IOTech Analyzer488 User Manual

Analyzer488

IEEE 488 Bus Analyzer

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

IOtech, Inc. • 25971 Cannon Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44146 • [phone]

Information

Your IOtech warranty is as stated on the product warranty card. You may contact IOtech by phone,
fax machine, or e-mail in regard to warranty-related issues.
Phone: [phone], fax: [phone], e-mail: [e-mail]

Limitation of Liability

IOtech, Inc. cannot be held liable for any damages resulting from the use or misuse of this product.

Copyright, Trademark, and Licensing Notice

All IOtech documentation, software, and hardware are copyright with all rights reserved. No part of this product may be
copied, reproduced or transmitted by any mechanical, photographic, electronic, or other method without IOtech’s prior written
consent. IOtech product names are trademarked; other product names, as applicable, are trademarks of their respective
holders. All supplied IOtech software (including miscellaneous support files, drivers, and sample programs) may only be used
on one installation. You may make archival backup copies.

FCC Statement

IOtech devices emit radio frequency energy in levels compliant with Federal Communications Commission rules (Part 15)
for Class A devices. If necessary, refer to the FCC booklet How To Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems
(stock # 004-000-00345-4) which is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

CE Notice

Many IOtech products carry the CE marker indicating they comply with the safety and emissions standards of the
European Community. As applicable, we ship these products with a Declaration of Conformity stating which
specifications and operating conditions apply.

Warnings, Cautions, Notes, and Tips

Refer all service to qualified personnel. This caution symbol warns of possible personal injury or equipment damage
under noted conditions. Follow all safety standards of professional practice and the recommendations in this manual.
Using this equipment i n ways other than described in t his manual can present serious safety hazards or cause equipment
damage.

This ESD caution symbol urges proper handling of equipment or components sensitive to damage from electrostatic
discharge. Proper handling guidelines include the use of grounded anti-static mats and wrist straps, ESD-protective
bags and cartons, and related procedures.

Specifications and Calibration

Specifications are subject to change without notice. Significant changes will be addressed in an addendum or revision to the
manual. As applicable, IOtech calibrates its hardware to published specifications. Periodic hardware calibration is not
covered under the warranty and must be performed by qualified personnel as specified in this manual. Improper calibration
procedures may void the warranty.

Quality Notice

IOtech has maintained ISO 9001 certification since 1996. Prior to shipment, we thoroughly test our products and
review our documentation to assure the highest quality in all aspects. In a spirit of continuous improvement, IOtech
welcomes your suggestions.

Analyzer488

User's Manual

Part No. Analyzer488-901

Revision 1.0

September 1989

IOtech, Inc. • 25971 Cannon Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44146 • [phone]

Table of Contents

Section 1 INTRODUCTION Page

1.1 Description 1.1

1.2 About This Manual 1.2

1.2.1 Typographic Conventions 1.3

1.2.2 Abbreviations 1.3

1.3 Specifications 1.6

1.4 Available Accessories 1.7

1.5 Inspection 1.8

1.6 Service Information 1.9

Section 2 GETTING STARTED Page

2.1 Introduction 2.1

2.2 Quick Start 2.1

2.3 Configuration 2.5

2.4 Detailed Operation 2.8

2.4.1 Analyzer488 Terminology 2.8

2.4.2 Handshaking and Controlling Bus Speed 2.9

2.4.3 Bus Recording System 2.10

2.4.4 Recording Statistics 2.11

2.4.5 Statistics Formulas 2.11

2.4.6 Trigger System 2.12

2.4.7 Time and Rate Measurements 2.18

2.4.8 Analyzing Bus Records 2.18

2.5 Rear Panel Description 2.18

2.5.1 Edge Card Connector 2.20

2.5.2 Serial Port Description 2.20

2.5.3 Serial Cable Wiring Diagrams 2.22

Section 3 Front Panel Operation Page

3.1 Introduction 3.1

3.2 Description 3.1

3.3 Setup 3.2

3.4 Configuration 3.2

3.5 Display Panel 3.3

3.5.1 Alphanumeric Display 3.3

3.5.2 Front Panel LED Indicators 3.5

3.5.3 Bus Display Mode 3.6

Table of Contents

3.5.4 Memory View Mode 3.6

3.6 Keyboard 3.6

3.6.1 Using the Keyboard 3.7

3.6.2 Using Command Keys 3.7

3.6.3 Using Menu Keys 3.7

3.6.4 Using Edit Keys 3.8

3.6.5 Saving and Recalling Keystroke Macros 3.8

3.6.6 Getting Help 3.9

3.7 Using the Analyzer488 on the IEEE 488 bus 3.9

3.7.1 Controlling Bus Management and Data Lines 3.10

3.7.2 Viewing Bus Events 3.11

3.7.3 Recording Bus Events 3.13

3.7.4 Viewing Recorded Bus Events 3.14

3.7.5 Using Triggers 3.14

3.7.6 Viewing the Triggered Bus Events 3.16

3.7.7 Using Relative Addressing 3.16

3.7.8 Reviewing Recording Status 3.17

3.7.9 Searching Record Memory 3.17

3.7.10 Printing Record Memory 3.18

3.7.11 Using Low-Level Controller Commands 3.18

3.7.12 Using Keypress Macros 3.22

3.8 Key Descriptions 3.26

3.8.1 Keyboard Functions 3.26

3.8.2 Keyboard Keys and LEDs 3.26
Data Entry Keys 3.27
Cursor Keys 3.29
Shift 3.30
Memory 3.31
Search 3.33
Trigger 3.35
Handshake 3.41
Source 3.43
Control 3.47

Section 4 Serial Controller Page

4.1 Introduction 4.1

4.2 Description 4.1

4.3 Serial Interface 4.1

4.4 Configuration 4.2

Table of Contents

4.5 Using the Analyzer488 with a PC 4.2

4.6 Using the Analyzer488 with a Terminal 4.3

4.7 Serial Controller Commands 4.4

4.7.1 System Commands 4.4

4.7.2 Record Commands 4.5

4.7.3 High Level Controller Commands 4.5

4.7.4 Low Level Controller Commands 4.5

4.8 Bus State Format 4.5

4.9 Record Memory Format 4.9

4.10 Memory Usage 4.6

4.11 Command Descriptions 4.7

4.11.1 Type 4.7

4.11.2 Syntax 4.7

4.11.2.1 Bus Addressing 4.9

4.11.2.2 Record Memory Addressing 4.10

4.11.2.3 Character Count 4.10

4.11.2.4 ASCII Characters 4.10

4.11.2.5 ASCII Character Strings 4.11

4.11.2.6 Terminators 4.11

4.11.2.7 Bus Management and Data Lines 4.11

4.11.2.8 Event Conditions 4.12

4.11.3 Response 4.12

4.11.4 Remarks 4.12

4.11.5 Mode 4.12

4.11.6 Bus States 4.13

4.11.7 Query Response 4.14

4.11.8 Examples 4.14

4.12 Command Descriptions 4.14
@ 4.15
@@ 4.16
ABORT 4.17
ADDRESS 4.18
ARM 4.19
ASSERT 4.21
CLEAR 4.23
CONTROLLER 4.24
DISARM 4.26
DISPLAY 4.27
DUMP 4.28
ENTER 4.30

Table of Contents

ERASE 4.32
ERROR 4.33
FIND 4.34
HANDSHAKE 4.36
HELLO 4.38
ID 4.39
KEY 4.40
LISTEN 4.42
LOCAL 4.43
LOCAL LOCKOUT 4.44
MASK 4.45
MEASURE 4.46
NEXT 4.48
OUTPUT 4.49
PPOLL 4.51
PPOLL CONFIG 4.52
PPOLL DISABLE 4.54
PPOLL UNCONFIG 4.55
? (PRINT) 4.56
READ 4.58
RECORD 4.60
RELATIVE 4.62
REMOTE 4.64
RESET 4.65
RESUME 4.66
SEND 4.67
SET RELATIVE 4.70
SET TRIGGER 4.71
SPOLL 4.74
STATUS 4.76
STEP 4.81
STERM 4.82
TALK 4.84
TERM 4.85
TIMEOUT 4.87
TRIGGER 4.88
UNASSERT 4.89
VIEW 4.90
WRITE 4.92
ZERO 4.93

Table of Contents

Section 5 Analyst488 Software Page

5.1 Introduction 5.1

5.2 Description 5.1

5.3 Setup 5.1

5.4 Configuration 5.1

5.4.1 Analyzer488 Configuration 5.1

5.4.2 PC Configuration 5.1

5.5 Using Analyst488 Software 5.2

5.5.1 Using Menus 5.2

5.5.2 Using Dialog Boxes 5.2

5.5.3 Using Windows 5.3

5.5.4 Using Shortcut Keys 5.3

5.6 Command Descriptions 5.3

5.7 File Menu 5.3

5.7.1 Open Analyzer 5.3

5.7.2 Open File 5.4

5.7.3 Close 5.4

5.7.4 Virtual Front panel 5.5

5.7.4.1 Source Control 5.5

5.7.4.2 Message Entry 5.5

5.7.4.3 Hexadecimal Data Entry 5.5

5.7.4.4 Character Data Entry 5.6

5.7.4.5 Binary Data Entry 5.6

5.7.4.6 Control Line Control 5.6

5.7.4.7 Handshake Speed Control 5.6

5.7.5 Command Line Controller 5.6

5.7.6 Mark Block 5.7

5.7.7 Mark All 5.7

5.7.8 Write Block 5.8

5.7.9 Print Block 5.8

5.7.10 Transfer 5.8

5.7.11 DOS Shell 5.9

5.7.12 Setup 5.9

5.7.13 Quit 5.10

5.8 Display Menu 5.10

5.8.1 Format 5.10

5.8.1.1 Message 5.10

5.8.1.2 Hexadecimal 5.11

5.8.1.3 Hex Highlight Mode 5.11

Table of Contents

5.8.1.4 Mixed 5.11

5.8.2 Absolute 5.12

5.8.3 Relative 5.12

5.8.4 Set Referenece 5.12

5.8.5 Horizontal 5.13

5.8.6 Vertical 5.13

5.9 Record Menu 5.13

5.9.1 Record Enable 5.13

5.9.2 Record Status 5.13

5.9.3 Trigger 5.15

5.9.4 Erase 5.17

5.9.5 Zero 5.17

5.10 Search Menu 5.17

5.10.1 First 5.17

5.10.2 Last 5.18

5.10.3 Next Trigger 5.18

5.10.4 Previous Trigger 5.18

5.10.5 Block Find 5.19

5.10.6 Block Find Next 5.20

5.10.7 Compare Blocks 5.20

5.10.8 Goto Address 5.20

5.10.9 Goto Offset 5.20

5.10.10 Goto Reference 5.21

5.11 Handshake Menu 5.21

5.11.1 Listen 5.21

5.11.2 Talk 5.21

5.11.3 Fast 5.21

5.11.4 Slow 5.22

5.11.5 Step 5.22

5.11.6 None 5.22

Section 6 Instrument Simulator Page

6.1 Introduction 6.1

6.2 Description 6.1

6.3 Setup 6.1

6.4 Configuration 6.2

6.5 Using the Instrument Simulator Mode 6.2

6.6 Instrument Simulator Mode Bus Commands 6.3

6.6.1 Data Buffer Commands 6.3

Table of Contents

6.6.2 Keyboard and Display Commands 6.3

6.6.3 Waveform Control Commands 6.3

6.6.4 Poll Response Commands 6.5

6.6.5 Miscellaneous Commands 6.5

6.7 IEEE 488 Bus Implementation 6.6

6.7.1 My Talk Address (MTA) 6.6

6.7.2 My Listen Address (MLA) 6.6

6.7.3 Device Clear (DCL and SDC) 6.7

6.7.4 Interface Clear (IFC) 6.7

6.7.5 Serial Poll Enable (SPE) 6.7

6.7.6 Serial Poll Disable (SPD) 6.7

6.7.7 Unlisten (UNL) 6.7

6.7.8 Untalk (UNT) 6.7

6.7.9 Parallel Poll (PP) 6.7

6.8 Command Descriptions 6.8
Buffer Data (Bn) 6.9
Clear Buffer (C0) 6.11
Panel Display (D/string/) 6.12
Error Query (E?) 6.13
Format (Gn) 6.15
Reading Delimiter (Hn) 6.17
User Reading Delimiter (In) 6.18
End of Reading EOI (Jn) 6.19
End of Waveform EOI (Kn) 6.20
Parallel Poll Response (Pn) 6.21
Serial Poll Response (Sn) 6.22
Timed SRQs (Tn) 6.23
Status (Un) 6.24
Version Query (V?) 6.26
Waveform (Wn) 6.27
Execute (X) 6.35
Waveform Terminator (Yn) 6.36
User Waveform Terminator (Zn) 6.37
Query (?) 6.38

Table of Contents

Appendix A Front Panel Key Summary A.1
Appendix B Serial Controller Commands B.1
Appendix C Instrument Simulator Commands C.1
Appendix D Analyst488 Software Menus D.1
Appendix E Analyzer488 Error Messages E.1
Appendix F Sample BASIC Program F.1
Appendix G IEEE 488 Primer G.1
Appendix H Character Codes & IEEE Multiline Messages H.1

Section 1 Introduction

Introduction

1.1 Description

The Analyzer488 IEEE 488 Bus Analyzer is a multifunction IEEE 488 device
that can monitor, capture, and analyze IEEE 488 bus events. The Analyzer488 can
function as a full-featured IEEE 488 bus controller, providing full IEEE 488-1978 bus
implementation. The Analyzer488 can also operate as an instrument simulator,
emulating any one of hundreds of IEEE 488 instruments, such as digital oscilloscopes
and multimeters. Data for several different waveforms can be retrieved from the
Analyzer488.

The Analyzer488 can be operated from the front panel or from a personal
computer or terminal connected to the serial port. Analyst488 software is included
that runs on an IBM PC to provide all the Analyzer488 functions using a menu driven
approach.

As a high level controller, the Analyzer488 interprets simple high level
commands sent from the computer's serial port and performs the necessary, and
usually complex, bus control and handshaking. The commands and protocol are
similar to those used by the Hewlett Packard HP-85 computer. As a low level
controller, The Analyzer488 offers complete control of bus management, data, and
handshaking lines.

Front panel operation allows a user to configure the Analyzer488, control the
IEEE 488 bus, view bus transactions, record bus transactions, and print recorded bus
events to a serial or IEEE 488 printer.

1.1

Section 1 Introduction

1.2 About This Manual

This manual describes the operation of the Analyzer488 IEEE 488 Bus Analyzer,
manufactured by IOtech, Inc. It assumes that you are familiar with using the IEEE
488 bus, using a serial terminal, using a personal computer, menus, and using a
mouse.

Section 1, Introduction, is an introduction to the Analyzer488. It includes a
description, specifications, and service information.

Section 2, Getting Started, presents a step-by-step introduction to using the
Analyzer488. It provides an overview of the three operating modes and examples of
displaying bus information, storing bus events, and analyzing bus data.

