User manual
MACROTESTG3 – COMBIG3
Copyright HT ITALIA 2014 Release EN 1.01 27/03/2014
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
Table of contents:
1. PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY MEASURES ............................................................... 3
1.1. Preliminary instructions ..................................................................................................... 3
1.2. During use ......................................................................................................................... 4
1.3. After use ............................................................................................................................ 4
1.4. Definition of measurement (overvoltage) category ............................................................ 4
2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................... 5
2.1. Foreword ........................................................................................................................... 5
2.2. Instrument functions .......................................................................................................... 6
3. PREPARATION FOR USE ........................................................................................... 7
3.1. Initial checks ...................................................................................................................... 7
3.2. Instrument power supply ................................................................................................... 7
3.3. Calibration ......................................................................................................................... 7
3.4. Storage .............................................................................................................................. 7
4. NOMENCLATURE ........................................................................................................ 8
4.1. Instrument description ....................................................................................................... 8
4.2. Description of measuring leads ......................................................................................... 8
4.3. Keyboard description ......................................................................................................... 9
4.4. Display description ............................................................................................................ 9
4.5. Initial screen ...................................................................................................................... 9
5. GENERAL MENU ....................................................................................................... 10
5.1. Instrument settings .......................................................................................................... 10
5.1.1. Language ............................................................................................................................... 10
5.1.2. Automatic Power OFF for display and key sound ................................................................. 11
5.1.3. System ................................................................................................................................... 11
5.1.4. Operator name entry .............................................................................................................. 11
5.1.5. System date/time setting ........................................................................................................ 11
6. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ................................................................................... 12
6.1. LOW: Continuity of protective conductors .................................................................... 12
6.1.1. Anomalous situations ............................................................................................................. 15
6.2. M: Measurement of insulation resistance ..................................................................... 16
6.2.1. Anomalous situations ............................................................................................................. 19
6.3. RCD: Test on differential switches .................................................................................. 20
6.3.1. AUTO mode ........................................................................................................................... 24
6.3.2. x½, x1, x2, x5 modes ............................................................................................................. 25
6.3.3. Mode x1 – Test on RCDs with delay time .............................................................................. 25
6.3.4. Mode ................................................................................................................................. 26
6.3.5. Test on earth leakage relay RCD .......................................................................................... 27
6.3.6. Anomalous situations ............................................................................................................. 28
6.4. LOOP: Line impedance/Loop and overall earth resistance ............................................. 31
6.4.1. Test types ............................................................................................................................... 33
6.4.2. STD Mode – Generic test ...................................................................................................... 34
6.4.3. Mode kA – Verify of breaking capacity of protection device .................................................. 37
6.4.4. Mode I2t – Verify of protection against short-circuit ............................................................... 39
6.4.5. Mode - Verify of protection coordination ..................................................................... 42
6.4.6. Verify of protection against indirect contacts (TN system) .................................................... 44
6.4.7. Verify of protection against indirect contacts (IT systems) .................................................... 46
6.4.8. Verify of protection against indirect contacts (TT systems) ................................................... 47
6.4.9. Impedance measurement by means of the accessory IMP57 .............................................. 49
6.4.10. Anomalous situations ............................................................................................................. 51
6.5. SEQ: Phase sequence and phase concordance test ...................................................... 53
6.5.1. Anomalous situations ............................................................................................................. 56
6.6. LEAKAGE: Leakage current measurement ..................................................................... 57
6.7. EARTH: Measurement of earth resistance ...................................................................... 59
6.7.1. 3-wire or 2-wire earth measurement and 4-wire ground resistivity ....................................... 59
6.7.2. Earth measurement with optional clamp T2100 .................................................................... 65
6.7.3. Anomalous situations in 3-wire and 2-wire earth measurements .......................................... 68
6.8. AUX: Measure of ambient parameters through external probes ..................................... 69
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6.9. ΔV%: Voltage drop of main lines ..................................................................................... 71
