Kenwood TM-451A User Manual

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TM-251A/251E

TM-451A/451E

144, 430/440 MHz FM TRANSCEIVER

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

KENWOOD CORPORATION

©PRINTED IN JAPAN B62-0455-08(K, P, E, M) 94/12 11 10 987654321 93/12

Notice to the user:

Models Covered by this Manual

One or more of the following statements may be

applicable to this equipment.

FCC WARNING

This equipment generates or uses radio frequency energy. Changes or modifications to this equipment may cause harmful interference unless the modifications are expressly approved in the instruction manual. The user could lose the authority to operate this equipment if an unauthorized change or modification is made.

INFORMATION TO THE DIGITAL DEVICE USER REQUIRED BY THE FCC

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.

This equipment generates, uses and can generate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that the interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from

that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer for technical assistance.

TM-251A: 144 MHz FM transceiver

{U.S.A./ Canada/ General)

TM-251E: 144 MHz FM transceiver

(Europe)

TM-451A: 440 MHz FM transceiver

(U.S.A./ Canada) 430 MHz FM transceiver (General)

TM-451E: 430 MHz FM transceiver

(Europe)

Note:

► The TM-251 series is used for all illustrations and all LCD

example displays.

► Functions requiring the microphone keypad, such as Remote

Control, cannot be used without a keypad-equipped microphone.

This type of microphone is optional for some transceiver

versions.

THANK YOU

PRECAUTIONS

We are grateful you decided to purchase this KENWOOD FM transceiver. The TM-251/TM-451 series of mobile transceivers were developed to satisfy the requirement for a compact rig that’s simple to operate yet has superior performance. Users of this series will discover the transceiver’s Menu Set-up method for feature configuration recently incorporated in other KENWOOD products.

KENWOOD believes that the compact size coupled with the reasonable cost will guarantee your satisfaction with this product.

Please observe the following precautions to prevent fire, personal injury, and transceiver damage:

• Do not transmit with high output power for extended periods. The transceiver may overheat.

• Do not modify this transceiver unless instructed by this manual or by some other approved KENWOOD communication.

• Do not expose the transceiver to long periods of direct sunlight or place the transceiver close to heating appliances.

• Do not place the transceiver in excessively dusty or humid areas, or on unstable surfaces.

• If an abnormal odor or smoke is detected coming from the transceiver, turn OFF the power immediately. Contact a KENWOOD service station or your dealer.

• The transceiver is designed for a 13.8 V power source. Never use a 24 V battery to power the transceiver.

CONTENTS

FEATURES ................................................................ 1

ACCESSORIES

CONVENTIONS FOLLOWED IN THIS MANUAL .. 2

PREPARATION FOR MOBILE OPERATION ............ 3

MOBILE INSTALLATION

Installation Example

DC POWER CABLE CONNECTION ..................... 4

Replacing Fuses .................................................. 6

ANTENNA CONNECTION

PREPARATION FOR FIXED STATION

OPERATION ............................................................. 7

DC POWER SUPPLY CONNECTION ................. 7

Replacing Fuses

ANTENNA CONNECTION ................................... 8

ACCESSORY CONNECTIONS

EXTERNAL SPEAKER MICROPHONE PACKET EQUIPMENT

Data Connector Pinout

YOUR FIRST QSO ................................................... 11

GETTING ACQUAINTED

FRONT PANEL .................................................... 12

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9 9

9 9 10

3 3

REAR PANEL MICROPHONE

DISPLAY ............................................................ 17

MENU SET-UP ....................................................... 22

MENU DESCRIPTION ....................................... 22

MENU A ACCESS

MENU A CONFIGURATION .............................. 23

MENU B ACCESS MENU B CONFIGURATION

CONFIRMATION BEFORE OPERATION

REAR PANEL FRONT PANEL

RECEIVING ............................................................ 28

SWITCHING POWER ON/OFF

VOLUME ADJUST

SQUELCH ADJUST............................................ 28

Noise Squelch .................................................. 28

S-Meter Squelch

SQUELCH HANG TIME ..................................... 29

BAND SELECT

Selecting AM/FM Mode (TM-251A/E only) ... 31

VFO MODE

SELECTING FREQUENCIES ............................ 32

Tuning Control

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15 16

22 24

24 26 26

28 28

29 30

32 32

Programmable VFO ......................................... 33

Microphone [UP]/[DWN] Buttons

FREQUENCY STEP SIZE

Changes in Displayed Frequencies

TRANSMITTING ..................................................... 37

MICROPHONE PTT ........................................... 37

SELECTING OUTPUT POWER TIME-OUT TIMER (TOT) INHIBITING TRANSMIT

MEMORY CHANNELS ........................................... 39

STORING DATA IN MEMORY

Simplex Memory Channels .............................. 39

Split Memory Channels .................................... 40

RECALLING MEMORY CHANNELS

Selecting Channels Sequentially ..................... 41

Temporary Frequency Changes ...................... 41

MEMORY —> VFO TRANSFERS ..................... 42

ERASING MEMORY CHANNELS

CALL CHANNEL................................................. 43

Recalling Call Channel

Changing Call Channel Contents (Simplex) .. 44

Changing Call Channel Contents (Split) CHANNEL DISPLAY FUNCTION INITIALIZING MEMORY

Partial Reset

Full Reset ......................................................... 46

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34 35 36

37 38 38

43 43 45

45 46 46

OPERATING THROUGH REPEATERS

TRANSMIT OFFSETS SELECTING OFFSET DIRECTION AUTOMATIC TRANSMIT OFFSET

U.S.A. and Canada Versions ........................... 49

European Versions

SELECTING OFFSET VALUES MANUALLY .. 50

REVERSE FUNCTION....................................... 51

TONE ACCESS ................................................. 51

Selecting a Tone Frequency ............................ 52

European Versions

AUTOPATCH

(U.S.A. and Canada Versions)

Activating the Microphone Keypad

DUAL TONE MULTI-FREQUENCY

(DTMF) MEMORY .............................................. 54

Making DTMF Calls

Storing DTMF Numbers ................................... 54

Confirming Stored DTMF Numbers

Transmitting Stored DTMF Numbers ............... 55

SCAN ...................................................................... 56

SCAN RESUME METHODS .............................. 57

Time-Operated Scan ........................................ 57

Carrier-Operated Scan

SELECTING SCAN RESUME METHOD

MEMORY SCAN ................................................ 58

Locking-Out Memory Channels

BAND SCAN

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48 48

49 49

53 53

54 55

57 57

58 59

PROGRAMMABLE BAND SCAN

Setting Scan Limits

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Using Programmable Band Scan CALLA/FO SCAN CALLVMEMORY SCAN

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59 59

60 61 61

AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS ....................................... 62

LOCK

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Transceiver Lock .............................................. 62

Microphone Lock

AUTOMATIC POWER OFF (APO)

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BEEP TONE........................................................ 64

DISPLAY DIMMER DISPLAY MODE DISPLAY DEMONSTRATION MODE

REMOTE CONTROL

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67 REMOTE FUNCTIONS USING

MC-45DM/DME .................................................. 68

Configuring the PF Keys .................................. 70

Monitor Function REMOTE FUNCTIONS USING TH-7 KEYPAD DIRECT ENTRY

Frequency Entry

Memory Channel Entry

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70 71 71 71

CONTINUOUS TONE CODED SQUELCH SYSTEM (CTCSS)

SELECTING CTCSS FREQUENCIES

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74 74

USING CTCSS ................................................... 74

DUAL TONE SQUELCH SYSTEM (DTSS)

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ACTIVATING DTSS ........................................... 75

STORING DTSS CODES

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DTSS AND REPEATERS .................................. 76

MESSAGE PLAYBACK CONTROL

VIA DTSS ........................................................... 77

Setting Message Playback DTSS Code

PAGE

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OVERVIEW ........................................................ 79

PAGE CODE MEMORY

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STORING PAGE CODES .................................. 79

CALLING RECEIVING

Receiving a Call with your Station Code

Receiving a Call with a Group Code PAGE ANSWER-BACK PAGE CODE AND REPEATERS LOCKING-OUT CODES

AUTO PAGE CANCEL

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82 83 83

84 84

OPEN PAGE ...................................................... 85

TONE ALERT.......................................................... 86

ACTIVATING TONE ALERT .............................. 86

CHANGING THE ALARM TONE

MESSAGE RECORDING

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ACTIVATING THE RECORD FUNCTION

SELECTING THE RECORDING TIME SELECTING THE RECORDING MODE

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87 88 88

88 89

PLAYBACK

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90 FULL DUPLEX OPERATION

PACKET OPERATION ........................................... 93

ENABLING THE DATA CONNECTOR

MAINTENANCE

GENERAL INFORMATION ................................ 94

SERVICE............................................................. 94

SERVICE NOTE

CLEANING ......................................................... 95

TROUBLESHOOTING OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES INSTALLING OPTIONS

OPENING THE TRANSCEIVER

INSTALLING THE TSU-8 CTCSS UNIT

INSTALLING THE ME-1 EXPANSION

MEMORY UNIT SPECIFICATIONS GLOSSARY QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

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93 94

96 102 104 104

104

105 106

108 115

FEATURES ACCESSORIES

• Dual band receive capability on each model in the series:

TM-251A/E: 144 MHz plus 430/440 MHz TM-451A/E: 430/440 MHz plus 144 MHz

• Full Duplex allows “telephone-style" contacts; Transmit on the Main band with simultaneous Receive on the Sub-band.

• Digital Record extends the convenience of CTCSS, DTSS, Page, and Tone Alert by recording the audio of a station calling you.

• DTSS and Page allow selective calling of specific stations. In addition, combining Tone Alert with Page lets you know who called and when.

• Innovative Menu Set-up method combines sophisticated features with simple operation; ergonomic design places only the most frequentlyused keys on the Front Panel without losing desired features.

Accessory

Part Number

Microphone

U.S.A., Canada, General’ Europe, General’

DC power cable

T91-0517-XX T91-0516-XX

E30-2111-XX 1

Fuse

TM-251: 15 A

TM-451: 10 A Mounting bracket Stacking plate Screws Wrench

F51-0017-XX

F51-0016-XX

J29-0614-XX J21-4469-XX

N99-0384-XX

W01-0426-XX

Warranty card (U.S.A., Canada, Europe^)

Instruction manual

’ Excluding some General market versions. ^ Excluding some European versions.

B62-0455-XX

Quantity

1 1

1 1 set 1 set

— 1

CONVENTIONS FOLLOWED IN THIS MANUAL

INSTRUCTION

MEANING WHAT TO DO

The writing conventions described below have been followed to simplify key stroke instructions and avoid

unnecessary repetition. This format is less confusing for

the reader. Reviewing the following information now will

reduce your learning period. That means less time will be spent reading this manual; more time will be available

for operating.

Note: Basic procedures are numbered sequentially to guide you step-by- step. Additional information pertaining to a step, but not essential to complete the procedure, is provided in bulleted form following many steps for further guidance.

Press

[KEY]. Prpqc;

[KEY1] + [KEY2].

Prpcq [KEY1], [KEY2].

Press [KEY]+ POWER ON.

Press [F] (1 s).

Press the key.

Press the keys simultaneously.

Press the keys in sequence.

Press the key while powering the transceiver.

Press the Function key for longer than 1 second.

Press and release KEY.

Press and hold KEY1 down, then press KEY2.

Press KEY1 momentarily, release KEY1, then press KEY2.

With the transceiver power OFF, press and hold KEY, then turn ON the transceiver power by pressing [PWR].

Press and hold the Function key until the "F" indicator on the

Display begins

flashing.

Press [KEY] (1 s).

Press the key for longer than

1 second.

Press and hold KEY until the

function begins.

PREPARATION FOR MOBILE OPERATION

When operating mobile, do not attempt to configure your transceiver or change Menu settings while driving because it is simply too dangerous. Stop the car first, then make the necessary changes. Also, be aware of local laws pertaining to the use of headphones/headsets while driving on public roads. If in doubt, do not wear headphones while mobiling.

MOBILE INSTALLATION

Install the transceiver in a safe, convenient position inside your vehicle that minimizes danger to your passengers and yourself while the vehicle is in motion.

For example, consider installing the transceiver under the dash in front of the passenger seat so that knees or legs will not strike the transceiver during sudden braking of your vehicle. Try to pick a well-ventilated location that is shielded from direct sunlight.

Installation Example

1 Install the mounting bracket using the supplied flat

washers and self-tapping screws. There are 4 washers and 4 screws supplied.

• The bracket can be mounted with the bracket opening for the transceiver facing down for underdash mounting, or with the opening facing up.

• If mounted underdash, the bracket must be installed so that the 3 screw holes on the edge of each bracket side are facing forward. This allows you to mount the transceiver horizontally or to angle it upward.

• If mounted with the bracket opening facing upward, position the bracket with the 3 holes facing forward to angle the transceiver upward.

Position the bracket with the 3 holes facing the rear if you plan to angle the transceiver

downward. The transceiver can be mounted

horizontally, angled neither up nor down, with the bracket positioned either way.

2 Position the transceiver in the bracket to determine

the best viewing angle.

3 Insert and tighten the supplied hexagon SEMS

screws and washers. There are 2 screws and 2 washers supplied for each side of the bracket.

• Double check that all hardware is tightened to prevent vehicle vibration from loosening the

bracket or transceiver.

Mounting

bracket

liiSl

SEMS screws <

Stacking plate-'

3EE1

DC POWER CABLE CONNECTION

Route the DC power cable supplied with the transceiver, or an optional DC cable equipped with a noise filter, directly to the vehicle’s battery terminals using the shortest path from the transceiver. If using a noise filter, it should be installed with an insulator to prevent it from touching metal on the vehicle. It is not recommended to use the cigarette lighter socket since some cigarette lighter sockets introduce an unacceptable voltage drop.

Passenger compartment

I'Joise filter supplied with PG-3B

Power supply connector

........................

,Red ( + ) Fuse holders

Vehicle chassis

Black ( - )

Engine compartment

with 20 A fuses

Double check cable connections at the battery to confirm correct polarities (Red ^ Positive, Black ^ Negative).

Dismantle fuse holder.

Passenger compartment

To prevent the risk of short circuits, disconnect other wiring from the negative { —) battery terminal before connecting the transceiver. Confirm the correct polarity of the connections before attaching the power cable; red connects to the positive ( +) terminal, black connects to the negative ( —) terminal. Use the full length of the cable without cutting off excess even if the cable is longer than required. In particular, never remove the fuse holders from the cable. After completing transceiver connections to the battery, then reconnect any wiring removed from the negative terminal.

If the power cable must be routed through a hole in the vehicle chassis or body, for example in the firewall at the front of the passenger compartment, use a rubber grommet to protect the cable from abrasion. The entire

length of the cable must be dressed so it is isolated from

heat and moisture. After the cable is in place, wind heat-

resistant tape around the fuse holder to protect it from

moisture. Tie down the full run of cable.

The vehicle battery must have a nominal rating of 12 V. Never connect the transceiver to a 24 V battery. Be sure to use a 12 V vehicle battery that has sufficient current capacity. If the current to the transceiver is insufficient, the Display may darken during transmission, or transmit output power may drop excessively.

