Joy-It Mega2560 R3 Starter Kit Service Manual

3

3

Mega2560 R3 Starter Kit

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3

Index

1 General informaons & technical data

2 Assignment

3 Soware installaon

3.1 Soware setup

4 EU-Declaraon of conformity

5 Project-examples

5.1 Project 1: Hello World

5.2 Project 2: ashing LED

5.3 Project 3: PWM Lightcontrol

5.4 Project 4: Trac lights

5.5 Project 5: LED chasing eect

5.6 Project 6: Buon controlled LED

5.7 Project 7: Responder experiment

5.8 Project 8: Acve buzzer

5.9 Project 9: Passive buzzer

5.10 Project 10: Reading analog values

5.11 Project 11: Light dependent resistor

5.12 Project 12: Flamesensor

5.13 Project 13: Tilt switch

5.14 Project 14: 1-Digit LED segment display

5.15 Project 15: 4-Digit LED segment display

5.16 Project 16: LM35 Temperature-sensor

5.17 Project 17: 74HC595

5.18 Project 18: RGB LED

5.19 Project 19: Infrarot remote control

5.20 Project 20: 8x8 LED Matrix

Mega2560 R3 Star-

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Dear customer,

thank you for purchasing our product.
Please nd our instrucons below.

1. General informaons & technical data

Our board is a high quality reproducon and fully compable with the Arduino Mega 2560.
We would, however, like to emphasize that this is not an original Arduino.

The Mega board is the right microcontrollerboard for everyone who wants to quickly join the
programmers world.

This set will lead you to a variety of projects.

Its ATMega2560-Microcontroller oers you enough performance for your ideas and projects. It has a size
of 101.52 mm x 53.3 mm and includes 54 digital in– and outputs and 16 analog inputs.

Model ARD_Mega2560R3

Microcontroller ATmega2560
Input voltage 7-12V

Input current (max.) 6-20V

Digital IO 54 (14 mit PWM)

Analog IO 16

DC current IO 40mA

DC current 3.3V 50mA

Memory 256kB (8kB für Bootloader)

SRAM 8kB

EEPROM 4kB

Clock Speed 16 MHz

Dimensions 101.52mm x 53.3mm

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2. Assignment

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3. Soware installaon

To start programming your JOY-IT ARD_Mega2560R3, you need to install the development environment,
and, of course, the drivers, on your computer.

The Arduino IDE is best for using with the Mega2560.
It is licensed as open source soware under the GPLv2 terms and ist concept and design is aiming for
beginners.

This IDE is completely compable to our Mega2560R3 board and oers you every driver you need for a
quick start.

You can download the soware here.

3.1 Soware setup

Aer installing the soware, you need to choose the right microcontroller-board in the environment.
Therefore you need to be aware of two steps:

1. Choose „Arduino/Genuino Mega or Mega 2560“ at [Tools->Board].

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2. Choose the right port (marked with Arduino/Genuino Mega or Mega 2560) at [Tools -> Port].

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4 EU-Declaraon of conformity

Manufacturer JOY-iT Europe GmbH
Pascalstr. 8
47506 Neukirchen-Vluyn

Arcle descripon: ard_mega2560R3 /ARD-Set01

Descripon: Microcontroller-Board / Set

Purpose: experimental setup / prototyping

The manufacturer, the JOY-IT Europe GmbH, Pascalstr. 8, D-47506 Neukirchen-Vluyn, declares that the
product „ard_Mega2560IP“ is, during operaon according to regulaons, in compliance with the
fundamental requirements of the following guidelines:

2014/ 30/EU (EMV) & 2011/65/EU (Rohs)

The following standards has been applied for assessment:

EN 61326-1: 2013
electrical equipment for measure-, control– and laboratorydevices - EMV requirement part 1 ge­neral requirements

Date Name Signature Posion

03.03.2017 Yue Yang Director

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5 Project examples

5.1 Project 1: „Hello World“

We start with an easy one.
You just need the board and an USB cable to start with the „Hello World!“ project.
This is an communicaon test for your Mega2560 and your computer and a basic project for your rst
steps in the Arduino world.

Aer compleng the drivers installaon, let‘s open the Arduino soware and write some code, which
displays „Hello World“ underneath your code.
Of course you can create some code, which is going to repeat the message automacally.
We can instruct the LED on PIN 13 to blink at rst and to output „Hello World“ aerwars.

