Keithley Keithley Instruments 2001 Manual

Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176 - TestEquipmentDepot.com

Model 2001 Multimeter

Operator’s Manual

2001-900-01 Rev. H / February 2009

EC N E D I FN OC F O E RUSA E MR E TA E R GA

WARRANTY

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from date of shipment.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 software, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

During the warranty period, Keithley Instruments will, at its option, either rep to be defective.

To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley Instruments representative, or contact Keithley Instruments headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio. You will be given prompt assis Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.

days from the date of shipment: probes, cables,

air or replace any product that proves

tance and return instructions.

LIMITATION OF WARRANTY

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley Instruments’ express written consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or instructions.

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED W PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.

NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE, EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COST OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.

ARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES

problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow

SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY

A G R E A T E R M E A S U R E O F C O N F I D E N C E

3/07

Model 2001 Multimeter

Operator’s Manual

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Any unauthorized reproduction, photocopy, or use of the information herein, in whole or in part, without the prior written approval

of Keithley Instruments, Inc. is strictly prohibited.

TSP™, TSP-Link™, and TSP-Net™ are trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. All Keithley Instruments product names are

trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of

their respective holders.

Document Number: 2001-900-01 Rev. H / February 2009

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product. Refer to the user documentation for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product warranty may be impaired.

The types of product users are:

Safety Precautions

Responsible body is t

operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators

ey must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the user documentation. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, perform safe installations, and repair products. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley Instruments products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Measurement Category I and Measurement Category data I/O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages. Measurement Category II connections require protection for high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the user documentation.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal vo American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are prev Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000V, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.

use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument.

II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and

ented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact.

he individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is

perform

routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage or

ltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance-limited sources. NEVER

nnect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current

co and voltage to the card.

cti

Before operating an instrument, ensure that the line cord is connected to a properly-grounded power receptacle. Inspect the conne cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

11/0 7

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power

disconnect device must be provided in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test.

AYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers,

ALW installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Al make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions, or the safety of the

pment may be impaired.

equi

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating inform and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with the same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.

If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the interlock.

If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the user documentation.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000V or more, including the combined effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot. Avoid personal contact to prevent burns.

The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.

use o

ways

atio

f a lid

If this symbol is on a product, it indicates that mercury is present in the display lamp. Please note that the lamp must be properly disposed of according to federal, state, and local laws.

ARNING heading in the user documentation explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the

The W associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CA warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.

Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits - including the power transformer, tes and input jacks - must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses with applicable national safety approvals may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety-related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component (note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product). If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water-based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cl directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., a data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

UTION he

ading in the user documentation explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the

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eaner

1 General Information

1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Features ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.3 Warranty information.......................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.4 Manual addenda .................................................................................................................................................. 1-2

1.5 Safety symbols and terms ................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.6 Specifications ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.7 Inspection ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-2

1.8 Options and accessories ...................................................................................................................................... 1-2

2 Getting Started

2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Front and rear panel summary ............................................................................................................................ 2-1

2.2.1 Front panel .................................................................................................................................................. 2-1

2.2.2 Rear panel ................................................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2.3 Front panel display...................................................................................................................................... 2-4

2.3 Overview of measurement process ..................................................................................................................... 2-6

2.3.1 Idle .............................................................................................................................................................. 2-7

2.3.2 Arm layer .................................................................................................................................................... 2-7

2.3.3 Scan layer.................................................................................................................................................... 2-7

2.3.4 Measure layer.............................................................................................................................................. 2-7

2.4 Initial configuration............................................................................................................................................. 2-7

2.5 Front panel operation .......................................................................................................................................... 2-8

2.5.1 Measuring DC voltage example.................................................................................................................. 2-8

2.5.2 Storing DC voltage readings example ...................................................................................................... 2-11

2.6 IEEE-488.2 and SCPI basics............................................................................................................................. 2-13

2.6.1 SCPI overview .......................................................................................................................................... 2-13

2.6.2 Compatibility ............................................................................................................................................ 2-13

2.6.3 Bus connection.......................................................................................................................................... 2-13

2.6.4 Primary address......................................................................................................................................... 2-13

2.6.5 Abbreviated common command summary ............................................................................................... 2-13

2.6.6 Abbreviated SCPI command summary..................................................................................................... 2-14

2.6.7 Syntax rules............................................................................................................................................... 2-16

2.6.8 Programming examples............................................................................................................................. 2-17

3 Front Panel Operation

3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 Power-up procedure............................................................................................................................................. 3-1

3.2.1 Line power connections............................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2.2 Line fuse replacement.................................................................................................................................. 3-2

3.2.3 Power-up sequence...................................................................................................................................... 3-2

3.2.4 High energy circuit safety precautions ........................................................................................................ 3-4

3.2.5 Power-on default conditions........................................................................................................................ 3-4

3.2.6 Warm-up period........................................................................................................................................... 3-4

3.2.7 IEEE-488 primary address .......................................................................................................................... 3-4

3.3 Display................................................................................................................................................................. 3-4

3.3.1 Display format ............................................................................................................................................. 3-4

3.3.2 Multiple displays ......................................................................................................................................... 3-6

3.3.3 Information messages.................................................................................................................................. 3-9

3.3.4 Status and error messages............................................................................................................................ 3-9

3.3.5 Menu structures ......................................................................................................................................... 3-11

3.3.6 EXIT key ................................................................................................................................................... 3-11

3.4 Functions ........................................................................................................................................................... 3-12

3.4.1 DC and AC voltage ................................................................................................................................... 3-13

3.4.2 DC and AC current.................................................................................................................................... 3-28

3.4.3 Two and four-wire resistance .................................................................................................................... 3-35

3.4.4 Frequency .................................................................................................................................................. 3-40

3.4.5 Temperature............................................................................................................................................... 3-43

3.5 Range................................................................................................................................................................. 3-52

3.5.1 Display resolution...................................................................................................................................... 3-52

3.5.2 Maximum readings.................................................................................................................................... 3-52

3.5.3 Manual ranging.......................................................................................................................................... 3-52

3.5.4 Autoranging............................................................................................................................................... 3-53

3.6 Relative.............................................................................................................................................................. 3-53

3.6.1 Configuring rel .......................................................................................................................................... 3-53

3.6.2 Enabling rel ............................................................................................................................................... 3-54

3.6.3 Multiple display of rel ............................................................................................................................... 3-54

3.7 Triggers.............................................................................................................................................................. 3-54

3.7.1 Trigger model ............................................................................................................................................ 3-54

3.7.2 Configuring the measure layer .................................................................................................................. 3-59

3.7.3 Configuring the scan layer......................................................................................................................... 3-62

3.7.4 Configuring the arm layer ......................................................................................................................... 3-64

3.7.5 Halting triggers.......................................................................................................................................... 3-66

3.7.6 External triggering..................................................................................................................................... 3-66

3.7.7 Trigger Link............................................................................................................................................... 3-69

3.8 Buffer................................................................................................................................................................. 3-80

3.8.1 Burst mode................................................................................................................................................. 3-80

3.8.2 Configuring data storage ........................................................................................................................... 3-83

3.8.3 Storing and recalling readings ................................................................................................................... 3-84

3.8.4 Buffer multiple displays ............................................................................................................................ 3-85

3.9 Filters................................................................................................................................................................. 3-86

3.9.1 Digital filter types...................................................................................................................................... 3-86

3.9.2 Digital filter modes.................................................................................................................................... 3-86

3.9.3 Response time (Digital filter) .................................................................................................................... 3-88

3.9.4 Auto filtering (Digital) .............................................................................................................................. 3-88

3.9.5 Configuring the digital filter...................................................................................................................... 3-88

3.9.6 Enabling/disabling the filter ...................................................................................................................... 3-90

3.9.7 Analog filter............................................................................................................................................... 3-91

