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C4B 4.51
User Manual
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IBM C1C 1.12, C4C 4.51, C1B 1.12, C4B 4.51, SSA User Manual

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OEM FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION
ULTRASTAR XP (DFHC) S S A MODELS
1.12/2.25 GB - 1.0" HIGH
4.51 GB - 1.6" HIGH
3. 5 FORM FACTOR DISK DRIVE VERSION 5.0
August 15, 1995
Publication number 3304
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Preface
This document details the product hardware specification for the Ultrastar XP SSA family of Direct Access Storage Devices. The capacity model offerings are 1.12, 2.25, and 4.51 GBytes (see 2.1.1, “Capacity Equations” o n page 13 for exact capacities based on model and block size). The form factor offerings ar e 'Brick On Sled' carrier a n d 3.5-inch small form factor (refer to 4.1.1, “Weight and Dimensions” on page 51 for exact dimensions).
This document, in conjunction with the Ultrastar XP (DFHC) SS A Models Interface Specification, make up the Functional Specification for t h e Ultrastar X P SSA (DFHC) product.
The product description a nd other data found in this document represent IBM's design objectives an d is provided for information and comparative purposes. Actual results may vary based on a variety of factors and the information herein is subject to change. T H IS PRODUCT DATA DOES NO T CONSTITUTE A WARRANTY, EXPRESS O R IMPLIED. Questions regarding IBM's warranty terms or the methodology used t o derive the data should be referred to your IB M customer representative.
Note: Not all mod els described in this document are in plan. Contact your IB M customer representative for actual product plans.
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Contents
1.0 Description .................................................... 9
1.1 Features ...................................................... 9
1.1.1 General Features .............................................. 9
1.1.2 Performance Summary .......................................... 9
1.1.3 Interface Controller Features ....................................... 9
1.1.4 Reliability Fea tu r es ...........................................
1.2 Models
..................................................... 10
2.0 Specifications .................................................. 11
2.1 General ..................................................... 11
2.1.1 Capacity Equations ........................................... 13
2.2 Power Requirements by Model ....................................... 15
2.2.1 C1x Models ................................................ 15
2.2.2 C2x Models ................................................ 21
2.2.3 C4x Models ................................................ 27
2.2.4 CxB Models ............................................... 33
2.2.5 Power Supply Ripple .......................................... 34
2.2.6 Grounding Requirements of the Disk Enclosure ........................... 34
2.2.7 Hot plug/unplug support ........................................ 34
2.2.8 Bring-up Sequence (and Stop) Times ................................. 36
10
3.0 Performance .................................................. 39
3.1 Environment Definition ........................................... 39
3.2 Workload Definition ............................................. 39
3.2.1 Sequential ................................................. 40
3.2.2 Random .................................................. 40
3.3 Command Execution Time ......................................... 40
3.3.1 Basic Component Descriptions ..................................... 40
3.3.2 Comments ................................................ 42
3.4 Approximating Performance for Different Environments ......................... 43
3.4.1 For Different Transfer Sizes ....................................... 44
3.4.2 When Read Caching is Enabled .................................... 44
3.4.3 When Write Caching is Enabled .................................... 44
3.4.4 When Adaptive Caching is Enabled .................................. 44
3.4.5 When Read-ahead is Enabled ...................................... 44
3.4.6 When N o Seek is Required ....................................... 45
3.4.7 For Queued Com mands ......................................... 45
3.4.8 Out of Order Transfers ......................................... 45
3.5 Skew ...................................................... 46
3.5.1 Cylinder to Cylinder Skew ....................................... 46
3.5.2 Track to Track Skew .......................................... 46
3.6 Idle Time Functions ............................................. 47
3.6.1 Servo R un Out Measurements ..................................... 48
