JOY-IT ARD MEGA2560 KIT User guide

MEGA2560

Microcontroller Learning - Kit

www.joy-it.net

Pascalstr. 8 47506 Neukirchen-Vluyn

ME

1. TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Table of content

2. General information

3. Soware installation

4. Resistors

5. Lessons

1. Lesson : Hello World

2. Lesson : Flashing LED

3. Lesson : PWM light control

4. Lesson : Traic light

5. Lesson : LED hunting eect

6. Lesson : Key-controlled LED

7. Lesson : Responder experiment

8. Lesson : Active buzzer

9. Lesson : Passive buzzer

10. Lesson : Reading the analog value

11. Lesson : Photo resistor

12. Lesson : Flame sensor

13. Lesson : Tilt sensor

14. Lesson : 1-digit LED segment display

15. Lesson : 4-digits LED segment display

16. Lesson : LM35 temperature sensor

17. Lesson : 74HC595 shi register

18. Lesson : RGB LED

19. Lesson : Infrared remote control

20. Lesson : 8x8 LED Matrix

6. Other information

7. Support

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1. GENERAL INFORMATION

Dear customer,

Thank you very much for choosing our product. In the following, we will
show you what has to be observed during commissioning and use.

Should you encounter any unexpected problems during use, please feel
free to contact us.

Technical data

Our board is a high-quality replica and compatible to the Arduino Mega
2560 but it is explicitly not an original Arduino.
The Mega 2560 is the right microcontroller board for those who want to

get into the programming world quickly and easily as possible. This set

guides you through a variety of projects. Its ATMega2560 microcontroller
oers you enough power for your ideas and projects. It measures 101.52 x

53.3 mm and has with 54 digital inputs and outputs and 16 analog inputs
many possibilities to connect.

Model ard_Mega2560R3

Microcontroller ATMega2560

Input voltage 7 - 12 V

Maximum input voltage 6 - 20 V

Digital IO 54 (14 with PWM)

Analog IO 16

DC current IO 40 mA

DC current 3,3 V 50 mA

Memory 256 kB (8 kB for Bootloader)

SRAM 8 kB

EEPROM 4 kB

Clock Speed 16 MHz

Dimensions 101.52 x 53.3 mm

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Pin assignment

Voltage regulator

USB-B-Port

ICSP for USB

AREF

GND

PWM
Interface

TXO

RXO

Communication
interface

Digital

I/O Pins

Analog
Inputs

Power supply

Reset

IOREF

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3. SOFTWARE INSTALLATION

In order to start programming the Joy-IT ard_Mega2560R3, a develop-

ment environment and the drivers for the corresponding operating sys­tem must first be installed on the computer.

The Arduino IDE (which you can download here), which is available as an
OpenSource soware under the GPLv2 and published by the Arduino
manufacturer. It is aimed at beginners from concept and structure. It is
fully compatible with the Joy-IT ard_Mega2560R3 and contains the pro­gramming environment as well as the necessary drivers to get started
right away.

Aer installing the soware, the corresponding microcontroller board
must be set up in the programming environment. To do this, follow the
following two steps:

1. Under

Tools → Board

muss

Arduino/Genuino Mega or Mega 2560

must be selected.

2. Under

Tools → Port

then select the port which is marked with

Arduino/Genuino Mega or Mega 2560

.

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4. RESISTORS

In this set there are three dierent resistors 220 Ω, 1 kΩ and 10 kΩ. On re-

sistors there is a colour coding which can be used to calculate or detect
the resistance if it cannot be measured with a multimeter.
In this chapter you will learn how to calculate this resistance in order to
better perform the following lessons, because you need to be able to
identify the dierent resistances in order to correctly reproduce the set­ups.

First you have to measure the number of rings on the resistor, because
resistors can have four or five rings. In this set, the resistors have 5 rings,
which give you a more accurate indication of the resistance value than
with 4 rings.
Now you have to determine which ring is the first one. This first ring can
be identified by the fact that it is further away from the end of the body
than the last ring.

You can now calculate the resistance value with a formula. If there are 5

rings, the first 3 rings serve as resistance counters and the fourth as
multiplier, which calculates the total resistance value. The fih ring is the
tolerance ring, which calculates the deviation of resistance value. With
four rings, the third ring is omitted as a resistance counter and then
serves as a multiplier. The fourth ring is then the tolerance ring.