Only after completing the installation, connect the transceiver’s power supply connector to the DC power cable. Press the connectors firmly together until the locking tab clicks.

Replacing Fuses

ANTENNA CONNECTION

If the fuse blows, determine the cause then correct

the problem. After the problem is resolved, then

replace the fuse. If newly installed fuses continue to blow, disconnect the power cable and contact your dealer or nearest Service Center for assistance.

Fuse Location

TM-251A/E TM-451A/E

Supplied Accessory

Fuse Current Rating

15 A 10 A

20 A

DC Power Cable

CAUTION: Only use fuses of the specified type and rating.

Note: If you use the transceiver for a long period when the

vehicle battery has not been fully charged, or when the engine has been stopped, the battery may become discharged, and will not have sufficient reserves to start the vehicle. Avoid using the transceiver under these conditions.

Before operating mobile, you must first install an efficient, well-tuned antenna. The success of your mobile installation will depend largely on the type of antenna and its correct installation. The transceiver can give excellent results if the antenna system and its installation is given careful attention.

Your choice of antenna should have a 50 ohm

impedance to match the transceiver input impedance. Use low-loss coaxial feed line that also has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms. Coupling the antenna to the transceiver via feed lines having an impedance other than 50 ohms reduces the efficiency of the antenna system, and can cause interference to nearby broadcast television receivers, radio receivers, and other electronic equipment.

ANT connector Feed line connector

CAUTION: Transmitting without first connecting an antenna or other matched load may damage the transceiver. Always connect the antenna to the transceiver before transmitting.

PREPARATION FOR FIXED STATION OPERATION

The following diagram illustrates how to make connections to the rear panel of the transceiver. Connect all cables securely so they will not come loose if pulled.

DC POWER SUPPLY CONNECTION

In order to use this transceiver for fixed station operation,

you will need a separate 13.8 V DC power supply that

must be purchased separately. DO NOT directly connect the transceiver to an AC outlet! Use the supplied DC power cable to connect the transceiver to a regulated power supply. Do not substitute a cable with smaller gauge wires.

The following table lists the current capacity recommended for power supplies used with each type of transceiver.

Transceiver Model Power Supply Capacity

TM-251A/E TM-451A/E

First connect the DC power cable to the regulated DC power supply and check that polarities are correct (Red: positive, Black: negative). Then connect the

transceiver’s DC power connector to the connector on the DC power cable. Press the connectors firmly together until the locking tab clicks.

11 A or more 10 A or more

Note:

► For your transceiver to fully exhibit its performance capabilities,

the following optional power supply is recommended: PS-33 (20.5 A. 25% duty cycle).

► Before connecting the DC power supply to the transceiver, be

sure to switch the transceiver and the DC power supply off.

► Do not plug the DC power supply Into an AC outlet until you make

all connections.

■ Replacing Fuses

If the fuse blows, determine the cause then correct

the problem. After the problem is resolved, only then

replace the fuse. If newly installed fuses continue to blow, disconnect the power plug and contact your

dealer or nearest Service Center for assistance.

Fuse Location

TM-251A/E 15 A TM-451A/E

Supplied Accessory

DC Power Cable

CAUTION: Only use fuses of the specified type and rating.

Fuse Current Rating

10 A 20 A

ANTENNA CONNECTION

The type of the antenna system, consisting of the antenna, ground, and feed line, will greatly affect the successful performance of the transceiver. Use a

properly adjusted 50 ohm antenna of good quality designed for operation at your operating frequency to let your transceiver perform at its best.

Install low-loss 50 ohm coaxial cable and a first quality

connector for the connection to the transceiver. For

longer feed line runs, especially for operation at UHF frequencies, you might consider investing in "hardline" transmission line. Flardline is available in larger

diameters and has much lower loss than coaxial cable.

The lower loss can make a significant difference for those interested in weak signal operation. In all cases,

match the impedance of the feed line and antenna so that the SWR is minimum. Generally, an SWR

measurement of 1.5:1 or less is considered satisfactory.

All connections must be clean and tight. Coupling the

antenna to the transceiver via feed line having an

impedance other than 50 ohms reduces the efficiency of

the antenna system. It also can cause interference to

nearby broadcast television receivers, radio receivers,

and other electronic equipment.

CAUTION:

► All fixed stations should be equipped with a lightning arrester to

reduce the risk of fire, electric shock, and transceiver damage.

► Transmitting without first connecting an antenna or other

matched load may damage the transceiver. Always connect the antenna to the transceiver before transmitting.

ACCESSORY CONNECTIONS

EXTERNAL SPEAKER

Use an external speaker with 8 ohms impedance. The

jack accepts a 3.5 mm diameter mono (2-conductor)

plug. Recommended speakers include the SP-50B and SP-41. Connecting an external speaker automatically cuts off audio to the internal speaker.

MICROPHONE

To communicate in the voice modes, plug a 600 ohm microphone equipped with an 8-pin modular connector into the modular socket on the Front Panel of the transceiver. Press firmly on the plug until the locking tab clicks.

Microphone modular socket

PACKET EQUIPMENT

If you intend to use this transceiver for Packet operation,

you will need the following equipment:

• Personal computer with communications software (Alternatively, a "dumb" terminal capable of sending ASCII commands)

• TNC (Terminal Node Controller)

• TNC power supply

• RS-232C cable

• 6-pin mini DIN plug (PG-5A)

Refer to the accompanying diagram and the associated instruction manuals to configure the equipment as shown. Connect your TNC to the DATA connector on

the transceiver Rear Panel using a cable equipped with a

6-pin mini DIN plug. Do not share a single power supply between the transceiver and the TNC. Keep as wide a separation between the transceiver and computer as practical to reduce noise-pickup by the transceiver.

DATA Connector Pinout

Personal computer/dumb terminal

Number

Name

Function

Packet data input

PKD

• Transmit data from TNC to transceiver

DE Ground for PKD

Packet standby

PKS

• TNC can use this pin to inhibit the transceiver

microphone input while

transmitting packet signals.

4 9600D Detects 9600 bps data. 5

1200D Detects 1200 bps data.

Squelch control output

SQC

• Inhibits TNC data transmit

while transceiver squelch is open.

GETTING ACQUAINTED

The following sections describe basic functions of the Front Panel controls and buttons, Rear Panel jacks and connectors, microphone buttons and Display indicators. For full explanations of functions mentioned, refer to the appropriate section elsewhere in the manual.

FRONT PANEL

® (D

YOUR FIRST QSO

If you tend to discard instruction manuals along with the

packaging material....please don’t. The 5 steps below

will get you on the air in your first QSO within minutes to allow you to experience the exhilaration that comes with opening a brand new transceiver.

After trying the rig for a while, settle back in your most comfortable operating chair with this manual and your favorite drink for an hour or two. The time spent will be worthwhile.

1 Connect a 13.8 V DC power source to the power

connector, and a suitable antenna to the antenna connector.

2 Turn the VOL and SQL controls to approximately

9 o’clock.

3 Press [PWR].

• The default frequency appears on the Display.

4 Turn the Tuning control to select a frequency.

5 If accessing a repeater, press [SHIFT] to select a

standard positive transmit offset. Repeat to select a negative offset.

• Either" +" or" -" appears.

• If a subaudible tone is required to access the repeater: a) Press [F], [TONE/CTCSS]. b) Turn the Tuning control to select a Tone

frequency. c) Press [TONE/CTCSS] to exit from Tone Select. d) Press [TONE/CTCSS] again to turn ON the

TONE function.

6 When the frequency is clear, press [PTT] and begin

communicating.

• Release [PTT] to receive.

® VFO button

@ VOL (Volume) control

Provides the following 5 functions:

• VFO mode select {page 32}

• Menu function select (descending order) {page 22}

• VFO Scan {page 59}

• Memory/Call channel transfer to VFO {page 42}

• Partial reset {page 46} (2)MR (Memory Recall) button

Provides the following 5 functions:

• Memory Recall select {page 41}

• Menu function select (ascending order) {page 22}

• Memory Scan {page 58}

• Memory Write {page 39}

• Full reset {page 46} (DF (Function) button

Provides the following 3 functions:

• Multiple key function select

• Menu Set-up enter {page 22}

• Menu Set-up exit {page 22}

Adjusts the level of receive audio from the speaker {page 28}.

(DPWR (Power) switch Switches the transceiver ON or OFF {page 28}. Also

used in conjunction with other keys to access Menu B

{page 24} or initialize the microprocessor and its memory {page 46}.

(DTUNING control

Provides the following 6 functions:

• Selects transmit/receive frequencies {page 32} and frequency limits {pages 33 and 59}.

• Selects memory channels in Memory Recall {page 41}.

• Selects available choices when configuring Menu functions {page 22}.

• Selects subaudible Tone frequency {page 52} and transmit offset {page 50}.

• Selects scan direction {page 58}.

• Selects DTSS/page codes {pages 76 and 79}.

® SHIFT button

Selects the transmit frequency offset with respect to the receive frequency {page 491. Also toggles Tone Alert ON or OFF {page 86).

©SQL (Squelch) control Adjusts the squelch threshold level {page 28). This

allows you to mute speaker output while no stations are being received.

(DtONE/CTCSS button

Switches Tone and CTCSS ON or OFF {pages 51 and

74). Also used for selecting the subaudible Tone frequency {page 52}.

d) REV (Reverse) button Switches the transmit frequency and receive frequency

when operating with a transmit offset or split frequency {page 51). Also toggles the transceiver between the Main band or the Sub-band (page 30}.

®DTSS button Toggles DTSS and Page ON or OFF. Also used for

setting the DTSS code and Page codes {page 75}.

©Microphone connector

Insert the 8-pin modular microphone plug until the locking tab "clicks".

OWN

RD: Oo0f> squelch audio(100 mV/ 10 kfi)

MIC

GND (MIC)

STBY (Pm

GND

DC 8 V. 100 mA max.

Selects High, Mid, or Low transmit output power. Also

activates Lock {page 62} and memory channel lock-out

{page 58} functions.

REAR PANEL

-d)

® ANT connector Connect an external antenna designed for operation on

the same band as this transceiver. When making test transmissions, connect a dummy load in place of the antenna. The antenna system or load should have an impedance of 50 ohms. All models accept a male

PL-259 coaxial plug except the TM-451E which accepts

a male Type N plug. (D DATA connector

Connect a Terminal Node Controller (TNC) for Packet operation. Accepts a 6-pin mini DIN plug. See page 10 for pinout details.

©Power Input DC 13.8 V connector Connect a 13.8 V DC power source. Use the supplied

DC power cable. @ EXT. SP jack

Connect an optional external speaker for clearer audio. Accepts a 3.5 mm diameter (2-conductor) plug.

MICROPHONE

MC-45DM/45DME

©UP button (D DWN button Raises or lowers the VFO frequency, the memory

channel number, the Tone/CTCSS frequency, the DTSS/Page code, or the Page memory number. Holding either button down causes the action to be repeated, and "fuzzy" logic increases the rate of repetition with time. Also, in Menu Set-up, switches among available menu selections for each menu function.

® PTT (Push-to-talk) switch Press to transmit; release to receive. Also, press to exit

Scan and Menu Set-up functions, DTSS/Page code setting, or Tone/CTCSS frequency setting.

Locks all microphone functions except [PTT] and the DTMF keypad, if equipped.

® PF (Programmable Function) key Activates the Monitor function to open and close the

squelch regardless which squelch system is being used. The key function can be re-programmed, if desired

{page 70}, On European versions, activates the 1750 Hz tone for repeater access.

(DCALL key, 1750 key

Recalls the Call channel. Pressing for more than 1 second initiates a Call Scan. The Call function can be re-programmed, if desired (page 70}. On European

versions, sends a 1750 Hz tone for repeater access. ©VFO key, MR key

Identical to the Front Panel functions of the same name. Both functions can be re-programmed, if desired {page 70}.

(D DTMF keypad (some versions only)

The 16-key keypad is used to transmit DTMF tones.

DISPLAY

® (D (D ®

LOCK\+V+U :L0W

....

^nnO O O

DUP/ CO

S»RF 13579 OVER

©LOCK Indicates the Lock function is ON; most Front Panel and

microphone buttons and keys are locked {page 62}.

Indicates AM receive mode is ON. Blinks while

accessing Menu A, AM/FM Mode {page 23}. AM/FM

mode is available only on some versions of the TM- 251A/E {page 31}.

(D +v +u

Indicates the 144 MHz Sub-band (" +V") or 430/440 MHz Sub-band (" +U") is selected {page 30}.

MID i REV/—\— +;■< O O O O O O O:

^ V# Ct O 0.0 O 0.0;

APO

-----------

CTCSS

PAG

DTSS

. w* -iSEEP

‘U m U ^ T O T

DIM

l.fSTEP TONE

©LOW, MID

Indicates Low or Mid transmit output power is selected (page 37). When "LOW" or "MID" are not visible, High

output power is selected. ©REV

Indicates the Reverse function is ON {page 51}.

Transmit and receive frequencies are reversed.

(DQ

Appears when [F] is pressed. Indicates that alternate functions of multiple-function buttons can be accessed

now.

® (D (D ® (S)

L0CK:+V+U :L0W mid:

r^!3|Q[i0i

Wi n O O U C<Wg2

DUP/ CO

i¿»cttfiw nilfcva I

@ - - +

SARF

Indicates the transmit frequency is offset (different) from the receive frequency {page 49}. The symbol displayed indicates the direction that the transmit frequency is offset from the receive frequency. Also indicates a splitfrequency memory channel is selected (page 41}. " blinks while Menu A, Transmit Offset is selected {page 23}.

Indicates Tone Alert is ON {page 86}. When using Tone Alert, blinks after receipt of a signal. Also blinks while

Menu A, Tone Alert Alarm Tone is selected {page 23}.

REV/- r.:^ilk

O it ó Q O O:

U $I,U Q U,U:

nii / APÓ

DIM

------

' PAG

,«-«BEEP DTSS

nil

OVER

^ W M^TEP TONE 3:LI«S.fWTOT CTCss

Indicates the selected memory channel is locked-out {page 58}.

Blinks while accessing Menu A {page 23}. Remains ON while accessing Menu B {page 24}.

® DIM

Blinks when selecting the level of Display illumination in Menu A, Display Brightness {page 23}.

This indicator is not currently used.

LOCK: +V +U : LOW MID! REV/

--------------------

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DUP.ij

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CO !

Ufcy»lM IslIkIM

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ llll ElZi 'V P ^TEP TON E

SARF

1 3 5 7 9 OVER EUD ;!.l« £ff«TOT CTCSS

+/.^ O Q O O O O O:

.{mm Apo

★ DIM PAG

-¿ii-BEEP DTSS

DUP

Indicates Full Duplex mode is ON {page 91}. Blinks while accessing Menu A, Full Duplex {page 23}.

®CO Indicates Carrier-operated Scan Resume is ON

{page 57}. When not visible, Time-operated Scan Resume is in effect. Blinks while accessing Menu A, Scan Resume {page 23}.

Indicates S-meter squelch is ON {page 29}. Blinks while accessing Menu A, S-meter Squelch {page 23}.

