II Morrow Inc 360 User Manual

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

User’s Guide

II Morrow Inc.

2345 Turner Road S.E.

Salem, Oregon 97309

February 1997 P/N 560-0123-01B

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any
means without the express written consent of II Morrow Inc.

II Morrow is a trademark of II Morrow Inc.

Apollo is a registered trademarkof II Morrow Inc.

© 1997 by II Morrow Inc. All rights reserved.

Printed in the U.S.A.

II Morrow Inc.
Consumer Products Division
2345 Turner Road S.E.
Salem, OR 97302

U.S.A. Toll Free 800-525-6726
Canada Toll Free 800-654-3415
FAX [phone]
International [phone]

P/N 560-0123-01 B

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

History of Revisions

October 1994 Original Release

October 1996 Revision 01 A

February 1997

Notice regarding 8-channel receiver added to page 3-6

Ordering Information

To receive additional copies of this publication, order part
#560-0123, Apollo 360 GPS User’s Guide.

Revision 01 B

P/N 560-0123-01 B

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver About This Manual

About This Manual

This manual is divided into seven sections, each contains
information of a specifi c type. This information is
presented in a logical order such that the best
understanding of unitoperation can be had by reading this
manual in its entirety from front to back. T he five
appendices at the back of this manual contain information
helpful, but not critical to operation of the Apollo 360.

Those who are familiar with GPS navigation devices will
find that Sections 2 and 3 impart a good understanding of
unit operation, although it is recommended that a more
thoroughknowledgeofhowto use the Apollo360isgained
before using it as a navigation aid.

Here is a brief summary of information presented in each
section and appendix.

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

P/N 560-0123-01 i

An explanation of basic concepts of the Global
Positioning System (GPS) and how a GPS receiver
works.

Note

Those familiar with GPS navigation may wish to skip
Section 1 and proceed to Section 2 to begin using the
Apollo 360.

An introduction to operating the Apollo 360 GPS
receiver with a description of the function keys, knobs,
and useful features

Alistingofthestepsnecessary to beginnavigatingusing
the Apollo GPS receiver

Information on using the unit to navigate a trip and a
description of navigation options

About This Manual Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Section 5 An explanation of each main menu option
Section 6 A description of the waypoint database and information

it contains

Appendix

A

A glossary of navigation and GPS terms

Appendix

B

A listing of map datums included with the Apollo 360

Appendix

C

A tutorial containing instructions on how to “fly” the
Apollo 360 GPS receiver using the built-in simulator

Appendix

D

A troubleshooting guide explaining what to do if the
receiver fails to operate properly

Appendix

E

Summary of features

ii P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver About This Manual

Welcome...

Welcome to the ever-growing family of II Morrow
customers using Apollo products around the world to
navigate with a high degree of accuracy. We at II Morrow
are proud of our reputation as a leading manufacturer of
navigation equipment. Your Apollo model 360 GPS
receiverisanadvancednavigation devicebuiltwithquality
and pride. We are certain you will find it to be a versatile
and valuable navigation instrument.

Contacting

the

Factory

Our staff of service technicians is available to assist you
with any operational difficulties you may experience or to
answer questions about your Apollo 360. Contact the
factory anytime from 8:00 A.M. until 5:00 P.M. Pacific
time Monday through Friday (excluding holidays).

II Morrow Inc.
Technical Service Department
2345 Turner Road S.E.
Salem, OR 97301
U.S.A.

U.S.A. Toll Free 800-525-6726
Canada Toll Free 800-654-3415
FAX [phone]
International [phone]

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About This Manual Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Caution

The Apollo 360 is a powerful navigation tool, but you
should never rely solely on any one piece of navigation
equipment.Itisimportanttomaintain a constantawareness
ofthenavigationpictureby using all appropriateresources.

This device should be installed only by an FAA certified
facility. Certified avionicstechnicians will properlyinstall
and checkout your Apollo 360, ensuring trouble free
operation when you fly with the unit.

Federal Aviation Administration regulations require pilots
to practice SEE and AVOID. Do not study this manual
while flying. Make your first flight using the Apollo 360
during good weather in a low traffic area. Read at least
Sections 2 and 3 of this manual before you fly.

The Apollo 360 is equipped with a built-in simulator to
allow you to practice navigating without actually flying.
Appendix C at the back of this manual contains a tutorial
section explaining how to use the simulator. Try this
helpful tool to familiarize yourself with operating the unit
before navigating with the Apollo 360.

Remember, use the Apollo 360 for VFR operation only.

iv P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Section Subject Page

1 Introduction to GPS Navigation

Overview ................................ 1-1

GPS System Accuracy...................... 1-2

Summary ................................ 1-2

2 Introduction to the Apollo GPS Receiver

The Operating Functions .................... 2-1

Function Keys ............................ 2-2

Navigation Function ....................... 2-2

Menu Function............................ 2-3

Goto and Nearest Functions ................. 2-3

New Waypoint Function .................... 2-3

Waypoint Information Function .............. 2-3

The Display .............................. 2-4

Display Care and Cleaning Instructions...... 2-4

LCD Backlight Switch ................... 2-5

Helpful Instructions on the Display ......... 2-5

Control Knobs ............................ 2-5

The Power Knob........................ 2-6

The Concentric Rotary Knobs ............. 2-6

The Display Screens ....................... 2-7

The Startup Screen ...................... 2-7

Navigation Function Screens .............. 2-8

Menu Function Screen ................... 2-9

Goto and Nearest Function Screens........ 2-11

New Waypoint Function Screen .......... 2-12

Waypoint Information Function Screen..... 2-13

Summary ............................... 2-13

3 Getting Started

Power Up ................................ 3-1

Entering a Seed Position .................... 3-2

Checking GPS Signal Strength ............... 3-5

Checking Each Satellite..................... 3-6

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Table of Contents Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Entering a Destination Waypoint ............. 3-7

Summary ................................ 3-9

Section Subject Page

4 Navigating a Trip

About the Navigation Function ............... 4-1

About Navigation Function Screens ........... 4-1

GPS Signal Strength Screen............... 4-2

Current Messages Screen ................. 4-3

Present Position Screen .................. 4-5

Bearing/ETA/Track Screen ............... 4-6

Bearing/Range/Ground Speed Screen ....... 4-6

Moving Map/Nav Window Screen ......... 4-7

Moving Map Screen..................... 4-8

Zooming In or Out ...................... 4-9

Auto Zoom ............................ 4-9

The Route Screen ...................... 4-10

Searching for Nearest Waypoints ............ 4-10

Creating Waypoints ....................... 4-11

Getting Waypoint Information .............. 4-12

Destination Waypoint Information ........ 4-13

Information About Other Waypoints....... 4-13

Information About Nearest Waypoints ..... 4-13

Scanning Waypoints for Information....... 4-14

Navigating Multiple Leg Trips .............. 4-15

Creating a Route....................... 4-15

Changing a Route Waypoint ............. 4-17

Adding a Route Waypoint ............... 4-18

Deleting Route Waypoints ............... 4-19

Starting a Route ....................... 4-20

Stopping or Holding a Route ............. 4-21

Resuming a Route...................... 4-22

Route “Direct To”...................... 4-22

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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Table of Contents

Section Subject Page

5 Menu Function Options

The Main Menu ........................... 5-3

Changing Menu Option Settings ........... 5-3

Return to Nav .......................... 5-3

Operation Mode ........................ 5-4

Time and Place ......................... 5-5

Screen Controls ........................ 5-5

Map Setups ............................ 5-6

Declutter Maps ......................... 5-7

Track Point History ..................... 5-8

Arrival Alerts .......................... 5-9

Airspace Alerts........................ 5-10

CDI Scale ............................ 5-10

Magnetic Variation..................... 5-11

Countdown Time ...................... 5-12

Display Units ......................... 5-13

Serial Outputs......................... 5-14

User Waypoint Management ............. 5-15

System Info 1 ......................... 5-16

System Info 2 ......................... 5-16

Default Settings .......................... 5-18

6 The Waypoint Database

Database Structure......................... 6-1

Available Waypoint Information.............. 6-1

ARPT Waypoints ....................... 6-1

VOR Waypoints ........................ 6-2

NDB Waypoints ........................ 6-3

INT Waypoints......................... 6-3

USER Waypoints ....................... 6-4

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Table of Contents Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Appendices

A Glossary of Navigation Terms

B Map Datums

C Tutorial

D Troubleshooting

Contacting the Factory......................D-3

E Features

viii P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to GPS Navigation

Section 1
Introduction to GPS Navigation

GPS

Overview

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a constellation of
24 satellites in six orbit lanes 10,898 nautical miles above
the earth at an inclination angle of about 55 degrees from
theequator.Eachsatelliteorbitsthe earth twice in24hours.

The GPS was developed and the satellites launched by the
U.S. Department of Defense with the original intent of
supplying highly accurate position fix information for
military applications. In r ecent years, commercial
applications for the information provided by this system
have steadily increased in the civilian sector. Some of the
more popular civilian usesof the system includesurveying
and position fix data recording for civil engineering
applications, and a broad range of marine, aviation, and
terrestrial navigation applications.

While orbiting the earth, each GPS satellite transmits
complex streams of data containing the operational status
and orbital location of all the satellites in the system. The
Apollo 360 receives this data stream and processes the
information to determine which satellites are “visible” to
the receiver’s antenna. With this determination made, the

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Introduction to GPS Navigation Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

receiverchooses satellites to calculate a position fix.Using
information transmitted from three or more satellites, the
unit can calculate latitude and longitude (usually
abbreviated lat/lon); with four or more satellites, GPS
altitude can also be calculated.