The rings have a specific colour code, where each colour has a
has a certain value. In the following, you see the colour table for 5 rings:

1. Ring 2.Ring 3. Ring 4. Ring

(Multiplier)

5. Ring

(Tolerance)

Ring colour

Black 0 0 0 - -

Brown 1 1 1 x 10 1 %

Red 2 2 2 x 100 2%

Orange 3 3 3 x 1.000 -

Yellow 4 4 4 x 10.000 -

Green 5 5 5 x 100.000 0,5 %

Blue 6 6 6 x 1.000.000 0,25 %

Purple 7 7 7 x 10.000.000 0,1 %

Grey 8 8 8 - -

White 9 9 9 - -

Gold - - - x 0,1 5 %

Silver - - - x 0,01 10 %

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If we now look at our resistances, we cann quickly calculate their value.
Let's start with the 220 Ω resistance

1. Ring:
Red : 2

2. Ring:
Red : 2

3. Ring:
Black : 0

4. Ring (Multiplier):
Black : -

5. Ring (Tolerance):
Brown : 1 %

Due to the fact that the multiplier has no value, the resistance can be
determined on 220 Ω with a tolerance of 1%, which this resistance can
vary.

1. Ring:

Brown: 1

2. Ring:
Black : 0

3. Ring:
Black : 0

4. Ring (Multiplier):
Brown: x 10

5. Ring (Tolerance):
Brown: 1 %

The first three rings give the first value of 100, which is calculated by
means of the multiplier (x 10) to the resistance value of 1000 Ω. This can
also be converted to 1 kΩ. So this has resistor a resistance value of 1 kΩ
with a tolerance of 1 %.

1. Ring:
Brown: 1

2. Ring:
Black : 0

3. Ring:
Black : 0

4. Ring (Multiplier):
Red : x 100

5. Ring (Tolerance):
Brown: 1 %

The first three rings result again in the first value of 100. By means of the
multiplier of x 100 the resistance value of 10.000 Ω is obtained, which can
be converted into 10 kΩ. Also this resistor has again a tolerance of 1 %.

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5. LESSONS

Lesson 1 : Hello world

We start with something simple. For this project you only need the board
and a USB cable to start the lesson. This is a communication test for your
Mega2560 and your PC, and a basic project for your first try in the
Arduino world!

Once the installation of the drivers is complete, open the Arduino
soware and write a code that will allow the Mega2560 to display

Hel-

lo World!

under your instructions. Of course, you can also write a code

that will allow the Mega2560 to display

Hello World!

repeatedly with-

out prompting. A simple

if()

statement will do this. We can instruct the
LED on pin 13 to blink first and then display Hello World! aer the Ar­duino gets the command to do so.

int val; // defines the variable “Val”
int ledpin=13; // defines the digital interface 13

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);
// sets the baudrate to 9600 to fit the software configuration

pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT); // sets the digital pin 13 to output

}

void loop() {

val=Serial.read();
if(val=='R') { // checks if the character is a R.
// if so:

digitalWrite(ledpin,HIGH); // turns on LED
delay(500);

digitalWrite(ledpin,LOW); // turns off LED

delay(500);

Serial.println("Hello World!"); // Shows „Hello World!”.

}

}

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Click on the serial monitor and add R , then the LED on the board will
light up and your PC will receive the information

Hello World!

from the

Arduino.

Lesson 2: Flashing LED

In the Hello World! program we have already encountered the LED. This
time we will connect an LED with one of the digital pins. The following
parts are needed:

Mega2560 board

1x

USB cable

1x

Red M5 LED

1x

220 Ω resistor

1x

Breadboard

1x

Jumper cable

2x

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We follow the following wiring diagram. Here we use the digital pin 10.
We connect the LED with a 220 Ω resistor to avoid damage due to

excessive current.

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int ledPin = 10; // defines Digital Pin 10.

void setup() {

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // defines pin to output
}

void loop() {

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // turns on led

delay(1000); // waits a second
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // turns off led
delay(1000); // waits a second

}

Aer uploading the program you will se the LED which is connected to pin
10 , light up every second.

Lesson 3: PWM light control

PWM (short for Pulse Width Modulation) is a technique used to encode
analog signal levels into digital ones. A computer is not capable of out­putting analog voltage. It can only output digital voltage with values like
0 V or 5 V. Therefore a high resolution counter is used to output a specific
analog signal level by encoding the utilization level by modulating PWM .

The PWM signal is also digitized, because to each time the power supply

is either 5 V (on) or 0 V (o).

The voltage or current is supplied to the analog load (the device that con­sumes the energy) by repeated pulse sequences, by constantly switching
between the on and o states. The value of the output voltage is deter­mined by the on and o states.

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There are many applications for PWM: regulation of lamp brightness, re­gulation of motor speed, etc. .

These are the three basic parameters of PWM:

Mega2560 board

1x

USB cable

1x

Red M5 LED

1x

220 Ω resistor

1x

Breadboard

1x

Jumper cable

6x

1x

Potentiometer

1. The amplitude of the pulse width

(minimum / maximum)

2. The pulse period

(The mutual pulse rate in one second)

3. The voltage level

(like: 0 - 5 V)

There are 6 PWM interfaces on the Mega2560: digital pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10 and

11.