3.10 Math .................................................................................................................................................................. 3-92

3.10.1 mX+b ........................................................................................................................................................ 3-92

3.10.2 Percent....................................................................................................................................................... 3-93

3.10.3 Percent deviation ...................................................................................................................................... 3-93

3.10.4 Configuring math ...................................................................................................................................... 3-93

3.10.5 Enabling math ........................................................................................................................................... 3-94

3.10.6 Calculate multiple display......................................................................................................................... 3-94

3.11 Scanning............................................................................................................................................................ 3-94

3.11.1 Scanning overview.................................................................................................................................... 3-94

3.11.2 Front panel scanner controls ..................................................................................................................... 3-95

3.11.3 Using CHAN to close and open internal channels.................................................................................... 3-95

3.11.4 Using CONFIG-CHAN to configure channels ......................................................................................... 3-96

3.11.5 Using CONFIG-SCAN to configure scanning.......................................................................................... 3-98

3.11.6 Using SCAN to configure scan parameters .............................................................................................. 3-99

3.11.7 Starting and stopping scanning ................................................................................................................. 3-99

3.11.8 Scanner operation examples.................................................................................................................... 3-101

3.12 Menu ............................................................................................................................................................... 3-105

3.12.1 SAVESETUP .......................................................................................................................................... 3-107

3.12.2 GPIB........................................................................................................................................................ 3-114

3.12.3 CALIBRATION...................................................................................................................................... 3-115

3.12.4 TEST ....................................................................................................................................................... 3-116

3.12.5 LIMITS ................................................................................................................................................... 3-116

3.12.6 STATUS-MSG........................................................................................................................................ 3-119

3.12.7 GENERAL .............................................................................................................................................. 3-119

4 IEEE-488 Reference

4.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2 IEEE-488 bus connections .................................................................................................................................. 4-1

4.3 Primary address selection.................................................................................................................................... 4-3

4.4 Controller programming ..................................................................................................................................... 4-4

4.5 Front panel aspects of IEEE-488 operation ........................................................................................................ 4-4

4.5.1 Error and status messages ........................................................................................................................... 4-4

4.5.2 IEEE-488 status indicators.......................................................................................................................... 4-4

4.5.3 LOCAL key................................................................................................................................................. 4-5

4.6 Status structure.................................................................................................................................................... 4-5

4.6.1 Standard event status................................................................................................................................... 4-5

4.6.2 Operation event status................................................................................................................................. 4-7

4.6.3 Arm event status.......................................................................................................................................... 4-9

4.6.4 Sequence event status................................................................................................................................ 4-11

4.6.5 Trigger event status................................................................................................................................... 4-13

4.6.6 Measurement event status ......................................................................................................................... 4-15

4.6.7 Questionable event status.......................................................................................................................... 4-16

4.6.8 Queues....................................................................................................................................................... 4-18

4.6.9 Status byte and service request (SRQ)...................................................................................................... 4-19

4.7 Trigger Model (IEEE-488 operation)................................................................................................................ 4-21

4.8 General bus commands ..................................................................................................................................... 4-25

4.8.1 REN (remote enable) ................................................................................................................................ 4-26

4.8.2 IFC (interface clear) .................................................................................................................................. 4-26

4.8.3 LLO (local lockout) .................................................................................................................................. 4-26

4.8.4 GTL (go to local) and local....................................................................................................................... 4-27

4.8.5 DCL (device clear).................................................................................................................................... 4-27

4.8.6 SDC (selective device clear) ..................................................................................................................... 4-27

4.8.7 GET (group execute trigger) ..................................................................................................................... 4-27

iii



4.8.8 SPE, SPD (serial polling) .......................................................................................................................... 4-27

4.9 Programming syntax.......................................................................................................................................... 4-29

4.10 Common commands.......................................................................................................................................... 4-35

4.10.1 *CLS

4.10.2 *ESE

4.10.3 *ESE?

4.10.4 *ESR?

4.10.5 *IDN?

4.10.6 *OPC

4.10.7 *OPC?

4.10.8 *OPT?

4.10.9 *RCL

4.10.10 *RST

4.10.11 *SAV

4.10.12 *SRE

4.10.13 *SRE?

4.10.14 *STB?

4.10.15 *TRG

4.10.16 *TST?

4.10.17 *WAI

4.11 Signal oriented measurement commands .......................................................................................................... 4-51

4.12 SCPI command subsystems............................................................................................................................... 4-57

4.13 Calculate subsystems......................................................................................................................................... 4-59

4.13.1 :CALCulate[1]............................................................................................................................................4-60

4.13.2 :CALCulate2.............................................................................................................................................. 4-65

4.13.3 :CALCulate3.............................................................................................................................................. 4-68

4.14 :CALibration subsystem.................................................................................................................................... 4-77

4.15 :DISPlay subsystem........................................................................................................................................... 4-79

4.16 :FORMat subsystem .......................................................................................................................................... 4-85

4.17 :OUTput subsystem ........................................................................................................................................... 4-92

4.18 :ROUTe subsystem............................................................................................................................................ 4-94

4.18.1 :CLOSe <list>............................................................................................................................................ 4-95

4.18.2 :OPEN <list> ............................................................................................................................................. 4-96

4.18.3 :OPEN:ALL............................................................................................................................................... 4-97

4.18.4 :SCAN commands ..................................................................................................................................... 4-98

4.19 Sense subsystems............................................................................................................................................. 4-107

4.19.1 [:SENse[1]] subsystem ............................................................................................................................ 4-115

4.19.2 :ALTernate[1] commands ....................................................................................................................... 4-116

4.19.3 :FUNCtion <name>................................................................................................................................. 4-116

4.19.4 DATA commands.................................................................................................................................... 4-117

4.19.5 :APERture <n> ........................................................................................................................................ 4-118

4.19.6 :NPLCycles <n> ...................................................................................................................................... 4-123

4.19.7 :COUPling AC|DC .................................................................................................................................. 4-127

4.19.8 RANGe commands.................................................................................................................................. 4-128

4.19.9 :REFerence <n>....................................................................................................................................... 4-133

4.19.10 :DIGits <n>.............................................................................................................................................. 4-137

4.19.11 :AVERage commands ............................................................................................................................. 4-141

4.19.12 :Filter ....................................................................................................................................................... 4-148

4.19.13 :DETector commands.............................................................................................................................. 4-149

4.19.14 :PWINdow <n> ....................................................................................................................................... 4-150

4.19.15 :METHod <name> .................................................................................................................................. 4-151

4.19.16 :SOURce <name>.................................................................................................................................... 4-151

4.19.17 THReshold commands ............................................................................................................................ 4-152

4.19.18 :TRANsducer <name> ............................................................................................................................ 4-155

clear status.................................................................................................................................. 4-36

event enable................................................................................................................................ 4-36

event enable query .................................................................................................................... 4-38

event status register query ........................................................................................................ 4-38

identification query................................................................................................................... 4-40

operation complete..................................................................................................................... 4-40

operation complete query......................................................................................................... 4-41

option identification query ....................................................................................................... 4-42

recall .......................................................................................................................................... 4-43

reset ............................................................................................................................................ 4-43

save ............................................................................................................................................ 4-43

service request enable ................................................................................................................ 4-44

service request enable query..................................................................................................... 4-45

status byte query....................................................................................................................... 4-46

trigger ........................................................................................................................................ 4-47

self-test query ........................................................................................................................... 4-48

wait-to-continue......................................................................................................................... 4-48

4.19.19 :RTD commands .................................................................................................................................... 4-156

4.19.20 :SPRTD .................................................................................................................................................. 4-159

4.19.21 :TCouple:TYPE <name> ........................................................................................................................ 4-160

4.19.22 :RJUNctionX........................................................................................................................................... 4-161

4.19.23 :REAL commands .................................................................................................................................. 4-163

