II Morrow Inc 360 User Manual

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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
User’s Guide
II Morrow Inc.
2345 Turner Road S.E.
Salem, Oregon 97309
February 1997 P/N 560-0123-01B
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the express written consent of II Morrow Inc.
Apollo is a registered trademarkof II Morrow Inc.
© 1997 by II Morrow Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the U.S.A.
II Morrow Inc. Consumer Products Division 2345 Turner Road S.E. Salem, OR 97302
U.S.A. Toll Free 800-525-6726 Canada Toll Free 800-654-3415 FAX (503) 364-2138 International (503) 391-3411
P/N 560-0123-01 B
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
History of Revisions
October 1994 Original Release
October 1996 Revision 01 A
February 1997
Notice regarding 8-channel receiver added to page 3-6
Ordering Information
To receive additional copies of this publication, order part #560-0123, Apollo 360 GPS User’s Guide.
Revision 01 B
P/N 560-0123-01 B
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver About This Manual
About This Manual
This manual is divided into seven sections, each contains information of a specifi c type. This information is presented in a logical order such that the best understanding of unitoperation can be had by reading this manual in its entirety from front to back. T he five appendices at the back of this manual contain information helpful, but not critical to operation of the Apollo 360.
Those who are familiar with GPS navigation devices will find that Sections 2 and 3 impart a good understanding of unit operation, although it is recommended that a more thoroughknowledgeofhowto use the Apollo360isgained before using it as a navigation aid.
Here is a brief summary of information presented in each section and appendix.
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
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An explanation of basic concepts of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and how a GPS receiver works.
Note
Those familiar with GPS navigation may wish to skip Section 1 and proceed to Section 2 to begin using the Apollo 360.
An introduction to operating the Apollo 360 GPS receiver with a description of the function keys, knobs, and useful features
Alistingofthestepsnecessary to beginnavigatingusing the Apollo GPS receiver
Information on using the unit to navigate a trip and a description of navigation options
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About This Manual Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Section 5 An explanation of each main menu option Section 6 A description of the waypoint database and information
it contains
Appendix
A
A glossary of navigation and GPS terms
Appendix
B
A listing of map datums included with the Apollo 360
Appendix
C
A tutorial containing instructions on how to “fly” the Apollo 360 GPS receiver using the built-in simulator
Appendix
D
A troubleshooting guide explaining what to do if the receiver fails to operate properly
Appendix
E
Summary of features
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver About This Manual
Welcome...
Welcome to the ever-growing family of II Morrow customers using Apollo products around the world to navigate with a high degree of accuracy. We at II Morrow are proud of our reputation as a leading manufacturer of navigation equipment. Your Apollo model 360 GPS receiverisanadvancednavigation devicebuiltwithquality and pride. We are certain you will find it to be a versatile and valuable navigation instrument.
Contacting
the
Factory
Our staff of service technicians is available to assist you with any operational difficulties you may experience or to answer questions about your Apollo 360. Contact the factory anytime from 8:00 A.M. until 5:00 P.M. Pacific time Monday through Friday (excluding holidays).
II Morrow Inc. Technical Service Department 2345 Turner Road S.E. Salem, OR 97301 U.S.A.
U.S.A. Toll Free 800-525-6726 Canada Toll Free 800-654-3415 FAX (503) 364-2138 International (503) 391-3411
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About This Manual Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Caution
The Apollo 360 is a powerful navigation tool, but you should never rely solely on any one piece of navigation equipment.Itisimportanttomaintain a constantawareness ofthenavigationpictureby using all appropriateresources.
This device should be installed only by an FAA certified facility. Certified avionicstechnicians will properlyinstall and checkout your Apollo 360, ensuring trouble free operation when you fly with the unit.
Federal Aviation Administration regulations require pilots to practice SEE and AVOID. Do not study this manual while flying. Make your first flight using the Apollo 360 during good weather in a low traffic area. Read at least Sections 2 and 3 of this manual before you fly.
The Apollo 360 is equipped with a built-in simulator to allow you to practice navigating without actually flying. Appendix C at the back of this manual contains a tutorial section explaining how to use the simulator. Try this helpful tool to familiarize yourself with operating the unit before navigating with the Apollo 360.
Remember, use the Apollo 360 for VFR operation only.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Section Subject Page
1 Introduction to GPS Navigation
Overview ................................ 1-1
GPS System Accuracy...................... 1-2
Summary ................................ 1-2
2 Introduction to the Apollo GPS Receiver
The Operating Functions .................... 2-1
Function Keys ............................ 2-2
Navigation Function ....................... 2-2
Menu Function............................ 2-3
Goto and Nearest Functions ................. 2-3
New Waypoint Function .................... 2-3
Waypoint Information Function .............. 2-3
The Display .............................. 2-4
Display Care and Cleaning Instructions...... 2-4
LCD Backlight Switch ................... 2-5
Helpful Instructions on the Display ......... 2-5
Control Knobs ............................ 2-5
The Power Knob........................ 2-6
The Concentric Rotary Knobs ............. 2-6
The Display Screens ....................... 2-7
The Startup Screen ...................... 2-7
Navigation Function Screens .............. 2-8
Menu Function Screen ................... 2-9
Goto and Nearest Function Screens........ 2-11
New Waypoint Function Screen .......... 2-12
Waypoint Information Function Screen..... 2-13
Summary ............................... 2-13
3 Getting Started
Power Up ................................ 3-1
Entering a Seed Position .................... 3-2
Checking GPS Signal Strength ............... 3-5
Checking Each Satellite..................... 3-6
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Table of Contents Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Entering a Destination Waypoint ............. 3-7
Summary ................................ 3-9
Section Subject Page
4 Navigating a Trip
About the Navigation Function ............... 4-1
About Navigation Function Screens ........... 4-1
GPS Signal Strength Screen............... 4-2
Current Messages Screen ................. 4-3
Present Position Screen .................. 4-5
Bearing/ETA/Track Screen ............... 4-6
Bearing/Range/Ground Speed Screen ....... 4-6
Moving Map/Nav Window Screen ......... 4-7
Moving Map Screen..................... 4-8
Zooming In or Out ...................... 4-9
Auto Zoom ............................ 4-9
The Route Screen ...................... 4-10
Searching for Nearest Waypoints ............ 4-10
Creating Waypoints ....................... 4-11
Getting Waypoint Information .............. 4-12
Destination Waypoint Information ........ 4-13
Information About Other Waypoints....... 4-13
Information About Nearest Waypoints ..... 4-13
Scanning Waypoints for Information....... 4-14
Navigating Multiple Leg Trips .............. 4-15
Creating a Route....................... 4-15
Changing a Route Waypoint ............. 4-17
Adding a Route Waypoint ............... 4-18
Deleting Route Waypoints ............... 4-19
Starting a Route ....................... 4-20
Stopping or Holding a Route ............. 4-21
Resuming a Route...................... 4-22
Route “Direct To”...................... 4-22
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Table of Contents
Section Subject Page
5 Menu Function Options
The Main Menu ........................... 5-3
Changing Menu Option Settings ........... 5-3
Return to Nav .......................... 5-3
Operation Mode ........................ 5-4
Time and Place ......................... 5-5
Screen Controls ........................ 5-5
Map Setups ............................ 5-6
Declutter Maps ......................... 5-7
Track Point History ..................... 5-8
Arrival Alerts .......................... 5-9
Airspace Alerts........................ 5-10
CDI Scale ............................ 5-10
Magnetic Variation..................... 5-11
Countdown Time ...................... 5-12
Display Units ......................... 5-13
Serial Outputs......................... 5-14
User Waypoint Management ............. 5-15
System Info 1 ......................... 5-16
System Info 2 ......................... 5-16
Default Settings .......................... 5-18
6 The Waypoint Database
Database Structure......................... 6-1
Available Waypoint Information.............. 6-1
ARPT Waypoints ....................... 6-1
VOR Waypoints ........................ 6-2
NDB Waypoints ........................ 6-3
INT Waypoints......................... 6-3
USER Waypoints ....................... 6-4
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Table of Contents Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Appendices
A Glossary of Navigation Terms
B Map Datums
C Tutorial
D Troubleshooting
Contacting the Factory......................D-3
E Features
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to GPS Navigation
Section 1 Introduction to GPS Navigation
GPS
Overview
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a constellation of 24 satellites in six orbit lanes 10,898 nautical miles above the earth at an inclination angle of about 55 degrees from theequator.Eachsatelliteorbitsthe earth twice in24hours.
The GPS was developed and the satellites launched by the U.S. Department of Defense with the original intent of supplying highly accurate position fix information for military applications. In r ecent years, commercial applications for the information provided by this system have steadily increased in the civilian sector. Some of the more popular civilian usesof the system includesurveying and position fix data recording for civil engineering applications, and a broad range of marine, aviation, and terrestrial navigation applications.