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1
LED 1

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int val; // defines variable “Val”
int ledpin=13; // defines digital interface 13
void setup()

{

Serial.begin(9600); // sets baudrate to 9600 to comply

// with software configurationre

pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT); // sets digital PIN 13 to output.
// This configuration is requi
//red when using I/O ports.}

void loop()
{

val=Serial.read(); // reads symbols and assigns to „Val“

if(val=='R') // checks input for the letter „R“

{ // if so, turn on LED at PIN 13
digitalWrite(ledpin,HIGH);

delay(500);
digitalWrite(ledpin,LOW); // turns off LED

delay(500);

Serial.println("Hello World!"); // shows “Hello World”
}

}

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Open the serial monitor and insert a „R“.
The LED is going to light up once and you will see „Hello World“ in the serial monitor.

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5.2 Project 2: ashing LED

The ashing LED project is quite easy.
We already discovered the LED in the previous project.
This me we will connect the LED to a digital port.
Diesmal werden wir eine LED mit einem der digitalen Pins verbinden.
This is what we need:

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1
Red M5 LED 1

220Ω resistor 1

Breadboard 1
Breadboard cable 2

Just connect the components as seen in the circuit diagram below.
We are going to use digital pin 10.
Connect the LED to a 220 Ohm resistor to avoid damage by higher currents.

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int ledPin = 10; // Defines digital PIN 10.

void setup()

{

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // Defines PIN with connected LED as
// output
}

void loop()
{

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // turns on LED
delay(1000); // waits a second
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // turns off LED
delay(1000); // waits a second

}

Nach dem Runterladen dieses Programms, wirst du im Experiment die an Pin 10 verbundene LED sich, mit
einem Intervall von ca. einer Sekunde, Ein- und Ausschalten sehen.

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5.3 Project 3: PWM Lightcontrol

PWM, short for Pulse Width Modulaon, is a technique, used to
translate analog signals into digital signals.
A computer is not able to output an analog voltage.
Er kann nur Digitalspannung ausgeben mit Werten wie 0V oder

5V.

Therefore, a high-resoluon counter is used, to code an analog
signal level, by modulang the occupancy rate of PWM.
The voltage and current is led by repeated pulse sequences to the component.

Every analog value can be decoded by PWM, if the bandwith is appropiated.
The value of the outputvoltage is calculated with the duraon of the on and o condions.
Voltage = (ON duraon / pulse duraon) * maximum voltage

PWM has many uses: control of lighntensity, control of motor speed etc.

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The three basic parameters of PWM:

1. Die amplitude of the pulse width (minimum/maximum)

2. Pulsefrequency

3. Voltage level

The Mega2560 has 6 interfaces, supporng PWM: digital PIN 3, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11.

Hardware Amount

In a previous project, we used a digital signal to control a
LED.

Mega2560 Plane 1
USB Kabel 1
Rote M5 LED 1
Variabler Widerstand 1

Now we are going to use a potenometer to adjust the
brightness of the LED.

220Ω Widerstand 1
Breadboard 1
Breadboard Überbrückungskabel 6

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While creang this program, we will make use of the analog wring funcon.
In this experiment, we are going to read the analog value of the potenmeter and assign this value to the
PWM port, to noce a change of LED brightness.
The last part will be to show the analog value on the screen.

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int potpin=0; // inialises analog PIN 0
int ledpin=11; // inialises digital PIN 11 (PWM output)

int val=0; // saves the value of the sensor
void setup()

{
pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT); // sets digital PIN 11 to output
Serial.begin(9600); // sets baudrate to 9600

}

void loop()
{

val=analogRead(potpin); // reads analog value and assigns it to „Val“
Serial.println(val); // shows „Val“ value
analogWrite(ledpin,val/4); // turns on LED and assigns brightness
//(maximum PWM output is 255)
delay(10); // waits 0,01 seconds
}

Aer transferring the code, we can noce the
value changing by moving the potenometer.
We can also noce the brightness of the LED
changing.

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5.4. Projekt 4: Trac lights

We already discovered the ashing LED project.
Now it is me to do a more complicated experiment:
Trac lights
During this experiment we will used three LEDs with dierecnt
colors.

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1
Red M5 LED 1
Yellow M5 LED 1
Green M5 LED 1
220Ω resistor 3
Breadboard 1
Breadboard cable 4

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Because this is a simulaon of trac lights, the lighng duraon should be as long as real trac lights.
Therefore we are going to use the Arduinos delayfuncon, to control the delay.