4.19.24 :OCOMpensated <b> .............................................................................................................................. 4-165

4.19.25 :SENSe2 subsystem ................................................................................................................................ 4-165

4.20 :SOURce subsystem........................................................................................................................................ 4-167

4.21 :STATus subsystem ........................................................................................................................................ 4-169

4.21.1 [:EVENt]? ............................................................................................................................................... 4-170

4.21.2 :ENABle <NRf> ..................................................................................................................................... 4-176

4.21.3 :PTRansition <NRf> ............................................................................................................................... 4-180

4.21.4 :NTRansition <NRf>............................................................................................................................... 4-188

4.21.5 :CONDition? ........................................................................................................................................... 4-191

4.21.6 :PRESET ................................................................................................................................................. 4-192

4.21.7 :QUEue commands ................................................................................................................................. 4-192

4.22 :SYSTem subsystem ....................................................................................................................................... 4-197

4.22.1 :PRESet ................................................................................................................................................... 4-197

4.22.2 :POSetup <name> ................................................................................................................................... 4-198

4.22.3 :FRSWitch?............................................................................................................................................. 4-198

4.22.4 :VERSion? .............................................................................................................................................. 4-199

4.22.5 :ERRor?................................................................................................................................................... 4-199

4.22.6 :AZERo commands................................................................................................................................. 4-200

4.22.7 :AMEThod <name> ................................................................................................................................ 4-202

4.22.8 :LSYNc:STATe <b> ............................................................................................................................... 4-206

4.22.9 :KEY <NRf> ........................................................................................................................................... 4-207

4.22.10 :CLEar..................................................................................................................................................... 4-209

4.22.11 :FETCh:FORMat <name> ...................................................................................................................... 4-209

4.23 :TRACe subsystem ......................................................................................................................................... 4-211

4.23.1 :CLEar [BUFFER,] ................................................................................................................................. 4-211

4.23.2 :FREE? [BUFFER,] ................................................................................................................................ 4-212

4.23.3 :EGRoup [BUFFER,] <name>................................................................................................................ 4-212

4.23.4 :POINts [BUFFER,] <n> ........................................................................................................................ 4-213

4.23.5 :FEED [BUFFER,] <name>.................................................................................................................... 4-214

4.23.6 :DATA? [BUFFER,]............................................................................................................................... 4-219

4.24 Trigger subsystem ........................................................................................................................................... 4-221

4.24.1 :INITiate commands ............................................................................................................................... 4-222

4.24.2 :ABORt ................................................................................................................................................... 4-223

4.24.3 :IMMediate.............................................................................................................................................. 4-223

4.24.4 :COUNt <n>............................................................................................................................................ 4-224

4.24.5 :DELay <n>............................................................................................................................................. 4-225

4.24.6 :SOURce <name> ................................................................................................................................... 4-226

4.24.7 :TIMer <n>.............................................................................................................................................. 4-227

4.24.8 :SIGNal ................................................................................................................................................... 4-228

4.24.9 TCONfigure commands.......................................................................................................................... 4-228

4.25 :UNIT subsystem ............................................................................................................................................ 4-233

APPENDICES

A Specifications ............................................................................................................................................ A-1

B Default Conditions...................................................................................................................................... B-1

C IEEE-488.2 Common Commands .............................................................................................................. C-1

D SCPI Command Subsystems ...................................................................................................................... D-1

E Interface Function Codes............................................................................................................................ E-1

F ASCII Character Codes and IEEE-488 Multiline Interface Command Messages ..................................... F-1

G Controller Programs ................................................................................................................................... G-1

H IEEE-488 Bus Overview ............................................................................................................................ H-1

I IEEE-488 Conformance Information .......................................................................................................... I-1

J SCPI Conformance Information.................................................................................................................. J-1

List of Illustrations

2 Getting Started

Figure 2-1 Model 2001 front panel............................................................................................................................... 2-2

Figure 2-2 Model 2001 rear panel ................................................................................................................................ 2-3

Figure 2-3 Simplified model of measurement operation .............................................................................................. 2-6

Figure 2-4 Typical DC voltage connections ................................................................................................................. 2-9

3 Front Panel Operation

Figure 3-1 Model 2001 display formats ....................................................................................................................... 3-5

Figure 3-2 Scientific notation with calculate multiple display ..................................................................................... 3-5

Figure 3-3 Bar graph (zero-at-left) multiple display..................................................................................................... 3-8

Figure 3-4 Zero-centered bar graph multiple display ................................................................................................... 3-8

Figure 3-5 Maximum and minimum multiple display.................................................................................................. 3-9

Figure 3-6 DC voltage measurements ........................................................................................................................ 3-14

Figure 3-7 AC voltage measurements ........................................................................................................................ 3-14

Figure 3-8 Positive and negative peak spikes............................................................................................................. 3-21

Figure 3-9 DC voltage multifunction multiple displays ............................................................................................. 3-22

Figure 3-10 AC voltage multifunction multiple displays ............................................................................................. 3-26

Figure 3-11 DC and AC current measurements............................................................................................................ 3-29

Figure 3-12 DC in-circuit current measurements ......................................................................................................... 3-33

Figure 3-13 AC current multifuncton multiple displays............................................................................................... 3-35

Figure 3-14 Two-wire resistance measurements .......................................................................................................... 3-36

Figure 3-15 Four-wire resistance measurements .......................................................................................................... 3-37

Figure 3-16 Frequency measurements.......................................................................................................................... 3-41

Figure 3-17 4-wire RTD temperature measurements ................................................................................................... 3-44

Figure 3-18 3-wire RTD temperature measurements ................................................................................................... 3-45

Figure 3-19 2-wire RTD temperature measurements ................................................................................................... 3-45

Figure 3-20 Thermocouple configuration..................................................................................................................... 3-46

Figure 3-21 Temperature equations.............................................................................................................................. 3-48

Figure 3-22 Trigger model (front panel operation)....................................................................................................... 3-56

Figure 3-23 External triggering connectors (BNC) ...................................................................................................... 3-66

Figure 3-24 External triggering and asynchronous trigger link input pulse specifications .......................................... 3-66

Figure 3-25 Meter complete and asynchronous trigger link output pulse specifications ............................................. 3-67

Figure 3-26 DUT test system........................................................................................................................................ 3-67

Figure 3-27 External trigger connectors ....................................................................................................................... 3-68

Figure 3-28 Trigger link connectors ............................................................................................................................. 3-69

Figure 3-29 DUT test system........................................................................................................................................ 3-70

Figure 3-30 Trigger Link connections (asynchronous example #1)............................................................................. 3-70

Figure 3-31 Operation model for asynchronous trigger link example #1..................................................................... 3-72

Figure 3-32 Connections using Trigger Link adapter................................................................................................... 3-73

vii

Ω

Figure 3-33 DUT test system (asynchronous example #2) ........................................................................................... 3-73

Figure 3-34 Trigger Link connections (asynchronous example #2) ............................................................................. 3-74

Figure 3-35 Operation model for asynchronous Trigger Link example #2 .................................................................. 3-76

Figure 3-36 Semi-synchronous Trigger Link specifications......................................................................................... 3-77

Figure 3-37 Typical semi-synchronous mode connections........................................................................................... 3-77

Figure 3-38 Trigger Link connections (semi-synchronous example) ........................................................................... 3-78

Figure 3-39 Operation mode for semi-synchronous Trigger Link example ................................................................. 3-79

Figure 3-40 Digital filter ............................................................................................................................................... 3-87

Figure 3-41 Analog filter............................................................................................................................................... 3-92

Figure 3-42 SCAN key menu structure....................................................................................................................... 3-100

Figure 3-43 SCAN key menu structure for ratio and delta ......................................................................................... 3-101

Figure 3-44 Limits bar graph example........................................................................................................................ 3-117