While orbiting the earth, each GPS satellite transmits complex streams of data containing the operational status and orbital location of all the satellites in the system. The Apollo 360 receives this data stream and processes the information to determine which satellites are “visible” to the receiver’s antenna. With this determination made, the
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Introduction to GPS Navigation Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
receiverchooses satellites to calculate a position fix.Using information transmitted from three or more satellites, the unit can calculate latitude and longitude (usually abbreviated lat/lon); with four or more satellites, GPS altitude can also be calculated.
GPS
System
Accuracy
TheGPSallowsahighdegreeofpositionfixaccuracy.The system can produce a position fix accurate to within less than one meter. Due to concern for national security, the U.S. Department of Defense introduces constant errors to the transmitted satellite data to degrade the accuracy of the system. Called Selective Availability, this practice limits GPS position fix accuracy to about 100 meters, although the relative position of the satellites to one another, their elevation above the horizon, and other factors can also affect accuracy of the po sition fix. Under optimal conditions,accuracycanimprovetowithin 10 meters.GPS position fix accuracy is not affected by atmospheric conditions.
GPS altitude is based on a mathematical model of the sphereofthe earth. Including intentional degradation, GPS altitude may differ from barometric altitude by several hundred feet.
Summary Unlike navigation aids providing a position fix with data
from land-based sources, the Apollo 360 can provide an accurate position fix over land or sea anywhere in the world. The unit includes an extensive database of useful waypoint information and allows you to create up to 2,000 “customized” waypoints of your own. With the power of this navigation device in the cockpit, you can easily navigate with unsurpassed accuracy.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360
Section 2 Introduction to the Apollo 360
This section introduces you to theApollo 360 and explains how to use and switch between the unit’s operating functions. A description of information that shows on the display when you use each function is included at the back of this section. Section 3 builds on the introductory information presented here as you switch on and begin using the Apollo 360.
The
Operating
Functions
There are five main operating functions, each performing a different and unique task while you navigate. Each function also provides one or more screens of information on the display. At least one of these functions is always in use when the unit is on. T he functions operate independently of one another, so you can switch between them freely without disrupting navigation.
The five operating functions are:
Navigation (always active) Menu Goto and nearest New waypoint Waypoint information
As you set up and navigate a course with the Apollo 360, you will typically use several of these operating functions. During the trip, you will use the navigation function most of the time to monitor your progress. To most effectively use the Apollo 360, become well acquainted with each operating function.
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Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Function
Keys
Navigation
Function
Each of the operating functions is easily accessible from the front panel by using the function keys. Remember, the navigation function is always active -pressing a key is not necessary to enable it.
This function starts automatically when the unit is switched on and stays active. You will use this function most often while flying. The navigation function provides information about:
Your current position and navigation progress to a destination
GPS satellite signals Routes, or trips with multiple legs Events or conditions important to trip navigation
Navigationfunction screens show on the display whenever other functions are not in use.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360
Menu
Function
Goto and
Nearest
Functions
New
Waypoint
Function
Use this function to access a menu of options that modify the way navigation information shows on the display. In this way, you may customize the Apollo 360 to best suit your navigation requirements. The menu function also controls many other important ways the unit operates.
The goto and nearest functions operate together. Press this key once for the goto function or twice for the nearest function. Use the goto function to assign a destination waypoint, perhaps one you create, or a waypoint from the Apollo 360’s built-in database. The nearest function, always available when you use the goto function, provides a list of waypoints nearest to your present position. These twofunctionsallowyoutoquickly and easilycreateaflight plan, or change it while navigating.
Use the waypoint function to create your own waypoints andstorethemintheApollo360’smemory. You cancreate up to 2,000 of your own waypoints, each with a name you choose.You can create waypoints based upon your present position, or yo u can enter latitude and longitude coordinates (usually abbreviated lat/lon) to define the waypoint location.
Waypoint
Information
Function
Use this function to get information aboutany waypoint in the Apollo 360’s built-in database, including those you have created and stored. Available information includes:
Waypoint identifier and type (airport, VOR, NDB, or intersection)
Bearing and distance to the waypoint from your current position
Lat/lon coordinates of waypoint For airports, the elevation, fuel availability and type,
radio communication frequencies, runway details, and more
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Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
The
Display
Display
Care and
Cleaning
Instructions
The display shows information for each operating function. This information typically includes navigation progress, waypoint information, satellite tracking status, and menu options and selections. Display contrast and the display backlight are adjustable to best suit viewing conditions in the cockpit. See “S creen Controls” in Section 5 for details on adjusting the screen.
Your new Apollo 360 GPS has a space-age anti-glare film that has been applied to thedisplayscreen.This is the same filmthat is used on theNASASpace Shuttle windows. The surface of the film has a hard coating that is scratch resistant. Despite this coating, extreme care must be taken when cleaning the display screen. To remove stains, smudges, fingerprints, and so forth, we recommend these cleaning methods (if the first method fails to remove the problem, try the next method):
Wipe with a clean, dry, non-abrasive fabric (for example, cotton or Handi-wipes)
Blow on the area to condense moisture on the display and then wipe the area with the clean fabric
Moisten a clean fabricwith a small amount of water and wipe the display area
Apply a small amount of glass cleaner (without ammonia) to the fabric and wipe the area
Apply a small amountof isopropyl alcohol and wipethe area (this is the last resort)
Note:
Use a clean fabric with each cleaning method to avoid other contaminates.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360
LCD
Backlight
Helpful
Instructions
on the
Display
Control
Knobs
This key controls the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) backlight,enabling you to easily viewthedisplayin a wide variety of cockpit ambient light conditions. Five backlight intensity levels are available fromno intensity (off) to high intensity.
While you use most functions, the Apollo 360 shows you what to do. Helpfulinstructions typically appear onthe top and bottom lines ofthe display. A highlighted, ordarkened word in an instruction advises you which key to press to select an option.
The control knobs switch the Apollo 360on and off, select menuoptionsandmakechanges. The control knobsconsist of the power knobat the upper left cornerof the front panel and the concentric rotary knobs at the lower right corner of the front panel.
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Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
The
Power
Knob
The
Concentric
Rotary Knobs
This knob switches the receiver on and off. Each time you switch the unit on, it performs internal diagnostics, begins tracking available GPS satellites, and activates the navigationfunction.Thisprocesstakesonlyafew seconds, providing that a seed position and current time have been entered.
Note
You must enter a seed position and the current time before you navigate with the Apollo 360. This process is required only once, and greatly speeds the otherwise slow receiver process of tracking available GPS satellites. Entering a seed position and thecurrent time is explained in Section 3.
The LARGE and SMALL concentric rotary knobs allow you to move the highlight cursor around the display to select menu options and make changes. The highlight cursor typically shows on the display when you use an operating function. The cursor indicates that the highlighted item can be changed.
A vertical and/or horizontal arrow symbol often shows at the lower right corner of the display. These symbols indicate that additional options are available and that changes can be made.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360
The
Display
Screens
The
Startup
Screens
Information you view on the display while using the Apollo 360 shows one page or “screen” at a time. Many of the operating functions can show more than one screen of information. When more than one screen of information is available,eithertheverticalarrowsymboloraninstruction line shows on t he display to inform you that more information awaits your view. Follow the instruction, or if the vertical arrow symbol shows on the display, turn the LARGE knob to view this additional information.
Information screens available while using each operating function are introduced here. Section 4 contains additional details about each operating function.
The startup screens shows on the display for several seconds after you switch on the Apollo 360. While these screens show on the display, the unit performs internal diagnostics, begins tracking available GPS satellites, and activates the navigation function.
Route
Display
Selection
It is worth noting here that the Screen Controls screen (located under the Main Menu) allows the user to select either a 1-Leg or 3-Leg route display. The 3-Leg display provides more route information in a single screen, but the 1-Leg provides larger character size for easier viewing.
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Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Navigation
Function
Screens
The Apollo 360 shows one of eight screens while you use the navigation function. Each screen contains useful information. After the startup screen appears on the display,theunitshowsthe GPS signal screen,allowingyou to verify good signal reception from available satellites. You can “scroll” or page through the other available screens by turning the LARGE knob.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360
Menu
Function
Screen
The menu function contains options that control many ways the Apollo 360 operates and lets you customize the navigation function to suit your preference. The menu function screen is a main menu with options selected by turning the LARGE knob to move the arrow cursor up or down the list.
The main menu contains these options:
Return to Nav ­Returns the unit from th e menu function to the navigation function
Operation Mode ­Enables the built-innavigation simulator or changes the map datum
Time and Place ­Contains seed position and current time settings
Screen Controls ­Contains control settings for display backlight and contrast
Map Setups ­Contains control settings for information shown on moving map screens (navigation function)
Declutter Maps ­Containscontrol settings for types of waypoints to show on moving map navigation screens (navigation function) and in the nearest waypoint list
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Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Track Point History ­Controls navigation “track point” storage in memory and whether points show on moving map navigation screens (navigation function)
Arrival Alerts ­Controls alert message at waypoint arrival
Airspace Alerts ­Controls alert message at airspace entry
CDI Scale ­Containscontrolsettingsforcoursedeviationindication and alert message
Magnetic Var ­Contains control settings for magnetic variation in course headings
Countdown Time ­Controls built-in countdown timer
Display Units ­Contains control settings for navigation units of measure
Serial Outputs ­Controls either of the two serial ports for interface with external devices
User Wpt Mgmt ­Controls editing or deletion of waypoints you have entered in the Apollo 360’s memory
System Info 1 ­Enables showing of unit serial number and current hardware and software versions on the display
System Info 2 ­Enables showing of current database and operating system versions on the display
Using the menu function does not interrupt navigation. Section 5 describes how to use each main menu option.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360
Goto and
Nearest
Function
Screens
The paired goto and nearest functions work together, allowing you to quickly and easily assign a destination waypoint (goto) or to assign a waypoint near your present position as a destination (nrst). The goto function starts when you press the GOTO/NRST key once. Assign a destination waypoint from the goto function screen using the LARGE and SMALL knobs. The assigned destination waypoint may be one you created, or a waypoint from the built-in database. The screen shows the assigned destination waypoint and the waypoint’s location relative to your present position.