® liilkUi Indicates the squelch is open due to a receive signal or

noise that is greater in strength than the noise squelch

threshold level {page 28}. Also appears when the noise

squelch is set to minimum by turning the SQL control

fully counterclockwise. If using either CTCSS or DTSS,

indicates the squelch is open due to a received signal that contains a CTCSS tone or DTSS code that matches the tone or code programmed in your transceiver.

® ISSOXlO uM

n tip

Displays the transmit/receive frequency, frequency step {page 35}, and Tone frequency {page 52}. Also displays the available selections when using Menu Set-up {page 22}. The decimal point blinks while the transceiver is scanning {page 59}.

In Receive, acts as an S-meter to indicate the signal strength of received signals. In Transmit, acts as an RF power meter to indicate the relative transmit output power {page 37}. Full scale represents High transmit power.

Indicates the transceiver is in Transmit mode with a transmit frequency that is within the transmit band.

:0 O ':

Displays the currently selected memory channel number {page 41} or Menu B number {page 24}. The dots beside the memory channel numbers are used only by the ME-1 Expansion Unit. The right dot appears when the 100s digit of the channel number is 1 (memory channels 100-199). The left dot appears when the 100s digit of the channel number is 2 (memory channel 200).

Indicates the Time-out Timer is ON {page 38}. Blinks

while accessing Menu A, Time-Out Timer {page 23}.

® STEP

Blinks while accessing Menu A, Frequency Step {page 23}.

@ BEEP

Blinks while accessing Menu A, Confirmation Beep {page 23}.

Acts as a Sub-display to show receive frequency. Tone frequency, etc.

LOCKiJfV+u’rLOw 'WDi REV/-- 0

DUP CO / UM»T isiiiaM I

---

------------------------------

n 'U O O U'nip

SARF

y tf.tf V !J^U:

II iJsTEP TONE

..-—-—-BEEP DTSS

ER ESo

:Lh LUtot

^.\ssm APo-

Hw DIM PAG

ctcss

Indicates Automatic Power Off is ON {page 63}. Blinks while accessing Menu A, Automatic Power Off (page 23}.

@ PAG

Indicates Page is ON (page 79}.

@ DTSS

Indicates the Dual Tone Squelch System is ON (page 75}.

@TONE

Indicates the subaudible Tone encoder is ON {page 52}.

(i) CTCSS

Indicates the Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System is ON when the CTCSS option (TSU-8) is installed {page 74}.

MENU SET-UP

MENU DESCRIPTION

Many functions on this transceiver are selected or configured via software-controlled menus instead of physical controls on the transceiver. Once familiar with the Menu system, you will appreciate the versatility it offers. No longer is the number and complexity of features restricted by the physical size of transceiver.

The Menus are identified as Menu A and Menu B.

Menu A is used to access functions that are frequently changed while Menu B is used for less frequently changed functions.

MENU A ACCESS

Anytime that you want to change a function that is controlled by Menu A, use the following procedure:

1 Press [F] (1 s) to enter Menu A.

• "MENU" begins blinking and the menu selected last

appears.

2 Select the desired menu function by pressing either

[MR] or [VFO].

• Press [VFO] to cycle through functions in a downward direction on the chart.

• Press [MR] to cycle through functions in an upward direction on the chart.

Microphone [MR] or [VFO] may be used if more

convenient.

Select the desired menu selection by turning the Tuning control or by pressing microphone [UP] or

[OWN].

When selecting from a group of numeric menu

selections, turning the Tuning control clockwise or

pressing microphone [UP] selects in ascending order, and turning the Tuning control counterclockwise or pressing microphone [OWN] selects in descending order.

4 After selecting the desired menu selection, press

[SHIFT] or [TONE/CTCSS] or [REV] or [DTSS] to exit Menu A.

Note: The Automatic Power Off timer stops counting while you are in Menu Set-up.

MENU A CONFIGURATION

Label

DIM Display Brightness

BEEP STEP

TOT

APO Automatic Power Off

DUP

CO Scan Resume

S.SQL S-meter Squelch

+ —

^ TM-251A (U.S.A. and Canada): 5 kHz 2 TM-251A/E: 600 kHz. TM-451A: 5 MHz, TM-451E; 1.6 MHz ^ Only on Main Band of TM-251A/E with expanded receive coverage outside the Amateur bands.

• 5 illumination levels (d1: brightest) Confirmation Beep Frequency Step Size

Time-Out Timer OFF/3/5/10/20/30

Full Duplex

Transmit Offset (Shift) Tone Alert Alarm Tone Bel1/Bel2/Bel3

Display Mode during CTCSS, DTSS, or Page

AM/FM Mode^

Description

Selections

OFF/d4/d3/d2/d1 d2

OFF/ON

12.5kHz/25kHz/5kHz/ 10kHz/15kHz/20kHz

minutes

OFF/60/120/180

minutes

OFF/ON

TO/CO

OFF/ON

d, 5 kHz to 40 MHz

OFF/Sub1/Sub2

A/F

TM-251A/E: 12.5 kHz’ TM-451A/E: 25 kHz

FM (AM: 118 to 136 MHz)

Default

OFF

TO 57

OFF

Bell 87

OFF

Page

64 35

29 50

65 31

MENU B ACCESS

Anytime that you want to change a function that is controlled by Menu B, use the following procedure:

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B.

• The menu and menu number selected last appears.

2 Select the desired menu function by pressing either

[MR] or [VFO].

• Press [MR] to increment Menu No., and [VFO] to decrement Menu No.

• Microphone [MR] or [VFO] may be used if more convenient.

MENU B CONFIGURATION

Select the desired menu selection by turning the Tuning control or by pressing microphone [UP] or

[OWN].

• When selecting from a group of numeric menu selections, turning the Tuning control clockwise or pressing microphone [UP] selects in ascending order, and turning the Tuning control counterclockwise or microphone [DWN] selects in descending order.

After selecting the desired menu selection, press

[SHIFT] or [TONE/CTCSS] or [REV] or [DTSS] to exit Menu B.

Remote Control Mode OFF/ON OFF

Automatic Page Cancel

51 52 Open Page OFF/ON

DTSS/Page Transmit Delay Time (offset/split only)

53 54 Transmit Hold for 1750 Hz Tone

• TM-251E/TM-451E only Transmit Inhibit

Frequency Change during Memory Recall

56 57 DATA Connector Baud Rate

Description

350ms/550ms 350 ms

Selections Defauit

OFF/ON

OFF/ON OFF/ON

1200/9600

OFF OFF

OFF

OFF OFF 1200

Page

67 84 85

76,83

No 58

Microphone Connector Receive Audio

Description

• Audio available from RD terminal while squelch is open. Channel Display

• Frequency Display (OFF) or Channel Number Display (ON) Programmable Band Scan (Lower Limit)

Programmable Band Scan (Upper Limit)

62 Programmable VFO Tuning (Lower Limit)

Programmable VFO Tuning (Upper Limit)

63 64

Squelch Hang Time Select

DTMF Memory Store

Record Timer Select

Record Mode

• Continuous (1) or Single (2)

68-70 Unsupported Functions

71 Page Answer-back

72 Message Playback Control via DTSS

DTSS Code Select for Message Playback

Selections Default

OFF/ON OFF/ON

Receive

OFF

—

Frequencies

Receive

—

Frequencies

Receive

Frequencies

Lowest

Receive

Frequency

Receive

Frequencies

Highest

Receive

Frequency

OFF/125/250/500 OFF

OFF/P —

8 sec/16 sec

1/2

OFF/ON OFF/ON

000-999

OFF

8 sec

OFF OFF

919

Page

45 59 59 33

29 54 88

83 77 78

CONFIRMATION BEFORE OPERATION

Before proceeding, run through the following checklist to

double check that your transceiver is ready to operate;

REAR PANEL

ANT (Antenna)

• Is the correct antenna actually connected?

• Is a lightning protector installed for a fixed station?

• Are interconnecting coaxial cables between the transceiver, accessory station equipment and the antenna connected?

• Are all cable connectors well-installed (including no cold solder joints?) and screwed tight?

• Are coax switches set for the correct antenna?

CAUTION: DO NOT transmit without connecting an antenna or dummy load to the ANT connector. The transceiver can fail.

DC 13.8 V (DC Power Cable)

• Is the power cable connected and locked in place? (Do not turn on the transceiver or DC power supply yet.)

DATA Connector

• Is a TNG connected correctly for Packet operation?

FRONT PANEL

Controls

• Are they preset as shown in the diagram? Microphone

• Is a recommended microphone installed?

RECEIVING

SWITCHING POWER ON/OFF

Switch ON the DC power supply, then press [PWR] to switch ON the transceiver.

• If operating mobile, simply press [PWR] on the transceiver.

• After the on message, the frequency and

possibly other indicators appear on the Display. To switch OFF the transceiver, press [PWR] again. In a fixed installation, after the transceiver has been

switched ON, it can then be switched OFF or ON by using only the power switch on the DC power supply.

VOLUME ADJUST

Turn the VOL control clockwise to increase the audio level, and counterclockwise to decrease the level.

SQUELCH ADJUST

The purpose of squelch is to silence audio output from the speaker when no signals are present. When squelch is set correctly, you will hear sound only while a station is actually being received. At this time, "BUSY" appears on the Display.

■ Noise Squelch

Turn the SQL control clockwise to just eliminate the background noise when no signal is present.

The point at which ambient noise on a frequency just disappears, called the squelch threshold, depends on the frequency. Setting the squelch threshold too high causes squelch to remain closed while a weak signal is present. The station will not be heard. You may mistakenly think your transceiver’s receive sensitivity is low or you have an audio problem.* Setting the threshold too low allows noise to be heard between transmissions from other stations.

S-Meter Squelch

SQUELCH HANG TIME

By activating S-meter Squelch, you can set the squelch threshold so the squelch does not open until a signal with the same or greater strength than the Smeter setting is received.

1 Press [F] (1 s) to enter Menu A.

2 Select "S.SQL" {page 22}.

• The current S-meter Squelch status appears.

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3 Select a squelch status.

• OFF: Disables S-meter Squelch.

• ON: Enables S-meter Squelch.

• Default: OFF

4 Exit Menu A.

• "S.SQL" remains ON.

5 After switching S-meter Squelch ON, adjust the

SQL control to set the S-meter for the minimum

signal strength that you want to open the squelch.

When using S-meter Squelch, you may want to adjust the Hang Time (time for the squelch to close after the received carrier drops).

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B.

2 Select Menu No. 64 (page 24}.

• The current Hang Time value appears.

3 Select a value.

• The available selections are OFF, 125, 250, 500 ms.

• Default: OFF.

4 Exit Menu B.

BAND SELECT

The transceiver is equipped with a Main Band for both transmitting and receiving, plus a Sub-band for receiving only. When the Sub-band is selected, [PTT] is disabled, although [TONE/CTCSS] and [REV] are still functional. Full Duplex communication is possible by taking advantage of the receive capability of the Sub-band. See page 91 for more information on Full Duplex operating.

Version

Canada

U.S.A.

Europe

General

Main Band

144 MHz ’

144 MHz ^

TM-251

Sub-Band

440 MHz 2

430 MHz

’ Expanded receive coverage: 118 to 174 MHz ^ Expanded receive coverage: 300 to 470 MHz ^ Some versions include expanded receive coverage:

118 to 174 MHz

“ Some versions include expanded receive coverage:

300 to 470 MHz ® Expanded receive coverage: 136 to 174 MHz ® Some versions include expanded receive coverage from

136 to 174 MHz. Some versions include an expansion band

that covers 800 to 1000 MHz.

Version

Canada

U.S.A.

Europe

General

Main Band

440 MHz 2

430 MHz “

TM-451

Sub-Band

144 MHz 5

144 MHz ®

Select the Main Band or Sub-band by pressing [F], [REV].

• When the Sub-band is selected, " + U" or" + V" appears as a reminder that the UHF or the VHF Sub band is currently selected.

• After switching bands, the frequency used last on the new band and the frequency step stored in Menu A

for the new band are selected automatically.

• Each time the above button combination is entered,

the transceiver toggles between the Main Band and

Sub-band.

Note: The 800 MHz expansion band on European and General

versions is selected in the same way as the Sub-band by pressing [FJ, [REV].

■ Selecting AM/FM Mode (TM-251A/E only)

The U.S.A. and Canada versions of TM-251A, plus some versions of TM-251A (General) and TM-251E are able to receive AM and FM modes on the Main Band. The AM mode is selected automatically when any frequency in the range 118.000 to 135.995 MHz (AIR band) is chosen. Outside this range, the default is FM, but AM can be selected manually via Menu A. Changing bands after manually selecting AM or FM mode causes the default mode to be restored automatically.

1 Select the Main Band by pressing [F], [REV].

• AM/FM selection is only possible on the Main Band.

2 Press [F] (1 s) to enter Menu A. 3 Select "Spade" {page 22}.

• "Spade" begins blinking and the current AM/FM selection appears.

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Select a mode.

• The available selections are AM or FM.

• Default : 118.000 to 135.995 MHz : AM

All other frequencies : FM

Exit Menu A.

• "Spade" remains ON if the AM mode was selected.

• When AM is selected outside the AIR band, "Spade" disappears while transmitting since FM is used for transmissions.

VFO MODE

SELECTING FREQUENCIES

The VFO mode allows you to select operating frequencies by using the Tuning control or the microphone as explained under "SELECTING

FREQUENCIES" below. Press [VFO] to select VFO mode.

• The currently selected frequency appears.

• If already in VFO mode, there is no change. VFO mode must be selected when using the following

functions:

Select VFO

mode to use:

Programmable

Band Scan Limit

Select

Page

Ref.

Select VFO

mode to use:

Programmable

VFO Limit

Select

Page

Ref.

■ Tuning Control

Using the Tuning control is convenient when you are within easy reach of the transceiver Front Panel, and the frequencies to be selected lie near the current frequency. The "fuzzy logic" design temporarily increases the frequency step size as the Tuning control is turned more rapidly.

Press [VFO] to select VFO mode. Select your desired band by pressing [F], [REV]. Turn the Tuning control to select a receive

frequency.

Clockwise rotation increases the frequency one frequency step at a time.

Counterclockwise rotation decreases the frequency one frequency step at a time.

If you cannot select a particular receive frequency, the

frequency step size needs to be changed. See

"FREQUENCY STEP SIZE" {page 35} for further information.

Note: Frequencies can also be selected via the microphone

keypad. See "KEYPAD DIRECT ENTRY" {page 7i}.

Programmable VFO

Select Menu B, No. 62.

You may want to set limits for the minimum and maximum frequencies that are selectable with the Tuning control, for example, to keep your operating within the frequencies set aside by band plans for FM operation. The limits can be set or modified at any time, and are configurable for each band on the transceiver.

1 Press [VFO] to select VFO mode. 2 Select the band on which you want to set the VFO

limits by pressing [F], [REV].

3 Press [REV]+ POWER ON to enter Menu B, then

select Menu No. 63 {page 24}.

• The current upper limit appears.

• The default is the maximum frequency that can be selected on your version of transceiver.

4 Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone [UP]

or [OWN], to select the desired upper limit.

