KERN & Sohn GmbH
Ziegelei 1
D-72336 Balingen
E-mail: info@kern-sohn.com
Tel: +49-[0]7433- 9933-0
Fax: +49-[0]7433-9933-149
Internet: www.kern-sohn.com
User instructions
Metallurgical microscope
KERN OKN-1, OKO-1
OKN 175, OKN 177
OKO 176, OKO 178
Version 1.0
01/2015
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
GB
KERN OKN-1, OKO-1
Version 1.0 01/2015
User instructions
Metallurgical microscope
Table of contents
1 Before use ...................................................................................................... 3
1.1 General notes .......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Notes on the electrical system ............................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Storage ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Maintenance and cleaning ...................................................................................................................... 5
2 Nomenclature ................................................................................................. 6
3 Technical data / Features .............................................................................. 9
4 Assembly ...................................................................................................... 11
4.1 Reflected light unit ............................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 Microscope head ................................................................................................................................... 12
4.3 Objectives .............................................................................................................................................. 12
4.4 Eyepieces ............................................................................................................................................... 13
4.5 Colour filter ............................................................................................................................................ 13
4.6 Condenser ............................................................................................................................................. 13
5 Operation ...................................................................................................... 14
5.1 Getting started ....................................................................................................................................... 14
5.2 (Pre-) focussing ..................................................................................................................................... 15
5.3 Adjusting the interpupillary distance .................................................................................................. 16
5.4 Dioptre adjustment ................................................................................................................................ 16
5.5 Adjusting the magnification ................................................................................................................. 17
5.6 Using eye cups ...................................................................................................................................... 18
5.7 Using oil immersion objectives............................................................................................................ 19
5.8 Adjusting the Koehler illumination for transmitted light ................................................................... 20
5.9 Adjusting the illumination for incident light ....................................................................................... 23
6 Changing the bulb ....................................................................................... 25
6.1 Transmitted light ................................................................................................................................... 25
6.2 Reflected light ....................................................................................................................................... 26
7 Changing the fuse ........................................................................................ 26
7.1 Transmitted light ................................................................................................................................... 26
7.2 Reflected light ....................................................................................................................................... 26
8 Using optional accessories ........................................................................ 27
8.1 Polarisation unit (Transmitted light) .................................................................................................... 27
8.2 Camera connection (only for trinocular version) ............................................................................... 28
8.3 Dark field units (Transmitted light) ...................................................................................................... 28
8.4 Phase-contrast units (Transmitted light) ............................................................................................ 29
9 Trouble shooting.......................................................................................... 32
10 Service .......................................................................................................... 34
11 Disposal ........................................................................................................ 34
12 Further information ...................................................................................... 34
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 2
1 Before use
1.1 General notes
You must open the packaging carefully, to make sure that none of the accessories in
the packaging fall on the floor and get broken.
In general, microscopes should always be handled carefully because they are
sensitive precision instruments. When using or transporting the microscope it is
particularly important to avoid abrupt movements, as this may damage the optical
components.
You should also avoid getting dirt or finger prints on the lens surface, because in
most cases this will reduce image clarity.
To maintain the performance of the microscope, it must never be disassembled. So
components such as lenses and other optical elements should be left as they were
before use. Also the electrical parts on the rear and base of the device must not be
tampered with, as in this area there is an additional risk of triggering an electric
shock.
1.2 Notes on the electrical system
Before connecting to a mains power supply, you must make sure that you are using
the correct input voltage. The information to select the correct mains cable is located
on the device, on the rear of the product directly above the connection socket. You
must comply with this information. If you do not comply with these specifications, then
fires or other damage to the device could occur.
The main switch must also be switched off before the mains cable is connected. In
this way you will avoid triggering an electric shock.
If you are using an extension cable, then the mains cable you use must be earthed.
If the original fuse should blow, it must only be replaced by an appropriate fuse.
Suitable replacement fuses are included with the delivery.
When carrying out any procedures whereby you come into contact with the electrical
system of the device, such as, for example, changing the bulb or fuse, only carry out
these procedures when the power is disconnected.
3 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
Under no circumstances should you touch the integrated halogen bulbs either during
operation or directly after use. These bulbs produce significant heat and therefore
there is a risk that the user could be severely burnt. So before handling the bulbs,
you must check that they have cooled down.
The microscope housing, on the other hand, is constructed so that no significant heat
radiation emanates from the device and that there is absolutely no risk of the user
burning themselves from the housing outer surfaces.
