I
l
Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176 - TestEquipmentDepot.com
nstruction Manua
Models 7015-S and 7015-C
40-Channel Solid-State Multiplexer Cards
Contains Operating and Servicing Information
7015-901-01 Rev. A / 6-93
WARRANTY
Keithley Instruments, Inc. w
arrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 1 year from
date of shipment.
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.
During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective.
To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio. You
will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service facility.
Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance
of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.
LIMITATION OF W
This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithle
ARRANTY
y’s express written consent, or misuse
of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN
ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.
NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS
OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.
CHINA: Keithley Instruments China • Y
FRANCE: Keithley Instruments SARL • BP 60 • 3 Allée des Garays • 91122 Palaiseau Cédex • 33-1-60-11-51-55 • Fax: 33-1-60-11-77-26
GERMANY: Keithley Instruments GmbH • Landsberger Strasse 65 • D-82110 Germering, Munich • 49-89-8493070 • Fax: 49-89-84930759
GREAT BRITAIN: Keithley Instruments, Ltd. • The Minster • 58 Portman Road • Reading, Berkshire, England RG3 1EA • 44-1189-596469 • Fax: 44-1189-575666
ITALY: Keithley Instruments SRL • Viale S. Gimignano 38 • 20146 Milano • 39-2-48303008 • Fax: 39-2-48302274
NETHERLANDS: Keithley Instruments BV • Avelingen West 49 • 4202 MS Gorinchem • 31-(0)183-635333 • Fax: 31-(0)183-630821
SWITZERLAND: Keithley Instruments SA • Kriesbachstrasse 4 • 8600 Dübendorf • 41-1-8219444 • Fax: 41-1-8203081
TAIWAN: Keithley Instruments Taiwan • 1FL., 85 Po Ai Street • Hsinchu, Taiwan • 886-3-572-9077 • Fax: 886-3-572-9031
uan Chen Xin Building, Room 705 • 12 Yumin Road, Dewai, Madian • Beijing 100029 • 8610-62022886 • Fax: 8610-62022892
1/99
Models 7015-S and 7015-C Instruction Manual
©1993, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
Cleveland, Ohio, U. S. A.
First Printing June 1993
Document Number: 7015-901-01 Rev. A
Manual Print History
The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The
Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are
released between Revisions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately
into the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated
with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page.
Revision A (Document Number 7015-901-01) ...................................................................................June 1993
All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Safety Precautions
The following safety precautions should be observed before using
this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions
may be present.
This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read the operating information
carefully before using the product.
The types of product users are:
Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use
and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is
operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.
Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be
trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with
hazardous live circuits.
Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product
to keep it operating, for example, setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in
the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service
personnel.
Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform
safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.
Users of this product must be protected from electric shock at all
times. The responsible body must ensure that users are prevented
access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases,
connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product
users in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves
from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating
at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of the circuit may be
exposed.
As described in the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) Standard IEC 664, digital multimeter measuring circuits
(e.g., Keithley Models 175A, 199, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2010) are
Installation Category II. All other instruments’ signal terminals are
Installation Category I and must not be connected to mains.
Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits.
They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources.
NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.
Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting
cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks
before each use.
For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any
other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test.
ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge
any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal
changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal
voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures.The
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock
hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V
peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect
that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before
measuring.
Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the
common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground.
Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a
dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being
measured.
The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its
specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the equipment may be impaired.
Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or
switching card.
When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating
for continued protection against fire hazard
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for
measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a
lid interlock.
If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the
wire recommended in the user documentation.
!
The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.
The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal
and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to
avoid personal contact with these voltages.
The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might
result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could
damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.
Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and
all test cables.
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement
components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test
leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals,
may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components
that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as
long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments
to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are
unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a
Keithley Instruments office for information
To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based
cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply
cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill
on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no
case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a
computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper
cleaning/servicing.
Rev. 2/99
Model 7015-C, 7015-S
40-Channel Solid State Multiplexer Cards
MULTIPLEX CONFIGURATION: Four independent 1×10 2-pole
multiplex banks or two independent 1×10 4-pole multiplex banks.
Adjacent banks can be connected together. Jumpers can be removed to
isolate any bank from the backplane.
CONTACT CONFIGURATION: 2-pole Form A (Hi, Lo).
CONNECTOR TYPE:
7015-C: 96-pin male DIN connector.
7015-S: Screw terminal, #16AWG maximum wire size, with .092 inch
O.D. 28 conductors per card maximum. #22AWG typical wire size
with .062 inch O.D. 88 conductors per card maximum.
MAXIMUM SIGNAL LEVEL: 175V peak between any two pins, 34mA
resistive load, 0.3VA max., 1 × 106V•Hz max.
COMMON MODE VOLTAGE: 175V peak, any pin to chassis.
CONTACT TYPE: Solid state switch.
CHANNEL RESISTANCE (per conductor): < 210Ω.