Section 3, Front Panel Operation, gives a detailed explanation of operating the
Analyzer488 from the front panel. It includes a description of all the controls and
indicators and provides examples of all the features of front panel operation.

Section 4, Serial Controller, provides a description of the Serial Controller Mode
of operation of the Analyzer488. It includes an explanation of how to use the
Analyzer488 as a serial controller and a detailed description of all the commands.

Section 5, Analyst488 PC Software, shows how to use the Analyzer488 with the
Analyst488 PC software running on an IBM PC computer. It includes a description of
all menus, screens, and windows and gives detailed examples of all the Analyst488
software features.

Section 6, Instrument Simulator, shows how the use the Analyzer488 as an
instrument simulator. It gives a detailed explanation of all the commands that are
available when the Analyzer488 is in this mode of operation.

Appendices A to H p rovide reference material, i ncluding an IEEE primer, cable
and pinout details, command summaries, a sample program listing, error messages,
and a glossary of terms.

1.2

Section 1 Introduction

1.2.1 Typographic Conventions

This manual uses different typefaces to represent keys, commands,
displays, and various other elements important to using the Analyzer488.
The following typographical conventions are used in this manual:

[KEYS]

Analyzer488 front panel keys are shown in square brackets.

<K> Computer keys are shown in angle brackets

COMMANDS

enus Menu selections are shown in boldface.

M

DISPLAYS

output

LED LED indicators are called out this way.

ATN

Command keywords are shown in this typeface.

Analyzer488 front panel displays are shown this way.
Responses are shown like this.

%00000000 Specifies Binary data
&H3F Specifies Hexadecimal data
122 Specifies decimal data
'A' Specifies ASCII data

1.2.2 Abbreviations

The following IEEE 488 abbreviations are used throughout this manual.
addr

IEEE bus address "n"

n

ACG Addressed Command Group
ACK Acknowledge
ATN Attention
BEL Bell
BS Backspace
CAN Cancel
CR Carriage Return
data Data String
DAV Data Valid bus handshaking line
DC1 Device Control 1
DC2 Device Control 2
DC3 Device Control 3
DC4 Device Control 4
DCL Device Clear
DIO

Bus data lines n = 1 to 8

n

DLE Data Link Escape
EM End of Medium

1.3

Section 1 Introduction

ENQ Enquiry
EOI End or Identify
EOT End of Transmission
ESC Escape
ETB End Transmission Block
ETX End of Text
FF Form Feed
FS File Separator
GET Group Execute Trigger
GS Group Separator
GTL Go To Local
HT Horizontal Tab
IFC Interface Clear
LAG Listen Address Group
LF Line Feed
LLO Local Lock Out
MLA My Listen Address
MTA My Talk Address
NAK Negative Acknowledge
NDAC Not Data Accepted
NRFD Not Ready For Data
NUL Null
PPC Parallel Poll Configure
PPU Parallel Poll Unconfigure
REN Remote Enable
RS Record Separator
SCG Secondary Command Group
SDC Selected Device Clear
SI Shift In
SO Shift Out
SOH Start Of Heading
SPD Serial Poll Disable
SPE Serial Poll Enable
SRQ Service Request
STX Start of Text
SUB Substitute
SYN Synchronous Idle
TAD Talker Address
TAG Talk Address Group
TCT Take Control

1.4

Section 1 Introduction

term

Terminator
UCG Universal Command Group
UNL Unlisten
UNT Untalk
US Unit Separator
VT Vertical Tab
* Unasserted

1.5

Section 1 Introduction

1.3 Specifications IEEE 488-1978 Interface Front Panel Mode:

Serial Controller
Mode:

Instrument
Simulator Mode:

Connectors:

Handshake Speeds:

Capture Trigger:

SH1, AH1, E1

SH1, AH1, E1 with C1, C2, C3, C4 and C28 controller
subsets

SH1, AH1, T6, TE0, L4, LE0, SR1, RL0, PP2,
DC1, DT1, E1.
Programmable terminators, waveforms, data format,
buffer data, display data, keypad response, parallel and
serial poll responses, service request and status.
Standard IEEE 488 connector with metric studs. BNC
connector for trigger output. Card edge connector for
all IEEE 488 bus signals( unbuffered). DB9 RS-232
connector.
Programmable Single Step, Slow (1 to 10
bytes/second), Fast (up to 1M byte/second) and None.
Bus Management and Data line programmable for low
(0), high (1) and don’t care (0 or 1). Programmable
pattern occurrence from 1 to 65,535, trigger delay from
1 to 99,999,999 bus events and post trigger capture
depth from 1 to 32767 transactions.

Serial Interface
EIA RS-232C:

Character Set:
Serial I/O Buffers:
Output Voltage:
Input Voltage:
Baud Rate:

Data Format:

Duplex:

AB, BA, BB, CA, CB
Asynchronous bit serial.
8,000 characters total, dynamically allocated.
±5 volts min (RS-232C)
±3 volts min.; ±15v max.
Selectable 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, and
19,200.
Selectable 7 or 8 data bits; 1 or 2 stop bits; odd, even,
and no parity.
Full with Echo/No Echo.

1.6

Section 1 Introduction

Serial Control:
Terminators:
Connector:

General
Display:

Indicators:
Power:
Dimensions:

Weight:
Environment:

Controls:

Selectable CTS/RTS or XON/XOFF.
Selectable CR, LF, LF-CR and CR-LF.
9-pin Sub-D male. Serial cable included to connect to
9 or 25 pin IBM PC, XT and AT.

20 character vacuum fluorescent alphanumeric display
with adjustable brightness level.
20 LEDs for various status indications.
105-125V or 210-250V; 50-60 Hz, 20 VA Max.
245 mm deep x 280 mm wide x 35 mm high (9.6" x
11" x 1.4").

1.8 kg. (4 lbs).
0° - 50°C; 0 to 70% R.H. to 35°C. Linearly derate 3%
R.H./°C from 35° to 50°C.
Power Switch (external), 46 key keypad.

Specifications subject to change without notice

.

1.4 Available Accessories

Additional accessories that can be ordered for the Analyzer488 include:

CA-7-1 1.5 foot IEEE 488 Cable
CA-7-2 6 foot IEEE 488 Cable
CA-7-3 6 foot shielded IEEE 488 Cable
CA-7-4 6 foot reverse entry IEEE 488 Cable
CA-47 IBM PC/XT/PS2/AT to Analyzer488 RS-232 Cable
CN-20 Right Angle IEEE 488 adapter, male and female
CN-22 IEEE 488 Multi-tap bus strip, four female connectors in

parallel

CN-23 IEEE 488 panel mount feed-through connector, male and

female
ABC488 IEEE 488 ABC switch
Analyzer488-901 Analyzer488 Instruction Manual
Analyzer488-301 Analyzer488 Carrying Case

1.7

Section 1 Introduction

1.5 Inspection

The Analyzer488 was carefully inspected, both mechanically and electrically,

prior to shipment. When you receive the Analyzer488, carefully unpack all items
from the shipping carton and check for any obvious signs of physical damage which
may have occurred during shipment. Immediately report any such damage to the
shipping agent. Remember to retain all shipping materials in the event that shipment
back to the factory becomes necessary.

Every Analyzer488 is shipped with the following:

•

Analyzer488

•

Analyzer488 -901

•

CA-47

•

Analyst488

•

Analyzer488-311

•

Analyzer488-900

•

Power Supply

IEEE 488 Bus Analyzer
Instruction Manual
Serial Cable
Analyst Software for the IBM PC
Function Key Templates
Quick Reference Card
5 Volt Regulated
TR-9; 115V or
TR-9E; 220V

When the Analyzer488 is powered-on, it performs various hardware tests and

displays the results on the front panel display. If the Analyzer488 detects a hardware
failure during these tests, a message will appear on the display showing the failure.
The three failure messages that may be displayed are shown below:

Analyzer RAM Error

The Analyzer488 has detected an error while testing system RAM. No further

operation will occur.

The Analyzer488 has detected an error while testing system ROM. No further

operation will occur.

Analyzer ROM Error

1.8

Section 1 Introduction

Analyzer NVRAM Error

The Analyzer488 has detected an error while testing the non-volatile RAM. The

factory default configuration will be restored, the error will be corrected, and the
Analyzer488 will configure itself for Front Panel operation.

After a normal power-up or a configuration operation, the Analyzer488 displays

its operating mode on the 20 character front panel display . If configured for the
Serial Controlled Bus Analyzer operation the display will show the following message
:

Serial Controller

If configured for Instrument Simulator operation the display will show the

massage:

Instrument Simulator

These messages will remain displayed until overwritten by a user display

command.

If the Analyzer488 is configured as a stand alone bus controller the display will

show the current state if the IEEE488 bus as described in the following sections. A
typical display when in Front Panel mode is shown below:

BUS 'A' 41 ¼

1.6 Service Information

IOtech maintains a factory service center in Cleveland, Ohio. If problems are

encountered in using the Analyzer488, you should first telephone the factory. Many
problems can be resolved by discussing the problem with our applications department.
If the problem cannot be solved by this method, you will be instructed as to the proper
return procedure.

1.9

Section 2 Getting Started

Getting Started

2.1 Introduction

This section contains basic operating instructions for the Analyzer488. A quick
introduction to using the Analyzer488 is presented. Then, detailed instructions are
given. The explanations include information about configuration, operation, and an
explanation of the rear panel connectors.

2.2 Quick Start

The following is a simple example using the Analyzer488 to monitor the IEEE
488 bus, record some bus events, and view the recorded transactions. This example
uses the Analyzer488 to monitor and record simple transactions between an IOtech
Personal488 PC/IEEE Controller and a Keithley Instruments Model 196 System
Digital Multimeter.

Using the Analyzer488 to Monitor and Record Bus Tranactions

Analyzer488

IEEE
controller

IEEE

DMM

Connect the controller to the DMM and set the IEEE address of the DMM to 16.
Apply power to the PC and the DMM and run the IOtech keyboard controller program
(KYBDCTRL.EXE) that is included with the Personal488 interface.

2.1

Section 2 Getting Started

Plug the Analyzer488 power supply connector into the rear panel power jack.

CAUTION
Never install the power supply into the interface
while it is connected to AC line power. Failure
to observe this caution may result in damage to
the Analyzer488.

WARNING
The power supply provided with the interface is
intended for INDOOR USE ONLY. Failure to
observe this warning could result in equipment
failure, personal injury or death.

After installing the power supply connector into the interface, plug the power
supply into AC line power. Place the rear panel power switch in the ON [depressed]
position. All of the front panel LEDs will light (with the exception of the TALK
LED) while the Analyzer488 performs an internal ROM and RAM self test. At the
end of this self test, the front panel display will show the following message:

Analyzer488 Rev 1.0

After a few seconds, the front panel display will show the state of the IEEE 488

bus in the format as shown below:

BUS DCL 14 •

Note that the
IEEE cable to the rear panel IEEE 488 connector on the Analyzer488 and to the bus.
For the following examples, the commands sent to the Personal488 will be shown on
the left column and the display of the Analyzer488 will be shown on the right.

BUS

and

LISTEN

LEDs will be on at this time. Now, connect an

2.2

Section 2 Getting Started

Enter the following commands at the keyboard controller prompt (

CMD>

) and

observe the Analyzer488 display:

EOI

¼ ¼

CMD> output 16;F0R0X

CMD> enter 16;eoi

LOCATION MESSAGE

BUS ACG13 OD
BUS TAG16 50 ¼ ¼

RENATN

SRQ IFC

NDCV-000.0156E-3

The display of the Analyzer488 after each command shows the last byte that was
transferred on the bus. Although you only see the last data byte, several bytes were
transferred. To view each transaction at at readable rate, set the handshake speed to
Slow by pressing the [SLOW] key. Set the rate to 3 bytes per second by pressing the
[SHIFT] key followed by the [SLOW] key. Use the curosr keys to select a rate of 3
steps per second then press [ENTER].

Enter the same commands to the keyboard controller. Observe the Anlayzer488
display and you will see the bus activity at 3 bytes per second:

EOI

CMD> output 16;F0R0X

LOCATION MESSAGE

BUS TAG21 55 ¼ ¼

RENATN

SRQ IFC

BUS UNL 3F ¼ ¼

BUS LAG21 30 ¼ ¼

BUS 'F' 46 ¼

BUS '0' 30 ¼

BUS 'R' 52 ¼

BUS '0' 30 ¼

BUS 'X' 58 ¼

BUS CR OD ¼ ¼

BUS ACG13 OD ¼ ¼

2.3

Section 2 Getting Started

RENATN

SRQ IFC

LOCATION MESSAGE

EOI

CMD> enter 16;eoi

BUS UNL 3F ¼

BUS LAG21 35 ¼

BUS TAG16 50 ¼

BUS 'N' 4E

BUS 'D' 4D

BUS 'C' 43

BUS 'V' 56

BUS '-' 2D

BUS '0' 30

BUS '0' 30

BUS '0' 30

BUS '.' 2E

BUS '0' 30

BUS '1' 31

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

BUS '5' 35

BUS '6' 36

BUS 'E' 45

BUS '-' 2D

BUS '3' 33

BUS CR OD

BUS TAG16 50

Now, record the bus events by pressing [REC]

recording. You may want to set the handshake selection to FAST or NONE to prevent
the Analyzer488 from affecting the bus transaction speed by pressing

to enable

[FAST]

or

2.4

Section 2 Getting Started

[SHIFT][STEP](

which will select NONE

).

Enter the same commands as before.

After issuing the commands, press

[VIEW]

to view the record memory. To scroll through the record memory locations,

press [↑]

or

[REC]

[↓].

to disable recording and then press

Refer to paragraph 3.7 for more examples of how to use the front panel of the
Analyzer488.

2.3 Configuration

Configuration of the Analyzer488 operating mode is accomplished at power-up.
The default operatin g mode and specific parameters for that mode, such as IEEE 488
bus and RS232 serial port parameters and terminators can be set. Once configuration
parameters are set, they become the power-on default values for the Analyzer488.

Pressing and holding the

[SETUP]

key while turning on the rear panel ON/OFF

switch invokes menus that use the front panel display and keyboard to set various
operating mode parameters. Use the

or use the [0] - [9] keys for numeric data. Press

[EXIT]

Pressing

when parameters are set, or press

[EXIT]

will use all parameters that have been selected using

[↑]

and

[ESC]

keys to scroll through parameters

[↓]

[ENTER]

to select a parameter, press

to abort the configuration session.

[ENTER]

and

will leave the configuration menus with any remaining parameters unchanged.

The following menus are used for configuration. Press

[ENTER]

between

displays to advance to the next menu.

EOI

Press

[ENTER]

LOCATION MESSAGE

Config Reset? No

RENATN

SRQ IFC

to skip reset.
Press

[ENTER]

Config Reset? Yes

to reset factory default parameters

2.5

Section 2 Getting Started

Press [ENTER]

for Front Panel Mode

Press [ENTER]

for Serial Controller Mode

Press [ENTER

for Instrument Simulator Mode

If Front Panel Mode is selected, configuration ends. The following displays are
used only for Serial Controller Mode and Instrument Simulator Mode.

