IBM 8275-416 User Manual
8275 Model 416 High Performance Ethernet
Workgroup Switch
User’s Guide
Release 1.2
IBM
GC30-4026-02
8275 Model 416 High Performance Ethernet
Workgroup Switch
User’s Guide
Release 1.2
IBM
GC30-4026-02
Note
Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read “Appendix A. Safety Information” on page 93 and
“Appendix B. Notices” on page 103.
Third Edition (December 1999)
This edition applies to Release 1.2 of the IBM 8275 Model 416 High Performance Ethernet Workgroup Switch.
Order publications through your IBM representative or the IBM branch office serving your locality. Publications are
not stocked at the address given below.
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comments to:
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© Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1999. All rights reserved.
US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract
with IBM Corp.
Contents
Figures ...........................vii
Tables ............................ix
About this guide ........................xi
Who should use this guide .....................xi
How this guide is organized ....................xi
Accessing the softcopy library....................xi
Online support .........................xii
Obtaining service ........................xii
Summary of Changes .....................xiii
Chapter 1. Introduction......................1
Product overview ........................1
Switch functions .........................1
Layer 2 switching .......................1
Virtual local area networks (VLANs).................2
Self Learning IP ........................2
Link aggregation (trunking) ....................4
Fast spanning tree mode ....................4
Management and user interfaces..................5
Security ...........................6
Reliability and serviceability....................6
Performance .........................6
Year 2000 (Y2K) Compliance ...................6
Hardware ...........................7
Cabling requirements ......................7
Front panel..........................8
Switch LED status.......................10
Single-digit display ......................11
Base ports LEDs .......................12
Feature module LEDs .....................13
Physical characteristics .....................17
Chapter 2. Accessing the switch .................19
Types of Connectivity ......................19
Out-of-band connection .....................19
In-band connection – Telnet, Web, SNMP ..............21
Chapter 3. Configuring your switch ................25
Configuring IP information .....................25
Remote configuration using DHCP or BootP .............25
Manual configuration using the terminal interface ...........25
Configuration Changes ......................27
Making configuration changes using the terminal interface ........27
Making configuration changes using the Web interface .........29
Making configuration changes using SNMP .............30
Managing the configuration file ...................30
Chapter 4. Using the Terminal Interface ...............31
Login panel ..........................31
The Main Menu.........................32
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 iii
System information .......................32
Inventory information......................33
System description ......................33
Management..........................35
Configuring network connection for the switch ............35
Configuring serial port .....................36
Configuring for DHCP or BootP ..................37
Configuring the SNMP community .................38
Configuring traps .......................41
Configuring Telnet.......................44
Ping ............................45
ARP cache .........................46
Device configuration .......................47
Configuring the switch .....................47
Configuring ports .......................48
Configuring port monitoring ...................50
Configuring spanning tree protocol (STP) ..............52
VLAN management ......................53
Trunk management menu ....................58
Statistics ...........................61
Port summary statistics .....................61
Port detailed statistics .....................62
Switch summary statistics ....................64
Switch detailed statistics ....................64
Forwarding database information .................66
Self Learning IP router table menu ................66
Self Learning IP host address menu ................67
User account management ....................70
Defining user accounts .....................70
Managing login sessions ....................71
System utilities .........................72
Saving applied changes ....................72
Logging out .........................72
Handling files ........................73
Reset utility .........................77
System reset menu ......................77
Resetting configuration data to factory default values ..........78
Resetting passwords to factory default values ............79
iv 8275-416 User’s Guide
Chapter 5. Using the Web Interface ................81
Configuring for Web Access ....................81
Web Page Layout ........................81
Starting the Web Interface.....................82
Commands .........................82
Chapter 6. Using the SNMP Interface ................85
MIBs supported ........................85
MIB II (RFC 1213) ......................85
Definitions of managed objects for bridges (RFC 1493) .........86
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet MIB (RFC 1643) ...............86
Remote monitoring (RMON) MIB (RFC 1757) ............87
IBM 8275-416 switch enterprise MIB ................87
Port ifIndex values .......................87
Chapter 7. Troubleshooting and Obtaining Service ..........89
Diagnosing Problems ......................89
Obtaining Software .......................89
Troubleshooting in a Network ...................89
Start of Troubleshooting Process ..................89
