www.iOptron.com
Manual
GoToNova
TM
8401 Hand-Held Controller
www . iOptron . com
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WARNING!
NEVER USE A SMARTSTAR
TELESCOPE TO LOOK AT THE SUN!
Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant
and irreversible damage to your eye.
Children should always have adult
supervision while observing.
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TIP:
For beginner users
without a lot of
knowledge in astronomy
please refer to the Quick
Start Reference. It
contains enough
information to get you
started so you can enjoy
the night sky without
knowing all the jargon
and math.
CONTENTS
Chapter. 0 Quick Start Reference
0.1 GoToNova
0.2 Getting Started
Chapter. 1 Set Up And Align
1.1 Basic Symbols
1.2 Set Up
1.3 Align
Chapter. 2 Select And Slew
2.1 Planets, sun, moon
2.2 Deep Sky Objects
2.3 Comets
2.4 Asteroids
2.5 Stars
2.6 User Objects
2.7 Enter Position
2.8 Land Marks
2.9 Watch List
Chapter. 3 Other Functions
3.1 Sync To Target
3.2 Electronic Focuser
3.3 PEC option
3.4 Set up tracking
3.5 User objects
3.6 Auto guide
3.7 Park scope
3.8 To park position
3.9 The Equatorial Mode
Chapter. 4 How to Observe
4.1 Observe manually
4.2 Observe using arrow keys
4.3 the Moon
4.4 Tracking
Appendix
A. Menu Structure
B. Messier Catalog
C. Modern Constellations
D. Celestial Coordinates
E. Specifications
F. Products List
TM
Features
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For beginner users without a lot of knowledge in
astronomy please refer to the Quick Start Menu. It
contains enough information to get you started so
you can enjoy the night sky without knowing all the
jargon and math.
For more serious users we assume that you know
some astronomy basics in reading this manual.
Please refer to Appendix A for a more detailed
menu structure.
4
Chapter 0 Quick Start Reference
N
0.1 GoToNovaTM Features: (8401)
www.iOptron.com
LCD Display
Menu
Back
Up
Left
Enter
Right
Down
umbers
Light Help
Stop/0
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The 8401 GoToNova
SmartStar
and easy to learn. It can automatically reposition your
telescope to any of the 130,000 objects stored in the database
with the push of a button.
LCD Display: 8-line big screen, it displays all the information
Back Key: Move back to the previous screen.
Menu Key: Return to the Main Menu.
Enter Key: Confirms an input, goes to the next menu, selects
a choice, slews the telescope to a selected object.
Arrow Keys: Moves the cursor, moves the telescope in a
specific direction.
Number Keys: Adjusts numerical values.
Speed Key: Adjusts the speed.
Light Key: Adjusts the light.
Help Key:
TM
A series telescopes. The user interface is simple
For help.
Sky and Telescope
http://www.skyandtelescope.com/
Astronomy
http://www.astronomy.com/asy/default.aspx
The Hubble Site
http://hubblesite.org/
TM
hand held controller operates the
Useful Links
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TIP:
A GPS module makes
life a lot easier. It
automatically sets the
time and location for
you.
TIP:
The controller
automatically skips
those stars below the
horizon of your current
time and location.
0.2 Getting Started
For most beginner users who may not need a lot of
astronomical detail this chapter gives just enough information
to set up the controller. After the easy-to-follow setup you will
be ready to point your telescope to wherever you want in the
night sky.
After assembling the telescope [Refer to our Assembling
Chart] turn on the power button located on the mount. You will
see the iOptron logo displayed for a few seconds. Then you
will see the zero position screen. By default, it works in Alt-Az
mode:
TR.A. 1h36m 2s
TDEC 90°0’ 0”
R.A. 19h52m 5s
DEC 47°31’16” 64X
Lgst 7h52m38s Stop
Alt. 0°0’ 0”
Azi. 0°0’ 0”
2007-07-10 14:25:23 N
When the power is turned on you will see “G_ON” (GPS
turned on) in the upper right corner of the screen. In about a
minute, after the internal GPS communicate with the
satellites, you will see “G_OK” on the screen. Both time and
location are automatically set. If there is no GPS module
connected you will need to set up time and location manually.
Press MENU button. Then you will see this screen:
Select and slew
Sync. To target
Electric Focuser
Set up controller
Align
PEC option
Set up tracking
User objects
Auto guide
Park scope
To park position
Select “Set up controller”
Set up Local Time
Set up Site
Set N/S Hemisphere
Set Display contrast
Set Eyepiece light
Set Backlight
Set Anti-backlash
Set key Beep
Set Mount Type
Reset All
Upgrade Firmware
Set Gear Ratio
Set Language
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TIP:
Spend some time
familiarize yourself with
those bright stars in the
night sky
Press ENTER to select “Set up local time”, and you will
see this screen:
Set Local Time:
2007-06-18 14.49.18
Daylight Time saving√
Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to move the cursor, and
use the number keys to adjust the numbers. When the correct
local time has been entered, press ENTER. Then you will see
this screen:
Set up site Info:
Longi: W071d27m47s
Latit: N42d15m40s
300 Min. behind UT
Again, use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to move the cursor,
and use the number keys to adjust the values. You need the
longitude and latitude values of your location. These values
can be obtained from the internet (for example: http://www.lat-
long.com/) or your GPS device. The last line is the time zone
information. Check your time zone and enter properly. For
example, Boston lags Universal Time (UT) by 5 hours, which
means 300 Minutes behind UT. Use the UP or DOWN key to
switch between “ahead of” and “behind”.
