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Series 2600A System SourceMeter

User’s Manual

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

WARRANTY

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrant s this product to be free from defect s in materia l and workmanship fo r a per iod of one (1) year from date of shipment.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, software, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

During the warranty period, Keithley Instruments will, at its option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective.

To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley Instruments representative, or contact Keithley Instruments headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio. You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balan ce of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.

LIMITATION OF WARRANTY

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley Instruments’ express written consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from batter y leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions.

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.

NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE, EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COST OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.

A G R E A T E R M E A S U R E O F C O N F I D E N C E

Keithley Instruments, Inc.

Corporate Headquarters • 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139

440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168 • 1-888-KEITHLEY (1-888-534-8453) • www.keithley.com

3/07

Series 2600A

System SourceMeter® Instruments

User’s Manual

Any unauthorized reproduction, photocopy, or use the information herein, in whole or in part without the prior written

approval of Keithley Instruments, Inc. is strictly prohibited.

TSP, TSP-Link, and TSP-Net are trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.

All Keithley Instruments product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.

Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Document Number:

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product an d any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product. Refer to the user documentation for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product warranty may be impaired. The types of product users are: Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is

operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained. Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instrument.

They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits. Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line voltage or

replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the user documentation. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Safety Precautions

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, perform safe installations, and repair products. Only properly trained service

personnel may perform installation and service procedures. Keithley Instruments products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rate d Measurement Category I and Measurement

Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages. Measurement Category II connections require protection for high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the user documentation.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60V DC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000V, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance-limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, ensure that the line cord is connected to a properly-grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

11/07

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power

disconnect device must be provided in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator. For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test.

AL W AYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions, or the safety of the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with the same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard. Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections. If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a lid

interlock. If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation. The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the user documentation. The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000V or more, including the combined effect of normal and

common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages. The symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot. Avoid personal contact to prevent burns. The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.

If this symbol is on a product, it indicates that mercury is present in the display lamp. Please note that the lamp must be properly disposed of according to federal, state, and local laws.

The WARNING heading in the user documentation explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in the user documentation explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans. Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables. T o maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits - including the power transformer, test leads,

and input jacks - must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses with applicable national safety approvals may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety-related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component (note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product). If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water-based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (for example, a data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

Section T opic Page

1 Front and Rear Panel Operation........................................................ 1-1

Front and rear panel familiarization............................................................ 1-2

Front panel summaries......................................................................... 1-2

Rear panel summaries......................................................................... 1-2

Model 2601A/2602A and Model 2611A/2612A rear panels ................. 1-5

Model 2635A/2636A rear panels .......................................................... 1-7

What are the source-measure capabilities? ............................................... 1-9

Model 2601A and Model 2602A........................................................... 1-9

Model 2611A and Model 2612A........................................................... 1-9

Model 2635A and Model 2636A........................................................... 1-9

How do I power-up the instrument?.......................................................... 1-10

How do I make measurements?............................................................... 1-11

How do I use the reading buffer?.............................................................. 1-15

2 Remote Operation ................................................................................. 2-1

How do I use the remote interface?............................................................ 2-2

Connect to the interface....................................................................... 2-2

Configure the interface......................................................................... 2-2

Working with the web interface................................................................... 2-8

How to use the Virtual Front Panel....................................................... 2-9

TSP Express............................................................................................... 2-9

TSB embedded........................................................................................... 2-9

Issuing ICL commands....................................................................... 2-10

How do I use Test Script Builder?............................................................. 2-11

How do I use TSB to make measurements?............................................ 2-14

How do I use other programs?................................................................. 2-17

Using LabVIEW.................................................................................. 2-17

Using Visual Basic.............................................................................. 2-19

3 Test Script Processor Interaction...................................................... 3-1

What is a script?......................................................................................... 3-2

Factory scripts...................................................................................... 3-2

User scripts.......................................................................................... 3-2

How do I run a script from the front panel?................................................. 3-2

How do I save scripts to the USB flash drive?............................................ 3-3

How do I interact with scripts using Test Script Builder? ............................ 3-4

Running a factory script ....................................................................... 3-4

Modifying a factory script ..................................................................... 3-6

Running the user script...................................................................... 3-11

Deleting a user script and user tests.................................................. 3-12

How do I use other programs?................................................................. 3-12

Using LabVIEW.................................................................................. 3-12

Using Visual Basic.............................................................................. 3-14

4 Controlling Multiple Series 2600As (TSP-Link).............................. 4-1

How do I set up the TSP-Link system?....................................................... 4-2

How do I use the expanded system?.......................................................... 4-3

Accessing resources of TSP-Link nodes ............................................. 4-3

Running scripts in a TSP-Link system.................................................. 4-4

Table of Contents Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

Appendix T opic Page

A Frequently Asked Questions.............................................................. A-1

How do I optimize performance? ............................................................... A-2

Setting speed....................................................................................... A-2

Disabling auto zero to increase speed ................................................ A-2

How do I upgrade the firmware?................................................................ A-2

How do I use the Digital I/O port?.............................................................. A-3

Digital I/O port terminals...................................................................... A-3

Controlling the digital I/O port.............................................................. A-3

How do I trigger other instruments?........................................................... A-3

Triggering a scanner............................................................................ A-3

Programming triggering....................................................................... A-4

How do I generate a service request?....................................................... A-4

Setting up a service request................................................................ A-4

Service request programming example............................................... A-4

Polling for SRQs.................................................................................. A-5

How do I store measurements in nonvolatile memory?............................. A-5

Front panel operation........................................................................... A-5

Remote programming.......................................................................... A-5

How do I stack channels to output higher voltage?.................................... A-6

How do I parallel channels to output higher current?................................. A-7

How do I make contact check measurements? ......................................... A-8

Contact check connections.................................................................. A-8

How do I make low-current measurements?.............................................. A-9

Low-current connections ..................................................................... A-9

Low-current measurement programming example ............................ A-10

Index....................................................................................................Index-1

ii 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

List of Figures

Section Figure Title Page

1 Figure 1-1 Models 2601A, 2611A, 2602A, 2612A, 2635A,

and 2636A front panels.................................................................. 1-2

1 Figure 1-2 Model 2601A/2602A/2611A/2612A rear panels............................. 1-5

1 Figure 1-3 Model 2635A and 2636A rear panels............................................ 1-7

1 Figure 1-4 Model 2602A/2612A low-noise chassis ground ba nana jack

and chassis screw ....................................................................... 1-13

1 Figure 1-4 Model 2636A................................................................................ 1-13

1 Figure 1-5 Interlock circuit............................................................................. 1-14

1 Figure 1-6 Display modes............................................................................. 1-14

1 Figure 1-7 Buffer display format.................................................................... 1-17

2 Figure 2-1 GPIB cable..................................................................................... 2-2

2 Figure 2-2 RS-232 cable................................................................................. 2-2

2 Figure 2-3 Computer configuration using the command prompt..................... 2-4

2 Figure 2-4 Internet protocol (TCP/IP) properties dialog box........................... 2-6

2 Figure 2-5 LAN connection ............................................................................. 2-8

2 Figure 2-6 Web interface................................................................................. 2-9

2 Figure 2-7 Test Script Builder initial startup screen....................................... 2-12

2 Figure 2-8 Instrument console control icons................................................. 2-13

2 Figure 2-9 Select Instrument Resource dialog box....................................... 2-14

2 Figure 2-10 Source-measure command sequence in console window

(2601A/2602A version shown)..................................................... 2-15

2 Figure 2-11 LabVIEW source-measure example block diagram..................... 2-18

2 Figure 2-12 Visual Basic example user interface............................................ 2-19

2 Figure 2-13 Example program test results...................................................... 2-21

3 Figure 3-1 Pulse-measure cycle for the PulseVMeasureI function............... 3-4

3 Figure 3-2 Importing a factory script project from the Series 2600A............... 3-7

3 Figure 3-3 KIGeneral project imported into the Test Script Builder................. 3-8

3 Figure 3-4 Run configuration example - Main tab shown.............................. 3-10

3 Figure 3-5 Run configuration example - Script Attributes tab shown............ 3-11

3 Figure 3-6 LabVIEW source step example ................................................... 3-13

3 Figure 3-7 GUI after loading the non-function script (GPIB)......................... 3-16

3 Figure 3-8 GUI after running the non-function script (GPIB)......................... 3-17

3 Figure 3-9 GUI after loading and running the function script (GPIB)............ 3-18

3 Figure 3-10 GUI after calling the function (GPIB) ........................................... 3-19

4 Figure 4-1 TSP-Link connections.................................................................... 4-2

Appendix Figure Title Page

A Figure A-1 Digital I/O port terminals................................................................ A-3

A Figure A-2 Triggering a scanner...................................................................... A-4

A Figure A-3 Stacking channels for higher voltage............................................. A-7

A Figure A-4 Connecting channels in parallel for higher current ........................ A-8

A Figure A-5 Model 2601A/2602A/2611A/2612A contact check connections ... A-8

A Figure A-6 Model 2635A/2636A contact check connections........................... A-9

A Figure A-7 Model 2635A/2636A low-current connections............................. A-10

List of Figures Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

This page left blank intentionally.

ii 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

List of Tables

Section Table Title Page

1 Table 1-1 Connectors and triax cable conductors ......................................... 1-7

1 Table 1-2 Triax connector on ground module................................................ 1-8

1 Table 1-3 Model 2601A and 2602A source-measure capabilities ................. 1-9

1 Table 1-4 Model 2611A and 2612A source-measure capabilities.................. 1-9

1 Table 1-5 Model 2635A and 2636A source-measure capabilities ................. 1-9

Appendix T able Title Page

A Table A-1 Commands for basic I/O port......................................................... A-3

List of Tables Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

This page left blank intentionally.

ii 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

In this section:

Topic Page

Front and rear panel familiarization................................................. 1-2

Front panel summaries.................................................................. 1-2

Rear panel summaries .................................................................. 1-2

Model 2601A/2602A and Model 2611A/2612A rear panels........... 1-5

Model 2635A/2636A rear panels................................................... 1-7

What are the source-measure capabilities? .................................... 1-9

What are the source-measure capabilities?.................................... 1-9

Model 2601A and Model 2602A.................................................... 1-9

Model 2611A and Model 2612A.................................................... 1-9

Model 2635A and Model 2636A.................................................... 1-9

How do I power-up the instrument?................................................. 1-10

Connect to line power.................................................................... 1-10

Turn on power............................................................................... 1-10

Set line frequency.......................................................................... 1-10

Section 1

Front and Rear Panel Operation

How do I make measurements?....................................................... 1-11

Connect the DUT........................................................................... 1-11

Select source and set source level................................................ 1-11

Set compliance limit ...................................................................... 1-11

Select measurement function and range....................................... 1-12

Turn output on............................................................................... 1-12

Make measurements..................................................................... 1-12

Turn output off............................................................................... 1-12

How do I use the reading buffer?..................................................... 1-15

Connecting the device under test (DUT)....................................... 1-15

Set up source and measure functions........................................... 1-15

Configuring the reading buffer....................................................... 1-15

Turn on the outpu t......................................................................... 1-16

Storing re ad ing buffers.................................................................. 1-16

Turn off the output......................................................................... 1-16

Recalling readings......................................................................... 1-16

Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

2601A SYSTEM SourceMeter

POWER

AUTO

CURSOR

2602A SYSTEM SourceMeter

POWER

AUT O

CURSOR

EXIT ENTER

TRIG MENU

SPEED

DIGITS

REL

FILTER

SRC LIMITMEAS

MODE

0000

+ / -

LOAD RUN STORE RECALL

OUTPUT

ON/OFF

LOCAL

DISPLAY

CONFIG

RANGE

Model 2601A and Model 2611A

EXIT ENTER

TRIG MENU

SPEED

DIGITS

REL

FILTER

SRC LIMITMEAS

MODE

0000

+ / -

LOAD RUN STORE RECALL

LOCAL

DISPLAY

CONFIG

RANGE

SPEED

DIGITS

REL

FILTER

SRC LIMITMEAS

MODE

CHANNEL A CHANNEL B

CHAN

OUTPUT

ON/OFF

Model 2602A and Model 2612A

KEITHLEY SourceMeter

Front and rear panel familiarization

Front panel summaries

The front panels of the Keithley Instruments Series 2600A System SourceMeter® instrument are shown in

Rear panel summaries

The rear panels of the Models 2601A/2602A and 2611A/2612A are shown in Figure 1-2. The rear panels of the Models 2635A and 2636A are shown in Figure 1-3. The descriptions of the rear panel components follow Figure 1-2 and Figure 1-3.

Figure 1-1

Models 2601A, 2611A, 2602A, 2612A, 2635A, and 2636A front panels

Figure 1-1. The descriptions of the front panel controls follow Figure 1-1.

1-2 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation

NOTE The Models 2601A, 2611A, and 2635A have one SourceMeter

channel (Channel A) and the Models 260 2A, 2612A, and 2636A have two SourceMeter channels (Channel A and Channel B).

1. Special keys and power switch:

DISPLAY Toggles between the various source-measure is displayed and the user message

mode.

Selects Models 2602A/2612A/2636A single or dual-channel display. CONFIG Used to configure a function or operation. POWER Power switch: “In” position (I) turns SourceMeter on, “out” position (O) turns

SourceMeter off (O). Number keys The number keys (0-9, +/-, 0000) allow direct numeric entry in the EDIT mode.

2. Source-measure setup, performance control, and special operation:

Top Row: Source-measure setup Model 2601A/2611A/2635A and Model 2602A/2612A/2636A:

SRC Channel A: Selects the source function (V or A) and places cursor in the source field

for editing. MEAS Channel A: Cycles through measure fun c tions (V, A, Ω or W). LIMIT Channel A: Places the cursor in the compliance limit field for editing. MODE Channel A: Directly chooses the measurement function (V, A, Ω or W).

Model 2602A/2612A/2636A only:

SRC Channel B: Selects the source function (V or A) and places cursor in the source field. MEAS Channel B: Cycles through measure fun c tions (V, A, Ω or W). LIMIT Channel B: Places the cursor in the compliance limit field for editing. MODE Channel B: Directly chooses the measurement function (V, A, Ω or W).

