The ISL97632 represents an efficient and highly integrated
PWM boost LED driver that is suitable for 1.8” to 3.5” LCDs
that employ 2 to 6 white LEDs for backligh ti n g. With
integrated Schottky diode, OVP, and dynamic digital
dimming capability , the ISL97632 provides a simple, reliable,
and flexible solution to the backlight designers.
The ISL97632 features a simple single-wire digital interface
that provides a 5-bit dimming control. The dimming signal
adjusts the FB voltage and therefore the LED brightness in a
DC manner in 32 linear steps. An EN pin can be used to
provide a zero brightness setting or shutdown power saving
function.
The ISL97632 is available in the 8 Ld TDFN (2mmx3mm)
package. There are 14V , 18V, and 26V OVP options that are
suitable for 3, 4, and 6 LEDs backlight applications
respectively. The ISL97632 is specified for operation over
the -40°C to +85°C ambient temperature at input voltage
from 2.4V to 5.5V.
Pinout
ISL97632
(8 LD 2x3 TDFN)
TOP VIEW
GND
VIN
EN
SDIN
1
2
3
4
LX
8
VOUT
7
FBSW
6
FB
5
Typical Application Circuit
VIN
EN
SDIN
GND
10µH or 22µH
LX
VOUT
FBSW
FB
VIN
FN9239.3
Features
• 5-Bit Digital Dimming Control
• Drives up to 6 LEDs in Series
• OVP (14V , 18V and 26V for 3, 4, and 6 LEDs applications)
• Integrated Schottky Diode
• 2.4V to 5.5V input
• 86% Efficiency
• 1.4MHz Switching Frequency Allows Small LC
• Enable for Shutdown Function or Zero Brightness Setting
NOTE: These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ
special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach
materials and 100% matte tin plate PLUS ANNEAL - e3 termination
finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and
Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil Pb-free products are MSL
classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed
the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
PART
MARKING
TAPE AND REEL
(Pb-Free)
PKG.
DWG.#
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774
| Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2006-2008. All Rights Reserved
Lead Temperature (S oldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+300°C
(°C/W) θJC (°C/W)
JA
Operating Conditions
Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +85°C
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and
result in failures not covered by warranty.
IMPORTANT NOTE: All parameters having Min/Max specifications are guaranteed over temperature of -40°C to +85°C unless otherwise stated. Typical va lues are for
information purposes only at TJ = TC = TA = +25°C.
NOTE:
1. θ
is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See
JA
Tech Brief TB379.
2. For θ
Electrical SpecificationsV
PARAMETERDESCRIPTIONCONDITIONMINTYPMAXUNIT
R
t
LOGIC-LOAD
t
LOGIC-HIGH
, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.
1Timing Range for Logic 1SDIN = low1545μs
0Timing Range for Logic 0SDIN = low90120μs
Timing Range for LoadSDIN = low215μs
Minimum Valid SDIN High
Time
IDIODE = 100mA, TA = +25°C600850mV
ISL97632IRT18Z18V
ISL97632IRT26Z2628V
SDIN = high3μs
9.8mV
2
FN9239.3
February 22, 2008
Block Diagram
www.BDTIC.com/Intersil
VIN (2.4V to 5.5V)
CIN
ISL97632
L
VINENLX
1.4MHZ OSCILLATOR AND RAMP
GENERATOR
PWM
COMPARATOR
GM AMP
COMPENSATION
SDIN
PWM LOGIC
CONTROLLER
GM
AMPLIFIER
CURRENT
10 - 186mV
SERIAL
INTERFACE
ISL97632
FET
DRIVER
SENSE
EN
BANDGAP
REFERENCE
GENERATOR
V
OUT
GND
FBSW
FB
2 to 6 LEDs
RSET
C
OUT
Pin Descriptions
PIN
NUMBER
1GNDGround Pin. Connect to local ground.
2VINInput Supply Pin. Connect to the input supply voltag e, t he ind uctor a nd t he inp ut sup ply decoup ling
3ENEnable Pin. Connect to enable signal to turn-on or off the device. Active High.
4SDINSingle-Wire XSD Digital Interface.
5FBFeedback Pin. Connect to the cathode of bottom LED and the sense resistor.