When you press the GOTO/NRST key again, the nearest function starts. The nearest function screen showsa listing ofupto30of the waypoints nearest toyourpresentposition and the location of each waypoint relative to your present position. You can assign any of these waypoints as a destination by pressing the ENT key.
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Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Section 3 contains more information about assigning a destination waypoint. Navigation to an assigned waypoint is not interrupted while using either of these functions unless you assign a new destination waypoint.
New
Waypoint
Function
Screen
This screen shows informationaboutwaypoints you create using the new waypoint function. You can use present position lat/lon coordinates for the new waypoint’s location, or enter coordinates of your choice from this screen. Information on the screen includes the created waypoint’s location and the location of the nearest VOR relative to your present position.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Introduction to the Apollo 360
Waypoint
Information
Function
Screen
Summary
The waypoint information function can be used anytime to get information about a waypoint without interrupting navigation. The waypoint information function screen shows the waypoint identifier, and distance and bearing from your present position. The vertical arrow symbol at the bottom right corner of the display indicates that more information is available by turning the LARGE knob to scroll through additional screens.
Once you have become familiar with using the Apollo 360 to navigate, you will findthat switching between operating functions is fast and easy and that you will do this often while navigating a trip. No matter which operating function you use, the unit allows you to quickly and easily return to the always active navigation function. Your present position continues to be calculated without interruption while you use the other operating functions.
Here is a quick review of the purpose of each operating function.
Navigation function - provides information about your current position and navigation progress, GPS satellite
Always
Active
signals, multiple legs trips, and messages showing important events or conditions while you navigate. You exit from other functions to return to this one.
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Introduction to the Apollo 360 Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Menu function - calls up the main menu of options to control ways the Apollo 360 operates. This function also controls the
MENU
way navigation information shows on the display.
Goto and Nearest functions -Goto assigns a destination waypoint from the
GOTO
Apollo 360’s built-in database. Nearest callsupalistofup to 30waypointsnearest to your present position, any of which may be assigned as a new destination.
NEAREST
New waypoint function - creates waypoints and stores them in memory. Created waypoints can be based upon your present position, or lat/lon
WPT
coordinates you enter.
Waypoint information function - calls up information from the Apollo 360’s built-in waypoint database. You can also access information about waypoints you have created. Information includes the
INFO
waypoint identifier and type, waypoint bearing and distance from your current position, waypoint lat/lon coordinates, and more.
LCD backlight - controls whether or not the backlight is on, and the backlight intensity level.
Backlight
The next section explains how to start up the Apollo 360, enter the seed position and current time, and assign a destination waypoint. Once these tasks are completed, the unit is ready to use to navigate a trip.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Getting Started
Section 3 Getting Started
This section explains how to get started using the Apollo 360. Information in this section explains how to startuptheunit,checksignalsfromthe GPS satellites, enter a seed position, and assign a destination waypoint.
Thissectionshows you how to quickly start the Apollo 360 and check for proper operation. It is necessary to enter a seed position and the current time the first time you switch the unit on.
Power up Enter a seed position (your dealer may have already
completed this step for you) Check satellite signal strength Enter goto waypoint Begin navigating
Power Up To switch the unit on, turn the power knob clockwise (the
knob is above and to the left of the display). The startup screen shows on the display for several seconds.
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Getting Started Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Entering
a Seed
Position
The first time the Apollo 360 is switched on,it must locate satellites in the sky to acquire signals before determining a position fix. This is a complex process involving lengthy mathematical operations and, without a seed position and the current time and date, can take 30 minutes or more to complete. Enter this information to allow the receiver to quickly locate and track available satellites.
Theseedpositionandcurrenttimemustonlybeentered the first time the receiver i s switched on. T his information is stored in memory and need not be entered again. Your dealer may have already entered the local time and position for you.
1. Press
MENU to
access the main menu.
Note
How to Do This
2. Select the “Time and Place” option.
3. Press the ENT key.
4. Set the latitude and longitude coordinates near to your current position.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Getting Started
5. Set the current date.
6. Set local time. (Or enter UTC time and skip step 7 below.)
Use the SMALL
knob to change values. The LARGE knob movesthe highlight on the screen to select the next value to change.
Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs as you did to set the lat/long coordinates in step 4.
Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs to select and set local time (LOC). You may alsoentercurrentUTCtime and skipentry of UTC differential in step 7. It is not necessary to enter seconds - they cannot be set.
7. Set the difference betwee n local time and UTC time.
Use the illustration on the next page to determine the UTC differential for your area. Enter this value as the difference between local and UTC time (UTC DIFF).
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11 10 9 8 7 6 5
43
210
Add Hours
Subtract Hours
Subract 1 hour during summer for Daylight Savings Time
(where DST applies)
123
456789101112
+
-
Getting Started Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
As an example, the UTC DIFF value in Seattle, Washington would be +08:00 (or +07:00 during daylight savings time).
8. Press the ENT key.
The values you set are entered and the main menu returns to the display. “Return To Nav” is selected.
9. Press the
ENT key
once again.
The display shows the navigation screen in use before the menu function was started in step 1.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Getting Started
Checking
GPS
Signal
Strength
Afterstartup,theunitshowstheGPSsignalstrengthscreen on the display, indicating that the navigation function is active.
Note
While the Apollo 360 acquires signal information from satellites, the bars representing signal strength show grey in color. This process takes place quickly. When the unit has acquired the signals and begins tracking the satellites, the bars change to black.
The GPS signal strength screen is the first to show on the display after the unit starts up. Make it a habit to check this screen to make sure that the constellation of satellites are healthy and that the unit is properly tracking visible satellites before you fly.
In this example, the screen shows that six satellite signals are being received. The question mark symbol (?) is highlighted, indicating that information on the display relates to all visible satellites. The Apollo 360 requires signals from at least four satellites to calculate a 3D position fix (lat/lon and GPS altitude).
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Getting Started Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Checking
Each
Satellite
Turn the SMALL knob to view information about each of the visible satellites. This example shows information about satellite 25.
Important!
The GPS antenna must be able to “see” each satellite it is tracking. If a satellite is “shaded” by the wing or fuselage during a turn, it may temporarily loose track of that satellite. If this happens, or if the geometry of thesatellitesavailableispoor,the unit maytemporarily calculate a “2D Fix” or “DR Fix” (dead reckoning).
NOTICE
Apollo 360 GPS units, part number 430-0256-01, contain an 8-channel GPS receiver instead of the 6-channel receiver used in earlier units. The8-channel Apollo 360 GPS unitsprovide performace that is equal to or better than the 6-channel models. However, the Satellite Tracking Page will only show tracking status of the satellites assigned to channels 1 through 6. It is possible that up to 2 satellites that are in track ( those assigned to channels 7 and 8) will not appear on the Satellite Tracking Page.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Getting Started
Entering
a
Destination
With a seed position and the current time and date set, the Apollo 360 is ready to begin navigating a trip. Prepare for trip navigation by entering a destination waypoint.
Waypoint
1. Press the GOTO/NRST key.
2. Select a destination waypoint.
How to Do This
The goto function screen shows on the display with the distance and bearing from your present position to the indicated waypoint.
Use the SMALL knob to change the highlighted character in the waypoint identifier. The LARGE knob moves the highlight on the screen to select the next character to change.
Note
Waypoints on the displayarestored in the unit’s built-in database. By moving the highlighttoARPTandturningthe SMALL knob, you can cha nge the type of destination waypoint to select: airport, NDB, VOR, INT, or USER (user created). For instance, with ARPT indicated as the type of destination waypoint, only airports show on the display as you select identifier characters.
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Hints
For airport waypoints, turn the LARGE knob to move the highlight on the screen downtothesecondline containing thecity name. You can select characters in this line, too. The SMALL knob scrolls throughwaypointnamesthatmostclosely match the characters you select.
You can also scroll through each waypoint in the databas e. With the highlight over the first character of either thewaypointidentifier OR city name, turn the LARGE knob one detent counterclockwise. A highlighted vertical arrow symbol appears to the left of the first character.
Use the SMALL knob to scroll through each waypoint in the Apollo GPS receiver’s built-in database.
3. Make sure correct waypoint is selected.
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4. Press the ENT key.