3.6.2 Servo Bias Measurements ........................................ 48
3.6.3 Predictive Failure Analysis ....................................... 48
3.6.4 Channel Calibration ........................................... 48
3.6.5 Save Logs and Pointers ......................................... 49
3.6.6 Disk Sweep ................................................ 49
3.6.7 Summary ................................................. 49
3.7 Command Timeout Limits .......................................... 49
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4.0 Mechanical ................................................... 51
4.1 Small Form Factor Models (CxC) ..................................... 51
4.1.1 Weight and Dimensions ......................................... 51
4.1.2 Clearances ................................................. 51
4.1.3 Mounting ................................................. 51
4.1.4 Unitized Connector Locations ..................................... 55
4.2 Carrier Models (CxB) ............................................. 57
4.2.1 Weight and Dimensions ......................................... 57
4.2.2 Clearances ................................................. 57
4.2.3 Mounting ................................................. 57
4.2.4 Auto-docking Assembly Side Rails .................................. 60
4.2.5 Electrical Connector and Indicator Locations ............................ 62
5.0 Electrical Interface .............................................. 63
5.1 SSA Unitized Connector ........................................... 63
5.2 Carrier Connector ............................................... 64
5.3 SSA Link Cable ................................................ 66
5.4 SSA Link Electrical Characteristics ..................................... 66
5.5 Option Pins and Indicators .......................................... 66
5.5.1 - Manufacturing Test Mode (Option Port Pin 1) .......................... 66
5.5.2 - Auto Start P i n (Option Port Pin 2) ................................. 66
5.5.3 - Sync Pi n (Option Port Pin 3) ..................................... 66
5.5.4 - Write Protect (Option Port Pin 4) .................................. 67
5.5.5 - Ground long (Option Port Pin 5) .................................. 67
5.5.6 - Device Activity Pin/Indicator (Option Port Pin 6) ......................... 67
5.5.7 + 5V (Option Port Pin 7) ....................................... 67
5.5.8 - Device Fault Pin/Indicator (Option Port Pin 8) .......................... 67
5.5.9 Programmable pin 1 (Option Port Pin 9) ............................... 68
5.5.10 Programmable pin 2 (Option Port Pin 10) ............................. 68
5.5.11 - Early Power Off Warning or Power Fail (Power Port Pin 11) ................. 68
5.5.12 12V Charge and 5V Charge (Power Port pin 1 and 2) ....................... 68
5.6 Front Jumper Connector ........................................... 68
5.7 Spindle Synchronization ........................................... 69
5.7.1 Synchronization overview ........................................ 69
5.7.2 Synchronization Mode ......................................... 69
5.7.3 Synchronization time .......................................... 69
5.7.4 Synchronization with Offset ...................................... 69
5.7.5 Synchronization Route ......................................... 69
6.0 Reliability .................................................... 73
6.1 Error Detection ................................................ 73
6.2 Data Reliability ................................................ 73
6.3 Seek Error Rate ................................................ 73
6.4 Power On Hours Examples: ........................................ 73
6.5 Power on/off cycles .............................................. 74
6.6 Useful Life ................................................... 74
6.7 *Mean Time Between Failure (*MTBF) .................................. 75
6.7.1 Sample Failure Rate Projections .................................... 75
6.8 SPQL (Shipped product quality level) ................................... 75
6.9 Install Defect Free ............................................... 75
6.10 Periodic Maintenance ............................................ 76
6.11 ES D Protection ............................................... 76
6.12 Connector Insertion Cycles ......................................... 76
7.0 Operating Limits ............................................... 77
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7.1 Environmental ................................................. 77
7.1.1 Temperature Measurement Points ................................... 77
7.2 Vibration and Shock ............................................. 79
7.2.1 Drive Mounting Guidelines ....................................... 80