Choosing a Troubleshooting Procedure ................90
Procedure A .........................90
Procedure B .........................90
Procedure C .........................91
Procedure D .........................91
Procedure E .........................92
Obtaining Service ........................92
Appendix A. Safety Information ..................93
Reference to Safety Booklet ....................93
Safety Notice .........................97
Appendix B. Notices ......................103
Electronic Emission Notices....................104
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement ........104
Industry Canada Class A Emission Compliance Statement .......104
Avis de conformité aux normes d’Industrie Canada ..........104
European Norm (EN) Statement .................104
Japanese Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) Statement 105
Korean Communications Statement ................105
Power line harmonics compliance ................106
Taiwanese Class A Warning Statement ..............106
Class 1 Laser Statement.....................106
Class 1 LED Statement .....................106
Trademarks..........................107
Appendix C. Cable Pinout Diagrams................109
Straight-Through 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX Cables ...........109
Straight-Through 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX Cables for STP ........109
Crossover 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX Cables ..............110
Crossover 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX Cables for STP ...........110
EIA-232 Port .........................111
Null-Modem Cables.......................112
Appendix D. Interface Conventions for the Console..........113
Appendix E. Introduction to Virtual LANs (VLANs) ..........117
Virtual LANs .........................117
Benefits of VLANs ......................117
How VLANs ease change and movement..............117
How VLANs control broadcast traffic ...............117
How VLANs provide extra security ................117
VLANs and the switch .....................118
Priority and traffic classes ...................118
Overview of IEEE 820.1Q VLAN support ..............119
Configuration examples ....................120
Using unique MAC addresses ..................123
Duplicate VLAN configurations and oversubscription of switch resources 123
Index ............................125
Glossary ..........................133
Contents v
Readers’ Comments — We’d Like to Hear from You .........137
vi 8275-416 User’s Guide
Figures
1. Self-Learning IP in the network ..........................3
2. Front panel of the switch. ............................8
3. LEDs for the switch...............................10
4. LEDs for the base 10/100BASE-TX ports on the switch ................12
5. LEDs for the 8-port 10/100BASE-TX feature module. .................13
6. LEDs for the 8-port 100BASE-FX feature module....................14
7. LEDs for the 4-port 100BASE-FX feature module....................15
8. LEDs for the 2-port 1000BASE-SX feature module. ..................16
9. Out-of-band connectivity - locally attached terminal ..................20
10. Out-of-band connectivity - remotely attached terminal .................20
11. In-band connection ..............................22
12. Configuring BootP/static DHCP and network connection (IP information). ..........26
13. Login panel for terminal interface .........................31
14. Main menu for terminal interface .........................32
15. System information menu............................33
16. Inventory information menu ...........................33
17. System description menu............................34
18. Management menu ..............................35
19. Network connection configuration.........................35
20. Serial port configuration ............................37
21. SNMP community configuration .........................39
22. SNMP trap receiver configuration.........................41
23. Trap flags configuration ............................42
24.Traplog..................................43
25. Trap log status ...............................44
26. Telnet configuration ..............................44
27. Ping ...................................45
28. ARP cache .................................46
29. Device configuration .............................47
30. Switch configuration..............................47
31. Port configuration ..............................49
32. Port monitoring ...............................51
33. Spanning tree switch configuration/status ......................52
34. Spanning tree port configuration/status.......................53
35. VLAN management menu ...........................54
36. VLAN summary and configuration ........................54
37. VLAN Configuration Menu ...........................55
38. GARP configuration ..............................56
39. 802.1Q port configuration............................57
40. VLAN reset .................................58
41. Trunk status menu ..............................59
42. Configure trunk menu .............................60
43. Statistics Menu ...............................61
44. Port summary statistics ............................62
45. Port detailed statistics (Page 1 of 4)........................62
46. Port detailed statistics (Page 2 of 4)........................63
47. Port detailed statistics (Page 3 of 4)........................63
48. Port detailed statistics (Page 4 of 4)........................64
49. Switch summary statistics ...........................64
50. Switch detailed statistics ............................65
51. Self Learning IP statistics............................65
52. Forwarding database information .........................66
53. Self Learning IP router table menu ........................67
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 vii
54. Self Learning IP host address menu........................68
55. User account management ...........................70