Figure 3-45 Using limit test to sort 100

Figure 3-46 Digital I/O port ........................................................................................................................................ 3-120

Figure 3-47 Digital I/O port simplified schematic ..................................................................................................... 3-121

Figure 3-48 Sample externally powered relay ........................................................................................................... 3-122

Figure 3-49 Line cycle synchronization...................................................................................................................... 3-125

resistors..................................................................................................... 3-119

4 IEEE-488 Reference

Figure 4-1 IEEE-488 connector .................................................................................................................................... 4-2

Figure 4-2 IEEE-488 connections ................................................................................................................................. 4-2

Figure 4-3 IEEE-488 connector location ...................................................................................................................... 4-2

Figure 4-4 Contact assignments .................................................................................................................................... 4-3

Figure 4-5 Model 2001 status register structure............................................................................................................ 4-6

Figure 4-6 Standard event status ................................................................................................................................... 4-7

Figure 4-7 Operation event status ................................................................................................................................. 4-8

Figure 4-8 Arm event status ........................................................................................................................................ 4-10

Figure 4-9 Sequence event status ................................................................................................................................ 4-11

Figure 4-10 Trigger event status ................................................................................................................................... 4-13

Figure 4-11 Measurement event status.......................................................................................................................... 4-15

Figure 4-12 Questionable event status .......................................................................................................................... 4-17

Figure 4-13 Status byte and service request (SRQ) ...................................................................................................... 4-19

Figure 4-14 Trigger Model (IEEE-488 bus operation) ................................................................................................. 4-22

Figure 4-15 Standard Event Enable Register ................................................................................................................ 4-37

Figure 4-16 Standard Event Status Register ................................................................................................................. 4-39

Figure 4-17 Service Request Enable Register............................................................................................................... 4-45

Figure 4-18 Status Byte Register .................................................................................................................................. 4-47

Figure 4-19 ASCII data format ..................................................................................................................................... 4-86

Figure 4-20 IEEE754 single precision data format (32 data bits)................................................................................. 4-87

Figure 4-21 IEEE754 double precision data format (64 data bits) ............................................................................... 4-87

Figure 4-22 Measurement Event Register................................................................................................................... 4-172

Figure 4-23 Questionable Event Register ................................................................................................................... 4-173

Figure 4-24 Operation Event Register ........................................................................................................................ 4-174

Figure 4-25 Trigger Event Register ............................................................................................................................ 4-174

Figure 4-26 Arm Event Register ................................................................................................................................. 4-175

Figure 4-27 Sequence Event Register ......................................................................................................................... 4-175

Figure 4-28 Measurement Event Enable Register....................................................................................................... 4-177

Figure 4-29 Questionable Event Enable Register ....................................................................................................... 4-178

Figure 4-30 Operation Event Enable Register ............................................................................................................ 4-178

Figure 4-31 Trigger Event Enable Register ................................................................................................................ 4-179

Figure 4-32 Arm Event Enable Register ..................................................................................................................... 4-179

Figure 4-33 Sequence Event Enable Register ............................................................................................................. 4-179

viii

Figure 4-34 Measurement Transition Filter................................................................................................................ 4-182

Figure 4-35 Questionable Transition Filter ................................................................................................................ 4-183

Figure 4-36 Operation Transition Filter...................................................................................................................... 4-184

Figure 4-37 Trigger Transition Filter.......................................................................................................................... 4-185

Figure 4-38 Arm Transition Filter .............................................................................................................................. 4-186

Figure 4-39 Sequence Transition Filter ...................................................................................................................... 4-187

Figure 4-40 Key-press codes ...................................................................................................................................... 4-208

APPENDICES

Figure H-1 IEEE-488 bus configuration....................................................................................................................... H-2

Figure H-2 IEEE-488 handshake sequence .................................................................................................................. H-3

Figure H-3 Commands codes ....................................................................................................................................... H-6

Ω

List of Tables

2 Getting Started

Table 2-1 DCV multiple displays............................................................................................................................... 2-5

Table 2-2 Menu summary .......................................................................................................................................... 2-6

Table 2-3 CONFIGURE DCV menu structure ........................................................................................................ 2-10

Table 2-4 Multiple displays for recalled readings.................................................................................................... 2-12

Table 2-5 Burst mode availability ............................................................................................................................ 2-12

Table 2-6 Abbreviated common command summary .............................................................................................. 2-14

Table 2-7 Abbreviated SCPI command summary.................................................................................................... 2-15

3 Front Panel Operation

Table 3-1 Data checked on power-up......................................................................................................................... 3-3

Table 3-2 Power-up error messages ........................................................................................................................... 3-3

Table 3-3 Multiple displays by function .................................................................................................................... 3-7

Table 3-4 Status and error messages ........................................................................................................................ 3-10

Table 3-5 EXIT key actions ..................................................................................................................................... 3-12

Table 3-6 CONFIGURE DCV menu structure ........................................................................................................ 3-15

Table 3-7 CONFIGURE ACV menu structure ........................................................................................................ 3-16

Table 3-8 DCV and ACV integration times set-by-resolution................................................................................. 3-17

Table 3-9 DCV and ACV auto filter ........................................................................................................................ 3-18

Table 3-10 DCV and ACV auto resolution ................................................................................................................ 3-18

Table 3-11 CONFIGURE DCI menu structure .......................................................................................................... 3-30

Table 3-12 CONFIGURE ACI menu structure .......................................................................................................... 3-31

Table 3-13 DCI and ACI integration time set-by-resolution...................................................................................... 3-31

Table 3-14 DCI and ACI auto filter ........................................................................................................................... 3-32

Table 3-15 DCI and ACI auto resolution ................................................................................................................... 3-32

Table 3-16 CONFIGURE OHMS-2W menu structure .............................................................................................. 3-37

Table 3-17 CONFIGURE OHMS-4W menu structure .............................................................................................. 3-38

Table 3-18 Table 3-19 Table 3-20

Table 3-21 Trigger level range and increments.......................................................................................................... 3-41

Table 3-22 CONFIGURE FREQUENCY menu structure ......................................................................................... 3-42

Table 3-23 CONFIG TEMPERATURE menu structure ............................................................................................ 3-47

Table 3-24 Translating SPRTD coefficients .............................................................................................................. 3-49

Table 3-25 Temperature integration time set-by-resolution....................................................................................... 3-50

Table 3-26 Temperature auto resolution .................................................................................................................... 3-51

Table 3-27 Allowable rel values................................................................................................................................. 3-53

Table 3-28 CONFIGURE TRIGGER menu structure................................................................................................ 3-55

Table 3-29 Reading storage options ........................................................................................................................... 3-80

2 and 2 and 2 and

4 integration time set-by-resolution ......................................................................................... 3-38

4 auto filter ............................................................................................................................... 3-39

4 auto resolution....................................................................................................................... 3-39

Ω

Table 3-30 CONFIG DATA STORE menu structure.................................................................................................. 3-80

Table 3-31 Available functions in burst mode............................................................................................................. 3-81

Table 3-32 Burst mode sequence ................................................................................................................................. 3-82

Table 3-33 Fill-and-stop sequence ............................................................................................................................... 3-84

Table 3-34 Pretrigger sequence ................................................................................................................................... 3-85

Table 3-35 Continuous sequence ................................................................................................................................. 3-85

Table 3-36 Auto filters ................................................................................................................................................. 3-89

Table 3-37 CONFIG-FILTER menu structure ............................................................................................................ 3-89

Table 3-38 CONFIGURE MATH menu structure....................................................................................................... 3-93

Table 3-39 CHANNEL SELECTION menu structure ................................................................................................ 3-95

Table 3-40 CONFIGURE CHANNELS menu structure ............................................................................................. 3-96

Table 3-41 SCAN OPERATION menu structure ........................................................................................................ 3-98

Table 3-42 Main menu structure ................................................................................................................................ 3-106