Press MENU button, then you will see this screen:
Select and slew
Sync. To target
Electric Focuser
Set up GOTONOVA
Align
PEC option
Set up tracking
User objects
Auto guide
Park scope
To park position
From the main menu, select “Align”. The system provides
“one-star align”, “two-star align” and “Three Star Align”.
Select “one-star align”. You will see this screen:
Alphard
A 39°43.3′ Z 221°20.0′
Center the target then
press “ENTER” 2X
Use “UP” and “DOWN” arrow buttons to select a star and
press ENTER. Use SPEED button to select a speed, and use
arrow buttons to center the star in your telescope. Press
ENTER when finished. Now your GoToNova
direct you to any location in the night sky (provided that the
object is in the database and above the horizon). Simply
choose any object in the menu and press ENTER. Although
not required, we strongly suggest that you double check your
initial alignment with additional bright objects in the night sky,
For example, in the menu, select “Venus” (if it is indeed in the
sky) and press ENTER. When the motor stops check to see if
TM
is ready to
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Venus is in the center of your eye piece. If your previous
steps were correct, it should be.
You may need to make some minor adjustments to center the
object. Otherwise, use “two-star align”.
What’s Next?
Most beginner users are now ready to explore the night sky
without needing to refer to the manual any further. The
function you will need most is “Select and slew” in the main
menu. From there you can select and explore planets, stars,
galaxies, nebulae, comets, asteroids, etc.-- virtually all of the
most common celestial objects are included.
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Appendix:
Check Appendix D for a
brief introduction of
celestial coordinate
systems
Chapter.1 Set Up And Alignment
1.0 Basic Symbols
R Right ascension
D Declination
A Altitude
Z Azimuth
Cele Sidereal speed
Sola Solar speed
Moon Lunar speed
Land Land mode
nnX Slewing speed
1.1 Set Up
By default, the mount works in Alt-az mode. Turn on the
power button located on the mount. You will see the iOptron
logo screen. Then you will see the zero position screen:
TR.A. 1h36m 2s
TDEC 90°0’ 0”
R.A. 19h52m 5s
DEC 47°31’16” 64X
Lgst 7h52m38s Stop
Alt. 0°0’ 0”
Azi. 0°0’ 0”
2007-07-10 14:25:23 N
When the power is turned on you will see “G_ON” (GPS
turned on) in the upper right corner of the screen. In about a
minute, after the internal GPS communicate with the
satellites, you will see “G_OK” on the screen. Both time and
location are automatically set. Setup is finished in Alt-az
mode.
If there is no GPS connected refer to 0.2 Getting Started
how to manually set up time and location.
The mount can also work in equatorial mode. Tilt the mount to
the appropriate angle and point it to the polar star. Go to “Set
up GotoNova”, select “Set Mount Type”, and select Equatorial
mode.
1.2 Align
1.2.1 One-Star Align
From the main menu, select “Align”. The system provides for
“one-star align” and “two-star align”.
Select “one-star align”. You will see this screen:
on
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Alphard
A 39°43.3′ Z 221°20.0′
Center the target then
press “ENTER” 2X
Use “UP” and “DOWN” arrow buttons to select a star and
press ENTER. Use SPEED button to select a speed, and use
arrow buttons to center the star in your telescope. Press
ENTER when finished.
1.2.2 Two-Star Align
If your mount is not horizontal one-star align is usually not
accurate enough. You will need to do two-star align. Select
“Two-star align” from the previous menu. Select one bright
star from the menu. Use the arrow buttons to center it in the
telescope and press ENTER. Select a second bright star and
use the arrow keys to center the second star. Press ENTER.
Two-star align is finished.
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Appendix:
Check Appendix B and
Appendix C for names of
galaxies and
constellations
WARNING:
NEVER LOOK DIRECTLY
AT THE SUN WITH THE
NAKED EYES OR WITH
A TELESCOPE(UNLESS
YOU HAVE THE
PROPER SOLAR
FILTER). PERMANENT
AND IRREVERSIBLE
EYE DAMAGE MAY
RESULT.
TIP:
You can define and save
new celestial objects in
the database.