Middle Row: Source-measure setup Model 2601A/2611A/2635A and Model 2602A/2612A/2636A:

DIGITS Channel A: Changes display resolution to 4-1/2, 5-1/2, or 6-1/2 digits. SPEED Channel A: Sets the measurement speed by controlling the A/D converter measurement

aperture. REL Channel A: Controls relative, which allows a baseline value to be subtracted from a

reading. FILTER Channel A: Controls the digital filter, which can be used to reduce reading noise.

Model 2602A/2612A/2636A only:

DIGITS Channel B: Changes display resolution to 4-1/2, 5-1/2, or 6-1/2 digits. SPEED Channel B: Sets the measurement speed by controlling the A/D converter measurement

aperture. REL Channel B: Controls relative, which allows a baseline value to be subtracted from a

reading. FILTER Channel B: Controls the digital filter, which can be used to reduce reading noise.

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 1-3

Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

Bottom Row: Source-measure setup

LOAD Loads factory or user-defined scripts for execution. RUN Runs last selected factory or user-defined scripts. STORE Stores readings, source values, and timestamp values in one of two internal buffers per

channel for later recall. RECALL Recalls stored readings, source values, and timestamp values from either of the two buffers. TRIG Triggers readings. MENU Accesses the Main Menu for saving and recalling setups, selecting remote interface, line

frequency, self-tests, serial number and beeper control. EXIT Cancels selection, and backs out of menu structure. Used as a LOCAL key to take the unit

out of remote. ENTER Accepts selection, moves to next choice or exits menu.

3. Range keys:

and Selects the next higher or lower source or measure range.

AUTO Enables or disables source or measure auto range.

4. Output control and LED status indicator:

OUTPUT ON/OFF Turns source output on or off. LED indicator Illuminated when output is on.

5. Navigation wheel, USB port, and CURSOR keys:

When in source edit, use the CURSOR keys for cursor control and then turn the navigation wheel to change a source or compliance value. The can also be used to enable or disable the source edit mode.

When in a menu, use the CURSOR keys or navigation wheel for menu item cursor control. When displaying a menu value, use the CURSOR keys for cursor control and turn the navigation wheel to change the value. Pressing the navigation wheel opens a menu item or selects a menu option or value.

Use the USB port to connect a USB flash drive. The USB flash drive stores reading buffer data, scripts, and user setup options.

6. Display indicators (not shown):

EDIT Unit is in the source editing mode. ERR Questionable reading or invalid calibration step. REM Unit in remote mode. TALK Unit addressed to talk. LSTN Unit addressed to listen. SRQ Service request. REL Relative mode enabled. FILT Digital filter is enabled. AUTO Auto source or measure range selected. ARM Unit armed and ready to run. * (asterisk)Readings are being stored in buffer.

1-4 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation

WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

MADE IN

U.S.A.

IEEE-488

LINE RATING

100-240VAC

50, 60Hz

240VA MAX.

DIGITAL I/O

RS-232

LINE FUSE

SLOWBLOW

3.15A, 250V

TSP-Link

CAT I

LO LO HIHI GGGG

CHANNEL A

LAN

NO AUTO-MDIX

CAT I

SSLO

LOHI

HIGGG G

CHANNEL B

LISTED

SourceMeter

4ZA4

WARNING:NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

MADE IN

U.S. A.

IEEE-488

LINE RATING

100-240VAC

50, 60Hz

240VA MAX.

DIGITAL I/O

RS-232

LINE FUSE

SLOWBLOW

3.15A, 250V

LAN

TSP-Link

CAT I

LO LO HIHI GGGG

CHANNEL A

Model 2601A/2611A

Model 2602A/2612A

2 3

4578

610

2 3

4578

Figure 1-2

Model 2601A/2602A/2611A/2612A rear panels

Model 2601A/2602A and Model 261 1A/2612A rear panels

1. CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B (Channel B on Model 2602A/2612A only)

Input/output connections for source, sense, and guard.

2. DIGITAL I/O

Female DB-25 connector. Fourteen pins for digital input or output, one pin for output enable (2601A/ 2602A) or safety interlock (2611A/2612A); +5V and GND pins are also provided.

Use a cable equipped with a male DB-25 connector (Keithley Instruments part number CA-126-1CA).

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 1-5

Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

3. IEEE-488

Connector for IEEE-488 (GPIB) operation. Use a shielded cable, such as the Keithley Instruments Model 7007-1 or Model 7007-2.

4. Cooling exhaust vent

Exhaust vent for internal cooling fan. Keep vent free of obstructions to prevent overheating.

5. Chassis ground

Ground screw for connections to chassis ground.

6. Low noise chassis ground

Ground jack for connecting Output HI or LO to chassis.

7. RS-232

Female DB-9 connector. For RS-232 operation, use a straight-through (not null modem) DB-9 shielded cable (Keithley Instruments Model 7009-5) for connection to a PC.

8. TSP-Link

Expansion interface that allows a Series 2600A and other TSP-enabled instruments to trigger and communicate with each other. Use a category 5e or higher LAN crossover cable (Keithley Instruments part number CA-180-3A).

9. Power module

Contains the AC line receptacle and power line fuse. The instrument can operate on line voltages of 100V to 240V AC at line frequencies of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. See the Series 2600 A Reference Manual for line fuse replacement instructions.

10. LAN

Use this RJ-45 connector to connect the instrument to the local area network. The RJ-45 connector connects a network card, a network switch, a router or a hub. When connecting directly to a PC, a crossover cable (included) must be used. When connecting to a network switch, router, or hub, a normal CAT-5 cable (not provided) should be used unless your equipment has Auto-MDIX capabilities. If it does have Auto-MDIX, the crossover cables may be used.

1-6 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation

LISTED

SourceMeter

4ZA4

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

MADE IN

U.S.A.

IEEE-488

LINE RATING

100-240VAC

50, 60Hz

240VA MAX.

DIGITAL I/O

RS-232

LINE FUSE

SLOWBLOW

3.15A, 250V

LAN

TSP-Link

SENSE

LO LO HI

CHANNEL A

SENSE

GUARD

A LO

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

MADE IN

U.S.A.

IEEE-488

LINE RATING

100-240VAC

50, 60Hz

240VA MAX.

DIGITAL I/O

RS-232

LINE FUSE

SLOWBLOW

3.15A, 250V

TSP-Link

SENSE

LO LO HI

CHANNEL A

SENSE

GUARD

A LO

LAN

NO AUTO-MDIX

SENSE

LOHI

CHANNEL B

SENSE

GUARD

Model 2635A

Model 2636A

5611

910

5611

910

Figure 1-3

Model 2635A and 2636A rear panels

Model 2635A/2636A rear panels

1. CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B (Channel B on Model 2636A only)

Triax connectors for Input/output, guard, and sense connections. Use only low-noise triax cables such as the Keithley Model 7078-TRX (available in several lengths). Connector terminals and associated triax cable conductors are as follows:

Table 1-1

Connectors and triax cable conductors

Connector Center conductor Inner ring Outer ring

LO Sense LO Input/Output LO Chassis ground HI Input/Output HI Guard Chassis ground SENSE HI Sense HI Guard Chassis ground Triax cable Center conductor Inner shield Outer shield

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 1-7

Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

2. DIGITAL I/O

Female DB-25 connector. Fourteen pins for digital input or output, one pin for safety inte rlock. Use a cable equipped with a male DB-25 connector (Keithley Instruments part number CA-126-1CA).

3. IEEE-488

Connector for IEEE-488 (GPIB) operation. Use a shielded cable, such as the Model 7007-1 or Model 7007-2.

4. Cooling exhaust vent

Exhaust vent for internal cooling fan. Keep vent free of obstructions to prevent overheating.

5. Chassis ground

Ground screw for connections to chassis ground.

6. RS-232

Female DB-9 connector. For RS-232 operation, use a straight-through (not null modem) DB-9 shielded cable (Keithley Instruments Model 7009-5) for connection to the PC.

7. TSP-Link

8. Power module

Contains the AC line receptacle and power line fuse. The instrument can operate on line voltages of 100V to 240VAC at line frequencies of 50Hz or 60Hz. See the Series 2600A Reference Manual for line fuse replacement instructions.

9. Ground / LO (Triax connector)

Channel A and Channel B low noise chassis ground triax connectors. Use only low-noise triax cables such as the Keithley Model 7078-TRX. Connector terminals and associated triax cable connectors are as follows:

Table 1-2

Triax connect or on ground module

Connector Center conductor Inner ring Outer ring

LO Output Lo Floating Chassis ground Triax cable Center conductor Inner shield Outer shie ld

10. Ground / LO (Phoenix connector)

Channel A and Channel B low-noise chassis ground Phoenix connector.

11. LAN

1-8 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation

What are the source-measure capabilities?

Model 2601A and Model 2602A

Basic DC source-measure capabilities for the Models 2601A and 2602A are listed in Table 1-3. Table 1-3

Model 2601A and 2602A source-measure capabilities

Function Capabilities

Source ±DC voltage Source ±DC current

Measure ±DC voltage Measure ±DC current

1. 10A maximum available in pulse mode only.

Model 261 1A and Model 2612A

Basic DC source-measure capabilities for the Models 2611A and 2612A are listed in Table 1-4. Table 1-4

Model 2611A and 2612A source-measure capabilities

1μV to 40.4V 1pA to 3.03A

1μV to 40.8V 1pA to 3.06A

Function Capabilities

Source ±DC voltage Source ±DC current Measure ±DC voltage Measure ±DC current

1. 10A maximum available in pulse mode only.

1μV to 202V 1pA to 1.515A 1μV to 204V 1pA to 1.53A

Model 2635A and Model 2636A

Basic DC source-measure capabilities for the Models 2635A and 2636A are listed in Table 1-5. Table 1-5

Model 2635A and 2636A source-measure capabilities

Function Capabilities

Source ±DC voltage Source ±DC current Measure ±DC voltage Measure ±DC current

1μV to 202V 20fA to 1.515A 1μV to 204V 1fA to 1.53A

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 1-9

Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

How do I power-up the instrument?

Step 1: Connect to line power

CAUTION Operating the instrument on an incorrect line voltage may cause damage

to the instrument, possibly voiding the warranty.

1. Before you plug the power cord into the Series 2600A, make sure that the front panel powe r switch is in the off (O) position.

2. Connect the female end of the supplied power cord to the AC receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the power cord to a grounded AC outlet.

WARNING Failure to use a grounded outlet may result in personal injury or

death due to electric shock.

Step 2: T urn on power

Turn on the instrum ent by pressing the front panel power switch to the on (I) position. Assuming no errors occur, the Series 2600A will power-up as follows:

1. The OUTPUT indicators and display pixels flash briefly.

2. The following items are shown in sequen ce :

• The firmware revision number.

• The line frequency.

• The TSP-Link node.

• The enabled command interface(s) and address (GPIB/LAN/RS-232).

Step 3: Set line frequency

The Series 2600A will operate at line frequencies of either 50Hz or 60Hz. For best measurement noise performance, the unit should be con fig ur ed to match the actual line frequency used by selecting MENU > LINE-FREQ > 50Hz, 60Hz, or AUTO (when set to AUTO, the SourceMeter will automatically detect the power line frequency at power-up).

1-10 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation

How do I make measurements?

See the Series 2600A Reference Manual for more information on the following:

• Basic source-measure procedure.

• Ohms measurements.

• Power measurements.

The measurement procedure below demonstrates how to set up the Series 2600A to source 10V and measure current through a 10kΩ resistor.

WARNING Hazardous voltages may be present on the output and guard

terminals. To prevent electrical shock that could cause injury or death, NEVER make or break connections to the Series 2600A while the output is on. Power off the equipment from the front panel or disconnect the main power cord from the rear of the SourceMeter before handling cables connected to the outputs. Putting the equipment into standby does not guarantee the outputs are not powered if a hardware or software fault occurs.

Step 1: Connect the DUT

Connect a 10kΩ resistor to the SourceMeter Channel A HI and LO terminals as shown in

Figure 1-4. See the Series 2600A Reference Manual for complete connection information.

Step 2: Select source and set source level

Perform the following steps to select the voltage source and set the source value to 10V:

1. Press Channel A SRC to select the V-Source as indicated by the “V” units in the source field on the display. The flashing cursor indicates which value is presently selected for editing.

2. Press the up RANGE key, and select the 20V source range (Model 2611A/2612A/2635A/ 2636A) or 40V source range (Model 2601A/2602A). Use the lowest possible source range for best accuracy.

3. Use the CURSOR keys to move the cursor to the 10s digit, then press the navigation wheel to enter the EDIT mode (EDIT indicator is displayed).

4. Using the navigation wheel, set the source value to 10.0000V, then press the ENTER key or the navigation wheel.

Step 3: Set compliance limit

Perform the following steps to set the current compliance limit value to 10mA:

1. Put the Model 2602A/2612A/2636A in the single-channel display mode with the DISPLAY key.

2. Press the LIMIT key, then press the ENTER key or the navigation wheel.

3. Move the cursor to the 10s digit, then press the navigation wheel to enter the EDIT mo de.

4. Using the navigation wheel, set the limit value to 10.000mA, then press the ENTER key or the navigation wheel.

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 1-11

Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

Step 4: Select measurement function and range

1. Put the Model 2602A/2612A/2636A in the single-channel display mode with the DISPLAY key, then select the current measurement function by pressing MEAS or MODE.

2. Select the measurement range with the RANGE keys. For the purposes of this example, press AUTO RANGE, and note that the AUTO indicator is displayed. The instrument will automatically select the best range based on the measured value. You can also use manual ranging by pressing the up or down RANGE key, but be sure to use the lowest possible range for best accuracy.

Step 5: T urn output on

Turn the output on by pressing the appropriate OUTPUT ON/OFF key. The ON/OFF indicator LED will turn on when the channel output is on.

NOTE The Models 2611A, 2612A, 2635A, and 26 36A are equipped with a

safety interlock circuit that prevents operation on the 200V range if the circuit is not energized. This circuit is illustrated in to the Series 2600A Reference Manual for more information.