Bank A
H I
Channel 1
LO
Channels 2-9
H I
Channel 10
LO
CONTACT POTENTIAL:
7015-C:<5µV per channel contact pair.
7015-S: <4µV per channel contact pair.
OFFSET CURRENT: < 1nA.
ACTUATION TIME: <500µs.
ISOLATION:
Bank: >109Ω, <25 pF.
Channel to Channel: >109Ω, <50 pF.
Differential: Configured as 1×10: >109Ω, <100pF.
Common Mode: Configured as 1×10: >109Ω, <375pF.
INSERTION LOSS (50Ω Source, 1MΩ Load): <0.1dB below 250kHz,
<3dB below 500kHz.
ENVIRONMENT: Operating: 0° to 50°C, up to 35°C at 80% RH.
Configured as 1×40: >109Ω, <200pF.
Configured as 1×40: >109Ω, <1100pF.
Storage: –25°C to 65°C.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
H I
Output
LO
J
J
H I
Backplane
LO
Banks B-C
Bank D
H I
LO
Channels 2-9
H I
Channel 10
LO
Channel 1
J
J
JJ
H I
Output
LO
J
J
H I
Backplane
LO
Table of Contents
1 General Information
1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Features ................................................................................................................................................................ 1-1
1.3 Warranty information........................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.4 Manual addenda ................................................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.5 Safety symbols and terms .................................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.6 Specifications ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.7 Unpacking and inspection .................................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.7.1 Inspection for damage.................................................................................................................................. 1-2
1.7.2 Shipment contents ........................................................................................................................................ 1-2
1.7.3 Instruction manual........................................................................................................................................ 1-2
1.7.4 Repacking for shipment ...............................................................................................................................1-3
1.8 Optional accessories............................................................................................................................................. 1-3
2 Mutliplexing Basics
2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Basic multiplexer configurations .........................................................................................................................2-1
2.2.1 Multiplexer bank-to-bank jumpers............................................................................................................... 2-2
2.2.2 Backplane jumpers....................................................................................................................................... 2-5
2.3 Typical multiplexer switching schemes ............................................................................................................... 2-6
2.3.1 Single-ended switching ................................................................................................................................ 2-6
2.3.2 Differential switching ..................................................................................................................................2-6
2.3.3 Sensing ......................................................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.4 Multiplexer expansion.......................................................................................................................................... 2-8
2.4.1 Multi-card switching systems ......................................................................................................................2-8
2.4.2 Mainframe multiplexer expansion ...............................................................................................................2-9
i
3 Card Connections & Installation
3.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................3-1
3.2 Handling precautions............................................................................................................................................3-1
3.3 Connections ..........................................................................................................................................................3-1
3.3.1 Bank-to-bank jumpers ..................................................................................................................................3-2
3.3.2 Backplane jumpers .......................................................................................................................................3-3
3.3.3 Screw terminal connector card .....................................................................................................................3-4
3.3.4 Multi-pin (mass termination) connector card ...............................................................................................3-6
3.4 Typical connection schemes...............................................................................................................................3-10
3.4.1 Single card system......................................................................................................................................3-10
3.4.2 Two-card system ........................................................................................................................................3-13
3.4.3 Multiple-card systems ................................................................................................................................3-13
3.4.4 Two-mainframe system ..............................................................................................................................3-13
3.5 Model 7015 installation and removal .................................................................................................................3-18
4 Operation
4.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................4-1
4.2 Maximum signal levels.........................................................................................................................................4-1
4.3 Mainframe control of multiplexer card ................................................................................................................4-1
4.3.1 Channel assignments ....................................................................................................................................4-1
4.3.2 Front panel control .......................................................................................................................................4-3
4.3.3 IEEE-488 bus operation ...............................................................................................................................4-4
4.4 Multiplexer applications.......................................................................................................................................4-5
4.4.1 High-speed scanning ....................................................................................................................................4-5
4.4.2 Resistor testing .............................................................................................................................................4-7
4.4.4 Testing with matrix cards ...........................................................................................................................4-10
4.4.3 Transistor current gain testing ....................................................................................................................4-10
4.5 Measurement considerations ..............................................................................................................................4-12
4.5.1 Thermoelectric potentials ...........................................................................................................................4-12
4.5.2 Channel resistance ......................................................................................................................................4-13
4.5.3 Path isolation ..............................................................................................................................................4-14
4.5.4 Magnetic fields ...........................................................................................................................................4-15
4.5.5 Radio frequency interference .....................................................................................................................4-15
4.5.6 Ground loops ..............................................................................................................................................4-15