Table 3-43 Factory default conditions ....................................................................................................................... 3-109

Table 3-44 Limit values and actions ......................................................................................................................... 3-118

4 IEEE-488 Reference

Table 4-1 IEEE contact designations........................................................................................................................... 4-3

Table 4-2 HP BASIC 4.0 IEEE-488 statements .......................................................................................................... 4-4

Table 4-3 General bus commands and associated BASIC statements....................................................................... 4-26

Table 4-4 IEEE-488.2 common commands and queries ........................................................................................... 4-35

Table 4-5 Signal oriented measurement command summary.................................................................................... 4-51

Table 4-6 Calculate command summary ................................................................................................................... 4-59

Table 4-7 CALibrate command summary ................................................................................................................. 4-77

Table 4-8 DISPlay command summary..................................................................................................................... 4-79

Table 4-9 FORMat command summary .................................................................................................................... 4-85

Table 4-10 OUTPut command summary ..................................................................................................................... 4-92

Table 4-11 ROUTe command summary ...................................................................................................................... 4-94

Table 4-12 SENSe command summary ..................................................................................................................... 4-107

Table 4-13 Auto aperture; ACI .................................................................................................................................. 4-121

Table 4-14 Auto aperture; DCI .................................................................................................................................. 4-121

Table 4-15 Auto aperture; ACV ................................................................................................................................ 4-122

Table 4-16 Auto aperture; DCV,

Table 4-17 Auto NPLC; ACI ..................................................................................................................................... 4-126

Table 4-18 Auto NPLC; DCI ..................................................................................................................................... 4-126

Table 4-19 Auto NPLC; ACV ................................................................................................................................... 4-126

Table 4-20 Auto NPLC; DCV,

Table 4-21 Auto resolution; ACI ............................................................................................................................... 4-139

Table 4-22 Auto resolution; DCI ............................................................................................................................... 4-140

Table 4-23 Auto resolution; ACV.............................................................................................................................. 4-140

Table 4-24 Auto resolution; DCV,

Table 4-25 Auto resolution; TEMP ........................................................................................................................... 4-141

Table 4-26 RTD coefficients to Model 2001 coefficients ........................................................................................ 4-159

Table 4-27 SOURce command summary .................................................................................................................. 4-167

Table 4-28 STATus command summary ................................................................................................................... 4-169

Table 4-29 SYSTem command summary .................................................................................................................. 4-197

Table 4-30 Minimum delay times for stream mode................................................................................................... 4-205

Table 4-31 TRACe command summary .................................................................................................................... 4-211

Table 4-32 Trigger command summary .................................................................................................................... 4-221

Table 4-33 UNIT command summary ....................................................................................................................... 4-233

2 and

4............................................................................................................. 4-122

4 ............................................................................................................... 4-127

4.......................................................................................................... 4-140

xii

APPENDICES

Table D-1 Calculate command summary.................................................................................................................... D-2

Table D-2 CALibrate command summary.................................................................................................................. D-3

Table D-3 DISPlay command summary ..................................................................................................................... D-4

Table D-4 FORMat command summary..................................................................................................................... D-5

Table D-5 OUTPut command summary ..................................................................................................................... D-5

Table D-6 ROUTe command summary ...................................................................................................................... D-6

Table D-7 SENSe command summary ....................................................................................................................... D-7

Table D-8 SOURce command summary................................................................................................................... D-16

Table D-9 STATus command summary ................................................................................................................... D-16

Table D-10 SYSTem command summary .................................................................................................................. D-17

Table D-11 TRACe command summary..................................................................................................................... D-18

Table D-12 Trigger command summary ..................................................................................................................... D-19

Table D-13 UNIT command summary ....................................................................................................................... D-20

Table E-1 Model 2001 interface function codes.......................................................................................................... E-1

Table G-1 BASIC statements necessary to send bus commands ................................................................................ G-3

Table H-1 IEEE-488 bus command summary ............................................................................................................ H-4

Table H-2 Hexadecimal and decimal command codes ............................................................................................... H-7

Table H-3 Typical addressed command sequence ...................................................................................................... H-7

Table H-4 Typical common command sequence ........................................................................................................ H-7

Table H-5 IEEE command groups .............................................................................................................................. H-8

Table I-1 IEEE-488 documentation requirements ....................................................................................................... I-1

Table I-2 Coupled commands ...................................................................................................................................... I-2

Table J-1 Syntax of SCPI confirmed commands implemented by Model 2001......................................................... J-1

Table J-2 Syntax of non-SCPI commands implemented by Model 2001................................................................... J-7

xiii



General Information

1.1 Introduction

This section contains general information about the Model 2001 Multimeter. It is arranged in the following manner:

1.2 Features

1.3 Warranty information

1.4 Manual addenda

1.5 Safety symbols and terms

1.6 Speciﬁcations

1.7 Inspection

1.8 Options and accessories

1.2 Features

Some important Model 2001 features include:

• Full range of functions multimeter can measure DC voltage (normal and peak spikes), AC voltage (RMS, average, and peak), DC current (normal and in-circuit), AC current (RMS and average), two and four-wire resistance (normal and offsetcompensated), frequency, and temperature (resistance temperature devices or thermocouples).

• Two-line display are shown on an alphanumeric display having a 20character top line and a 32-character bottom line.

• Multifunction measuring and display panel, you can configure the instrument to sequentially measure and simultaneously display readings of multiple functions.

Among other functions, the

Readings and front panel messages

From the front

• Reading and setup storage can be stored and recalled from the front panel or over the IEEE-488 bus. For example, the buffer can be programmed to store up to 850 readings at 4.5 digits, or up to 250 time-stamped readings at 6.5 digits. The Model 2001 can be configured with memory options that extend the storage capacity up to 30,000 readings and ten setups.

• High-speed measurements of acquiring, for example, 2000 readings/second at 4.5 digits of resolution, and 215 readings/second at 6.5 digits.

• Talk-only mode instrument to send readings to an IEEE-488 printer or, with an optional adapter, to a Centronics printer.

• Digital calibration calibrated from either the front panel or over the bus.

• Standard IEEE-488 interface forms to the IEEE-488.2 and SCPI standards.

• Trigger link vides more versatile and precise external triggering. It is in addition to the standard Trigger In/Measurement Complete BNC external triggering techniques.

• Optional field-installable internal scanner 10-channel scanner card, which includes eight channels of 2-pole relay switching and two channels of 2-pole solid-state switching. All channels can be configure for 4-pole operation.

From the front panel, you can set the

The instrument may be digitally

This is a new trigger concept that pro-

Readings and setup data

The instrument is capable

Bus operation con-

This is a

1-1

General Information

1.3 Warranty information

Warranty information is located on the inside front cover of this instruction manual. Should your Model 2001 require warranty service, contact the Keithley representative or authorized repair facility in your area for further information. When returning the instrument for repair, be sure to fill out and include the service form at the back of this manual to provide the repair facility with the necessary information.

1.4 Manual addenda

Any improvements or changes concerning the instrument or manual will be explained in an addendum included with the manual. Be sure to note these changes and incorporate them into the manual.

1.5 Safety symbols and terms

The following symbols and terms may be found on an instrument or used in this manual.

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

physical damage that may have occurred during transit. (Note: There may be a protective film over the display lens, which can be removed.) Report any damage to the shipping agent immediately. Save the original packing carton for possible future reshipment. The following items are included with every Model 2001 order:

• Model 2001 Multimeter (with MEM1 or MEM2 memory option, if ordered) with line cord.

• Model 8605 High Performance Modular Test Leads.

• Model 2001 Operator’s Manual and Model 2001 Calibration Manual.

• Accessories as ordered.

• Full calibration data (conforming to MIL-STD 45662A).

If an additional manual is required, order the appropriate manual package:

• Keithley part number 2001-900-00 for the Operator’s Manual.