The default IEEE 488 bus address

is displayed in decimal.

Change the bus address

using the data entry and cursor keys.

The default IEEE bus terminators

are displayed

]

Config? Front Panel
Config? Serial
Config? Simulator

IEEE488 Address? 10
IEEE488 Address? 21

Bus Terms? CR LF

Change IEEE bus terminators

using the cursor keys

Bus Terms? CR
Bus Terms? LF
Bus Terms? LF CR

If Instrument Simulator Mode is selected, configuration ends. The following
displays are used only for Serial Controller Mode.

The default serial port baud rate

is displayed.

Change the baud rate

using the cursor keys.

Serial Baud? 9600
Serial Baud? 300

Serial Baud? 600
Serial Baud? 1200
Serial Baud? 2400
Serial Baud? 4800
Serial Baud? 19200

2.6

Section 2 Getting Started

The default selection for data bits

is displayed.

Change the number of data bits

using the cursor keys.

The default selection for number of

stop bits is displayed.

Change the number of stop bits

using the cursor keys.

The default selection for parity

is displayed.

Change the parity

using the cursor keys.

The default handshaking selection

is displayed.

Serial Data Bits? 8
Serial Data Bits? 7
Serial Stop Bits? 2
Serial Stop Bits? 1
Serial Parity? None
Serial Parity? Even
Serial Parity? Odd

Serial Ctrl?XON/XOFF

Change the handshake selection

using the cursor keys.

The default echo mode

is displayed.

Change the echo mode

using the cursor keys.

The default serial terminator

is displayed.

Change serial terminators

using the cursor keys.

When configuration is finished

is displayed.

Serial Ctrl? RTS/CTS

Serial Echo? No
Serial Echo? Yes

Serial Terms CR
Serial Terms? LF

Serial Terms? LF CR
Serial Terms? CR LF
Serial Controller

2.7

Section 2 Getting Started

2.4 Detailed Operation

This section describes the operation of the Analyzer488 hardware. It includes
terminology, a description of the IEEE 488 bus handshaking control, bus recording
with and without triggering, time and rate measurement, and analyzing results.

2.4.1 Analyzer488 Terminology

Asserted The "asserted" state of a signal is the logical true state of

that signal regardless of whether high true or low true logic
is being used.

Unasserted The "unasserted" state of a signal is the logical false state of

that signal regardless of whether high true or low true logic
is being used.

Bus State The logical state of the IEEE 488 bus data lines,

management lines and handshake lines.

Bus Lines Refers to the five bus management lines, three handshake

lines, and eight bus data lines. The management lines are
Attention (ATN), Interface Clear (IFC), Remote Enable
(REN), End or Identify (EOI), and Service Request (SRQ).

Bus Handshake Used to refer to the three-wire IEEE 488 bus handshake

lines. The handshake lines are Data Available (DAV), Not
Ready for Data (NRFD), and Not Data Accepted (NDAC).

Bus Event A bus event is a transaction on the bus. The term "bus

event" indicates an action on the bus that will force the
Analyzer488 to record the bus state. These events include
asserting DAV, asserting IFC, and asserting EOI after
asserting ATN (Parallel Poll). Bus events are sensed in an
edge-sensitive manner. If a bus event occurs, subsequent
bus events cannot be recorded until the first bus event
terminates, i.e. if IFC is asserted, assertion of the DAV
signal will not be recognized until IFC is unasserted.

2.8

Section 2 Getting Started

Bus Error A bus error occurs when a talker on the IEEE 488 bus

attempts to transfer data by asserting the DAV signal and
finds that the NRFD and NDAC han dshake sig nals are both
unasserted, indicating no listeners are present. The
Analyzer488 is capable of recording bus errors.

Bus Record The bus events that the Analyzer488 records are stored as

bus records. These records include the state of the bus data
lines and bus management lines. The Analyzer488 does not
record the state of the bus handshake lines directly, but
records a single bit which signifies whether or not a bus
error occurred on the event. Additionally, a bit indicating
the position of a trigger point and a Not Empty indicator bit
are recorded.

2.4.2 Handshaking and Controlling the Speed of the Bus

When connected to an IEEE 488 bus, the Analyzer488 is capable of
participating in, or not participating in, the bus three-wire handshake. The
Analyzer488 handshaking is used with all Analyzer488 bus operations
including viewing, recording, and controlling events on the IEEE 488 bus.
When participating, the Analyzer488 acts as either a source (Talker) or
acceptor (Listener). When not participating in handshaking (

NONE

handshake selection), the Analyzer488 monitors the bus without affecting
bus transfer rates or appearing to be a listener.

Three general data transfer rates may be used for both source and
acceptor handshaking. The three rates are defined as Fast (up to 1
MegaByte/Second), Slow (1 to 10 Bytes/Second) and Step (single-step
operation).

The Fast handshake selection allows the Analyzer488 to perform data
transfers on the IEEE 488 bus at the maximum transfer rate of the bus, 1
MegaByte/Second. Slow handshaking and Step handshaking allow the
Analyzer488 to control the speed of bus transfers on the IEEE 488 bus at
rates below 10 Bytes/Second.

When configured as a Talker, the Analyzer488 will assert the DAV
line when set to Step handshaking. It will assert DAV from 1 to 10 times a
second if Slow handshaking is used. When configured as a Listener, the

2.9

Section 2 Getting Started

Analyzer488 unasserts the bus NDAC line for each Step, or from 1 to 10
times a second if Slow handshaking is used.

If the Analyzer488 is to talk or listen on the bus it must be in one of
the handshake modes, Fast, Slow, or Step. To view the data transactions on
the bus as they occur, either Slow or Step handshaking speeds may be used.
If the Analyzer488 is used to control the flow of data on the bus, then Step
handshaking must be used to hold off and step through bus transactions.

If the Analyzer488 is used to monitor an active bus at full speed,
either Fast handshaking or no handshaking (None) may be used. If the
Analyzer488 is used to detect bus errors, it must be used with None
handshake otherwise the Analyzer488 will complete a handshake on the bus
when a bus error would normally occur.

2.4.3 Bus Recording System

The bus recording system is used to record bus events for later
analysis. When recording is enabled, the Analyzer488 stores the state of the
bus data lines and bus management lines, the bus error state, the state of the
trigger signal, and a Not Empty flag into record memory when bus events
occur on the IEEE 488 bus. The Analyzer488 can record 32,768 bus events
at a maximum rate of 1 MegaByte/second.

The record memory in the Analyzer488 is organized as a circular
buffer. If more than 32,768 bus events occur while recording, only the
latest 32,768 bus events will be stored, the earlier recorded events are
overwritten.

The recording system is enabled and disabled by a simple command or
keypress and may operate with any of the handshake selections. Bus events
cause the Analyzer488 to record regardless of their source. If the
Analyzer488 is talking while recording is enabled, these bus events will be
recorded.

The recording system includes a trigger mechanism which may be
used to automatically disable recording or switch the handshake selection to
Step upon satisfying specified conditions. The trigger system is described
in more detail in section 2.4.6.

2.10

Section 2 Getting Started

2.4.4 Recording Statistics

While recording, the Analyzer488 maintains various statistics about
the number of bus events which have occurred and the position of particular
bus events within the Analyzer488 record memory. When recording is first
enabled these statistics are reset to zero or set to default values.

The statistics include the following:

Total number of bus events which have occurred 0 to 99,999,999
Total number of bus events in memory 0 to 32,768
Total number of bus events which occurred prior 0 to 99,999,999

to the trigger event

Total number of bus events in memory which 0 to 32,767

occurred prior to the trigger point event

Total number of bus events which occurred after 0 to 99,999,999

the trigger signal

Total number of bus records in memory which 0 to 32,767

occurred after the trigger point event
Location of the earliest recorded bus record 0 to 32767 or invalid
Location of the last recorded bus record 0 to 32767 or invalid
Location of the trigger point event 0 to 32767 or invalid

2.4.5 Statistics Formulas

The total number of bus events can exceed the record memory size of the
Analyzer488. The Analyzer488 will count up to 99,999,999 bus events before
resetting the statistics. The maximum total number of recorded events is 32,768,
the size of the record memory. Below are simple equations showing how the
Total Event and Total number of recorded events are computed. In each
equation, the trigger point counts as one event.

2.11

Section 2 Getting Started

Total events = events prior to trigger + trigger point + total after trigger
Total records = records prior to trigger + trigger point + total after trigger

2.4.6 Trigger System

Triggering may be used while recording bus events to either halt the
IEEE 488 bus or to stop recording after a specific bus event occurs. This
feature is especially useful if more than 32,768 bus events occur while
recording. By either stopping the IEEE 488 bus or disabling recording, the
trigger system ensures that bus events of interest will not be overwritten by
subsequent bus events.

To use the trigger system to record bus events, a trigger point (a
specific bus state) must first be defined. Also, the number of matches to
skip before recording, the number of events to delay after the specified
number of matches, the number of events to record after the delay, and a
trigger complete action must be specified.

The trigger system is enabled (armed) and disabled (disarmed) by a
command or keypress. The arming mechanism resets the trigger system
counters, the trigger output signal, and partially enables the trigger system.
However, if the recording system is not also enabled, bus events will be
ignored by the trigger system. When recording and triggering are both
enabled, the Analyzer488 will record bus events and monitor them for the
trigger event.

The trigger system is composed of five stages. These stages are
listed below and shown pictorally in the following flowchart:

1. The Match Pattern (State of Data and Bus Management lines)

2. The Number of Occurrences of the trigger Match Pattern (Match Count)

3. The Number of events to count after the specified number of occurrences
of the match pattern have been found. (Trigger Delay)

4. The Number of events to count after the Trigger Delay count is
decremented to zero. (Post Count)

5. The action of the Analyzer488 after the specified number of events have
been recorded (When Complete action)

2.12

Section 2 Getting Started

Start

Trigger

Sequence

Get the
Bus State
and Store

Bus State =

Match State

?

YES

Decrement

Match

Count

Match Count

= Zero ?

Trigger Delay

= zero ?

NO

NO

YES

Post Trigger
Count = zero

?

Trigger

Complete

Stop?

Disable

Recording

NO

Get the
Bus State
and Store

Decrement

Trigger

Delay

Bus State
and Store

Decrement

Post Trigger

NO

Get the

Count

Trigger Sequence Flow Chart

Figure #1

2.13

NO

Force Step

Handshaking

End

Trigger

Sequence

Section 2 Getting Started

The first stage of the trigger system is the match comparator stage.
This stage compares the bus state to a specified match state for each bus
event. If a match is detected, this stage sends a signal to the next stage and
also to the CMP output on the Analyzer488 rear panel card edge connector.
The match state is composed of 8 bus data bits, 5 bus management bits, and
1 bit which signifies whether or not a bus error occurred during the event.
Each bit may be set to 0 (unasserted), 1 (asserted), or x (don't care).

The second stage of the trigger system is the match count stage. This
stage counts the number of matches found in the match comparator stage.
When a specified number of matches has occurred, this stage sends a signal
to the next stage.

The third stage of the trigger system is the delay count stage. After
this stage receives a signal from the match count stage, it counts bus events.
When a specified number of bus events has occurred, this stage marks the
trigger point and sends a signal to the next stage and to the trigger output
(the BNC connector) on the rear panel of the Analyzer488.

The fourth stage of the trigger system is the post trigger count stage.
This stage counts the number of bus events occurring after the trigger point.
When a specified number of post trigger events have occurred, the post
trigger count stage generates a signal to the last stage of the trigger system.

The fifth and final stage is the trigger complete stage, which either
disarms the recording system or forces handshaking to Step (leaving
recording enabled) when the required number of post trigger events have
occurred. At this time the trigger system is disabled.

The following illustrations and explanations show three examples
using the trigger system.

2.14

Section 2 Getting Started

Record

and
Trigger
Enabled

Buffer Location0 32k16K8K 24k

Word

Match

Trigger

Point

Example #1 Simple trigger word match

Match Word = LAG10, Match Count = 1, Trigger Delay = 0,

Post Count = 32767 and Trigger Complete Action is Stop

Disar
Recor

and

Trigg

For the diagram shown above, the trigger event was defined as follows:
Match Word = LAG10 (Listen Address Group 10), Match Count =
1,Trigger Delay = 0, Post Count = 32767, and Trigger Complete Action =
Stop.

Once the trigger event was defined, recording and triggering were enabled.
The Analyzer488 began recording bus transactions, comparing each event
with the defined match word. As soon as the match word was found, the
Analyzer488 began counting and recording bus events until 32767 events
were recorded. At that time, recording was disabled. The diagram shows
that the event marked as the trigger point is stored in location 0 and the last
event recorded is stored in location 32767.

2.15

Section 2 Getting Started

Arm

Record

and

Trigger

Trigger

Match

0 32k16K8K 24k

Trigger

Match

Trigger

Match

Example # 2 Counted trigger word match with Pre-trigger

Match Word = LAG10, Match Count = 3, Trigger Delay = 0,

Post Trigger Count = 24576 and Trigger Complete Action is Stop

Trigger

Point

Buffer Location

Disarm
Record

and

Trigger

For the diagram shown above, the trigger event was defined as follows:
Match Word = LAG10 (Listen Address Group 10), Match Count =
3,Trigger Delay = 0, Post Count = 24576, and Trigger Complete Action =
Stop.

Once the trigger event was defined, recording and triggering were then
enabled. The Analyzer488 began recording bus transactions, comparing
each event with the defined match word. Each time the match word was
found, the Match Count was decremented. When the Match Count was
decremented to zero, the Analyzer488 began counting and recording bus
events until 24576 events were recorded. At that time, recording was
disabled. The diagram shows that the event marked as the trigger point is
stored at location 8192 and the last event recorded is stored in location

32767.

2.16

Section 2 Getting Started

Disarm

Arm

Record

and

Trigger

Trigger

Buffer Location 0 32k16K8K 24k

Trigger

Match

Match

Delay

Started

Example # 3 Counted trigger word match with Delay

Match Word = LAG10, Match Count = 2, Trigger Delay = 32768,

Post Trigger Count = 32768 and Trigger Complete Action is Step

Delay
Finished

Trigger

Point

Trigge

and

Set Ste

Handsh

For the diagram shown above, the trigger event was defined as follows:
Match Word = LAG10 (Listen Address Group 10), Match Count =
2,Trigger Delay = 32768, Post Count = 32768, and Trigger Complete
Action = Step.