4.5.7 Keeping connectors clean...........................................................................................................................4-16
4.5.8 Scanning speed considerations ...................................................................................................................4-16
5 Service Information
5.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................5-1
5.2 Handling and cleaning precautions ......................................................................................................................5-1
5.3 Performance verification .....................................................................................................................................5-2
5.3.1 Environmental conditions.............................................................................................................................5-2
5.3.2 Recommended equipment ............................................................................................................................5-2
5.3.3 Multiplexer card connections .......................................................................................................................5-3
5.3.4 Channel resistance tests................................................................................................................................5-3
5.3.5 Offset current tests........................................................................................................................................5-4
5.3.6 Contact potential tests...................................................................................................................................5-6
5.3.7 Bank and channel-to-channel isolation tests ................................................................................................5-7
5.3.8 Differential and common-mode isolation tests...........................................................................................5-11
ii
5.4 Special handling of static-sensitive devices....................................................................................................... 5-13
5.5 Principles of operation .......................................................................................................................................5-13
5.5.1 Block diagram ............................................................................................................................................ 5-13
5.5.2 ID data circuits ........................................................................................................................................... 5-14
5.5.3 Relay control .............................................................................................................................................. 5-15
5.5.4 Power-on safeguard.................................................................................................................................... 5-15
5.6 Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................................................. 5-16
5.6.1 Troubleshooting equipment .......................................................................................................................5-16
5.6.2 Troubleshooting access .............................................................................................................................. 5-16
5.6.3 Troubleshooting Procedure ........................................................................................................................ 5-16
6 Replaceable Parts
6.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Parts lists .............................................................................................................................................................. 6-1
6.3 Ordering information ........................................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.4 Factory service ..................................................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.5 Component layouts and schematic diagrams .......................................................................................................6-1
iii
×
×
×
List of Illustrations
2 Multiplexing Basics
Figure 2-1 Model 7015 simplified schematic .............................................................................................................. 2-2
Figure 2-2 Four 1
Figure 2-3 Two 1
Figure 2-4 One 1
Figure 2-5 Model 7001/7002 analog backplane .......................................................................................................... 2-5
Figure 2-6 Bank connections to backplane .................................................................................................................. 2-6
Figure 2-8 Differential switching example .................................................................................................................. 2-7
Figure 2-9 Sensing example......................................................................................................................................... 2-7
Figure 2-7 Single-ended switching example................................................................................................................ 2-7
Figure 2-10 Two separate multiplexer systems ............................................................................................................. 2-8
Figure 2-11 Multiplexer input expansion example ........................................................................................................ 2-9
Figure 2-12 Mixed card type example ......................................................................................................................... 2-10
10 multiplexer configuration (jumpers not installed) .................................................................. 2-3
20 multiplexer configuration (jumpers installed) ........................................................................ 2-3
40 multiplexer configuration (jumpers installed) ......................................................................... 2-4
3 Card Connections & Installation
Figure 3-1 Bank-to-bank jumper locations .................................................................................................................. 3-2
Figure 3-2 Bank-to-bank jumper terminal identification............................................................................................. 3-2
Figure 3-3 Bank-to-bank jumper installation............................................................................................................... 3-3
Figure 3-4 Backplane jumpers ..................................................................................................................................... 3-4
Figure 3-5 Model 7015 screw terminal connector card ............................................................................................... 3-4
Figure 3-6 Typical screw terminal connections........................................................................................................... 3-5
Figure 3-7 Cable clamp for screw terminal connector card......................................................................................... 3-5
Figure 3-8 Typical round cable connection techniques ............................................................................................... 3-8
Figure 3-9 Model 7011-MTR connector pinout .......................................................................................................... 3-9
Figure 3-10 Model 7011-KIT-R (with/cable) assembly ................................................................................................ 3-9
Figure 3-11 Single-card system example (multi-pin connector card).......................................................................... 3-11
Figure 3-12 Single card system example (screw terminal connector card) ................................................................. 3-12
Figure 3-13 Two-card system example (multi-pin connector card) ............................................................................ 3-14
Figure 3-14 Two-card system example (screw terminal connector card).................................................................... 3-15
Figure 3-15 Two-mainframe system example (multi-pin connector card) .................................................................. 3-16
Figure 3-16 Two-mainframe system example (screw terminal connector card) ......................................................... 3-17
Figure 3-17 Model 7015 card installation in Model 7001 ........................................................................................... 3-19
Figure 3-18 Model 7015 card installation in Model 7002 ........................................................................................... 3-19
v
4 Operation