In previous experiments we have got to know the key-controlled LED,
where we used a digital signal to generate a digital pin.
Now we will use a potentiometer to control the brightness of the LED. We
need for this:

Height

Width

Cycle

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The input of the potentiometer is analog, so we connect it to the analog
port. We connect the LED to the PWM port. A other PWM signal can

regulate the brightness of the LED.

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In this experiment we will read the analog value of the potentiometer and
assign the value to the PWM port, so that a corresponding change in the

brightness of the LED can be observed. We will also display the analog

value on the screen.

int potpin = 0; // Initialises analog Pin 0
int ledpin = 11; // Initialises digital Pin 11 (PWM Output)

int val = 0; // Saves the Sensors Value

void setup() {

pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT); // defines digital Pin 11 to „Output“

Serial.begin(9600); // Sets Baudrate to 9600

}

void loop() {

val = analogRead(potpin);
// reads the Analog-Value of the sensor and assigns it to „Val“

Serial.println(val); // shows the value of „Val“

analogWrite(ledpin,val/4);

// turns on the LED and sets the brightness (Max. Value: 255)

delay(10); // Waits 0,01 Seconds

}

Aer transmission of the program and when moving the potentiometer,
we can observe changes in the displayed values. We can also see an
obvious change in LED brightness.

Lesson 4: Traic lights

In the previous program we did the flashing LED experiment with only
one LED. Now it is time to do a more complicated experiment: Traic
lights.
Actually these two experiments are very similar. In this experiment we
will use 3 LEDs with dierent colors, while in the last one only one LED
was used. We need for this:

1x

Mega2560 board

1x

USB cable

1x

Red M5 LED

1x

Yellow M5 LED

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1x

Green M5 LED

3x

220 Ω resistor

1x

Breadboard

4x

Jumper cable

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Since this is a situation of traic lights, the lighting time of each
individual LED should be exactly the same as in a real traic light. In this

program we will use the Arduino delay function to control the delay time.

int redled =10; // Initialises digital Pin 8
int yellowled =7; // Initialises digital Pin 7
int greenled =4; // Initialises digital Pin 4

void setup() {

pinMode(redled, OUTPUT); // Sets Pin with red LED to „Output“

pinMode(yellowled, OUTPUT);// Sets Pin with yellow to „Output“
pinMode(greenled, OUTPUT);// Sets Pin with green LED to „Output“

}

void loop() {

digitalWrite(greenled, HIGH); // turns on green leed

delay(5000); // Waits 5 Seconds
digitalWrite(greenled, LOW); // turns off green LED
for(int i=0;i<3;i++) { // flashes 3x

delay(500);
digitalWrite(yellowled, HIGH); // turns on the yellow LED

delay(500);

digitalWrite(yellowled, LOW); // turns on the yellow LED

}

delay(500);
digitalWrite(redled, HIGH); // turns on the red LED

delay(5000);

digitalWrite(redled, LOW); // turns on the red LED
}

Once the file has been uploaded, the traic lights are visible. The green
light will stay on for 5 seconds and then turn o. Then the yellow light will
flash 3 times and then the red light for 5 seconds, so that a circuit is for-

med.

Lesson 5: LED hunting eect

We oen see billboards, which are equipped with coloured LEDs. These
change constantly to create dierent eects. In this experiment, a pro­gram is created which simulates the LED hunting eect. This is needed:

1x

Mega2560 board

1x

USB cable

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6x

M5 LED

6x

220 Ω resistor

1x

Breadboard

13x

Jumper cable

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int BASE = 2 ; // The I/O pin for the first LED
int NUM = 6; // Amount of LEDs

void setup() {

for (int i = BASE; i < (BASE + NUM); i ++) {
pinMode(i, OUTPUT); // Set I/O pins as output

}

}

void loop() {

for (int i = BASE; i < (BASE + NUM); i ++){
digitalWrite(i, LOW); // Sets I/O pins to "low"

// switches on the LEDs one after the other
delay(200); // delay
}

for (int i = BASE; i < (BASE + NUM); i ++) {
digitalWrite(i, HIGH); // Sets I/O pins to "high"

// switches off the LEDs one after the other
delay(200); // delay
}

}

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Lesson 6: Key-controlled LED

I/O-Port is an interface, which can be used as input and output. So far,

we've only used it as the output. In this experiment we will try to use the

input to read the output value of the connected device. We will use a key
as input and a LED as output to get a better understanding of the I/O
functions.Key switches, which many people probably know, have a
switching value (digital value). When the switch is pressed, the circuit
closes and is in a conducting state.
For this we need:

1x

Mega2560 board

1x

USB cable

1x

Red M5 LED

1x

220 Ω resistor

1x

10 kΩ resistor

1x

Key switch

1x

Breadboard

6x

Jumper cable