD IN
port.
If adding jitter to the SDH signal and is chosen, connect
EXTERNAL
the external source to the MOD IN port of the SDH Clock module. Up
to 20 UI of external jitter modulation can be added at the MOD IN
port.
6 Choose the JITTER MASK setting required.
You can choose the jitter range,jittermodulating frequency and jitter
amplitude if is chosen.
If youchoose , the HP37718Awill "sweep" through the ITU-T
OFF
SWEPT
jitter mask (G.823forPDH,G.958, G.825 or G.253for SDH) adjusting
the jitter amplitude according to the jitter frequency.
If you choose , you can choose the "spot" jitter frequency. The
SPOT
jitter amplitude is adjusted and controlled according to your jitter
frequency choice.
TIP: If, when using the SWEPT MASK capability, a problem occurs around a
certain frequency, this may require closer examination. Stop the sweep
at that point by choosing . You can then control the "spot" jitter
SPOT
frequency to make closer examination of the problem.
8
Setting the Interfaces
Setting Wander Transmit Interface
Setting Wander Transmit Interface
Description: You can add Wanderto the 2 Mb/s PDH signal and the STM-1, STM-4 or
STM-16 SDH signal.
HOW TO: PDH Wander (2 Mb/s)
1 Connect REF OUT on the SDH Clock module to REF IN on the PDH
Jitter TX module (this provides the Wander Reference).
2 Set up the PDH transmit interface, choose CLOCK SYNC
and select the SOURCE required from the menu. See "Setting PDH
Transmit Interface " page 2.
3 Choose JITTER/WANDER .
If you wish to add jitter to the PDH signal, see "Setting Jitter
Transmit Interface " page 7.
4 Choose WANDER .
5 Choose the modulation source.
If is chosen, connect the external source to the MOD IN
EXTERNAL
port of the PDH Jitter TX module. Up to 10 UI of Wander modulation
can be added.
ON
2M REF
WANDER
9
Setting the Interfaces
Setting Wander Transmit Interface
6 Choose the WANDER MASK setting required.
You can choose the wander modulating frequency and wander
amplitude if is chosen.
If you choose ,youcanchoosethe"spot"wander frequency. The
OFF
SPOT
wanderamplitude isadjustedand controlledaccordingto yourwander
frequency choice.
SDH Wander (STM-1, STM-4, STM-16)
7 Set up the SDH transmit interface. See "Setting SDH Transmit
Interface " page 4.
8 Choose JITTER/WANDER .
WANDER
If you wish to add jitter to the SDH signal, see "Setting Jitter
Transmit Interface " page 7.
9 Choose WANDER .
ON
10 Choose the WANDER MASK setting required.
You can choose the wander modulating frequency and wander
amplitude if is chosen.
If you choose ,youcanchoosethe"spot"wander frequency. The
OFF
SPOT
wanderamplitude isadjustedand controlledaccordingto yourwander
frequency choice.
10
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SDH THRU Mode
Setting SDH THRU Mode
Description THRU mode is used to non-intrusively monitor SDH lines where no
protected monitor points are available.
As THRU mode locks some user settings, you must set SIGNAL RATE,
AU rate, AU-3 CHANNEL (if appropriate) before selecting THRU mode.
The entire frame can be errorred at a user defined rate if PAYLOAD
OVERWRITE and SOH+POH CHANNEL OVERWRITE are both set to
. If eitheroverwriteisenabled the ENTIRE FRAME ERROR RATE
OFF
function is disabled.
Jitter can be added to the STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 signal.
STM-0, STM-1
You can substitute a new payload, Section overhead (SOH) and Path
overhead (POH) in the received STM-0/1 signal for testing.
STM-4, STM-16
The overhead and payload may be overwritten for AU-4 and AU3.
PAYLOAD OVERWRITE is not available for AU-4-4c or AU-4-16c.
SOH overwrite is available for AU-4-4C and AU-4-16c.
HOW TO:
1 Make the required SIGNAL RATE, MAPPING and CHANNEL
choices on the SDH and displays, See "Setting
SDHTransmitInterface " page 4 and "SettingSDHReceive Interface
" page 17.