56. Login session management ...........................71
57. Save applied changes .............................72
58. Logout utility ................................73
59. Downloading a file to the switch .........................75
60. Uploading a file from the switch .........................76
61. System Reset menu .............................77
62. System reset menu ..............................78
63. Reset configuration data to factory defaults .....................78
64. Reset passwords to factory defaults........................79
65. Web interface panel–example ..........................82
66. Straight-Through UTP Cable (RJ-45 to RJ-45), T568A ................109
67. Straight-Through UTP Cable (RJ-45 to RJ-45), T568B ................109
68. Straight-Through STP Cable (RJ-45 to IBM Data Connector) ..............109
69. Crossover UTP Cable (RJ-45 to RJ-45), T568A ...................110
70. Crossover UTP Cable (RJ-45 to RJ-45), T568B ...................110
71. Crossover STP Cable (RJ-45 to IBM Data Connector Crossover) ............110
72. Pinout of the EIA-232 Port ...........................111
73. EIA-232 Null Modem Cable for Terminal with 25-Pin Connector .............112
74. EIA-232 Null Modem Cable for Terminal with 9-Pin Connector..............112
75. An Example of VLANs ............................118
76. Untagged device to untagged device configuration ..................120
77. 802.1Q-compliant device (tagging and GVRP) to 802.1Q-compliant device (tagging and GVRP)
configuration ................................121
78. Untagged device to 802.1Q compliant device (tagging and GVRP) configuration .......122
79. Untagged device to 802.1Q-compliant device (tagging only) configuration .........123
viii 8275-416 User’s Guide
Tables
1. Ethernet cable requirements ...........................7
2. LED status for the switch. ...........................10
3. Problem indications on the single-digit display when the Fault LED is ON. ..........11
4. Status of LEDs for 16 base 10/100BASE-TX ports ..................12
5. Status of LEDs for 8-port 10/100BASE-TX feature module ...............13
6. Status of LEDs for 8-port 100BASE-FX feature module.................14
7. Status of LEDs for 4-port 100BASE-FX feature module.................15
8. Status of LEDs for 2-port 1000BASE-SX feature module ................16
9. Summary of physical characteristics for the switch ..................17
10. Connection methods and available user interfaces ..................19
11. Messages - while downloading files ........................73
12. Messages - while uploading files .........................74
13. MIBs Supported by the Switch. .........................85
14. Troubleshooting Symptoms and Actions ......................90
15. Special Keys and Commands Used with the Terminal Interface .............113
16. Acceptable VLAN configurations with no feature modules ...............124
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 ix
x 8275-416 User’s Guide
About this guide
This guide briefly describes the features and capabilities of the 8275 Model 416
High Performance Ethernet Workgroup Switch. However, its primary purpose is to
describe how to use the capabilities offered by the switch to configure, obtain status
information, and monitor performance of the switch in your network.
Who should use this guide
This guide is intended for the network administrator or person responsible for
integrating, maintaining and monitoring the switch in your network. The person
responsible for coordinating installation and service for the switch will also find this
manual useful.
How this guide is organized
This guide contains the following chapters and appendixes:
v “Chapter 1. Introduction” on page 1 describes the functions and capabilities of the
switch.
v “Chapter 2. Accessing the switch” on page 19 describes the various physical
methods of accessing the switch.
v “Chapter 3. Configuring your switch” on page 25 describes initial configuration of
IP information.
v “Chapter 4. Using the Terminal Interface” on page 31 describes the using
functions of the terminal interface.
v “Chapter 6. Using the SNMP Interface” on page 85 contains information about
using SNMP to manage the switch.
v “Chapter 5. Using the Web Interface” on page 81 introduces the Web interface.
v “Chapter 7. Troubleshooting and Obtaining Service” on page 89 gives
suggestions for solving problems obtaining service.
v “Appendix A. Safety Information” on page 93 contains translated safety
instructions to observe when performing troubleshooting procedures.
v “Appendix B. Notices” on page 103 lists important notices about the use of this
product.
v “Appendix C. Cable Pinout Diagrams” on page 109 describes and illustrates
pinout diagrams for Ethernet and null-modem cable connectors.
v “Appendix D. Interface Conventions for the Console” on page 113 describes the
definitions and functions of special keys and commands that are used by the
terminal interface.
v “Appendix E. Introduction to Virtual LANs (VLANs)” on page 117 briefly introduces
concepts and terminology about virtual local area Networks (VLANs).
Accessing the softcopy library
Softcopy versions of 8275-416 product documentation are available from either the
Documentation CD-ROM (shipped with the product) or the IBM Networking
Products Web site. To access product documentation shipped on the CD-ROM,
follow the instructions in the booklet that accompanies the CD-ROM. Visit the
following Web site to access the 8275-416 documentation at:
http://www.ibm.com/networking/support/docs.nsf/8275docs?OpenView
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 xi
Online support
To obtain support information, including technical tips, current product information,
and code updates and fixes for the switch, visit the IBM Networking Tech Support
page at:
http://www.ibm.com/networking/support
You may also subscribe to receive e-mail notifications about code updates, tips, and
FAQs for your switch.