The selected w aypoint is set as the destination. The display shows the navigation screen in use before the Goto function was started in step 1.
Summary With the seed position and current time entered, and the
destination waypoint showing on the display, the Apollo 360 is ready to use to help you navigate. Before you fly, remember to check GPS satellite signal strength and verify thetypeofposition fix theunitisprovidingbasedon visible satellites above you. This operation is quick and easy, as the satellite signal strength screen is the first to show on the display after the unit starts up.
Thenext section contains information about howtouse the navigation function while you fly. A built-in simulator is included with the Apollo 360 to help you become better acquainted with using it. Appendix C at the back of this manualcontains a tutorial on how tostartthesimulator and practice navigating without actually flying.
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Notes:
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip
Section 4 Navigating a Trip
Thissectionexploresthenavigationfunction and describes thepowerfulfeaturesit contains.Youwilluse this function most frequently while you fly, so it is important to have a good understanding of this operating function. Follow the instructions provided in Section 2 before you read this section. Leave the unit on, relax in the cockpit with your aircraft parked, and use the features this section describes to become familiar with them. In this way, you can more effectively use this powerful navigationinstrumenttoyour advantage when flying. Even though you may not be actively navigating, you will be able to gain valuable familiarity with the unit. When you become comfortable operating the unit, you may wish to “fly” the Apollo 360 using the built-in simulator. Follow the tutorial instructions in Appendix C.
About the
Navigation
Function
About the
Navigation
Function
Screens
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The navigation function is always active. When you use other functions, the navigation function continues to run “in the background” calculating your present position, navigating your multiple leg trip (if active), and alerting you to events or conditions important to the navigation process. When you finish using other functions, the unit automatically returns to the navigation function, displaying the last navigation screen used.
While you navigate, the Apollo 360 gives informationon eight screens. Each screen contains unique information useful to the navigation effort.
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Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
The LARGE knob “scrolls” or pages forward or backward through the screens in the order shown in Section 2. After you become more familiar with each screen, you may develop a preference forsome. This section describeseach screen.
GPS
Signal
Strength
Screen
This screen, the first to appear after the unit starts up, contains information about signals received from visible satellites in the sky.
The screen tells you:
The type of position fix currently calculated by the unit:
NO FIX: no signals available
DR FIX: (Dead Reckoning) the position is estimated based on the last known track, ground speed, and position
2D FIX: the position fix is calculated based on signals from only three satellites and GPS altitude is not available
3D FIX: the position fix is calculated based on signals from four or mo re satellites, and GPS altitude is available
The total number of operational or “good” GPS satellites in orbit
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip
The number of satellites visible in the sky from your position
ThePosition Dilution of Precision(PDOP) value for the position fix provided by the satellite constellation - a high value (6 or greater) indicates poor position reliability, while a value of 3 or less indicates good position reliability
In addition, individual satellite information is available by rotating the SMALL knob, as follows:
The strength of the received signal from each satellite The satellite azimuth and elevation from the current
position The GPS receiver’s current track status for each visible
satellite
Current
Messages
Screen
The Apollo 360 helps you navigate by informing you of important events or conditions while you fly. When an important event or condition occurs, an alert message shows on the display to inform you. (Alerts marked with the * can be controlled by menu options described in Section 5.) Alerts may show on the display anytime the unit is operating to alert you of the following conditions:
Airspace penetration*
Arrival at a destination*
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Excessive course deviation*
Loss of position fix
Low memory back-up battery
Expiration of countdown time
Manual magnetic variation alert
Magnetic variation compensation limitation
Simulated flight warning
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When you see one of these alerts on the display, follow the instruction shown to clear it. Clearing the alert removes it from the display. The screen shown before the alert appeared returns to the display.
Thecurrentmessagesscreenservesas a reviewofanyalerts presentedthis wayduringthetrip.Alertmessagesthatshow on the screen must be valid at the time you check them or they will not show as a current message. Press ENT, as shownon the current messagescreen,toview other current messages (if available).
Present Position
Screen
This screen shows the lat/long coordinates of your present position, GPS altitude, and any course deviation from desired track.
When you fly, this screen can be valuable to check your position against a chart with close precision. Keep in mind that GPS altitude is not based on the same criteria as barometricaltitudewhichusesapressure offset value.GPS altitude is also affected by selective availability.
Course deviation shows in the rectangular Course DeviationIndicator(CDI)at the bottom ofthe display.The airplane symbol moves over the graduated CDI to show your current distanceleft or right of desired track. You can select CDI range and units of measure using the menu function options “CDI Scale” and “Units of Measure” described in Section 5.
Bearing/
ETA/Track
In addition to the CDI, the bearing/ETA/track screen also shows:
Screen
The destination waypoint and type
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The bearing (BRG), estimated time of arrival (ETA), and desired track (DTK) to the destination
The current time The current track
Bearing/
Range/ Ground
Speed
Screen
Moving
Map/Nav
Window
Screen
Similar to the bearing/ETA/track screen, this one substitutes range for ETA, estimated time enroute (ETE) for current time, and ground speed (GS) for desired track. Since this screen is viewable by turning the LARGE knob only one detent clockwise from the bearing/ETA/track screen, you will likely find it convenient to switch back and forth between these two screens often to check your navigation progress.
One of the most attractive features of the Apollo 360 is its ability to show your navigation progress graphically against a “moving map” of waypoints. Your present position is indicated by the airplane symbol near thecenter of the display.
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Using the moving map screen, you can easily track your navigation progress as the aircraft travels over or near waypoints beneath you. The moving map/nav window screen shows this information in the box at the right side of the display:
The destination waypoint and type Bearing to the destination waypoint Range to the destination waypoint Ground speed Current track Course deviation distance and a directional arrow
indicating the direction to turn to get on course
The map scale shows in the highlight at the lower left corner of the screen. The scale shows the approximate distance represented on the map between the airplane symbol and the top border of the display. You can select distance units of measure for the map scale and all other navigation screens using the menu function “Display Units” option explained in Section 5.
The figure below shows a change in scale caused by turning the SMALL knob. The scale may be changed from .1 nm to 750 nm or set to auto. In this case, the distance from the airplane icon to the top of the screen is 20 miles.
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Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Moving
Map
Screen
Thismovingmapscreenis similar totheonejustdescribed, but it fills the entire display.
The following information shows in highlighted boxes at each corner of the display:
The destination waypoint Bearing to the destination waypoint Map scale Range to the destination waypoint
The moving map screens represent graphic views of your navigation progress in a format easy to interpret while flying. Note that the display orientation may be changed so that the top of the may be north, desired track, or track. Themapsetupoption,describedinSection5, explains how to change the orientation.
Zooming In or Out
The moving map screens feature a handy zoom function to allow you to enhance your view of navigation progress. Zoom in or out by turning the SMALL knob. Zooming in changes the view to enlarge map detail, as if the airplane symbol was flying ata lower altitude over themap surface.
Similarly, zooming out allows a view of greater distance around the airplane symbol, as if the airplane was flying higher over the map. As you zoom in or out, the map scale changes to show the new distance represented between the airplanesymbolandthetopborderofthedisplay.Zooming in close to airport waypoints enables you to see your orientation in relation to available runways.
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Auto
Zoom
The
Route
Screen
The auto zoom feature changes the moving map scale automatically, adjusting the map scale to zoom in closer and closer as you near the destination waypoint.Similarly, this feature adjusts the map scale to zoom out as your distance from a waypoint of origin increases.
Enable auto zoom by turning the SMALL knob until “AUTO” shows as the map scale. Using auto zoom frees youfrom manually adjusting the map scaleasyouview the moving map screens.
The Apollo 360 has the ability to store up to 20 reversible trip plans or “routes” in memory. Each route can consist of up to 30 waypoints, either those you create or those from the built-in waypoint database.
The preceding and following displays show the 1-Leg and 3-Legroutescreens,respectively.Youcanselect either display using the Screen Control function under the Main Menu.
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The route screen shows the status (onor off) andeither the next two orthe next four waypoints of each route, as well as the desired track and distance between the displayed waypoints. No more than one route may be active, or ON at any time while you navigate. When the route screen is displayed, review each route by pressing the ENT key when NXT RTE is highlighted. The procedure to set up routes is explained later in this section. The 1-Leg screen uses larger characters for easierviewing. The 3-Leg screen provides more information on a single display. The procedure for setting up the route is the same using either screen.
Searching
for
Nearest
Waypoints
An important feature of the Apollo 360 is its ability to locatewaypointsclosesttoyourpositionasyoufly.Should you have to land the aircraft quickly, you can use this feature to locate a nearby waypoint, assign it as a destination, and quickly navigate to it.
While navigating, press the GOTO/NRST key twice to activate the nearest function and search for waypoints closest to your present position.
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The nearest function screen shows up to 30 nearest waypoints in order of distance from your present position. The waypoint type, bearing to the waypoint, and range to the waypoint also shows.
TurntheLARGEknobclockwisetomovethearrowcursor down the list to select a destination. Press the ENT key to assign your chosen waypoint as a destination. The display returns to the navigation function automatically.