TRANSMIT
RECEIVE
11
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SDH THRU Mode
2 Make the PAYLOAD OVERWRITE choice required.
If AU-4,AU-3, TU-3,TU-2or TU-12 is chosen,theB1, B2 andB3BIPs
are recalculated before transmission and the Mapping, Selected TU,
TU Payload, Pattern, Tributary Offset and Pattern in other TU’s
settings are displayed. To choose the settings in these, See "Setting
SDH Transmit Interface " page 4, steps 4 through 10.
3 Make the SOH+POH OVERWRITE choice required.
You can only modify those overheadbytesavailableunder
SDH TEST FUNCTION SDH
: Errors & Alarms, Sequences,
TRANSMIT
Overhead BER, APS Messages and DCC Insert.
The B1, B2 and B3 BIPs are recalculated before transmission.
4 If you wish to add jitter to the STM-1, STM-4 or STM-16 signal, see
"Setting Jitter Transmit Interface " page 7.
12
Setting the Interfaces
Using Smart Test
Using Smart Test
Description The SmartTest functioncanhelp speed-up configuring the instrument in
two ways.
1 A Smartsetup feature that will attempt to configure the instrument
to receive the incoming signal.
2 A series of “links” that provide quick access to some of the most
frequently used features of the instrument. Note that these tests are
run with the instrument in its current configuration, no attempt is
made to set the instrument to the requirements of the test.
Smartsetup can help the user by attempting to identify the incoming
signal structure and detect mixed payload signal structures.
HOW TO USE
SMARTSETUP:
1 Connect the HP 37718A to the network and choose if necessary the
required SDH interface on the HP 37718A(Smartsetup will
select PDH or SDH/SONET, but can not select between SDH and
SONET).
2 Press .
The display will show the Smart Test menu above.
3 Press either or .
SMART TEST
RECEIVE
SET
SELECT
13
Setting the Interfaces
Using Smart Test
4 In SDH mode the incoming signal will be identified on the top line of
thedisplay,andunder this thepayload mappings,theJ1 TraceandC2
byte indicators are displayed on the bottom lines.
5 Use the and keys to display theJ1Traceinformationfor each
AUG. When the AUG of interest has been identified choose either
VIEW PAYLOAD PRBS SEARCH
or .
6 Choosing will identify and display the payload
VIEW PAYLOAD
mapping of the TUG structured signal, as shown below.
Choose the required tributary using and .
7 There are four choices available at this point:
SETUP RX
TROUBLE SCAN
tributary, exitstothe displayandstarts
which sets the receiver to receive the selected tributary.
which sets the receiver to receive the selected
RESULTS
TROUBLE SCAN
gating.
VIEW LABELS
which displaystheC2/V5/J1/J2 trace information for
the selected tributary.
TOP LEVEL
which returns the display to the AUG selection window.
8 Choosing at Step 5 will prompt you for additional
PRBS SEARCH
information about patterns and which mapping to search. When the
required data has been entered press .
GO
9 When the search is complete a tributary display appears, with any
tributariescontainingthe required PRBSindicated with a“P”. Choose
the required tributary using and .
14
Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Receive Interface
Setting PDH Receive Interface
Description PDH Receive interface settings should match the network equipment
settings of Rate, Termination and Line Code and determine the Payload
to be tested.
TIP: To set the transmitter and receiver to the same interface settings choose
OTHER
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
.
HOW TO: 1 Choose the required SIGNAL rate.
2 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the SIGNAL rate, choose the required
TERMINATION. (At all other rates the impedance is fixed.)
3 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s, DS1 or 8 Mb/s as the SIGNAL rate, choose
the required LINE CODE. (At 34Mb/s, 140 Mb/s and DS3 coding is
fixed.)
4 If you are measuring at the networkequipmentmonitorpoint,set the
LEVEL field to . In this case the received signal will be 20
to 30 dB below the normal level.
Choose the GAIN required to return the received signal to normal.
Choose EQUALIZATION to compensate for cable losses if
required.
MONITOR
ON
15
Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Receive Interface
Choose the PAYLOAD TYPE.