Once the trigger event was defined, recording and triggering were then
enabled. The Analyzer488 began recording bus transactions, comparing
each event with the defined match word. Each time the match word was
found, the Match Count was decremented. When the Match Count was
decremented to zero, the Analyzer488 began counting and recording bus
events until 32768 events were counted. At that time, the trigger event was
marked and recording continued until 32768 events were recorded. At that
time,recording was still enabled and the handshake circuitry was set to step
mode, halting bus transactions until a step command was issued. The
diagram shows that the event marked as the trigger point is stored at
location 0. The last event recorded in this case will be the last event
recorded before recording was disabled by issuing a command or by a
keypress.

2.17

Section 2 Getting Started

2.4.7 Time and Rate Measurements

The Analyzer488 provides statistics of time and rate measurements of
previous bus transactions. It reports the post-trigger time period, the
number of bus events that occured during that time period, and the
effective transfer rate.

When the Analyzer488 records bus transactions using triggering, it
measures the length of time between the trigger point and the last post­count event recorded. This measurement is made with a resolution of two
microseconds (2 µsec).

The number of bytes recorded is divided by the post-trigger time
period the to calculate an effective transfer rate of bus transactions in bytes
per second.

2.4.8 Analyzing Bus Records

The record memory of the Analyzer488 contains information about
the state of the IEEE 488 bus for each bus event that occurred while
recording was enabled. For each event, the state of the bus management
lines and data lines is preserved. Also, status information is retained,
including whether the event data is valid, whether the event is a trigger
point, and if the event occurred during a bus error.

The Analyzer488 provides facilities for retrieving the bus records,
searching for specific bus records and assigning logical addresses to the
bus records. Part or all of the record memory may be printed using a serial
or IEEE 488 printer. Additionally, the Analyzer488 provides options for
erasing and resetting the record memory.

2.5 Rear Panel Description

The rear panel of the Analyzer488 gives access to bus signals and simple hook-

up to peripherals. The following connectors are provided and described below:

2.18

Section 2 Getting Started

View of the Analyzer488 Rear Panel

POWER

On/Off Switch

TRIG

OUT

Power Supply
Connector

RS-232

IOtech, Inc.

RS-232 Serial Port

GND

CMP

DAV

NDAC

NFRD

BUS TEST POINTS

REN

IFC

Comparator Output

ATN

SRQ

EOI

Made in U.S.A

DIO8

DIO7

DIO6

DIO5

DIO4

Unbuffered IEEE 488 Test PointsTrigger Output BNC

DIO3

DIO2

DIO1

IEEE 488

GND

IEEE 488 Port

1. On/Off switch - Depress the power switch to apply power to the
Analyzer488.

2. Power Supply connector - Plug the cable from the external power supply
into this jack.

3. Trigger Output - When the trigger point event is recorded by the
Analyzer488, the trigger output will transition from a low (0) to a high (1)
logic level and stay high.

4. RS-232 Port - Connect a 9 pin RS-232 cable to this connector to use the
Analyzer488 with a serial host or serial printer.

5. Edge Card Connector - All IEEE 488 bus lines are brought out to this
connector for use with an oscilloscope or logic analyzer. Also a compare
(CMP) output is provided that pulses whenever the trigger match pattern
appears on the bus

6. IEEE 488 Connector - Connect a standard IEEE 488 cable to this
connector to use the Analyzer488 with other bus devices.

2.19

Section 2 Getting Started

2.5.1 Edge Card Connector

The edge card connector allows easy monitoring of particular IEEE
488 bus lines with an oscilloscope, logic probe, or logic analyzer. Also a
compare (CMP) output is provided that pulses whenever the trigger match
pattern appears on the bus. These signals are not buffered and are
connected directly to the corresponding pins on the IEEE 488 connector.

View of Edge Card Connector

DAV

NDAC

CMP

GND

Handshake

Comp

SRQ

ATN

REN

NFRD

IFC

Command

EOI

DIO8

DIO7

DIO6

DIO5

Data

DIO4

DIO3

DIO2

DIO1

GND

2.5.2 Serial Port Description

The Analyzer488 is equipped with a standard DB-9S connector on its
rear panel and requires a standard DB-9P mating connector. The
Analyzer488 connector is configured as DCE type equipment for RS-232
communications, which means the Analyzer488 always transmits data on
Pin 3 and receives data on Pin 2. The following paragraph lists and
describes the RS-232 signals provided on the Analyzer488.

2.20

Section 2 Getting Started

View of the Analyzer488 Serial Connector

DTR

-TXD

-RXD

1

GND

5

6

-RxD Receive Data - Input - Pin 2

This pin accepts serial data sent by the RS-232 host. The serial
data is expected with the word length, baud rate, stop bits and
parity selected by the internal switches. The signal level is low
true.

-TxD

Transmit Data - Output - Pin 3
This pin transmits serial data to the RS-232 host. The serial data
is sent with the word length, baud rate, stop bits and parity
selected by the internal switches. The signal level is low true.

DTR

Data Terminal Ready - Ouptut - Pin 4
The

output is connected directly to + 9 volts.

DTR

CTS

RTS

9

Gnd

RTS

Ground - Pin 5
This pin sets the ground reference point for the other RS-232
inputs and outputs.

Request To Send - Output - Pin 7
The

output is used as a hardware handshake line to prevent

RTS

the RS-232 host from transmitting serial data if the Analyzer488 is
not ready to accept it. When
Analyzer488 will drive the

RTS

RTS/CTS

output high when there are greater

handshake is selected, the

than 1000 character locations available in its internal buffer. If the
number of available locations drops to less than 1000, the
Analyzer488 will un-assert (low) this output. If

2.21

XON/XOFF

Section 2 Getting Started

handshake is selected, the

line will be permanently driven

RTS

active high.

CTS

Clear To Send - Input - Pin 8
The

input is used as a hardware handshake line to prevent the

CTS

Analyzer488 from transmitting serial data when the RS-232 host is
not ready to accept it. When

RTS/CTS

the internal switches, the Analyzer488 will not transmit data out

while this line is un-asserted (low). If the RS-232 host is not

TxD

capable of driving this line it can be connected to the
output (Pin 6) of the Analyzer488. If
selected, the

line is not tested to determine if it can transmit

CTS

handshake is selected on

Vtest

XON/XOFF

handshake is

-

data.

2.5.3 Serial Cable Wiring Diagrams

If a cable was not purchased with the interface, the following diagrams
will be helpful in making your own cable. Simple soldering skills and an
attention to detail will ensure successful construction. Refer to the Serial
Controller section of this manual for complete information on using the
Analyzer488 with serial devices.

IBM PC/XT/PS2 to An alyzer488 Wiring Diagram

IBM PC/XT/PS2 to Analyzer488

DB-25 Female

-TxD

-RxD
RTS
CTS
DSR

Gnd

2
3
4
5
6
7 5 Gnd

DB-9 Female

2

-RxD

3

-TxD

8

CTS

7

RTS

4

DTR

2.22

Section 2 Getting Started

IBM AT to Analyzer488 Wiring Diagram

IBM AT to Analyzer488

DB-9 Female

DCD

-RxD

-TxD
DTR

Gnd
DSR
RTS
CTS

Note: Standard AT 9 Pin to 25 Pin adapter cables are not wired as shown above and will
not work with the Analyzer488. Order IOtech Part Number CA-47.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

DB-9 Female

3

-TxD

2

-RxD

5

Gnd

8 CTS
7 RTS

WARNING
The Analyzer488 makes its earth ground
connection through the serial interface cable. It
should only be connected to IEEE bus devices
after being first connected to the host. Failure to
do so may allow the Analyzer488 to float to a
bus device test voltage. This could result in
damage to the interface, personal injury or
death.

2.23

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

Front Panel Operation

3.1 Introduction

This section contains a detailed explanation of the front panel operation
of the Analyzer488 IEEE 488 Bus Analyzer. It contains information
regarding setup, configuration, an explanation of how to use the front panel,
and a detailed description of all the keys and LED indicators.

3.2 Description

Front panel operation of the Analyzer488 provides simple, portable,
bench-top access to all of the Analyzer488's features. Two display modes,
bus display mode and memory view mode, show the state of the IEEE 488
bus or the contents of record memory. The front panel display shows bus
messages and bus data in either hexadecimal and ASCII format or in binary
format. Front panel LED indicators show bus signal states and Analyzer488
states at a glance. Command keys, menu keys, and edit keys provide
functions to monitor, record, and analyze bus activity.

Analyzer488

IEEE 488 Bus Analyzer

HANDSHAKE

FAST SLOW STEP LISTEN TALK EOI ATN SRQ REN IFC

ERASE ZERO

+TRIGGER -TRIGGER FIND

STAT SETUP ARM

DISPLAY MEASURE

RATE NONE

MEMORY

SEARCH

TRIGGER

SET REL

NEXTLASTFIRST

HEX

REN

BUS

MEMORY

RECORD

SOURCE

SHIFT

CURSOR

BIN

LOCATION MESSAGE

PRINT

4

1

0

DATA ENTRY

2

F

+/-

ATN

SRQ IFC

EOI

LSB

CONTROL

B56

3C

D ENTERE

SAVEHELP

NRFD

NDAC

DAV

ESCA897VIEW REC REL

EXIT

3.1

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

3.3 Setup

Up to 14 IEEE devices

IEEE

Devices

IEEE

Analyzer488

To setup the Analyzer488 for front panel operation, connect it to the
IEEE 488 bus through the IEEE 488 bus connector. In front panel operation,
the Analyzer488 can operate as a low-level system controller or as a monitor
to view bus events.

Up to 13 IEEE devices

IEEE

Devices

IEEE
controller

IEEE

Analyzer488

3.4 Configuration

Configuration of the Analyzer488 is accomplished at power up. Once
configured, the configuration parameters are stored in nonvolatile RAM and
used as the default configuration when the Analyzer488 is powered on. To
configure the Analyzer488 for front panel operation, press the

[SETUP]

key
while turning on the power. Menus on the front panel display show the
configuration options:

Factory Config? No

This menu is used to reset factory default values for all parameters or to

skip reset to change only a few. Press the

or No. Press

Yes

[ENTER]

to choose.

[↑]

or

cursor keys to select

[↓]

Config? Front Panel

Press

This menu prompts for the default operating mode of the Analyzer488.

[ENTER]

to select front panel operation.

3.2

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

3.5 Display Panel

The display panel of the Analyzer488 contains a 20 character
alphanumeric vacuum fluorescent display and LED indicators. The display
panel shows the state of the bus, the contents of record memory, and status,
help and other messages. LED indicators show the display mode and the state
of the handshaking lines.

Analyzer488

IEEE 488 Bus Analyzer

ATN

BUS

MEMORY

LOCATION MESSAGE

EOI

REN

S

IFC
R
Q

NRFD

NDAC

RECORD

3.5.1 Alphanumeric Display

-LOCATION-

The

-LOCATION-

location addresses when in the memory view mode
(

MEMORY

LED on), or the message
display mode (
means that the location is a trigger point. A
that relative addressing format is used. Note that when
recording (

RECORD

might change. See paragraph 3.7 for examples.

address in the record memory

indicates a trigger point

T

indicates relative addressing

+

area shows either record memory

LED on). A

BUS

LED on), the

LSB

when in the bus

BUS

in the first column

T

or - means

+

-LOCATION-

LOCATION

area

00008
T00055
+00001

DAV

indicates relative addressing

-

bus

-MESSAGE- The

indicates bus display mode

-MESSAGE-

area displays bus data in bus message

3.3

-00002
BUS

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

LSB

and hexadecimal format, or in binary format.

MESSAGE-

memory location has been used. If hexadecimal format
is used, the IEEE 488 bus command and hexadecimal
value are shown. If binary format is used, the state of
each data line is shown with a
unasserted. Flashing digits mean that the actual state of
the data lines is different from the driven state. See
paragraph 3.7 for examples.

Hexadecimal format

Binary format
ASCII data
Not recorded

The Least Significant Bit marker,
significant bit of binary data when binary data format is
selected.

also shows ASCII data and if the record

if asserted, and a 0 if

1

MESSAGE

LAG20 34
00110100
'!'
empty

, shows the least

LSB

-

EOI The

Identify (EOI) bus management line. It does not
necessarily indicate the driven state. A

the line is asserted, blank means that the line is
unasserted.

ATN The ATN digit indicates the actual state of the Attention

(ATN) bus management line. It does not necessarily
indicate the driven state. A

asserted, blank means that the line is unasserted.

SRQ The SRQ digit indicates the actual state of the Service

Request (SRQ) bus management line. It does not
necessarily indicate the driven state. A

the line is asserted, blank means that the line is
unasserted.

REN The REN digit indicates the actual state of the Remote

digit indicates the actual state of the End or

EOI

indicates that

¼

indicates that the line is

¼

indicates that

¼

3.4

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

Enable (REN) bus management line. It does not
necessarily indicate the driven state. A

indicates that

¼

the line is asserted, blank means that the line is
unasserted.

IFC

The

digit indicates the actual state of the Interface

IFC

Clear (IFC) bus management line. It does not necessarily
indicate the driven state. A

indicates that the line is

¼

asserted, blank means that the line is unasserted.

3.5.2 Front Panel LED Indicators

LED indicators on the front panel show the current display mode,
a recording ON LED, and the state of the three handshaking lines.

BUS

The

LED indicates that the Analyzer488 is in the bus

BUS

display mode, displaying information directly from the IEEE
488 bus. Changing the display mode is accomplished by
using the

[VIEW]

key.

MEMORY

RECORD

NFRD

NDAC

The

MEMORY

LED indicates that the Analyzer488 is in the
memory view mode, displaying information from the record
memory. Changing the display mode is accomplished by
using the

The

RECORD

[VIEW]

key.

LED indicates that the Analyzer488 is

recording bus events into the record memory.
The

NFRD

LED indicates the logical state of the Not Ready
for Data (NRFD) handshaking line. The LED is on when the
NFRD line is asserted. This LED indicates the real-time state
of the bus, even when viewing recorded data.

The

NDAC

LED indicates the state of the Not Data Accepted
(NDAC) handshaking line. The LED is on when the NDAC
line is asserted. This LED indicates the real-time state of the
bus, even when viewing recorded data.

3.5

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

DAV

The

LED indicates the state of the Data Valid (DAV)

DAV

handshaking line. The LED is on when the DAV line is
asserted. This LED indicates the real-time state of the bus,
even when viewing recorded data.

3.5.3 Bus Display Mode

Bus display mode is the default display mode of the Analyzer488.
In normal operation, with the
the front panel display shows the word:
the

-MESSAGE-

LED is on),

area of the display. When recording events (

-LOCATION-

shows the next record memory location that

will be used to record bus events. The

LED on, the

BUS

-LOCATION-

, followed by bus data in

BUS

-MESSAGE-

area still shows

area of

RECORD

the actual state of the bus data lines.

When the Analyzer488 is in the Talk state (
actual state of the data lines shown in the

TALK

-MESSAGE-

LED is on), the

area may not
be the same as the driven state, shown by the keyboard LED indicators.
If the actual state of the data lines is different from the driven state, the
bus data in the

-MESSAGE-

area will flash. If hexadecimal format is
used, the hexadecimal value will flash. If binary format is used, the
digits that represent the individual lines that are different will flash.