You can also return to the navigation function without assigning a new destination waypoint from the list by pressing the MENU key. You may also exit the function by turning the SMALL knob to select “QUIT” at the bottom of the display and pressing the ENT key.
Important
You can control thetypes of waypoints that show on the display as the result of a search for nearest waypoints. The menu function “Declutter Maps” option allows youto choose whether ornottodisplay airports, VORs, NDBs, and intersections as searched waypoints and on the moving map screens. Before you fly, make sure to check this option and confirm that the waypoint types you wish to show will appear on the display after a search and while using the moving map screens. The “Declutter Maps” option is explained in Section 5.
Creating
Waypoints
The Apollo 360 allows you to create up to 2,000 of your own waypoints, each with a name you choose. As you navigate, you may wish to create waypoints at locations that are important to you, or waypoints to which you plan to return. You canuse your present position orenter lat/lon coordinates for the waypoint’s location.
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Use the new waypoint function to create waypoints. Press the WPT key. The new waypoint function screen allows you to enter a waypoint name of your choice, or you can use the default waypoint name that the unit assigns as a number.
Turn the LARGE knobtomove the highlight to thedesired characterinthewaypointnametochangeit. Once you have enteredthe desired waypoint name, you can assign the new waypointyourpresent position coordinates by pressing the ENT key. If you wish your new waypoint to be located elsewhere, use the LARGE and SMALL knobs to move thehighlightandchangethe waypoint lat/longcoordinates. When you are finished, press the ENT key to enter the new waypoint into memory.
The fact that you may assign either your present position or lat/lon coordinates of your choice when you create waypoints is significant. You can create waypoints either as you fly, or more conveniently, before or after you fly when you are not busy navigating.
You can always edit ordelete waypoints you have created. The menu function “User Waypoint Management” option allows you to perform these tasks. The use of this option is described in Section 5.
Getting
Waypoint
Information
Use the waypoint information function anytime to get information on waypoints in the Apollo 360’s memory, including waypoints you have created. A complete listing of available information is included in Section 6, that explains the built-in waypoint database.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip
Destination
Waypoint
Information
Information
About
Other
Waypoints
Press the INFO key to activate the waypoint information function.
The waypoint information screen introduced in Section 2 shows on the display with information about the current destination waypoint. Turn the LARGE knob to scroll through additional screens of information about the waypoint. Press the INFO key again to return to the navigation function.
You can also get information about any other waypoint in memory by using the goto function together with the waypoint information function. Press the GOTO/NRST key as if you were assigning a destination waypoint. Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs to select the waypoint name. When the desired waypoint name shows on the display, press the INFO key to get information about the waypoint.
To return to the navigation function, press the MENU key, then press the ENT key.
Information
About
Nearest
Waypoints
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The waypoint information function also works with the nearest function. This allows you to quickly get information about any of the waypoints nearest to your present position.
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Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Press the GOTO/NRST key twice to search for nearest waypoints. When the list of these waypoints shows on the display, use the LARGE knob to move the arrow cursor to the desired waypoint. Press the INFO key to get information about the waypoint.
To return to the navigation function, press the MENU key, then press the ENT key.
Scanning
Waypoints
for
Information
You can “scan” waypoints on the moving map screens to get information quickly. With a moving map screen showing on the display, press the ENT key several times.
Notice that the highlight moves from the destination waypoint to a different waypoint on the screen each time you press this key. When the highlight has moved to the desired waypoint, press the INFO key to get information about the waypoint. This feature makes it fast and convenient to get information about any waypoint near your flight path while you navigate.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip
Navigating
Multiple
Leg Trips
Creating
a Route
The ability of the Apollo 360 to store multiple leg flight plans is very useful. Once you set up a route, you can navigate the plan in forward or reverse. You can also edit a route you have created, or select any waypoint from a route and navigate directly to it, skipping other waypoints and legs of the trip. Remember, you can use the Screen Control function to set the route screen to display either 1-Leg or 3-Legs of the route you create.
Select“EDIT”fromtheroutescreen tobegincreatingroute number 01. Then select “INS” to insert waypoints into the route.
Prepare to insert waypoints into your route beginning with the waypoint of origin. Then you can insert other waypoints in the order you will travel to them, working toward the destination waypoint.
Use the LARGE and SMALL knobs to select and change the waypoint identifier for the first waypoint. When the desired waypoint shows on the first line of the display, press the ENT key. The arrow cursor moves to the second line for insertion of waypoint number 02. Repeat the process you used to insert the origin waypoint into the route.
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Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
When you scroll up to show two waypoints, the route screen shows the bearing and distance between them.
When you finish inserting waypoints into the route, select “DONE” and pressthe ENT keyto complete routeediting. Remember, you can always change, add, or delete route waypoints later.
When you finish with the first route, you can immediately create another. The screen shows route 02, empty and ready for insertion of waypoints. To create a new route, select “EDIT” and proceed as with creation of route 01.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip
Changing
a Route
Waypoint
You can change any waypoint along a route. Select the route to change from the route screen. If you have several routes created, press the ENT key while “NXT RTE” is highlighted to page through the routes. When the correct route shows on the display, select “EDIT” as if creating a route.
Turn the LARGE knob to select a waypoint to change. When the cursor arrow points to the desired waypoint, select “CHG” to change it.
Change the waypoint as desired. Repeat for other waypoints to change.
Eachtimeachangeis made, “DONE” ishighlighted.When waypoints are changed as desired, press the ENT key to complete route editing.
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Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Adding a
Route
Waypoint
You can add waypoints to any route. Add waypoints to a routebyinsertingthemintotherouteattheproperlocation.
Selecttheroutefrom the routescreenthatyou wanttoinsert waypoints. Then, select “EDIT” as if creating a route.
Turn the LARGE knob to move the cursor arrow to the waypoint where you wish to insert the new waypoint.
Select “INS” to insert the waypoint into the route.
Each time a change is made, “INS” is highlighted to allow insertion of another waypoint.
When all desired waypoints are inserted into the route, move highlight to “DONE” and press the ENT key to complete route editing.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip
Deleting
Route
Waypoints
To delete waypoints from a route, scroll through the route screen pages to select the route that you wish to delete waypoints. Then, select “EDIT” as if creating a route.
Use the LARGE knob to move the marker arrow to the waypoint you wish to delete. Select “DEL” to delete the waypoint from the route and press the ENT key.
Note
The screen below showsdeletionof a waypoint withthe 3-leg route screen selected.
When desired waypoints are deleted from the route, select “DONE” and pressthe ENT keyto complete routeediting.
Note
Deleting waypoints from routes will not remove them from the waypoint database.
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Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Starting a
Route
When you are ready to navigate a route, it must be started. Only one route can be started, or active at any time.
Select the route you wish to start from the route menu. Select “START” to start the route.
Only one route can be “started” or active at any time. You can navigate the route in either direction, depending on your present position. If your present position is at the last waypoint in the route, you could use this last waypoint as the point of origin by selecting “REVERSE.”
After a route is started (route “ON”), you can view other routesoreditthem.Fromanyroutescreen,youcanquickly return to the active route by pressing and holding the ENT key.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Navigating a Trip
Stopping
or
Holding a
Route
While flying a route, you may wish to deviate temporarily from your intended flight plan. You may then want to resume travel on this route. You can “hold” the route to do this. A route on “hold” can be resumed later from the current leg. “Holding” a route leaves the route active, but stops leg sequencing while you deviate from the planned course of travel.
In other cases, you may wish to abandon an active route to navigate a different route or to travel to waypoints not in theroute. Press the GOTO key, dial in anewwaypoint,and press the ENT key. If the new waypoint is not in the active route, the route will be stopped. If you wish just to stop the route, use the “Stop” option.
Stop or hold the active route by selecting it from the route menu.Pressandhold the ENTkeytoselectthe active route.
Select “STOP” or “HOLD” the route. You can also select “QUIT” to avoid any action and return to the active route screen.
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Navigating a Trip Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Resuming
a Route
Route
“Direct
To”
Select “RESUME” to resume a route on hold.
While navigating a route, you may wish to bypass one or more waypoints and proceed directly to a destination waypoint. The route “Direct To” feature allows you to do this.
Select the active route from the route menu. Then, select “EDIT” as if creating or modifying a route.
Turn the LARGE knob to move the marker arrow to the waypoint to which you wish to navigate. Then, press the GOTO/NRST key. Press the ENT key to enter the waypoint as the destination.
The route screen shows “direct” status to the waypoint.
You can now navigate directly to the desired destination waypoint, bypassing previous waypoints in the route.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options
Section 5 Menu Function Options
This section details options available when you use the menu function. Use this function to access a menu of options that modify the way navigation information is displayed. The menu options allow you to customize the Apollo 360 to best suit your navigation requirements. The menu function also controls many other important ways the unit operates. A list of menu option default settings (those in effect when the unit is first switched on) for each option is included at the back of this section. Option settings are stored in memory and remain in effect until you change them.
Note
Navigation is not interrupted while you use other features.
