VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers
Applications
The VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 programmable digital
controllers are designed for Variable Air Volume
(VAV) applications that communicate through the
BACnet® MS/TP or N2 protocol. These Variable
Air Volume Modular Assembly (VMA) controllers
feature combinations of an integral digital pressure
sensor (DPT), a damper actuator, and a 32-bit
microprocessor. The VMA1626 has an actuator
but does not contain a DPT. The VMA1628 model
has a DPT but does not contain an actuator. The
controllers' small package size facilitates quick
field installation and efficient use of space without
compromising high-tech control performance. These
VMA controllers connect easily to the wired and
wireless network sensors for zone and discharge air
temperature sensing.
Switchable Communications protocols
Installation Guide
Part No. 24-10143-217 Rev. K
2019-10-18
• must be programmed with CCT, which has similar,
but not identical programming capabilities as
HVACPro, GX9100, GPL, and other legacy tools
• support SA Bus devices
• support WRZ wireless sensors from the controller
using the WRZ-7860 receiver (most models)
• are available in Buy American versions (most
models)
The N2-capable FEC family controllers:
• do not support Zone Bus (for example, TMZ
sensors and M100 actuators) or XT-Bus (System
91) devices (for example, XT, XTM, and XP
modules)
• do not support a wireless connection to the N2
bus
• do not support NxE passthrough
The Metasys® system Field Equipment Controller
(FEC) family controllers and network sensors
communicate using the standard BACnet® protocol,
based on the ANSI/ASHRAE 135-2008. The BACnet
protocol is a standard for ANSI, ASHRAE, and the
International Standards Organization (ISO) for
building controls.
VMA16, VMA18 controllers are BTL-listed as BACnet
Application Specific Controllers (B-ASCs).
The Controller Configuration Tool (CCT) can be used
to switch the Field Bus communications protocol in
supported FEC, FAC, and VMA controllers to be either
the standard BACnet MS/TP or the N2 protocol. All
new controllers use either BACnet MS/TP as the
default communications protocol, or BACnet/IP.
Switchable communications protocols in the MS/
TP models provide a cost-effective upgrade and
modernization path for customers with existing N2
controllers.
The N2-capable FEC Family Controllers can be used
as functional replacements for legacy N2 controllers.
The N2-capable FEC Family Controllers:
• have the input and output (I/O) quantities and
characteristics of the FEC Family Controllers
North American Emissions Compliance
United States
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC
Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference when this equipment is operated
in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses,
and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. Operation
of this equipment in a residential area may cause harmful
interference, in which case the users will be required to correct
the interference at their own expense.
Canada
This Class (A) digital apparatus meets all the requirements of the
Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la Classe (A) respecte toutes les
exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.
*2410143217K*
(barcode for factory use only)
MS-VMA1615,MS-VMA1626,MS-VMA
1628,MS-VMA1630
Installation
Observe the following guidelines when installing a
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 controller:
• Transport the controller in the original container
to minimize vibration and shock damage to the
controller.
• Do not drop the controller or subject it to physical
shock.
• Small, straight-blade screwdriver for securing
wires in the terminal blocks
• 8 mm (5/16 in.) wrench or 10 mm (3/8 in.) 12-point
socket to tighten the square coupler bolt
• Several shims or washers to mount the VMA
• Power screwdriver, 100 mm (4 in.) extension
socket, punch, drill, and 3.5 mm (9/64 in.) drill bits
to mount the VMA
Parts included
• One VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 controller with
removable SA bus and power terminal blocks
• One installation instructions sheet
• One self-drilling No. 10 x 25 mm (1 in.) screw
• The VMA1628 model includes a 1.25 inch extended
length screw.
Materials and special tools needed
• Several 6 mm (1/4 in.) female spade terminals for
input and output wiring, and crimping tool for
spade mounted terminal blocks
• Pliers to open and close the damper
• Required length of 3.97 mm (5/32 in.) ID
pneumatic tubing and barbed fittings
Physical features
The following figure displays the physical features
of a VMA, and the accompanying table provides a
description of the physical features and a reference
to further information where required.
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide2
Figure 1: VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 Controller wiring terminations and physical features (VMA1630-1
Model shown)
Table 1: VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 Feature Callout
Numbers and Descriptions
Physical Features: Description and References
1
2
3
4
5 Dual Port Fitting (see Figure 1)
6
7
8
24 VAC, Class 2 Supply Power Terminal Block (see Supply
power terminal block)
Device Address DIP Switch Block (see Setting the device
address)
Binary Outputs, 24 VAC Triacs (see Communication bus
and supply power table)
Configurable Outputs: Voltage Analog Output (0–10
VDC) and Binary Output (24 VAC Triac) (VMA1630, 1626,
and 1628 only)
(see Communication bus and supply power table)
Manual Override Button (see Mounting for information
on using manual override Button)
Controller Coupler (see Mounting for information on
using the controller coupler)
Coupler Bolt (see Mounting for information on setting
the coupler bolt)
Table 1: VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 Feature Callout
Numbers and Descriptions
Physical Features: Description and References
Universal Input: Voltage Analog Input (0–10 VDC)
Resistive Analog Inputs (0–600k ohm)
0–2k Potentiometer
9
10
11 EOL (End-of-Line) Switch (see Setting the EOL switch)
12 SA Bus Terminal Block
13
14
15 Captive Spacer and Screw (see Figure 1)
16 LED Status Indicators (see Table 8)
RTD: 1k Nickel, 1k Platinum, or A99B SI
NTC: 10K Type L (10K Johnson Controls Type II is
equivalent to Type L) or 2.252K Type II
Dry Contact Binary Input
FC Bus Terminal Block. May also be used for N2
connections. (see FC bus terminal block (Or N2 protocol
as required))
Modular Port (FC Bus) RJ-12 6-Pin Modular Jack (see
Modular ports)
Modular Port (SA Bus) RJ-12 6-Pin Modular Jack (see
Modular ports)
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide 3
Mounting
Observe the following guidelines when mounting a
VMA:
Note: When the air supply to the VAV box
is below 10°C (50°F), make sure that any
condensation on the VAV box, particularly on
the damper shaft, does not enter the VMA
• Ensure that the mounting surface can support
the controller and any user-supplied enclosure.
electronics. Mount the controller vertically above
the damper shaft to allow any shaft condensation
to fall away from the controller. Additional
measures may be required in some installations.
