– Avenue des Sports 42 – CH-1400 Yverdon-les-Bains – Switzerland
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Dear customer,
Thank you for purchasing this device SalinoMADD. This gauging device allows you to measure the flow of rivers
very fast and easily according to the tracer dilution method.
The SalinoMADD is shipped in a sturdy carrying case. It is strongly recommended to always replace the device,
the probe and accessories into this suitcase, which will ensure the best protection. Although it was designed
for use in difficult conditions, it is a piece of precision equipment that must be protected from impact. Handled
with a minimum of precautions, SalinoMADD will help you for long time!
In order to best use your new system, please read this manual and observe the manipulations described below.
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Upon delivery of a device SalinoMADD, the package contains the following materiel:
• A carrying case in polypropylene with rubber-foam inserts
• A SalinoMADD measuring unit with 4 alkaline batteries 1,5V
• A probe for water salinity and temperature with 10 meters cable and connector
• A straight calibrated measure for 100ml.
• 5 doses of 20 ml calibration solution
• A CD “SalinoMADD” containing
o The software SalinoMADD
o This instruction manual
o A notice about the gauging method
o A demo video of a gauging with SalinoMADD
• A serial cable for the communication between SalinoMADD and a PC
The device is delivered ready to use and calibrated.
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The device is delivered with a factory warranty for one year from the date of the invoice. Repairs are made in our
workshop; no further benefit can be taken into account without written confirmation of MADD
is understood that this warranty is available only if the device SalinoMADD was used in conditions for which it
was expected, as described below. Any other manipulation should be done at risk and peri of the user.
The device SalinoMADD uses the tracer dilution method to determine the stream flow of the measured
watercourse.
Principle
The main principle of this method consists to inject into a watercourse a concentrated solution of tracer.
Downstream, at a distance large enough from the injection point for a good mix with the river water, the tracer
concentration is measured during the passage of the tracer could. This dilution is a function of flow rate,
assumed constant along the section concerned during the measurement time.
The following conditions are necessary for the application of the dilution method:
• The flow of the river should remain roughly constant during the measurement;
• The tracer must pass totally through the gauging sector;
• At the measuring point, the mixture should be such that at each point of the section of the river must
spend the same amount of tracer.
According to the above conditions, this method is especially adapted in case of low depths, very high speed or in
presence of turbulences that does not guarantee a stable speed, like rivers or streams. As against, it is not
suitable for measuring flow in concrete channels which does not permit the mixing of the water.
Cooking salt as tracer
The cooking salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is an ideal tracer: it is very easy to find, cheap and has a high degree of
dilution in water. Furthermore, it is not harmful to the fauna and flora at the concentrations used and it is few
absorbed by vegetation and materials of the bed of the river. Finally, it is very easy to measure its concentration
with a conductivity probe.
M
In this case, the operator injects into the river a known mass of salt
Downstream, is placed a conductivity probe that will measure the electrical conductivity of water throughout
T
the duration
dissolved salt concentration. The concentration curve can therefore be deduced in function of time
Q
is then obtained by integrating the concentration over time:
of passage of the cloud of salt. A linear relationship exists between the conductivity of water and
The batteries are accessible on the back of the device.
Unscrew the two screws of the battery cover, remove
the old batteries and replace the 4 alkaline dry cells
respecting polarity as indicated inside the housing.
Close the lid.
A set of new cells has a voltage of 6V. This voltage is
displayed in the main menu. When this voltage downs
below 3V, it is necessary to change the batteries. The
autonomy is approximately 30 hours in normal use
with one set of alkaline manganese batteries, type.
AAA, AM3, LR6, Mignon, UM3 etc.
Power on the unit
To switch on the SalinoMADD, just press the button .
At this time the display on right for 2 seconds. It contains also the
software version, useful for eventual future updating.
Functions of the sensor touches
SalinoMADD possess four function buttons disposed on the front panel:
Switch on the unit.
Confirm the chosen parameters displayed.
Go to the next option. Increase numerical values step by step at the
– Avenue des Sports 42 – CH-1400 Yverdon-les-Bains – Switzerland
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The multimetre mode is used for punctual measurements of water quality. The probe must be connected to the
SalinoMADD before switching it on.
On MAIN MENU select MULTIMETRE with touch
. At this moment the instrument measures continuously
salinity, temperature and the conductivity of the water.