Chapter. 2 Select And Slew
After you have finished the set up and align steps in chapter 1
go to the main menu. Select “Select and slew.” Now you can
select any celestial objects in the database and GoToNova
will take you there—whether it is a star, a planet, an asteroid,
a comet or a galaxy.
Check astronomy books and magazines such as “Sky and
Telescope.” Familiarize yourself with the names in the night
sky. Use the arrow buttons to move your cursor and press
ENTER to select an object.
2.1 Planets, sun, moon
This menu includes the Sun, the Moon, Mercury, Venus,
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
WARNING: NEVER LOOK DIRECTLY AT THE SUN WITH
THE NAKED EYES OR WITH A TELESCOPE (UNLESS
YOU HAVE THE PROPER SOLAR FILTER). PERMANENT
AND IRREVERSIBLE EYE DAMAGE MAY RESULT.
2.2 Deep Sky Objects
This menu includes objects outside our Solar system such as
galaxies, star clusters, quasars, nebulae, etc.
2.2.1 Named Deep Sky Objects
This menu contains 60 named deep sky objects. If you know
the names of the objects you can use this menu.
2.2.2 Messier Catalogue
Contains 110 objects from the Messier catalogue.
2.2.3 NGC-IC Catalogue
Contains 7840 objects from the NGC-IC catalogue.
2.2.4 UGC Catalogue
Contains 129,939 objects from the UGC catalogue.
2.2.5 MCG Catalogue
Contains 29,004 objects from the MCG catalogue.
2.2.6 CaldWell Catalogue
Contains 109 objects from the CaldWell catalogue.
2.2.4 Abel Catalogue
Contains 2712 objects from the Abel catalogue.
2.2.4 Herschel Catalogue
Contains 400 objects in Herschel catalogue.
2.3 Comets
Contains up to 256 comets.
2.4 Asteroids
TM
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TIP:
By specifying R.A. and
DEC numbers (or A and
Z ) , you can point your
telescope to anywhere
on the celestial sphere.
Contains up to 4096 asteroids.
2.5 Stars
2.5.1 Named Stars
Contains 191 stars.
2.5.2 Constellations
Contains 88 constellations.
2.5.3 Double Stars
Contains 40 double stars.
2.5.4 Variable Stars
Contains 38,624 variable stars.
2.5.5 SAO Bright Stars
Contains up to 26,584 SAO bright stars.
2.6 Constellations
Contains 88 constellations.
2.7 User Objects
User defined objects. User can define up to 128 objects
2.8 Enter R.A. DEC.
In Equatorial mode the user can target a location by
specifying its RA (Right Ascension) and DEC (Declination).
Use the arrow buttons to move the cursor and adjust the
values. Press ENTER.
In Altazimuth mode the user can target a location by
specifying its A (Altitude) and Z (Azimuth). Use the arrow
buttons to move the cursor and adjust the values. Press
ENTER.
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Appendix:
Check Appendix A for
complete menu
structures
TIP:
In Equatorial mode one
axis of the motor is
parallel with the earth’s
axis of rotation.
Chapter. 3 Other Functions
3.1 Sync To Target
Matches the telescope's current equatorial coordinates to
Target Right Ascension and Declination.
3.2 Electric Focuser
If you have an electric focuser in your system use this option
to adjust the focuser.
3.3 PEC option
If your telescope is equipped with Periodic Error Correction
use this option to adjust Periodic Error Correction.
3.4 Set up tracking
Set up tracking speed.
3.5 User objects
Add, edit or delete user objects.
3.6 Auto guide
If your telescope is equipped with auto guide use this option.
3.7 Park Scope
Park your telescope.
3.8 To Park position
Move your telescope to park position.
3.9 The Equatorial Mode
For more advanced users you can set the mount to equatorial
mode.
To change from alt-az mode to equatorial mode refer to FIG.
4. First, lock your telescope into vertical position. Make sure
the optical axis of your telescope is parallel with the height of
the mount. Put on appropriate counter weight. Loosen the tilt
lock. Point your telescope to the north. Adjust the tilt. Find
Polaris in your finder scope. Center it. Then center Polaris in
your telescope. Lock the tilt into position.
In the main menu of your hand held controller, select “Set up
GOTONOVA”, then select “Set Mount Type”, and select
Equatorial mode.
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234
TIP:
The earth’s axis of
rotation is tilted 23.5°
from the vertical. This tilt
changes throughout the
year. In December the
northern hemisphere is
tilted 23.5° away from
the sun. While in June
the northern hemisphere
is tilted 23.5° towards
the sun.
Polaris
1. Telescope
2. Counter weight
(Not Standard
Component)
3. Tilt support
4. Tilt lock
5. Mount
6. Tripod
7. Inner support
8. Tray
9. Tray lock
8
9
Zenith
7
FIG.4
1
Equatorial Mode
5
6
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TIP:
People usually use alt-zi
mode to observe land
objects.
TIP:
People usually use
optics that produce
normal images (not
reversed, or up-sidedown images) to
observe land objects.