3.5.4 Memory View Mode

Memory view mode is used to examine record memory. In

normal operation, with the

MEMORY

LED on, the

-LOCATION-

area
shows a record memory location address and corresponding bus data in
the

-MESSAGE-

LOCATION-

the current memory location is overwritten, the

area. When recording events (

RECORD

LED is on),

-

does not change, recording goes on in the background. If

-MESSAGE-

area will

change to show the new bus event that was recorded into the location.

3.6 Keyboard

The front panel keyboard contains 46 pushbutton keys and 14 LED

indicators. Command keys provide immediate actions, menu keys give menu

3.6

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

selections, and edit keys let you enter and change data selections. Keystroke
macros can be saved and recalled. Keyboard LED indicators show
handshaking settings, record memory functions, data source state, and the
driven state of the bus management lines.

HANDSHAKE

FAST SLOW STEP LISTEN TALK EOI ATN SRQ REN IFC

ERASE ZERO

+TRIGGER -TRIGGER FIND

STAT SETUP ARM

DISPLAY MEASURE

RATE NONE

MEMORY

SEARCH

TRIGGER

SET REL

NEXTLASTFIRST

HEX

BIN

SOURCE

SHIFT

CURSOR

PRINT

CONTROL

DATA ENTRY

ESCA897VIEW REC REL

4

1

0

2

F

+/-

3C

SAVEHELP

B56

D ENTERE

EXIT

3.6.1 Using the Keyboard

Most keys are labeled with a symbol,

[REC]
[ZERO]

. Some keys have labels on the front panel, below the keys

. To select one of these keys, first press

panel display will show the message:

[EOI]

Shift?

, or a command,

[SHIFT]

. The front

, indicating that the
Analyzer488 is waiting for another keypress. Press the key to complete
the selection. Pressing

[ESC], [EXIT], [ENTER]

, or

[SHIFT]

will
abort the selection. Pressing an unlabeled key will result in an error
message:

Invali d Key Pr ess

.

3.6.2 Using Command Keys

Command keys, like

[EOI], [REC]

, or

[SET REL]

, are
immediate action keys, displaying results on the front panel display or
with LED indicators. Press these keys for the intended action.

3.6.3 Using Menu Keys

Menu keys, like

[SETUP]

data input or information display. Menu keys such as

or

[STAT]

3.7

, use front panel menus for

[SETUP]

,

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

[FIND], [PRINT], [RATE]

, and

[DISPLAY]

menus that display information and require data input.

[MEASURE]

commands use a confirmation prompt.

[SAVE]

display information menus. The

[SHIFT], [HELP]

are special purpose menu keys. Refer to the Key Description

use a sequence of

[STAT]

[ERASE]

and

and

[ZERO]

, and

section for a full description of all the keys and menus.

3.6.4 Using Edit Keys

Data input fields use the

CURSOR-

keys to enter parameters. The hexadecimal data entry keys

are used to input numeric data.

-DATA ENTRY-

and

[↑]

[↓]

between list items, such as baud rates, bus management line states, (
don't care,

- unasserted, and 1 - asserted), hexadecimal bytes

0

keys and the

-

are used to scroll

-

X

(automatically changing corresponding messages), and numeric data,
such as record memory locations or count parameters.

are used in

[SETUP]

Menus can be accepted using

canceled using

[ESC]

the next menu in sequence, if one is used.

and

[FIND]

.

[ENTER]

to move between fields.

[ENTER]

or

[EXIT]

is used to accept data and display

[EXIT]

leaves the menu

[←]

and

[→]

and are

immediately and accepts data in the displayed menu only. Pressing

[EXIT]

Pressing

does not change any parameters in following menus.

[ESC]

aborts menu selections and does not change any menu

parameters.

3.6.5 Saving and Recalling Keystroke Macros

Up to sixteen keystroke macros can be saved and recalled using

the sixteen hexadecimal keys,

[0]

-

, and the

[F]

[SAVE]

key.
Keystroke macros can be used to save any combination of front panel
commands. Keystroke macros can recall repetitive actions, complicated
setups, and even simulate IEEE 488 high-level bus commands using
the low-level front panel commands. Keystroke macros can call other
keystroke macros and can even call itself to loop through repetitive
actions.

To save keystrokes into a keystroke macro, press

message:

Save Macro?

[SAVE]

prompts for a keystroke macro name, one of the

3.8

. A

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

16 hexadecimal keys,
to name the keystroke macro. The message:

[0]

to

. Press one of the hexadecimal keys

[F]

Saving to Macro n

means
that keystrokes are being saved into macro n. Enter the keystrokes,
and press

indicates that the keystroke macro is saved. Pressing

Keys

[EXIT]

[SAVE]

, or

[ENTER]

to stop storing keystrokes. The message

will not abort saving keystrokes. If pressed,

End Saving

[ESC]

those keystrokes will be added to the keystroke macro.

When keystrokes are saved, some of the Analyzer488 control
states are also stored. The state of the control bits, the handshaking
configuration, and the display mode (bus display or memory view) and
format (hexadecimal or binary) are saved.

To recall keystroke macros, press

[SHIFT]

, and at the

SHIFT?

prompt, enter the hexadecimal key that names the keystroke macro.
The message:

Recalling from Macro n

in macro n are controlling the Analyzer488. Pressing
the keystroke macro. A message:

means that the keystrokes stored

will stop

End of Macro

[ESC]

indicates that all

keystrokes have been recalled and the macro is finished.

,

When a keystroke macro is recalled, the Analyzer488 first sets
the display mode, the handshaking configuration, and the state of the
control bits that were stored when the macro was saved.

3.6.6 Getting Help

Help messages for each key can be viewed on the front panel
display. Press

[HELP]

that key. Context sensitive help is also available. Pressing

followed by a key to see a help message for

[HELP]

at
a menu will show a message that describes each data input or
information field. The help message scroll rate can be changed using
the

[DISPLAY]

command.

3.7 Using the Analyzer488 on the IEEE 488 bus

Following are some examples of front panel operation. The first
examples use the Analyzer488 with an IBM PC and an IOtech Personal 488
PC/IEEE Controller using the KYBDCTRL keyboard controller program.

3.9

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

The final examples use the Analyzer488 as an active controller connected to a
Keithley Instruments Model 196 System Digital Multimeter.

3.7.1 Controlling Bus Management and Bus Data Lines

Run the KYBDCTRL keyboard controller program, and turn the
Analyzer488 on. The front panel display will show a typical bus display:

RENATN

SRQ IFC

EOI

¼

BUS

LED on

LOCATION MESSAGE

BUS ACG00 00

The front panel

[EOI], [ATN], [SRQ], [REN]

, and

[IFC]

keys are used to assert and unassert bus management lines. The
corresponding LED indicators show whether the Analyzer488 is
asserting (LED on) or unasserting (LED off) the lines. The

SRQ, REN

, and

of the bus management lines. A

digits on front panel display show the actual state

IFC

indicates that the line is asserted and

•

EOI, ATN

a blank indicates that it is unasserted.

The driven state, as shown by the keyboard LED indicators, and
the actual state, as shown by the digits on the front panel display, might
not be the same. If, for instance, the Analyzer488 is trying to unassert
a line (

LED off) and the controller is asserting the Attention line,

ATN

the LED indicator for that line will be off, but the front panel digit for

will be

ATN

The
of the bus data lines. When the Analyzer488 is in the Talk state (
LED is on), bus data lines are driven by the hexadecimal keys,

, and the

[F]

the

-MESSAGE-

, showing that the line really is asserted.

•

-MESSAGE-

and

[↑]

area on the front panel display shows the state

cursor keys. The actual bus state shown in

[↓]

area may not be the same as the driven state. For

TALK

-

[0]

instance, two devices may be driving the bus at the same time. If the
actual bus state is different from the driven state, the bus data in the

MESSAGE-

area will flash. If hexadecimal format is used, the

-

hexadecimal value will flash. If binary format is used, the digits that
represent the individual lines that are different will flash.

,

3.10

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

3.7.2 Viewing Bus Events

Press

[LISTEN]

to set Listen state
Press

Enter the following commands to the keyboard controller:

CMD> timeout 0
CMD> term out cr
CMD> output 00;test

The display will show:

[SLOW]

to set slow handshaking

(Note that slow handshaking speed is set to 3
bytes/sec at the factory. It can be changed using

[RATE]

.)

The

LISTEN

The

SLOW

LOCATION MESSAGE

LED will light

LED will light.

BUS TAG21 55 ¼

EOI

RENATN

SRQ IFC

¼

BUS UNL 3F ¼
BUS LAG00 20 ¼

BUS 't' 74

BUS 'e' 65

BUS 's' 73
BUS 't' 74
BUS CR 0D ¼

BUS ACG13 0D ¼

Bus events are displayed as they happen; Eight events occurred
on the bus. The ninth display shows that the controller asserted
Attention after the "test" message.
multiline command:

&h0D

(ASCII CR).

ACG13

is the bus message for the

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

3.11

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

Press

[STEP]

The

STEP

LED will light.

to set handshaking to step.

(Note that pressing either

[ENTER]

perform a handshake when

STEP

or

[STEP]

will

handshaking is

selected.)

EOI

CMD> output 00;test

LOCATION MESSAGE

BUS TAG21 55 ¼

This display shows that one event has taken place. Pressing

[STEP]
[STEP]

to set handshaking also performs a single handshake. Press
8 times to step through and display the same events as shown

above.

Press

[FAST]

The

FAST

LED will light.

to set handshaking to fast.

RENATN

SRQ IFC

¼

EOI

¼

CMD> output 00;test

LOCATION MESSAGE

BUS ACG13 OD ¼

RENATN

SRQ IFC

The same events occurred on the bus, but the the transactions were

too fast to view.

Press

[NONE]

All handshaking LEDs will be off.

to turn handshaking off.

EOI

¼

CMD> output 00;test

LOCATION MESSAGE

BUS SCG20 74 ¼

RENATN

SRQ IFC

ERROR 09: TIME OUT OR BUS ERROR ON WRITE

An error occurred because no listener was present. The controller

asserted Attention to talk and presented 't' on the bus. The bus message,

SCG20

, is the multiline command,

&h74

, the hex value of ASCII 't'.

3.12

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

3.7.3 Recording Bus Events

Use the same keyboard controller program to record a test

sequence of events on the bus.

RENATN

SRQ IFC

LOCATION MESSAGE

EOI

Press

[ERASE][ENTER]

:

Erase Memory? Yes

to erase record memory

Press

[FAST] FAST

LED lights

to set bus handshaking to fast.

Press

[REC] REC

and

RECORD

LED lights

to start recording

LOCATION MESSAGE

EOI

00000 SCG20 74 ¼

CMD> output 00;test

This display means that eight events were recorded. The controller
asserted Attention after the "test" message and
message for the multiline command

Press

[REC] REC

to turn recording off

00008 ACG13 0D ¼

ACG13

&h0D

and

LOCATION MESSAGE

(ASCII CR).

RECORD

LED off

is the bus

EOI

RENATN

SRQ IFC

¼

¼

RENATN

SRQ IFC

BUS ACG13 OD ¼

This display shows that the Analyzer488 is again in the bus display
mode,

&h0D

management lines are asserted.

is on the bus, and the Attention and Remote Enable bus

3.13

¼

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

3.7.4 Viewing Recorded Bus Events

To look at the events that were just recorded,
Press

[VIEW]

The first controller command,
location 0.

eight times

Press

[↑]

to see the rest:

The

VIEW

LOCATION MESSAGE

and

MEMORY

LEDs will light

EOI

00000 TAG21 55 ¼

TAG21

LOCATION MESSAGE

, is stored in record memory

EOI

00001 UNL 3F ¼
00002 LAG00 20 ¼
00003 't' 74 ¼
00004 'e' 65
00005 's' 73
00006 't' 74
00007 CR OD¼

RENATN

SRQ IFC

¼

RENATN

SRQ IFC

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

00008 empty - - - -

3.7.5 Using Triggers

The following example shows how to set up a trigger, record some
bus data, view the record memory, search the record memory, and
review recording statistics. To set up a trigger point, press
to configure the trigger parameters:

LOCATION MESSAGE

Press

[→][2][0][→][1]

Match? LAG00 20X1XXX

[ENTER]

to match

&h20

(LAG00)

[SETUP]

RENATN

SRQ IFC

EOI

3.14

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

with

ATN

asserted,

and continue

Press

[2][ENTER]

to trigger on the second match

Press

[6][ENTER]

to delay 6 events after

the trigger point

Press

[2][2][ENTER]

to capture 22 events

after the trigger point

Press

[ENTER]

to stop recording when

the trigger sequence is

completed
Press

[FAST] FAST

to set handshaking to fast

SRQ IFC

LOCATION MESSAGE

EOI

# of Matches? 00002
Trig Delay? 0000006

Post Count? 00022

When Completed? Stop

LED lights

RENATN

Press

[ARM] ARM

LED lights

to enable the trigger system
Press

[REC] REC

LED lights,

LED starts to flash

ARM

to start recording
Enter the following controller commands at the PC keyboard:

cmd> output 01;Analyzer488 trigger test
cmd> output 00;Pretrigger data
cmd> output 00;Here !
cmd> output 00;Post trigger data

The

LED stops flashing when the trigger point is found (!). It

ARM

remains on until the post trigger sequence is complete. When the
trigger sequence is finished, both the

REC

and

LED turn off.

ARM

3.15

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

3.7.6 Viewing the Triggered Bus Events

RENATN

SRQ IFC

LOCATION MESSAGE

EOI

Press

Press

Press

Press

Press

Press

3.7.7 Using Relative Addressing

Press

[VIEW]

to view record memory

[FIRST]

to view the first location

[+TRIGGER]

to view the trigger point

[LAST]

to view the last location

[FIRST]

to return to the first location

and [↓] to view the bus events:

[↑]

[LAST]

to view the last location

00000 TAG21 55 ¼
00000 TAG21 55 ¼
T00055 '!' 21
00077 CR 0D¼
00000 TAG21 55 ¼

LOCATION MESSAGE

00077 CR 0D¼

EOI

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

RENATN

SRQ IFC

¼

Press

Press

Press

Press

Press

[-TRIGGER]

to find the trigger point

[SET REL]

to set the location pointer

[REL]

to select relative addressing

[↑]

to advance one location

[↓][↓]

to retreat two locations

T00055 '!' 21
Reference Set

T00000 '!' 21
+00001 CR 0D¼

-00001 ' ' 20

3.16

¼

¼

¼

¼

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

3.7.8 Reviewing Recording Status

RENATN

SRQ IFC

LOCATION MESSAGE

EOI

Press

[STAT]

Then press

7 times to see all the

statistics

[ENTER]

Total Count 00000078
Recorded 00078
Pre Count 00000055
Pre Recorded 00055
Post Count 00000022
Post Recorded 00022
Trigger 00055
First 00000
Last 00077

3.7.9 Searching Record Memory

LOCATION MESSAGE

Press

Press

[FIRST]

to find the first location

[FIND]

-00055 TAG21 55 ¼
Find? + UNL 3FX1XXX

EOI

RENATN

SRQ IFC

¼

[→][→][3][F]

[→][↑][↑]

to setup to find

with

UNL

Press

Press

Press

[ENTER]

to find the first

[NEXT]

to find the second

[NEXT]

to find the third

ATN

asserted

UNL

UNL

UNL

-00054 UNL 3F ¼

-00026 UNL 3F ¼

-00007 UNL 3F ¼

¼

¼

¼

3.17

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

RENATN

SRQ IFC

LOCATION MESSAGE

EOI

Press

Press

Press

Press

3.7.10 Printing Record Memory

Refer to the
for your printer.

