Huawei CBTS3612-1900 Maintenance Manual

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Administration Building, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Bantian, Longgang District,

Shenzhen, P. R. China

Postal Code: 518129

Website: http://www.huawei.com BOM: 31033171

8.4cm	5.4cm

Airbridge cBTS3612 CDMA Base Station

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

On-site Maintenance Manual

Airbridge cBTS3612 CDMA Base Station

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

On-site Maintenance Manual

Airbridge cBTS3612 CDMA Base Station

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

On-site Maintenance Manual

Airbridge cBTS3612

CDMA Base Station

On-site Maintenance Manual

On-site Maintenance Manual
Airbridge cBTS3612 CDMA Base Station	Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Daily Maintenance ...................................................		1-1
1.1	Base Station Configuration ............................................	1-1
1.2	Maintenance Instructions ...............................................	1-8
Chapter 2 General Fault Processing ........................................		2-1
2.1	MS Access Network Failure ...........................................	2-1
	2.1.1 Fault Description .................................................	2-1
	2.1.2 Troubleshooting ..................................................	2-1
2.2	Software Download Failure ............................................	2-9
	2.2.1 Fault Description .................................................	2-9
	2.2.2 Troubleshooting ..................................................	2-9
2.3	Base Station Initialization Failure..................................	2-11
	2.3.1 Fault Description ...............................................	2-11
	2.3.2 Troubleshooting ................................................	2-11
2.4	OML Failure................................................................	2-13
	2.4.1 Fault Description ...............................................	2-13
	2.4.2 Troubleshooting ................................................	2-13
2.5	Abis Signaling Link Failure ...........................................	2-17
	2.5.1 Fault Description ...............................................	2-17
	2.5.2 Troubleshooting ................................................	2-17
Chapter 3 Component Failure Handling...................................		3-1
3.1	Component Failure Description ......................................	3-1
	3.1.1 Component Failure Detection ...............................	3-1
	3.1.2 General Handling Procedure ................................	3-1
3.2	Handling of Common Board Failure ................................	3-5

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	3.2.1 Fault Description .................................................	3-5
	3.2.2 Troubleshooting ..................................................	3-5
3.3	BTS Control Interface Module (BCIM).............................	3-8
	3.3.1 Fault Description .................................................	3-8
	3.3.2 Troubleshooting ..................................................	3-8
3.4	BTS Control & Clock Module (BCKM) ...........................	3-10
	3.4.1 Fault Description ...............................................	3-10
	3.4.2 Troubleshooting ................................................	3-10
3.5	BTS Channel Process Module (BCPM).........................	3-12
	3.5.1 Fault Description ...............................................	3-12
	3.5.2 Troubleshooting ................................................	3-12
3.6	BTS Resource Distribution Module (BRDM)	.................. 3-14
	3.6.1 Fault Description ...............................................	3-14
	3.6.2 Troubleshooting ................................................	3-14
3.7	BTS Transceiver Module (BTRM) .................................	3-16
	3.7.1 Fault Description ...............................................	3-16
	3.7.2 Troubleshooting ................................................	3-17
3.8	BTS High Power Amplifier Unit (BHPA) ........................	3-20
	3.8.1 Fault Description ...............................................	3-20
	3.8.2 Troubleshooting ................................................	3-20
3.9	Receive LNA Distribution Unit (RLDU)..........................	3-23
	3.9.1 Fault Description ...............................................	3-23
	3.9.2 Troubleshooting ................................................	3-23
3.10 Power Supply Unit (PSU) ...........................................		3-25
	3.10.1 Fault Description .............................................	3-25
	3.10.2 Troubleshooting...............................................	3-25
3.11 The RF Antenna and Feeder ......................................		3-27
	3.11.1 Fault Description .............................................	3-27
	3.11.2 Troubleshooting...............................................	3-27