Figure 1-5. See

Step 6: Make measurements

1. Observe the readings on the display (press TRIG if necessary to trigger the unit to begin taking readings). For the single-channel display mode, the readings will appear on the top line, while source and limit values are on the bottom line. For the 10kΩ resistor under test, typical display values are:

1.00000mA

SrcA: +10.0000 V LimA:010.0000mA

2. Use the DISPLAY key to cycle through the various display modes shown in Figure 1-6 (the User State display messages are defined with specific display commands; see the Series 2600A Reference Manual for more information).

3. Press the MEAS key several times to display measured voltage, resistance, and power. Typical values for the 10kΩ resistor are: 10.0000V, 10.0000kΩ, and 10.0000mW.

Step 7: T urn output off

When finished making measurements, turn the output off by pressing the OUTPUT ON/OFF key. The OUTPUT indicator light will turn off.

1-12 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation

FVR

Chassis

Series 2600A

Signal

Ground

Chassis

Signal Ground is a local signal ground and defined as the Low-Noise Chassis Ground Banana Jack.

Chassis is defined as the metal chassis of the Series 2600.

1) Frequency Variable Resistor (FVR)  Isolates the SMUs from high frequencies on the chassis.

For DC to 60Hz, the FVR is a virtual short (zero ohms).

2) DO NOT use the Chassis Screw terminal to

make signal connections to external circuitry. High frequency (>1MHz) on the chassis may result in higher noise at the output.

Chassis Screw terminal is connected to the metal chassis of the Series 2600.

Chassis

Screw

Low-Noise

Chassis Ground

Banana Jack

Signal

Ground

Model 2636A

Figure 1-4

Model 2602A/2612A low-noise chassis ground banana jack and chassis screw

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 1-13

Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

To output stage

10kW

Rear panel

Chassis ground

Coil resistance

145W +/- 10%

-220V supply

+220V supply

INTERLOCK pin

(on DIGITAL I/O connector)

Read by firmware

User State

1.00000mA .    V

SrcA:+10.0000V SrcB:+000.000mV

1.00000mA

SrcA:+10.0000V LimA:10.0000mA

.    V

SrcB:+000.000mV LimB:100.000mA

Press DISPLAY key

Source-Measure display for SMU A and SMU B:

Top line displays the measure function (V, A, W or W). Bottom line displays the source function (V or A)

and level.

Source-Measure and Compliance Limit display for SMU A:

Top line displays the measure function (V, A, W or W) Bottom line displays the source function (V or A) and level,

and the compliance limit (A or V).

Source-Measure and Compliance Limit display for SMU B:

Top line displays the measure function (V, A, W or W) Bottom line displays the source function (V or A) and level,

and the compliance limit (A or V).

Display for user-defined messages and prompts.

     Indicates that a measured reading has not been

triggered.

Figure 1-5

Interlock circuit

Figure 1-6

Display modes

1-14 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation

How do I use the reading buffer?

The instrument has two dedicated reading buf fers per channe l that can store over 60,00 0 readings with the time stamps and source values options enabled. Disable the time st amps and source values options to store over 140,000 readings.

The following example shows how to store 100 readings, source values, and timestamps in Channel A, Buffer 1 and recall them from the front panel.

Step 1: Connecting the device under test (DUT)

Connect a 10kΩ resistor to the Channel A HI and LO terminals (see Figure 1-4).

Step 2: Set up source and measure functions

Using the procedure described in How do I make measurements?, set up source and measure functions:

• Source function: Volts.

• Source range: 20 V (2611A/2612A/2635A/2636A) or 40V (2601A/2602A).

• Source value: 10 V.

• Measure function: Current.

• Measure range: Auto.

Step 3: Configuring the reading buffer

Complete the following steps to configure reading buffers from the front panel:

1. Press CONFIG > STORE and then choose one of the following:

• CHANA-BUFF

• CHANB-BUFF

2. Select the DEST option and then choose one of the following :

• CHANX-BUFF1

• CHANX-BUFF2

• NONE

3. Select BUFFER1 or BUFFER2.

4. (Optional) To clear the buffer, turn the navigation wheel to select CLEAR > YES.

5. Turn the navigation wheel to select ELEMENTS.

NOTE You must clear the reading buffer before you enable or disable the

source value or the time stamp options.

6. (Optional) Push the navigation wheel to select TSTAMP, then select OFF or ON.

7. (Optional) Turn the navigation wheel to select SRC-VAL, then select OFF or ON.

8. Press the EXIT key to return to the main menu.

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 1-15

Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

NOTE Model 2601A/2611A/263 5A buffer configuration menu items are the

same as covered above except for channel selection.

Step 4: T urn on the output

Press the CHAN A (Model 2602A/2612A/2636A) OUTPUT ON/OFF key to turn on the source output.

Step 5: Storing reading buffers

1. From the front panel, press STORE and then choose SAVE.

2. Select INTERNAL to save to internal nonvolatile memory.

3. Select one of the following:

• SMUA_BUFFER1

• SMUA_BUFFER2

• SMUB_BUFFER1

• SMUB_BUFFER2

4. The front panel displays Saving... This may take awhile.

5. Press the EXIT key to return to the main menu.

Step 6: T urn off the output

• Press the OUTPUT ON/OFF key to turn off the output after storage is completed.

Step 7: Recalling readings

1. Press the RECALL key to access buffer readings (repeatedly pressing RECALL will cycle through Buffer 1 then Buffer 2 for Channel A and then Channel B). A message will be displayed if a buffer is empty.

2. Note the buffer display data (see Figure 1-7):

•The buffer location number is on the right. For example, location #000001 indicates that the displayed reading is stored at the first memory location.

•The source value is positioned at the lower left side of the display.

•The timestamp is positioned at the lower right side. The first source-measure reading stored in the buffer (#000001) is time stamped at 00000.000000 seconds. Subsequent readings are time stamped relative to when the time storage was started. The interval between readings will depend on the reading rate.

3. To display the other readings stored in the buffer, choose the desired memory location number:

•Use the navigation wheel to increment and decrement the selected digit of the location number.

•Set the cursor position with the navigation wheel or CURSOR keys.

4. To exit from the data store recall mode, press EXIT.

1-16 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation

1.00000 mA #0000001

SrcA1:+10.0000 V @00000.000000s

Use Knob

Buffer Location Number

Timestamp (seconds)

Reading

Source Value

1.00000 mA #0000002

SrcA1:+10.0000 V @00000.001000s

1.00000 mA #0000003

SrcA1:+10.0000 V @00000.002000s

1.00000 mA #0000004

SrcA1:+10.0000 V @00000.003000s

Note: Source values and timestamps will be displayed only if enabled when buffer is configured.

(SrcA1= Chan. A, Buffer 1)

Figure 1-7

Buffer display format

Saving the reading buffer to the USB flash drive

Complete the following steps to save the reading buffer data to a USB flash drive:

1. Insert the USB flash drive into the USB port.

2. Press STORE and use the navigation wheel to select SAVE > USB1.

3. Select one of the following file formats:

•CSV

•XML

4. Use the navigation wheel to select the desired reading buffer.

5. Use the navigation wheel to change the file name.

6. Push the navigation wheel or the ENTER key to save the file.

7. Push EXIT to return to the main menu.

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 1-17

Section 1: Front and Rear Panel Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

This page left blank intentionally.

1-18 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Remote Operation

In this section:

Topic Page

How do I use the remote interface?................................................. 2-2

Connect to the interface ............................................................... 2-2

Configure the interface ................................................................. 2-2

Working with the web interface........................................................ 2-8

How to use the Virtual Front Panel............................................... 2-9

TSB embedded ............................................... ................................... 2-9

Issuing ICL commands ................................................................. 2-10

How do I use Test Script Builder?..................................................... 2-11

Run Test Script Builder ................................................................. 2-11

Open and close an instrument resource....................................... 2-13

Save and clear console window ................................................... 2-14

Select command and language reference views.......................... 2-14

How do I use TSB to make measurements?................................... 2-14

Reset instrument........................................................................... 2-15

Select source function and set output value................................. 2-15

Set compliance value and measure range ................................... 2-16

Turn on output............................................................................... 2-16

Make a measurement................................................................... 2-16

Print the result............................................................................... 2-16

Turn off output............................................................................... 2-16

Section 2

How do I use other programs? 2-17

Using LabVIEW ............................................................................ 2-17

Using Visual Basic........................................................................ 2-19

Section 2: Remote Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

GPIB Cable

Side View Side View

Connect one end of the cable to the host

PC and the other end to the SourceMeter.

Both cable connectors are identical.

Male DB-9 Connector

(connect to SourceMeter)

Pin View

Female DB-9 Connector

(connect to PC)

Pin View

Straight-through RS-232 Cable

How do I use the remote interface?

Connect to the interface

See Figure 1-2 for the locations of the GPIB (IEEE-488), RS-232, and LAN connectors, and make connections as follows:

• GPIB: Use a shielded IEEE-488 cable such as the Keithley Instruments Model 7007 to connect the Series 2600A IEEE-488 connector to the GPIB connector on the host PC (see

Figure 2-1).

• RS-232: Use a shielded 9-pin RS-232 cable like the Keithley Instruments Mod el 7009-5 to connect the Series 2600A RS-232 connector to the serial port of the host PC (see Figure 2-2).

• LAN: Use the crossover cable supplied with the Series 2600A to connect directly to the h ost PC’s network card.

Figure 2-1

GPIB cable

Figure 2-2

RS-232 cable

Configure the interface

GPIB interface configuration

Set the primary address using the following procedure. The Series 2600A primary address must be the same as that specified in your program, or the two devices will not be able to communicate.

1. Press MENU > GPIB and then press the ENTER key.

2. Select ADDRESS and then press the ENTER key. The Address screen is displayed.

2-2 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

3. Turn the navigation wheel to the right or to the left to select the desired number.

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 2: Remote Operation

4. Push the navigation wheel and then turn the navigation wheel to choose an address.

NOTE The GPIB address can range from 1-30.

5. Press the navigation wheel to set each digit.

6. Press the navigation wheel or the ENTER key to set the address.

7. Press EXIT to back out of the menu structure.

RS-232 interface configuration

Set RS-232 parameters as covered below. Before you can use the RS-232 interface to communicate with the instrument, the serial port p ara meters for the host PC m ust match the seria l parameters set on the instrument.

1. Press MENU to view the main menu.

2. Choose RS232, then press the ENTER key.

3. Choose the following options:

•Select BAUD and then choose the desired option.

• Choose BITS and then select the appropriate option.

•Select PARITY and then choose the desired option.

• Choose FLOW-CTRL and then select the appropriate option.

a. Use the navigation wheel to select ENABLE. b. Select one of the following:

–ON –OFF

6. Press EXIT to back out of the menu structure.

LAN interface configuration

Use the instructions below to configure the instrument's IP address based on the present IP address of the host PC. Whenever there is an existing IP address configured for the network interface card’s network settings, the IP address for the instruments on the Ethernet should also be configured.

Step 1: Identify and record the PC's existing IP configuration Information

1. Open the command prompt to see the existing IP configuration information:

• In Windows 2000/XP: a. Click the Start button and select Run. b. Type cmd in the Open field and click OK.

• In Windows Vista: a. Click the Start button. b. Select All Programs.

c. Select Accessories.

d. Select Command Prompt.

2. At the command prompt, type ipconfig/all and click Enter (see Figure 2-3). a. If the information for the Ethernet adapter displays Media Disconnected, then close

the command prompt and skip to Step 2:

IP address.

b. When the information is displayed, record the DHCP mode, IP address, subnet mask,

default gateway, and DNS servers.

Disable DHCP to use the computer's existing

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 2-3

Section 2: Remote Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

CAUTION The ipconfig/all command displays the configuration of all network

connections. Be sure to record the information for the proper network card.

Figure 2-3

Computer configuration using the command prompt

3. Verify DHCP or Static IP status.

• To determine the next step, check the DHCP Enabled setting in the IP configuration screen or in the settings recorded earlier.

a. If DHCP Enabled = Yes, proceed to Step 2: Disable DHCP to use the computer's

existing IP address.

b. If DHCP Enabled = No, proceed to Step 3: Configure the Instrument's LAN settings.

NOTE When DHCP Enabled = Yes, the settings are assigned automatically

upon power up. However, if DHCP Enabled = No, the network will not recognize the PC if the original settings are changed. If at any time you are unsure how to proceed, contact your system administrator.

4. To exit the IP configuration screen, type exit at the command prompt and press ENTER.

2-4 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 2: Remote Operation

Step 2: Disable DHCP to use the computer's existing IP address

NOTE Do not change the IP address at any time without talking to your

system administrator first. Entering an incorrect IP address can prevent your PC from connecting to your corporate network.

1. Open the Internet Protocol Properties dialog box

• In Windows 2000:

a. Click the Start button, select Settings, and then open the Control Panel. b. Open Network and Dial-up Connections.

c. Right-click Local Area Connection and select Properties. The Local Area

Connection Properties dialog box is displayed.

d. Double-click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in the items list. The Internet Protocol

(TCP/IP) Properties dialog box is displayed (see Figure 2-4).

• In Windows XP:

a. Click the Start button and open the Control Panel. b. Open Network Connections.

c. Right-click Local Area Connection and select Properties. The Local Area

Connection Properties dialog box is displayed.

d. Double-click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in the items list. The Internet Protocol

(TCP/IP) Properties dialog box is displayed (see Figure 2-4).

• In Windows Vista:

a. Click the Start button and open the Control Panel. b. Open Network & Sharing Center.

c. In the list, click View Status next to Connection. The Wireless Network Connection

Status dialog box is displayed. d. Click Properties. Windows displays a permissions message. e. If you are logged in as administrator, click Continue. If you are not logged in as

administrator, enter the administrator's password to continue.

f. The Network Connection Properties dialog box is displayed.

g. Double-click Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) in the items list. The Internet

Protocol Version 6 ( TCP/IPv6) Properties dialog box is displayed (see

Figure 2-4).

2. Select Use the following IP address. The option for Use the following DNS server addresses is automatically selected.

3. Set the IP Address

a. Are the IP address and subnet mask fields populated?