Figure 4-1 Channel status display ................................................................................................................................ 4-2
Figure 4-2 Display organization for multiplexer channels........................................................................................... 4-2
Figure 4-3 Model 7015 programming channel assignments ........................................................................................ 4-3
Figure 4-4 High-speed scanning connections............................................................................................................... 4-6
Figure 4-5 Four-wire resistance testing........................................................................................................................ 4-8
Figure 4-6 Low-resistance testing ................................................................................................................................ 4-9
Figure 4-7 Configuration for current gain test ........................................................................................................... 4-11
Figure 4-8 Connecting multiplexer and matrix cards together................................................................................... 4-12
Figure 4-9 Thermoelectric generation ........................................................................................................................ 4-13
Figure 4-10 Channel resistance .................................................................................................................................... 4-13
Figure 4-11 Path isolation resistance............................................................................................................................ 4-14
Figure 4-12 Voltage attenuation by path isolation resistance ...................................................................................... 4-14
Figure 4-13 Power line ground loops ........................................................................................................................... 4-15
Figure 4-14 Eliminating ground loops ......................................................................................................................... 4-16
5 Service Information
Figure 5-1 Path resistance test connections.................................................................................................................. 5-4
Figure 5-2 Differential and common mode offset current test connections................................................................. 5-5
Figure 5-3 Contact potential test connections .............................................................................................................. 5-6
Figure 5-4 Bank isolation test connections .................................................................................................................. 5-7
Figure 5-5 Channel-to-channel isolation test connections ........................................................................................... 5-9
Figure 5-6 Differential isolation test connections ...................................................................................................... 5-11
Figure 5-7 Common-mode isolation test connections................................................................................................ 5-13
Figure 5-8 Model 7015 block diagram....................................................................................................................... 5-14
Figure 5-9 Start and stop sequences ........................................................................................................................... 5-15
Figure 5-10 Transmit and acknowledge sequence ....................................................................................................... 5-15
vi
List of Tables
3 Card Connections & Installation
Table 3-2 Bank-to-bank jumpers (on connector card)................................................................................................. 3-2
Table 3-3 Backplane jumpers (on relay card).............................................................................................................. 3-3
Table 3-6 Multipin card terminal identification ..........................................................................................................3-6
Table 3-7 Mass termination accessories ...................................................................................................................... 3-7
4 Operation
Table 4-7 Paired Channels in 4-pole Operation ..........................................................................................................4-7
5 Service Information
Table 5-2 Verification equipment................................................................................................................................ 5-2
Table 5-8 Bank isolation test summary ....................................................................................................................... 5-8
Table 5-9 Channel-to-channel isolation test summary ................................................................................................ 5-9
Table 5-12 Differential and common-mode isolation testing...................................................................................... 5-12
Table 5-16 Recommended troubleshooting equipment............................................................................................... 5-16
Table 5-17 Troubleshooting procedure .......................................................................................................................5-17
vii
×
1
General Information
1.1 Introduction
This section contains general information about the Model
7015 40-Channel Solid-State Multiplexer Card.
There are two basic versions of this multiplexer card; the
Model 7015-S and the Model 7015-C. The Model 7015-S assembly consists of a screw terminal connector card and a relay card. External test circuits are wired directly to the screw
terminals of the connector card. Also available from Keithley
is the Model 7015-ST, which is an extra screw terminal connector card. With an extra connector card, you can wire a
second test system without disturbing the wiring configura
tion of the first test system.
The Model 7015-C assembly consists of a multi-pin (mass
termination) connector card and the relay card. External test
circuit connections to the multiplexer are made via the 96pin male DIN connector on the connector card. Keithley offers a variety of optional accessories that can be used to make
connections to the connector card (see paragraph 1.8).
The rest of Section 1 is arranged in the following manner:
1.7 Unpacking and inspection
1.8 Repacking for shipment
1.9 Optional accessories
1.2 Features
The Model 7015 is a solid-state, two-pole, quad, 1
tiplexer card. Some of the key features include:
• Solid-state relays for fast switching, indefinite “contact” life, and quiet operation.
• Low contact potential and offset current for minimal effects on low-level signals.
• The connector board detaches from the relay board allowing easy access to the screw terminals (Model 7015S) and jumpers.
• Easy jumper configuration of one, two, three or four
multiplexer banks.
• Backplane jumpers. Cutting jumpers disconnects multiplexer bank outputs from the Model 7001 or Model
7002 analog backplane.
10 mul-
1.2 Features
1.3 Warranty information
1.4 Manual addenda
1.5 Safety symbols and terms
1.6 Specifications
1.3 Warranty information
Warranty information is located on the inside front cover of
this instruction manual. Should your Model 7015 require
warranty service, contact the Keithley representative or authorized repair facility in your area for further information.
1-1
General Information
×
When returning the multiplexer card for repair, be sure to fil
out and include the service form at the back of this manual in
order to provide the repair facility with the necessary information.
1.4 Manual addenda
Any improvements or changes concerning the multiplexer
card or manual will be explained in an addendum included
with the card. Addenda are provided in a page replacement
format. Simply replace the obsolete pages with the new pages.
1.5 Safety symbols and terms
The following symbols and terms may be found on an instrument or used in this manual.
!
The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user
should refer to the operating instructions located in the instruction manual.
1.7 Unpacking and inspection
1.7.1 Inspection for damage
The Model 7015 is packaged in a re-sealable, anti-static bag
to protect it from damage due to static discharge and from
contamination that could degrade its performance. Before removing the card from the bag, observe the following precautions on handling.
Handling Precautions:
1. Always grasp the card by the side edges and shields. Do
not touch the board surfaces or components.