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3.12 Satellite Antenna and Feeder .....................................			3-28
	3.12.1 Fault Description .............................................		3-28
	3.12.2 Troubleshooting...............................................		3-28
Chapter 4 Component Replacement ........................................			4-1
4.1	Common Procedure of Replacement ..............................		4-1
	4.1.1 Board Replacement .............................................		4-1
	4.1.2 Backplane Replacement ......................................		4-4
4.2 Exceptional Procedure of Replacement ..........................			4-8
	4.2.1 BTS E1 Surge Protector (BESP) ..........................		4-8
	4.2.2 BTS Control & Clock Module (BCKM) ...................		4-9
	4.2.3 BTS Control Interface Module (BCIM) .................		4-10
	4.2.4 BTS Channel Process Module (BCPM) ...............		4-10
	4.2.5 BTS Resource Distribution Module (BRDM) ........		4-11
	4.2.6 BTS FAN Module (BFAN) ..................................		4-11
	4.2.7 Power Supply Unit (PSU) ...................................		4-12
	4.2.8 BTS RF Fan Module (BRFM) .............................		4-12
	4.2.9 BTS High Power Amplifier Unit (BHPA)...............		4-13
	4.2.10 BTS Transceiver Module (BTRM) .....................		4-14
	4.2.11 Receive LNA Distribution Unit (RLDU) ..............		4-15
	4.2.12 Duplexer Unit (CDU, DFU, DDU) ......................		4-16
	4.2.13 Optical Fiber Replacement ...............................		4-18
Chapter 5 Component Indicators.............................................			5-1
5.1	BTS Control & Clock Module (BCKM) .............................		5-1
5.2	BTS Control Interface Module (BCIM).............................		5-2
5.3	BTS Channel Process Module (BCPM)...........................		5-3
5.4	BTS Resource Distribution Module (BRDM)	....................	5-4
5.5	BTS Transceiver Module (BTRM) ...................................		5-5
5.6	BTS RF Fan Module (BRFM) .........................................		5-6
5.7	Receive LNA Distribution Unit (RLDU)............................		5-7

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5.8 Power Supply Unit (PSU)...............................................	5-7
5.9 Base station Power & Lightening protection Lamp Indicator
board (BPLI).......................................................................	5-8
5.10 BTS Fan Monitor Module (BFMM) ................................	5-9
Chapter 6 Switches & Interfaces..............................................	6-1
6.1 BTS Control Interface Module (BCIM).............................	6-1
6.2 Receive LNA Distribution Unit (RLDU)............................	6-3
6.3 Cabinet-Top E1 Interface...............................................	6-3

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Airbridge cBTS3612 CDMA Base Station	Chapter 1 Daily Maintenance

Chapter 1 Daily Maintenance

1.1 Base Station Configuration

Base station configuration includes site configuration, antenna and feeder configuration and cabinet configuration. Please refer to Table 1-1 for details about site configuration, Table 1-2 about antenna and feeder configuration, and Figure 1-1, Figure 1-2, Figure 1-3, Figure 1-4 and Table 1-3 about cabinet configuration

Table 1-1 Site configuration

Items

contents

Remarks

Site name

Site Configuration

Transmission Mode

Cascading relation

&Note:

1.For the Site configuration, the site type and configuration mode are required to be specified, for example: cBTS3612 S(2/2/2).

2.If there is a cascading relation among the base stations, specify the name of the stations on the upper level and lower level.

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Table 1-2 Antenna and feeder configuration and radio frequency indexes

			Contents				Remarks
Item
	Sector	Sector	Sector	Sector	Sector	Sector
	1	2	3	4	5	6
Carrier
transmit
power
Standing
wave ratio
Antenna
position
angle/down-
pitch angle

&Note:

1.If the station is to be configured as an omni-directional cell, specify the antenna and feeder information in Sector 1.

2.The carrier transmit power is that measured on top of the cabinet after the station is officially set up and running.

3.The standing wave ratio is that measured at the RF jumper connector (the end connecting to the CDU or DFU or DDU panel) in the cabinet with a standing wave ratio measurer.

For the cabinet configuration information, please specify in the relevant spaces in Figure 1-1, Figure 1-2, Figure 1-3 and Figure 1-4 the names of the boards and modules (use acronyms wherever possible).

For the baseband subrack of the basic cabinet, specify in the relevant space in Figure 1-2, (baseband subrack in Figure 1-1 can

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be left blank). Since the extension cabinet has no baseband subrack, it can be ignored.

Additionally, Table 1-3 also needs to be completed, which is to make supplemental description of some of the boards or modules, switch box can be ignored.

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Switch Box
The basebandpartpart isisspecifiedininFigure1-22	Baseband subrack
	Fan subrack
	Power subrack
	RF subrack
	RLDU subrack
	CDU/DFU subrack
	RF subrack

Figure 1-1 Basic cabinet configuration

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	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	1718	19	20	21

Figure 1-2 Configuration of baseband subrack of basic cabinet

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Switch Box

The baseband subrack of the extension cabinet basebandpart is specified in Figure 2

has no board configuration, leave it blank.