6.9.1. Anomalous situations ............................................................................................................. 75
7. OPERATIONS WITH THE MEMORY ......................................................................... 77
7.1. Saving measurements ..................................................................................................... 77
7.2. Recalling measurements and deleting the memory ........................................................ 78
7.2.1. Anomalous situations ............................................................................................................. 79
8. CONNECTING THE INSTRUMENT TO A PC ............................................................ 80
8.1. Connection to iOS/Android devices through WiFi ........................................................... 80
9. MAINTENANCE .......................................................................................................... 81
9.1. General information ......................................................................................................... 81
9.2. Replacement of the batteries .......................................................................................... 81
9.3. Cleaning the instrument .................................................................................................. 81
9.4. End of life ........................................................................................................................ 81
10. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................. 82
10.1. Technical characteristics ................................................................................................. 82
10.2. Reference guidelines ....................................................................................................... 86
10.3. General characteristics .................................................................................................... 86
10.4. Environment .................................................................................................................... 86
10.4.1. Environmental conditions for use ........................................................................................... 86
10.5. Accessories ..................................................................................................................... 86
11. SERVICE .................................................................................................................... 87
11.1. Warranty conditions ......................................................................................................... 87
11.2. Service ............................................................................................................................ 87
12. THEORETICAL APPENDIXES ................................................................................... 88
12.1. Continuity of protective conductors ................................................................................. 88
12.2. Insulation resistance........................................................................................................ 89
12.3. Checking circuit separation ............................................................................................. 90
12.4. Test on differential switches (RCD) ................................................................................. 92
12.5. Verify of the breaking capacity of protection devices ...................................................... 93
12.6. Verify of protection against indirect contacts in TN systems ........................................... 94
12.7. Verify of protection against indirect contacts in TT systems ........................................... 96
12.8. Verify of protection against indirect contacts in IT systems ............................................. 97
12.9. Verify of protection coordination L-L, L-N and L-PE ........................................................ 98
12.10. Verify of the protection against short circuits – Test I2t ................................................. 100
12.11. Verification of voltage drop on main lines ...................................................................... 101
12.12. Measurement of earth resistance in TN systems .......................................................... 101
12.12.1. Measurement of earth impedance by voltammetric method ............................................... 102
12.12.2. Ground resistivity measurement .......................................................................................... 104
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1. PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY MEASURES
The instrument has been designed in compliance with directives IEC/EN61557 and
IEC/EN61010-1 relevant to electronic measuring instruments. Before and after carrying out
the measurements, carefully observe the following instructions:
Do not carry out any voltage or current measurement in humid environments.
Do not carry out any measurements in case gas, explosive materials or flammables are
present, or in dusty environments.
Avoid any contact with the circuit being measured if no measurements are being
carried out.
Avoid contact with exposed metal parts, with unused measuring probes, etc.
Do not carry out any measurement in case you find anomalies in the instrument such
as deformations, breaks, substance leaks, absence of display on the screen, etc.
Pay special attention when measuring voltages higher than 25V in special
environments (such as construction sites, swimming pools, etc.) and higher than 50V in
normal environments, since a risk of electrical shock exists.
Only use original HT accessories.
The following symbols are used in this manual:
CAUTION: observe the instructions given in this manual; improper use could
damage the instrument, its components or create dangerous situations for the
operator.
High voltage danger: electrical shock hazard.
Double insulation
AC voltage or current
DC voltage or current
Connection to earth
The symbol indicates that the instrument must not be connected to systems with
phase-to-phase rated delta voltage higher than 415V.
1.1. PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS
This instrument has been designed for use in the environmental conditions specified in
§ 10.4.1. Do not use in different environmental conditions.
The instrument may be used for measuring and verifying the safety of electrical
systems. Do not use on systems exceeding the limit values specified in § 10.3.
We recommend following the normal safety rules devised to protect the user against
dangerous currents and the instrument against incorrect use.
Only the accessories supplied with the instrument guarantee compliance with safety
standards. They must be in good conditions and be replaced with identical models,
when necessary.
Make sure the batteries are correctly installed.
Before connecting the test leads to the circuit being measured, check that the desired
function has been selected.
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1.2. DURING USE
Please carefully read the following recommendations and instructions:
CAUTION
Failure to comply with the caution notes and/or instructions may damage
the instrument and/or its components or be a source of danger for the
operator.
Before changing function, disconnect the test leads from the circuit under test.
When the instrument is connected to the circuit under test, never touch any terminal,
even if unused.
Avoid measuring resistance if external voltages are present. Even if the instrument is
protected, excessive voltage could cause damage.