7.2.2 Output Vibration Limits ........................................ 80
7.2.3 Operating Vibration ........................................... 80
7.2.4 Operating Shock ............................................. 82
7.2.5 Nonoperating Shock ........................................... 82
7.3 Contaminants ................................................. 82
7.4 Acoustic Levels ................................................ 83
8.0 Standards .................................................... 85
8.1 Safety ...................................................... 85
8.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ................................... 85
Bibliography ..................................................... 87
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1.0 Description
1.1 Features
1.1.1 General Features
1.12/2.25/4.51 gigabytes formatted capacity (512 bytes/sector) Serial Storage Architecture (SSA) attachment (dual port) Brick On Sled carrier and 3.5" small form factor mod els Rotary voice coil motor actuator Closed-loop digital actuator servo (embedded sector servo) Magnetoresistive (MR) heads (0,8,6,infinity) 8/ 9 rate encoding Partial Response Maximum Likelihood (PRML) data channel with digital filter All mounting orientations supported Jumperable au to spindle motor start Jumperable write protection Spindle synchronization Two LED drivers Bezel (optional)
1.1.2 Performance Summary
Average read seek time (1.12 GB): 6.9 milliseconds Average read seek time (2.25 GB): 7.5 milliseconds Average read seek time (4.51GB): 8.0 milliseconds Average Latency: 4.17 milliseconds Split read/write control Media data transfer rate: 9.59 to 12.58 MegaBytes/second (10 bands) SSA data transfer rate: 20 Megabytes/second
1.1.3 Interface Controller Features
Multiple initiator support Supports blocksizes from 256 to 5952 bytes 512K byte, multi-segmented, dual port data buffer Read-ahead caching Adaptive caching algorithms Write Cache supported (write back & write thru) Tagged command queuing Command reordering Back-to-back writes (merged writes) Split reads and writes Nearly co ntig uou s read/write Link error recovery procedure exit Disable registration Duplicate tags Two byt e ULP message codes SCSI response Move data transfer messages Multiple ULP's Automatic retry and d at a correction on read errors
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Automatic sector reallocation In-line alternate sector assignment for high-performance Improved technique for down-loadable SSA firmware
1.1.4 Reliability Features
Self-diagnostics on power up Dedicated head landing zone Automatic actuator latch Embedded Sector Servo for improving on-track positioning capability Buffer memory parity Longitudinal Redundancy Check (LRC) on Customer Data ECC on the fly Error logging and analysis Data Recovery Procedures (DRP) Predictive Failure Analysis (PFA &tm) No preventative maintenance required Tw o Field Replaceable Units (FRU's): Electronics Card and Head Disk Assembly (HDA) Probability of n ot recovering data: 10 in 1015bits read
1.2 Models
The Ultrastar XP SSA disk drive is available in various models as shown below.
The Ultrastar XP SSA d at a storage capacities vary as a function of model and user block size. The emerging industry trend is capacity poi nt s in multiples of 1.08GB (i.e. 1.08/2.16/4.32) at a block size of 512 bytes. Future IB M products will plan to provide capacities that are consistent with this trend. Users that choose t o make full use of the Ultrastar XP SSA drive capacity above the standard capacity points may n ot find equivalent capacity breakpoints in future products.
Model # Capacity GB (@512 Byte) Form Factor Connector Type
C1B 1.12 Brick O n Sled Carrier 128-pin HPC C1C 1.12 3.5-inch Small FF 38-pin Unitized C2B 2.25 Brick O n Sled carrier 128-pin HPC C2C 2.25 3.5-inch Small FF 38-pin Unitized C4B 4.51 Brick O n Sled carrier 128-pin HPC C4C 4.51 3.5-inch Small FF 38-pin Unitized
Note: CxB models (C1B, C2B, and C4B) include a DC/DC converter, activity a nd check indicators. Note: Please refer to section 2.1.1, “Capacity Equations” on page 13 fo r exact capacities based on user block size.
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2.0 Specifications
All specifications are nominal values unless otherwise noted.
The Ultrastar XP SSA data storage capacities vary as a function of model and user block size. The emerging Industry trend is capacity points in 1.08GB (i.e. 1.08/2.16/4.32) at a block size of 512 bytes. This and future products will always p l a n to provide capacities that are consistent with this trend. Users that choose t o make full use of the Ultrastar XP SSA drive capacity above the standard capacity poi n ts m a y n o t find equivalent capacity breakpoints in future products.