The menu function makes these options available:
Return to Nav Returns the unit from th e menu function to the navigation function
Operation Mode Enables the built-innavigation simulator or changes the map datum
Time and Place Contains seed position and current time settings
Screen Controls Contains control settings for display backlight and contrast as well as 1-Leg/3-Leg route display selection
Map Setups Contains control settings for information shown on moving map screens (navigation function)
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Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Declutter Maps Limits items shown on the moving map screens and in the nearest waypoints list
Track Point History Controls navigation “track point” storage in memory and whether points show on moving map screens (navigation function)
Arrival Alerts Controls alert message at waypoint arrival
Airspace Alerts Controls airspace penetration alert message
CDI Scale Containscontrolsettingsforcoursedeviationindication and alert message
Magnetic Var Contains control settings for magnetic variation in course headings
Countdown Time Controls built-in countdown timer
Display Units Contains control settings for navigation units of measure
Serial Outputs Controls the two serial ports for interface with external devices
User Wpt Mgmt Controls editing or deletion of waypoints you have entered in the Apollo 360’s memory
System Info 1 Enables viewing of unit serial number and current hardware and software version information
System Info 2 Shows current database and operating system versions
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Take a moment to becomefamiliar with each menu option. Use the information in this section to explore each option and understand how it affects the operation of the Apollo
360. This section can also serve as a reference for later use to refresh your memory about options you may use infrequently.
The
Main
Menu
Changing
Menu
Option
Settings
Return to
Nav
The main menu contains all menu function options. You cancall up the main menu anytime to usetheoptions.Press the MENU key. When the main menu shows on the display, select the desired option by turning the LARGE knob to move the arrow cursor up or down the list of options. With the desired option selected, press the ENT key to activate it.
Changing settings on any menu option screen is done in the same way. Use the LARGE knob to move the highlight on the screen to the option item you wish to change. Then use the SMALL knob to change the setting.
Use this option to leave the menu function and return to the screen shown on the display before you pressed the MENU key. This option is typically used when you are ready to continue navigating after using other menu options to make changes.
Note
“RETURN TO NAV” is automatically selected when you call the main menu. If you accidentally select the wrong menu option or if you decide to abandon making changes, you can easily leave the menu function by
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Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
pressing the MENU key to again call the main menu. With “RETURN TO NAV” selected, press the ENT key to leave the menu function, or turn the LARGE knob to select a different option.
Operation
Mode
This option sets the Apollo 360operationmodeand selects the map datum the unit uses while you navigate.
Select either the “aviation” or “simulator”operationmode. Select “simulator” only when you wish to use the built-in simulator to practice navigating with the unit. With the aviation mode selected, you can change the map datum
Important
Verify that you havethe correct map datum selectedfor the area where you navigate. Datum WGS 1984 is automatically selected and is the most current for navigation in the United States. If you navigate using a chart based on a different datum, make sure you change the datum to match the chart. Alist of available map datums appears in Appendix B.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options
Using the simulator mode,you can select theground speed you “fly” the Apollo 360. Ground speed units of measure are changeable using the “Display Units” option discussed later in this section. All operating functions are available while you use the simulator. After simulator use, the unit returns automatically to the “aviation” operation mode the next time you switch on the power.
Time
and Place
Screen
Controls
Use this option to enter your present position and set UTC and local times as Section 3 describes. It is necessary to enter the time and place the first time the Apollo 360 is switched on. It is also necessary to enter this information if the unit is switched off and moved a distance of several hundred miles or more. Time and place information you enter is stored in memory and need not be entered again.
Thisoptioncontrols operation of the display backlight,and allows you to adjust display contrast. Turn the SMALL knobtoselectbacklightOff,Lo,MLo,MHi, or Hi intensity levels. This option also allows selection of either 1-Leg or 3-Leg Route Display screens.
Note
You can also control the display backlight using the backlightkey at the lowerrightof the front panel. Press this key repeatedly to switch the backlight intensity through the levels described above.
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Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Turn the LARGE knob to select “CONTRAST.” Adjust display contrast by turning the SMALL knob.
Adjustthe contrast to suit your preferenceandviewingangle. As you makeadjustments, the horizontal bar at the bottom of the display shows the current contrast level. “-” indicates lowercontrast,while “+”indicateshighercontrast.A contrast settingnearthemiddleofthebarissatisfactoryinmostcases. The contrast setting you select is stored in memory and remains in effect until you change it.
Turn the LARGE knob highlight route diplay and the SMALL knob to select between 1-Leg and 3-Leg Route Display screens. The 1-Leg display uses large letters for easier viewing. The 3-Leg display provides more information on a single screen.
Map
Setups
This option controls what and how information shows on the moving map screens. Select whether or not the Apollo 360 should show a route path or airspaces in the vicinity.
With route path “ON,” a line representing your intended flight path shows on the moving map screens to aid you in navigating to your destination. Zooming in on the moving map screens, you can clearly see deviation from your course.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options
When airspaces are “ON,” airspace boundaries show on the moving map screens.
“ORIENT UP” allows you to select orientation of the moving maps, with the top of the screen representing current track, desired track, or true north.
Declutter
Maps
This option controls the waypoints that show on the moving map screens and are used for nearest waypoint search. Types of waypoints you set to “ON” are displayed while those set to “OFF,” are not visible on the moving map screens. You can choose whether or not to show the following types of waypoints:
Airports (ARPTS) Very High Frequency Omnirange (VORS) Non-Directional Beacon (NDBS) Intersections (INTS) User Created (USERS)
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Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
The “IDENTS ONMAPS” feature controlswhether or not waypoint identifiers show on the moving map screens. With “NO” selected, small symbols represent locations of waypoints. Only the current To waypoint, and possibly route waypoints (see Map Setups) show on the moving map screens.
Note
The destination waypoint identifier always shows on the moving map screens, regardless of this setting.
Track
Point
History
This option allows you to store a record of navigation progress in memory. The stored record consists of a series of track points, each containing your position at the time the point was stored. You can choose whether or not to store track points, howoften to store them,and manage the storage process using this option.
Each stored track point consumes space in memory. You can store up to 2,000 track points.
When track history is “ON,” points are stored in memory. Your track history displays on the moving map screens as aseriesofdotsshowingyourflightpath.Eachdotindicates astoredpoint.Whentrackhistoryis“OFF,”no track points are stored or shown on the moving map screens.
You can select the track point storage strategy. Select “FOREVER” to continuously store points, starting again and writing over existing points when memory becomes full, or select “UNTIL FULL” to stop storing points when memory becomes full.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options
You can also control the storage interval for track points. Saving points by “DISTANCE” allows you to select a distance interval to determine when each track point is stored. Similarly, saving points by “TIME” allows you to selecttheminutesandsecondsinterval for eachtrackpoint.
“USED” shows you the percentage of memory space used for track point storage. If you wish to empty the memory of track points, select “CLEAR?” and choose “YES.”
Arrival
Alerts
This option controls whether or not and when the Apollo 360 should alert you of arrival at a destination.
If you choose “YES” for the alertmessage, the arrival alert will show on the display to advise you of arrival at a destination waypoint.
You can choose the radius distance around the destination waypoint where the Apollo 360 alerts you. This distance can be shown in the unit of measure you choose using the “DISPLAY UNITS” setting described laterin this section.
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Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Airspace
Alerts
Use this option to control whether or not and when the unit should alert you when approaching Class B, C, or special use airspaces.
If you choose “YES” for the alert message, the airspace alert will show on the display advisingyou of approaching airspace penetration within the distance or time you select.
Thedistancebuffer is the distance from the airspace border where you will be alerted. This distance can be shown in the unit of measure you choose using the “DISPLAY UNITS” setting described later in this section. The time buffer contains the travel time (based upon current track and speed) from the airspace border where you will be alerted.
CDI Scale This option controls operation of the course deviation alert
and allows you to set the CDI scale units to your preference.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options
If you choose “YES” for the alert message, the course deviation alert will show on the displayadvising you when course deviation exceeds CDI scale maximum value left or right.
You can also select the CDI scale maximum course deviation left or right. This distance can be shown in the unit of measure you choose using the “DISPLAY UNITS” setting described late in this section.
Magnetic
Variation
This option allows you to override automatic magnetic variation and manually enter a variation value. A manual setting is normally not required for navigation anywhere in the world except near the poles, where magnetic variation is the greatest.
If manual entry of magnetic variation is necessary, obtain the correct value from a reliable chart or other source. Select “MANUAL” and enter the variation value east or west.
To disable magnetic variation, select “TRUE.” All course headings will show referenced to true north.
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Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Note
The Apollo 360 automatically sets magnetic variation to 0 degrees when you fly above 70 degrees north or south latitude. It is not necessary to disable automatic magnetic variation as you travel north or south to high latitude regions.
Count-
down
Time
The Apollo 360 includes a countdown timer. Use this option to count elapsed time from as long as 60 minutes.
Enter a “TOTAL TIME” of up to 60 minutes (60:00). You can select a total time at:
1 second intervals from 1 to 10 seconds 5 second intervals from 10 to 60 seconds 10 second intervals from 1 minute to 10 minutes 30 second intervals from 10 minutes to 60 minutes
Select “ST ART ” and press the ENT key to begin countdown from the total time shown. As the countdown progresses, the screen shows “COUNTING” during the time you can stop the countdown, and continue it later.