To return to the MAIN MENU, press. In this mode, the
device will automatically switch off after about 4 minutes.
and press
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Cleaning of the probe
Ensure that the probe is clean before starting calibration. Clear the electrodes from calcareous deposits using
a specific cleaning agent (Durgol, cleaning vinegar etc.).
In this goal, pour cleaning agent into a recipient up to the level necessary for
complete immersion of the probe's glass part which should remain in the
cleaning liquid for about 20 minutes. Rinse the probe thoroughly in order to
clear off completely the cleaning liquid, let it dry and then place it into
previously prepared half-litre of pure water.
Preparation of the calibration
Following preparation is necessary before calibrating the probe for salinity
gauging.
1. With the 100 ml calibrated tube prepare 2 doses i.e. 200 ml of
demineralized water with a conductivity not exceeding 10 μS (or a
resistivity of minimum 100'000 Ω)
2. Pour this water into a cleaned 1 litre plastic measure. For maximum
measurement accuracy, it is also possible to weigh the water i.e.
200 g of demineralized water.
3. Immerse the probe in this water and connect it to the SalinoMADD,
which must be switched off beforehand.
Before starting the calibration, the probe should have the waters temperature, which can be checked by putting
the device in MULTIMETRE mode. Ensure that the temperature remains stable. Once all parameters meet these
conditions, the calibration can be launch. Only few seconds are necessary.
– Avenue des Sports 42 – CH-1400 Yverdon-les-Bains – Switzerland
Calibration
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In the MAIN MENU, select CALIBRATION with touch
points: at 0 mg/l, at 1200 mg/l, at 825 mg/l and at 426 mg/l.
The message displayed here refers to instructions on previous page.
The following display appears about 5 seconds later. If everything has
been put into place, press
The first calibration step is the determination of the zero point. It is
obtained using pure water as reference. While CALIBRATION OFFSET
is on display, 16 measurements are done. The average of these
measurements finishes the zero calibration which is saved
provisionally
When this display appears, pour 20 ml of calibration liquid into pure
water and use probe to stir it well in order to get a homogenous
mixture. At this moment the solution contains 1200 mg of salt per
liter of water. Press
The second calibration step does 16 measurements as well.
While these are being carried out, CALIBRATION 1200 mg/l stays on
display.
At the end of the display, the average value of the 16 measurements
is saved provisionally.
The next step permits to do the third point of the calibration.
Adding 100 ml of pure water into the 0,2 liter solution, the salinity
reaches 825 mg per liter.
The display indicates the procedure in course showing CALIBRATION
825 mg/l.
At the end, the average value of 16 measurements is saved and the
SalinoMADD continues to the next phase.
The calibration of the fourth and last point is done by adding 300 ml of
pure water into the beaker, that raises the salinity to 425,8 mg per
litre.
Stir well to ensure homogenous solution and press ↵.
The display taking into account the variations shows now
CALIBRATION 426 mg/l. Having saved the average value of 16
measurements, the SalinoMADD passes to the final phase of
calibration.
– Avenue des Sports 42 – CH-1400 Yverdon-les-Bains – Switzerland
The SalinoMADD will automatically calculate the precise values of the 4 measured calibration points. It will
furthermore determine the curve's non-linearity and calculate necessary corrections. All these parameters are
saved provisionally and the screen passes on to the following display.
This display specifies the end of the calibration of the salinity. At this
moment is still possible to abort the calibration procedure by pressing
If the calibration is ok, confirm by pressing ↵. This will store the
calibration data and these will be maintained even during the exchange
of batteries.
Either command SAVE or ABORT will return to MAIN MENU.
Preparing doses for calibration
Although your SalinoMADD supplier can supply calibration doses, it is useful to be in a position to prepare own
doses, particularly when salt other than chloride sodium is chosen.
The necessary material
• A precision scales with 0,1 g graduations, accuracy < 0,1 %.
• A glass measure with volume scales, accuracy < 0,1 %.
• A number of small plastic bottles with a content of at least 20 ml each
• A pipette or syringe 20 cc accurately calibrated
• An adequate quantity of salt for water flow gauging
• 1 liter of demineralised water with a conductivity not exceeding 10 μS/cm or a resistivity of at least
100'000 ohms.