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int redled =10; // initialises digital PIN 8
int yellowled =7; // initialises digital PIN 7
int greenled =4; // initialises digital PIN 4

void setup()

{

pinMode(redled, OUTPUT); // sets red LED PIN to output
pinMode(yellowled, OUTPUT); // sets yellow LED PIN to output
pinMode(greenled, OUTPUT); // sets green LED PIN to output
}

void loop()
{
digitalWrite(greenled, HIGH); // turns on green LED
delay(5000); // waits 5 seconds
digitalWrite(greenled, LOW); // turns off green LED
for(int i=0;i<3;i++) // flashes 3x

{

delay(5000); // waits 5 seconds
digitalWrite(yellowled, HIGH); // turns on yellow LED
delay(5000); // waits 5 seconds
digitalWrite(yellowled, LOW); // turns off yellow LED

}

delay(5000); // waits 5 seconds
digitalWrite(redled, HIGH); // turns on red LED
delay(5000); // waits 5 seconds
digitalWrite(redled, LOW); // turns off red LED

}

You can watch the trac lights, aer the transfer is complete.
The green light is going to light up for ve seconds.
The yellow light then ashes three mes.
The green light will then light up for another ve seconds.
Then the yellow light wll ash three mes again.
In the end the red light will light up for three seconds and completes the cycle.

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5.5 Project 5: LED Chase-Eect

We oen see billboards with colorful LEDs.
These are always changing to form dierent eects.
This experiment will simulate this eect.

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1
LED 6
220Ω resistor 6
Breadboard 1
Breadboard cable 12

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int BASE = 2 ; // I/O PIN for the first LED
int NUM = 6; // Amount of LEDs
void setup()
{

for (int i = BASE; i < (BASE + NUM); i ++)
{
pinMode(i, OUTPUT); // sets I/O PINs to output
}

}
void loop()
{

for (int i = BASE; i < (BASE + NUM); i ++)
{
digitalWrite(i, LOW); // sets I/O PIN to „low“, turns on LEDs
// one after the other die LEDs
delay(200); // delay
}
for (int i = BASE; i < (BASE + NUM); i ++)
{
digitalWrite(i, HIGH); // sets I/O PIN to „high“,

// turns off LEDs one after the other
delay(200); // delay
}
}

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5.6 Project 6: buon-controled LED

I/O Port is the interface for input and output.
Unl now we have just used the output.
In this project we will try to use the input to read the value of
the connected component.
We will use a buon and a LED with the input and output to
give a beer unterstanding of the I/O funcon.
Buons have a digital value.
If the buon is pressed, the circuit is closed and gets in a
conducve state.

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1
LED 1

220Ω resistor 1
10kΩ resisotr 1

Buon 1
Breadboard 1
Breadboard cable 5

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By pressing the buon, the LED will light up.
In this program, an if query is used.

int ledpin=11; // initalises PIN 11
int inpin=7; // initialises PIN 7
int val; // defines „Val”
void setup()

{
pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT); // sets LED PIN to „OUTPUT“
pinMode(inpin,INPUT); // sets button PIN to „INPUT“

}
void loop()
{

val=digitalRead(inpin); // reads value of PIN 7

// assigns to „Val“

if(val==LOW) // checks if button is pressed

// if so, LED lights up
{ digitalWrite(ledpin,LOW);}
else
{ digitalWrite(ledpin,HIGH);}
}

If the buon is pressed, the LED will light up.
Otherwise it will stay o.

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5.7 Project 7: Responder experiment

In this program are three buons and one reset buon which will control the three LEDs with 7 digital I/O
PINs.

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1
Red M5 LED 1
Yellow M5 LED 1
Green M5 LED 1
220Ω resistor 7
Buons 4
Breadboard 1
Breadboard cable 13

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int redled=8; // sets red LED to „Output“
int yellowled=7; // sets yellow LED to „Output“
int greenled=6; // sets green LED to „Output“
int redpin=5; // initialises PIN for red button
int yellowpin=4; // initialises PIN for yellow button
int greenpin=3; // initialises PIN for green button
int restpin=2; // initialises PIN for reset button
int red;
int yellow;
int green;
void setup()
{

pinMode(redled,OUTPUT);
pinMode(yellowled,OUTPUT);
pinMode(greenled,OUTPUT);
pinMode(redpin,INPUT);
pinMode(yellowpin,INPUT);
pinMode(greenpin,INPUT);

}
void loop() //reads the buttons repetitive
{

red=digitalRead(redpin);
yellow=digitalRead(yellowpin);
green=digitalRead(greenpin);
if(red==LOW)RED_YES();
if(yellow==LOW)YELLOW_YES();
if(green==LOW)GREEN_YES();

}

void RED_YES() // executes the code until the red LED is

// on. Ends the circle when the reset
// button is pressed.

{

while(digitalRead(restpin)==1)
{
digitalWrite(redled,HIGH);
digitalWrite(greenled,LOW);
digitalWrite(yellowled,LOW);
}
clear_led();

}

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void YELLOW_YES() // executes the code until the yellow LED
// is on. Ends the circle when the reset
// button is pressed.