1.3 Storage
You should ensure that the device is not exposed to direct sunlight, temperatures
which are too high or too low, vibrations, dust or a high level of humidity.
The ideal temperature range is between 0 and 40°C and a relative humidity of 85%
should not be exceeded.
The device should always be located on a rigid, smooth, horizontal surface.
When the microscope is not being used, you should cover it with the enclosed dust
protective cover. When doing this, the power supply is stopped by switching off at the
main switch and unplugging the mains cable. If the eyepieces are being stored
separately, the protective caps must be fitted to the tube connectors. In most cases,
if dust and dirt gets inside the optical unit of a microscope this can cause irreversible
errors or damage.
The best way to store accessories which consist of optical elements, such as, for
example, eyepieces and objectives, is in a dry box with desiccant.
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 4
1.4 Maintenance and cleaning
In any event, the device must be kept clean and dusted regularly.
If any moisture should be occur, before you wipe down the device you must ensure
that the mains power is switched off.
When glass components become dirty, the best way to clean them is to wipe them
gently with a lint-free cloth.
To wipe oil stains or finger prints off the lens surface, moisten the lint free cloth with a
mixture of ether and alcohol (70 / 30 ratio) and use this to clean the lens.
You must be careful when handling ether and alcohol, as these are highly flammable
substances. You must therefore keep it away from naked flames and electrical
devices which can be switched on and off, and only use it in well-ventilated rooms.
However organic solutions of this type should not be used to clean other components
of the device. This could lead to damage to the paint finish. To do this, it is sufficient
to use a neutral cleaning product.
You could also use the following cleaning products to clean the optical components:
Special cleaner for optical lenses
Special optical cleaning cloths
Bellows
Brush
When handled correctly and checked regularly, the microscope should give many
years of efficient service.
Should repairs still be necessary, please contact your KERN dealer or our Technical
Department.
5 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
2 Nomenclature
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 6
Rear view
7 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
Reflected light unit
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 8
3 Technical data / Features
Eyepieces:
WF 10x / Ø 18 mm
Objectives OKN-1:
5x / 10x / 20x LWD / 40x LWD
Objectives OKO-1:
5x / 10x / 100x / 20x LWD / 40x LWD
Product dimension:
OKN 175, OKO 176
490x200x460 mm
Product dimension:
OKN 177, OKO 178
550x200x460 mm
Packing dimensions:
OKN 175, OKO 176
750x360x450 mm
Packing dimensions:
OKN 177, OKO 178
990x360x450 mm
Net weight:
OKN 175, OKO 176
13 kg
Net weight:
OKN 177, OKO 178
14,5 kg
Gross weight:
OKN 175, OKO 176
17 kg
Gross weight:
OKN 177, OKO 178
21 kg
Input voltage:
AC 100-240V, 50-60Hz
Output voltage:
DC 1,2-6V
Fuse:
2A 5x20mm
9 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 10
4 Assembly
11 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
4.1 Reflected light unit
At first you have to unite the lamp housing and the reflected light unit on their
connection points. After that the connection has to be fixated by an Allen screw,
which is attached to the right-hand side of the connection point of the lamp housing.
Now the slides for analyser, polariser and colour filter can be attached to the
appropriate slots (see page 8).
Afterwards in order to install the reflected light unit to the microscope, you must
loosen the fixing screw on the tube connection point and remove the black protective
cover.
You can then insert the round dovetail bracket on the light unit into the round dovetail
bracket on the housing and fix it with the fixing screw. When doing this, you should
always make sure that you do not touch the lenses with your bare fingers and that no
dust enters the apertures.
Finally you must establish the electrical connection between power supply unit and
reflected light unit. The plug of the connection cable, attached to the rear of the light
unit has to be installed to the socket on the rear of the power supply unit. Please do
also use the screw lock on the plug.
4.2 Microscope head
First you must loosen the fixing screw on the tube connection point of the reflected
light unit and remove the black protective cover.
You can then insert the round dovetail bracket on the head into the round dovetail
bracket on the reflected light unit and fix it with the fixing screw. When doing this, you
should always make sure that you do not touch the lenses with your bare fingers and
that no dust enters the apertures.
4.3 Objectives
The specimen stage must be in its lowest position so that the objectives can be
screwed into the nosepiece. You can then screw the objectives into the nosepiece so
that when you turn the nosepiece in a clockwise direction, the objective with the next
strongest magnification appears. You must make sure that you do not touch the
lenses with your bare fingers and that no dust enters the apertures. For objectives
which are marked “OIL”, you must use an immersion oil with the lowest level of
inherent fluorescence.