• Yes: If populated, record the address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers to use in Step 3:

Configure the Instrument's LAN settings.

• No: If blank, enter the IP address 192.168.0.3 in the IP address field and

255.255.255.0 in the subnet mask field. These will be used to configure the instrument’s LAN settings.

b. After recording or entering the IP address, click OK to close the Internet Protocol

(TCP/IP) Properties dialog box.

4. Close the Network Connections window.

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 2-5

Section 2: Remote Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

Figure 2-4

Internet protocol (TCP/IP) properties dialog box

Step 3: Configure the Instrument's LAN settings

To configure the Series 2600A using the front panel:

1. Press the MENU key to display the MAIN MENU. Use the navigation wheel to select LAN to display the LAN MENU.

2. Change the IP address assignment method:

a. Select CONFIG > METHOD > MANUAL, then press the ENTER key. b. Press the EXIT key once to return to the LAN MENU.

c. Select APPLY_SETTINGS > YES, then press the ENTER key.

3. Enter the IP address using the LAN MENU:

a. Select CONFIG > IP-ADDRESS. b. Refer to the recorded computer's IP address. A portion of the computer's IP address will

be used as a base for the instrument's unique ID. Only the last three numbers (after the last decimal point) will be different between the PC and instrument. The last three digit s may be anything from 1-255 for a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.

For example, the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box in Figure 2-3 shows that the computer's IP address is 192.168.1.1. A unique address for the instrument is

192.168.001.101.

2-6 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 2: Remote Operation

NOTE The instrument’s IP address can have leading zeros, but the

computer ’s cannot.

c. Use the navigation wheel to select and enter an appropriate IP address for th e

instrument. Be sure to record the instrument’s IP address to use in Step 5:

Access the

instrument's internal web page.

d. Push the ENTER key or navigation wheel to confirm the changes. e. Press the EXIT key to return to the LAN MENU.

f. From the LAN MENU, select APPLY_SETTINGS > YES, then press the ENTER key.

4. Change the subnet mask from within the LAN MENU:

a. Select CONFIG > SUBNETMASK, then press the ENTER key. The SUBNETMASK

menu item is to the right of GATEWAY. Use the navigation wheel to scroll through the options.

b. Modify the SUBNETMASK to match the PC settings recorded earlier or

255.255.255.000 if DHCP Enabled = YES.

c. Push the ENTER key or the navigation wheel when finished changing all the

characters. d. Press the EXIT key to return to the LAN MENU. e. From the LAN MENU, select APPLY_SETTINGS > YES, then press the ENTER key.

NOTE APPLY_SETTINGS must be used before changes to the IP address

or subnet mask are applied.

Step 4: Connect the crossover cable from the instrument to the PC network interface card

Connect the supplied crossover cable between the computer's NIC card and the Ethernet connector on the instrument’s rear pane l. Ther e are multiple connectors on the Series 2600A rear panel. Be sure to connect to the LAN connection port (see

Figure 2-5).

NOTE Connect the crossover cable into the same PC Ethernet port that was

used during the configuration of the instrument. This will ensure that the system is using the correct network card.

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Section 2: Remote Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

MADE IN

U.S.A.

IEEE-488

LINE RATING

100-240VAC

50, 60Hz

240VA MAX.

DIGITAL I/O

RS-232

LINE FUSE

SLOWBLOW

3.15A, 250V

TSP-Link

SENSE

LO LO HI

CHANNEL A

SENSE

GUARD

A LO

LAN

NO AUTO-MDIX

SENSE

LOHI

CHANNEL B

SENSE

GUARD

Model 2636A

LAN connection port

Figure 2-5

LAN connection

Step 5: Access the instrument's internal web page

1. Open a web browser on the host PC.

2. Enter the instrument’s IP address in the browser's address box. For example, if the instrument's IP address is 192.168.0.3, enter 192.168.0.3 in the browser's address box.

3. Press ENTER on the PC keyboard to open the instrument’s web page.

Working with the web interface

The Series 2600A has a web interface (see Figure 2-6) that you can use to remotely access the following:

• Connection string

• LXI class

• Firmware version number

• MAC address

• Instrument model

• Connection string

• Virtual front panel

• TSB embedded

• TSP Express

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Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 2: Remote Operation

Figure 2-6

Web in terface

How to use the Virtual Front Panel

You can use the virtual front panel to access the features available from the front panel of the Series 2600A. The same front panel features and functions are available from the Virtual Front Panel with the exception of the POWER button.

TSP Express

TSP Express is a built-in utility that easily creates scripts for Series 2600A instruments (SMU). It provides a menu of choices for building new test scripts as well as options for opening existing projects and scripts. It also allows the user to view or change instrument configur ations. TSP Express may be launched using a web link from any Series 2600A instrument or by using a shortcut on the host PC.

TSB embedded

TSB embedded is an alternative to a full version of T est Script Builder (TSB) Suite. The cap abilities of TSB embedded are very similar to TSB. TSB embedd ed includes a co mmand line interface that you can use to issue ICL commands, create, modify, and save test scripts to the instrument.

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Section 2: Remote Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

Issuing ICL commands

Use the console to send ICL commands to the instrument. The response from the instrument appears in the Instrument output window.

Complete the following steps to send an ICL command:

1. Type the command in the console and then click Enter.

2. (Optional) Click Clear to clear the instrument output window.

How do I create a script with TSB embedded?

Complete the following steps to create a new script:

1. Click the script editor window and then type the first line of your script. Click Enter to advance to line 2.

2. In the TSP Script line, type the name of the script and then click Save script. The instrument validates the syntax and then saves the script to the nonvolatile memory .

How do I clear the script editor window in TSB embedded?

• To remove the syntax from the script editor, click Clear.

How to run scripts with TSB embedded

• To run a script, select the desired script from the User script window and then click Run.

How to stop scripts in TSB embedded

To stop a running script, click Abort script.

Deleting scripts

To delete a script from TSB embedded, select the desired script from the User script window and then click Delete.

NOTE Yo u cannot retrieve a deleted script.

Modifying scripts

Complete the following steps to modify a script:

1. Select the desired script from the User script window and then modify the desired syntax in the script editor.

2. Click Save script to validate the syntax and save the script.

3. When the message “Script clearing will be overwritten” is displayed, do one of the following:

• To overwrite the script, click OK.

• To save the script with a new name, click Cancel and then type the name of the script in the name field.

Exporting Scripts

You can export a script to an external drive or store it as a backup on your PC.

1. To export a script, click on the name of the script in the Users script window and then click Export. The Save dialogue box is displayed.

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Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 2: Remote Operation

2. Use the drop-down arrow to change folders, and navigate to the desired file.

3. In the File name field, type the name of the file and then click Save.

How do I use T est Script Builder?

Step 1: Run T est Script Builder

Run the Test Script Builder program from the Keithley Instruments folder in the usual manner. The initial startup screen shown in briefly described below:

Main Bar

The menu contain following options:

• File: Use this option to control projects and files.

• Edit: Performs a number of editing functions on script files.

• Navigate: Navigates through projects.

• Project: Opens, closes, and builds projects.

• Run: Runs scripts.

• Window: Selects which window to display.

• Help: Provides access to online help files.

Figure 2-7 will be displayed. The main sections of the screen are

Project Navigator pane

The windowpane on the left side is where the Project Navigator is located. The navigator consists of created project folders and the script files (.tsp) created for each project. Each project folder can have one or more script files.

Script Development p ane

The script chunk is written in the upper windowpane. It is in this area that scripts are written and/or modified. Notice that there is a tab available for each opened script file. A script project is then downloaded to the Series 2600A and run.

Series 2600A/Script Interaction pane

A number of tabs in the lower windowpane provide additional interaction between the Test Script Builder, the Series 2600A and the opened script (the tabs displayed will depend on those selected in the menu).

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Section 2: Remote Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

SourceMeter/Script Interaction Pane

Script Development Pane

Menu Bar

Navigator

Pane

Control

Icons

Figure 2-7

Test Script Builder initial startup screen

Key tabs include: Instrument Console: The Instrument Console is used to send commands to the connected

Series 2600A. Retrieved data (for example, readings) from commands and scripts appear in the console.

Problems: When a script is saved, error checking is performed. If a script erro r is detected, a n “X” will appear in the script at or near the corrupt line of code. The Problems tab in the lower windowpane will open automatically and provide a description of the error.

Tasks: When writing a script, a double dash (--) is used to designate that the text that follows is a comment and not script code. When using the “--TODO” comment in a script, it will also appear in the Tasks tab, where additional information can be added.

Command Help: Provides online help to the Instrument Command Library (ICL). Language Help: Provides online help to the TSL programming language.

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Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 2: Remote Operation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Control icons

Control icons (shown in Figure 2-8) include:

1. Open/Close Instrument – Opens instrument resource if closed. Closes instrument resource if open.

2. Clear Console Window – Clears the instrument console window.

3. Abort Execution – Halts execution of commands or scripts.

4. Reset – Abort s whatever the unit is d oing and resets everything to the d efault state with the

output off.

5. Send Software Trigger – Sends a software trigger to take readings.

6. Delete a Script From NVRAM – Opens a window that lists the scripts stored in the unit’s

nonvolatile memory, and allows you to remove scripts.

7. Menu – Accesses the console menu.

8. Minimize/Maximize – Minimizes or maximizes the console window.

Figure 2-8

Instrument console control icons

Step 2: Open and close an instrument resource

Before you can send commands or run script s to control th e Series 2600A, you must fir st open the instrument resource as follows:

1. Click on the Open Instrument icon (see Figure 2-8).

2. Choose the desired instrument from the dialog box (see Figure 2-9) drop-down menu to select a communications resource:

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 2-13

Section 2: Remote Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

• GPIB: At the factory, the GPIB address for the Series 2600A is set to 26. If using the GPIB interface board 0 and address 26, the res ou rc e se ttin g shou ld be GPIB0::26::INSTR. Resource settings for other GPIB board numbers and primary addresses are available from the dialog box.

• RS-232: Typically, the COM1 serial port of the PC is used for RS-232 communications. For COM1, use the ASRL1::INSTR resource setting. Resource settings for other COM ports are available from the dialog box.

3. If you select the Simulate option, the Instrument Console will become active even though there will be no actual communication with the Series 2600A. You can simulate running a script or sending a command, but the Series 2600A will not respond.

4. To close the resource, click on the Instrument icon again. The resource will close, and the console window will become inactive.

Figure 2-9

Select Instrument Resource dialog box

Step 3: Save and clear console window

You can save and clear the console window as follows:

• Save console: Click on the Menu arrow (see Figure 2-7), choose Save Console, then choose the folder and filename desired.

• Clear console: Click on the Clear Console icon (see Figure 2-7) to clear the console window.

Step 4: Select command and language reference views

You can access online help for the ICL (Instrument Control Library) and TSL (Test Script Language) as follows:

• ICL: Click on the Command Help tab at the top, then click the Maximize icon. You can then quickly get information on all commands in the library.

• TSL: Click on the Language Help tab at the top, then click the Maximize icon to quickly access details on the script language.

How do I use TSB to make measurements?

The following procedure uses the TSB Instrument Console to send commands to source voltage and measure current on Channel A using a 10kΩ resistor as the DUT. The complete command sequence as it would appear in the consol e window is shown in responses.

Figure 2-10 along with instrument

The procedure assumes the DUT (10kΩ resistor) is already connected to the Series 2600A (see

Figure 1-4), and that the instrument resource has already been opened (see Open and close an

instrument resource).

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Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 2: Remote Operation

Reset SourceMeter Select volts function Set source range to 40V Set source level to 10V Set current limit to 10mA Set measure range to 10mA Turn on output Take current reading Print current reading Instrument response Print resistance reading Instrument response Print power reading Instrument response Turn off output

Figure 2-10

Source-measure command sequence in console window (2601A/26 02A version shown)

WARNING Hazardous voltages may be present on the output and guard

terminals. To prevent electrical shock that could cause injury or death, NEVER make or break connections to the Series 2600A while the output is on. Power off the equipment from the front panel or disconnect the main power cord from the rear of the Series 2600A before handling cables connected to the outputs. Putting the equipment into standby does not guarantee the outputs are not powered if a hardware or software fault occurs.

Step 1: Reset instrument

A good practice is to reset the instrument to its default settings before the start of a test. To reset the Series 2600A, type the following command into the console window, then press the Return key:

reset()

Channel A (all models) or Channel B (2602A, 2612A, 2636A only) default s can be reset as follows:

smua.reset() smub.reset()

Step 2: Select source function and set output value

Enter the following commands to select the source voltage function, set the source range to 20V (Model 2611A/2612A/2635A/2636A) or 40V Model 2601A/2602A), and set the source value to 10V:

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Section 2: Remote Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

smua.source.func = smua.OUTPUT_DCVOLTS smua.source.rangev = 40 (Use for Model 2601A/2602A) smua.source.rangev = 20 (Use for Model 2611A/2612A/2635A/2636A) smua.source.levelv = 10

Step 3: Set compliance value and measure range

Enter the following commands to set the compliance limit and measure range to 10mA:

smua.source.limiti = 10e-3 smua.measure.rangei = 10e-3

Step 4: T urn on output

Send the following command to turn on the output:

smua.source.output = smua.OUTPUT_ON

Step 5: Make a measurement

Enter the following command to take a current measurement:

reading = smua.measure.i()

Step 6: Print the result

Print the result in the console window with the following command:

print(reading)

Note that the reading response will appear in the console window (see Figure 2-10). Alternatively, you can also take and print readings by including the appropriate measure

command as the argument in the print command. For example, the following commands will take and print ohms and power readings respectively:

print(smua.measure.r()) print(smua.measure.p())

Again, readings will be displayed in the console window.

Step 7: T urn off output

Send the following command to turn off the output when measurements are complete:

smua.source.output = smua.OUTPUT_OFF

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Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 2: Remote Operation

How do I use other programs?

Reference See the LabVIEW and Visual Basic documentation for details on using those

programs.

Basic source-measure examples using LabVIEW and Visual Basic are shown below. See also Section 3 for more examples to load and run scripts.