Select “EXIT” to return to the main menu.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options
Note
The countdown timer can run “in the background” while you navigate and will not interfere with unit operation.
An alert messa ge shows on the dis play when the countdown time has expired.
Display
Units
This option controls the way navigation units of measure show on the display. The units ofmeasure you select show consistently throughout all screens in all operating functions.
You can select the following units of measure for each navigation parameter:
Distance - nm/kts; sm/mph; km/kph Altitude- feet; meters Lat/lon - d-m.mmm; d-m-s.s (where d=degrees,
m=minutes, and s=seconds of latitude or longitude) UTMS - Universal Transverse Mercator System
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Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Serial
Outputs
The Apollo 360 is equipped with 2 serial data ports for communication with external serial devices. This option controls the function of each port.
Using this option with appropriate electrical connections, you can:
Connect the Apollo 360 to your personal computer to manage waypoints you create*
Send serial data to an external moving map display in the cockpit**
Send serial data matching the NMEA formats to any serial device in the cockpit capable of accepting it**
Disable the serial data port
*See your II Morrow dealer or contact the factory for information about the optional Apollo 360/PC Interface Kit. Consult kit docum entation for instructions on proper serial port settings.
**Your avionics dealer should install this equipment and select proper serial port settings for you.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options
User
Waypoint
Manage-
ment
This option allows you to manage waypoints you have created (user waypoints). Youcan edit or delete waypoints as your area of travel or other requirements change.
You can edit created waypoints to change the waypoint name or lat/lon coordinates. To edit a waypoint, turn the LARGE knob to move the arrow cursor to the desired waypoint. Turn the SMALL knob to select “EDIT.”
Move the highlight to the desired name character or coordinatedigit to make changes. When you finishmaking changes, press the ENT key to save changes in memory.
Note
It is important to manage user waypoints wisely. With the capacity to store up to 2,000 user waypoints in memory, the Apollo 360 can hold an immense amount of information. When you edit, use intuitive identifiers for waypoints you have created. This will help you find waypoints more easily when you need to navigate to them.
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Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
You can also delete waypoints you no longer need. With the arrow cursor at the waypoint you wish to delete, move thehighlightatthebottomof the screen to“DEL”andpress the ENT key. The waypoint is removed from memory.
Important
Waypoints deleted from memory cannot be recovered.
When you are finished, press the MENU key to return to the main menu.
System
Info 1
System
Info 2
This option shows your Apollo 360 serial number and hardware and software version information.
You will need this information and the information shown ontheSystem Info 2 screen if you contact the factory about the unit. Record the serial number on your owner’s warranty record andkeep the card in a safe placewith your avionic instrumentation records.
This option contains more information about the software and database your Apollo 360 is equipped with. Also provide this information in correspondence with the factory about your unit.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Menu Function Options
Default
Settings
The Apollo 360 is shipped from the factory with menu options set as shown here. Note that where a range exits for a setting, the upper and lower boundaries are shown with the default setting shown as bold.
These menu option settings are stored in memory and remain in effect until you change them.
Option Description Defualt Alert
Operation Mode
Time and Place
Screen Controls
Map Setups Route Path:
Usage: Map Datum:
Lat/Long: Date: Loc: UTC Diff:
Route Disp: Backlight: Contrast:
Airspaces: Orient Up:
Aviation WGS 1984
Enter seed position, current time, and UTC diff. at power up (see Section 2)
1-Leg Hi 0-
50 - 100%
OFF OFF NORTH
N/A N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
TRK
DTK
Declutter Maps
Track Point History
ARPTS: VORS: NDBS: INTS: USERS: Idents On Maps:
Track History: Strategy: Save By: Interval: Used: Clear?
ON ON OFF OFF OFF
YES ON
FOREVER
DIST - TIME
.50 - 10nm
.1 -
0 - 100%
NO
N/A
N/A
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Menu Function Options Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Option Description Default Alert
Arrival Alerts Alert Message:
Distance:
Airspace Alerts
CDI Scale Alert Message:
Magnetic Variation
Countdown Time
Display Units Distance:
Serial Outputs 1:
User Wpt Mgmt
System Info 1 No default
System Info 2 No default
Alert Message: Dist. Buffer: Time Buffer:
CDI Scale: Option:
Setting: Total Time: (User
Altitude: Lat/Lon:
2: No default
settings
settings
settings
YES
1 - 9.9 nm
.1 ­YES
2- 100 nm
0-
10 -20
0­min
NO .1 -
1 - 9.9 nm
AUTOMATIC (Computed)
programmable 1sec.to60min.)
NM/KTS FEET D-M.MMM
NONE PC [R/T]
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
YES
YES
NO
N/A
When
time
expires
N/A
N/A
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The Waypoint Database
Section 6 The Waypoint Database
Database
Structure
Available Waypoint
Information
The Apollo 360 provides an extensive built-in database of waypoint information to aid the navigator.
Waypoints in the database are divided into 5 categories by type. This category structure allows you to more easily select a waypoint as a destination, search for waypoint information, search for nearest waypoints, or display waypoints on moving map screens. The database filters waypoints by these types wheneveryou use it, controlling, organizing, and speeding the delivery of information.
The waypoint types are:
Airports (ARPTs) Non-directional beacons (NDBs) Very high frequency omniranges (VORs) Enroute intersections (INTs) User created (USERs)
The following information is available for each waypoint type. Use the waypoint INFO function to get this information as Section 2 describes in “Waypoint Information Function.”
ARPT Waypoint Information
Bearing and distance from present position
Airport type Airport elevation Fuel availability by type
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The Waypoint Database Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Runway length(s) and surface type Radio communication frequencies (an asterisk at the
frequency indicates part-time availability; “PCL” at the frequency indicates pilot controlled lighting.)
Lat/lon coordinates Navigation beacon light IFR capability (an “R” at the frequency indicates that
Radar service is available on this frequency.) Landing fee
VOR Waypoint Information
Bearing and distance from present position Operating frequency Lat/lon coordinates DME available Class (high/low/terminal) Weather broadcasts
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver The Waypoint Database
NDB Waypoint Information
Bearing and distance from present position Operating frequency Lat/lon coordinates DME available Class (high/low/terminal)
INT Waypoint Information
Country Bearing and distance from present position Bearing from present position Lat/lon coordinates
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The Waypoint Database Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
USER Waypoint Information
Bearing and distance from present position Distance from present position Lat/lon coordinates
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Glossary of Navigation Terms
Appendix A Glossary of Navigation Terms
A Altitude (GPS ALT): Altitude, as calculated by the
Apollo 360, based upon a mathematical model of the earth’ssurfacecurvature.Asubstantialdifferencebetween this altitude value and altitude referenced to sea level may exist.
Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS):
Recorded information about weather and other conditions atanairport,periodicallyupdatedwhenconditions change.
Azimuth: Bearing, as measured clockwise from true or magnetic north.
B Bearing (BRG): The direction to any point, usually
measured in degrees relative to true or magnetic north.
C Constellation: A group of stars or objects, such as GPS
satellites, in the heavens.
Coordinates: Values for latitude and longitude that describe a geographical point on the surface of the earth.
Course: The planned direction of travel in a horizontal plane.
CourseDeviation:Ameasurementofdistanceleftorright from the desired course of travel.
Course Deviation Indicator (CDI): A graphic indicator of course deviation typically shown as a graduated horizontal bar with an icon indicating the deviation distance left or right of course.
Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF)
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Glossary of Navigation Terms Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
D Database: A collection of data structured in such a way as
to allow quick and convenient access to any particular record or records. The Apollo 360 contains a built-in database of waypoints and waypoint information. Users may add waypoints to this database.
Degree: 1/360th of a circle.
Desired Track (DTK): The desired course of navigation
between a point of origin and a destination waypoint.
Distance: A measure of interval in space. Also referred to as range.
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
Drift: Displacement from the intended course of travel.
E Elevation: The altitude above ground.
Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)
Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)
F Fix: A geographical location determined by either visual
reference or by electronic navigation aids.
G Global Positioning System (GPS): Also known as
NAVSTAR. A constellation of satellites launched by the U.S. Department of Defense into six orbit lanes (four satellites per plane) at an altitude of 10,898 nm above the earth.
Ground (GRND): Ground communication frequency
Ground Speed (GS): Speed of travel across the ground.
In aviation, the relation between ground speed and air speed is affected by the prevailing winds.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Glossary of Navigation Terms
I Icon: A symbol shown on the display depicting present
position. The icon is shown as a symbol of an airplane on the Apollo 360’s moving map screens.
Identifier: A name, typically abbreviated, assigned to a waypoint.The identifier may consistof numbers and alpha characters, up to six in length. For example, the airport identifier for Los Angeles International Airport is LAX.
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)
Intersection (INT): A point defined by any combination
of courses, radials, or bearingsof two or morenavigational aids.
K Knot (kt): A unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per
hour.