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 12
4.4 Eyepieces
You must always use eyepieces with the same magnification for both eyes. These
are simply placed onto the tube connectors, once you have first removed the plastic
protective caps. There is no way of fixing them. You should always make sure that
you do not touch the lenses with your bare fingers and that no dust enters the
apertures.
4.5 Colour filter
OKO-1
A blue colour filter is already an integral part of the condenser. It is screwed onto the
underside using a ring bracket. It can be removed at any time. In order to use
suitable filters without this holder ring, these can simply be placed in the ring bracket
of the field lens.
4.6 Condenser
OKO-1
We recommend that you use the course adjustment knob to bring the specimen
stage to its uppermost position. Use the focus dial of the condenser to move the
condenser holder to the central position. In this way the condenser can be fitted at
the right place in the condenser holder and fixed with the adjusting screw. When
doing this, you should be able to read the scale from the front. You should avoid
touching the optical lenses with bare fingers.
For points 7 (Polarisation unit) and 8 (Camera connection), please see Chapter
8 Use of optional accessories.
13 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
5 Operation
5.1 Getting started
The very first step is to establish a power connection using the mains plug. You
should first adjust the dimmer to a low level, so that when you look through the
eyepiece for the first time, your eyes are not immediately subject to a high level of
light. You can now switch on the lighting using the main switch.
The next step is to place an object holder with the sample on the angle table. To do
this, the cover glass (if used) must be facing upwards. For the models of the series
OKO-1 you can fix the object holder to the table using the slide holder (see
illustration on the left). You can position a total of two object holders at the same
time.
To move the sample into the beam path, you must use the adjustment wheels on the
right of the angle table (see illustration on the right).
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 14
5.2 (Pre-) focussing
When you are observing an object, you must have the correct distance to the
objective to achieve a sharp image.
In order to find this distance at the beginning (without other default settings of the
microscope) place the objective with the lowest magnification in the beam path, look
through the right eyepiece with the right eye and turn it slowly using the coarse
adjustment knob (see illustration).
The simplest way of doing this would be to first raise the specimen stage (using the
coarse adjustment knob) until it is just under the objective and then lower it slowly. As
soon as an image is recognisable (no matter how sharp), then you should only adjust
the focus using the fine adjustment knob.
Adjusting the torque of the coarse and fine adjustment knob
Next to the left adjustment wheel for the coarse and fine adjustment knob there is a
ring which you can use to alter the torque of these wheels. Turning it in a clockwise
direction reduces the torque and turning it in an anti-clockwise direction increases it.
On one hand, this function can help to make it easier to adjust the focus and on the
other hand it can prevent the specimen stage from slipping down unintentionally.
Important:
In order to avoid damaging to the focussing system, the left and right adjustment
wheels for the coarse and fine adjustment knob must never be rotated at the same
time in opposite directions.
15 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
5.3 Adjusting the interpupillary distance
With binocular viewing, the interpupillary distance
must be adjusted accurately for each user, in
order to achieve a clear image of the object.
While you are looking through the eyepieces, use
your hands to hold the righthand and lefthand tube
housing firmly. By pulling them apart or pushing
them together, you can either increase or reduce
the interpupillary distance (see illustration). As
soon as the field of views of the lefthand and
righthand eyepieces completely overlap each
other, i.e. they combine to form a circular image, then the interpupillary distance is
set correctly.
5.4 Dioptre adjustment
The eye strengths of each eye of the microscope user can often be slightly different,
which in daily life has no consequences. But when using a microscope this can
cause problems in achieving precise focussing.
You can use a mechanism on both tube connectors (dioptre adjustment rings) to
compensate for this as follows.
1. Put the right dioptre adjustment ring to position 0.
2. Look through the right eyepiece with the right eye and bring the object into focus
by using the coarse and fine adjustment knob.
3. Then look through the left eyepiece with the left eye and use the lefthand dioptre
adjustment ring to focus the image.
To do this, you just need to turn the ring in both directions (see illustration), to find
out where the image is at its most focussed.
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 16
5.5 Adjusting the magnification
After prefocussing has been carried out using the objective with the lowest
magnification (see section 5.2), you can then adjust the overall magnification using
the nosepiece, as necessary. By turning the nosepiece you can bring any one of the
four other objectives into the beam path.
When adjusting the nosepiece, you must take the following points into account:
- The required objective must be properly locked in
place at all times.