6FBSWOptional FB Disconnect Switch.
7VOUTOutput Pin. Connect to the ano de o f t he t op L ED and t he o utpu t f ilte r ca pacitor.
8LXSwitching Pin. Connect to inductor.
PIN
NAMEDESCRIPTION
capacitor.
3
FN9239.3
February 22, 2008
Single-Wire Serial Interface
www.BDTIC.com/Intersil
30µs100µs220µs
'1''0''1''0''0''LOAD'
020040060080010001200µs
FIGURE 1. SINGLE-WIRE XSD INTERFACE
The ISL97632 uses a simple single-wire serial interface for
programming the output brightness of the LEDs. A 5-bit
interface is used to give a total of 32 levels of output
brightness. The interface uses a normally high connection
for use with open-drain driving schemes and Intersil’s
proprietary XSD bus. When held low for between 15µs and
45µs, the interface registers a logic 1. When held low for
between 90µs and 120µs the interface registers a logic 0.
When held low for greater tha t 215µs, the i nterface load s the
last 5 bits into the brightness control register and updates
the brightness level. The required minimu m high time is 3µs.
This simple single-wire programming is summarized as
follow:
ISL97632
• Logic 0 = Negative pulse >90µs and <120µs
• Logic 1 = Negative pulse >15µs and <45µs
• Load = Negative pulse >215µs
Figure 1 shows an example of programming a binary code of
10100 and load it in to the device serial register.
The serial interface is automatically reset to 0 when the
device is disabled, or enters UVLO. Therefore, when the part
is enabled, the output brightness is automatically set to the
minimum level.
4
FN9239.3
February 22, 2008
Typical Performace Curves
www.BDTIC.com/Intersil
ISL97632
90
4.2V IN 4 LEDs OUT (15µH)
85
80
75
70
65
EFFICIENCY (%)
60
55
50
3.6V IN 4 LEDs OUT (15µH)
4.2V IN 4 LEDs OUT (22µH)
3.6V IN 4 LEDs OUT (22µH)
051015202530354045
3.6V IN 4 LEDs OUT (10µH)
4.2V IN 4 LEDs OUT (10µH)
I
(mA)
OUT
FIGURE 2. EFFICIENCY vs LED CURRENTFIGURE 3. QUIESCENT CURRENT vs VIN (ENAB = HI)
20.08
20.04
20.00
(mA)
O
I
19.96
19.92
051015202530
FIGURE 4. LOAD REGULATION (V
V
OUT
(V)
= 4V)FIGURE 5. LINE REGULATION
IN
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
Iq (mA)
0.2
0
- 0.2
0
19.76
19.74
19.72
19.70
(mA)
O
19.68
I
19.66
19.64
19.62
2.53.03.54.04.55.05.5
1234 5
V
(V)
IN
V
(V)
IN
40
R
35
30
25
20
(mA)
O
I
15
10
5
0
= 4.7Ω
SET
05101520253035
CODE = DECIMAL
FIGURE 6. ILED vs PROGRAMMING CODES
5
FN9239.3
February 22, 2008
ISL97632
www.BDTIC.com/Intersil
Detailed Description
The ISL97632 uses a constant frequency, current mode
control scheme to provide excellent line and load regulation.
There are three OVP models for driving 3, 4, and 6 LEDs and
their OVP thresholds
respectively . The ISL97632 ope rate s from a n input volt ag e of
2.4V to 5.5V and ambient temperature from -40°C to +85°C.
The switching frequency is around 1.45MHz and allows the
driver circuit to employ small LC components. The forward
current of the LED is set using the R
state mode, the LED current is given by Equation 1:
V
FB
--------------------
I
LED
==
S()
R
where S is the 5-bit Serial Interface Setting or Digital code
from 0 to 31 programmed in the XSD single-wire interface.
The default setting is 0 and the VFB is at minimum.
Dimming Cont rol
The ISL97632 powers up to provide minimium current. By
programming the digital code with the Intersil’s XSD singlewire interface as shown in Figure 1, the current can be
changed linearly with the digital code from 0 to 31. Figure 6
shows LED current versus the programming codes.