TIP:
Use slower speed for
fine tuning.
Chapter. 4 How to Observe
4.1 Observe manually
If you want to observe land objects, such as a mountain top or
a bird you should use the alt-az mode. Simply point the
telescope to your target and look through the eye piece. (For
certain models, such as Newtonian and Maksutov-Cassagrein,
the image you see in the eye piece is up-side down).
First, you need to loosen the telescope’s tripod base lock
knob and Altitude lock so that the telescope can move freely
in both directions. Next, use the viewfinder to locate your
target; Center the target in your eyepiece and tighten the
base and Altitude locks. Then adjust focus.
You can also use this method to observe celestial objects in
the night sky. However, you will notice that stars drift away
slowly from your eyepiece field, and you have to keep
adjusting your telescope to re-center your target. This drift is
caused by the rotation of the Earth. This drift can be
countered by using the automatic tracking feature of
GoToNova
4.2 Observing using arrow keys
On our GoToNova
You can use these keys to adjust and fine tune your
telescope. To use this function make sure you tighten both
the Altitude and base locks. Then turn on the power.
With the “User position” screen press the ENTER button to
switch between “Land” and “Cele” mode (upper right corner).
Use the SPEED button to adjust the speed (lower right
corner). Use higher speed for initial adjustment. Use lower
speed for fine tuning. Center your target in your eye piece
then adjust the focus.
4.3 The Moon
The Moon, when visible in the night sky, is most likely the first
celestial object you want to watch with your new telescope. It
is also the most convenient object in the sky to test some of
the GoToNova
TM
.
User position Land
R：1h47.8m D：32°3.3’
A 89°58.5’ Z 179°11.8’
07-06-06 08:59:20 8X
TM
TM
controllers there are four arrow keys.
functions.
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TIP:
A full moon is not the
best time to watch the
Moon. There is too much
glare and not enough
shadow for details.
There is a lot to explore on the surface of the Moon such as
craters, mountain ranges, fault lines, etc. During a full moon,
however, no shadows can be seen on the Moon’s surface and
it becomes too bright for any details to be seen. The best time
to observe the Moon is during its crescent or half phase.
A neutral density Moon filter is recommended when observing
the Moon. This filter cuts down on the bright glare and
enhances contrast. You will be amazed by the dramatic
difference.
4.4 Tracking
The tracking function is used to counteract the rotation of the
earth. When the telescope is in tracking mode, the celestial
object will not drift away from your eye piece field. This
function is essential for astrophotography.
When you switch to “Cele” mode the system is automatically
in tracking mode. When you switch back to “Land” mode the
tracking stops.
A user can set up tracking in the main menu by selecting “Set
up tracking”. Then the user can select “sidereal speed”, “Solar
speed”, “Lunar speed”, or user can define a speed using
“User defined speed”.
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APPENDIX A
MENU STRUCTURE
MENU
Select and sl ew
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Planets,sun,moon
Mercury
Venus
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Sum
Moon
Deep sky objects
Na med de epsky objec ts
Messier Catalog
Comets
Asteroids
Land Objects
Sy n c. to targ et
Se t up controller
Align
User object list
Wat ch li s t
Set telescope cord.
Park telescope
Stars
User objects
Ent er position
Wat ch list
Goto Land mark
Recor d now land mark
Add a new Land Ma rk
Edi t one data
Set up time and site
Se t dis pla y i n fo
Set key Beep
Rese t All
One star align
Two star align
RA a nd DE C
Comets
Asteriods
Add a wa tch l ist
De lete one da ta
Delete all
Browse the list
Name stars
Constellations
Double st ars
SA O br ight stars
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APPENDIX B
Messier Catalog
• Andromeda
o M31
o
o
• Aquarius
o
o M72
o M73
•
o M36
o M37
o
• Cancer
o M44
o
• Canes Venatici
o
o
o M63
o M94
o
• Canis Major
o
• Capricornus
o M30
• Cassiopeia
o M52
o M103
• Cetus
o M77
• Coma Berenices
o M53
o M64
o
o M88
o M91
o
o
o M100
•
o M29
o M39
•
o M102
•
o
•
o
o M92
•
o
Auriga
Cygnus
Draco
Gemini
Hercules
Hydra
The Andromeda Galaxy spiral galaxy (type Sb)
Satellite galaxy of M31 elliptical galaxy (type E2)
M32
Satellite galaxy of M31 elliptical galaxy (type E6pec)
M110
M2
globular cluster
globular cluster
system or asterism of 4 stars