GPS

System

Accuracy

TheGPSallowsahighdegreeofpositionfixaccuracy.The
system can produce a position fix accurate to within less
than one meter. Due to concern for national security, the
U.S. Department of Defense introduces constant errors to
the transmitted satellite data to degrade the accuracy of the
system. Called Selective Availability, this practice limits
GPS position fix accuracy to about 100 meters, although
the relative position of the satellites to one another, their
elevation above the horizon, and other factors can also
affect accuracy of the po sition fix. Under optimal
conditions,accuracycanimprovetowithin 10 meters.GPS
position fix accuracy is not affected by atmospheric
conditions.

GPS altitude is based on a mathematical model of the
sphereofthe earth. Including intentional degradation, GPS
altitude may differ from barometric altitude by several
hundred feet.

Summary Unlike navigation aids providing a position fix with data

from land-based sources, the Apollo 360 can provide an
accurate position fix over land or sea anywhere in the
world. The unit includes an extensive database of useful
waypoint information and allows you to create up to 2,000
“customized” waypoints of your own. With the power of
this navigation device in the cockpit, you can easily
navigate with unsurpassed accuracy.

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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360

Section 2
Introduction to the Apollo 360

This section introduces you to theApollo 360 and explains
how to use and switch between the unit’s operating
functions. A description of information that shows on the
display when you use each function is included at the back
of this section. Section 3 builds on the introductory
information presented here as you switch on and begin
using the Apollo 360.

The

Operating

Functions

There are five main operating functions, each performing
a different and unique task while you navigate. Each
function also provides one or more screens of information
on the display. At least one of these functions is always in
use when the unit is on. T he functions operate
independently of one another, so you can switch between
them freely without disrupting navigation.

The five operating functions are:

Navigation (always active)
Menu
Goto and nearest
New waypoint
Waypoint information

As you set up and navigate a course with the Apollo 360,
you will typically use several of these operating functions.
During the trip, you will use the navigation function most
of the time to monitor your progress. To most effectively
use the Apollo 360, become well acquainted with each
operating function.

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Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Function

Keys

Navigation

Function

Each of the operating functions is easily accessible from
the front panel by using the function keys. Remember, the
navigation function is always active -pressing a key is not
necessary to enable it.

This function starts automatically when the unit is
switched on and stays active. You will use this function
most often while flying. The navigation function provides
information about:

Your current position and navigation progress to a
destination

GPS satellite signals
Routes, or trips with multiple legs
Events or conditions important to trip navigation

Navigationfunction screens show on the display whenever
other functions are not in use.

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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360

Menu

Function

Goto and

Nearest

Functions

New

Waypoint

Function

Use this function to access a menu of options that modify
the way navigation information shows on the display. In
this way, you may customize the Apollo 360 to best suit
your navigation requirements. The menu function also
controls many other important ways the unit operates.

The goto and nearest functions operate together. Press this
key once for the goto function or twice for the nearest
function. Use the goto function to assign a destination
waypoint, perhaps one you create, or a waypoint from the
Apollo 360’s built-in database. The nearest function,
always available when you use the goto function, provides
a list of waypoints nearest to your present position. These
twofunctionsallowyoutoquickly and easilycreateaflight
plan, or change it while navigating.

Use the waypoint function to create your own waypoints
andstorethemintheApollo360’smemory. You cancreate
up to 2,000 of your own waypoints, each with a name you
choose.You can create waypoints based upon your present
position, or yo u can enter latitude and longitude
coordinates (usually abbreviated lat/lon) to define the
waypoint location.

Waypoint

Information

Function

Use this function to get information aboutany waypoint in
the Apollo 360’s built-in database, including those you
have created and stored. Available information includes:

Waypoint identifier and type (airport, VOR, NDB, or
intersection)

Bearing and distance to the waypoint from your current
position

Lat/lon coordinates of waypoint
For airports, the elevation, fuel availability and type,

radio communication frequencies, runway details, and
more

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Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

The

Display

Display

Care and

Cleaning

Instructions

The display shows information for each operating
function. This information typically includes navigation
progress, waypoint information, satellite tracking status,
and menu options and selections. Display contrast and the
display backlight are adjustable to best suit viewing
conditions in the cockpit. See “S creen Controls” in
Section 5 for details on adjusting the screen.

Your new Apollo 360 GPS has a space-age anti-glare film
that has been applied to thedisplayscreen.This is the same
filmthat is used on theNASASpace Shuttle windows. The
surface of the film has a hard coating that is scratch
resistant. Despite this coating, extreme care must be taken
when cleaning the display screen. To remove stains,
smudges, fingerprints, and so forth, we recommend these
cleaning methods (if the first method fails to remove the
problem, try the next method):

Wipe with a clean, dry, non-abrasive fabric (for
example, cotton or Handi-wipes)

Blow on the area to condense moisture on the display
and then wipe the area with the clean fabric

Moisten a clean fabricwith a small amount of water and
wipe the display area

Apply a small amount of glass cleaner (without
ammonia) to the fabric and wipe the area

Apply a small amountof isopropyl alcohol and wipethe
area (this is the last resort)

Note:

Use a clean fabric with each cleaning method to avoid
other contaminates.

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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360

LCD

Backlight

Helpful

Instructions

on the

Display

Control

Knobs

This key controls the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
backlight,enabling you to easily viewthedisplayin a wide
variety of cockpit ambient light conditions. Five backlight
intensity levels are available fromno intensity (off) to high
intensity.

While you use most functions, the Apollo 360 shows you
what to do. Helpfulinstructions typically appear onthe top
and bottom lines ofthe display. A highlighted, ordarkened
word in an instruction advises you which key to press to
select an option.

The control knobs switch the Apollo 360on and off, select
menuoptionsandmakechanges. The control knobsconsist
of the power knobat the upper left cornerof the front panel
and the concentric rotary knobs at the lower right corner
of the front panel.

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Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

The

Power

Knob

The

Concentric

Rotary
Knobs

This knob switches the receiver on and off. Each time you
switch the unit on, it performs internal diagnostics, begins
tracking available GPS satellites, and activates the
navigationfunction.Thisprocesstakesonlyafew seconds,
providing that a seed position and current time have been
entered.

Note

You must enter a seed position and the current time
before you navigate with the Apollo 360. This process
is required only once, and greatly speeds the otherwise
slow receiver process of tracking available GPS
satellites. Entering a seed position and thecurrent time
is explained in Section 3.

The LARGE and SMALL concentric rotary knobs allow
you to move the highlight cursor around the display to
select menu options and make changes. The highlight
cursor typically shows on the display when you use an
operating function. The cursor indicates that the
highlighted item can be changed.

A vertical and/or horizontal arrow symbol often shows at
the lower right corner of the display. These symbols
indicate that additional options are available and that
changes can be made.

2-6 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360

The

Display

Screens

The

Startup

Screens

Information you view on the display while using the
Apollo 360 shows one page or “screen” at a time. Many of
the operating functions can show more than one screen of
information. When more than one screen of information is
available,eithertheverticalarrowsymboloraninstruction
line shows on t he display to inform you that more
information awaits your view. Follow the instruction, or if
the vertical arrow symbol shows on the display, turn the
LARGE knob to view this additional information.

Information screens available while using each operating
function are introduced here. Section 4 contains additional
details about each operating function.

The startup screens shows on the display for several
seconds after you switch on the Apollo 360. While these
screens show on the display, the unit performs internal
diagnostics, begins tracking available GPS satellites, and
activates the navigation function.

Route

Display

Selection

It is worth noting here that the Screen Controls screen
(located under the Main Menu) allows the user to select
either a 1-Leg or 3-Leg route display. The 3-Leg display
provides more route information in a single screen, but the
1-Leg provides larger character size for easier viewing.

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Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Navigation

Function

Screens

The Apollo 360 shows one of eight screens while you use
the navigation function. Each screen contains useful
information. After the startup screen appears on the
display,theunitshowsthe GPS signal screen,allowingyou
to verify good signal reception from available satellites.
You can “scroll” or page through the other available
screens by turning the LARGE knob.

2-8 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360

Menu

Function

Screen

The menu function contains options that control many
ways the Apollo 360 operates and lets you customize the
navigation function to suit your preference. The menu
function screen is a main menu with options selected by
turning the LARGE knob to move the arrow cursor up or
down the list.

The main menu contains these options:

Return to Nav ­Returns the unit from th e menu function to the
navigation function

Operation Mode ­Enables the built-innavigation simulator or changes the
map datum

Time and Place ­Contains seed position and current time settings

Screen Controls ­Contains control settings for display backlight and
contrast

Map Setups ­Contains control settings for information shown on
moving map screens (navigation function)

Declutter Maps ­Containscontrol settings for types of waypoints to show
on moving map navigation screens (navigation
function) and in the nearest waypoint list

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Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Track Point History ­Controls navigation “track point” storage in memory
and whether points show on moving map navigation
screens (navigation function)

Arrival Alerts ­Controls alert message at waypoint arrival

Airspace Alerts ­Controls alert message at airspace entry

CDI Scale ­Containscontrolsettingsforcoursedeviationindication
and alert message

Magnetic Var ­Contains control settings for magnetic variation in
course headings

Countdown Time ­Controls built-in countdown timer

Display Units ­Contains control settings for navigation units of
measure

Serial Outputs ­Controls either of the two serial ports for interface with
external devices

User Wpt Mgmt ­Controls editing or deletion of waypoints you have
entered in the Apollo 360’s memory

System Info 1 ­Enables showing of unit serial number and current
hardware and software versions on the display

System Info 2 ­Enables showing of current database and operating
system versions on the display

Using the menu function does not interrupt navigation.
Section 5 describes how to use each main menu option.