Overvoltage Protection
The ISL97632 comes with overvoltage protection. The
OVP trip points are at 14V, 18V, and 26V for
ISL97632IRT14Z, ISL97632IRT18Z, and
ISL97632IRT26Z respectively. The maximum numbers of
LEDs and OVP threshold are shown in Table 1. When the
device reaches the OVP, the LX stops switching, disabling
the boost circuit until V
threshold. At this point, LX will be allowed t o switch agai n.
The OVP event will not cause the device to shutdown
There are three OVP options so that the 3 LEDs
application should use the 14V OVP device and the 6 LEDs
application should use the 26V OVP device. An output
capacitor that is only rated for the required voltage range can
therefore be used which will optimize the component costs in
some cases.
Shut-Down
An active high EN pin is normally on but this pin can be used
as a shutdown power saving function or zero brightness
setting. When taken low the EN pin places the ISL97632 into
power down mode down where the supply current is
reduced to less than 1µA. The EN pin cannot be used as
PWM input as the part resets to 0 whenever EN is low. To
resume previous setting, the device needs to be
reprogrammed.
Output Disconnect
The ISL97632 features a FBSW feedback disconnect switch
that can be used in between the LED and Rset for an
optional short-circuit protection. For example, the user may
build an external short circuit detection to monitor the V
If the V
goes low due to one or more LEDs which are
OUT
OUT
shorted, the circuit can release the EN and FBSW switch to
disconnect the LEDs.
Components Selection
The input capacitance is typically 0.22µF to 4.7µF. The
output capacitor should be in the range of 0.22µF to 1µF.
X5R or X7R type of ceramic capacitors of the appropriate
voltage rating are recommended.
When choosing an inductor, make sure the average and
peak current ratings are adequate by using the following
equations (80% efficiency assumed):
is the peak-to-peak inductor current ripple in Amps
L
• L is the inductance in H.
is the switching frequency, typically 1.45MHz
•f
OSC
The ISL97632 supports a wide range of inductance values
(10µH~82µH). For lower inductor values or lighter loads, the
boost inductor current may become discontinuous. For high
boost inductor values, the boost inductor current will be in
continuous mode.
In addition to the inductor value and switching frequency, the
input voltage, the number of LEDs and the LED current also
affect whether the converter operates in continuous
conduction or discontinuous conduction mode. Both operating
modes are allowed and normal. The discontinuos conduction
mode yields lower efficiency due to higher peak current.
Compensation
The product of the output capacitor and the load create a
pole while the inductor creates a right half plane zero. Both
attributes degrade the phase margin but the ISL97632 has
an internal compensation network that ensures the device
operates reliabily under the specified conditions. The
internal compensation and the highly integrated functions of
the ISL97632 make it a design friendly device to be used in
high volume high reliability applications.
.
6
FN9239.3
February 22, 2008
ISL97632
www.BDTIC.com/Intersil
Applications
Efficiency Improvement
Figure 2 shows the efficiency measurements. The choice of
the inductor has a significant impact on the power efficiency.
As shown in Equation 4, the higher the inductance, the lower
the peak current therefore the lower the conduction and
switching losses. On the other hand, it has also a higher
series resistance. Nevertheless, the efficiency improvement
from lowering the peak current is greater than the impact of
the resistance increase with larger value of inductor.
Efficiency can also be improved for systems that have high
supply voltages. Since the ISL97632 can only supply from
2.4V to 5.5V, V
voltage for the boost circuit as shown in Figure 7 and the
efficiency improvement is shown in Figure 8.