- The nosepiece should not be rotated by holding
individual objectives, you should use the silver
ring above the objectives (see illustration).
- When rotating the nosepiece you must always make sure that the objective which
is about to be positioned in the beam path does not touch the object holder. This
can lead to significant damage to the objective lens.
We recommend that you always check from the side to make sure that there is
sufficient leeway. If this should not be the case, the specimen stage must be
lowered accordingly.
If you have focussed the object to be observed for a specific magnification, then if
you select the objective with the next greatest magnification, then the object will be
slightly out of focus. Use the fine adjustment knob to make a slight adjustment and
restore the focus.
17 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
5.6 Using eye cups
The eye cups supplied with the microscope can basically be used at all times, as
they screen out intrusive light, which is reflected from light sources from the
environment onto the eyepiece, and the result is better image quality.
But primarily, if eyepieces with a high eye point (particularly suitable for those who
wear glasses) are used, then it may also be useful for users who don’t wear glasses,
to fit the eye cups to the eyepieces.
These special eyepieces are also called High Eye Point eyepieces. They can be
identified by the glasses symbol on the side. They are also marked in the item
description by an additional “H” (example: HSWF 10x Ø 23 mm).
When fitting the eye cups, make sure that the dioptre setting is not moved. We would
therefore advise that you hold the dioptre compensation ring on an eyepiece with one
hand while you fit the eye cup with the other.
Before using the microscope, users who wear glasses must remove the eye cups,
which you may find on High Eye Point eyepieces.
As the eye cups are made of rubber, you must be aware that when you are using
them, they can become slightly dirty through grease residues. In order to maintain
hygiene, we would therefore recommend that you clean the eye cups regularly (e.g.
with a damp cloth).
Eye cups
High Eye Point eyepiece
(identified by the glasses symbol)
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 18
5.7 Using oil immersion objectives
The 100x objectives of the OKO-1 and OKN-1 series are objectives which can be
used with oil immersion (they are always marked with the word “OIL”). Using these
generates a particularly high resolution for microscopic images.
To use oil immersion correctly, please follow these steps.
1. Put a drop of oil on the cover glass (with standard thickness of 0.17 mm) of the
object slide.
2. Lower the specimen stage and position the 100x objective in the beam path.
3. Bring the specimen stage or object slide to the objective very slowly until there is
slight contact.
4. Observe the object.
The object slide and objective must not be pressed against each other. The oil
constitutes the contact layer.
If the contact is made too jerky, there is a chance that existing air bubbles in the oil
cannot escape. This would have a negative impact on image clarity.
After use or before changing the slide, any components which have been in contact
with the oil must be cleaned thoroughly. See also 1.4 Maintenance and cleaning.
19 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
5.8 Adjusting the Koehler illumination for transmitted light
OKO-1
To make sure that perfect image results are achieved during microscopic
observation, it is important that the direction of light of the microscope is optimised. If,
as with the devices in the KERN OKO-1 series, the lighting can be set in accordance
with Koehler, the result is homogenous illumination of the slide and avoidance of
disruptive stray light.
The necessary control elements for this are:
Height-adjustable and centre-adjustable condenser with aperture diaphragm
Field diaphragm
When adjusting the Koehler lighting for the first time, you must first select the lowest
possible objective magnification, so that you can carry out the following steps.
1. Use the condenser focus wheel to position the condenser
directly below the specimen stage. Switch on the lighting
and use the coarse and fine adjustment knob to bring the
slide with the cover glass positioned facing upwards into
focus.
2. Close the field diaphragm completely using its adjusting
ring. When you look in the microscope a blurred image
appears in the aperture. If the microscopic image is
completely dark, the image for the field diaphragm is
outside the field of view and must be brought into the field
of view using the centring screws on the condenser.
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 20
3. Adjust the height of the condenser until the image from the
field diaphragm appears clearly in the field of view. For
some microscopes there is a risk that you will lift the
condenser up so high that it collides with the object holder.
Therefore care is needed when doing this.
4. Use the centring screws of the condenser holder to bring the
image from the field diaphragm into the centre of the field of
view.
5. Open the field diaphragm until it just disappears out of the
field of view.
If necessary, simply re-centre using the centring screws on
the condenser holder.
21 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
6. Use the aperture diaphragm of the condenser to find the
very best compromise between contrast and resolution for
the microscopic image. The scale divisions on the
condenser can be used as a guideline. Select in
accordance with the objective being used.
The view in the tube without the eyepiece should look
something like the illustration on the right.