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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360

Goto and

Nearest

Function

Screens

The paired goto and nearest functions work together,
allowing you to quickly and easily assign a destination
waypoint (goto) or to assign a waypoint near your present
position as a destination (nrst). The goto function starts
when you press the GOTO/NRST key once. Assign a
destination waypoint from the goto function screen using
the LARGE and SMALL knobs. The assigned destination
waypoint may be one you created, or a waypoint from the
built-in database. The screen shows the assigned
destination waypoint and the waypoint’s location relative
to your present position.

When you press the GOTO/NRST key again, the nearest
function starts. The nearest function screen showsa listing
ofupto30of the waypoints nearest toyourpresentposition
and the location of each waypoint relative to your present
position. You can assign any of these waypoints as a
destination by pressing the ENT key.

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Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Section 3 contains more information about assigning a
destination waypoint. Navigation to an assigned waypoint
is not interrupted while using either of these functions
unless you assign a new destination waypoint.

New

Waypoint

Function

Screen

This screen shows informationaboutwaypoints you create
using the new waypoint function. You can use present
position lat/lon coordinates for the new waypoint’s
location, or enter coordinates of your choice from this
screen. Information on the screen includes the created
waypoint’s location and the location of the nearest VOR
relative to your present position.

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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360

Waypoint

Information

Function

Screen

Summary

The waypoint information function can be used anytime to
get information about a waypoint without interrupting
navigation. The waypoint information function screen
shows the waypoint identifier, and distance and bearing
from your present position. The vertical arrow symbol at
the bottom right corner of the display indicates that more
information is available by turning the LARGE knob to
scroll through additional screens.

Once you have become familiar with using the Apollo 360
to navigate, you will findthat switching between operating
functions is fast and easy and that you will do this often
while navigating a trip. No matter which operating
function you use, the unit allows you to quickly and easily
return to the always active navigation function. Your
present position continues to be calculated without
interruption while you use the other operating functions.

Here is a quick review of the purpose of each operating
function.

Navigation function - provides
information about your current position
and navigation progress, GPS satellite

Always

Active

signals, multiple legs trips, and messages
showing important events or conditions
while you navigate. You exit from other
functions to return to this one.

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Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Menu function - calls up the main menu
of options to control ways the Apollo 360
operates. This function also controls the

MENU

way navigation information shows on the
display.

Goto and Nearest functions -Goto
assigns a destination waypoint from the

GOTO

Apollo 360’s built-in database. Nearest
callsupalistofup to 30waypointsnearest
to your present position, any of which
may be assigned as a new destination.

NEAREST

New waypoint function - creates
waypoints and stores them in memory.
Created waypoints can be based upon
your present position, or lat/lon

WPT

coordinates you enter.

Waypoint information function - calls
up information from the Apollo 360’s
built-in waypoint database. You can also
access information about waypoints you
have created. Information includes the

INFO

waypoint identifier and type, waypoint
bearing and distance from your current
position, waypoint lat/lon coordinates,
and more.

LCD backlight - controls whether or not
the backlight is on, and the backlight
intensity level.

Backlight

The next section explains how to start up the Apollo 360,
enter the seed position and current time, and assign a
destination waypoint. Once these tasks are completed, the
unit is ready to use to navigate a trip.

2-14 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Getting Started

Section 3
Getting Started

This section explains how to get started using the
Apollo 360. Information in this section explains how to
startuptheunit,checksignalsfromthe GPS satellites, enter
a seed position, and assign a destination waypoint.

Thissectionshows you how to quickly start the Apollo 360
and check for proper operation. It is necessary to enter a
seed position and the current time the first time you switch
the unit on.

Power up
Enter a seed position (your dealer may have already

completed this step for you)
Check satellite signal strength
Enter goto waypoint
Begin navigating

Power Up To switch the unit on, turn the power knob clockwise (the

knob is above and to the left of the display). The startup
screen shows on the display for several seconds.

P/N 560-0123-01 B 3-1

Getting Started Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Entering

a Seed

Position

The first time the Apollo 360 is switched on,it must locate
satellites in the sky to acquire signals before determining
a position fix. This is a complex process involving lengthy
mathematical operations and, without a seed position and
the current time and date, can take 30 minutes or more to
complete. Enter this information to allow the receiver to
quickly locate and track available satellites.

Theseedpositionandcurrenttimemustonlybeentered
the first time the receiver i s switched on. T his
information is stored in memory and need not be
entered again. Your dealer may have already entered
the local time and position for you.

1. Press

MENU to

access the main
menu.

Note

How to Do This

2. Select the “Time and
Place” option.

3. Press the ENT key.

4. Set the latitude
and longitude
coordinates near to
your current position.

3-2 P/N 560-0123-01 B

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Getting Started

5. Set the current date.

6. Set local time. (Or
enter UTC time and
skip step 7 below.)

Use the SMALL

knob to change values.
The LARGE knob movesthe highlight on
the screen to select the next value to
change.

Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs as
you did to set the lat/long coordinates in
step 4.

Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs to
select and set local time (LOC). You may
alsoentercurrentUTCtime and skipentry
of UTC differential in step 7. It is not
necessary to enter seconds - they cannot
be set.

7. Set the difference
betwee n local time
and UTC time.

Use the illustration on the next page to
determine the UTC differential for your
area. Enter this value as the difference
between local and UTC time (UTC
DIFF).

P/N 560-0123-01 B 3-3

11 10 9 8 7 6 5

43

210

Add Hours

Subtract Hours

Subract 1 hour during summer for Daylight Savings Time

(where DST applies)

123

456789101112

+

-

Getting Started Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

As an example, the UTC DIFF value in
Seattle, Washington would be +08:00 (or
+07:00 during daylight savings time).

8. Press the ENT key.

The values you set are entered and the main menu
returns to the display. “Return To Nav” is selected.

9. Press the

ENT key

once again.

The display shows the navigation screen
in use before the menu function was
started in step 1.

3-4 P/N 560-0123-01 B

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Getting Started

Checking

GPS

Signal

Strength

Afterstartup,theunitshowstheGPSsignalstrengthscreen
on the display, indicating that the navigation function is
active.

Note

While the Apollo 360 acquires signal information from
satellites, the bars representing signal strength show
grey in color. This process takes place quickly. When
the unit has acquired the signals and begins tracking
the satellites, the bars change to black.

The GPS signal strength screen is the first to show on
the display after the unit starts up. Make it a habit to
check this screen to make sure that the constellation of
satellites are healthy and that the unit is properly
tracking visible satellites before you fly.

In this example, the screen shows that six satellite signals
are being received. The question mark symbol (?) is
highlighted, indicating that information on the display
relates to all visible satellites. The Apollo 360 requires
signals from at least four satellites to calculate a 3D
position fix (lat/lon and GPS altitude).

P/N 560-0123-01 B 3-5

Getting Started Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Checking

Each

Satellite

Turn the SMALL knob to view
information about each of the visible
satellites. This example shows
information about satellite 25.

Important!

The GPS antenna must be able to “see” each satellite
it is tracking. If a satellite is “shaded” by the wing or
fuselage during a turn, it may temporarily loose track
of that satellite. If this happens, or if the geometry of
thesatellitesavailableispoor,the unit maytemporarily
calculate a “2D Fix” or “DR Fix” (dead reckoning).

NOTICE

Apollo 360 GPS units, part number 430-0256-01,
contain an 8-channel GPS receiver instead of the
6-channel receiver used in earlier units. The8-channel
Apollo 360 GPS unitsprovide performace that is equal
to or better than the 6-channel models. However, the
Satellite Tracking Page will only show tracking status
of the satellites assigned to channels 1 through 6. It is
possible that up to 2 satellites that are in track ( those
assigned to channels 7 and 8) will not appear on the
Satellite Tracking Page.

3-6 P/N 560-0123-01 B

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Getting Started

Entering

a

Destination

With a seed position and the current time and date set, the
Apollo 360 is ready to begin navigating a trip. Prepare for
trip navigation by entering a destination waypoint.

Waypoint

1. Press the
GOTO/NRST key.

2. Select a destination
waypoint.

How to Do This

The goto function screen shows on the
display with the distance and bearing
from your present position to the
indicated waypoint.

Use the SMALL knob to change the
highlighted character in the waypoint
identifier. The LARGE knob moves the
highlight on the screen to select the next
character to change.

Note

Waypoints on the displayarestored in the
unit’s built-in database. By moving the
highlighttoARPTandturningthe SMALL
knob, you can cha nge the type of
destination waypoint to select: airport,
NDB, VOR, INT, or USER (user created).
For instance, with ARPT indicated as the
type of destination waypoint, only
airports show on the display as you select
identifier characters.

P/N 560-0123-01 B 3-7

Getting Started Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Hints

For airport waypoints, turn the LARGE
knob to move the highlight on the screen
downtothesecondline containing thecity
name. You can select characters in this
line, too. The SMALL knob scrolls
throughwaypointnamesthatmostclosely
match the characters you select.

You can also scroll through each
waypoint in the databas e. With the
highlight over the first character of either
thewaypointidentifier OR city name, turn
the LARGE knob one detent
counterclockwise. A highlighted vertical
arrow symbol appears to the left of the
first character.

Use the SMALL knob to scroll through
each waypoint in the Apollo GPS
receiver’s built-in database.

3. Make sure correct
waypoint is selected.

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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Getting Started

4. Press the ENT key.

The selected w aypoint is set as the
destination. The display shows the
navigation screen in use before the Goto
function was started in step 1.

Summary With the seed position and current time entered, and the

destination waypoint showing on the display, the Apollo
360 is ready to use to help you navigate. Before you fly,
remember to check GPS satellite signal strength and verify
thetypeofposition fix theunitisprovidingbasedon visible
satellites above you. This operation is quick and easy, as
the satellite signal strength screen is the first to show on
the display after the unit starts up.