While measuring current, place the clamp jaws as far as possible from the conductors
not involved in the measurement, as the magnetic field they produce could interfere
with the measuring operations and place the conductor as much as possible in the
center of the jaws to maximize accuracy.
1.3. AFTER USE
When measurements are completed, turn off the instrument by pressing and holding the
ON/OFF key for some seconds. If the instrument is not to be used for a long time, remove
the batteries and follow the instructions given in § 3.4.
1.4. DEFINITION OF MEASUREMENT (OVERVOLTAGE) CATEGORY
Standard "IEC/EN61010-1: Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement,
control and laboratory use, Part 1: General requirements” defines what measurement
category, commonly called overvoltage category, is. § 6.7.4: Measured circuits, reads:
circuits are divided into the following measurement categories:
Measurement category IV is for measurements performed at the source of a low-
voltage installation.
Examples are electricity meters and measurements on primary overcurrent protection
devices and ripple control units.
Measurement category III is for measurements performed on installations inside
buildings.
Examples are measurements on distribution boards, circuit breakers, wiring, including
cables, bus-bars, junction boxes, switches, socket-outlets in fixed installation, and
equipment for industrial use and some other equipment, for example, stationary motors
with permanent connection to fixed installation.
Measurement category II is for measurements performed on circuits directly
connected to the low-voltage installation.
Examples are measurements on household appliances, portable tools and similar
equipment.
Measurement category I is for measurements performed on circuits not directly
connected to MAINS.
Examples are measurements on circuits not derived from MAINS, and specially
protected (internal) MAINS-derived circuits. In the latter case, transient stresses are
variable; for that reason, the standard requires that the transient withstand capability of
the equipment is made known to the user.
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2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
2.1. FOREWORD
If used according to the instructions given in this manual, the instrument you have just
purchased will guarantee accurate and reliable measures. This manual refers to
MACROTESTG3 and COMBIG3 models. The characteristics of the models are listed in
the following Table 1: In the whole manual, the word “instrument” generically indicates
MACROTESTG3 model, unless otherwise indicated.
Icon Acronym Measurement description MACROTESTG3 COMBIG3
Continuity test of earth, protective and
RPE
M
RCD
LOOP
equipotential conductors with test current
higher than 200mA and open-circuit voltage
between 4V and 24V.
Measurement of insulation resistance with
continuous test voltage of 50V, 100V, 250V,
500V or 1000V
Tests on molded case RCD (STD) and without
integral current breaking device RCD (
General and Selective of type AC ( ), A
( ) and B ( ) of the following parameters:
Tripping time
Tripping current
Contact voltage
Measurement of overall earth resistance in
sockets with no residual current protection
tripping (Ra
impedance and of fault loop (Loop P-N, P-P, PPE) with calculation of the assumed shortcircuit current (Ipsc) in Standard or IMP57
mode (with high resolution by means of optional
accessory IMP57)
) and measurement of line
)
Measurement of earth impedance and ground
EARTH
SEQ
AUX
LEAKAGE
ΔV%
resistivity by voltammetric method and
measurement by using optional clamp T2100
Detection of phase rotation in a generic threephase system with 2- or 1-terminal measuring
method
Measurement of environmental parameters
(Temperature, Humidity, Illuminance) by using
optional probes
Real-time measurement of leakage current by
using optional clamp HT96U
Measurement of percentage voltage drop on
mains lines
Optional
Table 1: Characteristics of models
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2.2. INSTRUMENT FUNCTIONS
The instrument is equipped with a TFT color LCD display, with capacitive "touch-screen"
that can be handled simply with the touch of a finger by the user and is structured with an
icon-based menu allowing the direct selection of measurement functions for quick and
intuitive use.