• Mount the controller on a hard, even surface
whenever possible.
• Use shims or washers to mount the controller
securely and evenly on the mounting surface.
• Mount the controller in an area free of corrosive
vapors that matches the ambient conditions
specified in the Technical specifications section.
• Provide sufficient space around the controller
for cable and wire connections and adequate
ventilation through the controller (at least 50 mm
[2 in.] on the top, bottom, sides, and front of the
controllers).
• electronics. Mount the controller vertically above
the damper shaft to allow anyDo not mount
the controller in areas where electromagnetic
emissions from other devices or wiring can
interfere with controller communication.
• Avoid mounting the controller on surfaces with
excessive vibration.
• When using the VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 to
replace a VMA1610 or VMA1620 controller, plug
the unused open hole in the duct work from the
original VMA mounting if possible. Plug the hole
using the sheet metal screw from the original
installation (preferred option).
On panel or enclosure mount applications, observe
these additional guidelines:
• Do not install the controller in an airtight
enclosure.
• Mount the controller so that the power
transformer and other devices do not radiate
excessive heat to the controller.
To mount the controllers, complete the following
steps:
1. Set all the switches on the field controller to
their known settings.
2. Place the controller in the proper mounting
position on the damper shaft so that the wiring
connections are easily accessible. Make sure
the controller base is parallel to the VAV box
(perpendicular to the damper shaft). If needed,
use a spacer to offset tipping of the controller
caused by the shaft bushings.
Note: Use the alignment marks to center
the captive spacer to ensure sufficient
movement in either direction.
3. Secure the self-drilling No. 10 screw through
the captive spacer (Figure 1) with a power
screwdriver and 100 mm (4 in.) extension
socket. Otherwise, use a punch to mark the
position of the shoulder washer, and then drill a
hole into the VAV box using a 3.5 mm (9/64 in.)
drill bit. Insert the mounting screw and tighten
against the spacer. For the VMA1628 models,
use the additional 1.25 inch screw to mount to
one of the two holes provided near the actuator
opening (see Figure 1) to mount the controller.
Important: Do not overtighten the screw,
or the threads may strip. If mounting to
the VAV box, make sure the screws do not
interfere with damper blade movement.
4. Locate the damper position using the typical
marking on the end of the damper shaft as
shown in the following figure.
Figure 2: Typical Damper End Shaft Icons
• Mount the controller so that the enclosure walls
do not obstruct cover removal or ventilation
through the controller.
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide4
5. Note the direction, clockwise (CW) or
counterclockwise (CCW), required to close the
damper. Grasp the damper shaft firmly with
pliers, and either manually close the damper for
90° boxes or manually open the damper for 45°
or 60° boxes.
6. Push down and hold the Manual Override
button (see Physical features) and turn
the controller coupler until it contacts the
mechanical end-stop at either the full-closed
(90° boxes) or full-open (45° and 60° boxes)
position.
7. If the damper for a 90° box closes CCW, rotate
the coupler to the CCW mechanical limit. If
the damper for a 90° box closes CW, rotate
the coupler to the CW mechanical limit. The
open end-stop is automatically set for 90°
boxes. For 45° and 60° boxes, hard stops must
be provided at both full-closed and full-open
damper positions. By installing the controller at
the full-open position, the controller provides
the open stop for 45° and 60° boxes. The closed
damper seal provides the full-closed stop.
Note: The integrated actuator has a
stroke time of 60 seconds for 90° of travel.
The stroke time is the amount of time
(in seconds) that it takes the actuator
to move from the fully closed to fully
opened position or from fully open to fully
closed position. For proper operation, the
actuator stroke time must be configured
in the CCT application based on the actual
time it takes the actuator to drive the
damper. The default setting is 60 seconds
(for 90° VAV boxes). For 45° and 60° VAV
boxes, the actuator stroke time must be
adjusted. Refer to Controller Tool Help
(LIT-12011147) for instructions on setting
the actuator stroke time in the application.
8. All models are compact in size and can be
easily installed on VAV boxes. The models have
either a round shaft up to 13 mm in diameter
or a 10 mm square shaft. Tighten the square
coupler bolt to the shaft using an 8 mm (5/16
in.) wrench or 10 mm (3/8 in.) 12-point socket.
Tighten to 10.5 to 11.5 N·m (95 to 105 lb·in).
9. (Skip this step if you are installing the
VMA1626 model) Loop the pneumatic tubing
(supplied by field personnel) to include a
trap for condensation. Attach the needed
length of tubing (supplied and installed by
field personnel) to the dual port fitting on the
controller and the other ends of the tubing
to the pressure transducer in the VAV box
application.
Note: The controller uses a digital nonflow pressure sensor (all models except
the VMA1626) with bidirectional flow
operation. You can connect the highand low-pressure DP tubes to either
barbed fitting on the controller. You do not
need to make a specific high- or low-side
connection when you attach the tubing to
the barbed fittings on the controller.
10. Push the Manual Override button, and turn the
actuator coupling manually to ensure that the
actuator can rotate from full-closed to full-open
positions without binding.
11. Complete the mounting by rotating the damper
to the full-open position.
CAUTION
Risk of Property Damage
Rotate the damper to the full-open position before
starting the air handler. Failure to rotate the damper to
the full-open position may result in damage to the VAV
box or ductwork when the air handler is started.
ATTENTION
Risque de dégâts matériels
Faire pivoter le registre pour le placer en position
d'ouverture complète avant de démarrer l'unité de
traitement d'air. Le non-respect de cette directive
risque d'endommager le caisson de l'unité à volume
d'air variable (VAV) ou le réseau de conduites au démarrage de l'unité de traitement d'air.
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide 5
Wiring
CAUTION
Risk of Electric Shock
Disconnect the power supply before making electrical
connections to avoid electric shock.
ATTENTION
Risque de décharge électrique
Débrancher l'alimentation avant de réaliser tout raccordement électrique afin d'éviter tout risque de
décharge électrique.
