Keithley 7711, 7712 User Manual

Model 7711/7712

User’s Guide

PA-818 Rev. B / 8-03

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

WARRANTY

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 1 year
from date of shipment.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable
batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective.

To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio.
You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service
facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for
the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.

LIMITATION OF WARRANTY

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley’s express written consent, or
misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from
battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions.

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES PRO­VIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.

NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS
INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE
OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIM­ITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY
PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.

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5/03

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using
this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some in­struments and accessories would normally be used with non-haz­ardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions
may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recog­nize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions re­quired to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation,
operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the
product. Refer to the manual for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection pro­vided by the product may be impaired.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body

and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is
operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for en­suring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators

trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instru­ment. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with
hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel

to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage
or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are de­scribed in the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator
may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by
service personnel.

Service personnel

safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly trained ser­vice personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that
are rated Measurement Category I and Measurement Category II, as
described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O sig­nals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connect­ed to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over­voltages. Measurement Category II connections require protection
for high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC
mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O
connections are for connection to Category I sources unless other­wise marked or described in the Manual.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal
voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock
hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V
peak, or 60VDC are present.

that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before
measuring.

is the individual or group responsible for the use

use the product for its intended function. They must be

perform routine procedures on the product

are trained to work on live circuits, and perform

A good safety practice is to expect

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at
all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are pre­vented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In
some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human con­tact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to
protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is
capable of operating at or above 1000 volts,

the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits.
They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources.
NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When con­necting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to lim­it fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connect­ed to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting
cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks
before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is
restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power dis­connect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equip­ment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any
other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test.
ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge
any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jump­ers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal
changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the com­mon side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always
make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated
surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its
specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the equip­ment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and ac­cessories, as defined in the specifications and operating informa­tion, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or
switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating
for continued protection against fire hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for
measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.

If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is ap­plied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a
lid interlock.

no conductive part of

5/03

If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the
wire recommended in the user documentation.

!

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should re­fer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or mea­sure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal
and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to
avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment
frame.

The

WARNING

result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated infor­mation very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The

CAUTION

damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.

Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and
all test cables.

heading in a manual explains dangers that might

heading in a manual explains hazards that could

To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement
components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test
leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instru­ments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals,
may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components
that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as
long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that se­lected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments
to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are
unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a
Keithley Instruments office for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based
cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply
cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill
on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no
case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a
computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to in­structions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is af­fected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper
cleaning/servicing.

Keithley Instruments, Inc.

28775 Aurora Road
Cleveland, Ohio 44139
[phone]
Fax: [phone]
www.keithley.com

The information in this User’s Guide is organized as follows:

Introduction on page 2

• Available accessories on page 2

Card configuration — schematic on page 3

Expansion on page 4

• Multiplexer examples on page 4

•4 × 4 Blocking matrix example on page 7

•4 × 4 Non-blocking matrix example on page 8

Wiring procedure on page 10

Operation on page 11

• Channel assignments on page 11

Close/Open channels on page 11

• Multiple channel operation on page 11

S-parameters on page 12

• Unlocking calibration on page 12

• CALibration subsystem on page 13

SYSTem subsystem on page 14

Measurement considerations on page 15

• Termination of unused connectors on page 15

• Power handling on page 15

• Additional measurement uncertainty on page 16

Application example on page 18

Service on page 22

• Performance verification on page 22

• Replaceable parts on page 24

Model 7711/7712

User’s Guide

PA-818 Rev. B / 8-03

Introduction

If you have any questions after reviewing this information, please contact your local Keithley representative or call one of our
Applications Engineers at 1-800-KEITHLEY (U.S. and Canada only).

The Model 7711/7712 is a single-pole dual 1 × 4 RF Multiplexer module (8 channels, no measurement capability). The 1 × 4
multiplex is a cascading tree design — one of the channels of each bank is always connected to a common out. The 1 × 4
multiplex is also referred to as a single-pole 4-throw (SP4T) switch. Refer to the simplified schematic in Figure 1 or the
specifications. The multiplex switching can be used to connect one instrument to multiple devices (1:N) or multiple
instruments to a single device (N:1). This card expands the Integra Series’ general purpose AC switching capability by
providing an RF switching capability above 1MHz. Each card has the following features:

• 10 SMA connectors with 50 Ω impedance

• Frequencies (refer to specifications)
Model 7711 — up to 2 GHz
Model 7712 — up to 3.5 GHz

• Two channels can be closed at one time—one channel to OUT A (channels 1–4) and one to OUT B (channels 5–8)

• Designed specifically for use with the Integra Series including Keithley’s Models 2700, 2701 and 2750 Multimeter
/ Data Acquisition Systems

NOTE All references to the Model 27xx apply to the Models 2700, 2701, and 2750.