The instrument can perform the following tests (compatibly with the characteristics
described in Table 1):
RPE Continuity test of earth, protective and equipotential conductors with test
current higher than 200mA and open-circuit voltage between 4V and 24V
M Measurement of insulation resistance with continuous test voltage of 50V,
100V, 250V, 500V or 1000V DC
RCD Test on molded case RCD (Standard – STD) and on earth leakage relay
RCD ( ) General (G), Selective (S) and Delayed ( ) of type A ( )
and AC ( ) and B ( ) of the following parameters: tripping time,
tripping current, contact voltage
LOOP Measurement of line impedance/Loop P-N, P-P, P-E with calculation of
the assumed short-circuit current, also with high resolution (0.1m) (by
means of optional accessory IMP57), overall earth resistance without
causing the RCD tripping, check of the interruption capacity of
magnetothermal protections (MCB) and fuses, I2t test, protection check
in case of indirect contacts
EARTH Measurement of earth impedance and ground resistivity by
voltammetric method and by an external clamp connected to the
instrument (optional accessory T2100) (MACROTESTG3 or COMBIG3
enabled)
SEQ Indication of phase sequence with 2- or 1-terminal method
AUX Measurement of environmental parameters (illuminance, air temperature,
humidity) by means of optional external probes and DC voltage signals
LEAKAGE Measurement of leakage current (by means of the optional accessory
HT96U)
ΔV% Measurement of percentage voltage drop on main lines
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3. PREPARATION FOR USE
3.1. INITIAL CHECKS
Before shipping, the instrument has been checked from an electric as well as mechanical
point of view. All possible precautions have been taken so that the instrument is delivered
undamaged. However, we recommend checking it to detect any damage possibly suffered
during transport. In case anomalies are found, immediately contact the Dealer.
We also recommend checking that the packaging contains all the components indicated in
§ 10.5. In case of discrepancy, please contact the Dealer. In case the instrument should
be returned, please follow the instructions given in § 11.
3.2. INSTRUMENT POWER SUPPLY
The instrument is powered by 6 1.5V alkaline batteries of type AA LR06 or 6 1.2V NiMH
rechargeable batteries of type AA LR06 supplied with the instrument. Rechargeable
batteries can be recharged with the external chargers provided with the instrument too.
The green “ ” symbol indicates a sufficient charge level for the correct execution of
the tests. The red “ ” symbol indicates an insufficient charge level for the correct
execution of the tests. In this case, recharge the batteries (see § 9.2).
The instrument is capable of keeping data stored even without batteries.
The instrument has an AutoPower OFF function (which can be deactivated) after 5
minutes idling (see § 5.1.2).
3.3. CALIBRATION
The instrument has the technical specifications described in this manual. Its performance
is guaranteed for 12 months from the date of purchase.
3.4. STORAGE
In order to guarantee precise measurement, after a long storage time under extreme
environmental conditions, wait for the instrument to come back to normal condition (see §
10.4.1).
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4. NOMENCLATURE
4.1. INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION
CAPTION:
1. Inputs
2. LCD Touch screen display
3. Function keys F1, F2, F3, F4
4. ,, , / ENTER keys
5. Compartment of the connector
for optical cable/USB port
6. ESC key
7. GO/STOP key
8. HELP key
9. SAVE key
10. ON/OFF key
Fig. 1: Description of the front part of the instrument
Fig. 2: Description of the upper part of the instrument
Fig. 3: Description of the instrument's side
4.2. DESCRIPTION OF MEASURING LEADS
CAPTION:
1. Connector for remote probe
2. B1, B2, B3, B4 inputs
3. In1 input
CAPTION:
1. Connector for optical cable/USB
port and adapter optical/WiFi
C20103
CAPTION:
1. Hand protection
2. Safe area
Fig. 4: Description of measuring leads
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4.3. KEYBOARD DESCRIPTION
The keyboard includes the following keys:
ON/OFF key to switch on/off the instrument
ESC key to exit the selected menu without confirming
keys to move the cursor through the different screens in order
to select the desired programming parameters
HOME / ENTER key to back to general Menu on each moment
GO/STOP key to start the measurement
SAVE key to save the measured values
HELP key to access the online help and display the possible connections
F1, F2, F3, F4
between the instrument and the system for each selected function
Function keys corresponding to the activation of the four icons on the
bottom of the screen as an alternative to direct touch on the display
4.4. DISPLAY DESCRIPTION
The display is an LCD, 320x240pxl TFT color display with
capacitive touch screen whose icon-structure can be directly
selected with a simple touch. The first line of the display
indicates the type of active measurement, the date/time and
the battery charge indication.
4.5. INITIAL SCREEN
When switching on the instrument, the initial screen appears
for a few seconds. It shows:
The HT manufacturer's logo
The instrument model
The Firmware version of the two instrument's internal
microprocessors (Fw1 and Fw2)
The serial number (SN:) of the instrument
The date of instrument calibration (Calibration date:)
After a few seconds, the instrument switches to the general menu.