2.1 General
Note: Th e recording band located nearest t he disk outer diameter (OD ) is referred to as 'Notch #1'. While the recording band located nearest the inner diameter (ID) is called 'Notch #10'. 'Average' values are weighted with respect to th e number of LBAs per notch when the drive is formatted with 512 byte blocks.
Data transfer rates
Notch #1 Notch #10 Average
Buffer to/from media 12.58 9.59 12.07 MB/s (instantaneous) Host to/from buffer up to 20.0 MB/s (synchronous) (sustained)
Data Buffer Size (bytes) 512 K (See 3.0, “Performance” on page 39 for user data capacity.)
Rotational speed (RPM) 7202.7
Average latency (milliseconds) 4.17
Track Density (TPI) 4352
Minimum Maximum
Recording density (BPI) 96,567 124,970 Areal density (Megabits/square inch) 420.3 543.9
(model numbers - > ) C4x C2x C1x Disks 842 User Data Heads (trk/cyl) 16 8 4 Seek times (in milliseconds)
Single cylinder (Read) 0.5 0.5 0.5
(Write) 2.0 2.0 2.0
Average (weighted) (Read) 8.0 7.5 6.9
(Write) 9.5 9.0 8.5
Full stroke (Read) 16.5 15.0 14.0
(Write) 18.0 16.5 15.5
Note: Times are typical for a drive population under nominal voltages
and casting temperature of 25˚C. Weighted seeks a r e seeks to the cylin­ders of random logical block addresses (LBAs).
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Total Cylinders (tcyl) All models C4x Models C2x Models C1x Models & User Cylinders (ucyl) tcyl ucyl ucyl ucyl
Notch # 1 1893 1879 1877 1872 Notch # 2 956 955 955 955 Notch # 3 49 48 48 48 Notch # 4 310 309 309 309 Notch # 5 349 348 348 348 Notch # 6 116 115 115 115 Notch # 7 214 213 213 213 Notch # 8 190 189 189 189 Notch # 9 131 130 130 130 Notch #10 208 206 206 206
Sum of all Notches 4416 4392 4390 4385
Spares Sectors/cylinder (spr/cyl) C4x Models C2x Models C1x Models
Notch # 1 40 20 10 Notch # 2 40 20 10 Notch # 3 38 19 10 Notch # 4 37 19 9 Notch # 5 36 18 9 Notch # 6 34 17 9 Notch # 7 33 17 8 Notch # 8 32 16 8 Notch # 9 31 16 8 Notch #10 30 15 7
Last cylinder extra spares (lcspr) 60 30 14
User bytes/sector (ub/sct) 256 - 744 (even number of bytes only)
Sectors/logical block (sct/lba) 1-8
The lowest sct/lba that satisfies the following rules is used...
1. Block Length is evenly divisible by a number 2-8.
2. Quotient of previous equation is evenly divisible by 2.
3. Quotient must be ≥ 256 a nd ≤ 744.
User bytes/logical block (ub/lba) 256 - 5952 (See rules for determining sct/lba above for determining sup-
ported ub/lba values.)
Sectors/track (sct/trk) (See Table 1 o n page 13 o r contact an IB M Customer Representative
for other block lengths.)