• Keithley part number 2001-905-00 for the Calibration Manual.

• Keithley part number 2001-902-00 for the Repair Manual.

The manual packages include a manual and any pertinent addenda.

The symbol on an instrument shows that high voltage may be present on the terminal(s). Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The

WARNING

gers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The

CAUTION

ards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

heading used in this manual explains dan-

heading used in this manual explains haz-

1.6 Speciﬁcations

Full Model 2001 specifications are included in Appendix A.

1.7 Inspection

The Model 2001 was carefully inspected, both electrically and mechanically before shipment. After unpacking all items from the shipping carton, check for any obvious signs of

1.8 Options and accessories

The following options and accessories are available from Keithley for use with the Model 2001.

Model 1050 Padded Carrying Case —

a Model 2001 or a Model 7001. Includes handles and shoulder strap.

Models 2001/MEM1 and 2001/MEM2 —

configurations of the Model 2001 extend its storage capacity. The MEM1 option has 32K-bytes for non-volatile storage of fi e setups, and 7000 readings in compact format or 1400 readings in full format. The MEM2 option has 128K-bytes for non-volatile storage of ten setups, and 30000 compact readings or 6000 full readings.

Model 2001-SCAN —

that installs within the Model 2001. It has eight channels of 2-pole relay switching and two channels of 2-pole solid-state switching. All channels can be configured for 4-pole operation. Included are two pairs of leads for connection to Model 2001 rear panel inputs (Keithley part number CA-109).

This is a 10-channel scanner card

A carrying case for

These optional

1-2

General Information

Model 4288-1 Single Fixed Rack Mount Kit —

single Model 2001 in a standard 19-inch rack.

Model 4288-2 Side-by-side Rack Mount Kit —

two instruments (Models 182, 428, 486, 487, 2001, 7001) side-by-side in a standard 19-inch rack.

Model 4288-3 Side-by-side Rack Mount Kit —

Model 2001 and a Model 199 side-by-side in a standard 19inch rack.

Model 4288-4 Side-by-side Rack Mount Kit —

Model 2001 and a 5-inch instrument (Models 195A, 196, 220, 224, 230, 263, 595, 614, 617, 705, 740, 775, etc.) sideby-side in a standard 19-inch rack.

Models 7007-1 and 7007-2 Shielded IEEE-488 Cables —

Connect the Model 2001 to the IEEE-488 bus using shielded cables and connectors to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI). The Model 7007-1 is one meter long; the Model 7007-2 is two meters long.

Models 8501-1 and 8501-2 Trigger Link Cables —

nect the Model 2001 to other instruments with Trigger Link connectors (e.g., Model 7001 Switch System). The Model 8501-1 is one meter long; the Model 8501-2 is two meters long.

Model 8502 Trigger Link Adapter —

nect the Trigger Link of the Model 2001 to instruments that use the standard BNC (In/Out) external triggering technique.

Allows you to con-

Mounts a

Mounts

Mounts a

Con-

Models 5805 and 5805-12 Kelvin Probes —

two spring-loaded Kelvin test probes with banana plug termination. Designed to be used with instruments that measure 4-terminal resistance. The Model 5805 is 0.9m long; the Model 5805-12 is 3.6m long.

Model 5806 Kelvin Clip Lead Set —

clip test leads (0.9m) with banana plug termination. Designed for instruments that measure 4-terminal resistance. A set of eight replacement rubber bands for the Model 5806 is available as Keithley P/N GA-22.

Model 8604 SMD Probe Set —

(3ft), each terminated with a surface mount device “grabber” clip on one end and a banana plug with retractable sheath on the other end.

Model 8610 Low Thermal Shorting Plug —

four banana plugs mounted to a 1-inch square circuit board, interconnected to provide a short circuit among all plugs.

Model 8611 Low Thermal Patch Leads —

test leads (3ft), each with a banana plug with a retractable sheath at each end. These leads minimize the thermallyinduced offsets that can be created by test leads.

Model 8612 Low Thermal Spade Leads —

test leads (3ft), each terminated with a spade lug on one end and a banana plug with a retractable sheath on the other end. These leads minimize the thermally-induced offsets that can be created by test leads.

Includes two Kelvin

Consists of two test leads

Consists of

Consists of two

Model 8530 IEEE-488 to Centronics Printer Adapter Cable —

Translates the IEEE-488 connector pinout and signal level to a Centronics termination. This permits a standard Centronics parallel printer to be connected to a Model 2001 in TALK-ONLY mode.

Model 8605 High Performance Modular Test Leads —

Consists of two high voltage (1000V) test probes and leads. The test leads are terminated with a banana plug with retractable sheath on each end. (Each Model 2001 is shipped with one set of these test leads.)

Model 8606 High Performance Probe Tip Kit —

of two spade lugs, two alligator clips, and two spring hook test probes. (The spade lugs and alligator clips are rated at 30V RMS, 42.4V peak; the test probes are rated at 1000V.) These components are designed to be used with high performance test leads terminated with banana plugs, such as the Model 8605 High Performance Modular Test Leads.

The following test leads and probes are rated at 30V RMS,

42.4V peak:

Consists

Model 8680 RTD Probe Adapter —

terminated and unterminated cables to instruments with banana jacks for measuring 4-terminal resistance. It has a 4-pin “T”-style connector and a 4-pin screw terminal block.

Model 8681 Miniature RTD Surface Probe —

cost platinum 4-wire-RTD with unterminated wires. It is designed to measure the temperature of flat surfaces or free space.

Model 8693 General Purpose/Immersion RTD Probe —

This probe has a platinum RTD sensor. It is designed for immersion in liquids as well as other general purpose applications.

Model 8695 Surface RTD Probe —

num RTD sensor. It is designed to measure the temperature of flat sur aces of solids.

Model 8696 Air/Gas RTD Probe —

num RTD sensor. It has an exposed junction within a protective shroud for measuring the temperature of air or gases.

This adapts RTDs with

This is a low

This probe has a plati-

1-3

The Keithley Applications Department is available at 1-800-348-3735 (U.S. only) to answer any questions about the Model 2001.

2.1 Introduction

Getting Started

This section contains introductory information on operating your Model 2001 Multimeter. For detailed front panel and IEEE-488 bus operation, refer to Sections 3 and 4 respectively.

The information in this section is arranged as follows:

2.2 Front and rear panel summary:

trols and connectors on the front and rear panels, and the front panel display of the instrument.

2.3 Overview of measurement process:

description of the measurement process.

2.4 Initial conﬁguration:

information that should be considered before operation.

2.5 Front panel operation:

el operation through the use of simple examples.

2.6 IEEE-488.2 and SCPI basics:

information concerning operation over the IEEE-488 bus, including programming examples.

The IEEE-488 bus is also referred to as GPIB, the general purpose interface bus. Both terms are used with the Model 2001 and in this manual.

Reviews initial configuratio

Demonstrates basic front pan-

NOTE

Describes the con-

Provides a brief

Discusses fundamental

2.2 Front and rear panel summary

2.2.1 Front panel

The front panel controls and connections of the Model 2001 are shown in Figure 2-1. This figure includes important abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument. Notice that some of the controls are dualfunction, rocker-action type keys. These include REL/TRIG, STORE/RECALL, FILTER/MATH, / , INFO/LOCAL, CHAN/SCAN, CONFIG/MENU, and EXIT/ENTER.

2.2.2 Rear panel

The rear panel of the Model 2001 is shown in Figure 2-2. This figure also includes abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument.