Obtaining service
If you need assistance in troubleshooting or you need service for your 8275-416,
call IBM at:
v 1-800-772-2227 in the United States
v 1-800-426-7378 (1-800-IBM-SERV) in Canada.
v In other locations, contact your place of purchase.
Refer to your IBM Warranty for information concerning service for the product.
xii 8275-416 User’s Guide
Summary of Changes
Changes in this revision are indicated with revision bars in the left margin and
reflect:
v The addition of the 2-Port 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Feature Module
v The addition of these functions:
– Trunking
– Self-learning IP
– Port-based and fast spanning tree
– Enable/disable Web mode configuration from SNMP
– Enable/disable broadcast storm suppression trap
v New terminal interface panels in Chapter 4 to reflect new function for Release
1.2.
v General editorial changes
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 xiii
xiv 8275-416 User’s Guide
Chapter 1. Introduction
This chapter briefly describes the functions, capabilities, and benefits of the 8275
Model 416 High Performance Ethernet Workgroup Switch. This information helps
you to plan for and use the switch in your network.
Product overview
Fast Ethernet switching continues to evolve from high-end backbone applications to
desktop-switching applications. The switch provides a low-cost and powerful Layer
2 switch solution. It is an attractive base switch offering with the following key
functions:
v High-performance, Layer 2, managed switch
v 16 base ports (10/100BASE-TX), expandable from 18 to 32 ports, depending on
the combination of the following optional feature modules:
– 8-Port 10/100BASE-TX
– 8-Port 100BASE-FX
– 4-Port 100BASE-FX
– 2-Port 1000BASE-SX
v Robust management support; VT100 terminal interface, Web interface, SNMP
v Backplane performance 10 gigabits per second Ethernet switching
v Desktop and segment switching infrastructure
v Affordable migration to higher-performance networks
As a network administrator, you have a choice of three easy-to-use management
methods: VT100 terminal interface, Web-based, and Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP). These management methods enable you to configure, manage,
and control the switch locally or from anywhere on the network.
The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) provides fault tolerance on the network.
Switch functions
This section describes the functional support included in the switch:
v Layer 2 switching
v Virtual local area networks (VLANs)
v Management and user interface
v Self-learning IP
v Link aggregation (trunking)
v Fast spanning tree mode
v Security
v Reliability and serviceability
v Performance
v Flow Control
v Year 2000 (Y2K) compliance
Layer 2 switching
The 8275-416 is a Layer 2 Ethernet switch in which frame forwarding is based on
MAC addresses and VLAN membership. The switch supports the IEEE 802.1D
(1998) and 802.1Q standards.
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 1
802.3x flow control
The switch supports 802.3x flow control, which, when enabled, allows the
transmission of data frames to be inhibited for a specified period of time. The
default for 802.3x flow control is
port is in full-duplex mode.
Disabled
. 802.3x flow control is valid only when the
Broadcast storm recovery
The switch detects broadcast storms and automatically blocks broadcast traffic to
minimize the impact of the broadcast storm on the rest of the network. You can
enable or disable this function at a switch level. For all broadcast frames received
by the switch, the broadcast storm recovery operation depends on port speed and
is described as follows:
1. If the Broadcast Storm Recovery Mode is
a 10 Mbps Ethernet port exceeds 20% of the link speed, then the switch blocks
the broadcast traffic on the port until the broadcast traffic is returned to 10% or
below.
2. If the Broadcast Storm Recovery Mode is
a 100 Mbps Ethernet port exceeds 5% of the link speed, then the switch blocks
the broadcast traffic on the port until the broadcast traffic is returned to 2.5% or
below.
3. Broadcast Storm Recovery is not supported on 1000 Mbps Ethernet ports.
4. If Broadcast Storm Recovery Mode is
broadcast traffic on the Ethernet port.
5. The switch issues a trap message when traffic exceeds a port’s broadcast
threshold and when it returns to or below the port’s recovery threshold.
Enable
Enable
Disable
, and if the broadcast traffic on
, and if the broadcast traffic on
, the switch does not block the
Forwarding database
The switch port MAC addresses are stored in the forwarding database. An address
learned by the switch is removed from the forwarding database after a period of
time if no frames have been received from that address. The default value for the
aging period is 300 seconds (5 minutes), but it can be configured by the user. The
time values range from 10 seconds to 600 seconds.
The switch forwarding database stores 12 000 entries. When the database is full,
no new entries are learned until an existing entry ages out. All frames with unknown
destination addresses are multicast to all ports in the appropriate VLAN.