Baseband subrack

Fan subrack

Power subrack

RF subrack

RLDU subrack

CDU/DFU subrack

RF subrack

Figure 1-3 No.1 extension cabinet configuration

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Switch Box

The baseband subrack of the extension cabinet basebandpart is specified in Figure 2

has no board configuration, leave it blank.

Baseband subrack

Fan subrack

Power subrack

RF subrack

RLDU subrack

CDU/DFU subrack

RF subrack

Figure 1-4 No.2 extension cabinet configuration

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Table 1-3 Supplemental description of cabinet configuration

Item	Contents		Remarks
		Specify whether the DIP
		switch and jumper are for
BCIM		120 Ù twisted pair line or for
		75	Ù coaxial cable.
		Specify the DIP switch and
		jumper's position.
BRDM
		Detail the optical interface
		application, for example:
		which optical interfaces are
		used, and their relations
		(including the connection of
		the BTRM of extension
BTRM		cabinet with the BRDM of
		the basic cabinet).
RLDU		Specify the location of S/W
		switch on the panel.

1.2 Maintenance Instructions

The following steps are for your reference. Generally step 1, 2 and 3 (equipment room environment check, cabinet interior check and dial-up test) are the basic steps required. For a thorough maintenance, you may go through the step 4, 5 and 6 (power supply check, lightening-proof & grounding measures and antenna and feeder check).

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I. Equipment room environment check
Table 1-4 Equipment room environment check
Items	Instructions			Caution-demanding issues
Anti-theft	Check if there is any sign of burglary or
measures	equipment damage
	1. Check if the air-conditioning is
Temperature	running properly.			Temperature range: -5âC
	2. Check the thermometer readings in
				~+50âC
	the equipme nt room (if there is no
	thermometer, have one installed)
	1. Check if there is any sign of water
Humidity	seepage.			Humidity range: 5%~90%.
	2. C heck the humidiometer readings in
	the equipment room (if there is no
	humidiometer, have one installed)
	1. Check if there is any visible floating			Take measures to eliminate
				the dust source, if the dust
Dust-proof	dust in the equipment room.
				filter has collected too many
performance	2. Open the cabinet door and check the
				dusts, follow the instructions
	dust filter
				below to clean or change it.
				If the above-mentioned items
				are monitored by an alarm
				collection device, when there
				is a problem with these items
Alarm	According to the actual condition of the			but the alarm collection
	alarm collection device, check the alarm			device fails to generate an
collection
	performance for access control,			alarm on it, that device may
device check
	temperature, humidity and smoke, etc.			have run out of order. In
				such case, please refer to
				the relevant manuals for
				proper measures to cope
				with it.

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II. Cabinet interior check

Table 1-5 Cabinet Interior check

	Items	Instructions	Caution-demanding
			issues
		1. Check if the baseband subrack fan is
	Fans	running properly.	1. To judge if the parts
		2. Check if the RF module fan is running
			are working properly,
		properly.
			refer to "Chapter 5
		1. Check if the indicators of all boards and
			Component
		modules are working properly.
			Indicators".
		2. Check all the RF modules and units
			2. If there is anything
		(including BTRM, BHPA, RLDU,
	Board or		wrong, please refer to
		CDU/DFU/DDU): whether all the modules or
	module		"Chapter 3
		units are secured in position, screws in the
			Component Failure
		panels are properly tightened. Make sure the
			Handling" for advice
		panel is in a seamless contact with the front of
		cabinet subrack.

III. Dial-up test

Table 1-6 Dial-up test

	Items	Instructions	Caution-demanding
			issues
		1. Conduct dial-up tests on the base station in
		each sector or cell.	If you come across a
	Dial-up test	2. During the dial-up test, move from sector to	problem during the
	around the	sector and check if the handoff is successful.	test, please refer to
	base station	3. Check the power indication of the test	"Chapter 2 General
		mobile station, find out if the base station	Fault Processing" and
		power is up to the requirements.	"Chapter 3
			Component Failure
		Conduct dial-up tests within the coverage area
	Driving test	to test the base station covering range as well	Handling".
		as the handoff function.