Thenext section contains information about howtouse the
navigation function while you fly. A built-in simulator is
included with the Apollo 360 to help you become better
acquainted with using it. Appendix C at the back of this
manualcontains a tutorial on how tostartthesimulator and
practice navigating without actually flying.

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Getting Started Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Notes:

3-10 P/N 560-0123-01 B

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip

Section 4
Navigating a Trip

Thissectionexploresthenavigationfunction and describes
thepowerfulfeaturesit contains.Youwilluse this function
most frequently while you fly, so it is important to have a
good understanding of this operating function. Follow the
instructions provided in Section 2 before you read this
section. Leave the unit on, relax in the cockpit with your
aircraft parked, and use the features this section describes
to become familiar with them. In this way, you can more
effectively use this powerful navigationinstrumenttoyour
advantage when flying. Even though you may not be
actively navigating, you will be able to gain valuable
familiarity with the unit. When you become comfortable
operating the unit, you may wish to “fly” the Apollo 360
using the built-in simulator. Follow the tutorial
instructions in Appendix C.

About the

Navigation

Function

About the

Navigation

Function

Screens

P/N 560-0123-01 4-1

The navigation function is always active. When you use
other functions, the navigation function continues to run
“in the background” calculating your present position,
navigating your multiple leg trip (if active), and alerting
you to events or conditions important to the navigation
process. When you finish using other functions, the unit
automatically returns to the navigation function,
displaying the last navigation screen used.

While you navigate, the Apollo 360 gives informationon
eight screens. Each screen contains unique information
useful to the navigation effort.

Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

The LARGE knob “scrolls” or pages forward or backward
through the screens in the order shown in Section 2. After
you become more familiar with each screen, you may
develop a preference forsome. This section describeseach
screen.

GPS

Signal

Strength

Screen

This screen, the first to appear after the unit starts up,
contains information about signals received from visible
satellites in the sky.

The screen tells you:

The type of position fix currently calculated by the unit:

NO FIX: no signals available

DR FIX: (Dead Reckoning) the position is estimated
based on the last known track, ground speed, and
position

2D FIX: the position fix is calculated based on signals
from only three satellites and GPS altitude is not
available

3D FIX: the position fix is calculated based on signals
from four or mo re satellites, and GPS altitude is
available

The total number of operational or “good” GPS
satellites in orbit

4-2 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip

The number of satellites visible in the sky from your
position

ThePosition Dilution of Precision(PDOP) value for the
position fix provided by the satellite constellation - a
high value (6 or greater) indicates poor position
reliability, while a value of 3 or less indicates good
position reliability

In addition, individual satellite information is available by
rotating the SMALL knob, as follows:

The strength of the received signal from each satellite
The satellite azimuth and elevation from the current

position
The GPS receiver’s current track status for each visible

satellite

Current

Messages

Screen

The Apollo 360 helps you navigate by informing you of
important events or conditions while you fly. When an
important event or condition occurs, an alert message
shows on the display to inform you. (Alerts marked with
the * can be controlled by menu options described in
Section 5.) Alerts may show on the display anytime the
unit is operating to alert you of the following conditions:

Airspace penetration*

Arrival at a destination*

P/N 560-0123-01 4-3

Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Excessive course deviation*

Loss of position fix

Low memory back-up battery

Expiration of countdown time

Manual magnetic variation
alert

Magnetic variation
compensation limitation

Simulated flight warning

4-4 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip

When you see one of these alerts on the display, follow the
instruction shown to clear it. Clearing the alert removes it
from the display. The screen shown before the alert
appeared returns to the display.

Thecurrentmessagesscreenservesas a reviewofanyalerts
presentedthis wayduringthetrip.Alertmessagesthatshow
on the screen must be valid at the time you check them or
they will not show as a current message. Press ENT, as
shownon the current messagescreen,toview other current
messages (if available).

Present
Position

Screen

This screen shows the lat/long coordinates of your present
position, GPS altitude, and any course deviation from
desired track.

When you fly, this screen can be valuable to check your
position against a chart with close precision. Keep in mind
that GPS altitude is not based on the same criteria as
barometricaltitudewhichusesapressure offset value.GPS
altitude is also affected by selective availability.

Course deviation shows in the rectangular Course
DeviationIndicator(CDI)at the bottom ofthe display.The
airplane symbol moves over the graduated CDI to show
your current distanceleft or right of desired track. You can
select CDI range and units of measure using the menu
function options “CDI Scale” and “Units of Measure”
described in Section 5.

Bearing/

ETA/Track

In addition to the CDI, the bearing/ETA/track screen also
shows:

Screen

The destination waypoint and type

P/N 560-0123-01 4-5

Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

The bearing (BRG), estimated time of arrival (ETA),
and desired track (DTK) to the destination

The current time
The current track

Bearing/

Range/
Ground

Speed

Screen

Moving

Map/Nav

Window

Screen

Similar to the bearing/ETA/track screen, this one
substitutes range for ETA, estimated time enroute (ETE)
for current time, and ground speed (GS) for desired track.
Since this screen is viewable by turning the LARGE knob
only one detent clockwise from the bearing/ETA/track
screen, you will likely find it convenient to switch back
and forth between these two screens often to check your
navigation progress.

One of the most attractive features of the Apollo 360 is its
ability to show your navigation progress graphically
against a “moving map” of waypoints. Your present
position is indicated by the airplane symbol near thecenter
of the display.

4-6 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip

Using the moving map screen, you can easily track your
navigation progress as the aircraft travels over or near
waypoints beneath you. The moving map/nav window
screen shows this information in the box at the right side
of the display:

The destination waypoint and type
Bearing to the destination waypoint
Range to the destination waypoint
Ground speed
Current track
Course deviation distance and a directional arrow

indicating the direction to turn to get on course

The map scale shows in the highlight at the lower left
corner of the screen. The scale shows the approximate
distance represented on the map between the airplane
symbol and the top border of the display. You can select
distance units of measure for the map scale and all other
navigation screens using the menu function “Display
Units” option explained in Section 5.

The figure below shows a change in scale caused by
turning the SMALL knob. The scale may be changed from
.1 nm to 750 nm or set to auto. In this case, the distance
from the airplane icon to the top of the screen is 20 miles.

P/N 560-0123-01 4-7

Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Moving

Map

Screen

Thismovingmapscreenis similar totheonejustdescribed,
but it fills the entire display.

The following information shows in highlighted boxes at
each corner of the display:

The destination waypoint
Bearing to the destination waypoint
Map scale
Range to the destination waypoint

The moving map screens represent graphic views of your
navigation progress in a format easy to interpret while
flying. Note that the display orientation may be changed
so that the top of the may be north, desired track, or track.
Themapsetupoption,describedinSection5, explains how
to change the orientation.

Zooming
In or Out

The moving map screens feature a handy zoom function to
allow you to enhance your view of navigation progress.
Zoom in or out by turning the SMALL knob. Zooming in
changes the view to enlarge map detail, as if the airplane
symbol was flying ata lower altitude over themap surface.

Similarly, zooming out allows a view of greater distance
around the airplane symbol, as if the airplane was flying
higher over the map. As you zoom in or out, the map scale
changes to show the new distance represented between the
airplanesymbolandthetopborderofthedisplay.Zooming
in close to airport waypoints enables you to see your
orientation in relation to available runways.

4-8 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip

Auto

Zoom

The

Route

Screen

The auto zoom feature changes the moving map scale
automatically, adjusting the map scale to zoom in closer
and closer as you near the destination waypoint.Similarly,
this feature adjusts the map scale to zoom out as your
distance from a waypoint of origin increases.

Enable auto zoom by turning the SMALL knob until
“AUTO” shows as the map scale. Using auto zoom frees
youfrom manually adjusting the map scaleasyouview the
moving map screens.

The Apollo 360 has the ability to store up to 20 reversible
trip plans or “routes” in memory. Each route can consist of
up to 30 waypoints, either those you create or those from
the built-in waypoint database.

The preceding and following displays show the 1-Leg and
3-Legroutescreens,respectively.Youcanselect either display
using the Screen Control function under the Main Menu.

P/N 560-0123-01 4-9

Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

The route screen shows the status (onor off) andeither the
next two orthe next four waypoints of each route, as well
as the desired track and distance between the displayed
waypoints. No more than one route may be active, or ON
at any time while you navigate. When the route screen is
displayed, review each route by pressing the ENT key
when NXT RTE is highlighted. The procedure to set up
routes is explained later in this section. The 1-Leg screen
uses larger characters for easierviewing. The 3-Leg screen
provides more information on a single display. The
procedure for setting up the route is the same using either
screen.

Searching

for

Nearest

Waypoints

An important feature of the Apollo 360 is its ability to
locatewaypointsclosesttoyourpositionasyoufly.Should
you have to land the aircraft quickly, you can use this
feature to locate a nearby waypoint, assign it as a
destination, and quickly navigate to it.

While navigating, press the GOTO/NRST key twice to
activate the nearest function and search for waypoints
closest to your present position.

4-10 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip

The nearest function screen shows up to 30 nearest
waypoints in order of distance from your present position.
The waypoint type, bearing to the waypoint, and range to
the waypoint also shows.

TurntheLARGEknobclockwisetomovethearrowcursor
down the list to select a destination. Press the ENT key to
assign your chosen waypoint as a destination. The display
returns to the navigation function automatically.

You can also return to the navigation function without
assigning a new destination waypoint from the list by
pressing the MENU key. You may also exit the function
by turning the SMALL knob to select “QUIT” at the
bottom of the display and pressing the ENT key.

