HP 37718A
Communications
Performance Analyzer
User’s Guide
PDH/SDH
Operation
Copyright HewlettPackard Ltd.1998
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HP Part No.
37718-90003
First edition, 09/98
Printed in U.K.
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Hewlett-Packard Limited
Telecommunications Networks Test Division
South Queensferry
West Lothian, Scotland EH30 9TG
User’s Guide PDH/SDH Operation
HP 37718A Communications
Performance Analyzer
About This Book
This book tells you how to select the features that you want to use for your test.
The selections available are presented in the following groups:
• Transmit and receive interfaces
• Test features, for example, the addition of errors and alarms to the test signal
• Measurements including test timing
• Storing, logging and printing results with general printer information
• Using instrument and disk storage
• Using the “Other” features.
The selections available will depend on the options fitted to your
instrument. The examples given in this book cover all options and
therefore may include selections which are not available on your
instrument.
iv
Contents
1 Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Transmit Interface 10
Setting SDH Transmit Interface 12
Setting SDH THRU Mode 15
Using Smart Test 17
Setting PDH Receive Interface 19
Setting SDH Receive Interface 21
2 Selecting Test Features
Using Transmit Overhead Setup 24
Using Receive Overhead Monitor 26
Setting Overhead Trace Messages 28
Generating Overhead Sequences 29
Using Receive Overhead Capture 31
Adding Frequency Offset to SDH Signal 33
Adding Frequency Offset to the PDH Signal 35
Setting up Signaling Bits 36
Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal 39
Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal 41
Setting Transmit N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s
Structured Payload/Test Signal 42
Setting Receive N x 64 kb/s/N x 56 kb/s
Structured Payload/Test Signal 44
Inserting an External PDH Payload/Test Signal 45
Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal 48
Adding Errors & Alarms at the SDH Interface 51
Adding Errors & Alarms to the PDH Interface/PDH Payload 52
Using FEAC Codes 53
v
Contents
Setting PDH Spare Bits 55
Adding Pointer Adjustments 56
Using Pointer Graph Test Function 63
Stressing Optical Clock Recovery Circuits 65
Generating Automatic Protection Switch Messages 66
Inserting & Dropping Data Communications Channel 67
3 Making Measurements
Using Overhead BER Test Function 70
Test Timing 71
Making SDH Analysis Measurements 72
Making PDH Analysis Measurements 73
Measuring Frequency 74
Measuring Optical Power 75
Measuring Round Trip Delay 76
Monitoring Signaling Bits 78
Measuring Service Disruption Time 79
Performing an SDH Tributary Scan 82
Performing an SDH Alarm Scan 84
Performing a PDH/DSn Alarm Scan 85
4 Storing, Logging and Printing
Saving Graphics Results to Instrument Store 88
Recalling Stored Graph Results 89
Viewing the Bar Graph Display 91
Viewing the Graphics Error and Alarm Summaries 93
vi
Contents
Logging Graph Displays 95
Logging Results 97
Logging on Demand 100
Logging Results to Parallel (Centronics) Printer 102
Logging Results to HP-IB Printer 103
Logging Results to Internal Printer 104
Logging Results to RS-232-C Printer 105
Printing Results from Disk 106
Connecting an HP DeskJet Printer to a Parallel Port 107
Changing Internal Printer Paper 108
Cleaning Internal Printer Print Head 111
5 Using Instrument and Disk Storage
Storing Configurations in Instrument Store 114
Titling Configuration in Instrument Store 115
Recalling Configurations from Instrument Store 116
Formatting a Disk 117
Labeling a Disk 118
Managing Files and Directories on Disk 119
Saving Graphics Results to Disk 126
Saving Data Logging to Disk 128
Saving Configurations to Disk 129
Recalling Configuration from Disk 130
Recalling Graphics Results from Disk 131
Copying Configuration from Instrument Store to Disk 132
Copying Configuration from Disk to Instrument Store 134
Copying Graphics Results from Instrument Store to Disk 136
vii
Contents
6 Selecting and Using "Other" Features
Coupling Transmit and Receive Settings 140
Setting Time & Date 141
Enabling Keyboard Lock 142
Enabling Beep on Received Error 143
Suspending Test on Signal Loss 144
Setting Error Threshold Indication 145
Setting Screen Brightness and Color 146
Dumping Display to Disk 147
Running Self Test 149
7 AU-3/TUG-3 Background Patterns
8 ETSI/ANSI Terminology
ETSI/ANSI Conversion and Equivalent Terms 158
viii
1
1 Setting the Interfaces
This chapter tells you how to set the instrument
interfaces to match the network being tested.
Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Transmit Interface
Description PDH transmit interface settings should match network equipment
settings of Rate, Termination and Line Code and determine the Payload
to be tested.
TIP: To set the Transmitter and Receiver to the same interface settings
choose .
OTHER
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
HOW TO: 1 Choose the required SIGNAL rate.
If Option 010 is fitted, rates of 2, 8, 34 and 140 Mb/s are available.
If Option 011 is fitted rates of DS1, DS3, 2 Mb/s and 34 Mb/s are
available.
2 Choose the required CLOCK SYNC (clock synchronization source).
3 If DS1 or DS3 is chosen, choose the required interface level.
4 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the SIGNAL rate, choose the required
TERMINATION. (At all other signal rates the impedance is fixed).
10
Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Transmit Interface
5 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s, DS1 or 8 Mb/s as the SIGNAL rate, choose
the required LINE CODE. (At 34 Mb/s, 140 Mb/s and DS3 coding is
fixed.)
6 If required, choose the FREQUENCY OFFSET value.
See “Adding Frequency Offset to SDH Signal” page 33.
7 Choose the required PAYLOAD TYPE.
If STRUCTURED is required FRAMED must be chosen.
If Structured is chosen the PDH test signal must be set up. See
“Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal” page 39.
If you have chosen 2 Mb/s, DS1 or DS3 as the PDH/DSn signal rate,
the Framed choice is expanded to provide a menu of framing types.
8 Choose the PATTERN type and the PRBS POLARITY.
11
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SDH Transmit Interface
Setting SDH Transmit Interface
Description SDH transmit interface settings should match the network equipment
settings of Rate, Wavelength and Mapping, determine the payload to be
tested and set background conditions to prevent alarms while testing.
TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37718A transmitter and receiver to the same
interface settings choose .
OTHER
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
HOW TO: 1 Make your choice of SIGNAL rate.
If Option106, Dual Wavelengthopticalmodule, isfittedand anoptical
rate is chosen, choose the required wavelength (1550) or (1310).
If STM-0 is chosen, choose the required interface level.
ChooseINTERNALunless THRUMODEis required.If THRU MODE
is chosen, see "Setting SDH THRU Mode " page 15.
2 Make your choice of CLOCK synchronization source. The RECEIVE
clock sync choice depends on the SDH Receive Interface choice.
EXTERNAL allows a choice of MTS, BITS or 10 MHz clocks.
3 If required choose the FREQUENCY OFFSET value. See “Adding
Frequency Offset to SDH Signal” page 33.
4 Choose FOREGROUND , BACKGROUND
B/G MAPPING
12
MAPPING and type of payload.
F/G MAPPING
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SDH Transmit Interface
Mapping may beselectedfroma pictorial display by moving the cursor to
MAPPING and pressing .
SET
Use and to move between AU Layer Selection, TU Layer
Selection and Payload Layer Selection. Use and to set the
mapping and to set your selection.
SET
5 If TU-2 mapping is chosen, TU CONCATENATION selection is
enabled, choose OFF or the tributary at which the concatenation
begins, TU2-2C through TU2-6C.
The BACKGROUND, PATTERN IN OTHER TU2’s is fixed at
NUMBERED, that is, each TU-2 contains a unique number to allow
identification in case of routing problems.
6 If required, choose DS1/2M/34M/DS3/140M OFFSET value. See
“Adding Frequency Offset to SDH Signal” page 33
7 If TU-3, TU-2, TU-12 or TU-11 mapping is chosen, choose the test
tributary CHANNEL, including the STM-1 for an STM-4/STM-16
signal.
8 Choose thepayloadframing under PAYLOADTYPE or TU PAYLOAD.
If STRUCTURED is required FRAMED must be chosen.
If STRUCTURED is chosen, the Payload test signal must be set up.
See “Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal” page 39.
If INSERT is chosen, see “Inserting an External PDH Payload/Test
Signal” page 45.
If you have chosen 2 Mb/s, DS1 or DS3 under Mapping, the Framed
choice is expanded to provide a menu of framing types.
13
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SDH Transmit Interface
9 If 2Mb/s framing PCM30 orPCM30CRCis chosen, settheCAS ABCD
bit value. See "Setting up Signaling Bits " page 36
10 Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity.
11 Choose the mapping required in the background (non-test) TUG-3s.
Refer to Appendix A for a table of background patterns for AU-3 and
TUG-3.
12 If TU-12 mapping is chosen for the test TUG-3, choose the PATTERN
IN OTHER TU-12s.