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Notch #
User bytes /
logical block
256 216 216 216 202 195 180 180 180 180 162 512 135 135 130 126 120 115 112 108 105 100 520 128 128 128 123 115 112 108 105 102 99 522 128 128 128 122 115 112 108 105 102 90 524 128 128 128 120 115 112 108 105 102 90 528 128 128 126 120 112 112 108 105 101 90 600 115 115 115 110 102 101 97 90 90 90 688 102 102 102 98 90 90 90 90 81 78 744 96 96 96 90 90 90 81 78 77 73
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Table 1. Gross sectors per track for several block lengths
C4x Models C2x Models C1x Models
User bytes / logical block
formatted
capacity
(bytes)
logical
blocks /
drive
formatted
capacity
(bytes)
logical
blocks /
drive
formatted
capacity
(bytes)
logical
blocks /
drive
256 3,654,540,800 14,275,550 1,826,312,448 7,134,033 912,135,680 3,563,030 512 4,512,701,440 8,813,870 2,255,098,368 4,404,489 1,126,337,536 2,199,878 520 4,375,536,880 8,414,494 2,186,554,760 4,204,913 1,092,119,600 2,100,230 522 4,374,300,492 8,379,886 2,185,931,898 4,187,609 1,091,803,716 2,091,578 524 4,385,878,952 8,369,998 2,191,716,460 4,182,665 1,094,691,544 2,089,106 528 4,408,629,984 8,349,678 2,203,082,640 4,172,505 1,100,365,728 2,084,026 600 4,512,402,000 7,520,670 2,254,925,400 3,758,209 1,126,282,800 1,877,138 688 4,604,578,976 6,692,702 2,300,969,904 3,344,433 1,149,310,880 1,670,510 744 4,675,830,192 6,284,718 2,336,559,528 3,140,537 1,167,099,408 1,568,682
Table 2. User capacity for several block lengths
2.1.1 Capacity Equations
2.1.1.1 For Each Notch
The next group of equations must be calculated separately for each notch.
user bytes/sector (ub/sct) =
user sectors/cyl (us/cyl) = (sct/trk)(trk/cyl) - spr/cyl
spares/notch (spr/nch) = (spr/cyl)(ucyl) Note: Add lcspr t o the equation above for the notch closest t o the inner diameter (#10).
user sectors/notch (us/nch) = (us/cyl)(ucyl)
Note: Subtract lcspr from the equation above for the notch closest to the inner diameter (#10).
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ub/lba sct/l b a
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2.1.1.2 For Entire Drive
10
spares/drive (spr/drv) =
notch = 1
user sectors/drive (us/drv) =
∑
notch = 1
spr/nch
10
∑
us/nch
logical blocks/ drive (lba/drv) = I NT
user capacity (fcap) = (lba/drv)(ub/lba)
[
us/ drv sct/l b a
]
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2. 2 Power Requirements by Model
2.2.1 C1x Models
The following voltage specifications apply at the drive power connector. There is no special power on/off sequencing required. Th e extra power needed for Brick O n Sled mod els a nd t h e +38V power option are described in 2.2.4, “CxB Models” on page 33.
Input Voltage
+ 5 Volts Supply 5V (± 5% during r un a n d spin-up) +1 2 Volts Supply 12V (± 5% during ru n) ( +5 % / -7% during spin-up)
The following current values are the combination measured values of SCSI models an d SSA Cx4 model. T he differences between SCSI and SSA is +5 V currents. Because of different interface electronics a n d speed, SSA electronics card requires more +5 V current than SCSI. Read/Write Base Line is 290 m a higher. Idle Average is 500 ma higher. (290ma an d 500ma differences were found by measuring SSA Cx4 model). SSA +5V current numbers are derived from SCSI +5 V current numbers by adding 290ma a n d 500ma accord­ingly.
Population Population
Power Supply Current Notes Mean Stand. Dev.
+5VDC (power-up) Minimum voltage slew rate = 4.5 V/sec +5VDC (idle avg) 1.23 Amps 0.02 Amps +5VDC (R/W baseline) 1.25 Amps
1
0.05 Amps
+5VDC (R/W pulse) Base-to-peak .36 Amps 0.06 Amps
+12VDC (power-up) Minimum voltage slew rate = 7.4 V/sec +12VDC (idle avg) 0.28 Amps 0.02 Amps
+12VDC (seek avg) 1 op/sec 0.0027 Amps 0.002 Amps +12VDC (seek peak) 1.20 Amps +12VDC (spin-up) 3.0 sec max 1.5 Amps
2
0.02 Amps
3
0.1 Amps
Drive power
Avg idle power 9.51 Watts .35 Watts Avg R/W power 30 ops/sec 10.58 Watts .35 Watts
1
See Figure 1 on page 18 for a plot of ho w the read/write baseline a n d read/write pulse s um together.
2
Th e idle average an d seek peek should be added together to determine the total 12 volt peak current. See Figure 2 on page 19 for a typical buildup of these currents. Refer to examples on the following page to see how to combine these values.