If is required must be chosen.
STRUCTURED
If is chosen, the PDH test signal must be set up. See
STRUCTURED
FRAMED
“Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal” page 37.
If you chose 2 Mb/s, DS1 or DS3 as the PDH/DSn SIGNAL rate, the
FRAMED choice is expanded to provide a menu of framing types.
5 Choose the PATTERN type and the PRBS POLARITY required.
16
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SDH Receive Interface
Setting SDH Receive Interface
Description SDH Receive interface settings should match the network equipment
settings of Rate and Mapping, and determine the payload to be tested.
TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37718A transmitter and receiver to the same
interface settings, choose .
OTHER
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
HOW TO: 1 Choose the required SIGNAL source.
If STM-0 or STM-1 electrical is chosen, choose the required LEVEL.
If the LEVEL chosen is choose the required GAIN.
MONITOR
2 Choose mapping and type of payload.
3 IfTU-2mapping ischosen,and CONCATENATION isenabled, choose
the tributary at which the concatenation begins.
If TU-2, TU-3, TU-12 or TU11 mapping is chosen, choose the test
tributary under CHANNEL.
4 Choose thepayloadframing under PAYLOAD TYPE or TUPAYLOAD.
If is required must be chosen.
STRUCTURED
If is chosen the Payload test signal must besetup. See
STRUCTURED
FRAMED
“Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal” page 39.
If DROP is chosen, see “Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal”
page 46.
5 Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity.
17
Setting the Interfaces
Setting Jitter Receive Interface
Setting Jitter Receive Interface
Description: Jitter and error measurements are made simultaneously when a jitter
option is fitted. The measurements are made on the normal input to the
PDH or SDH receiver and the interface selections are the normal
Receiver selections. Thejitterreceiveinterfaceis selected with
PDH JITTER
JITTER
.
or MEASUREMENT TYPE
RECEIVE
SDH
JITTER
The choices made on the jitter receive interface determine the jitter
measurement range, the threshold level for determining a jitter hit and
which filters are used in the jitter measurement.
RECEIVE
HOW TO: 1 Choose the RECEIVER RANGE - the jitter measurement range.
2 Choose the HIT THRESHOLD level - if the received jitter exceeds the
value chosen a jitter hit is recorded.
3 Choose the FILTER you wish to include in the peak to peak and RMS
jitter measurement.
18
Setting the Interfaces
Setting Extended Jitter Receive Interface
Setting Extended Jitter Receive
Interface
Description: Extended Jitter measurements are made in a jitter bandwidth of 0.1 Hz
to 25 kHz. These measurements are made at the upper end of the
standard wander frequency range and the lower end of the standard
jitter frequency range. The extended jitter receive interface is selected
with or
RECEIVE
MEASUREMENT TYPE .
The choices made on the jitter receive interface determine the threshold
level for determining a jitter hit. The measurement Range and the
Filters are not selectable.
PDH JITTER
EXTENDED
RECEIVE
SDH
JITTER
HOW TO: 1 Choose MEASUREMENT TYPE .
2 Choose the HIT THRESHOLD level - if the received jitter exceeds the
value chosen a jitter hit is recorded.
EXTENDED
19
Setting the Interfaces
Setting Wander Receive Interface
Setting Wander Receive Interface
Description: You can measure Wander at all PDH and SDH rates. A synchronization
source for the 2 Mb/s reference should be selected on the
or display to ensure accurate Wander
PDH
SDH MAIN SETTINGS
results.
TRANSMIT
HOW TO: 1 Choose a synchronization source for the 2 Mb/s reference on the
TRANSMIT
SDH MAIN SETTINGS
display. See, “Setting SDH
Transmit Interface” page 4.
2 If you intend to measure wander on a PDH signal, set up the PDH
receive interface. See, “Setting PDH Receive Interface” page 15.
3 If you intend to measure wander on a SDH signal, set up the SDH
receive interface. See, “Setting SDH Receive Interface” page 17.
4 Choose the wander HIT THRESHOLD - if the received wander
exceeds the value chosen a wander hit is recorded.
20
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