Important

You can control thetypes of waypoints that show on the
display as the result of a search for nearest waypoints.
The menu function “Declutter Maps” option allows
youto choose whether ornottodisplay airports, VORs,
NDBs, and intersections as searched waypoints and on
the moving map screens. Before you fly, make sure to
check this option and confirm that the waypoint types
you wish to show will appear on the display after a
search and while using the moving map screens. The
“Declutter Maps” option is explained in Section 5.

Creating

Waypoints

The Apollo 360 allows you to create up to 2,000 of your
own waypoints, each with a name you choose. As you
navigate, you may wish to create waypoints at locations
that are important to you, or waypoints to which you plan
to return. You canuse your present position orenter lat/lon
coordinates for the waypoint’s location.

P/N 560-0123-01 4-11

Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Use the new waypoint function to create waypoints. Press
the WPT key. The new waypoint function screen allows
you to enter a waypoint name of your choice, or you can
use the default waypoint name that the unit assigns as a
number.

Turn the LARGE knobtomove the highlight to thedesired
characterinthewaypointnametochangeit. Once you have
enteredthe desired waypoint name, you can assign the new
waypointyourpresent position coordinates by pressing the
ENT key. If you wish your new waypoint to be located
elsewhere, use the LARGE and SMALL knobs to move
thehighlightandchangethe waypoint lat/longcoordinates.
When you are finished, press the ENT key to enter the new
waypoint into memory.

The fact that you may assign either your present position
or lat/lon coordinates of your choice when you create
waypoints is significant. You can create waypoints either
as you fly, or more conveniently, before or after you fly
when you are not busy navigating.

You can always edit ordelete waypoints you have created.
The menu function “User Waypoint Management” option
allows you to perform these tasks. The use of this option
is described in Section 5.

Getting

Waypoint

Information

Use the waypoint information function anytime to get
information on waypoints in the Apollo 360’s memory,
including waypoints you have created. A complete listing
of available information is included in Section 6, that
explains the built-in waypoint database.

4-12 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip

Destination

Waypoint

Information

Information

About

Other

Waypoints

Press the INFO key to activate the waypoint information
function.

The waypoint information screen introduced in Section 2
shows on the display with information about the current
destination waypoint. Turn the LARGE knob to scroll
through additional screens of information about the
waypoint. Press the INFO key again to return to the
navigation function.

You can also get information about any other waypoint in
memory by using the goto function together with the
waypoint information function. Press the GOTO/NRST
key as if you were assigning a destination waypoint. Use
the LARGE and SMALL knobs to select the waypoint
name. When the desired waypoint name shows on the
display, press the INFO key to get information about the
waypoint.

To return to the navigation function, press the MENU key,
then press the ENT key.

Information

About

Nearest

Waypoints

P/N 560-0123-01 4-13

The waypoint information function also works with the
nearest function. This allows you to quickly get
information about any of the waypoints nearest to your
present position.

Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Press the GOTO/NRST key twice to search for nearest
waypoints. When the list of these waypoints shows on the
display, use the LARGE knob to move the arrow cursor to
the desired waypoint. Press the INFO key to get
information about the waypoint.

To return to the navigation function, press the MENU key,
then press the ENT key.

Scanning

Waypoints

for

Information

You can “scan” waypoints on the moving map screens to
get information quickly. With a moving map screen
showing on the display, press the ENT key several times.

Notice that the highlight moves from the destination
waypoint to a different waypoint on the screen each time
you press this key. When the highlight has moved to the
desired waypoint, press the INFO key to get information
about the waypoint. This feature makes it fast and
convenient to get information about any waypoint near
your flight path while you navigate.

4-14 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip

Navigating

Multiple

Leg Trips

Creating

a Route

The ability of the Apollo 360 to store multiple leg flight
plans is very useful. Once you set up a route, you can
navigate the plan in forward or reverse. You can also edit
a route you have created, or select any waypoint from a
route and navigate directly to it, skipping other waypoints
and legs of the trip. Remember, you can use the Screen
Control function to set the route screen to display either
1-Leg or 3-Legs of the route you create.

Select“EDIT”fromtheroutescreen tobegincreatingroute
number 01. Then select “INS” to insert waypoints into the
route.

Prepare to insert waypoints into your route beginning with
the waypoint of origin. Then you can insert other
waypoints in the order you will travel to them, working
toward the destination waypoint.

Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs to select and change
the waypoint identifier for the first waypoint. When the
desired waypoint shows on the first line of the display,
press the ENT key. The arrow cursor moves to the second
line for insertion of waypoint number 02. Repeat the
process you used to insert the origin waypoint into the
route.

P/N 560-0123-01 4-15

Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

When you scroll up to show two waypoints, the route
screen shows the bearing and distance between them.

When you finish inserting waypoints into the route, select
“DONE” and pressthe ENT keyto complete routeediting.
Remember, you can always change, add, or delete route
waypoints later.

When you finish with the first route, you can immediately
create another. The screen shows route 02, empty and
ready for insertion of waypoints. To create a new route,
select “EDIT” and proceed as with creation of route 01.

4-16 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip

Changing

a Route

Waypoint

You can change any waypoint along a route. Select the
route to change from the route screen. If you have several
routes created, press the ENT key while “NXT RTE” is
highlighted to page through the routes. When the correct
route shows on the display, select “EDIT” as if creating a
route.

Turn the LARGE knob to select a waypoint to change.
When the cursor arrow points to the desired waypoint,
select “CHG” to change it.

Change the waypoint as desired. Repeat for other
waypoints to change.

Eachtimeachangeis made, “DONE” ishighlighted.When
waypoints are changed as desired, press the ENT key to
complete route editing.

P/N 560-0123-01 4-17

Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Adding a

Route

Waypoint

You can add waypoints to any route. Add waypoints to a
routebyinsertingthemintotherouteattheproperlocation.

Selecttheroutefrom the routescreenthatyou wanttoinsert
waypoints. Then, select “EDIT” as if creating a route.

Turn the LARGE knob to move the cursor arrow to the
waypoint where you wish to insert the new waypoint.

Select “INS” to insert the waypoint into the route.

Each time a change is made, “INS” is highlighted to allow
insertion of another waypoint.

When all desired waypoints are inserted into the route,
move highlight to “DONE” and press the ENT key to
complete route editing.

4-18 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip

Deleting

Route

Waypoints

To delete waypoints from a route, scroll through the route
screen pages to select the route that you wish to delete
waypoints. Then, select “EDIT” as if creating a route.

Use the LARGE knob to move the marker arrow to the
waypoint you wish to delete. Select “DEL” to delete the
waypoint from the route and press the ENT key.

Note

The screen below showsdeletionof a waypoint withthe
3-leg route screen selected.

When desired waypoints are deleted from the route, select
“DONE” and pressthe ENT keyto complete routeediting.

Note

Deleting waypoints from routes will not remove them
from the waypoint database.

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Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Starting a

Route

When you are ready to navigate a route, it must be started.
Only one route can be started, or active at any time.

Select the route you wish to start from the route menu.
Select “START” to start the route.

Only one route can be “started” or active at any time. You
can navigate the route in either direction, depending on
your present position. If your present position is at the last
waypoint in the route, you could use this last waypoint as
the point of origin by selecting “REVERSE.”

After a route is started (route “ON”), you can view other
routesoreditthem.Fromanyroutescreen,youcanquickly
return to the active route by pressing and holding the ENT
key.

4-20 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip

Stopping

or

Holding a

Route

While flying a route, you may wish to deviate temporarily
from your intended flight plan. You may then want to
resume travel on this route. You can “hold” the route to do
this. A route on “hold” can be resumed later from the
current leg. “Holding” a route leaves the route active, but
stops leg sequencing while you deviate from the planned
course of travel.

In other cases, you may wish to abandon an active route to
navigate a different route or to travel to waypoints not in
theroute. Press the GOTO key, dial in anewwaypoint,and
press the ENT key. If the new waypoint is not in the active
route, the route will be stopped. If you wish just to stop the
route, use the “Stop” option.

Stop or hold the active route by selecting it from the route
menu.Pressandhold the ENTkeytoselectthe active route.

Select “STOP” or “HOLD” the route. You can also select
“QUIT” to avoid any action and return to the active route
screen.

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Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Resuming

a Route

Route

“Direct

To”

Select “RESUME” to resume a route on hold.

While navigating a route, you may wish to bypass one or
more waypoints and proceed directly to a destination
waypoint. The route “Direct To” feature allows you to do
this.

Select the active route from the route menu. Then, select
“EDIT” as if creating or modifying a route.

Turn the LARGE knob to move the marker arrow to the
waypoint to which you wish to navigate. Then, press the
GOTO/NRST key. Press the ENT key to enter the
waypoint as the destination.

The route screen shows “direct” status to the waypoint.

You can now navigate directly to the desired destination
waypoint, bypassing previous waypoints in the route.

4-22 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options

Section 5
Menu Function Options

This section details options available when you use the
menu function. Use this function to access a menu of
options that modify the way navigation information is
displayed. The menu options allow you to customize the
Apollo 360 to best suit your navigation requirements. The
menu function also controls many other important ways
the unit operates. A list of menu option default settings
(those in effect when the unit is first switched on) for each
option is included at the back of this section. Option
settings are stored in memory and remain in effect until
you change them.

Note

Navigation is not interrupted while you use other
features.