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5. GENERAL MENU
Pressing the ENTER key in any condition of the instrument allows to go back to the
general menu in which internal parameters may be set, the saved measures can be
displayed and the desired measuring function may be selected.
Fig. 5: General menu of the instrument
Touch the icon to move to the following page of the general menu and the icon to
go back to the previous page. Inside the screens, touch the icon to confirm a selection
or the icon to exit without confirming.
5.1. INSTRUMENT SETTINGS
Touch the icon. The screen to the side appears on the
display. The following settings are available:
System language setting
Setting of the type of electrical system
Operator name setting
System date/time setting
Activation/deactivation of display AutoPower OFF and of
key sound
Settings will be maintained also after switching off the
instrument.
5.1.1. Language
Touch the icon to select the system language. The
screen to the side appears on the display.
Select the desired language, confirm the choice and return
to the previous screen.
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5.1.2. Automatic Power OFF for display and key sound
Touch the icon. The screen to the side appears on the
display.
Move the slide bar reference of section " " down/up to
turn off/on the Automatic Power OFF of the instrument after
a period of inactivity of 5 minutes.
Move the slide bar reference of section " " down/up to
disable/enable the sound key when pressed. Confirm the
choices made and go back to the previous screen.
5.1.3. System
Touch the icon to select the type of electrical system
(TT, TN or IT), of the mains frequency (50Hz, 60Hz), of the
limit value for contact voltage (25V, 50V) and rated voltage
value to be used for calculating the assumed short-circuit
current (see §). The screen to the side appears on the
display.
Move the slide bar references to select the options. Confirm
the choices made and go back to the previous screen.
5.1.4. Operator name entry
Touch the icon to enter the name of the operator that
will be displayed in the header of each measurement
downloaded to PC. The screen to the side appears on the
display.
Set the desired name using the virtual keyboard (max 12
characters).
Confirm the settings or exit without saving.
5.1.5. System date/time setting
Touch the icon
to set the system date/time. The screen
to the side appears on the display.
Touch the "EU" icon for the European date/time system in the
format "DD/MM/YY hh:mm" or the "US" icon for the American
system in the format "MM/DD/YY hh:mm AM/PM".
Touch the up/down arrow keys to set the desired value.
Confirm the settings or exit without saving.
Current date/time is kept inside the instrument without
batteries for approximately 12 hours.
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6. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
6.1. LOW: CONTINUITY OF PROTECTIVE CONDUCTORS
This function is performed in compliance with standards IEC/EN61557-4 and allows
measuring the resistance of protective and equipotential conductors.
CAUTION
The instrument can be used for measurements on installations with overvoltage
category CAT III 240V to earth and CAT III 415V between inputs. Category CAT
III is suitable for measurements carried out on installations inside buildings with
low voltage (examples are distribution boards, wirings, switches, fixed installation
sockets, electric motors, industrial equipment).
We recommend holding the alligator clip respecting the safety area created by
the hand protection (see § 4.2).
Check that no voltage is present at the ends of the item to be tested before
carrying out a continuity test.
The results may be influenced by the presence of auxiliary circuits connected in
parallel with the item to be tested or by transient currents.
The following operating modes are available:
Compensation of the resistance of the cables used for measurement. The
instrument automatically subtracts the value of cable resistance from the
measured resistance value. Therefore, it is necessary that this value is
measured each time the measuring cables are changed or extended.
AUTO The instrument carries out two measurements with inverted polarity and
displays their average value. Recommended mode
The instrument carries out the measurement with the possibility of setting a
duration time for testing. The operator may set a sufficiently long measuring
time (between 1s and 99s) to be able to move the protective conductors while
the instrument is carrying out the test, in order to find out a possible bad
connection.
CAUTION
Continuity test is carried out by supplying a current higher than 200mA
in case the resistance does not exceed ca. 2 (including resistance of
the test cables). For higher resistance values, the instrument carries out
the test with a current lower than 200mA.
Fig. 6: Continuity test by means of single cables and remote lead
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1.