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2.2.1.1 Power Calculation Examples
Note: The following formulas assume all system ops as a 1 block read or write transfer from a random
cylinder while at nominal voltage condition.
Example 1. Calculate the mean 12 volt average current.
If we assume a case of 30 operations/second then to compute the sum of the 12 volt mean currents th e following is done.
mean +12VDC (idle average) 0.28 amps +12VDC (seek average) 0.027 * 30 = 0.081 amps
TOTAL 0.361 amps
Example 2. Calculate the mean plus 3 sigma 12 volt average current.
To compute the sum of the 12 volt mean current's 1 sigma value assume all the distributions are normal. Therefore the square root of the sum of the squares calculation applies. Assume a case of 30 operations/second.
sigma +12VDC (idle average) 0.02 amps +12VDC (seek average) sqrt(30*((0.0002)**2))= 0.001 amps
TOTAL sqrt((0.02)**2+(.001)**2))=0.02 amps
So the mean plus 3 sigma mean current is 0.361 + 3*0.02 = 0.42 amps
Example 3. Power Calculation.
Nominal idle drive power = (1.23 Amps * 5 Volts) + (0.28 Amps * 12 Volts) = 9.51 Watts
Nominal R/ W drive power at 30 ops/sec = (1.25 Amps * 5 Volts) + (0.361 Amps * 12 Volts) = 10.58 Watts
Mean plus 3 sigma drive power for 30 random R/W operations/second. Assume that the 5 volt a nd 12 volt distributions are independent therefore the square root of the sum of the squares applies.
+5VDC (1 sigma power) 0.05 * 5 = 0.25 watts +12VDC (1 sigma power) 0.02 * 12 = 0.24 watts
Total (1 sigma power) sqrt((0.25)**2+(0.24)**2) = 0.347 watts
Total power 9.13 + 3 * 0.347 = 10.2 watts
3
The current at start is the total 12 volt current required (ie. th e motor start current, module current a n d voice coil retract current). See Figure 3 o n page 20 for typical 12 volt current during spindle motor start.
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Example 4. Calculate the 12 volt peak current.
To compute the sum of the 12 volt peak currents the following is done.
mean +12VDC (idle avg) 0.28 amps +12VDC (seek peak) 1.2 amps
TOTAL 1.48 amps
Example 5. Calculate the mean plus 3 sigma 12 volt peak current.
To compute the sum of the 12 volt peak current's 1 sigma value assume all distributions are normal. There­fore the square root of the sum of the squares calculation applies.
sigma +12VDC (idle avg) 0.02 amps +12VDC (seek peak) 0.02 amps
TOTAL sqrt((0.02)**2+(0.02)**2)=0.028 amps
So the mean plus 3 sigma peak current is 1.48 + 3*0.028 = 1.56 amps
Things to check when measuring 12 V supply current:
Null the current probe frequently. Be sure to let it warm up. Adjust the power supply t o 12.00 V at the drive terminals. Use a proper window width, covering an integral number of spindle revolutions. Measure values at 25 degree C casting temperature. Get a reliable trigger for Seek Peak readings.
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Figure 1. 5 volt current during read/write operations — C1x Models
1. Read/write baseline voltage.
2. Read/write pulse. T he width of the pulse is proportional to the number of consecutive blocks read or written. The 5 volt supply must be able to provide the required current during this event.
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Figure 2. Typical 12 volt current —C1x Models
1. Maximum slew rate is 7 amps/millisecond.
2. Maximum slew rate is 100 amps/millisecond.
3. Maximum slew rate is 7 amps/millisecond.
4. Maximum slew rate is 3 amps/millisecond.
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Figure 3. Typical 12 volt spin-up current — C1x Models
1. Maximum slew rate is 20 amps/millisecond.
2. Current drops off as motor comes up t o speed.
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2.2.2 C2x Models
The following voltage specifications apply at the drive power connector. There is no special power on/off sequencing required. T h e extra power needed for Brick O n Sled models an d t he +38V power option are described in 2.2.4, “CxB Models” on page 33.