Virtual local area networks (VLANs)
The switch supports VLANs. “Appendix E. Introduction to Virtual LANs (VLANs)” on
page 117 provides an introduction to VLANs. It describes concepts and terminology,
as well as, the benefits of using VLANs. The switch is manageable only through the
ports which are members of the Default VLAN (VLAN 1).
Figure 36 on page 54 and Figure 37 on page 55 show examples of the panels and
descriptions of the parameters used to configure VLANs.
Self Learning IP
Self Learning IP is a configurable function of the switch that learns where IP
addresses are in the network so that packets normally sent from one host to
another through a router can bypass the router and be sent directly to the
destination host address. Self Learning IP is most effective when the switch is used
to “front” the router (the switch is positioned logically between the router and the
networks to which it belongs). Because of this strategic vantage point in the network
(Figure 1 on page 3), the switch has visibility to all packets flowing to and from the
2 8275-416 User’s Guide
router, as well as between any two switch ports. The switch monitors the traffic to
determine if a Layer 2 shortcut can be used instead of subjecting the packet to
Layer 3 router processing which can be relatively lengthy.
Router
Switch
1.1.1.x
Subnet
Server
Host A
1.1.1.10
* Host = clients or servers
Figure 1. Self-Learning IP in the network
2.2.2.x
Subnet
Host B
2.2.2.20
The Self Learning IP function essentially:
v Learns the network structure, classifying attached devices as routers or hosts.
v Maintains knowledge of network structure, aging out unused devices over time.
v Expedites packet flow through the network by circumventing the router whenever
possible.
Device learning and classification is accomplished by watching ARP replies that
flow naturally through the switch with the addition of active probing to determining
whether a device is a router or a host. When an IP packet enters the switch, the
Self Learning IP function compares the destination MAC address against the list of
known routers, then checks if the destination IP address is a known host. If both
tests pass, the packet is automatically re-addressed to the destination IP host
device and is sent out the appropriate switch port.
A Router Table and Host Table are used to manage information learned about
router and host devices, respectively. To keep this network information current, the
Router Table entries are refreshed every 5 minutes while Host Table entries are
checked every 3 minutes. Devices which are no longer active are dropped from
their table; devices may be relearned at a later time as conditions change.
To use the Self Learning IP function, the switch must be configured with the
following:
v IP information (see Network Connectivity Configuration Menu in Chapter 4).
Note: For the Self Learning IP function to work, the IP information must include
a default gateway for the network.
v Enable the Self Learning IP function (see the Switch Configuration Menu in
Chapter 4).
Chapter 1. Introduction 3
Once Self Learning IP is enabled, the following information is available:
v Self Learning IP statistics for the switch (see Switch Detailed Statistics Menu in
Chapter 4).
v IP and MAC addresses of routers learned (see Self Learning IP Router Table
Menu in Chapter 4).
v Host IP statistics (see Self Learning IP Host Address Menu in Chapter 4).
Note that the Packets Switched count included in the Switch Detailed Statistics
Menu may not reflect the absolute latest value. The information used for updating
this count is obtained as individual Host Table entries are refreshed, so while this
value can change over time, it does not necessarily update at the same frequency
as other statistics on the menu.
While intended as an autonomous feature, Self Learning IP is affected by certain
changes in switch configuration. If Self Learning IP is enabled and the switch IP
address is reset, the Self Learning IP function is automatically disabled. The Self
Learning IP Router and Host Tables are cleared whenever there is a link
aggregation configuration change (see Link aggregation (trunking) in this chapter),
forcing router and host devices to be relearned.
Link aggregation (trunking)
Link aggregation, also called
together logically to appear as one super-link. The super-link or Link Aggregation
Group (LAG) has access to the combined bandwidth of all links.
trunking
allows 802.3 MAC interfaces to be grouped
The Sun Trunking
100BASE-FX ports. All members of the trunk must support Sun Trunking
information about configuring trunks, see “Trunk management menu” on page 58.
Up to 8 trunks can be configured.
Advantages of trunking are:
v Fault tolerance: Failure of one or more of the links in the LAG are handled
gracefully. If a link of the LAG fails, the flows mapped to that link are dynamically
reassigned to the remaining links of the LAG.
v Redundancy: Link aggregation also provides automatic, point-to-point redundancy
between two devices (switch-to-switch).