{
while(digitalRead(restpin)==1)
{
digitalWrite(redled,LOW);
digitalWrite(greenled,LOW);
digitalWrite(yellowled,HIGH);
}
clear_led();

}
void GREEN_YES() // executes the code until the green LED

// is on. Ends the circle when the reset
// button is pressed.

{
while(digitalRead(restpin)==1)
{
digitalWrite(redled,LOW);
digitalWrite(greenled,HIGH);
digitalWrite(yellowled,LOW);
}
clear_led();

}
void clear_led() // turns all LEDs off
{

digitalWrite(redled,LOW);
digitalWrite(greenled,LOW);
digitalWrite(yellowled,LOW);
}

Achten Sie bie darauf, dass Sie beide Code-Teile in ihrem Sketch des Arduino-Programms
zusammenfügen.
Wenn eine Taste betägt wird, schaltet sich die entsprechende LED ein.
Wird die Reset-Taste betägt, schaltet sich die entsprechende LED wieder aus.

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5.8 Project 8: Acve buzzer

Acve buzzers are used in computers, printers, alarm clocks, toys etc. to
emit a sound.
It has an inner vibraon source.
Connected to a 5V-Power-supply, it can buzz repeatedly.

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1
Buzzer 1
Breadboard 1
Breadboard cable 2

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int buzzer=8; // initialises digital I/O PIN
// to control the buzzer
void setup()

{
pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT); // sets pinmode to Output

}

void loop()

{
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH); // makes sounds
}

Das Projekt ist nach dem Übertragen des Programms abgeschlossen.
Der Summer summt.

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5.9 Project 9: Passive buzzer

With the Mega2560, many interacve projects are possib­le.
The previous projects mainly dealt with LEDs but an oen
used project is the acousc-opc display.
Therefore, a passive buzzer is used which is, unlike the
acve buzzer, not able to acvate itself.
The acvaon occurs over a pulse frequency.
Dierent frequencs result in dierent sounds.
You can use this to play the melody of a song.

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1
Passive buzzer 1
Breadboard 1
Breadboard cable 2

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int buzzer=8;
void setup()
{
pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT); // sets buzzer Pin to output.
}
void loop()
{

unsigned char i,j; // defines variable
while(1)
{
for(i=0;i<80;i++) // emits frequencysound
{
digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH); // Sound
delay(1); // 1ms delay
digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW); // No sound
delay(1); // 1ms delay
}
for(i=0;i<100;i++) // emits frequencysound
{
digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH); // Sound
digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW); // No Sound
delay(2); // 2ms delay
}
}
}

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5.10 Project 10: Reading analog values

This project is about the analog interfaces of the Mega2560.
An analogRead() command can the value of the interface.
Because of the Analog-Digital-Converter of the Mega2560, the read-out values are between 0 and 1023.
To be able to read the values, it is important to take care of the right baudrate.
The baudrate of the computer has to meet the requirements of the device.
If you open the serial monitor in your Arduino program, you can congure the baudrate in the boom
right corner.
Here we are going to convert the adjustes value of a potenometer to an analog value and display it on
the screen.

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1
Potenometer 1
Breadboard 1
Breadboard cable 3

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int potpin=0; // initialises analog PIN 0
int ledpin=13; // initialises digital PIN 13
int val=0; // defines „Val“
void setup()

{
pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT); // sets digital PIN to „Output“
Serial.begin(9600); // sets Baudrate to 9600

}
void loop()
{

digitalWrite(ledpin,HIGH); // turns on LED
delay(50); // waits 0,05 seconds
digitalWrite(ledpin,LOW); // turns off
delay(50); // waits 0,05 seconds
val=analogRead(potpin); // reads Analogvalue

Serial.println(val); // Shows Analogvalue(saved in „Val“)
}

The read out values are displayed in the serial montor.

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5.11 Project 11: Light dependent resistor

A light dependent resistor is a resistor which is changing its value by the
incoming light.
It is based on the photoelectric eect of semiconductors.
If the incoming light is intensive, it reduces its power of resistance.
If the incoming light is low, it raises its power of resistance.
Light dependent resistors are usually used for light measurement, light
control and for photovoltaic-conversion.
We will use this eect to control the light intensity of a LED.