Using LabVIEW

The source-measure example using LabVIEW is shown in Figure 2-11. The test steps are:

1. Reset instrument.

2. Select source voltage function.

3. Set source output voltage.

4. Turn on output.

5. Take current measurement.

6. Reset instrument.

The command sequence for this source-measure example is shown below:

localnode.prompts = 0 -- Disable prompts. reset() -- Reset Series 2600A. smua.source.func = smua.OUTPUT_DCVOLTS ----Select voltage source

smua.source.levelv = volts -- Set voltage source level. smua.source.output = smua.OUTPUT_ON -- Turn on source output. print(smua.measure.i()) ----Take and return current

reset() -- Reset Series 2600A.

function.

reading.

The commands above are sent out in LabVIEW using either GPIB or VIS VIs. Refer to the LabVIEW documentation for information on using VIs.

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 2-17

Section 2: Remote Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

Figure 2-11

LabVIEW source-measure example block diagram

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Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 2: Remote Operation

Using Visual Basic

User interface

The GUI (graphical user interface) shown in Figure 2-12 was created to demonstrate how to control a Keithley Instruments Series 2600A SourceMeter® instrument using Visual Basic 6.0. Source code for this example program can be downloaded from the Keithley Instruments internet site, www.keithley.com.

Figure 2-12

Visual Basic example user interface

Using the Series 2600A as a traditional GPIB instrument

The following pseudocode describes how the Series 2600A will be configured and controlled to source voltage and measure current for this example. Some of the settings are default values restored by resetting the instrument, bu t the y ar e inc l ud ed t o show a typ ica l setu p an d measu re sequence that might be used for such a test.

1. Reset Series 2600A to default settings.

2. Set display to show SMU A source and limit settings.

3. Set display to show current measurement.

4. Set source function to DCV.

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Section 2: Remote Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

5. Enable source autorange.

6. Set source level to 5V.

7. Set current compliance to 100mA.

8. Set current measurement range to 100mA.

9. Set integration time to 1PLC.

10. Turn on SMU A output.

11. Measure the current and put read in g in inst rument output queue. This step is similar to using a SCPI “READ?” query to take a single reading.

12. Turn off SMU A output.

Command sequence

The commands that implement the pseudocode are listed below. The syntax for the “send” and “enter” commands is designed for a Keithley Instrument s GPIB card. To use a Keithley Instruments GPIB card in Visual Basic, you must include the “ieeevb.bas” module in your project. This module is included on the CD that comes with your GPIB card.

When you click the Run with GPIB button on the GUI, the commands are sent to the Series 2600A and executed. The single reading returned by these commands is displayed in the Data text box as shown in

Figure 2-13.

NOTE Addr% is the GPIB address of the instrument and is assigned the

value of 26.

Call send(Addr%, "localnode.prompts = 0", intStatus) Call send(Addr%, "reset()", intStatus) Call send(Addr%, "display.screen = display.SMUA", intStatus) Call send(Addr%, "display.smua.measure.func = display.MEASURE_DCAMPS",

intStatus) Call send(Addr%, "smua.source.func = smua.OUTPUT_DCVOLTS", intStatus) Call send(Addr%, "smua.source.autorangev = smua.AUTORANGE_ON", intStatus) Call send(Addr%, "smua.source.levelv = 5", intStatus) Call send(Addr%, "smua.source.limiti = 0.1", intStatus) Call send(Addr%, "smua.measure.rangei = 0.1", intStatus) Call send(Addr%, "smua.measure.nplc = 1", intStatus) Call send(Addr%, "smua.source.output = smua.OUTPUT_ON", intStatus) Call send(Addr%, "print(smua.measure.i())", intStatus) Call send(Addr%, "smua.source.output = smua.OUTPUT_OFF", intStatus) Call enter(strBuffer, 256, intNbytes, Addr%, intStatus) txtData.Text = strBuffer

Using VISA

Clicking on the “Run with VISA” button will send the same commands to the Series 2600A using National Instruments to GPIB interface #1. Once again, a Keithley Instruments GPIB card was used for this example. However, VISA allows the same code to be used with GPIB cards made by other manufacturers, or with altogether diff erent interfaces such as the RS-232 or the Ethernet.

(NI) VISA. The VISA resource is for an instrument at address 26 connected

2-20 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 2: Remote Operation

Figure 2-13

Example program test results

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 2-21

Section 2: Remote Operation Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

This page left blank intentionally.

2-22 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

In this section:

Topic Page

What is a script? ............................................................................... 3-2

How do I run a script from the front panel? ................................... 3-2

How do I interact with scripts using Test Script Builder?............. 3-4

How do I use other programs?........................................................ 3-12

Section 3

Test Script Processor Interaction

Factory scripts .............................................................................. 3-2

User scripts................................................................................... 3-2

Running a factory script................................................................ 3-4

Modifying a factory script.............................................................. 3-6

Running the user script................................................................. 3-11

Deleting a user script and user tests ............................................ 3-12

Using LabVIEW ............................................................................ 3-12

Using Visual Basic........................................................................ 3-14

Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

What is a script?

A script is a collection of instrument control commands and programming statements to perform one or more operations or tasks. A script is stored in a Series 2600A instrument and is run by its Test Script Processor (TSP).

Factory scripts

The Series 2600A is shipped from the factory with at least one factory script stored in its nonvolatile memory. Each factory script is made up of a series of functions to perform specific tests. A factory script function can be called (run) from the front panel or called using remote programming. A factory script cannot be deleted from nonvolatile memory.

User scripts

A user script is a script created by a user using the Test Script Builder or an external program. The user script is loaded in the Series 2600A and stored in volatile or nonvolatile memory. If stored in nonvolatile memory, the script will not be lost when the instrument is turned off.

Keithley Instruments will be posting approved user scripts donated by registered users on its web site. You will be able to download these user scripts into your Series 2600A. Visit www.keithley.com for details.

How do I run a script from the front panel?

Choose to run scripts from the following options:

•Factory

•Users

•Scripts

All factory script functions are interactive if accessed from the front panel. This means you must manually enter the parameters.

A user script can be non-interactive or interactive. A non-interactive script does not require user input.

NOTE If the Series 2600A is in remote operation, press the LOCAL key to

return control to the front panel.

To run a script from the front panel:

In order to run a script from the front panel, an entry for the script needs to be added to the user menu for the LOAD key. The following commands are used to enter or delete a name into the user menu:

display.loadmenu.add(displayname, script) display.loadmenu.delete(displayname)

Where: displayname is the name to be added to (or deleted from) the user menu and script is a

string with the code that will be associated with the displayname.

It does not matter what order the items are added to the user menu. Menu items will be displayed in alphabetical order when the menu is selected.

Example:

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Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction

Assume a user script named “Test9” has been loaded into the run-time environment. Add the name (“Test9”) to the User menu for the script as follows:

display.loadmenu.add(“Test9”, “Test9()”)

After adding a name to the User menu, the script can then be run from the front panel as follows:

1. Press the LOAD key to display the LOAD TEST menu.

2. Position the blinking cursor on the FACTORY or USER menu item and press the ENTER key or the navigation wheel. NOTE: The Series 2600A is shipped with no user scripts loaded.

3. Position the blinking cursor on the test to be run, and then press the ENTER key.

4. Press the RUN key to start the test.

5. Enter required test parameters using the front panel controls.

How do I save scripts to the USB flash drive?

The Series 2600A supports the stan dard USB 2. 0 device inte rface. You can save data to the USB flash drive from the front panel while executing a script or from a remote interface.

Connecting the USB flash drive

To connect the USB flash dr ive, inse rt th e USB flas h dr ive into th e USB conne ct or, located on the front panel of the instrument.

Saving scripts to the USB flash drive

Complete the following steps to save a script to the USB flash drive from the front panel:

1. Press MENU > SCRIPT and then select SAVE.

2. Do one of the following:

• Turn the navigation wheel to the left or to the right to select the script to be saved.

• Push the navigation wheel or press the ENTER key to select the desired script from the list.

3. Press USB1.

4. (Optional) Use the navigation wheel to change the last three characters of the file name.

5. Press the ENTER key to save the script to the USB flash drive.

NOTE The message “Overwrite” is displayed if the file already exists.

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Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

level

bias

ton

bias

ton toff

Current measurement

How do I interact with scripts using Test Script Builder?

The following function for factory script “KIPulse” is stored in the nonvolatile memory of the Series 2600A:

PulseVMeasureI(smu, bias, level, ton, toff, points)

The above function performs a specified number of pulse V, measure I cycles:

• Sets the smu to output bias volts and dwell for ton seconds.

• Sets the smu to output level volts and dwell for ton seconds.

• Performs current measurement with the source at level volts.

• Sets the smu to output bias volts for toff seconds.

• Repeats the above sequence for points pulse-measure cycles.

Figure 3-1 shows one pulse-measure cycle for the function.

Figure 3-1

Pulse-measure cycle for the PulseVMeasureI function

Running a factory script

NOTE All commands to run a factory script are to be executed from the

Instrument Console of the Test Script Builder.

The following steps explain how to run the PulseVMeasureI function and read the data stored in the buffer.

NOTE The “KIPulse” factory script is an autorun script. The script runs

automatically when the Series 2600A is turned on. The functions of the script are ready to be called.

Step 1: Call the function

The following are example parameters for the PulseVMeasureI function which will perform three pulse voltage, measure current cycles:

smu SMU A bias -1V level 1V ton 1ms toff 2ms points 3

The following command will execute the PulseVMeasureI function using the above parameters:

PulseVMeasureI(smua, -1, 1, 1E-3, 2E-3, 3)

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Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction

Step 2: Read the buffer

The above function stores the three current measurements in the reading buffer (

smua.nvbuffer1). Also stored in the buffer are the voltage source settings and timestamps for

the measurements. The timestamps (in seconds) are referenced to the start of the test. The timer for the timestamps starts at zero seconds when the test is started.

The printbuffer function is used to print (outpu t) measured readings, timestamps and/or source values stored in the buffers.

Print readings: The following code will return the three measured current readings stored in

nvbuffer1: rb1 = smua.nvbuffer1 printbuffer(1, rb1.n, rb1)

Example output: 1.234567e-03, 2.362360e-03, 2.362368e-03 For the above printbuffer function, 1 is the starting index for values to print, rb1.n is the

ending index (for this function, Print time stamps: The following command will print the time stamps for the three measured

current readings:

printbuffer(1, rb1.n, rb1.timestamps)

Example output: 5.555555e-02, 8.888888e-02, 1.111111e-01

n = 3), and rb1 is the reading buffer (smua.nvbuffer1).

Print source values: The following command will print the voltage source values for the three measured current readings:

printbuffer(1, rb1.n, rb1.sourcevalues)

Output: 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00, 1.000000e+00 Print readings, time stamps, and source values: The following command will return the three

sets of data (nine values) in the same message:

printbuffer(1, rb1.n, rb1, rb1.timestamps, rb1.sourcevalues)

Example output:

1.234567e-03, 5.555555e-02, 1.000000e+00, 2.362360e-03, 8.888888e-02,

1.000000e+00, 2.362368e-03, 1.111111e-01, 1.000000e+00

The above output is returned in the following order: reading1, timestamp1, sourcevalue1, reading2, timestamp2, sourcevalue2, reading3, timestamp3,

sourcevalue3

Calling a function without parameters

When the command to call a script function is sent without parameters, input value fields and messages will appear on the display to prompt the operator to input the parameters using the front panel controls.

The following command will call the SourceVMeasureI function and then require operator interaction:

PulseVMeasureI()

After sending the above command, the Series 2600A display will prompt the operator to input the following parameters from the front panel:

• Enter BIAS voltage.

• Enter PULSE (level) voltage.

• Enter pulse ON time.

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Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

• Enter pulse OFF time.

• Enter number of pulses (points).

After the operator keys in each parameter a nd presses the ENTER key (or the navigation wheel ), the display will proceed to the next input prompt. After the last parameter (number of pulses) is entered, the test will continue.

The following message will be displayed when the test is finished:

PulseVMeasureI

Test complete.

Modifying a factory script

A factory script can be imported from the Series 2600 A into the Test Script Builder where it can be modified. The modified script can then be loaded b ack into th e Ser ies 26 00A and saved as a user script.

The following procedure will import the KIGeneral factory script into the Test Script Builder, modify code for the SourceVMeasureI function, load the script in the Series 2600A as a user script under a different name, and then configure the test to call the SourceVMeasureI function.

Step 1: Importing a factory script project

A factory script project is made of many executable functions. The SourceVMeasureI function is one of the functions that make up the KIGeneral factory script that is stored in the Series 2600A.

Figure 3-2 shows how to import the KIGeneral factory script project from the Series 2600A into the

Test Script Builder. After importing the script, the project will appear as a folder in the Project Navigator with a script file named “main.tsp” (see

Figure 3-3).

3-6 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction

A) Click File to display the drop-down file menu

and click Import to open the Import wizard.

B) In the Import Select box, click Existing Project

From Instrument and then click Next.

C) Import Open/Close instrument box  With

communications to the Series 2600 open, click

Next.

If communications are not open, use the drop-down menu to select a resource and click Open

D) In the Import Project From Instrument box, click

the KIGeneral project, and then cllick Finish.

KIGeneral

Figure 3-2

Importing a factory script project from the Series 2600A

Step 2: Modifying the test code for the SourceVMeasureI function

As shown in Figure 3-3, the test code for the script functions is contained in the tab for the “main.tsp” script file. The test code for all of the functions of the KIGeneral factory script are in this tab. Use the scroll buttons on the right side of the tab to view more code.

Editing example

The following line of code in the “main.tsp” script file applies to the SourceVMeasureI function:

bias = display.prompt("+00.000", " Seconds", "Enter BIAS Voltage.", 0, -40,

40)

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 3-7

Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

Click to save the main.tsp script file

Project Navigator

Test Code

The above command defines a display input field and message prompt for entering the bias voltage. The

-40 parameter sets the minimum voltage that can be entered, and the 40 parameter

sets the maximum voltage that ca n be entered. Now assume you wish to change the bias input limits to ±10V. Edit the line of code to the following:

bias = display.prompt("+00.000", " Seconds", "Enter BIAS Voltage.", 0, -10,

10)

Saving the script: After modifying the script file, it must be saved by clicking the save icon on the toolbar of the Test Script Builder as follows:

Figure 3-3

KIGeneral project imported into the Test Script Builder

3-8 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Step 3: Storing the script in nonvolatile memory of the Series 2600A

After modifying a factory script, it can be loaded back into the Series 2600A and saved in nonvolatile memory as a user script.