Fast spanning tree mode
The IEEE 802.1D spanning tree protocol (STP) is designed to prevent loops in
Ethernet networks. To achieve this objective the STP does not allow switches to
forward data frames on a link immediately after the link is activated. The STP first
listens for spanning tree BPDUs from other switches, then determines whether to
put the link into forwarding state. When a default IEEE spanning tree timer value of
15 seconds is used for the forward delay timer, a link can start forwarding traffic 30
seconds after it becomes active on the network.
In networks with shared media hubs, there is a trend to attach network stations (or
hosts) directly to multi-port bridges (otherwise known as switches). Unfortunately,
the 802.1D spanning tree protocol has not been changed to accommodate this
trend. So, when a network station is ready to send data, the switch does not allow
the network station to communicate on the network until STP puts the port in
forwarding state. The 30 second delay forces the network station users to wait
™
1.0 specification is supported for the 10/100BASE-TX and
™
1.0. For
4 8275-416 User’s Guide
longer before accessing the network. Even worse, some higher level protocols
running on the network station may time out, generate error messages or not work
at all.
The 802.1D standard specifies that when a link comes up on the network, the
spanning tree state is set to “Listening”. After the forward delay timer expires, the
spanning tree state is set to “Learning”, and after another forward delay timer
interval the state is set to “Forwarding”. The forward delay timer is set for the entire
network by the root bridge. The default value for this timer is 15 seconds.
With the Fast Spanning Tree function, the transition from “Listening” to “Learning”
and the transition from “Learning” to “Forwarding” takes approximately 6 to 8
seconds. The forward delay timer behavior reverts to the 802.1D standard (15
seconds) after a port goes into forwarding state or blocking state.
Fast Spanning Tree mode is configurable by port. The default is the standard
802.1D protocol. When a port is configured in Fast Spanning Tree mode, it takes
approximately 6 to 8 seconds before traffic can be forwarded on the link. Spanning
tree can also be disabled on the port. For details about configuring ports for Fast
Spanning Tree mode, see the Port Configuration Menu in Chapter 4.
Management and user interfaces
Note: The switch is manageable using the Ethernet network only through the ports
which are members of the Default VLAN (VLAN 1).
You have a choice of these easy-to-use management methods:
v A VT100 terminal interface allows you to fully manage the switch using a
standard terminal or terminal emulator connected over the network using Telnet
or connected to the switch’s serial port (EIA 232).
“Chapter 2. Accessing the switch” on page 19 describes how to access the switch
using this interface and “Chapter 4. Using the Terminal Interface” on page 31
instructs you about using this interface.
v A Web-based interface enables you to manage the switch through standard Web
browsers. There must be a physical path between the Web browser and the
switch over the Ethernet network to use this method of connectivity.
“Chapter 2. Accessing the switch” on page 19 describes how to access the switch
using this interface and “Chapter 5. Using the Web Interface” on page 81
instructs you about using this interface.
v The switch has a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent that the
network administrator can access with a standard network manager. The
following MIBs (Management Information Base) are supported:
– MIB II (RFC 1213)
– 8275-416 Enterprise MIB
– RMON MIB (RFC 1757)
– Bridge MIB (RFC 1493)
– IEEE 802.3 Ethernet (RFC 1643)
v The switch interoperates with the following SNMP Managers:
– Any standard MIB browser (SNMPv1)
– IBM Nways
– IBM Nways Manager for HP-UX (V2.0 or later)
– IBM Nways Manager for AIX
®
Manager for Windows NT®(V2.0 or later)
®
(V2.0 or later)
Chapter 1. Introduction 5
Security
User access security can be implemented using the following functions of the
8275-416:
v User Accounts: The switch supports up to six accounts (one user with read/write
status and five with read-only status) for terminal interface and Web access.
Access to the switch configuration panels is password protected. Only one user
name with read/write status is allowed to be configured, which prevents potential
conflicts in configuration changes. The default Read/Write user name is:
and the default password consists of blanks (no password). If you lose the
password, contact your IBM service representative.
v SNMP read/write protection based on community name.
Reliability and serviceability
The switch:
v Provides a comprehensive power-on self-test (POST) that ensures that all of its
components are functioning correctly.
v Controls a seven-segment LED that allows you to follow the boot sequence.
v Allows you to download software upgrades using any of the management
methods.
v Allows you to implement parallel paths for network traffic through the use of
spanning tree protocol (STP), which provides a level of fault tolerance and
ensures that:
– Redundant paths are disabled when the main paths are operational
– Redundant paths are enabled if the main paths fail
v Allows you to configure a port to “see” traffic going into and out of another port
on the switch (port monitoring).
v Provides statistics for all ports.
admin
,
Performance
High performance, Layer 2 switching for the switch consists of:
v Switching for up to 32 ports
v Supporting up to 12 000 end stations
v Processing 64-byte packets at the following rates:
– 14 880 packets per second to 10-Mbps ports.