The preparation of doses
• Weigh out precisely 13,2 g of salt and pour it into a glass.
• Add demineralised water to make up 1 liter of solution
• Stir it well in order to obtain a homogenous solution
• Using a pipette, transfer the solution into small plastic bottles by doses of 20 ml
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Each dose will contain:
water, which results:
Then:
264 mg / 220 ml * 1000 = 1200 milligrams of salt per litre
(13,2 g / 1000 ml) * 20 ml = 264 milligrams of salt
, added into 200 ml of pure
200+20=220 ml of water containing 264 milligrams of salt
.
.
WARNING
The gauging accuracy depends on the precision of the calibration, which depends on the precision of the
preparation of calibration doses described above. A deviation of only 0,1 gram from the required weight of salt
results in a gauging error of 0,75 %. A deviation of 10 ml from the required volume of water results in a gauging
error of 1 %.
Under certain circumstances and for practical reasons, smaller or bigger doses of calibration liquid may be
needed, but the quantity of salt will always have to be proportional to the total quantity of solution, e.g. : 6,6
grams of salt for 0,5 litre solution or 26,4 g of salt into 2 litres solution. Or if you want to use 10 grams of
salt, you have to add pure water up to a total of 757,5 ml of solution.
The SalinoMADD may contain up to 15 pre-programmed sites. This programming is usually carried out at home,
although it can be done anywhere by means of a laptop.
Make sure the SalinoMADD is switched off and then connect the
probe. Having switched on the unit and selected ACQUISITION mode
the display shows the name of the first programmed site.
Here are the options you can select:
Next site
Previous site
Accept the displayed site
If this site has been already gauged, the result will be displayed here
or a ? will appear if gauging was not complete and if no result could be
obtained. By choosing a site previously gauged, the measurements
data will be replaced upon Start by the new gauging data.
If a site has not been pre-programmed, it is always possible to
register a site number on site. In this case, having confirmed the
gauging site, a site number for further reference can be registered.
The numeral chosen with the cursor can be stepped up by pressing
touch
and the cursor can be moved to the next numeral pressing
.
If no site number is desired, just leave the number 0000 (pressing 4x
). A registered site number cannot be erased nor altered.
Selecting intervals
After the selection of a gauging site, the display shown at right will appear. You can select the desired interval
between measurements by pressing touch .
Choosing the interval between 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 seconds is
directly related with the laps of time the salt cloud needs to
completely pass by the gauging site. The total disposable memory for
one gauging site being 955 measurements, the interval may allow
data acquisition during ¼ hour, ½ hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 ¼ or 8 ½
hours.
It is important to adapt the interval to the characteristics of the water course:
• If the watercourse is rapid and turbulent, the injected tracer will be quickly uniformly mixed and this will
permit a fast gauging with an injection of the tracer at a short distance from the gauging area. In this case
a shorter interval is chosen.
• If the water flow is high, the distance of the tracer injection point from the gauging area will be long and
the time for the tracer cloud to pass by the gauging site will be longer. The interval will have to be longer
as well. Experience in gauging with tracers will make the choice of sites and gauging parameters easier.
NB: All operations to select values like the increment of digits, the quittance of option or the confirmation of
menus are always done with help of the 3 touches of the front panel and their explanation will therefore no
longer be repeated.
– Avenue des Sports 42 – CH-1400 Yverdon-les-Bains – Switzerland
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Choice of the meteorological situation
The SalinoMADD contains a number of meteorological situations among which you will choose the appropriate
setting corresponding to the situation at the time of measurement.
Sunny Rainy Snow
Overcast Rain & hail Cloudy
Rain & wind Cold & frost Stormy
Nice & hot Strong rain
Introduction of the water level
Having selected one of above listed meteorological situations, you can
enter the water level of the water course to be gauged. The water
level measured on site permits to correlate measured water flow with
the water level. After a number of measurements at different heights,
it will be possible to establish a formula or at least a relationship
between measured water level and water flow.
Start by selecting the unit in mm, cm or meters before stepping up numbers up to the desired value by pressing
the touch
value is complete.
. The first digit chosen, go on to the next one by pressing touch and so on until the desired
Quantity of injected salt
The next step is the introduction of the salt quantity that will be injected into the water course for the gauging.