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction

Click Run and then click Run in the drop-down menu.

1. The Run configuration box is used to launch (load) a user script into the Series 2600A and save it in nonvolatile memory. As shown below, open the Run box and then click Run in the drop-down menu:

NOTE Figure 3-4 and Figure 3-5 show how the Run box will look after the

launch is configured.

2. In the Configurations area of the Run box, select the KIGeneral script. The launch configuration tabs for that script will appear in the Run box.

3. Presently, the name of the script is KIGeneral. You should change the name so the script is not confused with the factory script of the same name that is sto red in the Ser ies 26 0 0A. For example, change the script Name to “KIGeneralUser” and click the Apply button.

4. As shown in Figure 3-4, the main.tsp file must be in the Lo ad Order ar ea of the Run bo x. If it is in the Available Project Files area, double-click main.tsp to move the file over.

5. Click the Script Attributes tab to display the load and store options and select the LoadOnly run action and nonvolatile storage as shown in

Figure 3-5.

6. Click the Apply button to set the run configuration.

7. Click the RUN key to load the user script into nonvolatile memory of the Series 2600A.

NOTE There is a small bar graph at the bottom-right of the Test Script

Builder that will appear while a script is loading. The bar graph will continuously sequence through its segments while the script is loading.

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 3-9

Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

Changing the script Name from KIGeneral to KIGeneralUser also changes the name in the Configurations area.

Figure 3-4

Run configuration example - Main tab shown

3-10 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction

Figure 3-5

Run configuration example - Script Attributes tab shown

Running the user script

Remote programming

The functions for the KIGeneralUser user script can be called after the script is run as follows:

KIGeneralUser()

After the above command is executed, any of the functions that make up the user script can be called in the same manner that factory script functions are called (see

Front panel operation

To run the script from the front panel, a test name has to be added to the USER TESTS submenu of the LOAD TEST menu. Since the KIGeneralUser script is made up of eight functions, a front panel user test must run the script and also call a function. The following command will add the test name “PulseVMeasI” to the menu. It will also configure the test to run the script and call the

display.loadmenu.add("PulseVMeasI", "KIGeneralUser() PulseVMeasureI()", display.SAVE)

Because no parameters are used in the function (PulseVMeasureI()), the test will be interactive and require the operator to input the test parameters using the front panel controls. See

run a script from the front panel? for details on running a user script from the front panel.

The command display.loadmenu.add can be used to configure front panel user tests for the other functions of the script. Make sure to use a different menu name for each function. For

PulseVMeasureI function:

Step 1: Call the function).

KIGeneralUser

How do I

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 3-11

Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

example, the following command will add the name “PulseIMeasV” for a test to call the

PulseIMeasureV function. display.loadmenu.add("PulseIMeasV", "KIGeneralUser() PulseIMeasureV()",

display.SAVE)

Deleting a user script and user tests

Deleting a user script

A user script can be deleted from nonvolatile memory of the Series 2600A. The following command will delete the

script.delete("KIGeneralUser")

Deleting a user test

After deleting a script, you should also delete the test from the USER TESTS menu since it no longer exists. The following command deletes the “PulseVMeasI” test from the menu:

display.loadmenu.delete("PulseVMeasI")

KIGeneralUser user script:

How do I use other programs?

NOTE See the LabVIEW and Visual Basic documentation for details on

using those programs.

Using LabVIEW

Source step example

The source step example is shown in Figure 3-6. The example step s the source volt age from 1V to 10V in 1V steps, measures the current at each step, and stores the result in a table. Once all steps are completed, the stored table current values are printed.

3-12 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction

The Series 2600A command sequence:

localnode.prompts = 0 -- Disable prompts. data_table = {} -- Clear table. reset() -- Reset Series 2600A. smua.source.output = 1 -- Turn on source output. for i=1,10 do -- Loop for 10 steps.

smua.source.levelv = i -- Set source level. mi = smua.measure.i() -- Take a current measurement.

table.insert(data_table,mi) -- Store measurement in table. end -- End of loop. smua.source.output = 0 -- Turn off output. print(table.concat(data_table,’,’)) -- Print table of current values. reset() -- Reset instrument.

Figure 3-6

LabVIEW source step example

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 3-13

Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

Using Visual Basic

NOTE The form file (UserManualExample.frm) can be opened using any

text editor to view the code executed by the various command buttons.

The following examples look at how you can download and run Model 2600A Series scripts using Visual Basic. Two scripts were created for these examples. Both scripts are based on the pseudocode and instrument commands presented in traditional GPIB instrument while they perform multiple measurements. Source code for this example program can be downloaded from the Keithley Instruments internet site, www.keithley.com.

Example script 1: script that does not use functions

The following script is in the file named “MeasCurrScript.tsp.” Note that the actual script contains additional comments, which have not been included here. Comments are identified by double dashes (--).

reset() display.screen = display.SMUA display.smua.measure.func = display.MEASURE_DCAMPS smua.source.func = smua.OUTPUT_DCVOLTS smua.source.autorangev = smua.AUTORANGE_ON smua.source.levelv = 5 smua.source.limiti = 0.1 smua.measure.rangei = 0.1 smua.measure.nplc = 1 smua.source.output = smua.OUTPUT_ON ntimes = 10 for i = 1, ntimes do -- Perform following command(s) ntimes.

print(smua.measure.i()) -- Measure current and put reading in out-

put queue.

end --for smua.source.output = smua.OUTPUT_OFF

The primary code that reads the file and downloads the script to the Series 2600A is listed below. This code is executed when you select the Load “Non-Function” Script option, and then click the Load Script (GPIB) command button. Although not required, TSP prompts are enabled for this example because they provide useful test script processor status information when loading and running scripts. See the Series 2600A Reference Manual for more information about using prompts. As the script is being downloaded, it is displayed in the Script text box of the GUI (Graphical User Interface), as shown in

Figure 3-7.

Section 2 on using the Series 2600A as a

3-14 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction

Call send(Addr%, "localnode.showerrors = 0", intStatus)

Call send(Addr%, "localnode.prompts = 1", intStatus) strReturnMessage = udfGetTspResponse()

Open App.Path & "\" & "MeasCurrScript.tsp" For Input As #1

Call send(Addr%, "loadscript MeasCurrScript", intStatus) strReturnMessage = udfGetTspResponse()

Do While Not EOF(1) Line Input #1, strScriptline Call send(Addr%, strScriptline, intStatus) strReturnMessage = udfGetTspResponse() strReturnMessage = Left(strReturnMessage,

Select Case strReturnMessage

Case ">>>>"

Case "TSP>"

Exit Do Case "TSP?"

‘Disable automatic display of errors ‘leave error messages in queue and ‘enable Error Prompt. The "localnode" is ‘unit being communicated with via GPIB ‘or RS-232.

‘Turn on prompts; need to start ‘handling the prompts as soon as this ‘command is sent.

‘Open the script file for sequential ‘input.

‘"loadscript" identifies the beginning ‘of the script. ‘name assigned to the script.

"MeasCurrScript" is the

‘Read the file. ‘Loop until the end of the script file. ‘Read a line from the script file. ‘Send script line to Series 2600A.

‘Continuation prompt. ‘TSP received script line successfully; ‘waiting for next line.

‘Ready prompt. ‘TSP received script successfully; ‘ready for next command.

‘Error prompt.

Case Else

End Select Loop Close #1

Call send(Addr%, "endscript", intStatus) strReturnMessage = udfGetTspResponse()

Call send(Addr%, "localnode.prompts = 0", intStatus)

‘Error occurred; handle as desired. ‘Use "errorqueue" commands to read ‘and clear errors.

‘No prompt received. ‘Response other than shell prompt was ‘received; handle as desired.

‘Close the script file. ‘Tell TSP complete script has been

‘downloaded. ‘Disable prompts.

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 3-15

Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

Figure 3-7

GUI after loading the non-function script (GPIB)

The primary code that runs the script and retrieves the measurement results is listed below. This code is executed when you click the Run Script (GPIB) command button. When you run this script it will perform ten measurements and send the readings to the PC. The results are displayed in the Data text box of the GUI as shown in

Figure 3-8. TSP prompts are enabled prior to running

the script.

Call send(Addr%, "MeasCurrScript.run()", intStatus)

Do strReturnMessage = udfGetTspResponse()

txtData.Text = txtData.Text & strReturnMessage Loop Until Left(strReturnMessage, 3) = "TSP" If strReturnMessage = "TSP?" Then

txtStatusDesc.Text = "Error Occurred"

Call send(Addr%, "print(errorqueue.next()", intStatus)

strReturnMessage = udfGetTspResponse()

txtStatusDesc.Text = txtStatusDesc.Text & strReturnMessage & vbCrLf

End If

‘The following command runs ‘the script; you can also ‘use

MeasCurrScript() form of

‘the command.

‘Get output from script.

3-16 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction

Figure 3-8

GUI after running the non-function script (GPIB)

Example script 2: script that uses functions

The script used in this example is in the file named “MeasCurrFunctionScript.tsp.” This script is downloaded to the Series 2600A by selecting the Load “Function” Script option, and then clicking the Load Script (GPIB) command button. The script is downloaded exactly as shown in the previous example, except the “ope n file” and “loadscript” commands reflect the different script name as shown below.

Open App.Path & "\" & "MeasCurrFunctionScript.tsp" For Input As #1 Call send(Addr%, "loadscript MeasCurrFunctionScript", intStatus)

The other difference is in the script itself, which is listed below. This script does not perform multiple current measurements, but rather it cre ates a function named “MeasCurr,” which performs one or more current measurements when it is called. The number of measurements depends on the value of “ntimes,” which is passed to the function when it is called. (Graphical User Interface) after loading and running the script. Note that the Data text box does not contain any readings as in the previous example; it simp ly ind ica te s tha t the “MeasCurr(ntimes)” function has been created.

function MeasCurr(ntimes)

local l_i -- Local counter variable reset() display.screen = display.SMUA display.smua.measure.func = display.MEASURE_DCAMPS smua.source.func = smua.OUTPUT_DCVOLTS smua.source.autorangev = smua.AUTORANGE_ON

Figure 3-9 shows the GUI

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 3-17

Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

smua.source.levelv = 5 smua.source.limiti = 0.1 smua.measure.rangei = 0.1 smua.measure.nplc = 1 smua.source.output = smua.OUTPUT_ON for l_i = 1, ntimes do

print(smua.measure.i()) end --for smua.source.output = smua.OUTPUT_OFF

end --function print("Function 'MeasCurr(ntimes)' created")

Figure 3-9

GUI after loading and running the function sc ript (GPIB)

The primary code that calls the function and retrieves the measurement results is listed below. TSP prompts are enabled prior to calling the function. This code is executed when you click the Call Function (GPIB) command button. In this example, the function performs ten current measurements and sends the readings to the PC because “ntimes” is set to 10 when th e function is called. The results are displayed in the dat a text b ox as shown in

Figure 3-10. Note that it would

be just as easy to take one or 100 readings simply by calling the function with a different value for “ntimes,” for example, MeasCurr(100). You can pass parameters to a function, but not to a script. However, you must initially run a script to create a function. See the Series 2600A Reference Manual for more information.

3-18 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction

Call send(Addr%, "MeasCurr(10)", intStatus)

strReturnMessage = udfGetTspResponse()

txtData.Text = txtData.Text & strReturnMessage & vbCrLf Loop Until Left(strReturnMessage, 3) = "TSP" If strReturnMessage = "TSP?" Then

txtStatusDesc.Text = "Error Occurred"

Call send(Addr%, "print(errorqueue.next()", intStatus)

strReturnMessage = udfGetTspResponse()

txtStatusDesc.Text = txtStatusDesc.Text &

strReturnMessage & vbCrLf

End If

Figure 3-10

GUI after calling the function (GPIB)

‘Call function with ‘ntimes=10 and then ‘enter data.

‘Get output from ‘function.

‘Take appropriate ‘action based on ‘error message.

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 3-19

Section 3: Test Script Processor Interaction Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

This page left blank intentionally.

3-20 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

In this se ct i on :

Topic Page

How do I set up the TSP-Link system? ............................................. 4-2

Connect the TSP-Link system....................................................... 4-2

Assign node numbers.................................................................... 4-2

Reset the TSP-Link ....................................................................... 4-3

Check the state of the TSP-Link system ....................................... 4-3

How do I use the expanded system?............................................... 4-3

Accessing resources of TSP-Link nodes....................................... 4-3

Running scripts in a TSP-Link system ........................................... 4-4

Section 4

Controlling Multiple Series 2600As (TSP-Link)

Section 4: Controlling Multiple Series 2600As (TSP-Link) Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

MADE IN U.S.A.

IEEE-488

LINE RATING 100-240VAC

50, 60Hz

240VA MAX.

DIGITAL I/O

RS-23

LINE FUSE

SLOWBLOW

3.15A, 250V

TSP-Link

CAT I

LOLO HIHI GGGG

CHANNEL A

LAN

NO AUTO-MDIX

CAT I

SSLO

LOHI

HIGGG G

CHANNEL

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

MADE IN

U.S.A.

IEEE-488

LINE RATING 100-240VAC 50, 60Hz 240VA MAX.

DIGITAL I/O

RS-23

LINE FUSE SLOWBLOW

3.15A, 250V

TSP-Link

CAT I

LOLO HIHI GGGG

CHANNEL A

LAN

NO AUTO-MDIX

CAT I

SSLO LOHI

HIGGG G

CHANNEL

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

MADE IN U.S.A.

IEEE-488

LINE RATING

100-240VAC 50, 60Hz 240VA MAX.