• The 10 kHz and lower digits are fixed according to the frequency step currently selected in Menu A:

5, 10, 15, 20 kHz: 95

12.5,25 kHz: 87.5

• The upper limit must be either 87.5 kHz or 95 kHz higher than the lower limit depending on the current frequency step.

• The current lower limit appears.

• The default is the minimum frequency that can be selected on your version of transceiver.

Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone [UP] or [DWN], to select the desired lower limit.

• The 10 kHz and lower digits are set to 0. Exit Menu B.

Note:

The upper limit is set first above; however, either lower or upper

►

limit may be set first provided the upper limit is placed in Menu B. No. 63 and the lower limit is placed in Menu B, No. 62.

To reset the limits to their default values, you can do a Partial or

Full Reset (page 46}, or manually set the limits to the maximum

and minimum frequencies for your version of transceiver.

Microphone [UP]/[DWN] Buttons

Using microphone [UP] or [DWN] for frequency selection is useful when mobiling or anytime you are not immediately in front of the transceiver.

Press [UP] or [DWN] once to change the receive frequency by one frequency step in the direction indicated by the button.

• Pressing and holding either button causes the frequency to step repeatedly in one direction until the button is released.

FREQUENCY STEP SIZE

4 Select "STEP" {page 22}.

Choosing the correct step size when operating is essential in order to select your exact receive frequency with the Tuning control or microphone [UP]/[DWN]. The

best step size is the largest step that will still allow you to

select all frequencies on which you plan to operate.

Using the best step size reduces the time required to

select new frequencies; operating becomes easier.

Defaults (kHz)

Version

Canada

U.S.A.

Europe

General

The 800 MHz expansion band is on some European and General versions.

1 Press [VFO] to select VFO mode.

• The step size can only be changed in VFO mode.

2 Select the band on which you want to set the

frequency step by pressing [F], [REV].

TM-251 TM-451

Main Sub

5 25 25 5

12.5 25 25 12.5

Main

Sub/Exp.'

• "STEP" begins blinking and the current frequency step appears.

5 Select a step size.

• The available steps are as follows:

5 kHz

TM-251A/E TM-451A^E

TM-451A/E' (800 MHz only)

’ Some European and General versions only. 6 Exit Menu A.

25 kHz

12.5 kHz ◄

10 kHz

12.5 kHz

------

► 25 kHz

15 kHz

20 kHz

3 Press [F] (1 s) to enter Menu A.

Changes In Displayed Frequencies

Changing between step sizes may result in a change of the displayed frequency. When a change occurs, and by how much, is shown in the accompanying charts. This change also affects upper and lower frequency limits selected for the Programmable Band

Scan function {page 59} and the transmit offset selection in Menu A (page 23}.

For example, assume 144.995 MHz is displayed with a 20 kHz step size selected. Changing to a 25 kHz step size alters the displayed frequency to 144.975 MHz.

5, 10, 15 or 20 kHz 12.5 or 25 kHz

Step Size Step Size

Displayed Frequency

(10 kHz/1 kHz)

00, 05, 10, 15 20, 25, 30, 35 40, 45, 50, 55 50

60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95

Displayed Frequency

(10 kHz/1 kHz)

00 25

12.5 or 25 kHz ^ 5, 10, 15 or 20 kHz Step Size Step Size

Displayed Frequency

(10 kHz/ 1 kHz/500 Hz)

12.5 25

37.5 30 50

62.5 75

87.5

Displayed Frequency

(10 kHz/1 kHz)

00 10 20

50 60 70 80

TRANSMITTING

MICROPHONE PTT

When ready to begin transmitting, press and hold [PTT] and speak in a normal tone of voice. Speaking too close to the microphone, or too loudly, may increase distortion and reduce intelligibility of your signal at the receiving station.

SELECTING OUTPUT POWER

It’s wise, and required by law, to select the lowest power

that allows reliable communication. If operating from

battery power, lower transmit power will give you more

operating time before a charge is necessary. Reducing

power lowers the risk of interfering with others on the band too. It is possible to change output power while

transmitting.

Press [LOW] to select the transmit power you require.

• Default: High power (no indicator visible)

• Each press of [LOW] changes the power as follows: High

Model TM-261 50 W Approx. 10 W Approx. 5 W TM-451

Mid ("MID"'

High

35 W Approx. 10 W Approx. 5 W

■> Low ("LOW")

Mid Low

TIME-OUT TIMER (TOT)

It is sometimes necessary or desirable to restrict a single transmission to a specific maximum time. This feature can be useful when accessing repeaters to prevent repeater time-outs, or when particularly trying to conserve battery power. Activate TOT anytime you wish to limit your transmit time.

1 Press [F] (1 s) to enter Menu A. 2 Select "TOT" {page 22}.

INHIBITING TRANSMIT

The transmit function can be disabled to prevent unauthorized individuals from transmitting, or to eliminate the risk of yourself accidentally transmitting.

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B.

2 Select Menu No. 55 {page 24}.

• The current status of Transmit Inhibit appears.

• Default: OFF

• "TOT" begins blinking and the current TOT selection appears.

3 Select a timer value.

• The available selections are OFF, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes.

• Default: OFF

4 Exit Menu A.

• "TOT" remains ON.

When TOT times out, the transceiver automatically

returns to Receive. To resume transmitting, release and

then press [PTT] again.

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3 Select a status.

• OFF: Can transmit.

• ON: Cannot transmit.

4 Exit Menu B.

If [PTT] is pressed while Transmit Inhibit is ON, your

transceiver beeps and will not transmit.

MEMORY CHANNELS

A total of 40 memory channels (1 to 40) are available for storing frequencies and related data. Each memory channel can be used either as a simplex channel or split channel for storing any frequency or frequency pair that can be selected on the transceiver. Alternatively, a

standard or non-standard frequency offset and offset direction required for using repeaters can be stored. Refer to "OPERATING THROUGH REPEATERS" {page 48}.

The data listed below can be stored in each memory

channel:

Parameter

RX frequency

TX frequency YES

Tone (CTCSS) frequency YES YES

Tone or CTCSS status YES

Frequency step YES YES

Shift status, REV status YES

DTSS code, DTSS status YES YES

YES: Can be stored in memory. N/A: Not applicable

Note: The total number of memory channels can be expanded to 200 by installing the ME-i Expansion Unit option.

Simplex Channel

YES

Split

Channel

YES

N/A

STORING DATA IN MEMORY

There are 2 methods of storing transmit/receive frequencies and associated data in memory channels depending on the relationship of the transmit and receive frequencies:

• Simplex memory channels: RX frequency = TX frequency

• Split memory channels: RX frequency ^ TX frequency

■ Simplex Memory Channels

1 Select the desired frequency and associated data

(Tone, CTCSS, DTSS, etc.) using VFO mode. Memory Recall or the Call channel.

2 Press [F] to select Memory Storage.

• "F" and a memory channel number appear.

3 Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone [UP]

or [DWN], to select the desired memory channel.

4 Press [MR].

The selected frequency and associated data are stored in the memory channel. A transmit frequency from a split memory channel or split Call channel is not stored.

• If the memory channel selected in the previous step already contained data, the new data overwrites the previous data.

• The previous mode is restored.

Split Memory Channels

Select the desired receive frequency and associated data (Tone, CTCSS, DTSS, etc.) using VFO mode. Memory Recall or the Call channel.

Press [F] to select Memory Storage. ♦ "F" and a memory channel number appear. Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone [UP]

or [DWN], to select the desired memory channel.

Press [MR](1 s).

• ” - +" appears.

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Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone [UP] or [DWN], to select the desired transmit frequency

Press [MR].

• The selected transmit frequency is stored in the memory channel, and the previous mode is restored.

Associated data selected in Step 1 such as Tom status/frequency, the frequency step, and DTSS

status/code are not altered by this step. However, Transmit Offset status and Reverse status are erased.

RECALLING MEMORY CHANNELS

Temporary Frequency Changes

■ Selecting Channels Sequentially

This method allows you to select, in numerical order by channel number, all memory channels containing data.

1 Press [MR],

• The memory channel used last is recalled.

2 Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone [UP]

or [DWN], to select the desired memory channel.

• Clockwise or [UP]: Increases the channel number.

• Counterclockwise or [DWN]: Decreases the channel number.

• Empty memory channels cannot be recalled.

. lf[VFO] is pressed, the VFO mode is restored.

Note:

► Memory channels can also be recalled via the microphone

keypad. See "Memory Channel Entry" {page 73}.

► When a split memory channel is recalled, + " appears on

the Display. Press [REV] to display the transmit frequency.

You may prefer the flexibility of being able to temporarily change your operating frequency from your microphone after recalling a memory channel

rather than changing the channel number. This is possible without leaving Memory Recall.

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B. 2 Select Menu No. 56 {page 24}

• The current status appears.

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•t u

3 Select a status.

• OFF: No frequency changes possible.

• ON: Frequency changes possible.

• Default: OFF

4 Exit Menu B.

With Menu B, No. 56 ON, pressing microphone [UP] or [DWN] changes the frequency without altering the memory channel number. The frequency step size stored in the selected memory channel is used when changing frequencies regardless what step size is set in Menu A.

The frequency change is only temporary because it does not alter the stored memory channel contents. You can verify this by changing frequency while a memory channel is selected, selecting a new channel with the Tuning control, and then re-selecting the original channel with the Tuning control. The original channel still contains the originally stored frequency.

In the same way, changing settings of Tone/CTCSS, Transmit Offset, etc. can be done as in VFO mode but the new settings will be temporary. Changing these settings does not require Menu B, No. 56 to be ON.

Note: Frequency changes cannot be made when using Channel Display.

MEMORY VFO TRANSFERS

Transferring the contents of a memory channel or the

Call channel to the VFO can be useful if you wish to

search for other stations or a clear frequency near the

selected memory channel or Call channel frequency.

This is a quick operation that will be used frequently,

especially if you enjoy exploring the band.

1 Press [MR] to select Memory Recall, or microphone

[CALL] to select the Call channel.

2 Recall the desired memory channel using the Tuning

control.

This step is not necessary if the Call channel was selected.

3 Press [F], [VFO].

The complete contents of the memory channel or the Call channel are copied to the VFO for the appropriate band. For example, data from a memof channel containing a frequency of 144.900 MHz would be transferred to the VFO for the 144 MHz band.

• The VFO for the band receiving the transfer is selected after the transfer is completed.

• A transmit frequency from a split memory channel or split Call channel is not transferred to the VFO.

A memory channel that contains a frequency outside the range of a VFO that has programmed limits {page 33} will transfer to the VFO. Howevei as soon as the frequency is changed, the VFO frequency will jump within the programmed range.

Note:

Memory^VFO transfers cannot be done while in Full Duplei

mode

ERASING MEMORY CHANNELS

CALL CHANNEL

Although it is possible to overwrite existing data in any of the memory channels with new data, at times you may wish to clear data from memory channels without

entering new data. It’s convenient to clear channels no longer used so you can identify channels that are free for memorizing new frequencies. Memory channels that contain no data cannot be recalled while in Memory Recall.

1 Press [MR] to select Memory Recall. 2 Select the desired memory channel using the Tuning

control or microphone [UP]/[DWN].

3 Press [F] + [MR].

• The contents of the memory channel are erased.

Note: Memory channel i cannot be erased.

The Call channel can be used to store any frequency that can be selected on your transceiver that you wish to make your main operating frequency. The Call channel can be programmed with a simplex frequency or a split frequency. No matter what mode the transceiver is in, the Call channel always can be selected quickly. You may wish to dedicate the Call channel on a group-wide basis as an emergency channel only to be used for urgent communications. In this case, one of the Call channel scans {page 61} will be useful.

■ Recalling Call Channel

Press microphone [CALL] to retrieve the contents of

the Call channel.

• "C" appears on the Display.

• If [CALL] is pressed again, "C" clears and the previous mode is restored.

•

• The Tuning control and microphone [UP]/[DWN] do not function while the Call channel is selected.

• It is possible that a memory channel may be recalled and data such as Transmit Offset, Tone,

etc. are changed but not stored. If after the Call channel is used you select the previous memory channel, you will find the temporarily changed data is gone, and only the data actually stored in the memory channel will be recalled.

The Call channel defaults are as follows:

Default (MHz)

Version

TM-251

TM-451

Changing Call Channel Contents (Simplex)

1 Select the desired frequency and associated data

(Tone, CTCSS, DTSS, etc.) using VFO mode or Memory Recall.

2 Press [F] to select Memory Storage.

• "F" and a memory channel number appear.

Canada

U.S.A.

Europe

General

The contents of the Call channel cannot be deleted; however, you can overwrite old data with new data as described to the right.

144.000

440.000

430.000

3 Press microphone [CALL].

The selected frequency and associated data are stored in the Call channel. A transmit frequen(| from a split memory channel is not stored.

The previous mode is restored.

Changing Call Channel Contents (Split)

CHANNEL DISPLAY FUNCTION

1 Select the desired receive frequency and

associated data (Tone, CTCSS, DTSS, etc.) using VFO mode or Memory Recall.

2 Press [F] to select Memory Storage.

• "F" and a memory channel number appear.

3 Press microphone [CALL] (1 s).

• " - +" appears.

4 Select the desired transmit frequency. 5 Press [CALL].

• The selected transmit frequency is stored in the Call channel, and the previous mode is restored.

• Associated data selected in Step 1 such as Tone status/frequency, the frequency step, and DTSS status/code are not altered by this step.

However, Transmit Offset status and Reverse status are erased.

When this function is switched ON, the transceiver selects Memory Recall and displays only a memory channel number instead of a frequency. During emergency drills and emergency communications, or when participating in communications for important events, channelized operations can increase operating efficiency and maintain security of communications if required.

With Channel Display ON, memory channels can be selected using the Tuning control or microphone [UP]/[DWN] as usual. Only memory channels containing data can be selected.

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B.

2 Select Menu No. 59 {page 24}.

• The current Channel Display status appears.

3 Select a Display status.

• OFF: Frequency Display

• ON: Channel Display

• Default: OFF

4 Exit Menu B.

Certain functions cannot be used if Channel Display is activated. The following chart identifies these functions:

Non-functional

with Channel

Display ON

[VFO]

Page

Ref.

Non-functional

with Channel

Display ON

Programmable

Page

Ref.

Band Scan Limit

Select

VFO Scan

Programmable VFO

Limit Select

Memory —> VFO

transfer

42 Display

Demonstration

mode

Frequency step size

Full Duplex mode

change

Memory channel

save

Call channel save

Transmit Offset

select

44 Microphone PF

49 70

keys program

Memory channel

Microphone [VFO]

erase

Full reset (Memory

channels)

Partial reset (VFO)

46 46

Microphone

VFO Scan

Microphone

70 43

memory channel

erase

Band select

Frequency Change

during Memory

Recall

INITIALIZING MEMORY

If your transceiver seems to be malfunctioning, initializin the memory may resolve the problem.

Remember that initializing the memory channels requires that you re-enter any memory channel data again after the initialization if you wish to use those channels. On the other hand, to erase all data from all channels, initialization is a quick way to do this.

Partial Reset (VFO)

To initialize all settings except the memory channels,

the Call channel and the Page code channels, press:

[VFO]+ POWER ON.

■ Full Reset (Memory)

To initialize all settings, press [MR]+ POWER ON.