The diameter of the aperture diaphragm which is then
visible should make up approximately 2/3 of the pupil
diameter.
If the eyepiece should be removed, for checking, then please make sure that no
dirt or dust falls into the tube.
7. It is possible to alter the brightness of the bulb using the dimmer. The brightness
is always controlled by the bulb brightness and not by the aperture diaphragm.
8. Possibly there is the need of re-adjusting the focus and x-y axis.
9. Observe the object.
If another magnification is selected afterwards, then the Koehler illumination does not
have to be reset from scratch, only the aperture diaphragm and field diaphragm need
to be adjusted as required.
As a result you can always check whether the condenser needs to be re-centred.
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 22
5.9 Adjusting the illumination for incident light
OKN-1, OKO-1
Just like the components of the transmitted illumination those ones of the incident
illumination can be adjusted according to the application requirements as well.
The following components are provided on this occasion:
Field diaphragm and aperture diaphragm
Both of the diaphragms have the same functions like described for the adjustment of
the transmitted light (see section 5.8). To open and close these diaphragms you have
to operate the levers located at the top of the reflected light unit.
Colour filter
The colour filter slide has two round apertures. One of them is with an integrated blue
filter, the other one is empty. This slide is marked with the number “2” and therefore it
has to be attached to the slot marked with the number “2“ as well. If necessary, one
of the two apertures has to be snapped into the beam path.
Polarising unit (Analyser / Polariser)
In order to bring the analyser into the beam path you must attach the analyser slide
to the slot located on the side underneath the microscope head, so that the
integrated wheel facing out. With the wheel you can control the required alignment of
the analyser. If the analyser is not needed, it has, contrary to the other slides, to be
removed completely from the device.
The polariser slide has two round apertures. One of them is with an integrated
polariser, the other one is empty. This slide is marked with the number “1” and
therefore it has to be attached to the slot marked with the number “1“ as well. If
necessary, one of the two apertures has to be snapped into the beam path.
Diffuser
Directly behind the aperture diaphragm there is a slot for the diffuser. It is integrated
in a round aperture of a little black slide. That slide can be attached in order to
equally disperse the light of the halogen lamp.
23 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
Centring of the lamp
When using the reflected light unit for a long time, the lamp holder possibly moves
out of its centre due to the heat development. In this case the illumination is no
longer efficiently adjusted. This circumstance can be identified by the user when the
background brightness of the field of view has an uneven distribution.
This malposition can be corrected by performing the following method.
1. Make sure, that the lamp housing has cooled down.
2. Switch on the reflected light unit.
3. Choose the objective with the lowest magnification for the beam path.
4. Remove all the (filter) slides from the beam path.
5. If there is one, remove the object (slide) from the stage.
6. Remove one of the eyepieces from the tube.
7. While watching through the tube connector, close the aperture diaphragm of
the reflected light unit, so that its border can be seen clearly.
8. The decentred image of the lamp filament can now be seen as well.
9. Loosen the rotary knob on the rear of the lamp housing, so that you can move
it together with the attached lamp holder.
10. Look through the tube connector and move the rotary knob in order to bring
the image of the lamp filament back to the centre of the opening of the
aperture diaphragm.
11. Fixate the rotary knob again.
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 24
6 Changing the bulb
6.1 Transmitted light
OKO-1
You must not attempt to change the bulb immediately after the microscope has been
used, as the bulb will still be hot and so there is a risk that the user could be burnt.
Before changing the bulb the device must be switched off and unplugged.
To change the bulb, tip the device carefully to the back or side. When doing this,
please make sure that all microscope components are firmly fixed. The bulb holder is
on the underside of the device. It can be opened by undoing the screws on the holder
(see illustration). We recommend that here you should also test again, to check that
heat is no longer being produced. The defective bulb can be pulled out of the socket
and be replaced with a new one. After the bulb holder has been replaced in the
underside of the device and the screws replaced, the bulb replacement procedure is
complete.
Important:
When fitting the new bulb into the socket, it must only be handled with sterile gloves
or using the bulb packaging film. Grease and dust residue can have a negative effect
on the light quality and service life.
25 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
6.2 Reflected light
OKO-1, OKN-1
You must not attempt to change the bulb immediately after the microscope has been
used, as the bulb will still be hot and so there is a risk that the user could be burnt.
Before changing the bulb the device must be switched off and unplugged.
All 8 screws on the rear edges of the lamp housing have to be removed.
Thus the holder of the halogen lamp can be separated from the rest of the housing.