2-1

Getting Started

ERR REM TALK LSTN SRQ REAR REL FILT MATH 4W AUTO ARM TRIG SMPL

Reading Display Line

Status Line/Additional

Reading Display Line

DISPLAY

POWER

DCV ACV DCI ACI Ω2 Ω4

REL TRIG

INFO LOCAL EXIT ENTER

1 ANNUNCIATORS

ERR: Questionable reading (see paragraph 4.21) REM: In remote TALK: Addressed to talk LSTN: Addressed to listen SRQ: Service Request REAR: Reading acquired from rear inputs REL: Relative reading displayed FILT: Digital filter enabled MATH: Math calculation enabled 4W: 4-wire resistance reading displayed AUTO: Autoranging enabled ARM: Trigger armed; not in idle. *(asterisk): Readings being stored

2 FUNCTION KEYS

DCV: DC voltage Ω2: 2-wire resistance ACV: AC voltage Ω4: 4-wire resistance DCI: DC current FREQ: Frequency ACI: AC current TEMP: Temperature

3 RANGE KEYS

 : Moves to higher range; increments digit  : Moves to lower range; increments digit

AUTO: Enables/disables autorange

4 HANDLE (not shown)

Pull out and rotate to desired position

5 DISPLAY KEYS

PREV: Moves to previous multiple display of a function NEXT: Moves to next multiple display of a function

6 POWER

0 = OFF 1 = ON

Range : 200mVDC

STORE RECALL

CHAN SCAN

7 OPERATION KEYS

8 INPUT CONNECTIONS

9 INPUTS

10 CAL

INPUT

2A 250V

AMPS

1100V PEAK

500V PEAK

FILTER MATH

CONFIG MENU

2001 MULTIMETER

FREQ TEMP

RANGE

AUTO

RANGE

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

350V PEAK

INPUTS

FRONT/REAR

CAL

910

REL: Enables/disables relative reading TRIG: Triggers unit STORE: Enables data storage RECALL: Displays reading data (reading, number, time). Use PREV/NEXT

DISPLAY for maximum

FILTER: Displays digital filter status for present function and toggles filter on/

off

MATH: Displays math calculation and toggles math on/off if configured

and : Moves cursor among data entry digits, menu selections, and

information displays INFO: Shows context-sensitive information about the present display LOCAL: Cancels IEEE-488 remote CHAN: Selects internal scanner channel to measure (1-10) SCAN: Performs scan of internal or external scanner channels, or ratio or

delta CONFIG: Configures functions and operations MENU: Saves/restores instrument conditions; sets up GPIB; performs cali-

bration and self-tests; defines limits, buffer, digital I/O, autozero EXIT: Cancels selection, moves back within menu structure ENTER: Holds reading, enters selection, moves down within menu structure

INPUT HI and LO: Used for making DC volts, AC volts, and 2-wire resis-

tance measurements AMPS: Used in conjunction with INPUT LO to make DC current and AC

current measurements. Also holds current input fuse (2A, 250V, fast blow,

5×20mm) SENSE Ω4 WIRE HI and LO: Used with INPUT HI and LO to make 4-wire

resistance measurements

Selects input connections on front or rear panels

Enables calibration functions

Figure 2-1

Model 2001 front panel

2-2

WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

1 2 3

Getting Started

INPUT

1100V

HI LO

PEAK

350V PEAK

SENSE

Ω 4 WIRE

EXTERNAL TRIGGER INPUT

Trigger Reading

TTL HI

>10µsec

BNC CONNECTIONS

TTL LO

LO (Chassis)

EXTERNAL

AMPS

500V

2A MAX

PEAK

AMPS

FUSE

2A, 250V

OPTION SLOT

6 7

METER COMPLETE OUTPUT

TRIGGER

INPUT

Reading Complete

>10µsec

MADE IN

U.S.A.

METER

COMPLETE

OUTPUT

DIGITAL I/O

TTL HI

TTL LO

IN OUT

TRIGGER

LINK

LINE RATING

90-134VAC

180-250VAC

50, 60, 400HZ

55VA MAX

IEEE-488

(CHANGE IEEE ADDRESS

WITH FRONT PANEL MENU)

LINE FUSE

SLOWBLOW

1/2A, 250V

1 INPUT CONNECTIONS

INPUT HI and LO: Used for making DC volts, AC volts,

and 2-wire resistance measurements.

AMPS: Used in conjunction with INPUT LO to make DC

current and AC current measurements.

SENSE Ω4 WIRE HI and LO: Used with INPUT HI and LO

to make 4-wire resistance measurements

2 FAN

Keep filter clean to ensure proper instrument cooling.

3 POWER LINE INPUT

90-134VAC and 180-250VAC (universal); 50, 60, or

400Hz (self-identifying)

WARNING: Connect to grounded outlet using 3-wire

power cord.

4 LINE FUSE

Provides protection on the AC power line, Replace only

with 0.5A, 250V, slow blow, 5×20mm

Figure 2-2

Model 2001 rear panel

5 SCANNER

Optional Model 2001-SCAN Scanner Card installs in this slot

6 AMPS FUSE

Holds current input fuse (2A, 250V, fast blow, 5×20mm)

7 DIGITAL I/O

A DB-9 connector for the TTL-compatible digital I/O with on in-

put and four outputs

8 TRIGGER LINK IN and OUT

Two 8-pin micro DIN connectors for sending and receiving trig-

ger pulses among other instruments. (See paragraph 3.7.7)

9 IEEE-488 CONNECTOR

Connects the instrument to the IEEE-488 (GPIB) bus. NOTE: Use

shielded IEEE-488 cables

2-3

Getting Started



2.2.3 Front panel display

Normal displays

In the normal display mode, the front panel of the Model 2001 shows the following:

• Top line scanning. Where needed for clarification, the type of measurement.

• Bottom line frequency coupling and terminals; temperature sensor.

Most readings have from 3.5 to 7.5 digits of resolution. For example, an AC voltage measurement (RMS type), at 5.5 digits on the 200VAC range would be displayed as follows:

+000.000 VAC RMS

Range: 200 VAC Coupling: AC

With a math operation enabled (percent or mX+b), the reading could be expressed in scientific notation, such as

+5.0000e+03 VAC %

Range: 200 VAC Coupling: AC

Multiple displays

The mode called multiple display is accessed from the normal display by pressing the NEXT or PREVious DISPLAY keys. Each measurement function has its own set of multiple displays.

In the multiple display mode, the Model 2001 can show the readings of up to three separate measurements. For example, in the DC voltage function, one of the multiple displays shows DC volts, AC ripple voltage, and ripple frequency:

+00.00000 VDC

+00.0000 VAC +000.00 Hz

Or, a multiple display can show a bar graph, such as:

Readings, units, and channel number if

Range, if fi ed; ACV and ACI coupling;

INFO displays

There are context-sensitive information message displays for most front panel operations. The explanatory information is toggled on and off with the INFO key. For example, the INFO message for one of the DCV multiple displays is:

INFO: VDC, VAC, Hz

Shows DC value, AC ripple, and

the ripple frequency.

where the blinking and characters signify that the front panel cursor keys must be used to view the complete bottom line.

INFO messages are listed in Appendix H.

Conﬁguration menu displays

Each measurement function is individually configured by pressing CONFIG followed by the function key. In addition, operations that affect all measurement functions, such as triggers, data storage, and limits, are also configured by pressing CONFIG followed by the operation key.

The top level of the configurationmenu for DC voltage is accessed by pressing the CONFIG key, and then the DCV key. The resulting display reads:

CONFIGURE DCV

SPEED FILTER RESOLUTION

In some cases, menu selections branch off to further defin the options, such as the following for the SPEED option:

DCV MEASUREMENT SPEED

NORMAL FAST MEDIUM HIACCURACY

SET-SPEED-EXACTLY SET-BY-RSLN

Configuration menus for all functions and operations are shown in Appendix H. Guidelines for navigating the front panel menus are summarized in Table 2-2.

+12.00000 VDC

0|=====|=====|== | |+20V

The complete set of multiple displays is listed in Appendix H. They are described in detail in Section 3. The set for the DC voltage function is also shown in Table 2-1.