Important: Do not connect supply power
to the controller before finishing wiring and
checking all wiring connections. Short circuits
or improperly connected wires can result
in damage to the controller and void any
warranty.
Input and Output terminals
The input spade terminals are located on the
bottom of the VMA near the FC Bus terminal block.
The output spade terminals are located on the top
of the controller near the power supply . For more
information, see Table .
FC bus terminal block (Or N2 protocol as required)
The FC Bus terminal block is a blue, removable, 4terminal plug that fits into a board-mounted jack.
Wire the removable FC Bus terminal block plugs
on the VMA and other controllers in a daisy-chain
configuration using 3-wire twisted, shielded cable
as shown in Figure 3. See Communication bus and
supply power table for more information.
Figure 3: FC bus terminal block wiring
Important: Do not exceed the controller
electrical ratings. Exceeding controller electrical
ratings can result in permanent damage to the
controller and void any warranty.
Important: Use copper conductors only. Make
all wiring in accordance with local, national, and
regional regulations.
Important: Electrostatic discharge can
damage controller components. Use proper
electrostatic discharge precautions during
installation, setup, and servicing to avoid
damaging the controller.
For information on configuring and wiring
a BACnet/IP network, refer to the Metasys IP
Networks for BACnet/IP Controllers Configuration
Guide (LIT-12012458). For detailed information on
configuring and wiring a SA Bus, refer to the MS/TP
Communications Bus Technical Bulletin (LIT-12011034).
VMA terminals and bus ports
Note: The Shield terminal (SHLD) on the FC
Bus terminal block is isolated and can be used
to connect the cable shields on the bus (Figure
3).
SA Bus terminal block
The SA Bus terminal block is a brown, removable,
4-terminal plug with +15 VDC that fits into a boardmounted jack. Wire the removable SA Bus terminal
block plugs on the VMA and other SA Bus devices
in a daisy-chain configuration using 4-wire twisted,
shielded cable as shown in Figure 4. See Table for
more information.
See for input and output terminal and bus port
locations on the controllers. Observe the following
guidelines when wiring a VMA controller.
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide6
Figure 4: SA bus terminal block wiring
Modular ports
The modular and FC Bus ports on the face of the
VMA are RJ-12 (6-position) modular jacks as shown
in Figure 5.
Figure 5: Pin Number Assignments for
Sensor (SA Bus and FC Bus) Ports on
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 Controllers
Wire the 24 VAC supply power wires from the
transformer to the HOT and COM terminals on the
terminal plug as shown in the following figure. See
Table for more information.
Figure 6: 24 VAC supply power terminal block
wiring
Important: Exercise caution while rewiring
the power plug when replacing a VMA1610
or VMA1620 controller with a VMA1615 or
VMA1630 controller. The supply power terminal
on a new VMA is a two-position terminal block
(Figure 6). A VMA1610 or VMA1620 controller
uses a three-position terminal block, and the
center position is not used. Stray wire strands
may make contact and cause a short circuit
across the 24 VAC power supply.
The modular SA Bus port provides a connection for
the Wireless Commissioning Converter (BTCVT),
VAV Balancing Tool, DIS1710 Local Controller
Display, WRZ78xx Series One-to-One Wireless
Transmitter, and NS Series sensors. The modular
FC Bus port provides a connection for the Wireless
Commissioning Converter and the ZFR/ZFR Pro
Wireless Router.
Note: Do not use the modular SA Bus port and
the terminal block SA Bus simultaneously. Only
use one of these connections at a time.
Supply power terminal block
The 24 VAC supply power terminal block is a
gray, removable, 2-terminal plug that fits into a
board-mounted jack on the upper left of the VMA
controller.
The supply power wire colors may be different on
transformers from other manufacturers. Refer to
the transformer manufacturer’s instructions and
the project installation drawings for wiring details.
Important: Connect 24 VAC supply power to
the controller and all other network devices
so that transformer phasing is uniform across
the network devices. Powering network
devices with uniform 24 VAC supply power
phasing reduces noise, interference, and
ground loop problems. The controller does not
require an earth ground connection. However,
when grounding the secondary of the 24 VAC
transformer is required, only one connection to
ground should be made near the transformer.
See the following figure.
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide 7
Figure 7: Transformer Grounding
Note: If you are using the
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 controller with
the Wireless Field Bus System, refer to the
WNC1800/ZFR182x Pro Series Wireless Field Bus
System Bulletin (LIT-12012320) or the ZFR Series
Wireless Field Bus System Bulletin (LIT-12011336).
Terminal wiring guidelines,
functions, ratings, and
CAUTION
Risk of Property Damage
Do not apply power to the system before checking all
wiring connections. Improper wiring of this terminal
may cause a short circuit across the 24 VAC power
supply on VMA models. A short circuit may result in a
tripped circuit breaker or blown fuse. If using a transformer with a built-in fuse, the transformer may need
to be replaced.
ATTENTION
Risque de dommages matériels
Ne mettez pas l’appareil sous tension avant d’avoir
vérifié toutes les connexions du câblage. Le câblage
inadéquat de cette borne peut causer un court-circuit sur l’alimentation électrique de 24 V c.a. des VMA
modèles. Un court-circuit peut causer le déclenchement du disjoncteur ou le grillage d’un fusible. Si vous
utilisez un transformateur avec un fusible intégré,
vous pourriez devoir remplacer le transformateur.
requirements
Input and Output wiring guidelines
See Input and Output wiring guidelines tables
for information about the functions, ratings, and
requirements for the input and output terminals,
and for wire sizes and cable lengths guidelines.
In addition, observe the following guidelines when
wiring inputs and outputs:
• Run all low-voltage wiring and cables separate
from high-voltage wiring.
• All input and output cables, regardless of wire
size or number of wires, should consist of twisted,
insulated, and stranded copper wires.
• Shielded cable is not required for input or output
cables but is recommended for input and output
cables that are exposed to high electromagnetic
or radio frequency noise.
• Cable runs of less than 30 m (100 ft) typically do
not require an offset in the input/output software
setup.