The recommended quantity of 2 to 12 grams per litre/second of water flow depends on the distance to the
injection point necessary for a good mixture. The longer the distance, the bigger the tracer dilution and then the
smaller the increase in salinity in the gauging area.
To obtain good results, this instrument requires a salinity increase of
10% or at least 15 milligrams per litre compared with the natural
salinity of the water course.
This quantity of injected salt should be known with precision because it
is an important factor for the water flow calculation.
The SalinoMADD accepts values from 1g to 1000kg.
Distance to point of injection
This distance depends on the nature and the length of the water
course the salt cloud has to travel though until it is evenly spread over
its entire section. The more the water course is turbulent, the faster
mixture and dilution are achieved and the shorter the distance to
point of injection, like in a mountain torrent. In case of a canalized
water course nearly straight or with reservoirs, the flow will be
slower, the distance to point of salt injection will be greater and more
salt will be required.
This distance is recorded for information only since it does not enter into the water flow calculation.
End of data inputs
All necessary data inputs having been recorded in the SalinoMADD,
the acquisition can go on.
The data has been safely stored and the unit will restart and return
to its initial state within a few seconds.
Before launching the acquisition, select the site and its indications (see above).
Make sure that the probe has reached the water's temperature before starting the data acquisition. The water
salinity is directly dependent on the water temperature which is measured to correct the salinity and thus bring
it to a standard 20° C. Just use the MULTIMETRE mode to control the temperature stability.
Beginning of data acquisition
After the START of the acquisition, the SalinoMADD begins the
measurements according to the programmed interval. At each
measurement, salinity and water temperature values are displayed
on screen. These measurements are checked to detect the arrival of
the salt cloud.
For correct operation, the device should do at least 100
measurements before the arrival of the salt cloud.
Then both following situations may appear:
th
• The first one occurs when the salt cloud arrives between the 100
case, the device records the initial salinity before the arrival of the salt cloud. It will also record the
memory address of the start. It then continues recording the data.
• The second situation appears when more than 240 measurements having been recorded and that the salt
cloud has not arrived yet. In this case, the SalinoMADD, in order to prevent wasting memory space, will
delete the oldest measurements and record the new ones. As soon as the salt cloud is detected, the
memory address of the start and initial salinity are memorized and the data acquisition continues normally.
and the 240th measurement. In this
As soon as the salt cloud has been detected, the display shown here
appears. Instead of the now useless temperature indication, the
initial salinity IS is displayed. At the end of the acquisition procedure,
the salinity should have reached again this initial value. The value on
the left (M .Nr = 468) indicates the number of measurements
already recorded while the value on the right (REM = 487) shows the
number of remaining measurements. Current date and time are
shown on the fourth line.
End of data acquisition
During the rest of the procedure, the SalinoMADD will try to detect the end of the salt cloud. The operator will
follow the evolution as well. When the water salinity come back to its initial value, the display will normally say
END OF CLOUD - STOP:
can stop the procedure as indicated on the display. If not, he will
await the end of the salt cloud before stopping. The SalinoMADD
does not switch off automatically unless the memory of the site in
question is exhausted. At this moment or when pressing touch
the memory address of the end the cloud, the values of the initial,
maximum and final salinity and the exact time at the end of the
gauging are recorded in the memory of the site. At the end of the
measuring procedure, the results are displayed.
. The operator will ensure that the salinity has dropped to its initial value. If so he
– Avenue des Sports 42 – CH-1400 Yverdon-les-Bains – Switzerland
Display of the results
The procedure having run normally, the module having detected the
beginning and the end of the salt cloud, it will now, upon pressing
touch
moment of the display END OF CLOUD the measurement of salinity
has reached its initial value, we may take it for granted that all the
injected salt has passed though the gauging area. We may then
graphically check the quality of the salt dilution on the PC with help
of the SALINOMADD software and eventually correct the points of
beginning and end of salt cloud.
It may happen that the SalinoMADD does not detect the end of the
cloud and thus the operator should interrupt manually the
procedure. In this case the display says MANUAL STOP, ESTIMATED
FLOW. The estimated value should in fact be correct because the
beginning of the cloud had been detected correctly by the module and
the end by the operator.
When the memory of a site is full, the device displays MEMORY
EXHAUSTED. Various raisons can be the cause:
• The length of the salt cloud has exhausted the memory size.