DIGITAL I/O

RS-23

LINE FUSE SLOWBLOW

3.15A, 250V

TSP-Link

CAT I

LOLO HIHI GGGG

CHANNEL A

LAN

NO AUTO-MDIX

CAT I

SSLO LOHI

HIGGG G

CHANNEL

Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 32

Host

LAN crossover cables

Type: Category 5e or higher. Length: 3 meters maximum between nodes.

TSP-Link connectors

(2 per instrument)

NOTE The PC is not needed for

stand-alone systems.

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

WARNING:

NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS,SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

CAUTION:

FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD,REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.

MADE IN U.S.A.

IEEE-488

LINE RATING 100-240VAC

50, 60Hz

240VA MAX.

DIGITAL I/O

RS-23

LINE FUSE

SLOWBLOW

3.15A, 250V

TSP-Link

CAT I

LOLO HIHI GGGG

CHANNEL A

LAN

NO AUTO-MDIX

CAT I

SSLO LOHI

HIGGG G

CHANNEL

LAN, RS-232

or GPIB

How do I set up the TSP-Link system?

Up to 32 TSP-Link enabled instruments (for example, Series 2600A System SourceMeter instruments) can be connected together to form a TSP-Link system.

Step 1: Connect the TSP-Link system

A connection example for an expanded system is shown in Figure 4-1. All the TSP-Link-enabled instruments in the system are daisy-chained together using LAN crossover cables. In this example, the unit connected to the PC is the Master and the other units are its Slaves. Note that the Master does not have be assigned as Node 1, nor does it have to be at the end of the node chain.

Figure 4-1

TSP-Link connections

Step 2: Assign node numbers

Each instrument in the TSP-Link system must have a unique node number assigned to it. The node number for each instrument is stored in its nonvolatile memory and will not be lost when the instrument is turned off.

Complete the following steps to assign a node number.

1. From the front panel, press the MENU > TSPLINK.

2. Select NODE and then use the navigation wheel to assign the node number. Note: The node number can range from 1 - 64.

For remote programming, the tsplink.node attribute is used to set the node number for an instrument:

4-2 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

tsplink.node = N

Where: N = 1 to 64. The node number of an instrument can be determined by reading the tsplink.node

attribute as follows:

nodenumber = tsplink.node print(nodenumber)

The above print command will return the node number. For example, if the node number is 1, the value

1.000000e00 will be returned.

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Section 4: Controlling Multiple Series 2600As (TSP-Link)

Step 3: Reset the TSP-Link

After all the node numbers are set, you must reset (initialize) the TSP-Link interface system. For initialization to succeed, all units must be powered on when the TSP-Link reset is performed.

Complete the following steps to reset the TSP-Link.

1. From the front panel, press MENU > TSPLINK.

2. Choose Reset.

For remote programming, the following com mand initializes the TSP-Link:

tsplink.reset()

Step 4: Check the state of the TSP-Link system

The tsplink.state read-only attribute is used to verify that the TSP-Link reset routine was completed successfully. The returned value instruments (nodes) in the system. The value

A few typical reasons for a reset failure include the following:

• Two or more instruments in the system have the same node number.

• There are no other instruments connecte d to the un it pe rf or min g the re se t.

• One of the units in a properly-connected system is not powered on.

online indicates that the reset was successful for all

offline indicates that the reset has failed.

Programming example: After assigning node numbers to the instruments in the system, the following command checks the state of the TSP-Link:

print(tsplink.state)

If the reset is successful, online will be the output to indicate that communication to all nodes is established.

How do I use the expanded system?

Accessing resources of TSP-Link nodes

After a successful TSP-Link reset, the node and localnode variables can be used to access resources of any node in the system.

Using node[N]

The node[N] variable (where N = 1 to 64) is used to send a command to any node in the system. The node can be the master or a slave. Examples:

node[4].smua.reset() -- Resets SMU A of Node 4. node[1].smua.reset() -- Resets SMU A of Node 1.

Using the alias (localnode)

The variable localnode is an alias for node[N], where N is the node number of the node executing the command.

For example, assume that node 1 is the master in a TSP-Link system. To send a command to node 1, you can use

-- Resets SMU A of the Master (Node 1).

node[1].smua.reset()

-- Resets SMU A of the Master (Node 1).

localnode.smua.reset()

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics 4-3

node[1] or localnode as follows:

Section 4: Controlling Multiple Series 2600As (TSP-Link) Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

Running scripts in a TSP-Link system

Refer to the Series 2600A Reference Manual for more information on run ning script s in p arallel on a TSP-Link system.

4-4 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

In this appendix:

Topic Page

How do I optimize performance? ..................................................... A-2

Setting speed ................................................................................ A-2

Disabling auto zero to increase speed .......................................... A-2

How do I use the Digital I/O port? .................................................... A-3

Digital I/O port terminals................................................................ A-3

Controlling the digital I/O port........................................................ A-3

How do I trigger other instruments?................................................ A-3

Triggering a scanner...................................................................... A-3

Programming triggering................................................................. A-4

How do I generate a service reques t?............................................. A-4

Setting up a service request.......................................................... A-4

Service request programming example......................................... A-4

Polling for SRQs............................................................................ A-5

Appendix A

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I store measurements in nonvolatile memory? ................ A-5

Front panel operation .................................................................... A-5

Remote programming.................................................................... A-5

How do I stack channels to output higher voltage?....................... A-6

How do I parallel channels to output higher current?.................... A-7

How do I make contact check measurements? .............................. A-8

Contact check connections............................................................ A-8

Model 2601A/2602A/2611A/2612A contact check connections.... A-8

How do I make low-current measurements?................................... A-9

Low-current connections ............................................................... A-9

Low-current measurement programming example........................ A-10

NOTE Visit the Keithley Instruments website at

www.keithley .com for more information on Frequently Asked Questions.

Appendix A: Frequently Asked Questions Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

How do I optimize performance?

There are three primary factors that affect measurement accuracy and speed:

• Warm-up: For rated measure ment accuracy, allow the Series 2600A to warm up for at least two hours before use.

• Speed setting: The Speed setting affects both speed and accuracy.

• Auto zero: Auto zero can be disabled to increase speed at the expense of accuracy.

Setting speed

Press the SPEED key, then choose the setting based on your requirements:

• Choose the FAST setting for the fastest measurements, but measurement accuracy will be reduced.

• For best accuracy, use the HI-ACCURACY setting, but speed will be reduced.

• To compromise between accuracy and speed, use the MED or NORMAL setting.

Disabling auto zero to increase speed

In certain measuring situations, disabling auto zero can increase measurement speed, but accuracy will drift with time and temperature. To disable auto zero, select CONFIG > MEAS > AUTO-ZERO, then set to OFF. To minimize drift with auto zero disabled, use the ONCE selection just before measuring.

How do I upgrade the firmware?

You can use a USB flash drive to upgrade and install the firmware.

CAUTION Disconnect the input and output terminals before you upgrade the flash

drive.

Complete the following steps to upgrade the firmware.

1. From your PC, go to www.keithley.com and download the latest version of the appropriate firmware.

2. Insert the USB flash drive into the USB port on your PC.

3. Transfer the firmware file to the USB flash drive.

4. Insert the USB flash drive into the USB port on the front panel of the Series 2600A instrument.

5. From the front panel, press MENU > UPGRADE.

6. Select the appropriate version of firmware on the USB flash drive.

7. Press the ENTER key to finish the firmware upgrade on the Series 2600A.

CAUTION Do not turn the unit off while an upgrade is in progress.

A-2 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Appendix A: Frequently Asked Questions

1 = Digital I/O #1 2 = Digital I/O #2 3 = Digital I/O #3 4 = Digital I/O #4 5 = Digital I/O #5 6 = Digital I/O #6 7 = Digital I/O #7 8 = Digital I/O #8 9 = Digital I/O #9

10 = Digital I/O #10

11 = Digital I/O #11 12 = Digital I/O #12 13 = Digital I/O #13 14 = Digital I/O #14 15-21 = Ground 22 = +5V 23 = +5V 24 = Output Enable (OE); 2601/2602 24 = Interlock (INT); 2611/2612/2635/2636 25 = +5V

DIGITAL I/O

How do I use the Digital I/O port?

Digital I/O port terminals

The Digital I/O port, located on the rear panel (see Figure 1-2), provides 14 digital I/O lines (Figure

A-1). Each output can be set high (+5V) or low (0V), read high or low logic levels, and can be set

up for triggering. Make connections using a cable with a Male DB-25 connector (Keithley Instruments part number CA-126-1).

Figure A-1

Digital I/O port terminals

How do I trigger other instruments?

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics A-3

Controlling the digital I/O port

From the front panel, select MENU > DIGOUT > DIG-IO-OUTPUT, then enter the decimal value to set I/O lines high or low (16,383 maximum). Comma nds for basic I/O are summarized in For example, to set all 14 lines high, send: digio.write.port(16383).

Table A-1

Commands for basic I/O port

Command Description

digio.readbit(bit) digio.readport() digio.writebit(bit, data) digio.writeport(data)

T riggering a scanner

A typical test scenario might call for using the Series 2600A with a scanner to test a number of DUTs in sequence. A basic example that uses the Series 2600A Digital I/O port to trigger a scanner is shown in connected to the scanner mainframe trigger input, while line 2 of the I/O port is used as a trigger input.

Figure A-2. In this case, line 1 of the I/O port is used as a trigger output and

Table A-1.

Read one digital I/O input line. Read digital I/O port. Write data to one digital I/O output line. Write data to digital I/O port.

Appendix A: Frequently Asked Questions Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

Series 2600A SourceMeter

Scanner Mainframe

Digital I/O Line 1

(Trigger Out)

Digital I/O Line 2

(Trigger In)

Trigger In

Trigger Out

Figure A-2

Triggering a scanner

Programming triggering

A simple command sequence that sets up triggering is shown below. The first two commands set the output pulse width on line 1 and program line 2 for falling edge input triggers. The second two commands assert and then wait for a trigger on lines 1 and 2 respectively.

digio.trigger[1].pulsewidth = 1e-5 -- Set line 1 pulse width to 10ms. digio.trigger[1].mode =

digio.TRIG_FALLING digio.trigger[2].mode =

digio.TRIG_FALLING digio.trigger[1].assert() -- Assert trigger on line 1. digio.trigger[2].wait(timeout) -- Wait for trigger on line 2.

-- Set line 1 mode to falling edge.

-- Set line 2 mode to falling edge.

How do I generate a service request?

Setting up a service request

The exact programming steps necessary to generate a GPIB service request (SRQ) will vary somewhat depending on the event(s) intended to generate the SRQ. In general, the steps used will be as follows:

• Clear all status registers to prevent anomalous events from generating an SRQ.

• Set bits in the appropriate operation: questionable, measurement enable, or transition register(s).

• Set the proper summary bit in the service request enable register. At least one bit in this register must always be set, but the exact bit(s) to be set will depend on the desired SRQ event(s).

Service request programming example

The example below shows how to program the SourceMeter to generate an SRQ when the current limit on Channel A is exceeded.

status.reset() -- Clear all registers. status.measurement.current_limit.enable =

status.measurement.current_limit.SMUA status.measurement.enable =

status.measurement.ILMT status.request_enable = status.MSB - Enable status SRQ MSB.

----Enable current limit bit in current limit register.

----Enable status measure current limit bit.

A-4 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Appendix A: Frequently Asked Questions

Polling for SRQs

To determine if the SourceMeter is the GPIB device that generated the SRQ, simply serial poll the unit for the status byte, and test to see if the corresponding summary bit or bits are set. For example, the following commands request the status byte and prints the result:

status_byte = status.condition print(status_byte)

How do I store measurements in nonvolatile memory?

Each SMU has two dedicated reading buffers for measured readings, source values, and timestamps: Buffer 1 ( nonvolatile memory so that saved data will load automatically when power is cycled.

Front panel operation

See How do I use the reading buffer? for details on storing data from the front panel of the Series 2600A.

Remote programming

nvbuffer1) and Buffer 2 (nvbuffer2). Reading buffers can be saved to

The following example demonstrates a typical way to use a reading buffer. The commands in the following steps will perform three SMU A voltage measureme nts, store them in then read the buffer:

nvbuffer1, and

Step 1: Clear and configure the buffer

The following command sequence will clear the buffer of all readings, and configure the buffer to store timestamps and source values:

smua.nvbuffer1.clear() smua.nvbuffer1.collecttimestamps = 1 smua.nvbuffer1.collectsourcevalues = 1

NOTE Setting collecttimestamps to 0 and collectsourcevalues to 0

will disable the storage of timestamps and source values.

Step 2: Perform measurements

The following command sequence sets the measure count to three, turns on the output, performs the three measurements, and then turns off the output:

smua.measure.count = 3 smua.source.output = smua.OUTPUT_ON smua.measure.v(smua.nvbuffer1) smua.source.output = smua.OUTPUT_OFF

The three measure readings, timestamps, and source values will be stored in the buffer.

Step 3: Read the buffer

The following code will output the three sets of data (nine values) in the same message:

rb1 = smua.nvbuffer1 printbuffer(1, rb1.n, rb1, rb1.timestamps, rb1.sourcevalues)

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics A-5

Appendix A: Frequently Asked Questions Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

For the above printbuffer function, 1 is the starting index for values to output, rb1.n is the ending index ( measured readings, includes the source values.

Example output:

1.234567e-03, 5.555555e-02, 1.000000e+00, 2.362360e-03, 8.888888e-02,

1.000000e+00, 2.362368e-03, 1.111111e-01, 1.000000e+00

The above output is returned in the following order: reading1, timestamp1, sourcevalue1, reading2, timestamp2, sourcevalue2, reading3, timestamp3,

sourcevalue3 See Step 3 of Running a factory script for more examples on reading the buffer.

n = the number of readings in the buffer, which in this case is 3), rb1 includes the

rb1.timestamps includes the timestamps, and rb1.sourcevalues

Step 4: Save the data

After the measurements are complete, you can save the reading buffer data to the nonvolatile memory in the instrument.