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IV. Power supply check
Table 1-7 Power supply check
Items			Instructions			Caution-demanding issues
			1. Use a multimeter to measure the		1. Range of input voltage: -40V ~
					60V.
Primary			voltage at the power inlet.		2. Normally the power indicators
Power Supply			2. Check the -48V power indicator		should be on all the time.
(AC/DC)			3. Check the indicator of lightening		3. Normally the indicator of
			arrester		lightening arrester should be off
					all the time.
			1. Check on the maintenance		1. Normally there should be no
Secondary					PSU alarm
			console if there is an alarm for		2. To judge whether the PSU is
power supply
			PSU.		working properly, refer to
(PSU)
			2. Check the PSU panel indicator		"Chapter 5			Component
					Indicators".
V. Lightening-proof and grounding check
Table 1-8 Lightening-proof and grounding check
Items			Instructions				Caution-demanding issues
		1. Check if the grounding clip is connected
		properly w ith the grounding devices (such as					A multimeter can be used to
		an iron tower, outdoor cabling rack and
Outdoor		outdoor grounding bar, etc.)					help judge if the grounding is
		2. Check if the outdoor grounding bar is					OK.
		connected properly with the grounding
		objects.
		1. Check if the indoor equipment (such as the
		cabinet-top PE grounding bar, indoor cabling					A multimeter can be used to
		rack) are connected properly with the indoor
Indoor		grounding bar.					help judge if the grounding is
		2. Check if the indoor grounding bar is					OK
		connected properly with the grounding
		objects.

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VI. Antenna and feeder check
Table 1-9 Antenna and feeder check
Items	Instructions		Caution-demanding issues
	1. Check on the maintenance
	console whether there is an alarm		1. Antenna and feeder consists
	related to the antenna and feeder
	(such as a standing wave ratio		of the RF antenna and feeder
	alarm).		and satellite antenna and feeder.
	2. Check if the Antenna and feeder is		2. For information about the
	installed and secured properly.		position angle of the directional
Antenna	3. Check if the position angle of the		antenna, please refer to “1.1
	directional antenna of the RF		Base Station Configuration”.
and feeder	antenna and feeder is set correctly		3. Whether the feeder and
	(If there is a directional antenna).		connector of the RF antenna and
	4. Check if the feeder connector is		feeder are damaged can be
	damaged.		detected by the SiteMaster
	5. Check if the lightening arrester are		4. Whether there is visible
	damaged (one is in the device box		damage to the surface of the
	on the antenna rack, the other is at		lightening arrester.
	the GPS interface on the top of the
	cabinet).

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Airbridge cBTS3612 CDMA Base Station	Processing

Chapter 2 General Fault Processing

2.1 MS Access Network Failure

When the MS is powered on, it will go through the following processes: system determination substate, pilot channel acquisition substate, sync channel acquisition substate, timing change substate and finally enter the mobile station idle state and receive the correct system message within the specific time. Only after going through all these processes, can the MS access the network and work properly.

2.1.1 Fault Description

The MS is unable to access the CDMA network after powered

on.

2.1.2 Troubleshooting

First make sure the MS parameters (such as basic frequency, assistant frequency, and SID, NID etc.) have been correctly set, and then go through the following processes one by one to locate and eliminate problems.

I. Check if the BTS is running properly

As BTS is not running, the MS will not be able to connect to the network. The reasons that BTS is not running could be:

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1)The BTS equipment is in a faulty condition, which will result in the BTS start-up failure.

2)The BTS is not configured with correct parameters, which will also result in the BTS start-up failure.

Please refer to “2.3 Base Station Initialization Failure” for fault elimination measures.

II. Check if there is anything wrong with the Abis signaling

link

Abis signaling link failure will also result in the MS network connection failure.

1) After the BTS start -up, if the Abis signaling link goes wrong, BSC will be unable to perform logic configuration on BTS, which will result in the MS network connection failure.

2) If the BTS has obtained the correct logic configuration, when the Abis signaling link goes wrong, the BTS will turn off the transmitting signal of the BTRM to which all its sector carrier frequencies correspond. This will result in the MS network connection failure.

Through querying the current alarms of the BTS on the OMC console or BTS local maintenance console, find out if there is an “Abis signaling link failure” alarm.

Please refer to “2.5 Abis Signaling Link Failure” for fault elimination measures.

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III. Check if the cell has obtained the BSC logical configuration

1) If the cell has not obtained the logic configuration, i.e. common channels for pilot frequency, synchronization, paging common channels, etc. has not been established or an overhead message update has not been performed, the MS will of course not be able to connect to the network.