L Latitude (lat): Any line circling the earth parallel to the
equator, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds north and south of the equator.
Longitude(lon):Any line from the north to the south pole, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds of acircle, east or west of the Prime Meridian (Greenwich, England).
M Magnetic North: The region, some distance from the
geographic north pole where the earth’s magnetic lines concentrate. A magnetic compass points to the magnetic north.
Magnetic Variation (Mag Var): The angle between the magnetic and true north. At various points on the earth it is different due to local magnetic disturbances. It is shown on charts as isogonic lines marked with degrees of variation, either east or west. These degrees must be added to or subtracted from the true course to get the magnetic course. (Easterly variations are deducted, and westerly variations are added.) The Apollo 360 automatically sets
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Glossary of Navigation Terms Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
magnetic variation to 0 degrees at positions above 70 degrees north or south latitude.
Map Datum: A mathematical model of the earth used for the purpose of creating navigation charts and maps. The Apollo 360 contains the set of datums listed in Appendix B.
Meter(m): A metric distance measurement equalto 39.37 inches.
Minute: 1/60th of a degree.
N Nautical Mile (nm): A distance measurement equal to
6,076 feet, or 1.15 statute mile. One nautical mile is also equal to one minute of latitude.
Non-directional Beacon (NDB): Alow frequency/medium frequency navigation aid sending non-directional signals that can be used for navigation.
P Position Dilution ofPrecision(PDOP): A merit valuefor
the calculated position based on the geometrical configuration of the satellites used; 3 is considered good, greater than 7 is considered poor.
R Radial: Any of the 360 magnetic courses from a VOR or
similar navigational aid, beginning at the navigational aid and proceeding outward in a straight line.
Range (RNG): The distance from the present position to a destination waypoint.
S Second: 1/60th of a minute of a degree.
Seed Position: A latitude and longitude position fix
approximately equal to the current position that the Apollo 360 uses to determine the location of available satellites from which signals may be received.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Glossary of Navigation Terms
Selective Availability (SA): The degradation of accuracy of GPS position fix data by the United States Department of Defense for civilian use.
Statute Mile: A distance measurement equal to 5,280 feet or 0.87 of a nautical mile.
T Three-dimensional (3D) Position Fix: A position fix
defined by latitude, longitude, and altitude.
Track (TRK): The imaginary line that the flight path of an airplane makes over the earth.
True North: Geographic north, at the earth’s north pole.
Tower (TWR): Airport tower communication frequency
U UNICOM: The radio frequenciesassignedtoaeronautical
advisory stations for communication with aircraft. Unicoms may provide such airport information as active runway, wind direction and velocity and other conditions of importance to pilots.
Universal Coordinated Time (UTC): Greenwich Mean Time, or the time at the Prime Meridian in Greenwich, England. Also referred to as Zulu time.
UTC Differential: The difference in time between that at the present position and UTC.
V Very High Frequency Omnirange (VOR): A
navigational aid that transmits signals such that a receiver can indicate its current radial or bearing from the transmitter.
W Waypoint:A navigational fix used in area navigation and
defined by latitude and longitude coordinates.
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Glossary of Navigation Terms Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Notes
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Map Datums
Appendix B Map Datums
This appendix shows a list of the GPS map datums used with the Apollo 360. Each map datum represents a mathematical model of the earth used for the purpose of establishingprecisioninchartingvariousareas of theearth. Sinceeachdatumreliesonadifferentmathematicalmodel, inconsistencies exist in defining the location of charted points between datums. For this reason, it is important to verify that you have selected the correct map datum for the area where you navigate and the chart you use.
Note
WGS-1984 is the default datum until you change it.
Datum Name Ellipsoid (Model)
ARC 1950 Clarke 1880 ARC 1960 Clarke 1880 Australian Geodetic 1966 Australian National Australian Geodetic 1984 Australian National Bogota Observatory International Campo Inchauspe International Cape Clarke 1880 Carthage Clarke 1880 Chatham 1971 International Chua Astro International Corrego-Allegre International European 1950 West Europe International European 1950 Cyprus International European 1950 Egypt International European 1950 Iran International
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Map Datums Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Datum Name Ellipsoid (Model)
European 1950 Sicily International European 1979 International Gandajika Base International Geodetic Datum 1949 International Hjorsey 1955 International Indian (Thailand/Vietnam) Everest Indian (Bangladesh/India/Nepal) Everest Ireland 1965 Airy Modified Kertau 1948 Everest Modified Liberia 1964 Clarke 1880 Luzon Clarke 1866 Massawa Bessel 1841 Merchich Clarke 1880 Minna Clarke 1880 Nahrwan Clarke 1880 North American 1927 Conus Clarke 1866 North American 1927 Alaska Clarke 1866 North American 1927 Canada Clarke 1866 North American 1927 Cntrl. Amer. Clarke 1866 North American 1963 GRS-80 Old Egyptian Helmert 1906 Old Hawaiian Clarke 1866 Oman Clarke 1880 Ordered Survey Great Britain 1936 Airy Pitcairn Astro 1967 International Quatar National International Qurmoq International Schwarzeck Bessel 1841 South America 1969 S. America 1969 Timbalai Everest Tokyo Bessel 1841
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Map Datums
Datum Name Ellipsoid (Model)
Zanderij International WGS-1972 WGS-72 WGS-1984 WGS-84
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Map Datums Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Map Datums
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Map Datums Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Map Datums
Notes
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial
Appendix C Tutorial
This appendix presents a tutorial on using the built-in simulator to practice “flying” the Apollo 360. Use this tutorial at your own paceto become familiar with usingthe unit.
During the tutorial, you will use many of the Apollo 360’s features as you would during an actual trip. All operating functions are available while you use the simulator. Each will work the same way when you actually navigate later.
With the aircraft parked, take some time to settle into the cockpit and follow the instructions in this appendix to take a trip. As you navigate with the simulator, feel free to experiment with the features as much as you like. The instructions here should serve only as a general guide. The goal of this tutorial is to help you become comfortable using the Apollo 360.
Important
Enter a seed position, and the current time and date as Section 2 describes before using the simulator.
When you finish using the simulator, switch the unit off. The next time you switch it on, simulator mode will be automatically canceled and the unit will be set to aviation mode for actual navigation.
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Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
Starting
the
Simulator
How to Do This
1. Turn the power knob to switch on the Apollo 360.
2. Press the MENU key tocall themainmenu.
3. Turn the LARGE knob clockwise one detent to select the “Operation Mode” option.
4. Press the ENT key to select the option.
5. Turn the SMALL knob clockwise one detent to select Simulator mode.
6. Set your Ground Speed.
7. A message warns you against navigating while using the Flight Simulator.Press ENT to continue.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial
Preparing
for the
Trip
Before you navigate a trip, determine whether you will fly direct to a waypoint, or navigate a route of several waypoints. This tutorial presents instructions to set up either kind of trip. It may be helpful to first navigate direct to a destination before setting up a route to travel.
Originating
the Trip
The Apollo 360’s simulator uses your present position as the point of origin for the trip unless you havealready used the unit to navigate a route. If this is the case, refer to the tutorial section entitled “Navigating a Route” later in this section, or deactivate your route and continue. These exercises assume your present position is the point of origin for the trip.
Assigning
aDirect
Waypoint
1. Press the GOTO key.
How to Do This
Note:
Prepare to choose a waypoint close to your present position to keep the trip length under approximately 40 nm.
2. Turn the SMALL knob to select the first character of the destination waypoint name.
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Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
3. Turn the LARGE knob to move the highlight to the next character of your destination waypoint name.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to select the last character of the destination waypoint name.
5. Press the ENT key to assign the waypoint as the destination.
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Apollo 360 GPS Receiver Tutorial
Navigating
the Trip
Turn the LARGE knob to scroll through the navigation screens. Notice the GPS signal screen.No received signals are shown while you use the simulator.
Notice the present position screen. Your track shows directly on course with no deviation from the bearing to the destination. The lat/lon coordinates change to reflect your present position to the nearest hundredth of a minute.
Note
GPS altitude is invalid while you use the simulator. No GPS altitude value shows on the display.
Continue to turn the LARGE knob to check the other navigation screens. The bearing/ETA/track screen shows your the bearing and desired track to the destination. UTC time is invalid while youuse the simulator. For thisreason, no ETA shows on the display.
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Tutorial Apollo 360 GPS Receiver
The bearing/range/ground speed screen shows your selected ground speed and estimated time enroute on the trip.
Check the moving map screens to view your navigation progress.
Looking
Around
Turn the SMALL knob to zoom in and out and see waypoints around you. The map scale shows in the lower left corner of the display and indicates the represented distance between the airplane symbol and the top of the display. For example, if you are 20 nm from your destination and the map scale is set to 20 nm, you should be able to see the destination on the display. If, at the same map scale setting, your destination was 30 nm distant, you would not be able to see it on the display unless you selected a larger map scale.
Change the map scale to “AUTO” to enable the auto zoom feature. Auto zoom shows your destination on the screen and keeps it in view as you navigate your course. The map scale changes automatically to a smaller scale as you approach the destination.
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