Press

[LAST]

to find the last location

[FIND][+/-]

to search backwards

[ENTER]

to find the last

[NEXT]

to continue the backwards search

Record memory can be printed to a serial or IEEE 488 printer.

[PRINT]

To print the last sequence of events:

[PRINT][EXIT]

to print the record memory

UNL

key description and configure the Analyzer488

+00022 CR 0D¼
Find? - UNL 3FX1XXX

+00003 UNL 3F ¼

-00007 UNL 3F ¼

Printing...

¼

¼

¼

3.7.11 Using Low-Level Controller Commands

The following two examples use the Analyzer488 as an active
controller connected to a Keithley Instruments Model 196 System
Digital Multimeter (DMM). The Analyzer488 will address the DMM to
listen, issue a setup command, take a reading, and record it.

Set the IEEE 488 bus address of the DMM to 16. Turn the DMM
on and short out the voltage input leads. Connect the DMM to the
Analyzer488 rear panel IEEE 488 connector. Turn the Analyzer488
on.

3.18

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

RENATN

SRQ IFC

LOCATION MESSAGE

EOI

LISTEN

Press

[REN][TALK]

Press

Press

or

LED on

[STEP][ATN]

STEP

and

ATN

LED on

BUS NUL 00
BUS ACG00 00

BUS ACG00 00 ¼

TALK

to make the Analyzer488 the active controller

to clear the DMM bus interface

the

to address the DMM to listen

The

and

[IFC]

LED and front panel digit will flash

IFC

[3][0][ENTER]

[3][0][STEP]

and

RMT

REN

LSN

LED on

BUS IFC 00 ¼

BUS LAG16 30 ¼

LEDs on the DMM will light

¼

¼

¼¼

¼

(Note that pressing either
perform a handshake when
selected.)

Press

Press

Press

Press

[ATN]

to release the Attention line

[4][6][ENTER]

to send 'F'

[3][0][ENTER]

to send '0'

[5][2][ENTER]

to send 'R'

[ENTER]

STEP

LOCATION MESSAGE

or

[STEP]

handshaking is

will

BUS '0' 30
BUS 'F' 46
BUS '0' 30
BUS 'R' 52

EOI

RENATN

SRQ IFC

¼

¼

¼

¼

3.19

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

RENATN

SRQ IFC

LOCATION MESSAGE

EOI

Press

Press

Press

Press

DMM.

Press

[3][0][ENTER]

to send '0'

[5][8][ENTER]

to send 'X'

The

AUTO

[ATN]

to assert the Attention line

and become the active controller

[5][0][ENTER]

to address the DMM to talk

The

LSN

[LISTEN][ATN]

to become a listener

and

LED will go off and the

LEDs on the DMM will light.

DCV

BUS '0' 30
BUS 'X' 58

¼

¼

BUS TAG24 58 ¼

BUS TAG16 50 ¼

LED will light on the

TLK

BUS 'N' 4E

¼

¼

¼

The DMM will present data on the bus and all handshake LEDs
will be lit.

Press

[STEP]

18 times to see the reading

or

[ENTER]

BUS 'D' 44

BUS 'C' 43
BUS 'V' 56
BUS '-' 2D
BUS '0' 30
BUS '0' 30
BUS '0' 30
BUS '.' 2E

BUS '0' 30

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

3.20

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

RENATN

SRQ IFC

LOCATION MESSAGE

EOI

BUS '1' 31
BUS '2' 32
BUS '9' 39
BUS 'E' 45
BUS '-' 2D
BUS '3' 33
BUS CR 0D
BUS LF 0A¼

Your actual voltage reading may vary. On the last step, EOI is
asserted to indicate the end of reading, and the DMM continues to
present data on the bus. Press
second.

LOCATION MESSAGE

Press

[ERASE][ENTER]

to erase record memory

Erase Memory? Yes

[SLOW]

to read the data at 3 bytes per

EOI

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

RENATN

SRQ IFC

Press

Wait a few seconds and

Press

Press

Press

Press

[REC]

to start recording

[REC]

to stop recording

[ATN]

to regain control

[STEP][TALK]

to become a talker

[5][F][ENTER]

to stop the DMM from talking

LED goes off on the DMM

TLK

00000 '-' 2D

BUS '-' 2D
BUS ACG00 00 ¼
BUS TAG16 50 ¼
BUS UNT 5F

¼ ¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

3.21

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

RENATN

SRQ IFC

LOCATION MESSAGE

EOI

Press

Press

3.7.12 Using Keypress Macros

keypress macro to perform the previous sequence of operations. Use
the same setup configuration as the last example.

LISTEN

Press

[VIEW]

to view the record memory

[↑]

to scroll through the record memory

The following example uses the

LED on

[SAVE][7]

to start saving macro 7

and [↓]

00000 '-' 2D
00001 '0' 30

[SAVE]

LOCATION MESSAGE

key to save and recall a

EOI

BUS NUL 00
Save Macro?
Saving to Macro 7

¼

¼

RENATN

SRQ IFC

After each key is pressed,

a message is displayed

Press

Press

Press

[STEP][ATN]

STEP

TALK

to make the Analyzer488 the active controller

to clear the DMM bus interface

The

and

[REN][TALK]

and

[IFC]

LED and front panel digit will flash

IFC

ATN

REN

LED on

LED on

Key 001 in Macro 7

BUS ACG00 00
BUS ACG00 00 ¼

BUS IFC 00 ¼

¼

¼

¼¼

3.22

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

RENATN

SRQ IFC

LOCATION MESSAGE

EOI

Press

Press

Press

Press

Press

[3][0][ENTER]

or

[3][0][STEP]

to address the DMM to listen

The

[ATN]

to release the Attention line

and become a talker

[4][6][ENTER]

to send 'F'

[3][0][ENTER]

to send '0'

[5][2][ENTER]

to send 'R'

and

RMT

(Note that pressing either
perform a handshake when
selected.)

LEDs on the DMM will light

LSN

BUS LAG16 30 ¼

[ENTER]

STEP

or

[STEP]

handshaking is

will

BUS '0' 30

BUS 'F' 46
BUS '0' 30
BUS 'R' 52

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

Press

Press

Press

Press

DMM.

[3][0][ENTER]

to send '0'

[5][8][ENTER]

to send 'X'

The

AUTO

[ATN]

to assert the Attention line

and become the active controller

[5][0][ENTER]

to address the DMM to talk

The

LSN

and

LED will go off and the

LEDs on the DMM will light.

DCV

BUS '0' 30
BUS 'X' 58

BUS TAG24 58 ¼

BUS TAG16 50 ¼

LED will light on the

TLK

¼

¼

¼

¼

3.23

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

RENATN

SRQ IFC

LOCATION MESSAGE

EOI

Press

will be lit.

Press

[LISTEN][ATN]

to become a listener

The DMM will present data on the bus and all handshake LEDs

[STEP]

18 times

or

[ENTER]

BUS 'N' 4E

BUS 'D' 44
BUS 'C' 43
BUS 'V' 56
BUS '-' 2D
BUS '0' 30
BUS '0' 30
BUS '0' 30
BUS '.' 2E
BUS '0' 30

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

Press

[ATN][TALK]

to become the active controller

BUS '1' 31
BUS '2' 32
BUS '9' 39
BUS 'E' 45
BUS '-' 2D
BUS '3' 33
BUS CR 0D
BUS LF 0A¼

BUS TAG16 50

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼

¼ ¼

3.24

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

RENATN

SRQ IFC

LOCATION MESSAGE

EOI

Press

Press

Press

Press

Press

When the macro is finished

Press

Press

[5][F][ENTER]

to unaddress the DMM

[SAVE]

to end the macro definition

[ERASE][ENTER]

to erase record memory

[REC]

to start recording

[SHIFT][7]

to recall the macro

a message is flashed

[REC]

to stop recording

[VIEW]

to view the record memory

BUS UNT 5F

¼ ¼
End Saving Keys
Erase Memory? Yes

00000 UNT 5F ¼ ¼

Recall From Macro 7
End Macro

00027 UNT 5F ¼ ¼
00000 '-' 2D ¼

[

] and [↓]

Press

↑

to scroll through the record memory

00001 '0' 30 ¼

3.25

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

3.8 Key Descriptions

This section contains a detailed explanation of each of the keys and

LED indicators on the Analyzer488 front panel keyboard.

3.8.1 Keyboard functions

The keys on the front panel keyboard are divided into 7 groups:

Data Entry, Control, Cursor, Shift, Source, Memory, and H a ndshake.

-DATA ENTRY-

-CURSOR-

-SHIFT-

-MEMORY-

-HANDSHAKE-

-SOURCE-

The Data Entry keys are used for making menu
selections, entering numeric data into display fields,
saving keystroke macros, and getting help.

The Cursor keys are used to scroll through menu
selections and display fields.

The Shift key is used with other keys to select shift
keys and to recall keystroke macros.

The Memory keys are used for IEEE 488 bus event
recording, analysis, and display functions.

The Handshake keys are used to control the speed of
the IEEE 488 bus data transfers.

The Source keys are used to toggle the Analyzer488
between the Listen state and Talk state.

-CONTROL-

The Control keys are used to control and monitor the
IEEE 488 bus management lines.

3.8.2 Keyboard Keys and LEDs

The following pages contain a description of each key and LED

indicator on the front panel of the Analyzer488.

3.26

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

Data Entry Keys

The Data Entry keys are used for data entry and other miscellaneous operations.

DATA ENTRY

ESCA897

4

1

0

2

F

+/-

3C

SAVEHELP

B56

D ENTERE

EXIT

[0] - [F] The sixteen hexadecimal keys are used as general purpose data entry

keys. These keys allow for the direct entry of numeric values into
numeric display fields. When in the memory view mode, [0] - [9]
are used to specify record memory locations. When in the bus
display mode and in the talk state, [0] - [F] output data on the bus
data lines. When in the bus display mode and in the listen state, [0]

- [F] store data that will be output when the Analyzer488 is put into
the talk state.

[ENTER] The Enter key, [ENTER], is used within menus to choose or accept

menu selections and, if more menus are provided, advance to the
next menu. When in the memory view mode, [ENTER] is used to
enter record memory location addresses. When in the bus display
mode and [STEP] handshaking is selected, [ENTER] is used to
force a source (talk state) or acceptor (listen state) handshake.

[EXIT] The Exit key, [EXIT], is used like [ENTER] to choose menu

selections but, if more menus are available, [EXIT] leaves the
current menu with unselected menus unchanged. Changes made in
menus are accepted when [EXIT] is used.

3.27

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

[ESC]

[+/-]

[SAVE]

The Escape key,

[ESC]

menu's conclusion. Changes within the menu are not accepted when

[ESC]

The Sign key,
The
indicate a search direction using
condition in

The Save key,
one of sixteen keystroke macros.
key from
again, ending the macro. Recall key presses with
followed by the associated numeric key. Pressing
a data input menu:

escapes a menu immediately without proceeding to the

is used.

[+/-]

[0]

[ESC]

[+/-]

key is used to change the sign of numeric values, to

[SETUP]

[SAVE]

-

[F]

, is used to abort or cancel menu selections.

, is used as a general purpose data entry key.

[FIND]

and

[FIND]

is used to record up to 126 key presses into

[SAVE]

, stores key presses until

, or to set a "don't care" (X)

menus.

, followed by a numeric

[SAVE]

[SAVE]

is pressed

[SHIFT]

displays

Save Macro? X

[HELP]

For each key press, a status message is displayed:

Saving to Macro X

Once
is displayed:

[SAVE]

is pressed again, ending the macro, a status message

End Saving Keys

The Help key,
panel display about individual keys or to give context sensitive help
when the Analyzer488 is displaying menu screens. Pressing

[HELP]

shows a menu:

[HELP]

, is used to display information on the front

Select Key for Help

Press any key to see a help message for that key. Or press
while viewing a menu to see context sensitive help messages.

[HELP]

3.28

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

Cursor Keys

The cursor keys are used as edit keys to scroll through data or display fields and

select or change functions and/or parameters.

CURSOR

[←]

The left cursor key,

[←]

by moving the cursor to the left. It logically wraps if used on the first
field of a display line.

[←]

editing numeric entries.

, is used in menus to select display fields

also provides a backspace key for

[→]

[↑]

[↓]

The right cursor key,

[→]

by moving the cursor to the right.

, is used in menus to select display fields

[→]

logically wraps if used on

the last field of a display line.

The up cursor key,

, when in the memory view mode,

[↑]

increments the record memory location on the front panel display.
When in the bus display mode and in the talk state,

increments

[↑]

the data value on the bus data lines. When in the bus display mode
and in the listen state,

increments the data value that will be

[↑]

output when the Analyzer488 is put into the talk state.

The down cursor key,

, when in the memory view mode,

[↓]

decrements the record memory location on the front panel display.
When in the bus display mode and in the talk state,

decrements

[↓]

the data value on the bus data lines. When in the bus display mode
and in the listen state,

decrements the data value that will be

[↓]

output when the Analyzer488 is put into the talk state.

3.29

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

Shift

The Shift key,
commands.
saved in one of the sixteen keystroke macros.

[SHIFT][

[SHIFT]

key

]

first press
the Analyzer488 is waiting for a choice of commands:

Press a key to complete the selection. Pressing
selection. If an invalid key is pressed, an error message is shown on
the front panel display:

[SHIFT]

is also used to perform a sequence of key presses previously

, is used in conjunction with other keys to select

SHIFT

To select a command labeled below a key,

[SHIFT]

. The display will show a menu indicating that

Shift?

[ESC]

will abort the

[SHIFT][

0-F

Invalid Key Press

When a menu is used, pressing
that command and accept any current parameters. Pressing

[ENTER]

made.

]

[SHIFT]

naming the keystroke macro that was saved. Refer to the
key description for instructions on how to save keystroke macros.

proceeds to any following menus until all selections are

To recall a keystroke macro, first press

and at the

Shift?

[EXIT]

prompt, enter the hexadecimal key

will end menu selection for

[SAVE]

3.30

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

Memory

The

-MEMORY-

keys are used for IEEE 488 bus event recording and analysis.
They are used to setup a trigger point, arm the system, start recording, and to analyze
the record memory. Menus provide recorded event statistics, time and rate
measurements, and display functions.