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1
Red M5 LED 1
Light dependent resistor 1

220Ω resistor 1
10kΩ resistor 1

Breadboard 1
Breadboard cable 5

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int potpin=0; // initialises analog PIN 0 an
int ledpin=11; // initialises digital PIN 11. Ausgang
int val=0; // initialises variable „Val“
void setup()

{
pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT); // sets Pin 11 to output
Serial.begin(9600); // sets baudrate to „9600“

}
void loop()
{

val=analogRead(potpin); // reads analog value of the sensor
Serial.println(val); // shows analog value in „Val“
analogWrite(ledpin,val); // turns on LED and sets brightness
delay(10); // waits 0,01 seconds
}

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5.12 Project 12: Flamesensor

The Flamesensor (infrared receiving triode) is specially used by robots
to nd amesources.
This sensor has a high sensivity to ames because infrared rays are
very sensive to re.
It has a specially build Infared-Receiverpipe to detect re and convert
the light of the ames to a signal.
These signals are processed by the central processor.

If the sensor is approaching a re, the analog voltage is changing.
If no re is close, the voltage is by roughly 0.3V.
If a re is close, the voltage is at 1V.
The higher the voltage, the closer the re.

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1
Flamesensor 1
Buzzer 1
10kΩ Resistor 1
Breadboard 1
Breadboard cable 6

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int flame=0; // selects analog PIN 0 for sensor
int Beep=9; // selects digital PIN9 for buzzer
int val=0; // initialises variable
void setup()

{
pinMode(Beep,OUTPUT); // sets buzzer PIN to „output“
pinMode(flame,INPUT); // sets flame semsor PIN to „input“
Serial.begin(9600); // sets baudrate to „9600“

}
void loop()
{

val=analogRead(flame); // reads the sensors analog value
Serial.println(val); // prints the value
if(val>=600) // buzzer beeps if value over 600
{

digitalWrite(Beep,HIGH);
}else
{

digitalWrite(Beep,LOW);
}
delay(500);
}

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5.13 Project 13: Tilt switch

We are going to use the lt switch to control the on and o switch of a LED.
The switch is on if the lt switch is below a horizontal posion.

We can use the voltagevalue of the analog port, on which the lt switch is
connected to, to measure the posion of the switch.

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1
Tilt switch 1
Red M5 LED 1
220Ω Resistor 1
Breadboard 1
Breadboard cable 5

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void setup()

{
pinMode(8,OUTPUT); // sets digital PIN 8 to „output“

}
void loop()
{

int i; // denes variable i
while(1)
{
i=analogRead(5); // reads the voltage value on analog PIN 5
if(i>512) // if higher then 512 (= 2.5V)
{
digitalWrite(8,LOW); // turn on LED
}
else // otherwise
{
digitalWrite(8,HIGH); // turn o LED
}
}
}

Wird das Breadboard bis zu einem besmmten Grad geneigt, so schaltet sich die LED ein.
Falls es keine Neigung gibt, bleibt die LED aus.

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5.14 Project 14: 1-digit LED segment display

The LED segment displays are very common displays for numeric informaons.
They are oen used in electric ovens, washing machines, water-temperature
displays and electric clocks.

The LED segment display is a semi-conductor and a light eming devie.
Its base-unit is a LED:
The segment display can be devided in a 7-segement and a 8-segment display.
The 8-segment display contains one more LED-unit (for the decimal dot).

Depending on the wiring, the displays can also be devided in displays with common anode and common
cathode.
The display with common anode combines every anodes to one common anode (COM).
If you are using a display with a common anode, the common anode (COM) has to be connected to +5V.
If the cathode-level of a segment is low, the segment is acvated.
If you are using a display with a common cathode, the common cathode (COM) has to be connected to
GND.

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Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1

8-Segment display 1
220Ω Resistor 8

Breadboard 1
Breadboard cabel 12

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 40

// sets the IO PIN for every segment

int a=7; // digital PIN 7 for segment a
int b=6; // digital PIN 6 for segment b
int c=5; // digital PIN 5 for segment c
int d=10; // digital PIN 10 for segment d
int e=11; // digital PIN 11 for segment e
int f=8; // digital PIN 8 for segment f
int g=9; // digital PIN 9 for segment g
int dp=4; // digital PIN 4 for segment dp
void digital_0(void) // displays number 5

{
unsigned char j;
digitalWrite(a,HIGH);
digitalWrite(b,HIGH);
digitalWrite(c,HIGH);
digitalWrite(d,HIGH);
digitalWrite(e,HIGH);
digitalWrite(f,HIGH);
digitalWrite(g,LOW);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);

}
void digital_1(void) // displays number 1
{

unsigned char j;
digitalWrite(c,HIGH); // sets level for PIN 5 to “high”
digitalWrite(b,HIGH); // turns off segment b
for(j=7;j<=11;j++) // turns off other segments
digitalWrite(j,LOW);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW); // turns off segment dp
}

void digital_2(void) // displays number 2
{

unsigned char j;
digitalWrite(b,HIGH);
digitalWrite(a,HIGH);
for(j=9;j<=11;j++)
digitalWrite(j,HIGH);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);
digitalWrite(c,LOW);
digitalWrite(f,LOW);
}