14
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SDH THRU Mode
Setting SDH THRU Mode
Description THRU mode is used to non-intrusively monitor SDH lines where no
protected monitor points are available.
As THRU mode locks some user settings, you must set SIGNAL RATE,
AU rate, AU-3 CHANNEL (if appropriate) before selecting THRU mode.
The entire frame can be errorred at a user defined rate if PAYLOAD
OVERWRITE and SOH+POH CHANNEL OVERWRITE are both set to
OFF. If either overwrite is enabled the ENTIRE FRAME ERROR RATE
function is disabled.
STM-0, STM-1
You can substitute a new payload, Section overhead (SOH) and Path
overhead (POH) in the received STM-0/1 signal for testing.
STM-4, STM-16
The overhead and payload may be overwritten for AU-4 and AU3.
PAYLOAD OVERWRITE is not available for AU-4-4c or AU-4-16c.
SOH overwrite is available for AU-4-4C and AU-4-16c.
HOW TO:
1 Make the required SIGNAL RATE, MAPPING and CHANNEL
choices on the SDH and displays, See "Setting
SDH Transmit Interface " page 12 and "Setting SDH Receive
Interface " page 21.
TRANSMIT
RECEIVE
15
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SDH THRU Mode
2 Make the PAYLOAD OVERWRITE choice required.
If AU-4,AU-3, TU-3,TU-2or TU-12 is chosen,theB1, B2 andB3BIPs
are recalculated before transmission and the Mapping, Selected TU,
TU Payload, Pattern, Tributary Offset and Pattern in other TU’s
settings are displayed. To choose the settings in these, See "Setting
SDH Transmit Interface " page 12, steps 4 through 10.
3 Make the SOH+POH OVERWRITE choice required.
You can only modify those overheadbytesavailableunder
SDH TEST FUNCTION SDH
: Errors & Alarms, Sequences,
TRANSMIT
Overhead BER, APS Messages and DCC Insert.
The B1, B2 and B3 BIPs are recalculated before transmission.
16
Setting the Interfaces
Using Smart Test
Using Smart Test
Description The SmartTest functioncanhelp speed-up configuring the instrument in
two ways.
1 A Smartsetup feature that will attempt to configure the instrument
to receive the incoming signal.
2 A series of “links” that provide quick access to some of the most
frequently used features of the instrument. Note that these tests are
run with the instrument in its current configuration, no attempt is
made to set the instrument to the requirements of the test.
Smartsetup can help the user by attempting to identify the incoming
signal structure and detect mixed payload signal structures.
HOW TO USE
SMARTSETUP:
1 Connect the HP 37718A to the network and choose if necessary the
required SDH interface on the HP 37718A(Smartsetup will
select PDH or SDH/SONET, but can not select between SDH and
SONET).
2 Press .
The display will show the Smart Test menu above.
3 Press either or .
SMART TEST
RECEIVE
SET
SELECT
17
Setting the Interfaces
Using Smart Test
4 In SDH mode the incoming signal will be identified on the top line of
thedisplay,andunder this thepayload mappings,theJ1 TraceandC2
byte indicators are displayed on the bottom lines.
5 Use the and keys to display the J1Traceinformationforeach
AUG. When the AUG of interest has been identified choose either
VIEW PAYLOAD PRBS SEARCH
or .
6 Choosing will identify and display the payload
VIEW PAYLOAD
mapping of the TUG structured signal, as shown below.
Choose the required tributary using and .
7 There are four choices available at this point:
SETUP RX
TROUBLE SCAN
tributary, exitstothe displayandstarts
which sets the receiver to receive the selected tributary.
which sets the receiver to receive the selected
RESULTS
TROUBLE SCAN
gating.
VIEW LABELS
which displaystheC2/V5/J1/J2 trace information for
the selected tributary.
TOP LEVEL
which returns the display to the AUG selection window.
8 Choosing at Step 5 will prompt you for additional
PRBS SEARCH
information about patterns and which mapping to search. When the
required data has been entered press .
GO
9 When the search is complete a tributary display appears, with any
tributariescontainingthe required PRBSindicated with a“P”. Choose
the required tributary using and .
18
Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Receive Interface
Setting PDH Receive Interface
Description PDH Receive interface settings should match the network equipment
settings of Rate, Termination and Line Code and determine the Payload
to be tested.
TIP: To set the transmitter and receiver to the same interface settings choose
OTHER
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
.
HOW TO: 1 Choose the required SIGNAL rate.
2 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s as the SIGNAL rate, choose the required
TERMINATION. (At all other rates the impedance is fixed.)