LOCK

•4EJS1I OUP CO

I 1 • r • OVER

When [MR] is released, the VFO and memories resej

Note:

► Neither Partial Reset nor Full Reset can be done while using 0^

Channel Display function.

► When the ME-l Expansion Unit option is installed. Full Reset

initializes the expanded memories.

U OSTEP

LhLkTOT

CTCSS

TONE

TM-251 Defaults

Version

Canada / U.S.A.

Europe

General

Version

Canada / U.S.A.

Europe

General

’ The 800 MHz expansion band is on some European and General versions.

VFO Frequency Frequency Step

Main Sub

144.000 440.000

144.000 430.000 12.5 kHz 25 kHz 1750 Hz

144.000 430.000 12.5 kHz 25 kHz 88.5 Hz

VFO Frequency

Main Sub

440.000

430.000 144.000 850.000

430.000

144.000

144.000 850.000

Main

5 kHz

TM-451 Defaults

Exp.’

Frequency Step

Main Sub/Exp.’ Main 25 kHz 5 kHz 25 kHz 25 kHz

Tone Frequency

Sub Main

25 kHz 88.5 Hz

12.5 kHz

12.5 kHz 88.5 Hz

1750 Hz

Sub

88.5 Hz

1750 Hz

88.5 Hz

Tone Frequency

Sub/Exp.’

88.5 Hz

1750 Hz

88.5 Hz

OPERATING THROUGH REPEATERS

Compared to simplex communication, you can usually transmit over much greater distances by using a repeater. Repeaters are typically located on a mountain top or other elevated location. Often they operate at higher ERP (Effective Radiated Power) than a typical base station. This combination of elevation and high ERP allows communications over considerable distances.

Repeaters are often installed and maintained by radio clubs, sometimes with the cooperation of local businesses from communications industries. During natural emergencies, repeater networks can be a valuable aid to officials responsible for coordinating communications in a community. This assistance may help save lives.

TRANSMIT OFFSETS

All Amateur Radio voice repeaters use a separate receive and transmit frequency. The transmit frequency may be higher or lower than the receive frequency but the difference in frequencies will be a standard amount, or "standard split". Most repeater configurations fall intc one of the following categories:

Offset

Direction

—

N/A ; Not applicable

Whether using VFO mode. Memory Recall, or the Call ■ channel, the transmit offset direction and amount can be; changed on the Main band. If using a split memory channel or split Call channel. Transmit Offset cannot bei changed. No offset settings can be made for the Sub

band since it cannot be used for transmitting.

TM-251A/E TM-451A

+ 600 kHz

- 600 kHz

N/A

+ 5 MHz

-5 MHz

N/A

TM-451E

■+•1.6 MHz

-1.6 MHz

-7.6 MHz

SELECTING OFFSET DIRECTION

AUTOMATIC TRANSMIT OFFSET

This function sets the transnnit frequency either higher (+ ) or lower ( —) than the receive frequency by a fixed amount. Refer to "SELECTING OFFSET VALUES MANUALLY“ {page 50} to change the offset amount.

Press [SHIFT].

• The default is "simplex" (no offset).

• Each press of [SHIFT] changes the offset as follows;

TM-251A/E, TM-451A

Simplex

->- +

Simplex

TM-451E

If the offset transmit frequency falls outside the transmit band, transmit is inhibited until the transmit frequency is brought within the band limits by one or more of the following methods:

• Move the receive frequency further inside the band.

The transceiver takes care of setting the required transmit offset automatically when you select a frequency in VFO mode. This function is always active unless the Reverse function is ON {page 51}.

Due to Automatic Offset, a manually assigned offset direction is only effective until the frequency is changed.

■ U.S.A. and Canada Versions

Automatic Offset for the TM-251A sold in these markets is programmed according to the standard ARRL (American Radio Relay League) Band Plan for repeater offset direction. You can override this programming by following the "SELECTING OFFSET

DIRECTION" procedure in the preceding section. Contact your national Amateur Radio association to obtain up-to-date band plans that explain band usage

by mode and activity.

145.5 146.4 147.0 147.6

145.1 146.0 146.6 147.4 I^S.O MHz

S: Simplex

• Reduce the offset amount ("SELECTING OFFSETS MANUALLY" {page 50}).

• Reverse the offset direction.

•

European Versions

SELECTING OFFSET VALUES MANUALLY

The TM-251E Automatic Offset is programmed as follows:

145.600 145.800

MHz

S: Simplex

If you need to use a non-standard offset for any reasonil

a value can be selected from Menu A as follows:

1 Press [F] (1 s) to enter Menu A.

2 Select" - +" {page 22}.

• " - +" begins blinking and the current offset value] appears.

/ 7n N • w

SaRF 1357» OVER

-dlZIB-

/ / I \ \

3 Select an offset value.

• The available selections include any value up to 40 MHz in steps equal to the current VFO step size.

• Default: d

(d: TM-251A/E: 600 kHz, TM-451A: 5 MHz,

TM-451E: 1.6 MHz)

4 Exit Menu A.

REVERSE FUNCTION

TONE ACCESS

Each press of [REV] switches the receive frequency and the transmit frequency. When used while monitoring a repeater, it’s possible to check the signal strength of a station accessing the repeater. If the station’s signal is strong, it’s best to move to a simplex frequency to continue the contact and free-up the repeater.

REV -

i n

t I f.LI

MRF 1 ) • 7 • OVSR

I u

• If reversal would place the receive frequency outside

the receive frequency range, an error beep sounds when [REV] is pressed. No reversal occurs.

• If the transmit frequency would go out of the transmit

frequency range if [PTT] were pressed, then pressing

[PTT] causes an error beep and Receive is selected.

• Reverse cannot be activated while [PTT] is held

down.

• Automatic Offset does not function while Reverse is

ON.

Each press of [TONE/CTCSS] changes the Tone and

CTCSS functions as follows:

No indicator

^ TONE

---------

► CTCSS

No indicator

TONE

CTCSS

Subaudible tone not transmitted and tone squelch not functional.

Subaudible tone transmitted. Subaudible tone transmitted and

tone squelch functional. This indicator does not appear if the CTCSS unit is not installed.

Selecting a Tone Frequency

Often a Tone frequency is required to access repeaters. For example, 88.5 Hz may be needed in

the U.S.A. or Canada, and 1750 Hz is used in Europe.

The Tone frequencies listed below can be selected.

No.

Freq

(Hz) 01 67.0 02

71.9 15

No.

14 107.2 27

Freq

(Hz)

No.

Freq (Hz)

167.9

110.9 28 173.8

The following procedure allows you to select any of the available tones.

1 Press [F], [TONE/CTCSS].

• "TONE" blinks and the current Tone frequency appears.

.? 10

O Or

O Ctb

S«RF 1 3 S 7 • OVER

\ \ \ I /

-TONE

/ / n ^

03 04 05

74.4

77.0

79.7 06 82.5 07 85.4 08 88.5 09 10

11 12 13

^TM-25lEn'M-451E only

91.5

94.8 23

97.4

100.0

103.5 26

16 17

114.8

118.8 30

29 179.9

186.2

18 123.0 31 192.8

19 127.3 20 21 22

131.8

136.5

141.3 35

146.2 24 151.4 37 25

156.7

162.2

32 33 34

203.5

210.7

218.1

225.7

36 233.6

241.8

38 250.3

(39)^ (1750)

2 Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone

[UP]/[DWN], to select a Tone frequency.

3 Press any button to store the frequency and return

to the previous mode.

European Versions

To send 1750 Hz, "1750" must first be selected from the Tone frequency list by using the "Selecting a Tone Frequency" {page 52} procedure.

A 1750 Hz Tone is then transmitted by pressing

[TONE/CTCSS] or microphone [PF]. If you prefer, this function can be assigned to other microphone keys. See "Configuring the PF Keys" (page 70}. Also, if CTCSS is ON, 1750 Hz cannot be selected {page 74}.

Transmit Hold for sending the 1750 Hz repeater access tone can be enabled via Menu B.

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B. 2 Select Menu No. 54 {page 24}.

• The current 1750 Hz Hold status appears.

/VS? iO

C fJ

Jt 1

ГТТа7И1

n c c

Ln f

MRF

1 S ■ 7 » OVER

3 Select a status.

• OFF: 1750 Hz sent only as long as [TONE/CTCSS] is pressed.

• ON : 1750 Hz sent for 2 seconds continuously.

• Default: OFF

4 Exit Menu B.

Note: If the Tone function is assigned to microphone [PF], then [PF] functions the same as [TONE/CTCSS].

AUTOPATCH (U.S.A. and Canada Versions)

Some repeaters offer a service called Autopatch. This feature allows you to dial a telephone number from your transceiver and carry on a telephone conversation. This repeater function cannot be used for commercial transactions, but it can save lives when used appropriately during emergencies.

Autopatch requires the use of a DTMF (Dual Tone Multi-

Frequency) keypad on your microphone. The keypad includes the 12 keys found on a push-button telephone plus an additional 4 keys (A, B, C, D). These additional

keys are required for various control operations by some

repeater systems.

■ Activating the Microphone Keypad

1 Press and hold [PTT].

2 Press the numeric keys on the keypad in sequence

to send DTMF tones.

DTMF Tones

Freq

(Hz)

697 770 852 941

Note: Some repeaters require a special key sequence to activate

Autopatch. Check with the control operator.

1209 1336 1477

1 2 4

7 8 *

0 #

3 6 9

1633

A В C D

DUAL TONE MULTI-FREQUENCY (DTMF) MEMORY

The following DTMF functions require an MC-45DM/DME

DTMF microphone or a TH-7 transceiver.

•*RF

/VS?

1 a • T • OVER Lf ^

1 .M ^ à’ i • 1

c c

■ Making DTMF Calls

To make a DTMF call, hold down the microphone

[PTT] and press [0] to [9], [A], [B], [C], [D], [*], or

[#1.

• The microphone is muted and the corresponding DTMF tones are transmitted.

• If two keys are pressed, only the tone combination

for the key pressed first is sent.

■ Storing DTMF Numbers

Be aware that audible DTMF tones from other

transceivers near you may be picked up by your

MC-45DM/DME or TH-7 microphone element. If so, this could prevent the following function from working correctly. To store a DTMF number up to a maximum of 15 digits in any of 10 dedicated DTMF memories, follow the procedure below:

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B. 2 Select Menu No. 65 {page 24}. 3 Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone

[UP]/[DWN], to select "P---------".

4 Enter the digits of the number to be stored using

the keypad.

• If you enter an incorrect digit, press microphone [CALL] to erase all digits entered, and start again.

• The non-numeric keys are displayed as follows: [A]: A, [B]: b, [C]: C, [D]: d, [*]: E, [#]: F

5 Press microphone [PF].

• The last 3 digits entered are visible.

» V-ti tu

r# •

^ C LI U

mnr 1 a • 7 ■ OVER U

It^l

c c

6 Press a single key [0] to [9] to store the number i

a DTMF memory.

• The Display reverts to "P

---------

’’ again ready for

the next DTMF number to be stored.

7 Exit Menu B.

Confirming Stored DTMF Numbers

Transmitting Stored DTMF Numbers

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B. 2 Select Menu No. 65 {page 24}. 3 Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone

[UP]/[DWN], to select "P

----------

4 Press microphone [CALL].

• "

--------

" disappears.

*».« C T» * n

( t jLi tU

I.Mat’HI

URF

1 S • 7 • OVER

r r

LI .f

5 Press a single key [0] to [9] to recall the DTMF

memory containing the number to confirm.

6 Exit Menu B.

To transmit a stored DTMF number, follow the

procedure below: 1 Press [PTT] + [PF].

• "P" appears.

2 Press a single key [0] to [9] to recall the DTMF

memory containing the number to transmit.

SCAN

Scan is a useful feature for hands-off monitoring of your favorite frequencies. After becoming comfortable with how to use all types of Scan, the monitoring flexibility gained will increase your operating efficiency.

This transceiver provides 5 types of Scan as follows:

Scan Type

Purpose

Memory Scan Quick activity update of your favorite

frequencies.

Band Scan

Programmable

Band Scan

CallA/FO Scan

General update on band activity. Similar to Band Scan except over a

narrower segment of the band. Monitor the Call channel plus any VFO

frequency.

Call/Memory

Scan

Monitor the Call channel plus your favorite frequency.

Note:

► Remember to adjust the squelch threshold level {page 28}

before using Scan.

► Always turn OFF Tone Alert {page 86), Monitor {page 70), and

Page {page 79} before using Scan.

► When using S-meter Squelch, Scan stops when the received

signal strength matches or exceeds the S-meter setting. Scan resumes 2 seconds after the signal level drops below the S-meter setting.

► For CTCSS operation {page 74}, Scan stops and the squelch

opens only for signals that contain the same CTCSS tone that is stored in your transceiver.

► For DTSS operation {page 75}, Scan stops for any signal

received; however, the squelch opens only for signals that contain the same DTSS code that is stored in your transceiver.

► When both CTCSS and DTSS are ON, Scan stops for signals th

contain the matching CTCSS tone. However, the squelch open, only when the matching DTSS code is received.

SCAN RESUME METHODS

SELECTING SCAN RESUME METHOD

Before using Scan, it’s necessary to decide under what condition you want your transceiver to continue scanning after detecting and stopping for a signal. You can choose Time-operated Scan or Carrier-operated Scan. The default is Time-operated Scan.

■ Time-Operated Scan

Your transceiver stops scanning after detecting a signal, remains there for approximately 5 seconds, and then continues to scan even if the signal is still

present.

■ Carrier-Operated Scan

Your transceiver stops scanning after detecting a

signal and remains on the same frequency until the signal drops out. There is a 2 second delay between signal drop-out and scan resumption to allow time for any responding stations to begin transmitting.

Note:

Turning the Tuning control clockwise or pressing microphone

[UP] after a signal that has stopped Scan clears, causes scanning to resume immediately upward.

Turning the Tuning control counterclockwise, or pressing microphone [OWN] after a signal that has stopped Scan clears, causes scanning to resume immediately downward.

Use the following procedure to switch your transceiver

between Time-operated Scan and Carrier-operated Scan.

1 Press [F] (1 s) to enter Menu A.

2 Select "CO" {page 22}.

• "CO" begins blinking and the current CO selection appears.

-laaiiH-

\ I /

- CO — / I \

L U

1 S ■ 7 • OVER

/ /1 \ s

3 Select a Scan Resume method.

• The available selections are CO (carrier-operated) or TO (time-operated).

• Default: TO

4 Exit Menu A.

• "CO" remains ON if Carrier-operated Scan was

selected.

MEMORY SCAN

Locking-Out Memory Channels

Memory Scan allows all memory channels containing data to be scanned regardless from which band the frequencies were stored.

1 Press [MR] (1 s).

• Scan starts with the channel last recalled, then scans through the memory channels in the same direction last used for scanning.

• The default direction is downward through the channels.

2 To reverse the scan direction, turn the Tuning control

or press microphone [UP]/[DWN].

Upward scan:

Turn Tuning clockwise, or

Press microphone [UP].

• Downward scan: Turn Tuning counterclockwise, or

Press microphone [DWN].