2. When not installed in a Model 7001/7002 mainframe,
keep the card in the anti-static bag and store it in the original packing carton.
After removing the card from its anti-static bag, inspect it for
any obvious signs of physical damage. Report any such damage to the shipping agent immediately.
1.7.2 Shipment contents
The WARNING heading used in this manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always
read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
The CAUTION heading used in this manual explains hazards that could damage the multiplexer card. Such damage
may invalidate the warranty.
1.6 Specifications
Model 7015 specifications are found at the front of this manual. These specifications are exclusive of the multiplexer
mainframe specifications
The following items are included with every Model 7015 order:
• Model 7015 Quad 1
• Model 7015 Instruction Manual
• Additional accessories as ordered
10 Multiplexer Card
1.7.3 Instruction manual
If an additional instruction manual is required, order the
manual package, Keithley part number 7015-901-00. The
manual package includes an instruction manual and any pertinent addenda.
1-2
General Information
1.7.4 Repacking for shipment
Should it become necessary to return the Model 7015 for repair, carefully pack the unit in its original packing carton or
the equivalent, and include the following information:
• Advise as to the warranty status of the multiplexer card.
• Write ATTENTION REPAIR DEPARTMENT on the
shipping label.
• Fill out and include the service form located at the back
of this manual.
1.8 Optional accessories
The following accessories are available for use with the
Model 7015:
Model 7015-ST This screw terminal connector card is
identical to the one provided with the Model 7015-S assembly. An extra screw terminal connector card allows you to
wire a second test system without disturbing the wiring configuration of the first connector card
Model 7011-KIT-R This connection kit includes a 96-pin
female DIN connector that will mate directly to the connector on the Model 7015-C or to a standard 96-pin male DIN
bulkhead connector (see Model 7011-MTR). This connector
uses solder cups for connections to external circuitry. It includes an adapter for a round cable and the housing.
Model 7011-MTC-2 This 2-meter round cable assembly
is terminated with a 96-pin female DIN connector on each
end. It will mate directly to the connector on the Model
7015-C and to a standard 96-pin male DIN bulkhead connector (see Model 7011-MTR).
Model 7011-MTR This 96-pin male DIN bulkhead con-
nector uses solder cups for connections to external circuitry.
It will mate to the Model 7011-KIT-R connector, and Model
7011-MTC-2 cable assembly.
1-3
×
×
×
2
Multiplexing Basics
2.1 Introduction
This section covers the basics for multiplex switching and is
arranged as follows:
2.2 Basic multiplex configurations: Covers the basic
multiplex configurations: quad 1
20 configuration and single 1
nificance of the backplane jumpers is also c vered here.
2.3 Typical multiplex switching schemes: Explains
some of the basic ways a multiplexer can be used to switch
source or measure applications. Covers single-ended switching, differential (floating) switching and sensing.
10 configuration, dual 1
40 configuration. The sig-
2.4 System expansion: Discusses the various configura
tions that are possible by using multiple cards.
2.2 Basic multiplexer configurations
A simplified schematic of the Model 7015 multiplexer card
is shown in Figure 2-1. It is organized as four
plexer banks. Each bank has 10 inputs and one output. Twopole switching is provided for each multiplexer input, with
HI and LO switched. Two or more banks can be jumpered together to expand multiplexer inputs, and backplane jumpers
provide bank connections to a second card installed in a
Model 7001 or Model 7002 mainframe.
1 ×
10 multi-
2-1
Multiplexing Basics
×
×
×
×
×
×
7015
110
Inputs
Bank A
Bank B
Outputs
Bank C
Bank D
110
110
110
HI
LO
(Solid State Switching)
Figure 2-1
Model 7015 simplified s hematic
Input (1 of 40)
HI
Bank
Switching Topology
for all Channels
LO
HI
LO
HI
LO
Bank to Bank
Note : Factory Configuration shown
C
Jumpers
D
Jumpers
HI
LO
Backplane Jumpers
(to 7001/7002 Analog
Backplane)
HI
LO
2.2.1 Multiplexer bank-to-bank jumpers
Jumpers are installed on the connector card to connect multiplexer banks together to form a 1
jumper set connects two adjacent banks together. These
jumper sets are included with the Model 7015.
The bank-to-bank jumpers allow you to configure the multiplexer card in a variety of ways. Typical multiplexer config
urations include:
40 multiplexer. Each
• Four 1
10 multiplexers; no jumpers installed (Figure
2-2).
•Two 1
20 multiplexers; Bank A jumpered to Bank B,
Bank C jumpered to Bank D (Figure 2-3).
• One 1
40 multiplexer; all bank-to-bank jumpers in-
stalled (Figure 2-4).
Other combinations are possible, including multiplexers of
various sizes (in multiples of 10 channels). For example, you
could install jumpers to configure the card as one 1
one 1
10 multiplexer.
30 and
Refer to Section 3 for information on installing bank-to-bank
jumpers.