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 41

void digital_3(void) // displays number 3
{ digitalWrite(g,HIGH);

digitalWrite(a,HIGH);
digitalWrite(b,HIGH);
digitalWrite(c,HIGH);
digitalWrite(d,HIGH);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);
digitalWrite(f,LOW);
digitalWrite(e,LOW);

}
void digital_4(void) // displays number 4
{ digitalWrite(c,HIGH);

digitalWrite(b,HIGH);
digitalWrite(f,HIGH);
digitalWrite(g,HIGH);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);
digitalWrite(a,LOW);
digitalWrite(e,LOW);
digitalWrite(d,LOW);

}
void digital_5(void) // displays number 5
{

unsigned char j;
digitalWrite(a,HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c,HIGH);
digitalWrite(d,HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f,HIGH);
digitalWrite(g,HIGH);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);

}
void digital_6(void) // displays number 6
{

unsigned char j;
for(j=7;j<=11;j++)
digitalWrite(j,HIGH);
digitalWrite(c,HIGH);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);
digitalWrite(b,LOW);

}
void digital_7(void) // displays number 7
{

unsigned char j;
for(j=5;j<=7;j++)
digitalWrite(j,HIGH);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);
for(j=8;j<=11;j++)
digitalWrite(j,LOW);
}

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 42

void digital_8(void) // displays number 8
{

unsigned char j;
for(j=5;j<=11;j++)
digitalWrite(j,HIGH);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);

}
void digital_9(void) // displays number 9
{

unsigned char j;
digitalWrite(a,HIGH);
digitalWrite(b,HIGH);
digitalWrite(c,HIGH);
digitalWrite(d,HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f,HIGH);
digitalWrite(g,HIGH);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);

}
void setup()
{

int i; // declares a Variable
for(i=4;i<=11;i++)
pinMode(i,OUTPUT); // sets PIN 4-11 to “output“

}
void loop()
{

while(1)
{
digital_0(); // displays number 0
delay(1000); // waits a second
digital_1(); // displays number 1
delay(1000); // waits a second
digital_2(); // displays number 2
delay(1000); // waits a second
digital_3(); // displays number 3
delay(1000); // waits a second
digital_4(); // displays number 4
delay(1000); // waits a second
digital_5(); // displays number 5
delay(1000); // waits a second
digital_6(); // displays number 6
delay(1000); // waits a second
digital_7(); // displays number 7
delay(1000); // waits a second
digital_8(); // displays number 8
delay(1000); // waits a second
digital_9(); // displays number 9
delay(1000); // waits a second
}
}

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 43

5.15 Project 15: 4-digit LED segment display

In this project we will use a 4-digit 7-segment LED display.
Current liming resistors are essenal for LED displays.

There are two ways of wiring the resistors.
You can either connect one resistor to every anode (4 resistors connected to
anode d1-d4) or you can connect one resistor to every PIN.
The rst way is needing less resistors but can not keep a constant display
brightness.

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1

4 digit 7-segment display 1
220Ω Resistor 8

Breadboard 1
Breadboard cable 12

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 44

// PIN for anode

int a = 1;
int b = 2;
int c = 3;
int d = 4;
int e = 5;
int f = 6;
int g = 7;
int dp = 8;

// PIN for cathode

int d4 = 9;
int d3 = 10;
int d2 = 11;
int d1 = 12;

// sets variable

long n = 1230;
int x = 100;
int del = 55;

void setup()
{

pinMode(d1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(a, OUTPUT);
pinMode(b, OUTPUT);
pinMode(c, OUTPUT);
pinMode(d, OUTPUT);
pinMode(e, OUTPUT);
pinMode(f, OUTPUT);
pinMode(g, OUTPUT);
pinMode(dp, OUTPUT);

}
void loop()
{

Display(1, 1);
Display(2, 2);
Display(3, 3);
Display(4, 4);

}

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 45

void WeiXuan(unsigned char n)//
{

switch(n)
{

case 1:
digitalWrite(d1,LOW);
digitalWrite(d2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d4, HIGH);
break;
case 2:
digitalWrite(d1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d2, LOW);
digitalWrite(d3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d4, HIGH);
break;
case 3:
digitalWrite(d1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(d2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d3, LOW);
digitalWrite(d4, HIGH);
break;
case 4:
digitalWrite(d1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d4, LOW);
break;

default :
digitalWrite(d1, HIGH);

digitalWrite(d2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d4, HIGH);
break;
}