open cluster
open cluster
M38
open cluster
Praesepe, the Beehive Cluster open cluster
open cluster
M67
globular cluster
M3
The Whirlpool Galaxy spiral galaxy
M51
Sunflower galaxy spiral galaxy
spiral galaxy
spiral galaxy
M106
open cluster
M41
globular cluster
open cluster
open cluster
spiral galaxy
globular cluster
Blackeye galaxy spiral galaxy
elliptical galaxy
M85
spiral galaxy
spiral galaxy
spiral galaxy
M98
spiral galaxy
M99
spiral galaxy
open cluster
open cluster
may be NGC 5866
open cluster
M35
Great Hercules Globular Cluster globular cluster
M13
globular cluster
open cluster
M48
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Spindle Galaxy
, a lenticular galaxy (type S0_3)
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o
o
• Leo
o
o M66
o M95
o M96
o
• Lepus
o
• Lyra
o M56
o
• Monoceros
o
• Ophiuchus
o M9
o
o M12
o M14
o M19
o
o M107
•
o
o M43
o M78
• Pegasus
o M15
•
o M34
o M76
• Pisces
o M74
•
o M46
o M47
o
• Sagitta
o M71
• Sagittarius
o M8
o
o
o M20
o M21
o
o M23
o M24
o
o
o M54
o M55
o
o
Orion
Perseus
Puppis
M68
M83
M65
M105
M79
M57
M50
globular cluster
M10
M62
M42
M93
The Lagoon Nebula diffuse nebula
M17
M18
M22
M25
M28
M69
M70
globular cluster
spiral galaxy
spiral galaxy
spiral galaxy
spiral galaxy
spiral galaxy
elliptical galaxy
globular cluster
globular cluster
The Ring Nebula planetary nebula
open cluster
globular cluster
globular cluster
globular cluster
globular cluster
globular cluster
globular cluster
The Great Orion Nebula diffuse nebula
part of the Orion Nebula (de Mairan's Nebula) diffuse nebula
diffuse nebula
globular cluster
open cluster
The Little Dumbell, Cork, or Butterfly planetary nebula
spiral galaxy
open cluster
open cluster
open cluster
globular cluster
The Omega or Swan or Horseshoe Nebula diffuse nebula
open cluster
The Trifid Nebula diffuse nebula
open cluster
globular cluster
open cluster
Milky Way Patch star cloud with open cluster (NGC 6603)
open cluster
globular cluster
globular cluster
globular cluster
globular cluster
globular cluster
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o
• Scorpius
o M4
o
o M7
o M80
•
o M11
o M26
•
o M5
•
o M16
•
o
o M45
•
o M33
•
o
o M81
o M82
o
o M101
of M101)
o M108
o
• Virgo
o
o
o M59
o M60
o
o M84
o M86
o M87
o
o M90
o M104
•
o M27
Scutum
Serpens Caput
Serpens Cauda
Taurus
Triangulum
Ursa Major
Vulpecula
M75
globular cluster
M6
The Butterfly Cluster open cluster
Ptolemy's Cluster
globular cluster
The Crab Nebula supernova remnant
M1
M40
M97
M109
M49
M58
M61
M89
globular cluster
open cluster
globular cluster
The Wild Duck Cluster
open cluster
open cluster associated with the
Subaru, the Pleiades--the Seven Sisters open cluster
The Triangulum Galaxy
Double Star Winecke 4 (WNC 4)
Bode's Galaxy (nebula) spiral galaxy (type Sb)
The Cigar Galaxy irregular galaxy
The Owl Nebula planetary nebula
The Pinwheel Galaxy
spiral galaxy (type Sc(s)III)
spiral galaxy (type SBb(rs)I)
elliptical galaxy (type E1 or S0_1(1))
spiral galaxy (type Sab(s)II)
elliptical galaxy (type E5)
elliptical galaxy (type E2 or S0_1(2))
spiral galaxy (type Sc(s)I.2)
elliptical or lenticular galaxy (type SB0_2/3(r)(3))
elliptical galaxy (type E3 or S0_1(3))
Virgo A elliptical galaxy (type E0), with Smoking Gun
elliptical galaxy (type E0)
spiral galaxy (type Sab(s)I-II)
The Sombrero Galaxy spiral galaxy (type Sa+/Sb-)
The Dumbbell Nebula planetary nebula
open cluster
Eagle Nebula (IC 4703)
(also Pinwheel) spiral galaxy
spiral galaxy (type Sc) (M102 may be a Duplication
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APPENDIX C
Modern Constellations
constellation abbreviation genitive origin
Andromeda And Andromedae ancient (Ptolemy)
Antlia Ant Antliae 1763, Lacaille
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Apus Aps Apodis
Aquarius Aqr Aquarii ancient (Ptolemy)
Aquila Aql Aquilae ancient (Ptolemy)
Ara Ara Arae ancient (Ptolemy)
Aries Ari Arietis ancient (Ptolemy)
Auriga Aur Aurigae ancient (Ptolemy)
Boötes Boo Boötis ancient (Ptolemy)
Caelum Cae Caeli 1763, Lacaille
1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de
Houtman
Camelopardalis Cam Camelopardalis 1624, Bartsch
Cancer Cnc Cancri ancient (Ptolemy)
Canes Venatici CVn
Canis Major CMa Canis Majoris ancient (Ptolemy)
Canum
Venaticorum
1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius
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Canis Minor CMi Canis Minoris ancient (Ptolemy)
Capricornus Cap Capricorni ancient (Ptolemy)
Carina Car Carinae 1763, Lacaille, split from Argo Navis
Cassiopeia Cas Cassiopeiae ancient (Ptolemy)
Centaurus Cen Centauri ancient (Ptolemy)