Vs = 12V
C1
1µ
V
= 2.7V TO 5.5V
IN
0.1µ
C2
FIGURE 7. SEPERATE HIGH INPUT VOL TAGE FOR HIGHER
90
85
80
75
EFFICIENCY (%)
70
FIGURE 8. EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT WITH 9V AND 12V
8 LEDs Operation
For medium size LCDs that need more than 6 low power
LEDs for backlighting, such as a Portable Media Player or
Automotive Navigation Panel displays, the voltage range of
the ISL97632 is not sufficient. However, the ISL97632 can
be used as an LED controller with an external protection
must be seperated from the high supply
IN
C3
L1
12
22µ
VIN
ISL97632
EN
SDIN
EFFICIENCY OPERATION
VS = 12V
0
5101520
INPUTS
LX
VOUT
FBSW
FB
GND
VS = 9V
ILED (mA)
0.22µ
R1
VIN = 4V
6 LEDs
L1 = 22µH
R1 = 4Ω
2530
4Ω
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
25mA
MOSFET connected in cascode fashion to achieve higher
output voltage. A conceptual 8 LEDs driver circuit is shown
in Figure 9. A 60V logic level N-Channel MOSFET is
configured such that its drain ties between the inductor and
the anode of schottky diode, its gate ties to the input, and its
source ties to the ISL97632 LX node connecting to the drain
of the internal switch. When the interna l sw it ch turns on, it
pulls the source of M1 down to ground, and LX conducts as
normal. When the internal switch turns off, the source of M1
will be pulled up by the follower action of M1, limiting the
maximum voltage on the ISL97632 LX pin to below Vin, but
allowing the output voltage to go much higher than the
breakdown limit on the LX pin. The switch current limit and
maximum duty cycle will not be changed by this setup, so
input voltage will need to be carefully considered to make
sure that the required output voltage and current levels are
achievable. Because the source of M1 is effectively floating
when the internal LX switch is off, the drain-to-source
capacitance of M1 may be sufficient to capacitively pull the
node high enough to breaks down the gate oxide of M1. To
prevent this, VOUT should be connected to VIN, allowing the
internal schottky to limit the peak voltage. This will also hold
the VOUT pin at a known low voltage, preventing the built in
OVP function from causing problems. This OVP function is
effectively useless in this mode as the real output voltage is
outside its intended range. If the user wants to implement
their own OVP protection (to prevent damage to the output
capacitor, they should insert a zener from vout to the FB pin.
In this setup, it would be wise not to use the FBSW to FB
switch as otherwise the zener will have to be a high power
one capable of dissipating the entire LED load power. Then
the LED stack can then be connected directly to the sense
resistor and via a 10k resistor to FB. A zener can be placed
from Vout to the FB pin allowing an over voltage event to pull
up on FB with a low breakdown current (and thus low power
zener) as a result of the 10k resistor.
V
= 2.7V TO 5.5V
IN
C1
1µ
C2
0.1µ
FIGURE 9. CONCEPTUAL 8 LEDS HIGH VOLTAGE DRIVER
L1
12
2.2µ
VOUT
VIN
EN
SDIN
ISL97632
FBSW
GND
LX
FB
M1
R1
D0
10BQ100
FQT13N06L
SK011C226KAR
6.3Ω
C3
4.7µ
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
SEPIC Operation
For applications where the output voltage is not always
above the input voltage, a buck or boost regulation is
needed. A SEPIC (Single Ended Primary Inductance
7
FN9239.3
February 22, 2008
ISL97632
www.BDTIC.com/Intersil
Converter) topology, (shown in Figure ), can be considered
for such an application. A single cell Li-Ion battery
operating a cellphone backlight or flashlight is one
example. The battery voltage is between 2.5V and 4.2V
depending on the state of charge. On the other hand, the
output may require only one 3V to 4V medium power LED
for illumination because the light guard of the backlight
assembly is optimized or it is a cost efficiency trade off
reason.
In fact, a SEPIC configured LED driver is flexible enough to
allow the output to be well above or below the input voltage,
unlike the previous example. Another example is when the
number of LEDs and input requirements are different from
platform to platform, a common circuit and PCB that fit all the
platforms, in some cases, may be beneficial enough that
it
outweights the disadvantage of adding additional component
cost. L1 and L2 can be a coupled inductor in one package.
VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V
C1
1µ
C2
0.1µ
1
VIN
EN
SDIN
L1
22µ
2
LX
VOUT
FBSW
FB
GND
C3
V
A
R1
V
B
1µ
1Ω
L2
22µ
C4 0.22µ
D1
boost regulator operation, except the lowest reference point
is at -V
V
. The output is approximated as:
IN
D
------------------
=
OUTVIN
1D–()
(EQ. 5)
where D is the on-time of the PWM duty cycle.