The defective bulb can be pulled out of the socket and be replaced with a new one.
Finally the lamp housing is screwed together again.
7 Changing the fuse
7.1 Transmitted light
OKO-1
The fuse housing is on the rear of the microscope below the mains power supply
socket. With the device switched off and unplugged, you can pull out the housing.
When doing this, it is helpful to use a screwdriver or similar tool. The defective fuse
can be removed from its housing and be replaced with a new one.
After that, you just need to insert the fuse housing back into the insertion point below
the mains power supply socket.
7.2 Reflected light
OKO-1, OKN-1
The fuse housing is on the rear of the power supply unit of the reflected light unit.
With the device switched off and unplugged, you can pull out the housing. The
defective fuse can be removed from its housing and be replaced with a new one.
After that, you just need to insert the fuse housing back into the insertion point below
the mains power supply socket.
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 26
8 Using optional accessories
8.1 Polarisation unit (Transmitted light)
OKO-1
The polarisation unit consists of a polariser and an analyser.
Both consist of a round glass plate with an external holder ring. To mount the
analyser there is a slider with a socket fitted on the front of the microscope directly
below the nosepiece (see illustration on page 10), where you can simply insert the
analyser (see left illustration).
The polariser on the other hand is only placed on the ring holder of the field lens (see
right illustration).
There are two points to take into account when subsequently using the polarisation
unit:
The aperture setting of the condenser must be in position PH.
For its starting position, the polariser must be turned to the position in which
you can see the highest level of darkness in the field of view (without object
slide).
27 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
8.2 Camera connection (only for trinocular version)
Due to the trinocular tube, which can be optionally fitted for the OKN-1 and OKO-1
series, it is possible to connect microscope cameras to the device, in order to digitally
record images or sequences of images of an object being observed.
After the plastic cover has been removed from the camera adapter connector on the
top of the microscope head, then a suitable adapter must be fitted.
In general there are two C-mount adapters available for this (1x and 0.57x
magnification, see Chapter 3 Features). After fitting one of these adapters it can be
fixed with the fixing screw. A camera which has a C-mount thread is then screwed on
top of the adapter.
We recommend that you first adjust the field of view using the eyepieces on the
device for the existing requirements, and then carry out the observation using the
microscope camera (i.e. using the PC screen which is connected).
To do this, the trinocular toggle rod on the righthand side of the microscope head
must be pulled out. The light from the microscope lighting is deflected so that it is
completely in the beam path for the camera, which causes a dark field of view in the
eyepieces. This means that it is not possible to simultaneously observe by the
eyepieces and PC screen.
For C-mount adapters, which have their own integrated magnification, the image
which is shown on the camera connected to the device can often have a different
level of focus compared with the image on the eyepiece.
In order to be able to bring both images into focus, the focus can be adjusted by
those adapters.
8.3 Dark field units (Transmitted light)
OKO-1
There are two different ways to carry out dark field
applications.
1. A dark field attachment with an integrated black disk can
be screwed into the standard condenser of the
microscope from below (see right illustration).
To do this, the condenser must first be removed from the
holder. As well as the blue filter on its underside.
2. A special dark field condenser can be used in place of the
standard condenser. This as a cardioid construction and
also meets the requirements of professional application
fields, in contrast to the dark field attachment.
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 28
8.4 Phase-contrast units (Transmitted light)
OKO-1
Fundamentally there are two different ways for you to conduct the phase-contrast
procedure. A simple method and a more comprehensive method.
1. Simple phase-contrast unit
This consists of a simple PH condenser, a PH objective with a specific
magnification (10x, 20x, 40x or 100x), a PH slider, which is adapted to the lens
being used, a centring telescope and two green filters.
To use this, you need to replace the standard condenser of the microscope with
the PH condenser. One of the objectives in the nosepiece is also replaced with
the PH objective and this is positioned in the beam path.
29 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
With the surface marked “TOP” facing up, the PH slider is pushed upwards into
the insertion point on the PH condenser until it clicks into the first position. At this
first position, the phase ring of the PH slider is in the beam path. If the aperture
setting on the PH condenser is set to “PH”, then the phase-contrast application
can begin. In order to return to the bright field application, you must push the PH
slider further to the second click position. At this point there is no PH ring as in
position 1; the beam can pass without being affected by the PH slider.