With this in mind, the capability of the Model 27xx is expanded for applications such as the following:

• General AC and digital signal routing to and from test equipment. This includes oscilloscopes, function generators,
pulse generators, counter/timers, and signal analysis tools including network and jitter analyzers. Also, this includes
diverse applications that require RF and digital routing plus DC measurements for research, development, burn-in
and production testing, AC ripple and noise test for switching power supplies, and DC-DC converters.

• Research, development, and burn-in of temperature compensated oscillators.

• Research, development, and production test of communications or networking products including Ethernet, DSL,
DS3, T1/E1, etc.

WARNING Before operating the Model 27xx with an accessory card, verify that the card is properly

installed and the mounting screws are tightly fastened. If the mounting screws are not
properly connected, an electrical shock hazard may be present.

Available accessories

Model 7711 only

7711-BNC-SMA Male SMA to Female BNC, five 0.15m (0.5ft) cables

(Insertion loss < 1dB@1GHz, VSWR < 1.5@ 1GHz)
7051-2 BNC cable, male to male, 0.6m (2ft.)
7051-5 BNC cable, male to male, 1.5m (5ft.)
7051-10 BNC cable, male to male, 3.0m (10ft.)

2

Model 7711/7712

7712-SMA-1 SMA cable, male to male, flexible, low loss, 1m (3.3ft)

(Insertion loss < 0.65dB @ 2GHz, VSWR < 1.11 @2GHz)
7712-SMA-N Female SMA to Male N-Type Adapter
S46-SMA-1 SMA cable, male to male, 0.3m (1ft)
S46-SMA-0.5 SMA cable, male to male, 0.15m (0.5ft)

Card configuration—schematic

Figure 1 shows a simplified schematic diagram of the Model 7711/7712 module. As shown, the Model 7711/7712 has channels

that are grouped into dual 1 × 4 multiplexers. The multiplexer’s design allows 1 channel of each set of 4 to be closed at a time
(1 of 4 tree structure). Also, channels 1 and 5 are normally closed to OUT A and OUT B, respectively.

NOTE The Model 7711/7712 relays are set to close channels 1 and 5 a few seconds after either a power

cycle or a *RST command is issued (see Figure 1 for a schematic).

Figure 1

Simplified schematic for Model 7711/7712

Ch1

Ch2

OUT A

Ch3

Ch4

Ch5

Ch6

OUT B

Ch7

Ch8

NOTE To close channels 1 and 5 on a Model 7711/7712 in slot 1, send: :ROUT:MULT:CLOS

(@101,105)

The channels are controlled over the bus or from the front panel. The grounds for these channels are non-isolated. Detailed
connection information is contained later in this guide. By using the ROUT:MULT commands (refer to Section 2 of the
Model 27xx User’s Manual), they can be manually configured.

3

Expansion

One Model 7711/7712 configuration is a dual (2 bank) 1 × 4 multiplexer. A single Model 7711/7712 module can also be
configured as a 4 × 4 blocking matrix. The 7711/7712 can be combined with additional modules to further expand its
multiplexing and matrix switching capabilities (specifications may degrade when the Model 7711/7712 is used in multiple
module configurations). Refer to Table 1 for possible expansion information. Examples of multiplexer and blocking matrix
expansion follow Table 1.

Table 1

Matrix and multiplex expansion

Multiplexer Blocking Matrix

Number of 7711/7712 Cards 1 ××

1X X

2 XXX XX

3 XXXX X* XXX

*Using four cards in a Model 2750, a 4 × 4 non-blocking matrix can be created (see the 4 × 4 non-blocking matrix example on page 9).

NOTE The commands in this section are formatted as follows: Command (@Model 27xx Slot #,

Channel #)

××

41 ××

××

81 ××

××

12 1 ××

××

16 4 ××

××

44 ××

××

84 ××

××

12 4 ××

××

16

Multiplexer examples

NOTE To minimize noise within the system, terminate unused channels with 50

not available, terminating unused connectors with a cable may also reduce noise within the
system.

Figure 2 shows how to create a 1 × 8 SP8T MUX (single-pole eight-throw multiplex) using two Model 7711 cards. Channels 1

and 2 are connected to OUT A and OUT B of the second card in slot two. Terminate unused channels (in the example, channels
3 and 4 on the Model 7712 in slot one) with a 50 Ω load.

Figure 3 shows how to create a 1 × 12 MUX using two Model 7711 cards.

Ω

loads. If 50

Ω

loads are

NOTE Channels 3 and 4 (of 7711 in slot 1) may also be connected to other banks that will create a 1

multiplexer (or a 1
sample commands needed to operate the 1

NOTE The command “ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe (@<channel list>)” closes one channel per bank (two

banks per Model 7711/7712 module), and opens all other channels within the same bank.

4

×

16 multiplexer). See Figure 4 for a 1

×

8 multiplexer.