Cepheus Cep Cephei ancient (Ptolemy)
Cetus Cet Ceti ancient (Ptolemy)
Chamaeleon Cha Chamaeleontis
Circinus Cir Circini 1763, Lacaille
Columba Col Columbae 1679, Royer, split from Canis Major
Coma Berenices Com Comae Berenices 1603, Uranometria, split from Leo
Corona
Australis
Corona Borealis CrB Coronae Borealis ancient (Ptolemy)
Corvus Crv Corvi ancient (Ptolemy)
[3]
Crater Crt Crateris ancient (Ptolemy)
CrA Coronae Australis ancient (Ptolemy)
1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de
Houtman
Crux Cru Crucis 1603, Uranometria, split from Centaurus
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Cygnus Cyg Cygni ancient (Ptolemy)
Delphinus Del Delphini ancient (Ptolemy)
Dorado Dor Doradus
Draco Dra Draconis ancient (Ptolemy)
Equuleus Equ Equulei ancient (Ptolemy)
Eridanus Eri Eridani ancient (Ptolemy)
Fornax For Fornacis 1763, Lacaille
Gemini Gem Geminorum ancient (Ptolemy)
Grus Gru Gruis
Hercules Her Herculis ancient (Ptolemy)
1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de
Houtman
1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de
Houtman
Horologium Hor Horologii 1763, Lacaille
Hydra Hya Hydrae ancient (Ptolemy)
Hydrus Hyi Hydri
Indus Ind Indi
Lacerta Lac Lacertae 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius
Leo Leo Leonis ancient (Ptolemy)
1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de
Houtman
1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de
Houtman
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Leo Minor LMi Leonis Minoris 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius
Lepus Lep Leporis ancient (Ptolemy)
Libra Lib Librae ancient (Ptolemy)
Lupus Lup Lupi ancient (Ptolemy)
Lynx Lyn Lyncis 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius
Lyra Lyr Lyrae ancient (Ptolemy)
Mensa Men Mensae 1763, Lacaille
Microscopium Mic Microscopii 1763, Lacaille
Monoceros Mon Monocerotis 1624, Bartsch
Musca Mus Muscae
Norma Nor Normae 1763, Lacaille
Octans Oct Octantis 1763, Lacaille
Ophiuchus Oph Ophiuchi ancient (Ptolemy)
Orion Ori Orionis ancient (Ptolemy)
Pavo Pav Pavonis
1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de
Houtman
1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de
Houtman
Pegasus Peg Pegasi ancient (Ptolemy)
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Perseus Per Persei ancient (Ptolemy)
Phoenix Phe Phoenicis
Pictor Pic Pictoris 1763, Lacaille
Pisces Psc Piscium ancient (Ptolemy)
Piscis Austrinus PsA Piscis Austrini ancient (Ptolemy)
Puppis Pup Puppis 1763, Lacaille, split from Argo Navis
Pyxis Pyx Pyxidis 1763, Lacaille
Reticulum Ret Reticuli 1763, Lacaille
Sagitta Sge Sagittae ancient (Ptolemy)
1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de
Houtman
Sagittarius Sgr Sagittarii ancient (Ptolemy)
Scorpius Sco Scorpii ancient (Ptolemy)
Sculptor Scl Sculptoris 1763, Lacaille
Scutum Sct Scuti 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius
Serpens
Sextans Sex Sextantis 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius
Taurus Tau Tauri ancient (Ptolemy)
Telescopium Tel Telescopii 1763, Lacaille
[4]
Ser Serpentis ancient (Ptolemy)
26
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Triangulum Tri Trianguli ancient (Ptolemy)
Triangulum
Australe
Tucana Tuc Tucanae
Ursa Major UMa Ursae Majoris ancient (Ptolemy)
Ursa Minor UMi Ursae Minoris ancient (Ptolemy)
Vela Vel Velorum 1763, Lacaille, split from Argo Navis
Virgo Vir Virginis ancient (Ptolemy)
Volans Vol Volantis
Vulpecula Vul Vulpeculae 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius
TrA Trianguli Australis
1603 Uranometria, created by Keyser and de
Houtman
1603 Uranometria, created by Keyser and de
Houtman
1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de
Houtman
27
APPENDIX D
Celestial Coordinates
www.iOptron.com
Celestial
North Pole
East
North South
Observer’s horizon
Zenith
Median of the location
Altitude
Azimuth
West
Celestial
Nadir
South Pole
FIG.D1
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Celestial
Zenith
North Pole
median of
location
δ, declination
t, hour angle
East
M, midpoint
North South
Observer’s horizon
star hour
circle
Celestial Equator
West
axis of
rotation
Nadir
FIG.D2
South Pole
Celestial
29
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γ
Celestial
Zenith
North Pole
median of
location
δ
, declination
circle
hour
Celestial
Equator
α
, right
ascension
East
North South
Observer’s horizon
star hour
West
axis of
rotation
circle
gamma point
Nadir
FIG. D3
South Pole
Celestial
30
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TIP:
Celestial sphere is an
imaginary sphere of
infinite radius.