3 To cancel Memory Scan, press any key excluding the

microphone keypad keys.

Note: At least 2 or more memory channels must contain data for scan to function. Also, the squelch must be closed for Scan to function (page 28}.

Memory channels that you prefer not to monitor while scanning can be locked-out. Lock-out any memory channel with the following procedure:

1 Press [MR] to select Memory Recall.

2 Select the memory channel to be locked-out using

the Tuning control or microphone [UP]/[DWN].

3 Press [LOW] (1 s) to lock-out the selected

channel.

• A "star" icon appears above the memory channel number to indicate the channel has been locked-out.

• By default, all memory channels are not locked out.

Lock-out for an individual channel can be canceled by repeating the above procedure.

BAND SCAN

Band Scan allows you to scan all frequencies from the lowest frequency to the highest frequency on each band that your transceiver is capable of receiving. The currently selected frequency step size for each band is

used. 1 Press [VFO] to select VFO mode. 2 Select the band that you want to scan by pressing

[F], [REV].

5 To cancel Band Scan, press any key excluding the

microphone DTMF keypad keys.

PROGRAMMABLE BAND SCAN

This type of scan is similar to Band Scan except the programmable aspect allows you to set scan limits within the bands that can be selected by the transceiver.

■ Setting Scan Limits

3 Press [VFO] (1 s), and Scan starts at the frequency

currently displayed.

• The decimal starts blinking to indicate scanning is in progress.

• The scan direction is the same as last used.

• The default direction is downward in frequency.

4 To reverse the scan direction, turn the Tuning control,

or press microphone [UP]/[DWN].

• Upward scan : Turn Tuning clockwise, or press

• Downward scan: Turn Tuning counterclockwise, or

microphone [UP].

press microphone [DWN].

1 Press [VFO] to select VFO mode.

2 Select the band on which you want to set the Band

Scan limits by pressing [F], [REV].

3 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B, then

select Menu No. 61 {page 24}.

♦ The current upper limit appears.

4 Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone [UP]

or [DWN], to select the desired upper limit.

C n

«MF 1 1 • 7 • OVER

u t

5 Select Menu B, No. 60.

• The current lower limit appears.

6 Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone [UP]

or [DWN], to select the desired lower limit.

<,|C inn

/V-l. lU u ^ ,

I 3 • 7 • OVER

» I

U LI

7 Exit Menu B.

Note:

► The upper limit is set first above; however, either lower or upper

limit may be set first provided the upper limit is placed in Menu B, No. 61 and the lower limit is placed in Menu B, No. 60.

► The lower limit must be lower in frequency than the upper limit. ► To reset the limits to their default values, you can do a Partial or

Full Reset {page 46}.

m Using Programmable Band Scan

1 Select a frequency between the programmed scan

limits. You may also choose a frequency equal to one of the limits.

• If you select a frequency that is outside the programmed scan limits, the transceiver will start Band Scan automatically instead of Programmable Band Scan.

2 Press [VFO] (1 s), and Scan starts at the

frequency currently displayed.

• The decimal starts blinking to indicate scanning is in progress.

• The scan direction is the same as last used.

• The default direction is downward in frequency.

3 To reverse the scan direction, turn the Tuning

control, or press microphone [UP]/[DWN].

• Upward scan: Turn Tuning clockwise, or press microphone [UP].

• Downward scan: Turn Tuning counterclockwise,

or press microphone [DWN].

4 To cancel Programmable Band Scan, press any key

excluding the microphone DTMF keypad keys.

Note: Squelch must be closed for Scan to function {page 28).

CALL/VFO SCAN

CALL/MEMORY SCAN

Use CallA/FO scan to monitor both the Call channel and the current VFO frequency.

1 Press [VFO].

2 Press microphone [CALL] (1 s).

3 To cancel CallA/FO Scan, press any key other than

the microphone DTMF keypad keys.

Use Call/Memory Scan to monitor both the Call channel

and the memory channel last used.

1 Press [MR].

2 Press microphone [CALL] (1 s).

3 To cancel Call/Memory Scan, press any key other

than the microphone DTMF keypad keys.

AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS

LOCK

Occasionally, you may want to lock the buttons, keys and the Tuning control to prevent accidentally changing any transceiver settings. This transceiver has 2 lock functions for this purpose.

■ Transceiver Lock

Press [F], [LOW].

• "LOCK" appears when the Transceiver Lock function is ON.

• Each time this key combination is pressed, the

buttons on the transceiver except [PWR] toggle between locked and unlocked.

LOCK

*’-/ I.J» Jr u

) S ■ 7 t OVER

The following buttons and controls on the transceiver function normally even when Transceiver Lock is ON:

• [F]

• [PWR]

• VOL control

• SQL control

Microphone Lock

Slide the Lock switch on the rear of the microphone to "LOCK".

• Slide the Lock switch back to the original position when you want to disable Microphone Lock.

• The DTMF keypad and [PTT] function normally even when Microphone Lock is ON.

AUTOMATIC POWER OFF (APO)

After a programmable time period elapses with no key entries, APO turns OFF the power; however, 1 minute

before the power turns OFF, "APO" starts blinking and a series of warning tones sound.

If the squelch opens or any keys are pressed during the time period while APO is ON, the timer resets. When the squelch closes or key entry stops, the timer begins

counting again from 0. When Tone Alert is switched ON

{page 86}, APO still turns OFF the power if no key entry

is made for 24 hours.

Activate APO by using the following procedure:

1 Press [F] (1 s) to enter Menu A.

2 Select "APO" (page 22}.

• "APO" starts blinking and the current APO status appears.

4 Exit Menu A.

• "APO" remains ON if a timer value was selected.

To restore power after APO has been activated, press

[PWR] twice.

Note:

► APO cannot be turned OFF if the Display Dimmer is OFF. ► Switching OFF the Dimmer while APO is OFF causes APO to be

set to 180 minutes. If APO was set for 60 or 120 minutes, the current APO setting remains in effect.

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3 Select a timer value.

• The available selections are OFF, 60, 120, and 180 minutes.

• Default: OFF

BEEP TONE

The transceiver beeps each time you press a button or key. Also, pressing [PTT] generates a beep any time transmission is not possible on the frequency selected. For example, the transceiver beeps when [PTT] is pressed while the Sub-band is selected or while a transmit offset is selected that places the transmit frequency outside the transceiver’s transmit band. Beep volume can be varied by turning the VOL control.

If you prefer, you can cancel Beep for silent operation.

1 Press [F] (1 s) to enter Menu A.

2 Select "BEEP" {page 22}.

• "BEEP" starts blinking and the current Beep status appears.

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3 Select a status.

• OFF: Disables Beep.

• ON: Enables Beep.

• Default: ON

4 Exit Menu A.

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DISPLAY DIMMER

The Display illumination can be varied to suit the lighting conditions where you are operating. Select the brightness level that provides the best Display visibility.

If the Display Dimmer is switched OFF, APO switches ON automatically with a timer value of 180 minutes (3 hours). After this time passes, the power is switched OFF. Switching ON the transceiver again restores the default brightness of "d2".

1 Press [F] (1 s) to enter Menu A. 2 Select "DIM" (page 22}.

• "DIM" starts blinking and the current Dimmer level appears.

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3 Select a level.

• The available selections are d1, d2, d3, d4, and OFF in descending order of brightness.

• Default: d2

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4 Exit Menu A.

DISPLAY MODE

1 Press [F] (1 s) to enter Menu A.

While using Tone/CTCSS, DTSS or Page, there are several options available for ho\w information appears on the Main Display and the smaller Sub-display. Review the following chart to decide the arrangement you prefer, then select your choice from Menu A.

Menu A

Selection

Main Display

OFF • Operating frequency

Sub 1

• Operating frequency • Tone/CTCSS

Sub-display

OFF

frequency or

• DTSS code or

• Page code

Sub 2

• Tone/CTCSS frequency or

• Operating frequency^

• DTSS code or

• Page code

^ If Tone/CTCSS, DTSS, and Page are OFF. the operating

frequency appears on the Main Display.

Note: Both Display mode and Full Duplex {page 91} cannot be activated at the same time.

2 Select the Display mode {page 22}.

• The current Display status appears.

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3 Select your choice for the Display mode.

• The available selections are OFF, Sub-display 1, and Sub-display 2.

• Default: OFF 4 Exit Menu A. If using more than 1 of the 3 functions (Tone/CTCSS,

DTSS, Page), the function activated last will have its parameter displayed when using Sub 1 or Sub 2 mode.

For example while using Sub 2, if Tone is switched ON

followed by DTSS, the current DTSS code will appear on the Main Display and the operating frequency will appear

on the Sub-display. The Tone frequency would not be visible. To display the Tone frequency on the Main

Display, disable Tone then re-enable Tone. This action

effectively makes Tone the last function selected. The

DTSS code will not be visible now.

Note:

► If using Sub 2 while Tone is ON, the ToneJCTCSS frequency must

be selected by turning the Tuning control or pressing microphone [UP]J[DWNJ. You cannot select a new Tone/CTCSS frequency by using [F], [TONE/CTCSS].

► To change the operating frequency while using Sub 2, first press

[VFO], or switch OFF the Tone/CTCSS and DTSS/Page functions before attempting to change the frequency.

► If Sub 1 or Sub 2 is selected after both Tone/CTCSS and

Page/DTSS are ON, the Page/DTSS code is given priority. In this case, press [TONE/CTCSS] to switch Tone OFF and then ON again before attempting to change the Tone/CTCSS frequency.

^ When using Sub 2 with Page ON, you can change the Page

Memory after pressing [F], [DTSS]. When the small “P" begins blinking, use the Tuning control or microphone [UP]/[DWN] to change the Page memory. To lock-out the selected Page memory, press [MR] or microphone [MR]. Pressing any key other than Front Panel [MR] or microphone [UP]/[DWN]/[MR], or simply waiting for 10 seconds, finalizes the new Page memory selection.

DISPLAY DEMONSTRATION MODE

Initiating the Display Demonstration mode causes the

following sequence to start:

• The normal Display appears with maximum illumination after power is switched ON.

• Ten seconds after power ON, all Display segments

light, then the segments randomly disappear segment by segment until the Display is blank.

• .A series of 3 different messages appear with each

message blinking on the Display for about 10 seconds.

This cycle repeats until the Display Demonstration mode is deactivated. The transceiver can be used in the demonstration mode, if desired. Using any buttons or controls restores the normal Display immediately. If there is no button or key entry, or Tuning control

adjustment, for more than 10 seconds, the transceiver reverts back to the Display Demonstration mode.

Note: To exit from this mode requires either a Partial Reset or Full

Reset {page 46}. Switching OFF the transceiver power does not cancel the mode. Also, this mode cannot be used with Channel Display (page 45).

Press [DTSS] + POWER ON to activate Display

Demonstration mode.

REMOTE CONTROL

This feature allows numerous transceiver functions to be changed conveniently from a microphone such as the MC-45DM or MC-45DME without using the Front Panel buttons or controls. These microphones are equipped with a DTMF keypad that is used in conjunction with other keys and buttons on the microphone to generate the commands that control the transceiver.

Alternatively, the TH-7 Dual Bander can be used as the controlling mechanism in place of a keypad-equipped

microphone. The TH-7 is a compact, handy FM transceiver available in some areas only. Be aware that audible DTMF tones from other transceivers near you

may be picked up by your MC-45DM/45DME or TH-7

microphone element. If so, this could prevent the following functions from working correctly.

Note:

y Connecting an external unit such as the TH-7 causes your

transceiver to switch to EXT control mode. Disconnecting the external unit causes the transceiver to return to Microphone Remote Control.

y U.S.A. Version only: It is not legal to transmit control codes on

the 144 MHz band. Transmit control codes only on the 440 MHz band.

Menu B

No. 50

OFF

Receive Mode

Turns OFF Remote Control.

Allows Remote Control of the Front Panel. [A] is the ENTER key;

• VFO mode —»• Direct digit-by-digit frequency entry

• Memory Recall Channel number entry

Transmit Mode

Allows DTMF tone transmission:

1 Press

[PTT]-h[PF].

2 Enter DTMF

memory number.

Turning the Remote Control function ON causes the Meter scale to blink.

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B.

2 Select Menu No. 50 {page 24}.

• The current Remote Control status appears. ttjijOC >■*

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REMOTE FUNCTIONS USING MC-45DM/DME

When your transceiver is configured for Front Panel

Remote Control, the keypad can be used to control the

functions as shown in the accompanying diagram. The keys on the microphone keypad have duplicate

functions of the equivalent buttons on the Front Panel of

the transceiver.

3 Select a status.

• See chart above.

• Default: OFF

4 Exit Menu B.

Note: Remote Control cannot be used if Full Duplex or External Control via a TH-7 is being used.

Note: ► To activate the functions shown in the upper third of each

square in the diagram, press [D] first.

► When VOLUME or SQUELCH are ON, vary the volume and

squelch tiireshold by pressing f *; and [#].

► Both VOLUME and SOUELCH cannot be activated at the same

time. Only one of the 2 functions can be ON at any time.

[F],[KEY]

[KEY]

[KEY](1 s)

[F],[KEY]

[KEY]

[KEY](1 s)

[F],[KEY]

[KEY]

[KEY](1 s)

[F],[KEY]

[KEY]

[KEY](1 s)

Configuring the PF Keys

The Programmable Function (PF) keys are the

horizontal row of 4 keys located on the face of the microphone. These keys are identified as follows:

2 Press the key on the Front Panel that you want to

assign to the microphone PF key pressed in Step 1.

• The Front Panel key is now assigned to the PF key.

Key

Label

General

Key Name

MR PF2

VFO

CALL

Default

Function

PF1

Monitor’ [F]+ POWER ON Memory

Recall

PF3 VFO

Select

PF4 Call

Channel

To Restore

Default

Function

Follow the

procedure below.

Follow the

procedure below.

[SHIFT]+

POWER ON

^TM-251/451E: Tone function If you prefer, other functions can be assigned to the

PF keys:

1 Press one of the following key combinations

depending on which key you want to reassign:

[PF]+ POWER ON, or

Microphone [MR]+ POWER ON, or Microphone [VFO] + POWER ON, or

[CALL] + POWER ON

• "PFI", "PF2", "PF3", or "PF4" appears.

• Also, the Front Panel key will still function normally after "copying" its function to a PF key.

Note:

► The function of the [F] key cannot be assigned using the

above procedure. To assign the [FJ key function to PF1, press [TONE/CTCSS] + POWER ON.

► If you decide to restore a default function, follow "To Restore

Default Function" instructions in the chart for the function that you want to restore, or simply do a Full Reset {page 46}.

► After assigning [SHIFT], [DTSS], or [LOW] to a PF key,

pressing the PF key for more than 1 second starts the Playback, Page, or Lock-out function respectively.

Monitor Function

Monitor allows you to override any squelch systems being used so activity on a frequency can be heard. This is handy to quickly listen to a frequency without actually changing the squelch setting or disabling the squelch system.

Press microphone [PF] to toggle the Monitor function ON and OFF.