To wire the controller, complete the following steps:
1. Terminate wiring according the appropriate
figure in Termination diagrams.
2. Wire network sensors and other devices to the
VMA's SA Bus.
3. Wire the FC Bus in a daisy chain.
4. Ensure that the device address DIP switches are
set to the appropriate device address (See ).
Also, activate the EOL switch if necessary.
5. Connect the controller to 24 VAC, Class 2 power.
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide8
• Cable runs over 30 m (100 ft) may require an
offset in the input/output software setup.
Input and Output wiring guidelines tables
Table 2: I/O terminal blocks, functions, ratings, requirements, and cables
Terminal block label Terminal labels Function, ratings, and requirements
15 VDC Power Source for active (3-wire)
+15 V
INn
UNIVERSAL
(Inputs)
ICOMn
OUTn
BINARY
(Outputs)
OCOMn
input devices connected to the Universal INn
terminals.
Provides 35 mA total current.
Analog Input - Voltage Mode (0–10 VDC)
10 VDC maximum input voltage
Internal 75k ohm Pulldown
Analog Input - Resistive Mode (0–600k
ohm)
Internal 12 V, 15k ohm pull up
Qualified Sensors: 0–2k potentiometer,
RTD (1k Nickel [Johnson Controls sensor],
1k Platinum, and A99B Silicon Temperature
Sensor)
Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC)
Sensor
10K Type L (10K Johnson Controls Type II is
equivalent to Type L) or 2.252K Type II
Binary Input - Dry Contact Maintained
Mode
1 second minimum pulse width
Internal 12 V, 15k ohm pull up
Universal Input Common for all Universal IN
terminals
Note: All Universal ICOMn terminals
are isolated from all other commons
on the -0 models. The -1 model ICOMn
terminals are isolated from FC BUS
COM terminals only.
Binary Output - 24 VAC Triac (Internal
Power)
Sources internal 24 VAC power (24~ HOT)
Binary Output - 24 VAC Triac (Internal
Power)
Connects OCOMn to 24~ COM when
activated.
Internal Power Source:
30 VAC maximum voltage to load
0.5 A maximum output current
1.3 A at 25% duty cycle
40 mA minimum load current
To determine wire size and maximum
cable length
Same as (Universal) INn.
See Guideline A in Table 3.
See Guideline A in Table 3.
See Guideline A in Table 3.
Same as (Universal) INn.
See Guideline C in Table 3.
See Guideline C in Table 3.
Note: Use 3-wire cable for devices
that source power from the +15 V
terminal.
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide 9
Table 2: I/O terminal blocks, functions, ratings, requirements, and cables
Terminal block label Terminal labels Function, ratings, and requirements
Analog Output - Voltage Mode (0–10 VDC)
10 VDC maximum output voltage
10 mA maximum output current
External 1k to 50k ohm load required
Binary Output 24 VAC Triac
OUTn
CONFIGURABLE
(Outputs)
OCOMn
Connects OUT to OCOM when activated.
External Power Source:
30 VAC maximum voltage to load
0.5 A maximum output current
1.3 A at 25% duty cycle
40 mA minimum load current
Analog Output Signal Common: All
Configurable Outputs defined as Analog
Outputs share a common, which is isolated
from all other commons except the Binary
Input common.
Binary Output Signal Common: All
Configurable Outputs defined as Binary
Outputs are isolated from all other commons,
including other Configurable Output
commons.
To determine wire size and maximum
cable length
See Guideline A in Table 3.
See Guideline C in Table 3.
Same as (Configurable) OUTn.
Table 3: Cable Length Guidelines for Recommended Wire Sizes
Guideline Wire Size/Gauge and Type
1.0 mm (18 AWG) stranded copper 457 m (1,500 ft) twisted wire
0.8 mm (20 AWG) stranded copper
297 m (975 ft) twisted wire
A
B
C
0.6 mm (22 AWG) stranded copper
183 m (600 ft) twisted wire
0.5mm (24 AWG) stranded copper
107 m (350 ft) twisted wire
1.0 mm (18 AWG) stranded copper 229 m (750 ft) twisted wire
0.8 mm (20 AWG) stranded copper
297 m (975 ft) twisted wire
0.6 mm (22 AWG) stranded copper
183 m (600 ft) twisted wire
0.5 mm (24 AWG) stranded copper
107 m (350 ft) twisted wire
See Figure to select wire size/gauge.
Use stranded copper wire.
Maximum Cable Length and
Type
297 m (975 ft) twisted wire
183 m (600 ft) twisted wire
107 m (350 ft) twisted wire
137 m (450 ft) twisted wire
91 m (300 ft) twisted wire
61 m (200 ft) twisted wire
See Figure to determine cable
length.
Use twisted wire cable.
Maximum cable length versus load current
Assumptions
100 mV maximum voltage drop
Depending on the cable length
and the connected input or
output device, you may have
to define an offset in the setup
software for the input or output
point.
100 mV maximum voltage drop
Depending on the cable length
and the connected input or
output device, you may have
to define an offset in the setup
software for the input or output
point.
N/A
Use Figure 8 to estimate the maximum cable length
relative to the wire size and the load current (in mA)
when wiring inputs and outputs.
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide10
Figure 8: Maximum Wire Length by Current and
Wire Size
Communications bus and supply
In addition, observe these guidelines when wiring
the SA/FC Buses and supply power:
• Run all low-voltage wiring and cables separate
from high-voltage wiring.
• All FC and SA Bus cables, regardless of wire size,
should be twisted, insulated, stranded copper
wire.
• Shielded cable is strongly recommended for all FC
and SA Bus cables.
• Refer to the MS/TP Communications Bus
Technical Bulletin (LIT-12011034) for detailed
information regarding wire size and cable length
requirements for the FC and SA Buses.
power wiring guidelines
Communication bus and supply power table
Communication bus and supply
power table
provides information about terminal block
functions, ratings, and requirements..