The PH objective has a PH ring in its lens system, just like the PH slider. Due to
their size on one hand and their positioning on the other, these two rings must be
aligned to one another in the beam path. The position of the ring in the objective
cannot be altered, that of the ring in the slider however can be. Although it has
been pre-centred, it may still be necessary that after a certain period of use it will
need to be re-centred using the three Allen bolts on the side of the slider and the
centring telescope. For further information on adjusting the PH rings, please see
section 8.4, Point 2 - End.
Depending on the preferences of the user, using a green filter can produce a
more effective and pleasant image. To achieve this, the green filter must be
screwed onto the underside of the PH condenser.
2. Comprehensive phase-contrast unit
This consists of a PH universal rotary condenser, four PH objectives (10x, 20x,
40x and 100x), a centring telescope, two centring turnscrews and a green filter.
To use this, you need to replace the standard condenser of the microscope with
the PH universal rotary condenser. The required objectives are also screwed into
the nosepiece and one of these is positioned in the beam path. The two centring
turnscrews can be fitted to the relevant points on the sides of the condenser using
the screw connection on their spring retainer.
The condenser has a hub with six positioning options. Four of these are fitted with
a phase ring, which matches only one specific objective magnification. When
doing this you must note the marking on the rotary knob at the relevant position.
The other two positions are intended for bright field applications.
A PH objective has a PH ring in its lens system, just like the individual positions of
the PH universal rotary condenser. Due to their size on one hand and their
positioning on the other, the two related rings must be aligned to one another in
the beam path. The position of the ring in the objectives cannot be altered, that of
the rings in the condenser disc however can be.
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 30
The adjustment for this is carried out as follows.
a. First adjust the microscope using bright field mode.
b. Move the hub to the required PH position (e.g. “10x”).
c. Open the aperture diaphragm on the condenser to its maximum (slider to the
left).
d. Bring the relevant PH objective (e.g. 10x) into the beam path.
e. Place the centring telescope onto one of the two tube connectors, in place of a
standard eyepiece.
f. Undo the fixing screw of the centring telescope and pull out (move) the front
part of the telescope, so that you can focus both phase rings in the field of
view. You can also use the focus wheel of the condenser holder when doing
this. Then retighten the screws.
In the field of view you will now see the image of a white (condenser) and a black
(objective) ring. The black one is central and the white one possible is pushed to
one side (see left illustration).
g. Now press the turnscrews fitted on the side of the condenser towards the
centre until they grip the screws. Then by turning the screws and at the same
time watching the rings through the centring telescope, move the white ring to
the centre (see central illustration).
h. As soon as both the rings overlap each other (see right illustration) the
adjustment is successfully completed and can also be carried out for the pairs
of rings of the other magnifications.
i. After the adjustment, the centring telescope must be replaced by the standard
eyepiece, so that you are able to observe the object on the angle table in
phase contrast mode.
Depending on the preferences of the user, using a green filter can produce a
more effective and pleasant image. To achieve this, the green filter must be
screwed onto the underside of the PH condenser.
31 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
9 Trouble shooting
Problem
Possible causes
The bulb does not light
The mains plug is not correctly plugged in
There is no power at the socket
Defective bulb
Defective fuse
The bulb blows immediately
The specified bulb or fuse has not been used
The field of view is dark
The aperture diaphragm and/or field
diaphragm are not opened wide enough
The selector switch for the beam path is set
to “Camera”
The condenser is not correctly centred
You cannot adjust the brightness
The brightness control has been set
incorrectly
The condenser has not been correctly
centred
The condenser is too low
The field of view is dark or is not
correctly
illuminated
The objective is not positioned correctly on
the beam path
The selector switch for the beam path is
between two settings
The nosepiece is not correctly fitted
The condenser is not correctly fitted
An objective is being used which doesn’t
match the lighting area of the condenser
The condenser has not been correctly
centred
The field diaphragm is closed too tightly
The bulb is not correctly fitted
The field of view of one eye does not
match that of the other eye
The interpupillary distance is not correctly
adjusted
Dioptre setting has not been carried out
correctly
Different eyepieces are used for the
righthand and lefthand side
The eyes are not used to using a microscope
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 32
Problem
Possible causes
Blurred details
Bad image
Bad contrast
Vignetted field of view
The aperture diaphragm is not opened wide
enough
The condenser is too low
The objective does not belong to this
microscope
The front lens of the objective is dirty
An immersion object has been used without
immersion oil
The immersion oil contains air bubbles
The condenser is not correctly centred
The recommended immersion oil has not
been used
Dirt / dust on the objective
Dirt /dust on the front lens of the condenser
Dirt or dust in the field of view
Dirt / dust on the eyepieces
Dirt / dust on the front lens of the condenser
Dirt / dust on the object
One side of the image is blurred
The stage was not correctly fitted
The objective is not positioned correctly on
the beam path
The nosepiece is not correctly fitted
The upper side of the object is facing down
The image flickers
The nosepiece is not correctly fitted
The objective is not positioned correctly on
the beam path
The condenser has not been correctly
centred
The coarse adjustment knob is difficult to
turn
The rotational resistance brake is too
tight
The angle table is blocked by a
solid body
The stage moves down on its own
The fine adjustment knob moves on its
own
The rotational resistance brake is not tight
enough
When you move the table, the image
becomes blurred
The stage was not correctly fitted
33 OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510
10 Service
All language versions contain a non-binding translation.