The convenience of SEPIC comes with some trade off in
addition to the additional L and C cost s. The ef ficiency is
usually lowered because of the relatively large efficiency
loss through the Schottky diode if the output voltage is low.
The L2 series resistance also contributes additional loss.
Figure 11 shows the efficiency measurement of a single LED
application as the input varies between 2.7V and 4.2V.
Note, V
is considered the level-shifted LX node of a
B
standard boost regulator. The higher the input voltage, the
lower the V
voltage will be during PWM on period. The
B
result is that the efficiency will be lower at higher input
voltages because the SEPIC has to work harder to boost up
to the required level. This behavior is the opposite to the
standard boost regulator’s and the comparison is shown in
Figure 11.
76
72
VIN = 2.7V
FIGURE 10. SEPIC LED DRIVER
The simplest way to understand SEPIC topology is to think
about it as a boost regulator in which the input voltge is level
shifted downward at the same magnitude and the lowest
reference level starts at -V
rather than 0V.
IN
The SEPIC works as follows; assume the circuit in Figure 10
operates normally when the ISL97632 internal switch opens
and it is in the PWM off state after a short duration where few
LC time constants elapsed, the circuit is considered in the
steady-state within the PWM off period that L1 and L2 are
shorted. V
charged to V
switch closes and the circuit is in the PWM on state, V
is therefore shorted to the ground and C3 is
B
with VA = VIN. When the ISL97632 internal
IN
is
A
now pulled to ground. Since the voltage in C3 cannot be
changed instantenously, V
becomes -V
opens, V
. The next cycle when the ISL97632 switch
IN
boosts up to the targetted output like the standard
B
is shifted downward and
B
68
EFFICIENCY (%)
64
60
05101520
FIGURE 11. EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT OF A SINGLE LED
SEPIC DRIVER
VIN = 4.2V
1 LED
L1 = L2 = 22µH
C3 = 1µF
R1 = 4.7Ω
ILED (mA)
PCB Layout Considerations
The layout is very important for the converter to function
properly . R
and GND pins. Longer traces to the LEDs are acceptable.
Similarly , th e supply decoupl ing cap and the output filter ca p
should be as close as possible to the VIN and VOUT pins.
The heat of the IC is mainly dissipated through the thermal
pad of the package. Maximize the copper area conn ected to
this pad if possible. In addition, a solid ground plane is always
helpful for the EMI performance.
must be located as close as possible to the FB
SET
8
FN9239.3
February 22, 2008
ISL97632
www.BDTIC.com/Intersil
Thin Dual Flat No-Lead Plastic Package (TDFN)
(DATUM A)
NX (b)
5
INDEX
AREA
SEATING
(DATUM B)
6
INDEX
AREA
NX L
8
A
6
C
PLANE
(A1)
D
TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW
D2
D2/2
12
N
N-1
e
(Nd-1)Xe
REF.
BOTTOM VIEW
2X
A3
NX b
5
C
L
E
A
87
E2/2
0.10
2X
E2
ABC0.15
//
0.15
NX k
CB
0.10
0.08
L
L8.2x3A
8 LEAD THIN DUAL FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
MILLIMETERS
SYMBOL
A0.700.750.80A1--0.05A30.20 REF-
b0.200.250.325,8
D2.00 BSCD21.501.651.757,8
C
C
E3.00 BSCE21.651.801.907,8
e0.50 BSC-
k0.20 - - -
L0.300.400.508
N82
Nd43
NOTES:
1. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to ASME Y14.5-1994.
2. N is the number of terminals.
3. Nd refers to the number of terminals on D.
4. All dimensions are in millimeters. Angles are in degrees.
5. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.25mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
7. Dimensions D2 and E2 are for the exposed p ads which provide
BAMC
improved electrical and thermal performance.
8. Nominal dimensions are provided to assist with PCB Land
Pattern Design efforts, see Intersil Technical Brief TB389.
NOTESMINNOMINALMAX
Rev. 0 6/04
SECTION "C-C"
FOR EVEN TERMINAL/SIDE
CC
e
TERMINAL TIP
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems.
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implic atio n or other wise u nde r any p a tent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
9
FN9239.3
February 22, 2008
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