Table 4: Communication bus and supply power terminal blocks, functions, ratings, requirements, and
cables
Terminal block/Port label Terminal labels
+
-
22
FC BUS
2
SA BUS
FC BUS FC BUS
2
SA BUS
COM
SHLD
+
-
COM
SA PWR
SA BUS
Function, electrical ratings/
Requirements
FC Bus Communications
Signal Reference (Common) for bus
communications
Isolated terminal (optional shield drain
connection)
SA Bus Communications
SA Bus Signal Reference and 15 VDC
Common
15 VDC Supply Power for Devices on the
SA Bus
RJ-12 6-Position Modular Port provides
FC Bus Communications
FC Bus provides 15 VDC Power for:
Wireless Bluetooth Commissioning
Converter
Wireless ZigBee Field Bus Router
RJ-12 6-Position Modular Port provides
SA Bus Communications
SA Bus provides 15 VDC Power for:
NS Series Sensors
Wireless ZigBee WRZ-78xx Series Oneto-One Wireless Receiver
Wireless Bluetooth Commissioning
Converter (BTCVT)
DIS1710 Local Controller Display
VAV Balancing Tool
Recommended cable type
0.6 mm (22 AWG) stranded, 3-wire
twisted, shielded cable recommended
0.6 mm (22 AWG) stranded, 4-wire
(2 twisted-pairs), shielded cable
recommended
Note: The + and - wires are one
twisted pair, and the COM and
SA PWR wires are the second
twisted pair.
24 AWG 3-pair CAT 3 Cable <30.5m
(100 ft)
11
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide 11
Table 4: Communication bus and supply power terminal blocks, functions, ratings, requirements, and
cables
Terminal block/Port label Terminal labels
HOT
24~
COM
Function, electrical ratings/
Requirements
24 VAC Power Supply - Hot
Supplies 20–30 VAC (Nominal 24VAC)
24 VAC Power Supply Common
The -0 models isolate this terminal from
all other commons.
Recommended cable type
0.8 mm to 1.0 mm
(20 to 18 AWG) 2-wire
The -1 models only isolate this terminal
from the FC bus common.
1 See Table 3 to determine wire size and cable lengths for cables other than the recommended cables.
2 The SA Bus and FC Bus wiring recommendations in this table are for MS/TP Bus communications at 38.4k baud. For more
information, refer to the Metasys IP Networks for BACnet/IP Controllers Configuration Guide (LIT-12012458).andMS/TP Communications
Bus Technical Bulletin (LIT-12011034).
11
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide12
Termination diagrams
A set of Johnson Controls termination diagrams provides details for wiring inputs and outputs to the
controllers. See the figures in this section for the applicable termination diagrams.
Table 5: Termination details
Type of field device
Type of Input/
Output
Termination diagrams
Voltage Input External Source
Voltage Input Internal Source
Voltage Input (SelfPowered)
Temperature Sensor UI
UI
UI
UI
Dry Contact UI
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide 13
Table 5: Termination details
Type of field device
0–10 VDC Output to
Actuator (Internal
Source)
0–10 VDC Output to
Actuator (External
Source)
Type of Input/
Output
CO
CO
Termination diagrams
24 VAC Triac Output
(Switch Low, External
Source)
Incremental Control to
Actuator (Switch Low,
External Source)
Analog Output
(Voltage)
Incremental Control to
Actuator (Switch Low,
Internally Sourced)
CO
Note: Applies to CO4 and CO5.
CO
Note: Applies to CO4 and CO5.
CO
BO
Note: Applies to BO3, BO1, and BO2.
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide14
Table 5: Termination details
Type of field device
24 VAC Binary Output
(Switch Low, Internally
Sourced)
Network Stat with
Phone Jack (Fixed
Address = 199)
Type of Input/
Output
BO
SA Bus
Termination diagrams
Network Stat with
Terminals Addressable
Network Stat with
Terminals (Fixed
Address = 199)
SA Bus
SA Bus
Setup and adjustments
Important: Electrostatic discharge can
damage controller components. Use proper
electrostatic discharge precautions during
installation, setup, and servicing to avoid
damaging the controller.
Setting the device address
Metasys field controllers are master devices on
BACnet® MSTP (SA or FC) Buses. Before operating
field controllers on a bus, you must set a valid and
unique device address for each controller on the
bus.
Set a field controller’s device address by setting
the positions of the switches on the Device Address
DIP switch block at the top of the controller (Figure
1). Device addresses 4 through 127 are the valid
addresses for these controllers.
The DIP switch block (Figure 9) has eight switches
numbered 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, and 1. Switches 64
through 1 are device address switches. Switch 128
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide 15
is a mode switch that enables a field controller to
operate on a ZFR/ZFR Pro Series Wireless Field Bus.
Switch 128 must be set to OFF for all hard-wired SA
and FC Bus applications. Set Switch 128 to ON for
wireless FC Bus applications only.
Figure 9: Device Address Switches Set to 21
Note: Metasys field controllers ship with Switch
128 ON and the remaining address switches
OFF. This renders the controllers wired
subordinate devices, which do not interfere
on MSTP Buses and do not interfere with
bus operation. Set a valid and unique device
address on the controller before applying
power to the controller on the bus.
To set the device addresses on a Metasys field
controller:
1. Set all of the switches on the field controller’s
device address DIP switch block (128 through 1)
to OFF.
2. Set one or more of the seven address switches
(64 through 1) to ON, so that the sum of the
switch numbers set to ON equals the intended
device address. See Table 6 and Table 7 for
valid field controller addresses. Set the highest
number switch that is less than or equal to the
intended device address to ON. Then continue
setting lower numbered switches until the total
equals the intended address. For example, if
the intended device address is 21, set Switch 16
to ON first, then set Switch 4 ON, followed by
Switch 1 (16+4+1=21). See Figure 9.
Refer to the WNC1800/ZFR182x Pro Series
Wireless Field Bus System Technical Bulletin
(LIT-12012356) or the ZFR1800 Series
Wireless Field Bus System Technical Bulletin
(LIT-12011295) for more information on
device addresses in wireless applications.
4. Set a unique and sequential device address
for each of the field controllers connected on
the SA or FC Bus, starting with device address
4. To ensure the best bus performance, set
sequential device addresses with no gaps in
the device address range (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and
so on). The field controllers do not need to
be physically connected on the bus in their
numerical device address order.