Check the configuration progress report for this cell in the “BTS status” window on the OMC console: if there is no such progress reports as “Common channel established successfully” and “Overhead message updated successfully”, that means the logic configuration for this cell has not completed.

2) Sometimes the unavailability of certain physical equipment, or some operation mistakes (such as deleting a device by mistake) will result in the cell being deleted and the MS being unable to connect to the network.

Check the configuration progress report for this cell in the “BTS status” window on the OMC console: if there is a progress report saying “Cell deleted”, that means the cell has been deleted.

If the cell has not obtained the logic configuration, we need to verify the following items by checking the relevant indicators, board status and alarm messages, etc.:

•Whether the BTRM used in this cell is working properly;

•Whether the BCPM used in this cell is working properly;

•Whether the corresponding BRDM is working properly;

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•Whether the optical fiber of the BTRM and BRDM is connected properly;

•Whether the BCIM is working properly;

•Whether the Abis signaling link is working properly;

•Whether the BSC is working properly;

•Whether the parameters in the BTS and BSC are in correct corresponding relations.

If there is a problem detected in a certain step, refer to the relevant chapter for proper handling measures, for example, if there is problem with the BTRM, go to “3.7 BTS Transceiver Module (BTRM )” for proper measures.

IV. Cell is blocked

If we can see from the OMC console that the logic configuration for the cell has been completed, but the MS still can not connect to the network, we can then check whether this cell has been blocked.

When a cell is blocked, the BTS will turn off the transmitting signal of the BTRM, to which the carrier of this cell corresponds, which will result in the MS network connection failure.

We can use command “DSP BTSBRDSTAT” to query the BTRM status on the OMC console and find out if the BTRM to which this cell corresponds is blocked.

If the cell is blocked, the mobile station will not be able to connect to the network until the user unblock the cell.

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V. Check receiving channel

If we can see from the OMC console the logic configuration for the cell has been completed, but the MS still can not connect to the network, we can then check whether the receiving channel is working properly.

If the BTS receiving channel is not working properly, it will result in heavy bit errors. As a result, the MS will lose network connection frequently. When the MS switches on, it will send a switch-on registration message to the BTS. Due to the receiving channel failure, the BTS is unable to receive the registration message and thus will not send the response back to the MS, this will result in the MS registration failure. When the registration fails, the MS will enter the system confirmation substate and start recapturing the network, when the network is captured, the MS will again activate the switch-on registration… this will go on and the MS is still unable to connect to the network.

We can use the CDMA test MS to trace the air interface message: if the MS has sent the registration message and does not receive the BTS response, the BTS inverse receiving channel must be faulty.

If there is a problem with the receiving channel, we can go through the following steps as well as checking the relevant indicators, board status and alarm messages, etc. to locate it:

•Whether the CDU (or DFU, or DDU), RLDU and BTRM are secured in place, or whether the panel screws are all tightened;

•Whether the antenna and feeder is connected properly;

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•Whether the RLDU is power on and works properly;

•Whether the RLDU panel configuration selection switch “S/W” is in the correct position. Refer to “Table 6-2 Description of RLDU switches” for details about it;

•Whether the BTRM is working properly;

•Whether the BCPM is working properly;

•Whether the BTS physical configuration is correct, including the parameters of the cell and inverse searching parameters, etc.

If there is a problem detected in a certain step, refer to the relevant chapter for proper handling measures, for example, if there is problem with the BTRM, go to “3.7 BTS Transceiver Module (BTRM )” for proper handling measures.

VI. Check transmitting channel

The BTRM, BHPA, CDU (or DFU, or DDU) and the antenna and feeder constitute the transmitting channel. The malfunctioning of transmitting channel will result in no BTS signal output or abnormal BTS signal output. In such case, we can still find on the OMC console that the logic configuration for the cell has been completed, but the MS will not be able to connect to the network. We can then go through the following steps as well as checking the relevant indicators, board status and alarm messages, etc. to locate the problem:

•Whether the CDU (or DFU, or DDU), BHPA and BTRM are secured in place, or whether the panel screws are all tightened;

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•Whether the transmission driving component of the BTRM is working properly;

•Whether the CDU (or DFU, DDU) is working properly.