Touch the
icon. The screen to the side appears on
the display. The instrument automatically carries out the
test for the presence of voltage between the inputs
(shown on the display) and blocks the test in case of
voltage higher than 10V
Touch the “AUTO” icon to set the measuring mode. The
following screen appears on the display:
2. Move the slide bar reference in the positions "AUTO"
(Automatic mode) or "
" (Timer mode). Confirm the
choice by going back to the previous screen.
If Timer mode is selected, the following screen is shown:
3.
4.
Touch the icon to zero the value in the Timer field
and use the virtual keyboard to set the value in seconds
between 1s and 99s. Confirm the choice by going back to
the initial measurement screen.
Touch the icon "Rxx" to set the maximum limit value of
the resistance on which the instrument makes the
comparison with the measured value. The screen to the
side appears on the display.
Touch the
icon to zero the value in the “R” field.
Use the virtual keyboard to set the value between 1 and
99.
Confirm the choice by going back to the initial
measurement screen. Note the presence of the set limit
value.
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5. Perform, if necessary, the compensation of the measuring leads resistance by
connecting the cables or the remote lead as shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 7: Compensation of single cables and remote lead resistance
6. Touch the icon to activate the measurement. After
a few seconds, the instrument provides the screen to the
side if the operation is successful (Rcables 2); the
indication of the value is shown in the "Rcal" field and the
icon is shown on the display.
Touch the "AUTO" icon or " " to go back to the main
measurement screen.
CAUTION
Before connecting the test leads, make sure that there is no voltage at
the ends of the conductor to be tested.
7. Connect the alligator clips and/or test leads and/or remote lead to the conductor to
be tested as in Fig. 6.
CAUTION
Always make sure, before any measurement, that the compensation
resistance value is referred to the cables currently used. In case of
8.
Press the GO/STOP key on the instrument or the START key on the remote lead.
doubt, repeat points 5 and 6.
The instrument will start the measurement. During this whole stage, do not
disconnect the test leads of the instrument from the conductor under test. The
following screen appears on the display:
9. The value of the result is shown in the upper part of the
screen, while the partial values of the test with inverted
polarity of the test source in addition to the real test
currents are reported in the fields "R+" and "R-".
The symbol indicates the positive result of the
measurement.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
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10. At the end of the test, if the value of the measured
resistance is higher than the set limit, the screen to the
side is shown on the display.
The value is shown in red and the symbol indicates
the negative result of the measurement. The "> 99.9"
message indicates the instrument overload status.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
6.1.1. Anomalous situations
1.
In AUTO or " " modes if the instrument detects a
resistance lower than the set limit value but for which is it
not able to generate a current of 200mA, the screen to
the side is displayed.
The symbol is shown on the display and the values
of the real test current are indicated in red.
2. If in mode the instrument detects a resistance
higher than 2 at its terminals, it resets the offset value
and displays a screen like the one to the side. The
icon is shown on the display to indicate the calibration
reset value (i.e. performing the operation with open
terminals).
3. In case the instrument detects that the calibrated
resistance is higher that the measured resistance, the
instrument gives out a long sound and displays a screen
like the one to the side. The icon is shown on the
display to indicate the calibration reset value.
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6.2. M: MEASUREMENT OF INSULATION RESISTANCE
This function is performed in compliance with standards IEC/EN61557-2 and allows
measuring the insulation resistance between the active conductors and between each
active conductor and the earth.
CAUTION
The instrument can be used for measurements on installations with overvoltage
category CAT III 240V to earth and CAT III 415V between inputs. Category CAT
III is suitable for measurements carried out on installations inside buildings with
low voltage (examples are distribution boards, wirings, switches, fixed installation
sockets, electric motors, industrial equipment).
We recommend holding the alligator clip respecting the safety area created by
the hand protection (see § 4.2).
Check that the circuit being tested is not live and that all possible loads normally
The following operating modes are available:
AUTO The test is activated by the GO/STOP key of the instrument (or START of the
connected to it are disconnected before carrying out insulation measurement.
remote lead) and lasts 2 seconds. Recommended mode
The operator may set a sufficiently long measuring time (1s 999s) to be able
to move the test lead on the conductors being tested, while the instrument is
carrying out the test. For the whole measurement duration, the instrument will
give out a short sound every second. While measuring, if the insulation
resistance reaches a lower value than the set limit, the instrument will give a
continuous acoustic signal. To stop the test, press again the GO/STOP key on
the instrument or the START key on the remote lead.