5. Write each field controller’s device address on
the white label below the DIP switch block on
the controller’s cover.
Refer to the MSTP Communications Bus Technical
Bulletin (LIT-12011034) for more information on field
controller device addresses and how to set them on
MSTP Buses.
Table 6 and Table 7 show and describe the valid
FC Bus and SA Bus device addresses for Johnson
Controls MSTP communications bus applications.
Table 6: FC Bus device address descriptions
Device address Address description
0
(Switch 128
OFF)
1 to 3
(Switch 128
OFF)
4 to 127
(Switch 128
OFF)
Reserved for FC Bus Supervisory Controller (not
valid for field controllers).
Reserved for peripheral devices (not valid for
field controllers).
Valid for MSTP Master field controllers on a
hard-wired SA Bus or FC Bus.
3. Set Switch 128 to ON only for controllers
on a ZFR/ZFR Pro Series Wireless Field Bus
application. For all hard-wired SA and FC Bus
applications, ensure that Switch 128 is set to
OFF.
Note: Do not connect a wirelessly enabled
field controller to a wired FC Bus.
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide16
Table 7: Wireless field bus device address
Device address Address description
Reserved addresses for wired subordinate
devices (not valid for field controllers).
0 to 3
(Switch 128 ON)
Note: Metasyscontrollers ship with 128
ON and the remaining address switches
OFF, rendering the controllers wired
subordinate devices, which do not operate
on Metasys field buses.
Table 7: Wireless field bus device address
Device address Address description
Valid for MSTP Master field controllers on
wireless FC Buses only.
Note: Do not connect a Metasys controller
4 to 127
(Switch 128 ON)
with these device addresses to an active
wired SA or FC Bus. When a controller
with one of these device address is
connected to a wired field bus, the field
bus is rendered inoperable until the
controller is disconnected or Switch 128 is
set to OFF.
8. After the download is finished, disconnect the
24 VAC supply to the controller.
9. Set the address switch segment labeled 128 to
ON.
10. Reattach the FC Bus connector to the controller.
11. Reconnect the 24 VAC supply to the controller.
Setting the EOL switch
Setting the N2 Controller address to be greater than 127
N2-configured controllers support the full range
of possible N2 device addresses provided by the
N2 protocol standard (1–254). However, these
controllers require special configuration for
addresses above 127.
Use the following instructions for controllers greater
than 127.
Note: This special configuration is required
because controller addresses above 127 were
originally intended for use with the Wireless
Field Bus system.
Note: Prior to performing this procedure,
be sure the controller has been converted
from BACnet to N2 protocol first. Refer to the
Modernization Guide for Legacy N2 Controllers
(LIT-12012005) for more information.
1. Disconnect the 24 VAC supply from the
controller.
2. Remove the FC Bus connector from the
controller.
3. Set the address switch set to the desired N2
address.
4. Set the address switch segment labeled 128 to
OFF.
5. Reconnect the 24 VAC supply to the controller.
6. Using an SA bus connection, download the
firmware and controller application file. The
download process asks to confirm switching the
communication protocol to N2.
Each field controller has an EOL switch, which,
when set to ON (up), sets the field controller as
a terminating device on the bus. See Figure 1 for
the EOL switch location on the field controller. The
default EOL switch position is OFF (down). The
amber EOL LED illuminates to show the EOL is
active.
Figure 10: EOL switch positions
To set the EOL switch on a field controller:
1. Determine the physical location of the
controller on the SA or FC Bus.
2. Determine if the controller must be set as a
terminating device on the bus.
Note: The EOL termination rules for
SA Buses and FC Buses are different.
Refer to the MSTP Communications Bus
Technical Bulletin (LIT-12011034) for detailed
information regarding EOL termination
rules and EOL switch settings on SA and FC
Buses.
3. If the controller is a terminating device on
the FC Bus, set the EOL switch to ON. If the
controller is not a terminating device on the
bus, set the EOL switch to OFF.
Note: When the EOL switch is set to ON,
the LED light on the face of the controller
is illuminated.
7. Click OK.
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide 17
Commissioning Field Controllers
To commission the VMA1615/1626/1628/1630
controller, use the following procedure:
1. Download the control application to the
controller using the Controller Configuration
Tool (CCT). Refer to the Controller Tool Help
(LIT-12011147).
2. Commission the VAV Box. Refer to the Controller
Tool Help (LIT-12011147).
3. Perform airflow balancing on the VAV box.
Refer to the VAV Balancing Tool Technical Bulletin
(LIT-12011087).
4. Perform commissioning checkout procedures.
Refer to the Controller Tool Help (LIT-12011147).
You commission controllers with the CCT software.
The controller can be connected in one of four
ways; either through NxE Passthru, MAP 4.2+/
BACnet Router (Mobile Access Portal (MAP)
Gateway at version 4.2 or above), through Bluetooth
(using BTCVT), or Direct Ethernet connection
to the controller. Refer to Controller Tool Help
(LIT-12011147) for detailed information about
commissioning field controllers.
Note:
• The MAP Gateway serves as a replacement
for the BTCVT, which is no longer available
for purchase, but continues to be supported.
Repair information
If the controller fails to operate within its specifications, replace the unit. For a replacement unit, contact the
nearest Johnson Controls representative.
Troubleshooting
Table 8 provides LED status indicator information
for troubleshooting the controllers.
Note: If you experience short circuits in the 24
VAC power supply causing protective devices
such as breakers or fuses to trip, make sure
that the power connections on the VMA are
not reversed. The most common cause of this
problem is when the 24 VAC power supply
on the VMA is reversed but not reversed on a
connected secondary device. Improper wiring
of this power terminal may cause a short circuit
across the 24 VAC power supply on -1 models.
Troubleshooting scenarios
Correction:
1. Ensure polarity of ~24 V COM / ICOM / +
15VCOM/SA BUS COM on the controller,
auxiliary devices and I/O is the same.
2. Ensure OUT1-OUT3 terminals of binary outputs
are not connected to ~24 VAC COM, verify that
OCOM1-OCOM3
3. are not connected to ~24 VAC HOT (these
terminals are internally sourced).