• The SalinoMADD has not detected the end of the salt cloud and
• The end of the cloud has detected, but the 100 preliminary
In any case, check the gauging curve in the graph and decide if the gauging is good or not.
, display the data as shown here at the right. If at the
the operator did not stop it.
measurements had not been recorded.
13
End of acquisition due to errors
If the SalinoMADD has not been in position to collect a sufficient
amount of parameters for the calculation of water flow, it will explain
it on the screen.
In this case, it may be necessary to repeat the gauging procedure.
The operator, who is equipped with a laptop with SALINOMADD
software, can check the gauging curve on site and therefore leaves
the site with the assurance of perfect gauging results.
– Avenue des Sports 42 – CH-1400 Yverdon-les-Bains – Switzerland
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• Prepare, whenever possible, gauging site programming in advance. It makes the actual data acquisition
work much easier.
• Upon arrival at the measurement site, place immediately the probe into the water. It will then reach fast
the water temperature.
• Try to position the probe in a place where the water course is not too turbulent. Always avoid the
phenomenon of cavitation around the probe. It can perturb the measurements and cause air bubbles
between the probe's electrodes.
• Do not connect the probe to the SalinoMADD when switched on. If this happens however, the SalinoMADD
may be blocked and can not be switched on again. It is then necessary to remove the alkaline batteries for
a moment and put them back in place again. In this case, recorded data, date and time are lost. The unit is
still in working condition but names of sites, localities and operators can always be introduced later at the
office.
• Don’t forget that the SalinoMADD must record at least 100 measurements prior to the arrival of the salt
cloud. The time needed for these measurements is proportional to the gauging intervals as shown below:
INTERVAL RECORDING BEFORE CLOUD ARRIVES
1 second 1 minute 40 seconds
2 seconds 3 minutes 20 seconds
4 seconds 6 minutes 40 seconds
8 seconds 13 minutes 20 seconds
16 seconds 26 minutes 40 seconds
32 seconds 53 minutes 20 seconds
• It is preferable to dilute the salt in water taken from the river to be gauged and then inject the total mixed
solution at once into the water course (max. 300 g of salt per litre). Avoid not yet dissolved salt to sink to
the bottom of the riverbed.
• The most important point for successful gauging is in fact the good dissolution and mixture of the salt in
the water course. Some turbulences caused by a few stones or tiny waterfalls favours the mixing process.
In a straight and flat riverbed or a canal placing some stones can help the mix.
• Small side streams of the water course and basins may slow down part of the current which does not
favour the mixing process.
• A higher speed of the current is a positive factor for the mixing process and a rapid passage of the salt
cloud favours the measuring since the threshold of natural salinity varies very little.
• Gauging in tunnels, straight canals with a current speed of 1 meter/second gives good results even at long
distances (e.g. more than 3000 m) from point of salt injection.
– Avenue des Sports 42 – CH-1400 Yverdon-les-Bains – Switzerland
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Software possibilities
The main purpose of this software is to evaluate the acquired gauging data as graphs on PC or laptop. It
presents a clear picture of the acquisition quality.
Functions of the software:
• Preparing, by group of 15, the parameters of the gauging sites.
• Upload into the SalinoMADD a group of 15 gauging sites.
• Setting date and time.
• Reading on site data recordings and saving them.
• Visualization of the gauging graph for each site.
• Eventual modification of major parameters of measuring sites.
• Subsequent calculation of water flow in accordance with the part of curve taken into account.
• Saving processed data files.
• Exporting formatted data for use in spreadsheets.
• Printing gauging card with graphs.
Practical software use
The SALINOMADD software running under Windows® is a very easy to use tool which does not require any
special know-how. It includes online help explaining the functions in details and at any time. All commands are
clearly defined on the touches for graphic functions - just click on them with the mouse.
Installation of the SalinoMADD software
1. Insert the installation CD in your CD drive.
2. Select the language you wish to use and then follow the on-screen installation instructions.
3. If the launch of the application is not automatic, please launch it manually:
Click on Start, select Run…, type D:\Autorun\AUTO-G.exe and click OK
Warning:
When you transfer the data from SalinoMADD to PC, or when you store the site programming from PC to
SalinoMADD or during time setting, don't switch on SalinoMADD !