Input Voltage
+ 5 Volts Supply 5V (± 5% during r un a n d spin-up) +1 2 Volts Supply 12V (± 5% during ru n) ( +5 % / -7% during spin-up)
The following current values are the combination measured values of SCSI models an d SSA Cx4 model. T he differences between SCSI and SSA is + 5V currents. Because of different interface electronics and speed, SSA electronics card requires more +5 V current than SCSI. Read/Write Base Line is 290 m a higher. Idle Average is 500 m a higher. (290ma and 500ma differences were found by measuring SSA Cx4 model). SSA +5V current numbers are derived from SCSI + 5V current numbers by adding 290ma and 500ma accord­ingly.
Population Population
Power Supply Current Notes Mean Stand. Dev.
+5VDC (power-up) Minimum voltage slew rate = 4.5 V/sec +5VDC (idle avg) 1.23 Amps 0.02 Amps +5VDC (R/W baseline) 1.25 Amps
4
0.05 Amps
+5VDC (R/W pulse) Base-to-peak .36 Amps 0.06 Amps
+12VDC (power-up) Minimum voltage slew rate = 7.4 V/sec +12VDC (idle avg) 0.41 Amps 0.02 Amps
+12VDC (seek avg) 1 op/sec 0.0031 Amps 0.0002 Amps +12VDC (seek peak) 1.20 Amps +12VDC (spin-up) 4.2 sec max 1.5 Amps
5
0.02 Amps
6
0.1 Amps
Drive power
Avg idle power 11.07 Watts .35 Watts Avg R/W power 30 ops/sec 12.25 Watts .35 Watts
4
See Figure 4 on page 24 for a plot of ho w the read/write baseline a n d read/write pulse s um together.
5
Th e idle average a n d seek peek should be added together to determine the total 12 volt peak current. See Figure 5 on page 25 for a typical buildup of these currents. Refer to examples on the following page to see how to combine these values.
6
The current at start is the total 12 volt current required (ie. the motor start current, module current a nd voice coil retract current). See Figure 6 o n page 26 for typical 12 volt current during spindle motor start.
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2.2.2.1 Power Calculation Examples
Note: The following formulas assume all system ops as a 1 block read or write transfer from a random
cylinder while at nominal voltage condition.
Example 1. Calculate the mean 12 volt average current.
If we assume a case of 30 operations/second then to compute the sum of the 12 volt mean currents the following is done.
mean +12VDC (idle average) 0.41 amps +12VDC (seek average) 0.0031 * 30 = 0.09 amps
TOTAL 0.50 amps
Example 2. Calculate the mean plus 3 sigma 12 volt average current.
To compute the sum of the 12 volt mean current's 1 sigma value assume all the distributions are normal. Therefore the square root of the sum of the squares calculation applies. Assume a case of 30 operations/second.
sigma +12VDC (idle average) 0.02 amps +12VDC (seek average) sqrt(30*((0.0002)**2))= 0.001 amps
TOTAL sqrt((0.02)**2+(.001)**2))=0.02 amps
So the mean plus 3 sigma mean current is 0.50 + 3*0.02 = 0.56 amps
Example 3. Power Calculation.
Nominal idle drive power = (1.23 Amps * 5 Volts) + (0.41 Amps * 12 Volts) = 11.07 Watts
Nominal R /W drive power at 30 ops/sec = (1.25 Amps * 5 Volts) + (0.50 Amps * 12 Volts) = 12.25 Watts
Mean plus 3 sigma drive power for 30 random R/W operations/second. Assume that the 5 volt a nd 12 volt distributions are independent therefore the square root of the sum of the squares applies.
+5VDC (1 sigma power) 0.05 * 5 = 0.25 watts +12VDC (1 sigma power) 0.02 * 12 = 0.24 watts
Total (1 sigma power) sqrt((0.25)**2+(0.24)**2) = 0.35 watts
Total power 10.8 + 3 * 0.35 = 11.9 watts
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Example 4. Calculate the 12 volt peak current.