4. Verify the short circuit has been resolved with
an ohm-meter.
Controller is Off
Power at Primary of Transformer, 0V at Secondary
or the Power at Primary Transformer, 24V at
Secondary, 0V at Fuse/Breaker and Breaker/Fuse
has tripped.
Possible Cause:
1. Transformer is shorted.
2. 24VAC powered sensor is not wired with the
same polarity as the controller.
3. SA bus device is not wired with the same
polarity as the controller.
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide18
5. Reset the breaker/fuse or replace the
transformer.
Note: When replacing the transformer, it
is recommended to replace with a model
that utilizes a resettable circuit braker.
A circuit breaker makes solving wiring
problems easier.
Verification:
1. Disconnect the secondary of the 24 VAC
transformer.
2. Use an ohm-meter to measure between ~24
VAC HOT and COM; there should be no short
circuit.
Note: That some installations require the
secondary of the Transformer to be Earth
Grounded. If this is the case, verify that
the Earth Ground connection is valid and
not shared between multiple pieces of
equipment.
Configurable output - analog mode is invalid
0–10 V output is set to 10–100%, but 0 V is at output
terminals and Output is in protection mode -a state
the analog portion of the configurable output goes
into when it detects a wiring problem. The analog
output is set to 0% regardless of the command
whenever a wiring fault is detected.
Possible Cause: Power polarity mismatch between
connected device and configurable output.
Correction: Ensure polarities of ~24 V COM/OCOM
match and that the connected end device uses the
same polarity.
Verification:
1. Measure the output and verify that it matches
the command.
2. Disconnect the connected device and verify the
commanded value is present.
Configurable output - analog mode is invalid
0–10V output has an undesirable offset of up to 1 V
and Common Reference is incorrect.
Possible Cause: OCOM terminal is not connected.
Correction: Connect OCOM terminal of the
configurable output to the common of the
connected end device.
Verification:
1. Measure the output and verify that it matches
the command.
2. Disconnect the connected device and verify the
commanded value is present.
LED status and states
Table 8: Status LEDs and description of LED states
LED label LED color Normal state Descriptions of LED states
POWER Green On Steady
FAULT Red Off Steady
FC BUS Green Blink - 2 Hz
SA BUS Green Blink - 2 Hz
EOL Amber Off
Off Steady = No power
On Steady = Power is supplied by primary voltage
Blink - 2 Hz = Download or startup in progress, not
ready for normal operation, SA Bus devices offline
(such as netsensors)
Rapid blink = SA Bus communications issue
Off Steady = No faults
On Steady = Device fault or no application loaded
Blink - 2 Hz = Data transmission (normal
communication)
Off Steady = No data transmission (auto baud in
progress)
On Steady = communication lost, waiting to join
communication ring
Blink - 2 Hz = Data transmission (normal
communication)
Off Steady = No data transmission (N/A - auto baud
not supported)
On Steady = Communication lost; waiting to join
communication ring
On Steady = EOL is active
Off Steady = EOL is not active
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide 19
Accessories
Table 9: Controller accessories (order separately)
Product code number Description
IOM Series Controllers
Mobile Access Portal (MAP) Gateway
TL-CCT-0 Metasys Controller Configuration Tool
MS-FCP-0 Metasys Equipment Controller Firmware Package Files for CCT
WRZ Series Sensors
MS-DIS1710-0 Local Controller Display
Y64T15-0
Y65A13-0
Y65T42-0
Y65T31-0
AP-TBK1002-0 2-position Screw Terminal that plugs onto VMA Output Point Spade Lugs
AP-TBK1003-0 3-position Screw Terminal that plugs onto VMA Output Point Spade Lugs
AP-TBK4SA-0 Replacement MS/TP SA Bus Terminal, 4-Position Connector, Brown, Bulk Pack of 10
AP-TBK2PW-0 Replacement Power Terminal, 2-Position Connector, Gray, Bulk Pack of 10
MS-VMAACT-701 VMA Actuator Assembly Gearbox Replacement Kit
AS-CBLTSTAT-0 Cable adapter for connection to 8-pin TE-6700 Series sensors
F-1000-325
F-1000-326
TL-BRTRP-0 Portable BACnet/IP to MS/TP Router
Refer to the Metasys® System Field Equipment Controllers and Related Products Product Bulletin
(LIT-12011042) for a complete list of available IOM Series Controllers.
Refer to the Mobile Access Portal Gateway Catalog Page (LIT-1900869) to identify the
appropriate product for your region.
Note: The MAP Gateway serves as a replacement for the BTCVT, which is no longer
available for purchase, but continues to be supported.
Refer to the WRZ Series Wireless Room Sensors Product Bulletin (LIT-12011653) for a complete
list of available WRZ Series Sensors.
Transformer, 120/208/240 VAC Primary to 24 VAC Secondary, 92 VA, Foot Mount, 72.2 cm (30
in.), Primary Leads and 76.2 cm (30 in.) Secondary Leads, Class 2
Transformer, 120 VAC Primary to 24 VAC Secondary, 40 VA, Foot Mount (Y65AS), 20.32 cm (8
in.), Primary Leads and 76.2 cm (30 in.) Secondary Leads, Class 2
Transformer, 120/208/240 VAC Primary to 24 VAC Secondary, 40 VA, Hub Mount (Y65SP+),
20.32 cm (8 in.), Primary Leads and Secondary Screw Terminals, Class 2
Transformer, 120/208/240 VAC Primary to 24 VAC Secondary, 40 VA, Foot Mount (Y65AR+),
20.32 cm (8 in.), Primary Leads and Secondary Screw Terminals, Class 2
Replacement Barbed Fitting for use on VMA1615, VMA1630, and VMA1832 for Connecting
Tubing, Bulk Pack of 10
Flexible Tubing Extension with Barbed Fitting for VMA1615, VMA1630, and VMA1832, 35.56
cm (14 in.) Length, Bulk Pack of 20
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide20
Technical specifications
Table 10: VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 Controllers
MS-VMA1615-x: 32-bit, Integrated VAV Controller/Actuator/Pressure Sensor - DPT, 3 UI
and 2 BO, 24VAC, FC and SA Bus
MS-VMA1626-x: 32-bit, Integrated VAV Controller/Actuator (No Pressure Sensor - DPT); 3
Product Code Numbers
Communications Protocol BACnet MSTP, N2
Engines
Supply Voltage
Power Consumption
Ambient Conditions
Terminations
Controller Addressing for BACnet MSTP
Controller Addressing for N2 DIP switch set; valid field controller device addresses 1–254
Communications Bus
Processor RX630 32-bit Renesas® microcontroller
Memory 1 MB flash memory and 512 KB RAM
Universal Input Mode/Configurable
Output Mode Accuracy
Air Pressure Differential Sensor
UI, 3 BO, and 2 CO; 24VAC; FC and SA Bus
MS-VMA1628-x: 32-bit, Integrated VAV Controller/(No Actuator) Pressure Sensor - DPT; 3
UI, 3 BO, and 2 CO; 24VAC; FC and SA Bus
MS-VMA1630-x: 32-bit, Integrated VAV Controller/Actuator/Pressure Sensor - DPT; 3 UI, 3
BO, and 2 CO; 24VAC; FC and SA Bus
All Model types. Some NIE models support MS/TP and N2 devices. Refer to the Network
Engines Product Bulletin (LIT-12012138) for details.