The menu function makes these options available:

Return to Nav
Returns the unit from th e menu function to the
navigation function

Operation Mode
Enables the built-innavigation simulator or changes the
map datum

Time and Place
Contains seed position and current time settings

Screen Controls
Contains control settings for display backlight and
contrast as well as 1-Leg/3-Leg route display selection

Map Setups
Contains control settings for information shown on
moving map screens (navigation function)

P/N 560-0123-01 5-1

Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Declutter Maps
Limits items shown on the moving map screens and in
the nearest waypoints list

Track Point History
Controls navigation “track point” storage in memory
and whether points show on moving map screens
(navigation function)

Arrival Alerts
Controls alert message at waypoint arrival

Airspace Alerts
Controls airspace penetration alert message

CDI Scale
Containscontrolsettingsforcoursedeviationindication
and alert message

Magnetic Var
Contains control settings for magnetic variation in
course headings

Countdown Time
Controls built-in countdown timer

Display Units
Contains control settings for navigation units of
measure

Serial Outputs
Controls the two serial ports for interface with external
devices

User Wpt Mgmt
Controls editing or deletion of waypoints you have
entered in the Apollo 360’s memory

System Info 1
Enables viewing of unit serial number and current
hardware and software version information

System Info 2
Shows current database and operating system versions

5-2 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options

Take a moment to becomefamiliar with each menu option.
Use the information in this section to explore each option
and understand how it affects the operation of the Apollo

360. This section can also serve as a reference for later use
to refresh your memory about options you may use
infrequently.

The

Main

Menu

Changing

Menu

Option

Settings

Return to

Nav

The main menu contains all menu function options. You
cancall up the main menu anytime to usetheoptions.Press
the MENU key. When the main menu shows on the
display, select the desired option by turning the LARGE
knob to move the arrow cursor up or down the list of
options. With the desired option selected, press the ENT
key to activate it.

Changing settings on any menu option screen is done in
the same way. Use the LARGE knob to move the highlight
on the screen to the option item you wish to change. Then
use the SMALL knob to change the setting.

Use this option to leave the menu function and return to
the screen shown on the display before you pressed the
MENU key. This option is typically used when you are
ready to continue navigating after using other menu
options to make changes.

Note

“RETURN TO NAV” is automatically selected when
you call the main menu. If you accidentally select the
wrong menu option or if you decide to abandon making
changes, you can easily leave the menu function by

P/N 560-0123-01 5-3

Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

pressing the MENU key to again call the main menu.
With “RETURN TO NAV” selected, press the ENT key
to leave the menu function, or turn the LARGE knob to
select a different option.

Operation

Mode

This option sets the Apollo 360operationmodeand selects
the map datum the unit uses while you navigate.

Select either the “aviation” or “simulator”operationmode.
Select “simulator” only when you wish to use the built-in
simulator to practice navigating with the unit. With the
aviation mode selected, you can change the map datum

Important

Verify that you havethe correct map datum selectedfor
the area where you navigate. Datum WGS 1984 is
automatically selected and is the most current for
navigation in the United States. If you navigate using a
chart based on a different datum, make sure you
change the datum to match the chart. Alist of available
map datums appears in Appendix B.

5-4 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options

Using the simulator mode,you can select theground speed
you “fly” the Apollo 360. Ground speed units of measure
are changeable using the “Display Units” option discussed
later in this section. All operating functions are available
while you use the simulator. After simulator use, the unit
returns automatically to the “aviation” operation mode the
next time you switch on the power.

Time

and Place

Screen

Controls

Use this option to enter your present position and set UTC
and local times as Section 3 describes. It is necessary to
enter the time and place the first time the Apollo 360 is
switched on. It is also necessary to enter this information
if the unit is switched off and moved a distance of several
hundred miles or more. Time and place information you
enter is stored in memory and need not be entered again.

Thisoptioncontrols operation of the display backlight,and
allows you to adjust display contrast. Turn the SMALL
knobtoselectbacklightOff,Lo,MLo,MHi, or Hi intensity
levels. This option also allows selection of either 1-Leg or
3-Leg Route Display screens.

Note

You can also control the display backlight using the
backlightkey at the lowerrightof the front panel. Press
this key repeatedly to switch the backlight intensity
through the levels described above.

P/N 560-0123-01 5-5

Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Turn the LARGE knob to select “CONTRAST.” Adjust
display contrast by turning the SMALL knob.

Adjustthe contrast to suit your preferenceandviewingangle.
As you makeadjustments, the horizontal bar at the bottom of
the display shows the current contrast level. “-” indicates
lowercontrast,while “+”indicateshighercontrast.A contrast
settingnearthemiddleofthebarissatisfactoryinmostcases.
The contrast setting you select is stored in memory and
remains in effect until you change it.

Turn the LARGE knob highlight route diplay and the
SMALL knob to select between 1-Leg and 3-Leg Route
Display screens. The 1-Leg display uses large letters for
easier viewing. The 3-Leg display provides more
information on a single screen.

Map

Setups

This option controls what and how information shows on
the moving map screens. Select whether or not the Apollo
360 should show a route path or airspaces in the vicinity.

With route path “ON,” a line representing your intended
flight path shows on the moving map screens to aid you in
navigating to your destination. Zooming in on the moving
map screens, you can clearly see deviation from your
course.

5-6 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options

When airspaces are “ON,” airspace boundaries show on
the moving map screens.

“ORIENT UP” allows you to select orientation of the
moving maps, with the top of the screen representing
current track, desired track, or true north.

Declutter

Maps

This option controls the waypoints that show on the
moving map screens and are used for nearest waypoint
search. Types of waypoints you set to “ON” are displayed
while those set to “OFF,” are not visible on the moving
map screens. You can choose whether or not to show the
following types of waypoints:

Airports (ARPTS)
Very High Frequency Omnirange (VORS)
Non-Directional Beacon (NDBS)
Intersections (INTS)
User Created (USERS)

P/N 560-0123-01 5-7

Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

The “IDENTS ONMAPS” feature controlswhether or not
waypoint identifiers show on the moving map screens.
With “NO” selected, small symbols represent locations of
waypoints. Only the current To waypoint, and possibly
route waypoints (see Map Setups) show on the moving
map screens.

Note

The destination waypoint identifier always shows on
the moving map screens, regardless of this setting.

Track

Point

History

This option allows you to store a record of navigation
progress in memory. The stored record consists of a series
of track points, each containing your position at the time
the point was stored. You can choose whether or not to
store track points, howoften to store them,and manage the
storage process using this option.

Each stored track point consumes space in memory. You
can store up to 2,000 track points.

When track history is “ON,” points are stored in memory.
Your track history displays on the moving map screens as
aseriesofdotsshowingyourflightpath.Eachdotindicates
astoredpoint.Whentrackhistoryis“OFF,”no track points
are stored or shown on the moving map screens.

You can select the track point storage strategy. Select
“FOREVER” to continuously store points, starting again
and writing over existing points when memory becomes
full, or select “UNTIL FULL” to stop storing points when
memory becomes full.

5-8 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options

You can also control the storage interval for track points.
Saving points by “DISTANCE” allows you to select a
distance interval to determine when each track point is
stored. Similarly, saving points by “TIME” allows you to
selecttheminutesandsecondsinterval for eachtrackpoint.

“USED” shows you the percentage of memory space used
for track point storage. If you wish to empty the memory
of track points, select “CLEAR?” and choose “YES.”

Arrival

Alerts

This option controls whether or not and when the Apollo
360 should alert you of arrival at a destination.

If you choose “YES” for the alertmessage, the arrival alert
will show on the display to advise you of arrival at a
destination waypoint.

You can choose the radius distance around the destination
waypoint where the Apollo 360 alerts you. This distance
can be shown in the unit of measure you choose using the
“DISPLAY UNITS” setting described laterin this section.

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Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Airspace

Alerts

Use this option to control whether or not and when the unit
should alert you when approaching Class B, C, or special
use airspaces.

If you choose “YES” for the alert message, the airspace
alert will show on the display advisingyou of approaching
airspace penetration within the distance or time you select.

Thedistancebuffer is the distance from the airspace border
where you will be alerted. This distance can be shown in
the unit of measure you choose using the “DISPLAY
UNITS” setting described later in this section. The time
buffer contains the travel time (based upon current track
and speed) from the airspace border where you will be
alerted.

CDI Scale This option controls operation of the course deviation alert

and allows you to set the CDI scale units to your preference.

5-10 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options

If you choose “YES” for the alert message, the course
deviation alert will show on the displayadvising you when
course deviation exceeds CDI scale maximum value left
or right.

You can also select the CDI scale maximum course
deviation left or right. This distance can be shown in the
unit of measure you choose using the “DISPLAY UNITS”
setting described late in this section.

Magnetic

Variation

This option allows you to override automatic magnetic
variation and manually enter a variation value. A manual
setting is normally not required for navigation anywhere
in the world except near the poles, where magnetic
variation is the greatest.

If manual entry of magnetic variation is necessary, obtain
the correct value from a reliable chart or other source.
Select “MANUAL” and enter the variation value east or
west.

To disable magnetic variation, select “TRUE.” All course
headings will show referenced to true north.

P/N 560-0123-01 5-11

Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Note

The Apollo 360 automatically sets magnetic variation
to 0 degrees when you fly above 70 degrees north or
south latitude. It is not necessary to disable automatic
magnetic variation as you travel north or south to high
latitude regions.

Count-

down

Time

The Apollo 360 includes a countdown timer. Use this
option to count elapsed time from as long as 60 minutes.

Enter a “TOTAL TIME” of up to 60 minutes (60:00). You
can select a total time at:

1 second intervals from 1 to 10 seconds
5 second intervals from 10 to 60 seconds
10 second intervals from 1 minute to 10 minutes
30 second intervals from 10 minutes to 60 minutes

Select “ST ART ” and press the ENT key to begin
countdown from the total time shown. As the countdown
progresses, the screen shows “COUNTING” during the
time you can stop the countdown, and continue it later.