MEMORY

VIEW REC REL

ERASE ZERO SET REL

SEARCH

NEXTLASTFIRST

HEX

FIND

BIN

The

-MEMORY-

+TRIGGER -TRIGGER

TRIGGER

STAT SETUP ARM

DISPLAY MEASURE

keys are grouped into three areas:

-MEMORY-

[VIEW] The View key,

bus display mode and memory view mode. To view record memory
locations, use the

VIEW LED

[ERASE]

See also the
The

VIEW

view mode, displaying information from the record memory.
Changing the display mode is accomplished by pressing

The Erase command,
and resets the reference pointer to 0.
menu:

[REC]

LED indicates that the Analyzer488 is in the memory

[VIEW]

is used to toggle the display format between

-DATA ENTRY-

keys or the

key description.

[SHIFT][VIEW]

, erases the record memory

[ERASE]

Erase Memory? Yes

-CURSOR-

[VIEW]

keys.

.

uses a confirmation

3.31

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

[REC]

REC LED

[ZERO]

Verifies that the record memory should be erased,

and

[↑]

or cancel with

to select. Accept value with

[↓]

[ESC]

. A status message confirms that the record

[ENTER]

or No. Use

Yes

and

[EXIT]

memory is erased:

Record Memory Erased

The Record key,

[REC],

events. When used to start recording,
statistics seen using

[VIEW], [FIND]

The

LED indicates the Analyzer488 is recording bus events.

REC

, and

Recording may be disabled by pressing
The Zero command,

[SHIFT][REC]

to location 0 without erasing the record memory. Further recording
will overwrite previous record memory locations.
confirmation menu:

is used to start or stop recording bus

resets the recording

.

[STAT]

[PRINT]

[REC]

. See also the descriptions of the

keys.

[REC]

, resets the reference pointer

[ZERO]

uses a

[REL]

REL LED

Reset Memory? Yes

Verifies that the record memory should be reset,

and

[↑]

or cancel with

to select. Accept value with

[↓]

[ESC]

. A status message confirms that the record

[ENTER]

memory is reset:

or No. Use

Yes

and

[EXIT]

Record Memory Reset

The Relative key,

[REL]

addressing format between absolute memory addressing and relative
memory addressing.
memory. To use relative addressing, set the reference pointer with
the Set Relative,

The

LED indicates the Analyzer488 is in relative addressing

REL

[SET REL]

, is used to toggle record memory location

[REL]

is valid only when viewing record

, command.

3.32

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

format. The REL LED can only be on when viewing record memory.
Changing the addressing format is accomplished by pressing

[REL]

accomplished by using the Set Relative,
command.

. Changing the record memory reference pointer is

[SHIFT][REL],

[SET REL]

-SEARCH-

[FIRST]

The Set Relative command,
current reference pointer.
the currently displayed record memory location, in either relative
addressing or absolute addressing format. A status message
confirms the action:

[SHIFT][REL]

[SET REL]

resets the reference pointer to

, is used to set the

Reference Set

The First key,
the first location written in the record memory during the most resent
recording operation. The record memory location, bus message, and
management line status are displayed on the front panel display.

[FIRST]

was recorded, a status message is displayed:

[FIRST]

is valid only when viewing record memory. If nothing

, is used to search the record memory for

Not Available

[+TRIGGER]

[LAST]

The Next Trigger command,
record memory for the next trigger point. The record memory
location, bus message, and management line status are displayed on
the front panel display.
record memory. A status message is displayed while searching:

[+TRIGGER]

[SHIFT][FIRST]

is valid only when viewing

, searches the

+Searching...

If no trigger is found, a status message is displayed:

Trigger Not Found

The Last key,

[LAST]

, is used to search the record memory for the

3.33

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

last location written in the record memory during the most resent
recording operation. The record memory location, bus message, and
management line status are displayed on the front panel display.

[LAST]

recorded, a status message is displayed:

is valid only when viewing record memory. If nothing was

Not Available

[-TRIGGER]

[NEXT]

The Last Trigger command ,
memory for the previous trigger point. The record memory location,
bus message, and management line status are displayed on the front
panel display.
memory. A status message is displayed while searching:

[-TRIGGER]

[SHIFT][LAST]

is valid only when viewing record

, searches the record

+Searching...

If no trigger is found, a status message is displayed:

Trigger Not Found

The Next key,
next occurrence of an event specified using
parameters specified for the Find command will be used in the
search. If the event is found, the record memory location containing
that event is displayed.
search the entire record memory until the event is found. A status
message is displayed while searching:

[NEXT]

, is used to search the record memory for the

. The

[FIND]

and

[NEXT]

[FIND]

operations will

[FIND]

+Searching...

If no match is found, a status message is displayed and the
previously displayed location is displayed again:

Pattern Not Found

The Find menu,

[SHIFT][NEXT]

3.34

, is used to search the record

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

memory for the first occurrence of a specific bus event or bus error.
Pressing
parameters and to start the search. The record memory is searched
and the location, bus message, and management line status are
displayed on the front panel display.

[FIND]

displays a menu that is used to specify search

Find? + NUL XXXXXXX

Find? +XXXXXXXXXXXXX

Requests the bus pattern to find. Bus data and signal line patterns are
specified as true (
hexadecimal data, changing the hexadecimal data byte automatically

changes the corresponding bus message. Use the [→] and [←]
cursor keys to move between input fields. Use the [↑] and [↓] cursor
keys to set values. Pressing

bus error (
cancel with

ERROR

[ESC]

), false (0) or don't care (X). When displaying

1

at the

[↑]

). Accept entry with

. A status message is displayed while searching:

NUL

[ENTER]

(hex)

(bin)

bus message selects a

and

[EXIT]

or

+Searching...

If no match is found, a status message is displayed:

Pattern Not Found

-TRIGGER-

[STAT]

The Statistics key,
recording operation. When

displayed in data menus. Use the [↑] and [↓] cursor keys or

[ENTER]

exit the information display menus. The following statistics are
presented:

to step between statistics. Press

[STAT]

, is used to display statistics of the last

[STAT]

is pressed, statistics are

[ESC]

or

[EXIT]

to

Total Count 00000000

3.35

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

The total number of bus events which occurred since
enabled. Total count can be from 0 to 99,999,999 events.

[REC]

was

Recorded 00000

Number of bus events which have been recorded since
enabled. Recorded count can be from 0 to 32,768.

[REC]

was

Pre Count 00000000

Total number of bus events that occurred prior to the trigger since

[REC]

was enabled. Pre count can be from 0 to 99,999,999.

Pre Recorded 00000

Number of bus events currently in record memory that occurred
prior to the trigger. Pre recorded count can be from 0 to 32,768.

Post Count 00000000

Number of bus events that occurred after the trigger since
was enabled. Post count can be from 0 to 99,999,999.

[REC]

Post Recorded 00000

Number of bus events currently in record memory that occurred after
the trigger. Post recorded can be from 0 to 32,768.

Trigger 00000

Record memory location of the trigger point. Trigger can be
or be from 0 to 32,767.

EMPTY

First 00000

3.36

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

Record memory location of the first available recorded bus event.
The first location can be

EMPTY

or from 0 to 32,767.

Last 00000

Record memory location of the last available recorded bus event.
The last location can be

EMPTY

or be from 0 to 32767.

[DISPLAY]

[SETUP]

The Display function
brightness of the front panel alphanumeric display and to set the
scroll rate of help messages. A data input menu prompts for input.

Use the [↑] and [↓] cursor keys to vary the display brightness and
scroll rate. Leave the menu with
with

[ESC]

.

[SHIFT][STAT]

[ENTER]

, is used to adjust the

or

[EXIT]

and cancel

Display Intensity 32

Requests a display intensity. Intensity can be from 1 to 60.

Help Scroll Speed 6

Request a scroll speed for help messages. Scroll speed can be from 1
to 10.

The Setup key,
triggering parameters used in recording bus events. See also
and

[MEASURE]

Use the cursor keys to step between configuration parameters. The
configuration session is ended by pressing
parameter or pressing
been changed. The operation may be aborted by pressing

[SETUP]

Analyzer488 operating mode, serial port parameters and IEEE 488
bus address of the Analyzer488. Refer to paragraph 3.4 for
configuration details.

is pressed during power-up, it is used to configure the

[SETUP]

.

[SETUP]

[EXIT]

, is used to configure one or more

[ARM]

uses menus to input setup parameters.

[ENTER]

when the parameters of interest have

to set every

[ESC]

. If

Match? Nul XXXXXXX

3.37

(hex)

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

Match? XXXXXXXXXXXXX

(bin)

Requests the bus pattern for match. Bus data and signal line patterns
are specified as true (

), false (0) or don't care (X). When displaying

1

hexadecimal data, changing the hexadecimal data byte automatically
changes the corresponding bus message. Use the [→] and [←]
cursor keys to move between input fields. Use the [↑] and [↓] cursor
keys to set values. Pressing

bus error (
cancel with

ERROR

[ESC]

). Accept entry with

.

[↑]

at the

bus message selects a

NUL

[ENTER]

and

[EXIT]

or

# of Matches? 00001

Requests the number of times the bus pattern should match before
starting the trigger delay.

Number of matches

65,535. Accept entry with

[ESC]

.

[ENTER]

and

[EXIT]

can be from 1 to

or cancel with

Trig Delay? 0000000

Requests the number of events to delay before starting the post
count.

Trig delay

[ENTER]

and

[EXIT]

can be from 1 to 9,999,999. Accept entry with

or cancel with

[ESC]

.

Post Count? 00000

Requests the number of events in the trigger post count.

count
[EXIT]

can be from 1 to 32,767. Accept entry with

or cancel with

[ESC]

.

[ENTER]

Post

and

When Complete? Stop

Requests the recording action to be taken following the completion
of the post trigger count. The two choices are:

Stop

or
allows the activity on the bus to continue at the selected handshake
speed.

continues recording at single-step handshake rate (use

Step

Step

.

Stop

3.38

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

[MEASURE]

[STEP]

keys. Accept entry with

[ESC]

The Measure command,
bus event performance. Data menus show the time, number of bytes,
and transfer rate of the last triggered recording operation.

to perform handshaking). Select with [↑] and [↓] cursor

[ENTER]

.

[SHIFT][SETUP]

and

[EXIT]

, displays post trigger

or cancel with

Time 0.000 mSeconds

Amount of time that elapsed during the post trigger recording.
can be from 0.001 milliseconds to 999.9 seconds. Use the [↑] and
[↓] cursor keys or

[EXIT]

or

[ESC]

[ENTER]

will exit.

to display further measure information,

Time

Count 00000 Bytes

Number of events that occurred during the post trigger recording.

[ARM]

Count

or

[ENTER]

[ESC]

will be from 0 to 32767. Use the

to display further measure information.

will exit.

[↑]

and

cursor keys

[↓]

[EXIT]

or

Rate 0.000 B/sec

Speed of the transfer which occurred during the post trigger
recording.

1.100 megabytes per second (Mbyte/sec). Use the
cursor keys to display further measure information.

[EXIT]

The Arm key,
system while recording data. When recording,
Arm LED to flash until the trigger condition is satisfied then remain
on until the trigger sequence is complete. Also see

[MEASURE]
[ARM]

Rate

or

has no effect.

will be from 0.001 Bytes per second (B/sec) to

and

[↑]

[ENTER]

[ESC]

. While the Analyzer488 is NOT recording data,

will exit.

[ARM]

, is used to enable or disable the triggering

[ARM]

will cause the

[SETUP]

[↓]

and

,

ARM LED

The Arm LED, when flashing, indicates the triggering system is

3.39

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

armed and actively looking for a trigger point. When on
continuously, the Arm LED indicates the triggering system is armed
but not looking for a trigger. This may occur because either the
trigger has been found or recording is disabled. Triggering may be
disabled by pressing

[ARM]

.

[HEX↔BIN]

The display format toggle,
the front panel display

-MESSAGE-

[SHIFT][ARM]

area between hexadecimal data

, toggles the format of

with bus messages and binary display of data. A status message will
confirm the

-MESSAGE-

format:

Display Hex Data

or

Display Binary Data

3.40

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

Handshake

The Handshake keys are used to control the speed of IEEE 488 bus data

transfers.

HANDSHAKE

FAST SLOW STEP

RATE NONE

[FAST]

FAST LED

[SLOW]

SLOW LED

The Fast key,

[FAST]

, is used to set the IEEE 488 bus handshake
control to fast operation. It enables participation in high speed bus
source or acceptor handshaking at speeds up to 1 Mbyte/sec. Source
(Talk state) or acceptor (Listen state) handshaking, is dependent on
the

-SOURCE-

The

FAST

keys.

LED indicates that the IEEE 488 bus handshake control is
currently set to fast operation. Changing the handshake control may
be accomplished by pressing

The Slow key,

[SLOW]

, is used to set the IEEE 488 bus handshake

[SLOW], [STEP]

, or

[NONE]

.

control to slow. It enables participation in low speed source or
acceptor bus handshaking at speeds from 1 to 10 bytes/sec. The
handshake speed is set using the

[RATE]

state) or acceptor (Listen state) handshaking, is dependent on the

SOURCE-

The

SLOW

keys.

LED indicates that the IEEE 488 bus handshake control is

command. Source (Talk

-

currently set to slow operation, recording and/or viewing bus events
at a rate between 1 to 10 events per second while participating in the
bus three wire handshake. Changing the handshake speed may be
accomplished using the

[FAST], [STEP]

, or

[NONE]

keys.

[RATE]

The Rate command,

[SHIFT][SLOW]

, is used to adjust the slow

handshake rate. A menu requests the speed of the slow handshake:

3.41

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

Steps Per second 03

[STEP]

STEP LED

Rate can be set from 1 to 10 bytes/sec. Use
Accept value with

The Step Key,

[STEP]

[ENTER]

and

[EXIT]

or cancel with

, is used to set the IEEE 488 bus handshake

[↑]

and

[↓]

[ESC]

to select.

.

speed to step or perform a bus handshake operation if the speed is
already set to step. The first press of

[STEP]

lights the

SLOW

LED
and sets the handshake circuitry to Slow operation. Subsequent
presses of

[STEP]

causes a single bus handshake to occur. [

STEP]

enables STEP bus source or acceptor handshaking. Source (Talk) or
acceptor (Listen) handshaking is dependent on
Subsequent

[STEP]

or

[ENTER]

key presses initiates (Talk state)

-SOURCE-

keys.

or completes (Listen state) one handshake sequence if in bus display
mode.

The

STEP

LED indicates that the IEEE 488 bus handshake speed is
currently set to single step operation to record and/or view bus
events individually in a single-step fashion.

[STEP]

must be
pressed to complete each event. Changing the handshake speed may
be accomplished using the

[FAST], [SLOW]

, or

[NONE]

keys.