To save the reading buffer data:

1. From the front panel, press STORE and then choose SAVE.

2. Select INTERNAL to save to internal nonvolatile memory.

3. Select one of the following:

• SMUA-BUFFER1

• SMUA-BUFFER2

• SMUB-BUFFER1

• SMUB-BUFFER2

4. The front panel displays Saving... This may take awhile.

5. Press the EXIT key to return to the main menu.

How do I stack channels to output higher volt age?

The maximum output voltage of a Model 2601A or Model 2602A channel is 40.4, and the maximum output voltage of a Model 2611A/2612A or 2635A/2636A channel is 202V. Higher voltage can be output by stacking (connecting in series) channels.

Stacking channels requires that all SMU channels (except one) float off earth ground. Figure A-3 shows two Model 2602As configured with the four channels connected in series to output up to

161.6V (40.4V per channel). Additional channels can be added (stacked), but the LO terminal of any SMU channel in the stack must never exceed 250V with respect to earth ground.

WARNING The maximum floating (common mode) voltage for a SMU is ±250V.

Exceeding this level may cause damage to the instrument and create a shock hazard.

Whenever hazardous voltage (>30 V RMS, 42 V peak) will be output, a safety shield must completely surround the DUT test circuit. When using a metal safety shield, it must be connected to a known safety earth ground and chassis ground.

A-6 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Appendix A: Frequently Asked Questions

+ 

40.4V max

+ 

40.4V max

Chan B

Chan A

2602A-2

+ 

40.4V max

+ 

40.4V max

Chan B

Chan A

2602A-1

Chassis earth ground

DUT

161.6V Max

Output low connected to chassis

Safety

earth

ground

Safety shield

Each 2602A chassis is connected to chassis earth ground through the power cord.

WARNING

Connect metal safety shield to safety earth ground using #18 AWG or larger wire.

Note

On the 2602A-1, connect Channel A LO to the chassis at the rear panel.

LOs for the other channels must be isolated from chassis.

Figure A-3

Stacking channels for higher voltage

NOTE Each stacked channel adds approximately 100μA of common mode

current that is seen by the channels below it. Therefore, in the example above, Model 2602A-1 Chan A will measure approximately 100μA x 3 = 300μA higher than Model 2602A-2 Chan B. Similarly, Model 2602A-1 Chan B will measure approximately 100μA x 2 = 200μA higher than Model 2602A-2 Chan B. The most accurate measurement of actual current flowing through the DUT will be obtained from Model 2602A-2 Chan B.

How do I parallel channels to output higher current?

The maximum DC output current of a Model 2601A or Model 2602A channel is as follows:

• 1.01A @ up to 40.4V

• 3.03A @ up to 6.06V

The maximum DC output current of a Model 2611A/2612A or Model 2635A/2636A channel is as follows:

• 101mA @ up to 202V

• 1.515A @ up to 20.2V

Higher current can be output by connecting channels in parallel. Figure A-4 shows four channels of two Model 2602As, 2612As, or 2636As connected in p arallel. Two Model 2602As can output up to 4.04A at up to 40.4V and 12.12A at up to 6.06V, while two Model 2612As and Model 2636As can output up to 404mA at up to 202V and 6.06A at up to 20.2V. The current delivered to the DUT is the sum of currents output by the four SMU channels. More current can be output by connecting additional channels in parallel.

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics A-7

Appendix A: Frequently Asked Questions Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual



Chan B

Chan A

2602A #1, 2612A #1,

2636A #1



Chan B

Chan A

2602A #2, 2612A #2,

2636A #2



DUT

I1 I2

IT = I1 + I2 + I3 +14

S LO

CHANNEL A

LO GLO HI G G G HI

KEITHLEY Model 2601A/2602A/2611A/2612A

S HI

DUT

Cable/relay

resistance

Contact

resistance

Figure A-4

Connecting channels in parallel for higher current

How do I make contact check measurement s?

Contact check connections

The contact check function prevents measurement errors due to excessive resistance in the force or sense leads caused by poor contact at the DUT, failing relay contacts on a switching card, or wires that are too long or thin. The contact check function will also detect an open circuit that may occur with a four-point probe is misplaced or misaligned. 2611A/2612A contact check connections, and Figure A-6 shows Model 2635A/2636A contact check connections. RC is the resistance of the mechanical contact at the DUT, and RS is the series resistance of relays and cables.

Figure A-5 shows Model 2601A/2602A/

Figure A-5

Model 2601A/2602A/2611A/2612A contact check connections

A-8 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual Appendix A: Frequently Asked Questions

CHANNEL A

SENSE

GUARD

SENSE

HIHI

Sense LO

KEITHLEY Model 2635A/2636A

Sense HI

DUT

Cable/Relay

Resistance

Contact

Resistance

Triax

Cables

Center

Conductors

Inner

Shield

Center

Conductor

Figure A-6

Model 2635A/2636A contact check connections

How do I make low-current measurements?

Low-current connections

smua.reset() -- Restore defaults. smua.contact.speed = smua.CONTACT_FAST -- Set speed to fast. smua.contact.threshold = 10 -- Set threshold to 10W. if (not smua.contact.check()) then

Check contacts against threshold.

--One/both contact resistances are not

--below the programmed threshold.

smua.contact.speed = smua.CONTACT_SLOW

rhi, rlo = smua.contact.r() print(rhi, rlo) exit()

end

Set speed to slow.

Get resistance readings.

Return contact resistances to the

host.

Terminate execution.

smua.source.output = smua.OUTPUT_ON -- Turn on output and continue.

Low-current measurements (<1μA) are subject to errors caused by leakage currents and leakage resistances in the signal path For that reason, Models 2635A and 2636A are equipped with triax

of the signal path must be maintained to the DUT, including using both low-noise triax cables and a

connectors to minimize these problems. To assure accurate low-level measurements, the integrity suitable test fixture.

Figure A-7 shows typical connections for low-current mea sur e men ts. The DUT in this exam p le

could be a low-current semiconductor device, a high-megohm resistor, or any other passive or active electronic device requiring low-current measurements. Note that the DUT is enclosed in

2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008 Return to Section Topics A-9

Appendix A: Frequently Asked Questions Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

both a guard shield and a safety shield, which is necessary when hazardous voltages are used. The inner shield (guard) of the HI triax cable is connected to the test fixture guard shield, and the outer cable shield (chassis ground) is connected to the safety shield.

Figure A-7

Model 2635A/2636A low-current connections

Low-current measurement programming example

The command sequence for typical low-current measurements is shown below. The sequence assumes that a 100GΩ resistor is being tested. These commands set the output voltage to 100V and then measure and display both the current through the device as well as the resistance.

smua.reset() -- Restore defaults. smua.source.func = smua.OUTPUT_DCVOLTS -- Set source to DCV. smua.source.rangev = 200 -- Select 200V source range. smua.source.levelv = 100 -- Output 100V DC. smua.measure.rangei = 1e-9 -- Select 1nA range. smua.source.limiti = 1e-9 -- Set current limit to 1nA. smua.source.output = smua.OUTPUT_ON -- Turn on output. print(smua.measure.i()) -- Display current reading. print(smua.measure.r()) -- Display resistance reading. smua.source.output = smua.OUTPUT_OFF -- Turn off output.

A-10 Return to Section Topics 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Index

Auto zero

Disabling ......................................... A-2

Basic measurements ..............................1-10

Buffer

Configuration ..................................1-15

Configuring .....................................1-15

Overview ........................................1-15

Recalling readings ..........................1-16

Storing readings .............................1-16

Using ..............................................1-15

Calling a function ................................... ...3-4

Operator interaction .........................3-5

Chassis ground ................................1-6, 1-8

Clearing a buffer .................................... .. A-5

Command help .......................................2-14

Compliance

Setting limit .....................................1-11

Configuring a buffer ................................. A-5

Connections

DUT ......................................1-11, 1-15

Connectors

Digital I/O .................................1-5, 1-8

IEEE-488 ..................................1-6, 1-8

Output ......................................1-5, 1-7

Power module ..........................1-6, 1-8

RS-232 .....................................1-6, 1-8

TSP-Link ..................................1-6, 1-8

Console window

Clearing ..........................................2-14

Saving ............................................2-14

Contact check

Connections .................................... A-8

Measurements ................................ A-8

Control icons ..........................................2-13

Digital I/O port

Controlling ....................................... A-3

Terminals ........................................ A-3

Display

Annunciators ....................................1-4

Display modes ........................................1-12

DUT connections ....................................1-11

Factory scripts .......................................... 3-2

Front panel summaries ............................1-2

GPIB interface ..................................2-2, A-2

How do I interact with scripts using .......... 3-4

How do I parallel channels to output higher current?

A-7

How do I run a script from the front panel? 3-2 How do I stack channels to output higher voltage?

A-6

How do I store measurements in non-volatile

memory? ..........................................A-5

How do I use other programs? ............... 3-12

How do I use the expanded system? ....... 4-3

IEEE-488 interface ...........................2-2, A-2

Importing a factory script project .............. 3-6

Input/output connections .................. 1-5, 1-7

Instrument resource

Closing ........................................... 2-13

Opening .........................................2-13

Interface configuration

GPIB ................................................2-2

RS-232 ............................................. 2-3

Keys

Function ........................................... 1-3

Output control ..................................1-4

Range ..............................................1-4

Special ............................................. 1-3

LabVIEW ...................................... 2-17, 3-12

Language help ....................................... 2-14

Line frequency ....................................... 1-10

Line power

Connecting to ................................. 1-10

Setting line frequency ....................1-10

Turning on ...................................... 1-10

Low current

Connections .....................................A-9

Measurements .................................A-9

Programming example ...................A-10

Index Series 2600A System SourceMeter® Instruments User’s Manual

Measurement

Function ..........................................1-12

Making ............................................1-12

Range .............................................1-12

Setting functions .............................1-15

Measurements

Basic ............................................... 1-11

Using Test Script Builder ................2-14

Modifying a factory script ..........................3-6

Modifying the test code ............................3-7

Optimizing performance .......................... A-2

Output

Turning off ......................................1-12

Turning on ............................1-12, 1-16

Performing measurements ......................A-5

Power module ..................................1-6, 1-8

Power switch ............................................1-3

Programs

Using ..............................................2-17

Using LabVIEW ....................2-17, 3-12

Using Visual Basic ................2-19, 3-14

Project Navigator pane ...........................2-11

PulseVMeasureI function .........................3-4

Speed

Setting ..............................................A-2

SRQ (Service request) .............................A-4

Storing a script in non-volatile memory .... 3-8

Storing readings .....................................1-16

Test Script Builder

Running ..........................................2-11

Using ..............................................2-11

Timestamp .............................................1-16

Triggering

Other instruments ............................A-3

Programming ...................................A-4

Scanner ............................................A-3

TSP-Link

Accessing node resources ...............4-3

Connections ..................................... 4-2

Initialization (reset) ...........................4-3

localnode variable (alias) .................4-3

Node number assignments .............. 4-2

node variable ...................................4-3

Running scripts ................................4-4

Setup ................................................4-2

System check ...................................4-3

User scripts ..............................................3-2

Reading a buffer ......................3-5, A-5, A-6

Readings

Recalling .........................................1-16

Storing ............................................1-16

Rear panel summaries .............................1-2

Recalling readings ..................................1-16

Remote interface

Configuring .......................................2-2

Connections .....................................2-2

Using .......................................2-2, A-2

Rotary knob ..............................................1-4

RS-232 interface ............................. 2-2, A-2

Running a factory script ............................3-4

Running a user script .............................3-11

Saving a script ..........................................3-8

Script Development pane .......................2-11

Service request

Generating ....................................... A-4

Polling for ........................................ A-5

Programming example .................... A-4

Setting up ........................................A-4

Source

Selecting .........................................1-11

Setting functions .............................1-15

Setting level ....................................1-11

Source-measure capabilities ....................1-6

Model 2601/2602 ..............................1-9

Model 2611/2612 ..............................1-9

Model 2635/2636 ..............................1-9

SourceMeter/Script Interaction pane ......2-11

Vents

Cooling .....................................1-6, 1-8

Visual Basic ........................................... 2-19

What is a script? ...................................... 3-2

Index-2 2600AS-900-01 Rev. B / September 2008

Service Form

Model No. Serial No. Date Name and Telephone No.

Company

List all control settings, describe problem and check boxes that apply to problem.

o Intermittent o Analog output follows display o Particular range or function bad; specify o IEEE failure o Obvious problem on pow er-up o Batteries and fuses are OK

o Front panel operational o All ranges or functions are bad o Checked all cables

Display or output (check one)

o Drifts o Unable to zero o Unstable o Will not read applied input o Overload

o Calibration only o Certificate of calibration required o Data required

(attach any additional sheets as necessary) Show a block diagram of your measurement system including all instruments connected (whether power is turned on

or not). Also, describe signal source.

Where is the measurement being performed? (factory, controlled laboratory, out-of-doors, etc.)

What power line voltage is used? Ambient temperature?°F

Relative humidity? Other?

Any additional information. (If special modifications have been made by the user, please describe.)

Be sure to include your name and phone number on this service form.

12/06

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

All Keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of Keithley Instruments, Inc.

All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies.

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

Keithley Instruments, Inc.

Corporate Headquarters • 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: 440-248-6168 • 1-888-KEITHLEY • www.keithley.com

Keithley 2601A, 2635A, 2602A, 2611A, 2612A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

WARRANTY

Safety Precautions

Table of Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Front and rear panel familiarization

What are the source-measure capabilities?

How do I power-up the instrument?

How do I make measurements?

How do I use the reading buffer?

How do I use the remote interface?

Working with the web interface

TSP Express

TSB embedded

How do I use T est Script Builder?

How do I use TSB to make measurements?

How do I use other programs?

What is a script?

How do I run a script from the front panel?

How do I save scripts to the USB flash drive?

How do I interact with scripts using Test Script Builder?

How do I use other programs?

How do I set up the TSP-Link system?

How do I use the expanded system?

How do I optimize performance?

How do I upgrade the firmware?

How do I use the Digital I/O port?

How do I trigger other instruments?

How do I generate a service request?

How do I store measurements in nonvolatile memory?

How do I stack channels to output higher volt age?

How do I parallel channels to output higher current?

How do I make contact check measurement s?

How do I make low-current measurements?

Index