}
void Num_0()
{

digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);

digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);

}

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 46

void Num_1()
{

digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);

}
void Num_2()
{

digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);

}
void Num_3()
{

digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);

}
void Num_4()
{

digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);
}

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 47

void Num_5()
{

digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);

}
void Num_6()
{

digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);

}
void Num_7()
{

digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);

}
void Num_8()
{

digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);
}

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 48

void Num_9()
{

digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);
}

void Clear() // clears screen
{

digitalWrite(a, LOW);
digitalWrite(b, LOW);
digitalWrite(c, LOW);
digitalWrite(d, LOW);
digitalWrite(e, LOW);
digitalWrite(f, LOW);
digitalWrite(g, LOW);
digitalWrite(dp,LOW);

}
void pickNumber(unsigned char n) // pics number
{

switch(n)
{
case 0:Num_0();
break;
case 1:Num_1();
break;
case 2:Num_2();
break;
case 3:Num_3();
break;
case 4:Num_4();
break;
case 5:Num_5();
break;
case 6:Num_6();
break;
case 7:Num_7();
break;
case 8:Num_8();
break;
case 9:Num_9();
break;
default:Clear();
break;
}
}

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 49

void Display(unsigned char x, unsigned char Number)
{

WeiXuan(x);
pickNumber(Number);

delay(1);
Clear() ; // clears screen

}

If the code above is fully transfered to the Mega2560, the display is showing
“1234“.

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 50

5.16 Project 16: LM35 Temperature-sensor

The LM35 is an easy to use temperature sensor.
You don‘t need any other hardware.
The only diculty is in wring the code which is calculang the readed
analog values into celsius temperatures.

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1
LM35 1
Breadboard 1
Breadboard cable 5

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 51

int potPin = 0; // initialises port A0 for sensor

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // sets baudrate to “9600“
}
void loop()
{

int val; // defines variable
int dat; // defines variable
val=analogRead(0); // reads analog value from sensor
dat=(125*val)>>8; // temperature-calculation
Serial.print("Temp:"); // output starts with “Temp:“
Serial.print(dat); // prints “dat“-value
Serial.println(" C"); // prints letter „C“
delay(500); // waits 0,5 seconds
}

You can now monitor the temperature in the serial monitor.

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 52

5.17 Project 17: 74HC595

The 74HC595 is a combinaon of a 8-digit shi register, ag and equipped
with a tri-state output.
We will use the 74HC595 to operate 8 LEDs in a resource-saving way.
The needed I/O ports are reduced from 8 to 3 ports

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1

74HC595 Chip 1

Red M5 LED 4
Green M5 LED 4

220Ω Resistor 8

Breadboard 1
Breadboard cable 37

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 53

int data = 2; // sets PIN 14 of the 74HC595 to datainput
int clock = 5; // sets PIN 11 of the 74HC595 to clock PIN
int latch = 4; // sets PIN 12 of the 74HC595 to output
int ledState = 0;
const int ON = HIGH;
const int OFF = LOW;
void setup()
{

pinMode(data, OUTPUT);
pinMode(clock, OUTPUT);
pinMode(latch, OUTPUT);

}
void loop()
{

for(int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
{
updateLEDs(i);
delay(500);
}

}
void updateLEDs(int value)
{

digitalWrite(latch, LOW);
shiftOut(data, clock, MSBFIRST, ~value);
digitalWrite(latch, HIGH); // lock
}

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 54

5.18 Project 18: RGB LED

This diode is controlled by PWM signals and contains a three-coloured system to
display colors.
The component can be connected directly to the ports of the Mega2560.

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 55

int redpin = 11; // selects PIN for red LED
int bluepin =10; // selects PIN for blue LED
int greenpin =9; // selects PIN for green LED

int val;

void setup() {

pinMode(redpin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(bluepin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(greenpin, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop()
{

for(val=255; val>0; val--)
{
analogWrite(11, val);
analogWrite(10, 255-val);
analogWrite(9, 128-val);
delay(1);
}
for(val=0; val<255; val++)
{
analogWrite(11, val);
analogWrite(10, 255-val);
analogWrite(9, 128-val);
delay(1);
}
Serial.println(val, DEC);
}

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 56

5.19 Project 19: Infrared remote-control

The IR-receiver converts the incoming light-signal into a low electric signal.
To decode the remote-controls code it is necessary to know the coding method.
The NEC-protocol is being used in this project.