2-2
F
Multiplexing Basics
Inputs
1
Bank A
10
2
2
2
Output A
1
Bank B
10
1
Bank C
10
1
Bank D
10
2
2
2
2
2
2
Figure 2-2
Four 1 × 10 multiplexer configu ation (jumpers not installed)
Inputs
1
Bank A
10
1
Bank B
10
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Output B
Output C
Output D
Output A
2
Jumpers
1
Bank C
10
1
Bank D
10
2
2
2
2
2
2
Output C
2
Jumpers
igure 2-3
Two 1 × 20 multiplexer configu ation (jumpers installed)
2-3
Multiplexing Basics
F
Bank A
Bank B
Bank C
Bank D
Inputs
1
10
1
10
1
10
1
10
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Output A
2
Jumpers
2
Jumpers
2
Jumpers
igure 2-4
One 1 × 40 multiplexer configu ation (jumpers installed)
2-4
Multiplexing Basics
2.2.2 Backplane jumpers
There are four pairs of backplane jumpers located on the relay card. With the jumpers installed, the banks of the multiplexer card are connected to the analog backplane of the
Model 7001/7002 allowing expansion with a second card installed in the mainframe. With the jumpers removed (cut),
the multiplexer card is isolated from another card installed in
the same mainframe.
Model 7001/7002
Card 1 Card 2
H
L
G
H
Row 1 or Bank A
Row 2 or Bank B
The three-pole analog backplane of the Model 7001/7002
mainframe is shown in Figure 2-5. Through this analog backplane, the banks of a Model 7015 multiplexer card, installed
in one slot, can be connected to the banks (or rows) of a compatible card installed in another slot of the mainframe.
Note that the Model 7002 also has backplane jumpers, which
can be used to isolate cards into two groups of fi e.
Analog
Backplane
H
L
G
H
Figure 2-5
Model 7001/7002 analog backplane
H = High
L = Low
G = Guard
L
G
H
L
G
H
L
G
Row 3 or Bank C
Row 4 or Bank D
L
G
H
L
G
H
L
G
Row = Matrix Card (7012)
Bank = MUX Card (7015)
2-5
Multiplexing Basics
Ω
Ω
Figure 2-6 shows how each bank of the Model 7015 is connected to the backplane. Notice that since the Model 7015 is
a two-pole card, there is no connection made to the Guard
terminal of the backplane. The Model 7015 is shipped from
the factory with the backplane jumpers installed.
7001/7002
Analog
Backplane
H
L
G
H
L
H = High
L = Low
G = Guard
7015
Bank
(1 of 4)
Backplane
Jumpers
Figure 2-6
Bank connections to backplane
Removing (cutting) the backplane jumpers isolates the card
from the backplane, and subsequently, any card installed in
an other slot. For information on removing the jumpers, refer
to Section 3.
NOTE
The Model 7001/7002 does not provide an
analog backplane for the non-701X series
cards. As a result, any of these cards installed in one slot in the mainframe is electrically isolated from any card(s) installed
in an other slot. The only way to connect a
Model 7015 to one of these cards is to wire
them together using the connector blocks
or terminals.
2.3 Typical multiplexer switching schemes
The following paragraphs describe some basic switching
schemes that are possible with a two-pole switching multiplexer. These switching schemes include some various
shielding configurations to help minimize noise pickup in
sensitive measurement applications. These shields are shown
connected to chassis ground. For some test configurations
shielding may prove to be more effective with shields connected to circuit common or LO. Chassis ground is accessible at the rear panel of the Model 7001/7002.
2.3.1 Single-ended switching
In the single-ended switching configuration, the source or
measure instrument is connected to the DUT through a single pathway, as shown in Figure 2-7. The instrument is connected to the output of one of the banks, and the DUT is
shown connected to one of the inputs for that bank.
2.3.2 Differential switching
The differential or floating switching configuration is shown
in Figure 2-8. The advantage of using this configuration is
that the terminals of the source or measure instrument are not
confined to the same pathway. Each terminal of the instrument can be switched to any available input in the test system.
2.3.3 Sensing
Figure 2-9 shows how the multiplexer card can be configure
to use instruments that have sensing capability. The main advantage of using sensing is to cancel the effects of switch
card path resistance (<210
tance of external cabling. Whenever path resistance is a consideration, sensing should be used.
, <130
typical) and the resis-
2-6
Multiplexing Basics
HI
LO
Source or
Measure
Figure 2-7
Single-ended switching example
LO
Bank A-D Input 1-10
H
Out In
L
7015
Bank A, B Input 1-10
HI
Out In
Out In
H
L
H
L
Optional
Shield
DUT
DUT
Source or
Measure
Figure 2-8
Differential switching example
Source HI
Sense HI
Sense LO
Source LO
Source or
Measure
Figure 2-9
Sensing example
Bank C, D Input 1-10
Bank A, B
7015
H
Out In
L
H
Out In
L
Input 1-10
7015
Bank C, D Input 1-10
DUT
2-7
Multiplexing Basics
×
×
×
2.4 Multiplexer expansion
With the use of additional switching cards and mainframes,
larger systems can be configured. Each Model 7001 Switch
System mainframe will accommodate up to two cards, and
the Model 7002 Switch System mainframe can accommodate up to 10 cards.