24 VAC (nominal, 20 VAC minimum/30 VAC maximum), 50/60 Hz, Power Supply Class 2
(North America), Safety Extra-Low Voltage (SELV) (Europe)
10 VA typical, 14 VA maximum
Note: The VA rating does not include any power supplied to the peripheral devices
connected to Binary Outputs (BOs) or Configurable Outputs (COs), which can
consume up to 12 VA for each BO or CO, for a possible total consumption of an
additional 60 VA (maximum).
Operating: 0°C to 50°C (32°F to 122°F)
Storage: -40°C to 70°C (-40°F to 158°F)
Inputs/Outputs: 6.3 mm (1/4 in.) Spade Lugs
FC Bus, SA Bus, and Supply Power: 4-Wire and 2-Wire Pluggable Screw Terminal Blocks
FC and SA Bus Modular Ports: RJ-12 6-Pin Modular Jacks
DIP switch set; valid field controller device addresses 4–127
(Device addresses 0–3 and 128–255 are reserved and not valid field controller addresses.)
RS-485: selectable between BACnet MSTP or N2
FC Bus: 0.6 mm (22 AWG) standard 3-wire, twisted, shielded cable recommended
between the supervisory controller and controller
10/100 Mbps; 8-pin RJ-45 connector
SA Bus: 0.6 mm (22 AWG) stranded, 4-wire (2-twisted pairs) shielded cable recommended
from the VMA controller for network sensors and other sensor/actuator devices; includes
a terminal to source 15 VDC supply power from VMA to SA Bus devices
Note: For more information, refer to the MS/TP Communications Bus Technical
Bulletin (LIT-12011034), Metasys IP Networks for BACnet/IP Controllers Configuration
Guide (LIT-12012458)
UI Analog Input Mode: 15-bit resolution on UIs
CO Analog Output Mode (VMA1626/1628/VMA1630 only): 0–10 VDC ± 200 mV
Range: -1.5 in. to 1.5 in. W.C.
Performance Characteristics:
Accuracy: ±1.3% Full Span Maximum (±0.039 in. W.C.)
Note: Combined error due to offset, non-linearity, and temperature variation.
Typical accuracy at zero (null) pressure is ±0.02 in. W.C.(if provided)
Note: Includes error due to non-linearity.
Note: For more information, refer to the MS/TP Communications Bus Technical
Bulletin (LIT-12011034), Metasys IP Networks for BACnet/IP Controllers Configuration
Guide (LIT-12012458)
Actuator Rating 4 N·m (35 lb·in) minimum shaft length = 44 mm (1-3/4 in.) (if provided)
Mounting Mounts to damper shaft using single set screw and to duct with single mounting screw
VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 VAV Controllers Installation Guide 21
Table 10: VMA1615/1626/1628/1630 Controllers
Dimensions
(Height x Width x Depth)
Weight 0.65 kg (1.45 lb)
Compliance
165 mm x 125 mm x 73 mm (6.5 in. x 4.92 in. x 2.9 in.)
Center of Output Hub to Center of Captive Spacer: 135 mm (5-5/16 in.)
United States:
UL Listed, File E107041, CCN PAZX, UL 916, Energy Management Equipment; Suitable for
use in other environmental air space (plenums) in accordance with Section 300.22(C) of
the National Electric Code.
FCC Compliant to CFR47, Part 15, Subpart B, Class A.
Canada:
UL Listed, File E107041, CCN PAZX7, CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 205, Signal Equipment.
Industry Canada Compliant, ICES-003
Europe:
CE Mark – Johnson Controls declares that this product is in compliance with the essential
requirements and other relevant provisions of the EMC Directive.
Australia and New Zealand:
RCM Mark, Australia/NZ Emissions Compliant.
BACnet International
BACnet Testing Laboratories (BTL) Protocol Revision 12 Listed BACnet Advanced
Application Controller (B-AAC)
The performance specifications are nominal and
conform to acceptable industry standard. For
application at conditions beyond these specifications,
consult the local Johnson Controls office. Johnson
Controls shall not be liable for damages resulting from
misapplication or misuse of its products.
Product warranty
This product is covered by a limited
warranty, details of which can be found at
www.johnsoncontrols.com/buildingswarranty.
Single point of contact
APAC Europe NA/SA
JOHNSON CONTROLS
C/O CONTROLS PRODUCT
MANAGEMENT
NO. 32 CHANGJIJANG RD NEW
DISTRICT
WUXI JIANGSU PROVINCE 214028
CHINA
For more contact information, refer to
www.johnsoncontrols.com/locations.
JOHNSON CONTROLS
WESTENDHOF 3
45143 ESSEN
GERMANY
JOHNSON CONTROLS
507 E MICHIGAN ST
MILWAUKEE WI 53202
USA
© 2019 Johnson Controls. All rights reserved. All specifications and other information shown were current as of document revision and
are subject to change without notice.
www.johnsoncontrols.com
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