– 148 800 packets per second to 100-Mbps ports
v Detecting broadcast storms and preventing them from impacting the network
(Broadcast Storm Recovery).
Year 2000 (Y2K) Compliance
The 8275-416 is Y2K compliant.
When used in accordance with its associated documentation, it is capable of
correctly processing and/or receiving date data within and between the 20th and
21st centuries providing all other products (for example, hardware, software, and
firmware) used with the switch properly exchange accurate date data.
For additional information about Year 2000 related topics, visit:
http://www.ibm.com/year2000
6 8275-416 User’s Guide
Hardware
Cabling requirements
Ethernet cables are
them through your IBM representative.
Table 1 shows cable type and length requirements. Cable requirements depend on
the speed of the network. Cables and connecting hardware must meet the
standards specified in the ANSI/TIA/EIA 856-A or CSA T529 standards.
Table 1. Ethernet cable requirements
Ethernet Type Cable Requirements Max. Cable Length
10BASE-T Category 3, 4 or 5 100-ohm STP/UTP
100BASE-TX Category 5, 100-ohm STP or UTP
100BASE-FX 62.5-micron multimode fiber (MMF)
1000BASE-SX 50/125-micron or 62.5-micron
10/100BASE-TX
not
provided and must be separately purchased. You can order
100 m (328 ft)
cable
100 m (328 ft)
cable and connecting hardware
2 km (6561 ft) at full-duplex; 412
cabling
multimode fiber (MMF) cabling
m (1352 ft) at half-duplex
550 m (1804 ft) at full-duplex.
10BASE-T connections are MDX ports and operate correctly with standard
Category 3, 4, or 5 100-ohm UTP or STP cable and connecting hardware,
as specified in the ANSI/TIA/EIA 856-A or CSA T529 standards when
connected to MDI ports. When connecting to other MDX ports, such as
ports of other 8275-416 switches, you must use crossover cables.
Do not use telephone extension cables in 10/100BASE-TX networks. The
wire pairs in those cables are not twisted and the cables do not meet other
requirements for use in a 10BASE-T network.
For connections to 10/100BASE-TX networks, you can use only Category 5
STP or UTP cables.
100BASE-FX
For connection to 100BASE-FX networks, you can use only 62.5/125 MMF
cabling with MTRJ connectors.
1000BASE-SX
For connection to 1000BASE-SX networks, you can use 62.5/125 µm or
50/125 µm multi-mode fiber (MMF) cabling with SC fiber optic connectors.
Chapter 1. Introduction 7
Front panel
Figure 2. Front panel of the switch.
Switch LEDs
Switch LEDs are located at the lower left corner of the front panel (left of
the single-digit display) and are identified with a vertical bar (I), OK, and
Fault. The LED identified with the vertical bar and the OK LED are Green;
the Fault LED is amber. The states of the LEDs are
They are explained later in this chapter.
on,off
,or
blinking
.
Single-Digit Display
The single-digit display is located at the lower left corner of the front panel
as shown in Figure 3 on page 10. During diagnostics, the character
displayed indicates the diagnostic test being executed. Once the switch is
operational, the character displayed is its unit ID (Table 3 on page 11).
Serial Port (EIA 232)
The serial port is a standard DB-9 male connector that provides an EIA 232
serial interface (sometimes referred to as the out-of-band management
port). Use a null-modem serial cable when connecting to a workstation
(“Appendix C. Cable Pinout Diagrams” on page 109). Use a VT100 terminal
emulator program to configure your terminal’s attached COM port as
follows:
v 19200 baud
v 8 data bits
v 1 stop bit
v No parity
v Hardware flow control OFF
See “Chapter 2. Accessing the switch” on page 19 for more information
about connectivity.
Ethernet 10/100BASE-TX Ports
The switch has 16 Ethernet 10/100BASE-TX ports. Each port has two LEDs
located at the lower right and left of the connector. Status indications of the
Port LEDs are explained later in this chapter.
8 8275-416 User’s Guide
Feature Module Slots 1 and 2
These feature modules are available to expand port connections for your
switch:
v 8-Port 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet Feature Module, P/N 30L6661
v 8-Port 100BASE-FX Ethernet Feature Module, P/N 30L6662
v 4-Port 100BASE-FX Ethernet Feature Module, P/N 31L4054
v 2-Port 1000BASE-SX Ethernet Feature Module, P/N 30L6663
Chapter 1. Introduction 9
Switch LED status
Switch LEDs are shown in Figure 3 and LED status is explained in the table that
follows:
Figure 3. LEDs for the switch.