REMOTE FUNCTIONS USING TH-7

KEYPAD DIRECT ENTRY

The transceiver can be controlled with the TH-7 simply by connecting the cable supplied with the TH-7 between the transceivers. The TH-7 is also useful as a speakermicrophone for the transceiver. See the TH-7 instruction manual for details. The Remote Control settings in

Menu B, No. 50 do not affect operation of the TH-7.

You can assign the functions of the keys on the transceiver to the PF (Programmable Function) keys on

the TH-7. You can also assign the following key functions;

• Functions of keys, other than [F], [PWR] and the Tuning control.

• Functions initiated by pressing [F], [KEY].

• Functions initiated by pressing [F] + [KEY]. You cannot assign the following key functions:

• Functions initiated by pressing [KEY] (1 s).

• Functions initiated by pressing [KEY]+ POWER ON.

• Microphone key functions When using a TH-7 for Remote Control, switch ON the

Microphone Connector Receive Audio (RD output)

function. This function is controlled via Menu B, No. 58.

The default is ON. The DTMF dialer cannot be used from a TH-7.

The MC-45DM/DME numeric keys can be used to enter

either frequencies or memory channel numbers directly.

For this. Menu B, No. 50 must be set to ON. The key that instructs the transceiver to prepare for direct entry is [A].

• Menu B, No. 50 set to ON -^[A] functions as the ENTER key.

■ Frequency Entry

Entering the desired frequency directly via the keypad can be the fastest way of selecting a different frequency especially when a small frequency step has been selected. If the new frequency is hundreds of kHz or more from the current frequency, and you don’t have the new frequency stored in any memory channels, direct entry may be the quickest way to select your frequency.

1 Press [VFO] to select VFO mode.

2 Press [A].

♦ Microphone [A] is the ENTER key while Menu B,

No. 50 is ON.

• " -" indicators appear. The transceiver is ready to receive frequency digits from the microphone.

10 1 100 10 1

MHz MHz kHz kHz kHz

10 kHz

Key

Frequency

(kHz)

10 kHz

Key

Frequency

(kHz)

3 Press keys [0] to [9] for the frequency you want.

• Enter the digits in order from the most significant down to the least significant.

• Pressing keys other than [0] to [9] or [A] cancels direct entry and restores VFO mode.

• For versions with receiver coverage wider than 10 MHz, the 10 MHz digit must be entered. Otherwise, begin entering from the 1 MHz digit.

• Except for the 1 kHz digit, entering a digit that is outside the allowable range causes the nearest digit within range to be displayed. For the 1 kHz digit, pressing [0] to [4] selects "0" and pressing [5] to [9] selects "5".

• When the current step size is 5 kHz, 10 kHz, 15 kHz, or 20 kHz, enter numeric values down to the 1 kHz digit. Enter either 0 or 5 for the 1 kHz digit.

• When the current step size is 12.5 kHz or 25 kHz, entering the 10 kHz digit completes frequency setting. The 10 kHz and subsequent digits are set according to which key is pressed for the 10 kHz digit as shown in the chart.

0 1 2 3 4

Note:

► If any key other than [0] to [9] or [A] is pressed, or if the next

entry is not made within 10 seconds, the previous frequency

will be restored.

► If [A] is pressed while entering the frequency, the new data is

accepted for the digits entered and the previous data remains unchanged for the digits not yet entered.

► Turning the Tuning control, or pressing microphone

[UP]/[DWN], while entering the frequency cancels the new numeric data entered, and raises or lowers the previously

displayed frequency.

12.5 25

37.5

5 6

7 8 9

62.5 75

87.5

Memory Channel Entry

Memory Channel Entry is similar to Frequency Entry except this function is used when Memory Recall is selected. If you want to choose a memory channel quickly without scrolling through many other channels, this is the method to use.

1 Press [MR] to select Memory Recall.

3 Enter a memory channel from 1 to 40 ([0], [1] to

[4], [0]).

• Pressing keys other than [0] to [9] or [A]

cancels direct entry and restores Memory Recall.

• If your transceiver is equipped with an optional ME-1 Expansion Unit, input 3 digits for the memory channel number.

2 Press [A].

• Microphone [A] is the ENTER key while Menu B, No. 50 is ON.

• appears indicating the transceiver is ready

to receive memory channel digits from the

microphone.

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The transceiver automatically switches to the new memory channel after entry of the last digit.

CONTINUOUS TONE CODED SQUELCH SYSTEM (CTCSS)

The CTCSS feature is available only when the TSU-8 CTCSS unit is installed.

CTCSS functions by using subaudible tones that are superimposed by a transmitter on a transmitted signal to control a receiver’s squelch. When used in combination with the noise squelch, CTCSS provides a simple

method to selectively choose which stations will be heard. This transceiver offers a total of 38 standardized CTCSS frequencies.

Monitoring is less tiring when using CTCSS since you hear only those stations on a particular frequency that

are transmitting the CTCSS tone that you have selected.

SELECTING CTCSS FREQUENCIES

Refer to the chart of frequencies available and the procedure for selecting the desired frequency on page 52.

USING CTCSS

To switch ON CTCSS, repeatedly press [TONE/CTCSS] until "CTCSS" appears on the Display. Each press of

[TONE/CTCSS] changes the Display as below:

No indicator -► TONE

No indicator

TONE

CTCSS

Subaudible tone not transmitted and tone squelch not functional.

Subaudible tone transmitted. Subaudible tone transmitted and

tone squelch functional. This indicator does not appear if the CTCSS unit is not installed.

Note:

When using DTSS or Page with CTCSS, the squelch opens only if

►

the correct CTCSS tone is received and the received DTSS or Page code matches the code stored in your transceiver.

If CTCSS and Tone Alert are ON, there is no speaker output except the alarm tone even if a signal is received with the correct CTCSS frequency.

-► CTCSS

DUAL TONE SQUELCH SYSTEM (DTSS)

DTSS provides a more refined method than CTCSS to selectively communicate with specific stations. A total of

1000 3-digit DTMF (Dual Tone Multi-Frequency) codes are available to be used as addresses for stations with which you want to communicate. These codes can be changed easily and regularly as required. Due to the quantity of different codes, large networks can be set up that use DTSS for selective calling and receiving. By

including group codes in the network plan, sub-groups

within the network can be contacted without disturbing

others monitoring the same frequency.

If your needs are simpler, DTSS also serves a useful

purpose when you only want direct communication with a

few close friends on your favorite frequency. A good

example of this application is at Hamventions when a

particular frequency can be virtually unusable due to

overcrowding. If your group switches ON DTSS, your

squelch only opens when a call is received encoded with

the same code that is stored in your transceiver. If no

signal is received for more than 2 seconds after DTSS

has opened the squelch, the squelch then closes.

Anytime you want to monitor all activity on the channel,

you simply switch OFF DTSS.

ACTIVATING DTSS

To switch ON DTSS, press [DTSS].

• "DTSS" appears when DTSS is ON.

• Each press of [DTSS] toggles the DTSS function ON and OFF.

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Pressing [PTT] automatically sends your DTSS code. Pressing [DTSS] while [PTT] is held down, resends your code with the exception of European versions using the Tone function.

Note:

► When [DTSS] is pressed with Page ON, Page is automatically

switched OFF, and DTSS is switched ON.

► Both DTSS status and a DTSS code can be stored in a memory

channel or the Call channel. Further, when recalling either a memory channel or the Call channel with DTSS status ON while using the VFO with Page switched ON, Page is given priority and the DTSS status switches OFF.

► The microphone is inhibited while the DTSS code is transmitted. ► If DTSS and Tone Alert are ON, there is no speaker output

except the alarm tone even if a signal is received with the correct DTSS code.

STORING DTSS CODES

You can store a DTSS code from 000 to 999 by using the Tuning control or the microphone. Be aware that audible DTMF tones from other transceivers near you may be picked up by your MC-45DM/DME or TH-7 microphone element. If so, this could prevent the following function from working correctly.

1 Press [VFO] to select VFO mode.

2 Press [DTSS] to turn ON DTSS.

• "DTSS" appears.

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3 Press [F], [DTSS] to activate Code Select.

• "C" and "DTSS" start blinking.

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• Alternatively, if your microphone is equipped with a DTMF keypad, the DTSS code also can be entered

by using the keypad numeric keys. Press the 3 numeric keys in sequence for the code you want and ignore Step 5.

5 Press [DTSS].

• The VFO mode is restored.

Note: If you press keys other than the microphone DTMF numeric keys, or if you do not make the entry in Step 4 within 10 seconds, the VFO mode is restored. Digits already entered will be stored.

DTSS AND REPEATERS

Pressing [PTT] transmits the DTSS signal after a short delay. This delay helps avoid losing DTSS data when using repeaters with long response times that may miss receiving a portion of the DTSS code.

The delay time is 350 ms during simplex operation. When using a transmit offset or a split frequency, you

can change 350 ms (default) to 550 ms. 1 Press [REV]+ POWER ON to enter Menu B.

4 Select a 3-digit number for the DTSS code by turning

the Tuning control or by pressing microphone [UP]/[DWN].

2 Select Menu No. 53 {page 24}.

• The current Delay Time appears.

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3 Select a time value.

• The times available are 350 or 550 ms.

• Default: 350 ms

4 Exit Menu B.

Note:

► DTSS cannot be used with some repeaters.

y The delay time selected using Menu No. 53 also applies to

Message Playback Control.

MESSAGE PLAYBACK CONTROL VIA DTSS

Message Playback Control is available only on U.S.A.,

Canada, some European, and some General versions.

Check with your local KENWOOD dealer for specific information. This useful function allows you to send a specific pre-programmed DTSS code to your transceiver

that triggers the transceiver to switch to Transmit and

playback the contents Of its message memory. Wherever you are, as long as you can transmit a signal that can be received by your transceiver that has the

Message Playback Control function enabled, you can

retrieve your messages. Refer to "MESSAGE

RECORDING" {page 88} for more information on the

record/playback functions.

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B.

2 Select Menu No. 72 {page 24}.

• The current Message Playback Control status appears.

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Select a status.

• OFF: DTSS code will not initiate message memory playback.

• ON: Message Playback is possible by sending correct DTSS code.

• Default: OFF

Exit Menu B.

Setting Message Playback DTSS Code

This procedure allows you to change the default DTSS code required to use the Message Playback

function,

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B. 2 Select Menu No. 73 {page 24}.

• The current Message Playback DTSS code appears.

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3 Select a code using the Tuning control or the

microphone [UP]/[DWN] buttons.

•

• Alternatively, if your microphone is equipped with a DTMF keypad, the DTSS code also can be entered by using the keypad numeric keys. Press the 3 numeric keys in sequence for the code you want.

• Default: 919

4 Exit Menu B,

Note: If the Message Playback DTSS code is the same as the DTSS code for operating, the Message Playback code is given priority. However, if the same codes are set and the Message Playback

function is switched OFF, the operating DTSS code is given priority.

PAGE

OVERVIEW

Similar to DTSS, Page uses DTMF codes to address a

single station or a group of stations. Page is useful

when waiting to receive a call from a specific station. A common Group Page code and individual Station codes should be agreed on in advance. You can select codes from the range 000 to 999 inclusive.

Unlike DTSS, Page offers the added benefit of identifying who called you. The calling station’s code appears on the target transceiver’s display. If called with an individual Station code, that station’s code appears; if called with a Group code, the Group code appears. This characteristic of Page helps reduce the activity level on a frequency when operators are temporarily absent from their stations. There is no longer a need for repeated

calls when your target station is not listening. On return to his or her operating position, their transceiver display will show your Station code. They will know immediately that you called.

PAGE CODE MEMORY

The transceiver has 11 Page code memories in total.

A 0

1 to 9

Stores your Station code. Stores the calling station’s code. The

transceiver automatically stores this code while in Receive. You also can use the stored code to respond to the other station.

Stores Group codes or Station codes that you want to call.

STORING PAGE CODES

Be aware that audible DTMF tones from other

transceivers near you may be picked up by your

MC-45DM/DME or TH-7 microphone element. If so, this could prevent the following function from working correctly. To save the desired Page codes, use the

following procedure:

1 Press [DTSS] (1 s) to switch ON Page.

• "PAG" appears when the Page function is ON.

2 Press [F], [DTSS] to activate Code Select.

• "P zzz" appears where "zzz" is the code stored in the currently selected memory. " codes have been stored previously.

• The small Page memory "P" and "PAG" start blinking. The number following the blinking "P" is the Page code memory number ranging from 0 to 9, and A.

--------

" indicates no

Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone [UP]/[DWN], to select Page memory A.

• Alternatively, if your microphone is equipped with a DTMF keypad, the Page memory can be entered by

using the keypad numeric keys including [A]. After entering the Page memory, the Page code stored in that memory appears. "

-------

" appears when no

code is stored. Jump to Step 5 below.

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— PAG-

4 Press [DTSS].

• Pressing [DTSS] shifts the transceiver between

Page code entry and

Page code memory number

modes.

• The large Page code "P" and "PAG" start blinking. Select a 3-digit number (000 to 999) for your Station

code by turning the Tuning control or by pressing microphone [UP]/[DWN].

• Alternatively, if your microphone is equipped with a DTMF keypad, the Page code also can be entered by using the keypad numeric keys. Press the 3 numeric keys in sequence for the code you want. Jump to step 7 below.

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Press [DTSS].

• This stores your Station code in Page memory A. Select Page memory 1 to 9 by turning the Tuning

control, or by pressing microphone [UP]/[DWN].

• Alternatively, the keypad may be used as in Step 3.

Jump to Step 9.

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Press [DTSS]. Select the 3-digit Group code or Station code that

you want to program,

• Again, the Tuning control or microphone can be

used to enter the code as in Step 5. Press [DTSS].

• The keypad can be used as in Step 5.

• To store additional Group or Station codes, repeat

Steps 7 to 9.

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10 To restore the Display, press any button except

[MR], [DTSS], microphone [UP]/[DWN], or the microphone numeric keys.

You can use the Group code or Station code immediately that was stored or selected last.

CALLING

6 Press and hold [PTT].

1 Tune to the prearranged frequency.

2 Press [DTSS] (1 s).

• "PAG" appears.

• Repeating this step toggles the Page function ON and OFF.

3 Press [F], [DTSS] to select Code Select.

• The small Page memory "P" and "PAG" start blinking.

4 Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone

[UP]/[DWN], to select the Page memory where the

desired Group code or Station code has been stored.

• Alternatively, if your microphone is equipped with a

DTMF keypad, the Page memory also can be entered by using the keypad numeric keys. Press

the numeric key for the memory you want.

•

• If you have not stored the desired Page code in a

memory from 1 to 9, select memory 0 and store the Page code at this time.

5 To restore the Display, press any button except [MR]

or [DTSS].

• The Group code (or Station code) and your Station code are transmitted.

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Pressing [PTT] automatically sends the Page data;

however, pressing [DTSS] while [PTT] is held down,

resends the data with the exception of European

versions using the Tone function.

Note:

► When Page is ON, Scan cannot be used. ► When Page is ON. choosing the VFO, the Call channel, or a

memory channel does not affect the Page status. Page remains ON.

► When Page is switched ON while DTSS is ON, DTSS is switched

OFF automatically.

RECEIVING

Receiving a Call with a Group Code

1 Tune to the prearranged frequency.

2 Press [DTSS] (1 s).

• "PAG" appears.