•Whether the connection between the BTRM and BHPA is secure;

•Whether the BHPA is working properly;

•Whether the connection between the BHPA and CDU (or DFU, DDU) is secure;

•Whether the feeder connection from the CDU (or DFU, DDU) to the top of the cabinet is secure;

•Whether the feeder connection from the top of the cabinet to the antenna is secure;

•Whether the blind mate in each module of the transmitting channel are secured in place.

•Whether the antenna is installed correctly;

•Whether there is a standing wave ratio alarm;

If there is a problem detected in a certain step, refer to the relevant chapter for proper handling measures, for example, if there is a problem with the BTRM, go to “3.7 BTS Transceiver Module (BTRM )” for proper handling measures.

VII. Check cell gain & common channel gain configuration

If we can see from the OMC console the logic configuration for the cell has been completed, but the MS still can not connect to the network, we can then check whether the gain parameters setting is correct when we configured the cell.

When configuring the cell, we need to configure the sector gain, carrier gain, pilot frequency signal gain, synchronization channel gain

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and paging channel gain, etc. If these parameters are not properly set (for example: they are set too low), the MS will not be able to capture the common channel and thus will not be able to connect to the network.

With the help of Abis-interface message tracing tool, find out whether the gain parameters carried in the Abis-Cell Setup message are correct, if not, reconfigure the BSC data configuration table.

VIII. Check overhead message

If we can see from the OMC console the logic configuration for the cell has been completed, but the MS still can not connect to the network, we can then check whether the overhead message is correct.

When the MS enters the idling status, it needs to receive all the overhead message set up by the system, which include at least the following five:

The synchronization message, access parameter message, system parameter message, CDMA channel list message, Neighbor List Message. Other overhead message may vary with the network parameter settings.

If any one of the above system messages is not received, the MS will not be able to connect to the network.

Additionally, the value setting in each of the parameters in the message will directly affect the MS network connection, therefore please be careful.

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With the help of the air interface signaling analyzer, it can be determined whether the MS has received all the system messages. Also, check whether the value setting in each of the parameters in the message is correct. If not, modify the BSC parameter configuration table and perform the overhead message update again.

2.2 Software Download Failure

2.2.1 Fault Description

Software download problems includes software download failure, maintenance console prompting failure or there being no correct prompt messages generated.

2.2.2 Troubleshooting

Software download failure may be caused by the following two factors: FTP client login failure and file loading abnormally terminated by the board.

I. FTP client login failure

1) First check if the BOOTP process of the OMU is running properly:

The OMU requests the BTS IP address via BOOTP. If this process fails, the BTS IP address will not be obtained, and of course it will not be able to log in to the FTP server of BAM. Generally the BOOTP failure may be caused by a blocked link, incorrect routing or

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configuration errors, etc. We need to locate and eliminate these problems one by one. Refer to “2.4 OML Failure” for details.

2) The FTP server in the BAM is not configured correctly.

The most critical cause to such problem is the FTP server configuration errors. The FTP server configuration includes the following four items: username, user password, user access path and access authority. Incorrect configuration of any of these four items may lead to user login failure and software loading failure.

The setting of the above four items are shown below:

Username:	OMU
Password:	OMU
Access path:	It must include the paths specified in the software uploading and
	downloading commands.
Access authority:	The paths for software uploading must be set as both readable and
	writable.

II. File loading terminated abnormally by the board

All the files should carry the correct file header in the specific format as required. The file ID and file version in the header should match that in the activation commands released by the OMC, otherwise the board may consider the software to be downloaded is not what is expected and thus prompt exceptional errors.

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2.3 Base Station Initialization Failure

2.3.1 Fault Description

When the base station is powered on, the system initialization aborts, which leads to the BTS start-up failure.

If such problem occurs, the RUN indicators on some boards will flash rapidly.

2.3.2 Troubleshooting

There are many causes to the BTS initialization failure, and they can be summarized into the following aspects to help us locate them:

I. Link failure

The precondition of successful BTS initialization is the successful establishment of ATM link between the BCIM in the BTS and the XIE board in the BSC, i.e. the BCIM in the BTS should be able to intercept the link configuration of the XIE board in the BSC and establish the corresponding IMA/UNI. If the data configuration in the BSC is incorrect (or relevant physical link is not configured), the BCIM will not be able to intercept the link configuration and thus lead to the link establishment failure.

What’s more, the BOOTP process failure and OML establishment failure will also lead to the BTS initialization failure. Please refer to “2.4 OML Failure” for details.

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