Table 2. LED status for the switch.
I (Green) OK (Green) Fault (Yellow)
Off Off Off No power is present, or there is a
On On Off The switch is operational.
On Blinking Off Configuration file or Operational
On Off On There is a hardware fault. The
On Off Blinking Diagnostics are in process. The
LEDs Explanation
power supply failure. The switch is
not
operational.
Code file transfer is in process.
not
power-off or reset the switch.
switch is
switch is
not
operational.
not
yet operational.
Do
10 8275-416 User’s Guide
Note: Any other state of the LEDs indicates an LED failure.
Single-digit display
The single-digit display (shown in Figure 3 on page 10) displays characters while
diagnostics are running after power is applied to the switch. At the successful
completion of diagnostics, the unit number appears in the display (for example, “1”
indicates Unit Number 1). Table 3 gives the meaning of other digits that can be
displayed and the corrective actions required.
Table 3. Problem indications on the single-digit display when the Fault LED is ON.
Character Problem Corrective Action
d Board RAM problem Replace the switch.
3 Detected an unsupported feature
4 PIF fault on the feature module or
5 or 6 Non-volatile memory problem. Replace the switch.
7 Switch memory problem. Replace the switch.
8 Base board loopback problem. Replace the switch.
9 or a Feature module loopback
module.
base board.
problem.
Remove the feature module and update
the operational code, or the feature
module is not fully seated in its
connector.
If feature module Fault LED is On,
remove the feature module. If no feature
module Fault LED is On, replace the
switch.
v 9 = Feature module in Slot 1 has the
fault; remove this feature module.
v a = Feature module in Slot 2 has the
fault; remove this feature module.
Chapter 1. Introduction 11
Base ports LEDs
The switch has 16 base 10/100BASE-TX ports. LED status for these 16 base ports
are shown in Figure 4 and they are explained in Table 4.
Figure 4. LEDs for the base 10/100BASE-TX ports on the switch
Table 4. Status of LEDs for 16 base 10/100BASE-TX ports
LED Color State Explanation
Right Ethernet
Port LED
Left Ethernet Port
LED
Green ON Indicates a 100-Mbps port.
OFF Indicates a 10-Mbps port.
Green ON The link is up.
OFF The link is down.
Blinking Transmitting (Tx) and Receiving (Rx)
traffic.
12 8275-416 User’s Guide
Feature module LEDs
Each feature module has an OK and a Fault LED located at the left side of the
faceplate. The OK LED is green and the Fault LED is yellow. LED locations are
shown in Figure 5, Figure 6 on page 14, Figure 7 on page 15, and Figure 8 on
page 16; LED status of the feature modules are explained in Table 5, Table 6 on
page 14, Table 7 on page 15, and Table 8 on page 16.
Status LEDs for the 8-port 10/100BASE-TX Ethernet feature
module
8-Port 10/100BASE-TX Feature Module
15263748
OK
Fault
Feature
Module
LED
Port
LEDs
Figure 5. LEDs for the 8-port 10/100BASE-TX feature module.
Table 5. Status of LEDs for 8-port 10/100BASE-TX feature module
LED Color State Explanation
OK Green ON There is power to feature module.
OFF There is no power to feature module,
no power to the switch, or the module
has failed.
Fault Yellow ON There is a module fault.
OFF There is no module fault.
Right Ethernet
Port LED
Left Ethernet
Port LED
Green ON Indicates a 100-Mbps port.
OFF Indicates a 10-Mbps port.
Green ON The link is up.
OFF The link is down.
Blinking Transmitting (Tx) and Receiving (Rx)
traffic.
Chapter 1. Introduction 13
Status LEDs for the 8-port 100BASE-FX Ethernet feature module
8-Port 100BASE-FX Feature Module
15263748
OK
Fault
Feature
Module
Port
LEDs
LED
Figure 6. LEDs for the 8-port 100BASE-FX feature module.
Table 6. Status of LEDs for 8-port 100BASE-FX feature module
LED Color State Explanation
OK Green ON There is power to the feature module.
OFF There is no power to the feature
module, no power to the switch, or the
module has failed.
Fault Yellow ON There is a module fault.
OFF There is no module fault.
Port LED Green ON Link is up.
OFF Link is down.
Blinking Transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx)
traffic.
14 8275-416 User’s Guide
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