Select “EXIT” to return to the main menu.

5-12 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options

Note

The countdown timer can run “in the background”
while you navigate and will not interfere with unit
operation.

An alert messa ge shows on the dis play when the
countdown time has expired.

Display

Units

This option controls the way navigation units of measure
show on the display. The units ofmeasure you select show
consistently throughout all screens in all operating
functions.

You can select the following units of measure for each
navigation parameter:

Distance - nm/kts; sm/mph; km/kph
Altitude- feet; meters
Lat/lon - d-m.mmm; d-m-s.s (where d=degrees,

m=minutes, and s=seconds of latitude or longitude)
UTMS - Universal Transverse Mercator System

P/N 560-0123-01 5-13

Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Serial

Outputs

The Apollo 360 is equipped with 2 serial data ports for
communication with external serial devices. This option
controls the function of each port.

Using this option with appropriate electrical connections,
you can:

Connect the Apollo 360 to your personal computer to
manage waypoints you create*

Send serial data to an external moving map display in
the cockpit**

Send serial data matching the NMEA formats to any
serial device in the cockpit capable of accepting it**

Disable the serial data port

*See your II Morrow dealer or contact the factory for
information about the optional Apollo 360/PC
Interface Kit. Consult kit docum entation for
instructions on proper serial port settings.

**Your avionics dealer should install this equipment
and select proper serial port settings for you.

5-14 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options

User

Waypoint

Manage-

ment

This option allows you to manage waypoints you have
created (user waypoints). Youcan edit or delete waypoints
as your area of travel or other requirements change.

You can edit created waypoints to change the waypoint
name or lat/lon coordinates. To edit a waypoint, turn the
LARGE knob to move the arrow cursor to the desired
waypoint. Turn the SMALL knob to select “EDIT.”

Move the highlight to the desired name character or
coordinatedigit to make changes. When you finishmaking
changes, press the ENT key to save changes in memory.

Note

It is important to manage user waypoints wisely. With
the capacity to store up to 2,000 user waypoints in
memory, the Apollo 360 can hold an immense amount
of information. When you edit, use intuitive identifiers
for waypoints you have created. This will help you find
waypoints more easily when you need to navigate to
them.

P/N 560-0123-01 5-15

Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

You can also delete waypoints you no longer need. With
the arrow cursor at the waypoint you wish to delete, move
thehighlightatthebottomof the screen to“DEL”andpress
the ENT key. The waypoint is removed from memory.

Important

Waypoints deleted from memory cannot be recovered.

When you are finished, press the MENU key to return to
the main menu.

System

Info 1

System

Info 2

This option shows your Apollo 360 serial number and
hardware and software version information.

You will need this information and the information shown
ontheSystem Info 2 screen if you contact the factory about
the unit. Record the serial number on your owner’s
warranty record andkeep the card in a safe placewith your
avionic instrumentation records.

This option contains more information about the software
and database your Apollo 360 is equipped with. Also
provide this information in correspondence with the
factory about your unit.

5-16 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options

Default

Settings

The Apollo 360 is shipped from the factory with menu
options set as shown here. Note that where a range exits
for a setting, the upper and lower boundaries are shown
with the default setting shown as bold.

These menu option settings are stored in memory and
remain in effect until you change them.

Option Description Defualt Alert

Operation
Mode

Time and
Place

Screen
Controls

Map Setups Route Path:

Usage:
Map Datum:

Lat/Long:
Date:
Loc:
UTC Diff:

Route Disp:
Backlight:
Contrast:

Airspaces:
Orient Up:

Aviation
WGS 1984

Enter seed
position,
current time,
and UTC diff.
at power up
(see Section 2)

1-Leg
Hi
0-

50 - 100%

OFF
OFF
NORTH

N/A
N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

TRK

DTK

Declutter
Maps

Track Point
History

ARPTS:
VORS:
NDBS:
INTS:
USERS:
Idents On
Maps:

Track History:
Strategy:
Save By:
Interval:
Used:
Clear?

ON
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF

YES
ON

FOREVER

DIST - TIME

.50 - 10nm

.1 -

0 - 100%

NO

N/A

N/A

P/N 560-0123-01 5-17

Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Option Description Default Alert

Arrival Alerts Alert Message:

Distance:

Airspace
Alerts

CDI Scale Alert Message:

Magnetic
Variation

Countdown
Time

Display Units Distance:

Serial Outputs 1:

User Wpt
Mgmt

System Info 1 No default

System Info 2 No default

Alert Message:
Dist. Buffer:
Time Buffer:

CDI Scale:
Option:

Setting:
Total Time: (User

Altitude:
Lat/Lon:

2:
No default

settings

settings

settings

YES

1 - 9.9 nm

.1 ­YES

2- 100 nm

0-

10 -20

0­min

NO
.1 -

1 - 9.9 nm

AUTOMATIC
(Computed)

programmable
1sec.to60min.)

NM/KTS
FEET
D-M.MMM

NONE
PC [R/T]

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

YES

YES

NO

N/A

When

time

expires

N/A

N/A

5-18 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The Waypoint Database

Section 6
The Waypoint Database

Database

Structure

Available
Waypoint

Information

The Apollo 360 provides an extensive built-in database of
waypoint information to aid the navigator.

Waypoints in the database are divided into 5 categories by
type. This category structure allows you to more easily
select a waypoint as a destination, search for waypoint
information, search for nearest waypoints, or display
waypoints on moving map screens. The database filters
waypoints by these types wheneveryou use it, controlling,
organizing, and speeding the delivery of information.

The waypoint types are:

Airports (ARPTs)
Non-directional beacons (NDBs)
Very high frequency omniranges (VORs)
Enroute intersections (INTs)
User created (USERs)

The following information is available for each waypoint
type. Use the waypoint INFO function to get this
information as Section 2 describes in “Waypoint
Information Function.”

ARPT Waypoint Information

Bearing and distance from present position

Airport type
Airport elevation
Fuel availability by type

P/N 560-0123-01 6-1

The Waypoint Database Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Runway length(s) and surface type
Radio communication frequencies (an asterisk at the

frequency indicates part-time availability; “PCL” at the
frequency indicates pilot controlled lighting.)

Lat/lon coordinates
Navigation beacon light
IFR capability (an “R” at the frequency indicates that

Radar service is available on this frequency.)
Landing fee

VOR Waypoint Information

Bearing and distance from present position
Operating frequency
Lat/lon coordinates
DME available
Class (high/low/terminal)
Weather broadcasts

6-2 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The Waypoint Database

NDB Waypoint Information

Bearing and distance from present position
Operating frequency
Lat/lon coordinates
DME available
Class (high/low/terminal)

INT Waypoint Information

Country
Bearing and distance from present position
Bearing from present position
Lat/lon coordinates

P/N 560-0123-01 6-3

The Waypoint Database Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

USER Waypoint Information

Bearing and distance from present position
Distance from present position
Lat/lon coordinates

6-4 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Glossary of Navigation Terms

Appendix A
Glossary of Navigation Terms

A Altitude (GPS ALT): Altitude, as calculated by the

Apollo 360, based upon a mathematical model of the
earth’ssurfacecurvature.Asubstantialdifferencebetween
this altitude value and altitude referenced to sea level may
exist.

Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS):

Recorded information about weather and other conditions
atanairport,periodicallyupdatedwhenconditions change.

Azimuth: Bearing, as measured clockwise from true or
magnetic north.

B Bearing (BRG): The direction to any point, usually

measured in degrees relative to true or magnetic north.

C Constellation: A group of stars or objects, such as GPS

satellites, in the heavens.

Coordinates: Values for latitude and longitude that
describe a geographical point on the surface of the earth.

Course: The planned direction of travel in a horizontal
plane.

CourseDeviation:Ameasurementofdistanceleftorright
from the desired course of travel.

Course Deviation Indicator (CDI): A graphic indicator
of course deviation typically shown as a graduated
horizontal bar with an icon indicating the deviation
distance left or right of course.

Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF)

P/N 560-0123-01 A-1

Glossary of Navigation Terms Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

D Database: A collection of data structured in such a way as

to allow quick and convenient access to any particular
record or records. The Apollo 360 contains a built-in
database of waypoints and waypoint information. Users
may add waypoints to this database.

Degree: 1/360th of a circle.

Desired Track (DTK): The desired course of navigation

between a point of origin and a destination waypoint.

Distance: A measure of interval in space. Also referred to
as range.

Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)

Drift: Displacement from the intended course of travel.

E Elevation: The altitude above ground.

Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)

Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)

F Fix: A geographical location determined by either visual

reference or by electronic navigation aids.

G Global Positioning System (GPS): Also known as

NAVSTAR. A constellation of satellites launched by the
U.S. Department of Defense into six orbit lanes (four
satellites per plane) at an altitude of 10,898 nm above the
earth.

Ground (GRND): Ground communication frequency

Ground Speed (GS): Speed of travel across the ground.

In aviation, the relation between ground speed and air
speed is affected by the prevailing winds.

A-2 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Glossary of Navigation Terms

I Icon: A symbol shown on the display depicting present

position. The icon is shown as a symbol of an airplane on
the Apollo 360’s moving map screens.

Identifier: A name, typically abbreviated, assigned to a
waypoint.The identifier may consistof numbers and alpha
characters, up to six in length. For example, the airport
identifier for Los Angeles International Airport is LAX.

Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)

Intersection (INT): A point defined by any combination

of courses, radials, or bearingsof two or morenavigational
aids.

K Knot (kt): A unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per

hour.

L Latitude (lat): Any line circling the earth parallel to the

equator, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds north
and south of the equator.