To compute the sum of the 12 volt peak currents the following is done.
mean +12VDC (idle avg) 0.41 amps +12VDC (seek peak) 1.20 amps
TOTAL 1.61 amps
Example 5. Calculate the mean plus 3 sigma 12 volt peak current.
To compute the sum of the 12 volt peak current's 1 sigma value assume all distributions are normal. There­fore the square root of the sum of the squares calculation applies.
sigma +12VDC (idle avg) 0.03 amps +12VDC (seek peak) 0.02 amps
TOTAL sqrt((0.03)**2+(0.02)**2)=0.036 amps
So the mean plus 3 sigma peak current is 1.61 + 3*0.036= 1.72 amps
Things to check when measuring 12 V supply current:
Null the current probe frequently. Be sure to let it warm up. Adjust the power supply t o 12.00 V at the drive terminals. Use a proper window width, covering an integral number of spindle revolutions. Measure values at 25 degree C casting temperature. Get a reliable trigger for Seek Peak readings.
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Figure 4. 5 volt current during read/write operations — C2x Models
1. Read/write baseline voltage.
2. Read/write pulse. T he width of the pulse is proportional to the number of consecutive blocks read or written. The 5 volt supply must be able to provide the required current during this event.
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Figure 5. Typical 12 volt current —C2x Models
1. Maximum slew rate is 7 amps/millisecond.
2. Maximum slew rate is 100 amps/millisecond.
3. Maximum slew rate is 7 amps/millisecond.
4. Maximum slew rate is 3 amps/millisecond.
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Figure 6. Typical 12 volt spin-up current — C2x Models
1. Maximum slew rate is 20 amps/millisecond.
2. Current drops off as motor comes up t o speed.
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2.2.3 C4x Models
The following voltage specifications apply at the drive power connector. There is no special power on/off sequencing required. T h e extra power needed for Brick O n Sled models an d t he +38V power option are described in 2.2.4, “CxB Models” on page 33.
Input Voltage
+ 5 Volts Supply 5V (± 5% during r un a n d spin-up) +1 2 Volts Supply 12V (± 5% during ru n) ( +5 % / -7% during spin-up)
The following current values are the combination measured values of SCSI models an d SSA Cx4 model. T he differences between SCSI and SSA is + 5V currents. Because of different interface electronics and speed, SSA electronics card requires more +5 V current than SCSI. Read/Write Base Line is 290 m a higher. Idle Average is 500 m a higher. (290ma and 500ma differences were found by measuring SSA Cx4 model). SSA +5V current numbers are derived from SCSI + 5V current numbers by adding 290ma and 500ma accord­ingly.
Population Population
Power Supply Current Notes Mean Stand. Dev.
+5VDC (power-up) Minimum voltage slew rate = 4.5 V/sec +5VDC (idle avg) 1.26 Amps 0.02 Amps +5VDC (R/W baseline) 1.27 Amps
7
0.05 Amps
+5VDC (R/W pulse) Base-to-peak .36 Amps 0.06 Amps
+12VDC (power-up) Minimum voltage slew rate = 7.4 V/sec +12VDC (idle avg) 0.77 Amps 0.03 Amps
+12VDC (seek avg) 1 op/sec 0.0036 Amps 0.0002 Amps +12VDC (seek peak) 1.3 Amps +12VDC (spin-up) 8.5 sec max 2.2 Amps
8
9
0.02 Amps
0.1 Amps
Drive power
Avg idle power 15.54 Watts .44 Watts Avg R/W power 30 ops/sec 16.91 Watts .44 Watts
7
See Figure 7 on page 30 for a plot of ho w the read/write baseline a n d read/write pulse s um together.
8
Th e idle average a n d seek peek should be added together to determine the total 12 volt peak current. See Figure 8 on page 31 for a typical buildup of these currents. Refer to examples on the following page to see how to combine these values.
9
The current at start is the total 12 volt current required (ie. the motor start current, module current a nd voice coil retract current). See Figure 9 o n page 32 for typical 12 volt current during spindle motor start.
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