NOTE:
You need two numbers
to define a position on
the celestial sphere.
To understand the celestial coordinate systems there are
several concepts that should be clarified.
The Celestial s phere is an imaginary sphere of infinite radius
concentric with the earth on which all celestial bodies are
assumed to be projected. Celestial coordinates are used to
define a point on the celestial sphere. A great circle, a.k.a.,
orthodrome, is the intersection of a sphere and a plane
through its center. For the celestial sphere, a great circle is
the intersection of a plane through the observer (on the earth)
and the celestial sphere. Celestial pole is either of the two
points of intersection of the celestial sphere and the extended
axis of the earth. There are two celestial poles--the north
celestial pole
the point of the celestial sphere vertically overhead. The
Nadir is the point on the celestial sphere vertically below the
observer, or 180 degrees from the zenith. A horizon is a
great circle on the celestial sphere midway between the
zenith and nadir. Celestial meridian is a great circle of the
celestial sphere through the celestial poles and the zenith.
Celestial equator
the equator and the celestial sphere. It is the primary great
circle of the celestial sphere in the equatorial system,
everywhere 90-degree from the celestial poles.
We will talk about two different kinds of celestial coordinate
systems. One is the altazimuth system. And the other is the
equatorial system. The major difference between them is the
referencing great circle. In altazimuth it is the celestial
horizon, while in equatorial it is the celestial equator.
To define a position on the celestial sphere, we need two
angles. In the altazimuth system (FIG. D1) these two angles
are altitude (A) and azimuth (Z). Imagine a vertical plane
perpendicular to the observer’s horizon that passes through
the observer and the star. The intersection of the vertical
plane and the observer’s plane of horizon defines the
azimuth. It is measured from the south (or the north) to the
intersection (in the direction of motion of the star, in degrees,
0°~360°). In GoToNova
On the vertical plane,
intersection to the direction of the star (also in degrees, 90°~90°).
In the equatorial system (FIG. D2 and D3), hour angle (t) is
measured on the equator from the point of intersection of the
celestial equator and the local meridian in the direction of
motion of the star. The value of hour angle is measured in
hours, minutes and seconds instead of degrees.
and the
south celestial pole
is the intersection of the extended plane of
TM
azimuth is measured from the north.
altitude
is measured from the
. The
Zenith
is
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TIP:
Don’t be intimidated by
the geometry. Hands-on
experience will help you
understand the concepts
better.
Since the celestial sphere completes a full rotation in 24 hours,
it follows that: 24 h = 360°, 1 h = 15°, 1 min = 15’, and 1 sec =
15”. The declination (δ, DEC, or D) is measured along the
hour circle (perpendicular to the equator, passing through the
celestial poles) passing through the star from the point it
intersects the equator, it is in degrees. The right ascension
(α, RA or R) is measured on the equator from the gamma
point in the direction opposite to the direction of the motion of
the star. It is in hours, minutes and seconds. Gamma point is
the intersection of the hour circle and the celestial equator.
32
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Appendix E
SPECIFICATIONS
GoToNova
LCD Display…………………………8-line
Alignment……………………………Altazimuth/Equatorial
GPS………………………………….Compatible
CPU………………………………….32 bit
USB Port…………………………….Yes
RS232 Port………………………….Yes
Slewing Speeds…………………….9-Speed (1x, 2x, 8x, 16x, 64x,
128x, 256x, 512x, MAX)
GoToNova
Objects in database………………..130,000+
TM
8401 Specifications
TM
Version………………8401
33
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Appendix F
Products List
Item # Product Product Description Components
SmartStar
#8500 SmartSta
#8502 SmartStar
#8503 SmartStarTM-E-N114 Automatic Newtonian GOTO Telescope #8500, #8732
#8504 SmartStar
#8501 1"Stainless Steel Tripod For SmartStarTM-E 26 .
SmartStar
#8600 SmartStarTM-A Fully Automatic AltAzi/EQ #8411, #8402,
#8602 SmartStar
#8603 SmartStarTM-A-N114 Fully Automatic Newtonian GOTO Telescope #8600, #8734
#8604 SmartStar
#8605 SmartStarTM-A-MC100 Fully Automatic Maksutov-Cassegrain #8600, #8741
#8601 1" AltAzi/EQ Stainless Steel Tripod
#8606 1.5kg Counter Weight .