3 If you have chosen 2 Mb/s, DS1 or 8 Mb/s as the SIGNAL rate, choose
the required LINE CODE. (At 34Mb/s, 140 Mb/s and DS3 coding is
fixed.)
4 If you are measuring at the networkequipmentmonitorpoint,set the
LEVEL field to MONITOR. In this case the received signal will be 20
to 30 dB below the normal level.
Choose the GAIN required to return the received signal to normal.
Choose EQUALIZATION to compensate for cable losses if required.
19
Setting the Interfaces
Setting PDH Receive Interface
5 Choose the PAYLOAD TYPE.
If STRUCTURED is required FRAMED must be chosen.
If STRUCTURED is chosen, the PDH test signal must be set up. See
“Setting Transmit Structured Payload/Test Signal” page 39.
If you chose 2 Mb/s, DS1 or DS3 as the PDH/DSn SIGNAL rate, the
FRAMED choice is expanded to provide a menu of framing types.
6 Choose the PATTERN type and the PRBS POLARITY required.
20
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SDH Receive Interface
Setting SDH Receive Interface
Description SDH Receive interface settings should match the network equipment
settings of Rate and Mapping, and determine the payload to be tested.
TIP: If you wish to set the HP 37718A transmitter and receiver to the same
interface settings, choose .
OTHER
SETTINGS CONTROL COUPLED
HOW TO: 1 Choose the required SIGNAL source.
If STM-0 or STM-1 electrical is chosen, choose the required LEVEL.
If the LEVEL chosen is MONITOR choose the required GAIN.
2 Choose mapping and type of payload.
3 IfTU-2mapping ischosen,and CONCATENATIONisenabled, choose
the tributary at which the concatenation begins.
If TU-2, TU-3, TU-12 or TU11 mapping is chosen, choose the test
tributary under CHANNEL.
4 Choose thepayloadframing under PAYLOAD TYPE or TUPAYLOAD.
If STRUCTURED is required FRAMED must be chosen.
IfSTRUCTUREDis chosenthePayloadtest signal mustbe set up.See
“Setting Receive Structured Payload/Test Signal” page 41.
If DROP is chosen, see “Dropping an External Payload/Test Signal”
page 48.
5 Choose the PATTERN type and PRBS polarity.
21
Setting the Interfaces
Setting SDH Receive Interface
22
2
2 Selecting Test Features
Selecting Test Features
Using Transmit Overhead Setup
Description You can set an overhead byte to a known static state to aid
troubleshooting, for example to quickly check for "stuck bits" in path
overhead bytes. Section Overhead, Path Overhead, Trace Messages and
Labels can be set using this feature.
HOW TO: 1 Setupthe SDHtransmitinterface andpayloadrequired. See "Setting
SDH Transmit Interface " page 12.
2 Choose the type of overhead to SETUP.
If STM-4 OPT or STM-16 OPT is chosen as the SDH interface, choose
the STM-1 you wish to set up.
DEFAULT - Use to set all overhead bytes to the standard values
defined by ITU-T.
If a test function is active then the overhead byte value is determined
by the choices made in the Test Function. For example if APS
Messages is chosen, the K1K2 value is determined by the APS
Messages setup.
24
Selecting Test Features
Using Transmit Overhead Setup
3 If SOH (Section Overhead) is chosen, choose the COLUMN to be
displayed. Many bytes in COLS 2,5,8 and 3,6,9 are unlabeled as the
other overhead functions have not yet been defined.
If ALL COLUMNS is chosen, the hexadecimal value of all 81 bytes of
the STM-1 sectionoverheadselectedare displayed (all 324 bytes ofan
STM-4 or 1,296 bytes of an STM-16 are displayed 81 bytes at a time
by selecting each STM-1 in turn). The value of the bytes can be set
using .
DECREASE DIGIT INCREASE DIGIT
If BYTE NAMES is chosen, the labels for the ALL COLUMNS
overhead bytes are displayed.
4 If POH (Path Overhead) is chosen, choose the TYPE of overhead
within STM-1 under test to be setup.
J1 and J2 bytes can be set under Path Overhead or Trace Messages.
H4 bytehasa choice of sequences forTU-12,TU11 and TU-2 mapping:
Full Sequence - 48 byte binary sequence.
Reduced Sequence - Binary count sequence of 0 to 3 i.e. 111111(00
to 11).
COC1 Sequence - Binary count sequence of 0 to 3 i.e. 110000(00 to
11).
5 If TRACE MESSAGES is chosen, see "Setting Overhead Trace
Messages " page 28.
NOTE Any bit of an overhead byte which is displayed as x or s cannot be set at
any time. All other bits can be set to 0 or 1.