2.4.1 Multi-card switching systems
Separate switching systems
Multiple single-card systems can be configured by removing
the backplane jumpers from each additional card. All cards
will be controlled by the same mainframe, but they will be
electrically isolated from each other. Figure 2-10 shows an
example using two Model 7015 multiplexer cards.
Multiplexer input expansion
You can double the number of multiplexer inputs by simply
installing two “as shipped” Model 7015s in the Model 7001
mainframe. Similarly, the number of multiplexer inputs can
be increased by a factor of 10 by installing 10, “as shipped”
Model 7015s in a Model 7002. By leaving the backplane
jumpers installed, the banks of the multiplexer card installed
in slot 1 (CARD 1) are automatically connected to the banks
of the multiplexer card installed in slot 2 (CARD 2) through
the analog backplane (and with any remaining cards installed
in a Model 7002).
Figure 2-11 shows an example of input expansion. Each
Model 7015 card is configured as four 1
10 multiplexers.
By connecting the banks together (via Model 7001/7002 analog backplane), the resulting multiplexer system has 20 2pole inputs for each of the four banks. Note that, if all the
bank-to-bank jumpers on any card are installed (as shipped),
the result would be a single 1
80 multiplexer. A total of 10
Model 7015 cards installed in a Model 7002 would yield a
single 1
400 multiplexer with all bank-to-bank jumpers in-
stalled.
NOTE
Connecting any two banks on one card together also connects the corresponding
banks of the backplane together. Thus, the
corresponding banks of other card(s) will
be connected together even if the bank-tobank jumpers on those cards are not installed.
110
Bank A
110
Bank B
110
Bank C
110
Bank D
Four 1x10 Multiplexers
Figure 2-10
Two separate multiplexer systems
Card 1
7015
7001/7002
Backplane
Backplane
Jumpers
Removed
Analog
Card 2
7015
110
110
110
110
Four 1x10 Multiplexers
2-8
Card 1
7001/7002
Analog
Backplane
Multiplexing Basics
Card 2
110
7015
Bank A
110
Bank B
110
Bank C
110
Bank D
Quad 1x10 Multiplexers
Quad 1x20 Multiplexer
Figure 2-11
Multiplexer input expansion example
Mixing card types
Different types of cards can be used together to create some
unique switching systems. For example, you could have a
Model 7015 multiplexer card installed in one slot and a Model 7012 matrix card installed in another slot.
110
7015
110
110
110
Quad 1x10 Multiplexers
Backplane
Jumpers
installed
multiplexer banks. On the multiplexer card, the bank-tobank jumpers must be removed to maintain isolation between matrix rows. See the instruction manual for the Model
7012 for complete information on the matrix card.
2.4.2 Mainframe multiplexer expansion
Figure 2-12 shows one possible switching system using a
matrix card and a multiplexer card. The backplane jumpers
for both the matrix and multiplexer cards must be installed.
This arrangement allows matrix rows to be connected to
Multiplexer systems using up to 12 or 60 multiplexer cards
are possible by using six Model 7001 or 7002 mainframes together. Each Model 7015 added to the system provides 40
additional inputs. Paragraph 3.4.3 explains how to connect a
test system using two mainframes.
2-9
Multiplexing Basics
110
1
2
Rows
3
4
Notes : 1. Models 7015 and 7012 backplane jumpers
must be installed.
2. Model 7015 bank-to-bank jumpers must be
removed.
Figure 2-12
Mixed card type example
Card 1
7012
Columns
4 x 10 Matrix
7001/7002
Backplane
Card 2
7015
110
110
110
110
Inputs
Bank A
Bank B
Bank C
Bank D
Quad 1 x 10 Mux
2-10
3
Card Connections & Installation
3.1 Introduction
WARNING
The procedures in this section are intended only for qualified service personnel. Do not perform these procedures
unless qualified to do so. Failure to recognize hazards and observe normal
safety precautions could result in personal injury or death.
The information in this section is arranged as follows:
3.2 Handling precautions: Explains precautions that
must be followed to prevent contamination to the multiplexer card assembly. Contamination could degrade
the performance of the multiplexer card.
3.3 Connections: Covers the basics for connecting exter-
nal circuitry to the two available connector cards for
the multiplexer; the screw terminal connector card and
the multi-pin connector card.
3.2 Handling precautions
To maintain high-impedance isolation, care should be taken
when handling the relay card to avoid contamination from
such foreign materials as body oils. Such contamination can
substantially lower leakage resistances, thus degrading performance.