Hardware Amount

Mega2560 board 1
USB cable 1
Infrared-receiver 1
Infrared remote-control 1
Red M5 LED 6

220Ω Resistor 6

Breadboard 1
Breadboard cable 11

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 57

Before transfering the code to the Mega2560, please install the IRremote library from the Arduino
Library Manager.
Otherwise the project is not going to work.

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 58

#include <IRremote.h>

int RECV_PIN = 11;
int LED1 = 2;
int LED2 = 3;
int LED3 = 4;
int LED4 = 5;
int LED5 = 6;
int LED6 = 7;
long on1 = 0x00FFA25D;
long off1 = 0x00FFE01F;
long on2 = 0x00FF629D;
long off2 = 0x00FFA857;
long on3 = 0x00FFE21D;
long off3 = 0x00FF906F;
long on4 = 0x00FF22DD;
long off4 = 0x00FF6897;
long on5 = 0x00FF02FD;
long off5 = 0x00FF9867;
long on6 = 0x00FFC23D;
long off6 = 0x00FFB047;
IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);
decode_results results;

void dump(decode_results *results) {

int count = results->rawlen;
if (results->decode_type == UNKNOWN)
{
Serial.println("Could not decode message");
}
else
{
if (results->decode_type == NEC)
{
Serial.print("Decoded NEC: ");
} else if (results->decode_type == SONY)
{
Serial.print("Decoded SONY: ");
}
else if (results->decode_type == RC5)
{
Serial.print("Decoded RC5: ");
}
else if (results->decode_type == RC6)
{
Serial.print("Decoded RC6: ");
}

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 59

Serial.print(results->value, HEX);

Serial.print(" (");
Serial.print(results->bits, DEC);
Serial.println(" bits)");
}
Serial.print("Raw (");
Serial.print(count, DEC);
Serial.print("): ");

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
if ((i % 2) == 1) {
Serial.print(results->rawbuf[i]*USECPERTICK, DEC);
}
else
{
Serial.print(-(int)results->rawbuf[i]*USECPERTICK, DEC);
}
Serial.print(" ");
}
Serial.println("");
}

void setup()

{
pinMode(RECV_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(LED1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED5, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED6, OUTPUT);
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);

irrecv.enableIRIn(); // Start the receiver
}

int on = 0;
unsigned long last = millis();

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 60

void loop()

{
if (irrecv.decode(&results))
{

if (millis() - last > 250)
{
on = !on;
// digitalWrite(8, on ? HIGH : LOW);
digitalWrite(13, on ? HIGH : LOW);
dump(&results);
}
if (results.value == on1 )
digitalWrite(LED1, HIGH);
if (results.value == off1 )
digitalWrite(LED1, LOW);
if (results.value == on2 )
digitalWrite(LED2, HIGH);
if (results.value == off2 )
digitalWrite(LED2, LOW);
if (results.value == on3 )
digitalWrite(LED3, HIGH);
if (results.value == off3 )
digitalWrite(LED3, LOW);
if (results.value == on4 )
digitalWrite(LED4, HIGH);
if (results.value == off4 )
digitalWrite(LED4, LOW);
if (results.value == on5 )
digitalWrite(LED5, HIGH);
if (results.value == off5 )
digitalWrite(LED5, LOW);
if (results.value == on6 )
digitalWrite(LED6, HIGH);
if (results.value == off6 )
digitalWrite(LED6, LOW);
last = millis();
irrecv.resume();
}
}

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 61

5.20 Project 20: 8x8 LED Matrix

A 8x8 LED matrix contains 64 LEDs.
Every single LED is placed in the intersecon of row and
column.
The LED will light up If the level of the row is 1 and the level
of the column is 0.

For example:
If you want to turn on the rst LED, you have to turn PIN 9
to HIGH and PIN 13 to LOW.

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 62

// setting up array to save the letters of 0

unsigned char Text[]={0x00,0x1c,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x1c};
void Draw_point(unsigned char x,unsigned char y)

// show-dot function
{
clear_();
digitalWrite(x+2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(y+10, LOW);
delay(1);
}

void show_num(void) // Show-function calls show-dot function

{
unsigned char i,j,data;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
data=Text[i];
for(j=0;j<8;j++)
{
if(data & 0x01)Draw_point(j,i);
data>>=1;
}
}
}

void setup(){
int i = 0 ;
for(i=2;i<18;i++)

{
pinMode(i, OUTPUT);
}
clear_();
}

void loop()

{
show_num();
}

void clear_(void) // clears screen

{
for(int i=2;i<10;i++)
digitalWrite(i, LOW);
for(int i=0;i<8;i++)
digitalWrite(i+10, HIGH);
}

Ausgabe 19.05.2017 Copyright by Joy-IT 63