TIP: You can set all overhead bytes to the default state by selecting SETUP
DEFAULT
.
You can set all overhead bytes and test functions to the default state by
recalling Stored Settings [0] on the display.
OTHER
25
Selecting Test Features
Using Receive Overhead Monitor
Using Receive Overhead Monitor
Description When first connecting to a SDH network, a start up confidence check can
be made by viewing the behavior of all the overhead bytes. If the SDH
network shows alarm indications, some diagnosis of the problem may be
gained from viewing all the overhead bytes.The OVERHEAD MONITOR
display is updated once per second (once per 8000 frames) approximately.
A snapshot of the received overhead can be logged to the chosen logging
device. See "Logging on Demand " page 100.
HOW TO: 1 Setupthe receiveSDH interfaceand payloadas required.See“Setting
SDH Receive Interface” page 21.
2 Choose the type of overhead to MONITOR.
3 If SOH (Section Overhead) is chosen, choose the STM-1 number and
COLUMN to be displayed.
Many bytes in COLS 2,5,8 and 3,6,9 are unlabeled because the other
overhead functions have not yet been defined.
If ALL COLUMNS is chosen, the hexadecimal value of all 81 bytes of
section overheadis displayed (all324bytes of anSTM-4or 1,296 bytes
of an STM-16aredisplayed81 bytes at a time by selecting eachSTM1 in turn).The value of the bytes can be set using
INCREASE DIGIT
26
.
DECREASE DIGIT
Selecting Test Features
Using Receive Overhead Monitor
If BYTE NAMES is chosen, the labels for the ALL COLUMNS
overhead bytes are displayed.
4 If POH (Path Overhead) is chosen, choose the source of the overhead
VC-4, VC-3, VC-2, VC-12 or VC-11.
J1 and J2 bytes can be monitored under Path Overhead or Trace
Messages
5 If TRACE MESSAGES is chosen, you can monitor a data message to
verify portions of the network.
If the 16 byte CRC7 message structure is detected, the 15 characters
within the message are displayed.
If the CRC7 structure is not detected in J1, the 64 byte message
format is assumed and displayed.
If the CRC7 structure is not detected for J0 or J2, all 16 bytes are
displayed.
6 If LABELS is chosen, the S1 sync status, HP path label (C2) and the
LP Path label (V5) are monitored.
7 If APS MESSAGES is chosen, choose the TOPOLOGY,
(G.783) or (G.841). The K1 and K2 bits are monitored.
RING
LINEAR
TIP: If any abnormal behavior is observed on a particular path or section
overhead byte, or an associated group of bytes (3XA1,3XA2; D1 - D3), the
RECEIVE
TEST FUNCTION
display of can be
OVERHEAD CAPTURE
used to "Zoom" in on the suspect byte or bytes on a frame by frame basis.
See "Using Receive Overhead Capture " page 31.
27
Selecting Test Features
Setting Overhead Trace Messages
Setting Overhead Trace Messages
Description You can insert a data message to verify portions of the network:
J0 verifies the regenerator section overhead.
J1 verifies the VC-3 or VC-4 path connection.
J2 verifies the VC-2, VC-12 or VC-11 path connection.
HOW TO: 1 Choose the message for insertion in the chosen trace channel.
ChoosingLABELSin TRACE MESSAGESallows the settingof the S1
SYNC STATUS, HP PATH LABEL (C2) and LP PATH LABEL (V5).
28
Selecting Test Features
Generating Overhead Sequences
Generating Overhead Sequences
Description You may insert a pattern into a functional group of overhead bytes for
testing or troubleshooting purposes.
HOW TO: 1 Set up theSDHtransmit interface and payload required. See“Setting
SDH Transmit Interface” page 12.
2 Choose the type of sequence required.
SINGLE RUN - runs the sequence once and then stops.
REPEAT RUN - runs the sequence repeatedly until STOPPED is
chosen.
3 Choose the overhead type as required.
RSOH- Regenerator Section Overhead
MSOH- Multiplexer Section Overhead
POH - Path Overhead
4 Choose the byte or bytes of overhead required.
5 Set up the required number of data patterns and the number of
frames in which each data pattern should appear.
Your sequenceisderived fromup to5blocks ofhexadecimal data.Each
block can be transmitted in up to 64,000 frames.
The data and the number of frames are set using
INCREASE DIGIT
.
DECREASE DIGIT
29
Selecting Test Features
Generating Overhead Sequences
6 Start the sequence by choosing .
START
NOTE When youstart the sequenceillustrated,one Out ofFramealarm andone
Loss of Frame alarm should occur every eight seconds.
30
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