Longitude(lon):Any line from the north to the south pole,
measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds of acircle, east
or west of the Prime Meridian (Greenwich, England).

M Magnetic North: The region, some distance from the

geographic north pole where the earth’s magnetic lines
concentrate. A magnetic compass points to the magnetic
north.

Magnetic Variation (Mag Var): The angle between the
magnetic and true north. At various points on the earth it
is different due to local magnetic disturbances. It is shown
on charts as isogonic lines marked with degrees of
variation, either east or west. These degrees must be added
to or subtracted from the true course to get the magnetic
course. (Easterly variations are deducted, and westerly
variations are added.) The Apollo 360 automatically sets

P/N 560-0123-01 A-3

Glossary of Navigation Terms Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

magnetic variation to 0 degrees at positions above 70
degrees north or south latitude.

Map Datum: A mathematical model of the earth used for
the purpose of creating navigation charts and maps. The
Apollo 360 contains the set of datums listed in
Appendix B.

Meter(m): A metric distance measurement equalto 39.37
inches.

Minute: 1/60th of a degree.

N Nautical Mile (nm): A distance measurement equal to

6,076 feet, or 1.15 statute mile. One nautical mile is also
equal to one minute of latitude.

Non-directional Beacon (NDB): Alow
frequency/medium frequency navigation aid sending
non-directional signals that can be used for navigation.

P Position Dilution ofPrecision(PDOP): A merit valuefor

the calculated position based on the geometrical
configuration of the satellites used; 3 is considered good,
greater than 7 is considered poor.

R Radial: Any of the 360 magnetic courses from a VOR or

similar navigational aid, beginning at the navigational aid
and proceeding outward in a straight line.

Range (RNG): The distance from the present position to
a destination waypoint.

S Second: 1/60th of a minute of a degree.

Seed Position: A latitude and longitude position fix

approximately equal to the current position that the Apollo
360 uses to determine the location of available satellites
from which signals may be received.

A-4 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Glossary of Navigation Terms

Selective Availability (SA): The degradation of accuracy
of GPS position fix data by the United States Department
of Defense for civilian use.

Statute Mile: A distance measurement equal to 5,280 feet
or 0.87 of a nautical mile.

T Three-dimensional (3D) Position Fix: A position fix

defined by latitude, longitude, and altitude.

Track (TRK): The imaginary line that the flight path of
an airplane makes over the earth.

True North: Geographic north, at the earth’s north pole.

Tower (TWR): Airport tower communication frequency

U UNICOM: The radio frequenciesassignedtoaeronautical

advisory stations for communication with aircraft.
Unicoms may provide such airport information as active
runway, wind direction and velocity and other conditions
of importance to pilots.

Universal Coordinated Time (UTC): Greenwich Mean
Time, or the time at the Prime Meridian in Greenwich,
England. Also referred to as Zulu time.

UTC Differential: The difference in time between that at
the present position and UTC.

V Very High Frequency Omnirange (VOR): A

navigational aid that transmits signals such that a receiver
can indicate its current radial or bearing from the
transmitter.

W Waypoint:A navigational fix used in area navigation and

defined by latitude and longitude coordinates.

P/N 560-0123-01 A-5

Glossary of Navigation Terms Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Notes

A-6 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Map Datums

Appendix B
Map Datums

This appendix shows a list of the GPS map datums used
with the Apollo 360. Each map datum represents a
mathematical model of the earth used for the purpose of
establishingprecisioninchartingvariousareas of theearth.
Sinceeachdatumreliesonadifferentmathematicalmodel,
inconsistencies exist in defining the location of charted
points between datums. For this reason, it is important to
verify that you have selected the correct map datum for the
area where you navigate and the chart you use.

Note

WGS-1984 is the default datum until you change it.

Datum Name Ellipsoid (Model)

ARC 1950 Clarke 1880
ARC 1960 Clarke 1880
Australian Geodetic 1966 Australian National
Australian Geodetic 1984 Australian National
Bogota Observatory International
Campo Inchauspe International
Cape Clarke 1880
Carthage Clarke 1880
Chatham 1971 International
Chua Astro International
Corrego-Allegre International
European 1950 West Europe International
European 1950 Cyprus International
European 1950 Egypt International
European 1950 Iran International

P/N 560-0123-01 B-1

Map Datums Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Datum Name Ellipsoid (Model)

European 1950 Sicily International
European 1979 International
Gandajika Base International
Geodetic Datum 1949 International
Hjorsey 1955 International
Indian (Thailand/Vietnam) Everest
Indian (Bangladesh/India/Nepal) Everest
Ireland 1965 Airy Modified
Kertau 1948 Everest Modified
Liberia 1964 Clarke 1880
Luzon Clarke 1866
Massawa Bessel 1841
Merchich Clarke 1880
Minna Clarke 1880
Nahrwan Clarke 1880
North American 1927 Conus Clarke 1866
North American 1927 Alaska Clarke 1866
North American 1927 Canada Clarke 1866
North American 1927 Cntrl. Amer. Clarke 1866
North American 1963 GRS-80
Old Egyptian Helmert 1906
Old Hawaiian Clarke 1866
Oman Clarke 1880
Ordered Survey Great Britain 1936 Airy
Pitcairn Astro 1967 International
Quatar National International
Qurmoq International
Schwarzeck Bessel 1841
South America 1969 S. America 1969
Timbalai Everest
Tokyo Bessel 1841

B-2 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Map Datums

Datum Name Ellipsoid (Model)

Zanderij International
WGS-1972 WGS-72
WGS-1984 WGS-84

P/N 560-0123-01 B-3

Map Datums Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

B-4 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Map Datums

P/N 560-0123-01 B-5

Map Datums Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

B-6 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Map Datums

Notes

P/N 560-0123-01 B-7

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial

Appendix C
Tutorial

This appendix presents a tutorial on using the built-in
simulator to practice “flying” the Apollo 360. Use this
tutorial at your own paceto become familiar with usingthe
unit.

During the tutorial, you will use many of the Apollo 360’s
features as you would during an actual trip. All operating
functions are available while you use the simulator. Each
will work the same way when you actually navigate later.

With the aircraft parked, take some time to settle into the
cockpit and follow the instructions in this appendix to take
a trip. As you navigate with the simulator, feel free to
experiment with the features as much as you like. The
instructions here should serve only as a general guide. The
goal of this tutorial is to help you become comfortable
using the Apollo 360.

Important

Enter a seed position, and the current time and date as
Section 2 describes before using the simulator.

When you finish using the simulator, switch the unit off.
The next time you switch it on, simulator mode will be
automatically canceled and the unit will be set to aviation
mode for actual navigation.

P/N 560-0123-01 C-1

Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

Starting

the

Simulator

How to Do This

1. Turn the power knob
to switch on the
Apollo 360.

2. Press the MENU key
tocall themainmenu.

3. Turn the LARGE knob
clockwise one detent
to select the
“Operation Mode”
option.

4. Press the ENT key to
select the option.

5. Turn the SMALL knob
clockwise one detent
to select Simulator
mode.

6. Set your Ground
Speed.

7. A message warns you
against navigating
while using the Flight
Simulator.Press ENT
to continue.

C-2 P/N 560-0123-01

Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial

Preparing

for the

Trip

Before you navigate a trip, determine whether you will fly
direct to a waypoint, or navigate a route of several
waypoints. This tutorial presents instructions to set up
either kind of trip. It may be helpful to first navigate direct
to a destination before setting up a route to travel.

Originating

the Trip

The Apollo 360’s simulator uses your present position as
the point of origin for the trip unless you havealready used
the unit to navigate a route. If this is the case, refer to the
tutorial section entitled “Navigating a Route” later in this
section, or deactivate your route and continue. These
exercises assume your present position is the point of
origin for the trip.

Assigning

aDirect

Waypoint

1. Press the GOTO key.

How to Do This

Note:

Prepare to choose a waypoint close to
your present position to keep the trip
length under approximately 40 nm.

2. Turn the SMALL knob
to select the first
character of the
destination waypoint
name.

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Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

3. Turn the LARGE knob
to move the highlight
to the next character
of your destination
waypoint name.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3
to select the last
character of the
destination waypoint
name.

5. Press the ENT key to
assign the waypoint
as the destination.

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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial

Navigating

the Trip

Turn the LARGE knob to scroll through the navigation
screens. Notice the GPS signal screen.No received signals
are shown while you use the simulator.

Notice the present position screen. Your track shows
directly on course with no deviation from the bearing to
the destination. The lat/lon coordinates change to reflect
your present position to the nearest hundredth of a minute.

Note

GPS altitude is invalid while you use the simulator. No
GPS altitude value shows on the display.

Continue to turn the LARGE knob to check the other
navigation screens. The bearing/ETA/track screen shows
your the bearing and desired track to the destination. UTC
time is invalid while youuse the simulator. For thisreason,
no ETA shows on the display.

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Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver

The bearing/range/ground speed screen shows your
selected ground speed and estimated time enroute on the
trip.

Check the moving map screens to view your navigation
progress.

Looking

Around

Turn the SMALL knob to zoom in and out and see
waypoints around you. The map scale shows in the lower
left corner of the display and indicates the represented
distance between the airplane symbol and the top of the
display. For example, if you are 20 nm from your
destination and the map scale is set to 20 nm, you should
be able to see the destination on the display. If, at the same
map scale setting, your destination was 30 nm distant, you
would not be able to see it on the display unless you
selected a larger map scale.

Change the map scale to “AUTO” to enable the auto zoom
feature. Auto zoom shows your destination on the screen
and keeps it in view as you navigate your course. The map
scale changes automatically to a smaller scale as you
approach the destination.

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