#8419 SmartStar
#8400 GOTONovaTM #8401
GOTONova
#8401 GOTONovaTM Controller AltAzi/EQ Controller with 130,000 objects in database
#8402 GOTONova
#8403 GOTONovaTM Controller AltAzi/EQ Controller with 5,000 objects in database
Accessories
#8411 GPS Module Compatible with all GOTONovaTM Models
#8412 Electronic Focuser Module
#8413 2" Stainless Steel tripod For EQ、CG5、GPD、LX75 Mounts
#8414 EQ5 Equatorial Mount
#8415 Controller Cable Compatible with all GOTONovaTM Models
#8416 USB Cable For #8401, #8402 Controllers
#8417 AC Adaptor Compatible with all GOTONovaTM Models
#8418 12V Car Recharger
TM
-E Series
TM
-A Series
Dual-Axis Motor Kit For EQ、CG5、GPD、LX75 Mounts Dual-Axis Motor
TM
and Cable
rTM
-E GOTO Mount AltAzi Mount, #1403, #1501
TM
-E-R80 Automatic Refractor GOTO Telescope #8500, #8701
TM
-E-MC90 Automatic Maksutov GOTO Telescope #8500, #8740
TM
-A-R80 Fully Automatic Refractor GOTO Telescope #8600, #8701
TM
-A-MC90 Fully Automatic Maksutov-Cassegrain
GOTO Mount with GPS #8601
GOTO Telescope #8600, #8740
GOTO Telescope
For SmartStar
TM
-PR GOTO Equatorial Mount #8400, #8413,
TM
-A
#8414
Controllers
TM
Controller AltAzi/EQ Controller with 50,000 objects in database
(for SmartStarTM-E)
34
www.iOptron.com
IOPTRON TWO YEAR TELESCOPE, MOUNT, AND CONTROLLER
WARRANTY
A. iOptron warrants your telescope, mount, or controller to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for two
years. iOptron will repair or replace such product or part which, upon inspection by iOptron, is found to be defective in
materials or workmanship. As a condition to the obligation of iOptron to repair or replace such product, the product must
be returned to iOptron together with proof-of-purchase satisfactory to iOptron.
B. The Proper Return Authorization Number must be obtained from iOptron in advance of return. Call iOptron at
1.866.399.4587 to receive the number to be displayed on the outside of your shipping container.
All returns must be accompanied by a written statement stating the name, address, and daytime telephone number of the
owner, together with a brief description of any claimed defects. Parts or product for which replacement is made shall
become the property of iOptron.
The customer shall be responsible for all costs of transportation and insurance, both to and from the factory of iOptron,
and shall be required to prepay such costs.
iOptron shall use reasonable efforts to repair or replace any telescope, mount, or controller covered by this warranty
within thirty days of receipt. In the event repair or replacement shall require more than thirty days, iOptron shall notify the
customer accordingly. iOptron reserves the right to replace any product which has been discontinued from its product line
with a new product of comparable value and function.
This warranty shall be void and of no force of effect in the event a covered product has been modified in design or
function, or subjected to abuse, misuse, mishandling or unauthorized repair. Further, product malfunction or deterioration
due to normal wear is not covered by this warranty.
IOPTRON DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WHETHER OF MERCHANTABILITY OF FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR USE, EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH HERE. THE SOLE OBLIGATION OF IOPTRON
UNDER THIS LIMITED WARRANTY SHALL BE TO REPAIR OR REPLACE THE COVERED PRODUCT, IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS SET FORTH HERE. IOPTRON EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY LOST PROFITS,
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHICH MAY RESULT FROM BREACH OF ANY
WARRANTY, OR ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE ANY IOPTRON PRODUCT. ANY WARRANTIES
WHICH ARE IMPLIED AND WHICH CANNOT BE DISCLAIMED SHALL BE LIMITED IN DURATION TO A TERM OF
TWO YEARS FROM THE DATE OF ORIGINAL RETAIL PURCHASE.
Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages or limitation on how long an
implied warranty lasts, so the above limitations and exclusions may not apply to you.
This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.
iOptron reserves the right to modify or discontinue, without prior notice to you, any model or style telescope.
If warranty problems arise, or if you need assistance in using your telescope, mount, or controller contact:
NOTE: This warranty is valid to U.S.A. and Canadian customers who have purchased this product from an authorized
iOptron dealer in the U.S.A. or Canada or directly from iOptron. Warranty outside the U.S.A. and Canada is valid only to
customers who purchased from an iOptron Distributor or Authorized iOptron Dealer in the specific country. Please contact
them for any warranty service.
iOptron Corporation
Customer Service Department
6X Gill Street
Woburn, MA 01801
www.ioptron.com
Tel. (866)399-4597
Fax. (781)935-2860
Monday-Friday 9AM-5PM EST
35
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