To avoid possible contamination, always grasp the relay and
connector cards by the side edges or shields. Do not touch
the board surfaces, components, or areas adjacent to the electrical contacts. Dirt build-up over a period of time is another
possible source of contamination. To avoid this problem, operate the mainframe and multiplexer card in a clean environment.
If a card becomes contaminated, it should be thoroughly
cleaned as explained in paragraph 5.2.
3.3 Connections
3.4 Typical connection schemes: Provides some typical
connection schemes for single card, two-card and twomainframe system configurations.
3.5 Model 7015 installation: Provides a procedure to in-
stall the multiplexer card assembly in the Model 7001
or Model 7002 mainframe.
This paragraph provides the basic information needed to
connect your external test circuitry to the multiplexer. It includes the installation of the bank-to-bank jumpers on the
connector card, installation/removal of backplane jumpers
on the relay card, and detailed information on making external connections to the two available connector cards.
3-1
Card Connections & Installation
WARNING
The following connection information is
intended to be used by qualified service
personnel. Failure to recognize hazards
and observe standard safety precautions
could result in personal injury or death.
3.3.1 Bank-to-bank jumpers
As explained in paragraph 2.2.1, the banks of the multiplexer
card can be connected together (using plug-in jumpers) to
form larger multiplexers. The locations of the bank-to-bank
jumper terminals for both connector cards are shown in Figure 3-1.
Terminal identification is provided by Figure 3-2. On the
drawing, the six terminal pairs are labeled W100 through
W105. The top three terminal pairs (W101, W103 and
W105) are used to connect the LO terminals of the banks together. The bottom terminal pairs (W100, W102 and W104)
are used to connect the HI terminals of the banks together.
Table 3-1 summarizes the purpose of each jumper.
Bank
A to B
LO
W101
HI
W100
Bank
B to C
W103
W102
Figure 3-2
Bank-to-bank jumper terminal identificatio
Table 3-1
Bank-to-bank jumpers (on connector card)
Installed
jumper* Connection
W101
W100
W103
W102
W105
W104
*See Figure 3-1 for location.
Bank A LO to Bank B LO
Bank A HI to Bank B HI
Bank B LO to Bank C LO
Bank B HI to Bank C HI
Bank C LO to Bank D LO
Bank C HI to Bank D HI
Bank
C to D
W105
W104
Jumper Terminals
A. Screw Terminal Connector
Card (Model 7015-S)
Figure 3-1
Bank-to-bank jumper locations
3-2
Bank-to-Bank
Bank-to-Bank
Jumper Terminals
B. Multi-pin Connector Card
(Model 7015-C)
Card Connections & Installation
Referring to Figure 3-1 for jumper locations, perform the following steps to install bank-to-bank jumpers:
1. If mated together, separate the relay card from the connector card by removing the mounting screw and pulling
the two cards away from each other. Remember to handle the cards only by the edges and shields to avoid contamination.
2. Refer to Figure 3-2 and Table 3-1 to determine which
jumpers to install.
3. Using Figure 3-3 as a guide, install the jumpers on the
appropriate terminal pairs.
Jumper
Jumper Terminal
Pair
Figure 3-3
Bank-to-bank jumper installation
1. If mated together, separate the relay card from the connector card by removing the mounting screw and pulling
the two cards away from each other. Remember to handle the cards only by the edges and shields to avoid contamination.
2. Use Figure 3-4 and Table 3-2 to locate the jumpers that
are to be removed.
3. It is not necessary to unsolder the jumpers from the PC
board. Using a pair of wire cutters, cut both ends of each
jumper, then remove each cut jumper completely.
Table 3-2
Backplane jumpers (on relay card)
Jumper* Backplane connection
W100
W101
W102
W103
W104
W105
W106
W107
*See Figure 3-4 for location.
Bank A HI
Bank A LO
Bank B HI
Bank B LO
Bank C HI
Bank C LO
Bank D HI
Bank D LO
3.3.2 Backplane jumpers
The Model 7001 and Model 7002 mainframes have an analog backplanes that allow the banks of a Model 7015 multiplexer to be internally connected to a compatible switching
card installed in another slot (see paragraph 2.4.1 for details).
The backplane jumpers for the multiplexer card assembly are
located on the relay card as shown in Figure 3-4, and Table
3-2 summarizes jumper connections. The card is shipped
from the factory with the jumpers installed.
Jumper removal
Perform the following steps to remove backplane jumpers:
Jumper installation
Referring to Figure 3-4 for jumper locations, perform the following steps to install backplane row jumpers:
1. If mated together, separate the relay card from the connector card by removing the mounting screw and pulling
the two cards away from each other. Remember to handle the cards only by the edges and shields to avoid contamination.
2. Physically remove a cut jumper by unsoldering the two
cut ends from the PC board.
3. Install a new #22 AWG jumper wire (Keithley P/N J-
15), and solder it to the PC board.
4. Remove the solder flux from the PC board. The cleaning
procedure is explained in paragraph 5.2.
3-3
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