2-4

Table 2-1

DCV multiple displays

Display Description

Getting Started

+00.00000 VDC

Range: 20 VDC NEXT ↓↑ PREV

+00.00000 VDC

+00.0000 VAC +000.00 Hz NEXT ↓↑ PREV

+00.00000 VDC

Pos-Pk=+00.00 V Highest=+00.00 V NEXT ↓↑ PREV

+00.00000 VDC

Neg-Pk=+00.00 V Lowest=+00.00 V NEXT ↓↑ PREV

+00.00000 VDC

Pos-Pk=+00.00 V Neg-Pk=+00.00 V NEXT ↓↑ PREV

+10.00000 VDC

0|=====|=====| | |+20V NEXT ↓↑ PREV

+10.00000 VDC

-50% | | |====|====| +50% NEXT ↓↑ PREV

+00.00000 VDC

Max=+00.00000 Min=+00.00000 NEXT ↓↑ PREV

+00.00000 VDC

Actual=+00.00000 (without REL) NEXT ↓↑ PREV

+00.00000 VDC

Reading=+00.00000 NEXT ↓↑ PREV

+00.00000 VDC PASS

+00.00000 VDC CH02

CH01=+00.0000 V CH03=+00.0000 V NEXT ↓↑ PREV

Note: Press the NEXT and PREV DISPLAY keys to scroll through the multiple displays (with wraparound).

Normal display. (Range not shown if auto-range.)

AC ripple voltage and frequency.

Positive peak spikes and highest value.

Negative peak spikes and lowest value.

Positive and negative peak spikes.

Bar graph to + or - full scale.

Zero-centered bar graph with adjustable limits.

Maximum and minimum values.

Value with REL applied. Actual value.

Result of math operation. Reading before math.

HI/LO/PASS bar graph with adjustable limits.

Readings of adjacent internal channels (with Model 2001-SCAN option).

2-5

Getting Started

Table 2-2

Menu summary

Action Description

CONFIG-DCV Press the CONFIG key, then the DCV

key, to view the top level of the DCV configuration menu. Access to other function and operation configurations are similar, e.g., CONFIG-ACV or CONFIG-TRIG.

MENU Press the MENU key to view the top

level of the main menu. The operations that have no corresponding key are included in the main menu.

or Use the cursor keys to move the high-

lighted cursor among menu selections, or the digits of a parameter value, or change channels on the scanner.

RANGE  RANGE 

Use the RANGE keys to increment and decrement digits of a parameter value.

ENTER Accepts menu selection or data entry.

EXIT Cancels changed menu selection. Also

returns you to the previous menu level.

INFO Displays context-sensitive information

about the present menu level. Toggles information message on/off.

Message displays

While operating the Model 2001, the front panel display is also used for showing status and error messages. These messages are shown to inform you of parameter conflicts, trigger overruns, etc. Refer to paragraph 3.3.4 for a complete list of these messages.

Section 4, IEEE-488 Reference, describes the programming of user messages to be shown on the front panel. (See the DISPlay subsystem.) Both lines of the display are available for this purpose.

2.3 Overview of measurement process

The following overview is intended to acquaint you with the basic measurement fundamentals without overwhelming you with the details of enhanced capabilities. This brief overview is sufficient to support the operation examples in paragraphs 2.5 (front panel) and 2.6 (IEEE-488 bus). For a complete explanation on all aspects of the measurement process, see paragraph 3.7.

The simplified model for a measurement operation is shown in Figure 2-3. As shown, the measurement operation consists of three layers: the arm layer, scan layer, and measure layer.

Idle

Buffered readings display

After readings have been stored in the buffer, they are displayed on the front panel by pressing the RECALL key. This action brings up the first reading in the uffer, such as:

+00.00000 VDC

Rdg#+00000 @Time=+000.000000 sec

where the top line shows the reading, and the bottom line shows the reading number and time-stamp. The RANGE  and  keys scroll through the readings and the and keys change the digit being scrolled. You can scroll through statistical data on the buffered readings by pressing the NEXT and PREVious DISPLAY keys. This also gives you the option of printing the data.

NOTE

Buffered readings are preserved across power transition when the memory options are installed.

Yes

Another

Arm

Another

Scan

Another

Measure-

ment

Arm

Layer

Scan

Layer

Measure

Layer

Arm

Event

Scan

Event

Measure

Event

Device

Action

igure 2-3

implified model of measu ement operation

Arm

Count

Scan

Count

Measure

Count

2-6

Getting Started

2.3.1 Idle

The instrument is considered to be in the idle state whenever it is not operating within one of the layers of the model. The front panel ARM indicator is off when the instrument is in the idle state.

When the Model 2001 is taken out of the idle state by pressing TRIG (or sending the :INIT or :INIT:CONT ON command over the IEEE-488 bus), the ARM indicator turns on and operation proceeds into the arm layer.

2.3.2 Arm layer

In general, the instrument requires an arm event to allow operation to proceed to the scan layer. With an arm source of Immediate (the factory default), operation immediately proceeds to the next layer when the instrument is taken out of the idle state. With one of the other arm sources selected, the instrument waits until the appropriate event occurs, as explained below:

• External  The instrument waits for an input trigger

(via EXTERNAL TRIGGER connector on rear panel).

• Manual  The instrument waits until the front panel

TRIG key is pressed.

• GPIB  The instrument waits until a bus trigger (GET

or *TRG) is received.

• Trigger Link  The instrument waits until an input

trigger is received (via TRIGGER LINK).

• Hold  The instrument waits in the arm layer until the

arm source is changed. (Note: the signal and immediate layer commands, that is, :ARM:LAY1:SIGN and :ARM:LAY1:IMM, will satisfy the event detection logic.)

NOTE

With the Immediate trigger source selected, a “trigger ignored” message will be displayed if an external trigger is sent to the Model 2001 or a manual trigger (i.e., pressing TRIG key) occurs. The external or manual trigger is not used (ignored).

After all scan and measure operations are complete, the instrument can be returned to the arm layer by programming the instrument for additional arms. The arm count can be set to a finite value (1 to 99,999) or to infinit . The factory default value is one.

After the instrument leaves the arm layer, operation proceeds into the scan layer.

2.3.3 Scan layer

In general, the instrument requires a scan event to allow operation to proceed to the measure layer. With a scan source of Immediate (the factory default), operation immediately proceeds to the next layer. With one of the other scan sources selected (External, Manual, GPIB, Trigger Link, Timer, or Hold), the instrument waits until the appropriate event occurs.

With a scan source of Timer, the first pass through the scan layer occurs immediately. If programmed for additional scans, the instrument waits for an interval between 1msec and 999,999.999 seconds.

The scan count (number of scans) can be set to a finite value (1 to 99,999) or to infinit . The “bench” factory default value is infinit .

NOTE

After the instrument leaves the scan layer, operation proceeds into the measure layer.

2.3.4 Measure layer

In general, measure events control the reading rate. With a measure source of Immediate (the factory default), a device action occurs immediately. The device action consists of taking a reading. If scanning is selected, the device action consists of taking a reading, opening a channel, configuring for next function in scan list, and closing a channel.

With one of the other measure sources selected (External, Manual, GPIB, Trigger Link, Timer, or Hold), the instrument waits until the appropriate event occurs before taking a reading and, optionally, scanning a channel.

With a measure source of Timer, the first reading is taken immediately. Each additional reading waits for the Timer to time out before it is taken.

NOTE

2-7

+ 472 hidden pages

Keithley Keithley Instruments 2001 Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

WARRANTY

Safety Precautions

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

List of Tables

General Information

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Features

1.3 Warranty information

1.4 Manual addenda

1.5 Safety symbols and terms

1.7 Inspection

1.8 Options and accessories

2.1 Introduction

Getting Started

2.2 Front and rear panel summary

2.3 Overview of measurement process