×

×

12 example. The following is a list of

12

Figure 2

1 x 8 MUX expansion

5

OUT A

7711/7712

Slot 1

>>

7711

CH7 CH1CH2OUT ACH3CH4CH5CH8 CH6OUT B

7711

CH7 CH1CH2OUT ACH3CH4CH5CH8 CH6OUT B

NOTE: The simplified schematic is shown in the

power up state (Channels 1 and 5 are
closed for cards in slots 1 and 2).

Grayed channels are not used in this
1 × 8 SP8T MUX.

S46-SMA-0.5
Cable (Qty 2)

7711/7712
Slot 2

Ch1

Ch2

Ch3

OUT A

>>

Ch4

SLOT 1

SLOT 2

Ch1

Ch2

Ch3

Ch4

Ch5

Ch6

Ch7

Ch8

Ch5

OUT B

>>

Ch6

Ch7

Ch8

To close to this crosspoint (CH7) send:

ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe(@102,207)

Figure 3

××

1

××

12 MUX expansion

6

OUT A

>>

7711/7712
Slot 1

7711

CH7 CH1CH2OUT ACH3CH4CH5CH8 CH6OUT B

7711

CH7 CH1CH2OUT ACH3CH4CH5CH8 CH6OUT B

NOTE: The simplified schematic is shown in the

power up state (Channels 1 and 5 are
closed for cards in slots 1 and 2).

Grayed channels are not used in this
1 × 12 SP12T MUX.

Ch1

Ch2

Ch3

Ch4

S46-SMA-0.5
Cable (Qty 3)

OUT A

OUT B

7711/7712
Slot 2

>>

>>

SLOT 1

SLOT 2

To close to this crosspoint (CH3) send:

ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe(@101,203)

Ch1

Ch2

Ch3

Ch4

To close to this crosspoint (CH7) send:

ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe(@102,207)

Ch5

Ch6

Ch7

Ch8

Terminate this
unused channel
in bank 1 with a 50Ω
load or an unconnected
S46-SMA-0.5 cable.

NOTE: Channels 5-8 on the 7711/7712

in slot 1 correspond to crosspoints
Channels 9-12 of the 1 × 12 SP12T
MUX.

OUT B

>>

Ch5 (Ch9)

Ch6 (Ch10)

Ch7 (Ch11)

Ch8 (Ch12)

To close to this crosspoint (CH11) send:

ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe(@103,107)

4

××

××

4 Blocking matrix example

Figure 4 shows how to connect a single Model 7711 in a 4 × 4 blocking matrix. This configuration provides a convenient way

to connect four DUTs to four different test instruments. In this configuration, one channel of bank 1 (channels 1 – 4) may be
routed to any channel of bank 2 (channels 5 – 6). Use a short coaxial cable to connect OUT A to OUT B (S46-SMA-0.5). con­tains example commands.

Figure 4

××

4

4 blocking matrix expansion

××

7711

CH7 CH1CH2OUT ACH3CH4CH5CH8 CH6OUT B

S46-SMA-0.5
Cable (Qty 1)

7711/7712
Slot 1

Ch1

Ch2

Ch3

Ch4

OUT A

OUT B

Ch5

Ch6

Ch7

Ch8

To route the signal between Ch4 and Ch8 send:

ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe(@104,108)

NOTE: The simplified schematic is shown in the

power up state (Channels 1 and 5
closed).

Table 2

××

4

××

4 Blocking matrix commands

Command Signal path

ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe (@101,105) Routes signal through channels 1 and 5

ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe (@103,106) Routes signal through channels 3 and 6

7

4 x 4 Non-blocking matrix example

Using a Model 2750 and four Model 7711/7712 cards, a 4 × 4 non-blocking matrix can be created. Figure 5 shows how to
connect the 7711/7712 modules. This configuration provides a convenient way to simultaneously connect up to 4 DUTs to 4
different test instruments. Use a short coaxial cable to connect the OUTs of each module as shown. contains a couple of
sample commands to control the matrix.

To use , select the IN connection (IN 1 – IN 4), and then in the same square select the OUT connection (OUT1 - OUT4). Send
the

ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe command with the channels in both “Ch” columns.

Table 3

××

4 Sample non-blocking matrix commands

4

××

Command Signal path

ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe (@101,405) Routes signal from IN1(OUT A of slot 1) through

OUT4 (OUT B of slot 4).

ROUTe:MULTiple:CLOSe (@101,405,108,302) Routes signal from IN1 (OUT A of slot 1) through

OUT4 (OUT B of slot 4), and also from IN2 (OUT B
of slot 1) through OUT1 (OUT A of slot 4).

Table 4

××

4

××

4 Non-blocking matrix channels

IN Ch Ch OUT IN Ch Ch OUT

IN 1 101 405 OUT4 IN 3 201 407 OUT4

102 401 OUT3 202 403 OUT3

103 305 OUT2 203 307 OUT2

104 301 OUT1 204 303 OUT1

IN Ch Ch OUT IN Ch Ch OUT

IN 2 105 406 OUT4 IN 4 205 408 OUT4

106 402 OUT3 206 404 OUT3

107 306 OUT2 207 308 OUT2

108 302 OUT1 208 304 OUT1

8