You are ready to receive a call addressed with your Station code or a Group code. If no signal is received for more than 2 seconds after a Page has opened the squelch, the squelch then closes.

■ Receiving a Call with your Station Code

When a signal is received encoded with your Station code, the squelch opens and you hear an alert tone from the speaker. In addition, the Display shows "PO" and the calling station’s code.

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Press [PTT] while "P" is blinking to respond to the

calling party.

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When a signal is received encoded with the correct

Group code, the squelch opens and you hear an alert tone from the speaker. In addition, the Display shows the received Group code and in which memory

(1 to 9) that Group code has been stored.

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Press [PTT] while "P" is blinking to respond to the

calling party.

Note:

"Err" appears on the Display if your transceiver fails to

►

receive the Page code correctly. The microphone is inhibited while the Page code is

transmitted. If Page and Tone Alert are ON, there is no speaker output

except the alarm tone even if a signal is received with the correct Page code.

PAGE ANSWER-BACK

PAGE CODE AND REPEATERS

Page Answer-back is a confirmation signal consisting of your Station code sent by your station back to the station that initiated a Page call. The purpose is to inform the other station that your station received the Page call. Your station only sends the Answer-back signal if the station that paged you used a Page code that matched your Station code or Group code, and you have Page

Answer-back turned ON.

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B. 2 Select Menu No. 71 {page 24}.

• The current Page Answer-back status appears.

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3 Select a status.

• OFF: No answer-back signal sent.

• ON: Answer-back signal sent under conditions described above.

• Default: OFF

4 Exit Menu B.

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Pressing [PTT] transmits the Page code after a short

delay. This delay helps avoid losing Page data when

using repeaters with long response times that may miss

receiving a portion of the Page code. The delay time is 350 ms during simplex operation. When using a transmit offset or a split frequency, you

can change 350 ms (default) to 550 ms.

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B.

2 Select Menu No. 53 {page 24}.

• The current Delay Time appears.

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3 Select a time value.

• The times available are 350 or 550 ms.

• Default: 350 ms

4 Exit Menu B.

Note: Page cannot be used with some repeaters.

LOCKING-OUT CODES

AUTO PAGE CANCEL

The following explains how to inhibit the transceiver from receiving specific Page codes. Although the codes are locked-out from the receiver, the transmitter still transmits a Page on the locked out channels.

1 Press [DTSS] (1 s).

• "PAG" appears.

2 Press [F], [DTSS] to select Code Select.

• The small Page memory "P" and "PAG" start blinking,

3 Turn the Tuning control, or press microphone

[UP]/[DWN], to display the Page code you want to lock-out.

4 Press [MR].

• A "star" icon appears above the number to indicate the channel has been locked-out.

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5 To restore the Display, press any button except [MR]

or [DTSS].

• The lock-out "star" disappears.

Note: You cannot lock-out Page memory 0 or A.

After successfully paging another station, it is useful to turn OFF Page to eliminate sending a Page code each time you transmit. Auto Page Cancel handles this

situation automatically when a station you called responds using the correct Page code to open your transceiver’s squelch. On your next transmission, your transceiver then switches OFF your transceiver’s Page function.

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B.

2 Select Menu No. 51 {page 24}.

• The current Auto Page Cancel status appears.

3 Select a status.

• OFF: Does not affect Page status.

• ON: Switches OFF Page after transmission.

• Default: OFF

4 Exit Menu B.

OPEN PAGE

When both this function and Page are ON, any signal opens the squelch; however, if a correct Page code is received, the calling station’s code appears on the Display. This feature is beneficial when you want to

generally monitor activity on a frequency but you want to

be especially sure not to miss a friend’s call.

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B. 2 Select Menu No. 52 {page 24}.

• The current Open Page status appears.

3 Select a status.

• OFF: Disables Open Page.

• ON: Enables Open Page.

• Default: OFF

4 Exit Menu B.

TONE ALERT

Tone Alert provides an audible alarm to indicate when someone is transmitting on the frequency you are monitoring.

Tone Alert is an effective partner with CTCSS, Page, or DTSS. When the correct signaling comes through, your transceiver beeps to alert you of an incoming call from a specific station.

ACTIVATING TONE ALERT

1 Tune to the prearranged frequency.

2 Activate CTCSS, Page, or DTSS if you want to use

these together with Tone Alert.

3 Press [F], [SHIFT].

• A "Bell" icon appears.

• Each time this key combination is pressed. Tone Alert toggles ON and OFF.

4 When the correct signal is received, the transceiver

rings 3 times, the "bell" icon begins blinking, and the Call Number increments.

• The Display shows the number of minutes and seconds elapsed after the last signal was received. After 59 minutes 59 seconds pass, the Display

changes to 01.00 and continues counting. After 59 hours 59 minutes pass, counting stops. When the next signal is received, the time resets to 00.00 and counting continues. Each time a new signal is received, the time resets to 00.00.

• The Call Number records the number of calls

received to a maximum of 99.

• The alarm tone can be changed if you prefer

{page 87}.

5 When the "bell" icon is blinking, exit Tone Alert by

pressing [PTT].

Note:

► APO turns OFF the power if no key entry is made for 24 hours

even if Tone Alert is ON.

► If Tone Alert is ON, there is no speaker output except the alarm

tone when a signal is received.

► For Tone Alert to function correctly with CTCSS, the incoming

signal must be present for approximately i second.

► Tone Alert cannot be used simultaneously with Message

Playback Control via DTSS {page 77}. Although both functions can be turned ON at the same time, Message Playback Control will not function.

CHANGING THE ALARM TONE

Depending on where your station is installed and the ambient noise at your station location, you may want to change the default alarm signal that sounds when Tone Alert detects an incoming call. You have a choice of 3 alarm signals that may be selected as follows,

1 Press [F] (1 s) to enter Menu A. 2 Select "Bell" {page 22}.

• "Bell" starts blinking and the current alarm selection appears.

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3 Select an alarm signal.

• Bell : 3 telephone-style rings

• Bel 2: 4 high-pitched double tones

• Bel 3: musical tune

• Default: Bel 1

4 Exit Menu A.

MESSAGE RECORDING

Although the Page/Tone Alert combination is useful to keep track of who called you and when, a better idea is to make an audio recording of a caller’s message to you. The Message Record feature serves as a digital answering machine for your on-air activity in the same way tape recorders are commonly used to handle telephone messages.

ACTIVATING THE RECORD FUNCTION

Recording is started by switching ON CTCSS, DTSS, Page, or Tone Alert. When any of these functions are ON, the transceiver starts recording automatically when

the squelch opens.

SELECTING THE RECORDING TIME

Additional flexibility has been provided by allowing you to taylor the total record time for your messages to match your requirements. You also have limited control over the quantity of messages that can be recorded.

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B.

2 Select Menu No. 66 {page 24}.

• The current Record Time appears.

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3 Select a timer value.

• 8 SEC : Two 8 second messages can be recorded.

• 16 SEC: One 16 second message can be recorded.

• Default : 8 SEC

4 Exit Menu B.

Note:

► If the squelch closes within the time selected in Menu B,

recording stops, then the transceiver is on standby to record the

next message when the squelch opens again.

► If the squelch remains open longer than the time selected in

Menu B, recording stops when the maximum time is reached, then the transceiver is on standby to record the next message when the squelch opens again.

SELECTING THE RECORDING MODE

3 Select the mode you prefer.

Sometimes you may want to continuously record the last audio that opened your transceiver squelch. This mode is similar to a tape that records continuously and automatically in an endless loop over previous

messages, saving only the latest message. This method is useful while generally monitoring a frequency so you can hear a repeat of a call sign you may miss the first time.

At other times, you may want to record the first audio that opens your transceiver squelch, then save that

message until you decide to play it back. After playback, the transceiver returns to standby and is then ready to

record again. You may use this method while waiting for a specific call that you don’t want to miss. The following

procedure allows you to select either of the above methods.

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B. 2 Select Menu No. 67 {page 24}.

• The current Recording Mode appears.

• 1; Continuous Record (Records automatically over previous messages.)

• 2: Record and Stop (Records to selected time and number of messages then stops.)

• Default: 1

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4 Exit Menu B.

Note: When you select Continuous mode with 8 seconds Record

Time, the following occurs:

• Message i contains the first message recorded (oldest) and has a duration of 8 seconds.

• Message 2 contains the most recent audio (newest) that opened

the squelch.

PLAYBACK

Playback of the recorded messages always begins with

the newest message first, i.e. the order of playback is

Message 2 followed by Message 1. After playback, the transceiver returns to standby ready to record again when the squelch opens.

Press [SHIFT] (1 s).

• The newest message is played back.

• After a double beep, the oldest message is played

back.

• Repeat this step to hear the messages again or to

interrupt the playback.

Note:

► If the squelch opens during playback, the transceiver starts

recording as soon as playback completes.

► While recording is in progress (squelch is open), playback is not

possible. Attempting playback at this time produces an alarm

beep.

FULL DUPLEX OPERATION

Full Duplex allows you to have relaxed contacts that more closely resemble conversations that you might have with somebody in person. Since each party is

transmitting on a different band, there is no necessity for

either party to turn OFF their transmitter while listening, although it is a good habit to release the microphone PTT to prevent overheating of your transceiver. Each party can speak at any time since simultaneous Transmit

and Receive is possible as if speaking on a telephone.

1 Press IF], [REV] to select the Sub-band, and choose

the receive frequency you intend to use.

• VFO mode must be selected to activate Full Duplex. Memory Recall and the Call channel

cannot be used with Full Duplex.

• Full Duplex cannot be used if the current receive frequency is outside an Amateur band.

2 Press [F] (1 s) to enter Menu A. 3 Select "DUP" {page 22}.

• "DUP" starts blinking and the current DUP status appears.

4 Select a status.

• OFF: Selects Simplex/Half Duplex mode (consecutive Transmit/Receive).

• ON: Selects Full Duplex mode (simultaneous

T ransmit/Receive).

• Default: OFF

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5 Exit Menu A.

• "DUP" remains ON if Full Duplex was selected.

• The receive frequency appears on the Sub-display,

and the transmit frequency appears on the Main

Display.

• The Memory -> VFO Transfer function cannot be

used while Full Duplex is ON.

Settings for CTCSS, DTSS, Page, Shift Offset, or Tone on the Mam Band are unaffected by switching Full

Duplex ON or OFF. The transmit frequency on the Main

Band can be changed by turning the Tuning control, or pressing the microphone [UP] or [DWN] button, only while the Sub-band is receiving and [PTT] is released.

In general, the status of functions on the Display apply to the Main Band and not the Sub-band as long as Full Duplex is selected. That is, the status of functions applies to the Transmit band. One exception is when [F], [REV] is pressed. This allows you to receive on the Main Band as indicated by the Sub-display changing to the same frequency as the Main Band. However, pressing [PTT] immediately restores the Sub-band frequency on the Sub-display.

Certain functions cannot be used if Full Duplex is activated. The following chart identifies these functions:

Non-functional

with Full

Duplex ON

Programmable

Band Scan Limit

Select

Programmable

VFO Limit Select

Page

Ref.

Non-functional

with Full

Duplex ON

Channel Display

Display Mode

Page

Ref.

PACKET OPERATION

One of the most exciting benefits of owning an FM transceiver nowadays is the ability to use it for VHF or UHF Packet radio. TM-251/451 transceivers are ideal, due to their small size, for operating Packet portable from a local mountaintop, for example, even if the transceiver is not permanently mounted as a mobile in your vehicle.

By using a small laptop computer to control any of the widely available Terminal Node Controllers (TNC), and interfacing the TNC to your transceiver via the DATA connector, you may be surprised at how compact and lightweight a digital station can be. Operating Packet while on the road from a campsite or hotel can be a great way to meet others with common interests when in a new area or city. Newcomers to digital communications will be surprised to discover what they have been missing.

Similarly, by connecting a home computer or dumb terminal to your TNC/transceiver assembly, you can become active on Packet with little further monetary investment. Connecting to one of the many stations with gateways to HF or satellite links can give you national and worldwide messaging capability from your station with nothing more than your VHF/UHF transceiver for the communications link.

ENABLING THE DATA CONNECTOR

After connecting the necessary Packet station equipment

as explained in "ACCESSORY CONNECTIONS" on page 9, you must enable the DATA connector and select the correct baud rate before beginning to operate.

1 Press [REV] + POWER ON to enter Menu B.

2 Select Menu No. 57 {page 24}.

• The current DATA connector status appears.

3 Select a status.

• 1200: DATA connector enabled for 1200 bps operation.

• 9600: DATA connector enabled for 9600 bps operation.

• Default: 1200

4 Exit Menu B.

Note: When using 9600 bps, select only 5 kHz, 10 kHz, 15 kHz, or 20 kHz for the frequency step size.

Kenwood TM-451A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

TM-251A/251E

TM-451A/451E

CONVENTIONS FOLLOWED IN THIS MANUAL

MOBILE INSTALLATION

Installation Example

■ Replacing Fuses

MICROPHONE

PACKET EQUIPMENT

DATA Connector Pinout

FRONT PANEL

REAR PANEL

MICROPHONE

DISPLAY

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MENU DESCRIPTION

MENU A ACCESS

MENU A CONFIGURATION

MENU B ACCESS

MENU B CONFIGURATION

REAR PANEL

FRONT PANEL

SWITCHING POWER ON/OFF

VOLUME ADJUST

SQUELCH ADJUST

■ Noise Squelch

BAND SELECT

■ Selecting AM/FM Mode (TM-251A/E only)

VFO MODE

FREQUENCY STEP SIZE

SELECTING OUTPUT POWER

TIME-OUT TIMER (TOT)

INHIBITING TRANSMIT

STORING DATA IN MEMORY

■ Simplex Memory Channels

RECALLING MEMORY CHANNELS

Temporary Frequency Changes

■ Selecting Channels Sequentially

MEMORY VFO TRANSFERS

■ Recalling Call Channel

CHANNEL DISPLAY FUNCTION

Partial reset (VFO)

INITIALIZING MEMORY

■ Full Reset (Memory)

TRANSMIT OFFSETS

■ U.S.A. and Canada Versions

European Versions

■ Activating the Microphone Keypad

DUAL TONE MULTI-FREQUENCY (DTMF) MEMORY

■ Making DTMF Calls

■ Storing DTMF Numbers

Confirming Stored DTMF Numbers

Transmitting Stored DTMF Numbers

SCAN RESUME METHODS

SELECTING SCAN RESUME METHOD

■ Time-Operated Scan

■ Carrier-Operated Scan

PROGRAMMABLE BAND SCAN

■ Setting Scan Limits

LOCK

■ Transceiver Lock

• [F]

Microphone Lock

AUTOMATIC POWER OFF (APO)

REMOTE FUNCTIONS USING MC-45DM/DME

REMOTE FUNCTIONS USING TH-7

■ Frequency Entry

SELECTING CTCSS FREQUENCIES

USING CTCSS

ACTIVATING DTSS

STORING DTSS CODES

DTSS AND REPEATERS

MESSAGE PLAYBACK CONTROL VIA DTSS

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OVERVIEW

PAGE CODE MEMORY

STORING PAGE CODES