The original German document is the binding version.
Internationale Temperatur Korrektur Tabelle für °Brix (% Zuckergradient)
Das Ergebnis um die folgenden Werte korrigieren (Refraktometer muss korrekt kalibriert sein bei 20°C)
Reading °Brix
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 85.0
10.0 -0.53 -0.56 -0.59 -0.62 -0.65 -0.67 -0.69 -0.71 -0.72 -0.73 -0.74 -0.75 -0.75 -0.75 -0.75 -0.75 -0.74 -0.73
11.0 -0.49 -0.52 -0.54 -0.57 -0.59 -0.61 -0.63 -0.64 -0.65 -0.66 -0.67 -0.68 -0.68 -0.68 -0.68 -0.67 -0.67 -0.66
12.0 -0.44 -0.47 -0.49 -0.51 -0.53 -0.55 -0.56 -0.57 -0.58 -0.59 -0.60 -0.60 -0.61 -0.61 -0.60 -0.60 -0.60 -0.59
13.0 -0.40 -0.41 -0.43 -0.45 -0.47 -0.48 -0.50 -0.51 -0.52 -0.52 -0.53 -0.53 -0.53 -0.53 -0.53 -0.53 -0.52 -0.52
14.0 -0.34 -0.36 -0.38 -0.39 -0.40 -0.42 -0.43 -0.44 -0.44 -0.45 -0.45 -0.46 -0.46 -0.46 -0.46 -0.45 -0.45 -0.44
15.0 -0.29 -0.31 -0.32 -0.33 -0.34 -0.35 -0.36 -0.37 -0.37 -0.38 -0.38 -0.38 -0.38 -0.38 -0.38 -0.38 -0.37 -0.37
16.0 -0.24 -0.25 -0.26 -0.27 -0.28 -0.28 -0.29 -0.30 -0.30 -0.30 -0.31 -0.31 -0.31 -0.31 -0.31 -0.30 -0.30 -0.30
17.0 -0.18 -0.19 -0.20 -0.20 -0.21 -0.21 -0.22 -0.22 -0.23 -0.23 -0.23 -0.23 -0.23 -0.23 -0.23 -0.23 -0.23 -0.22
18.0 -0.12 -0.13 -0.13 -0.14 -0.14 -0.14 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15
19.0 -0.06 -0.06 -0.07 -0.07 -0.07 -0.07 -0.07 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.07
20.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
21.0 0.06 0.07 0.07 0. 07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07
22.0 0.13 0.14 0.14 0. 14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
23.0 0.20 0.21 0.21 0. 22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.22
24.0 0.27 0.28 0.29 0. 29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.30 0.30
25.0 0.34 0.35 0.36 0. 37 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.37
26.0 0.42 0.43 0.44 0. 45 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.46 0.46 0.46
27.0 0.50 0.51 0.52 0. 53 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52
28.0 0.58 0.59 0.60 0. 61 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.65 0.65 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.61 0.60
29.0 0.66 0.67 0.68 0. 69 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.72 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.68
30.0 0.74 0.75 0.77 0. 78 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.80 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.75
Temperatur °C
If, after studying the user manual, you still have questions about commissioning or
using the microscope, or if unforeseen problems should arise, please get in touch
with your dealer. The device may only be opened by trained service engineers who
have been authorised by KERN.
11 Disposal
The packaging is made of environmentally-friendly materials, which you can dispose
of at your local recycling centre. Disposal of the storage box and device must be
carried out by the operator in accordance with all national or regional laws in force in
the location of use.
12 Further information
The illustrations may differ slightly from the product.
The descriptions and illustrations in this user manual are subject to change without
notice. Further developments on the device may lead to these changes.
OKN-1_OKO-1-BA-e-1510 34
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