[NONE]

The None handshake key,

[SHIFT][STEP]

, disables the
Analyzer488 from handshaking on the IEEE 488 bus. Pressing
[NONE] disables handshaking and displays a status message:

Handshaking Off

3.42

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

Source

The Source keys are used to toggle the Analyzer488 between the Listen state

and Talk state.

SOURCE

LISTEN TALK

PRINT

[LISTEN]

LISTEN LED

[TALK]

TALK LED

The Listen key,

[LISTEN]

switches the Analyzer488 from the Talk
state to the Listen state, reading the data lines. The acceptor
handshake, selected by this key, is enabled by the

[SLOW]

and

[STEP]

keys and disabled by the

[NONE]

[FAST]

key.

The Listen LED indicates that the Analyzer488 is currently in the
Listen state.

The Talk key,

[TALK]

switches the Analyzer488 from the Listen
state to the Talk state. While in the Talk state the Analyzer488
drives the bus data lines and ásserts the EOI control signal. The
source handshake, selected by this key, is enabled by the

[SLOW]

Pressing

and

[TALK]

and lights the

[STEP]

asserts the Data Available (DAV) handshake line

LED.

DAV

keys and disable by the

[FAST]

[NONE]

key.

The Talk LED, when on, indicates the Analyzer488 is currently in
the Talk state.

,

,

[PRINT]

The Print menu

[SHIFT][TALK]

prints all or a portion of the

record memory to a serial (RS-232) or IEEE 488 printer. Pressing

[PRINT]

and

last

starts a sequence of menus that prompt for the

first

record memory locations to be printed and for printer
parameters. Once a printer is configured, it becomes the default
printer. The settings remain in non-volatile RAM until they are
reset. Default values for

first

and

last

are the first and last
record memory locations used in the latest recording session. Once a
printer is configured and a sequence of bus events is recorded,

3.43

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

pressing
memory from
message is displayed while the Analyzer488 is printing:

[PRINT]

followed by

first

to

last

[EXIT]

on the default printer. A status

will print the record

Printing...

Print First? 00000

Requests the
locations, 0 to 32767, or relative locations, -32767 to 32767, may be
used depending on the record memory location address format. Use

[ENTER]

first

or

[EXIT]

record memory location to be printed. Physical

to proceed,

[ESC]

to abort printing.

Print Last? 00000

Requests the
locations, 0 to 32767, or relative locations, -32767 to 32767, may be
used depending on the record memory location address format. Use

[ENTER]

last

or

[EXIT]

record memory location to be printed. Physical

to proceed,

[ESC]

to abort print operation.

Print to? Serial Port

Requests which printer to use, Serial Port, or IEEE 488 Bus. Use

and

[↑]

proceed,
If a Serial Port printer is selected:

] cursor keys to select. Use

[

↓

[ESC]

to abort print operation.

[ENTER]

or

[EXIT]

to

Printer Baud? 9600

Requests the serial printer baud rate. Baud rate can be 300, 600,
1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, or 19200. Use

select. Use
operation.

[ENTER]

or

[EXIT]

to proceed,

[↑]

and

[ESC]

] cursor keys to

[

↓

to abort print

Printer Data Bits? 8

3.44

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

Requests serial printer data bits, 7 or 8. Use
keys to select. Use
abort print operation.

[ENTER]

or

[EXIT]

to proceed,

[↑]

and

] cursor

[

↓

[ESC]

to

Printer Stop Bits? 2

Requests serial printer stop bits, 1 or 2. Use
keys to select. Use
abort print operation.

[ENTER]

or

[EXIT]

to proceed,

[↑]

and

] cursor

[

↓

[ESC]

to

Printer Parity? None

Requests serial printer parity. Parity can be None, Even, or Odd.
Use

to proceed,

[↑]

and

[ESC]

] cursor keys to select. Use

[

↓

to abort print operation.

[ENTER]

or

[EXIT]

Printer Ctrl? RTS/CTS

Requests serial printer handshake method, XON/XOFF or RTS/CTS.
Use

to proceed,

[↑]

and

[ESC]

] cursor keys to select. Use

[

↓

to abort print operation.

[ENTER]

or

[EXIT]

Print Terms? CR

Requests serial printer terminators. Terminators can be CR, LF, LF
CR, or CR LF. Use

[ENTER]

If an IEEE 488 bus printer is selected:

or

[EXIT]

to proceed,

[↑]

and

] cursor keys to select. Use

[

↓

[ESC]

to abort print operation.

Printer Address? 16

Requests the address of the IEEE 488 printer, from 0 to 30. Use

and

[↑]
[ENTER]

] cursor keys or numeric keys to enter address. Use

[

↓

or

[EXIT]

to proceed,

[ESC]

to abort print operation.

3.45

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

Print Terms? CR

Requests IEEE 488 printer terminators. Terminators can be CR, LF,
LF CR, or CR LF. Use

[ENTER]

or

[EXIT]

to proceed,

[↑]

and

] cursor keys to select. Use

[

↓

[ESC]

to abort print operation.

3.46

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

Control

The Control keys are used to control the bus management lines. The Control
LED indicators show the driven state of the bus management lines, not the actual
state. The actual state of the bus management lines can be seen on the front panel
alphanumeric display.

CONTROL

EOI ATN SRQ REN IFC

[EOI]

EOI LED

[ATN]

ATN LED

[SRQ]

SRQ LED

[REN]

The End or Identify key,

[EOI]

, is used to assert or unassert the

End or Identify (EOI) bus management line.
The

LED indicates that the Analyzer488 is asserting the EOI

EOI

line. It does not display the state of the bus EOI signal.
The Attention key,

[ATN]

, is used to assert or unassert the Attention

(ATN) bus management line.
The

LED indicates that the Analyzer488 is asserting the ATN

ATN

line. It does not display the state of the bus ATN signal.
The Service Request key,

[SRQ]

, is used to assert or unassert the

Service Request (SRQ) bus management line.
The

LED indicates that the Analyzer488 is asserting the SRQ

SRQ

line. It does not display the state of the bus SRQ signal.
The Remote Enable key,

[REN]

, is used to assert or unassert the

Remote Enable (REN) bus management line.

REN LED

[IFC]

The

LED indicates that the Analyzer488 is asserting the REN

REN

line. It does not display the state of the bus REN line.
The Interface Clear key,

[IFC]

, is used to pulse the Interface Clear

(IFC) bus management line.

3.47

Section 3 Front Panel Operation

IFC LED

The

LED indicates that the Analyzer488 is asserting the IFC

IFC

line. It does not display the state of the bus IFC line.

3.48

Section 4 Serial Controller

Serial Controller

4.1 Introduction

This section contains a detailed explanation of the Serial Controller Mode of
operation of the Analyzer488 IEEE 488 Bus Analyzer. The following paragraphs
contain a description of the Serial Controller Mode, information regarding setup,
configuration, an explanation of how to use the Analyzer488 as a serial controller, and
a detailed explanation of all the commands.

4.2 Description

When in the Serial Controller Mode, a serial host computer or terminal may
control the Analyzer488 through a serial port. Once the Analyzer488 is attached to a
computer and the IEEE 488 bus, it becomes a full-featured IEEE 488 bus controller.
The Analyzer488 may be operated as a High Level System controller or as a Low
Level System Controller. High Level Cont roll er mod e allo ws con tro l of t he IEEE 48 8
bus using High Level commands. Low Level Controller mode allows direct control
over all data and bus management lines using an alternative set of commands. The
Analyzer488 can record bus events and send the recorded data back to the host
computer. Triggering may be used to stop the recording of bus data. The
Analyzer488 front panel keyboard can be read and messages can be sent to the front
panel 20 character display.

4.3 Serial Interface

To set up the Analyzer488 for use as a serial controller, connect it to the host
computer through the RS-232 connectors and to the IEEE 488 bus through the IEEE
488 bus connector on the rear panel.

Up to 14 IEEE devices

IEEE

Devices

IBM PC or
Compatible

RS-232

IEEE

Analyzer488

4.1

Section 4 Serial Controller

4.4 Configuration

Configuration of the Analyzer488 is accomplished using the front panel
keyboard. Once configured, the configuration parameters will be stored in nonvolatile
RAM and used as the default configuration when the Analyzer488 is powered on.
Refer to Section 1 for configuration details.

4.5 Using the Analyzer488 with a Personal Computer

Commands may be sent to the Analyzer488 from a host computer using the
IBM BASIC

PRINT#

command, or it's equivalent in other languages. The
Analyzer488 interprets the commands, performs the necessary bus control and
handshaking, and returns data from the bus. Data acquired from the bus and responses
from the Analyzer488 are sent back to the host computer and read using the BASIC

INPUT#

command, or its equivalent.

Listed below is a keyboard controller program that allows direct interaction between a
personal computer and the IEEE 488 bus using the Serial Controller Mode of the
Analyzer488.

10 OPEN "COM1: 9600,n,8,2,cs,ds" AS 1
20 IF LOC(1) THEN PRINT INPUT$(LOC(1),1);
30 K$=INKEY$
40 PRINT #1,K$;:PRINT K$;
50 GOTO 20

Refer to Section 1 and configure the Analyzer488 as a Serial Controller with the

following serial port parameters:

9600 baud
8 data bits
2 stop bits
No parity
XON/XOFF handshaking

4.2

Section 4 Serial Controller

Run the program and type:

hello

The Analyzer488 will respond with:

Analyzer488 Revision N.N Copyright (C) 1989 IOtech Inc.

If you get the above response, the Analyzer488 is alive and ready to operate as a
serial controller. If you do not receive the hello response, check for proper connection
and fit of the cables. If the cables are connected properly and you still do not obtain
the hello response, then refer to the Service Section of this manual.

Refer to the Command Descriptions section for a complete listing of all the
Serial Controller commands and examples of their use.

4.6 Using the Analyzer488 with a Terminal

The Analyzer488 may be controlled from an RS-232 terminal or a personal
computer running a terminal program. Commands typed at the keyboard are sent
directly to the Analyzer488 and any responses are then displayed on the terminal
screen.

To use the Analyzer488 with a terminal, obtain a cable wired for your particular
terminal and the Analyzer488. Refer to the Getting Started section for wiring
diagrams and pinout information. Next, configure the Analyzer488 serial port
parameters to match those of your terminal using the power on configuration
procedure in Section 1. The parameters that must be set are:

Serial Baud Rate
Serial Data Bits (7 or 8)
Serial Stop Bits (1 or 2)
Serial Parity (None, Even, or Odd)
Serial Ctrl (RTS/CTS or XON/XOFF)
Serial Echo (Enabled or Disabled)
Serial Terminators

If Full Duplex operation is selected for your terminal, Echo should be enabled
on the Analyzer488 in order for commands sent to the Analyzer488 to be displayed on
the terminal screen. If Half Duplex operation is selected, Echo should be disabled. In
either case, commands sent to the Analyzer488 and responses received will appear on
the terminal screen.

4.3

Section 4 Serial Controller

Once the Analyzer488 has been connected to the terminal and the serial port
parameters are set, type the command

hello

at the keyboard. The following

response should be displayed on the terminal screen:

Analyzer488 Revision N.N Copyright (c) 1989 Iotech Inc.

If you get the above response, the Analyzer488 is alive and ready to operate as a
serial controller. you may find it useful to send the command

ERROR MESSAGE

which will cause the Analyzer488 to always send a response after every command it
has received and processed. If a command is sent which causes an error, an
appropriate error message will be returned. If no errors have occurred, the message

will be sent to the terminal.

OK

If you do not receive the hello response, check for proper wiring and fit of the
cables and the serial port configurations of the terminal and the Analyzer488. If all is
well and you still do not obtain the hello command response, refer to the Service
Section of the Manual.

Refer to the Command Description section for a complete listing of all the
Serial controller commands and examples of their usage.

4.7 Serial Controller Commands

There are four groups of Serial Controller commands: system commands,
record commands, high level controller commands, and low level controller
commands. System and record commands configure or request information from the
Analyzer488. High level and low level controller commands communicate with IEEE
488 bus devices.

4.7.1 System Commands:

@ DISARM HELLO STATUS

@@ DISPLAY ID STERM

ARM ERROR KEY TIMEOUT

CONTROLLER HANDSHAKE MASK

4.4

Section 4 Serial Controller

4.7.2 Record Commands:

DUMP MEASURE RECORD SET

TRIGGER

ERASE NEXT RELATIVE VIEW

FIND PRINT (?) SET RELATIVE ZERO

4.7.3 High Level Controller Commands:

ABORT LOCAL LOCKOUT REMOTE SPOLL

ADDRESS OUTPUT RESET PPOLL

CLEAR PPOLL CONFIG RESUME TRIGGER

ENTER PPOLL DISABLE SEND TERM

LOCAL PPOLL UNCONFIG

4.7.4 Low Level Controller commands:

ASSERT READ TALK WRITE

LISTEN STEP UNASSERT

4.8 Bus State Format

The state of the IEEE 488 bus management and data lines can be returned using
the

VIEW

without performing a handshake. The

or

READ

commands. The

VIEW

READ

command returns the state of the bus

command returns the state of the bus and
performs an acceptor handshake. Bus data is returned in two hexadecimal bytes,
formatted as shown below. If a line is asserted, the bit for that line will be a 1.

Hex Byte 1 Hex Byte 2

(bit positions) (bit positions)

(Control and Handshake Lines) (Data Lines)

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

REN IFC SRQ EOI DAV NRFD NDAC ATN D8 D1

A response of 88F4 is interpreted as follows:

Byte 1, (88) Control and Handshake Line

The upper nibble (8) (%1000) = REN asserted.
The lower nibble (8) (%1000) = DAV asserted

4.5

Section 4 Serial Controller

Byte 2, (F4) Data Lines

F4= (%11110100)
Lines DIO8 through DIO5 are asserted, DIO3 is asserted.

4.9 Record Memory Format

The bus events stored in the record memory can be seen using the

DUMP

commands. The

memory in blocks. The

VIEW

DUMP

Record command returns events from the record

Record command returns the contents of the record

memory in S1S9 record format (See the

DUMP

VIEW

command description for details of

or

S1S9 format). Record memory events are returned in two hex bytes and are formatted
as follows:

Byte 1 Byte 2

(bit positions) (bit positions)

(Control and Status Lines) (Data Lines)

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

REN IFC SRQ EOI BERR VALIDTRIG ATN D8 D1

A response of 84F4 is interpreted as follows:

Byte 1, (88) Control and Handshake Lines

Upper nibble (8) (%1000)=REN asserted
Lower nibble (4) (%0100)=this data is valid.

Byte 2, (F4) Data Lines

F4=(%11110100)
Lines DIO8 through DIO5 are asserted, DIO3 is asserted.

4.10 Memory Usage

Memory in the Analyzer488 is dynamically allocated for the serial input and
serial output. This allows for the most efficient partitioning of memory for any given
application.

At power on, each serial buffer is allocated a 127 byte mini-buffer or queue.
When the serial input [or output] requires more buffer space, additional queues are
allocated. When a queue is empty, it is released from the input buffers so that it may
be reallocated when, and where, required.

4.6