Fig. 8: Insulation test between phase and earth by means of single cables and remote lead
Fig. 9: Insulation test between phase and earth by means of shuko plug
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1.
Touch the icon. The screen to the side appears on
the display. The instrument automatically carries out the
test for the presence of voltage between the inputs
(shown on the display) and blocks the test in case of
voltage higher than 10V
Touch the “AUTO” icon to set the measuring mode. The
following screen appears on the display:
2. Move the slide bar reference in the positions "AUTO"
(Automatic mode) or " " (Timer mode). Confirm the
choice by going back to the previous screen.
If Timer mode is selected, the following screen is
shown:
3.
Touch the icon to zero the value in the Timer field
and use the virtual keyboard to set the value in seconds
between 1s and 999s. Confirm the choice by going
back to the initial measurement screen.
4.
Touch the icon "Rxx" to set the minimum limit value
of the insulation resistance on which the instrument
makes the comparison with the measured value. The
screen to the side appears on the display.
Touch the icon to zero the value in the “R” field.
Use the virtual keyboard to set the value between
0.01M and 999M.
Confirm the choice by going back to the initial
measurement screen. Note the presence of the set limit
value.
5. Touch the "xxxxV" icon to set the test DC voltage in the
insulation measurement. The screen to the side
appears on the display.
Move the slide bar reference to the desired value for
test voltage by choosing among 50, 100, 250, 500,
1000VDC.
Confirm the choice by going back to the initial
measurement screen. Note the presence of the set limit
value.
EN - 17
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
CAUTION
Disconnect any cable not strictly involved in measurement and especially
check that no cable is connected to In1 input.
Before connecting the test leads, make sure that there is no voltage at the
ends of the conductors to be tested.
6. Connect the alligator clips and/or test leads and/or remote lead to the ends of the
conductors to be tested as in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.
7.
Press the GO/STOP key on the instrument or the START key on the remote lead. The
instrument will start the measurement.
CAUTION
During this whole stage, do not disconnect the test leads of the instrument
from the conductor under test. It could remain charged with a dangerous
voltage due to the stray capacitances in the circuit being tested.
8. Regardless of the operating mode selected, at the end of the measurement, the
instrument applies a resistance to the output leads to discharge the capacitances in the
circuit.
9.
In mode:
The final result is the minimum insulation value measured during the test
Pressing a second time the GO/STOP key or the START key on the remote lead
stops the test before the set time has elapsed.
10. The measurement result is shown both as a numeric
value and in the analog bar graph as shown in the
screen to the side. The values of the real test voltage
and the measurement time are present on the display.
The symbol indicates the positive result of the
measurement.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
11. At the end of the test, if the value of the measured
resistance is lower than the set limit, the screen to the
side is shown on the display.
The value is shown in red and the
symbol indicates
the negative result of the measurement.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6.2.1. Anomalous situations
1. If the instrument measures a resistance higher than
the set limit value but for which it is not able to generate
the rated voltage, the screen to the side is displayed.
The symbol is shown on the display and the values
of the real test voltage are indicated in red.
2. If the instrument detects a voltage value higher than
10V at its terminals, it does not carry out the test, gives
out a long sound and the screen reported here to the
side is displayed.
EN - 19
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6.3. RCD: TEST ON DIFFERENTIAL SWITCHES
This function is performed in compliance with standard IEC/EN61557-6 and allows
measuring the tripping time and current of molded case differential switches of type A ( ),
AC ( ) and B ( ), being General (G), Selective (S) and Delayed ( ). The instrument
allows performing tests on earth leakage relay RCDs with currents up to 10A (with optional
accessory RCDX10)
CAUTION
Some combinations of test parameters can be not available in compliance with
the technical specification of the instrument and the RCD tables (see § 10.1 –
the empty cells of RCD tables means not available situations)
The following operating connections are available to perforn the RCD test:
Testing the RCD tripping time causes its tripping. Therefore, check that there
are NO users or loads connected downstream of the differential switch
being tested which could be damaged by a system downtime.
Disconnect all loads connected downstream of the differential switch as they
could produce leakage currents further to those produced by the instrument,
thus invalidating the results of the test.
CAUTION
Fig. 10: Connection for single-phase 230V system by means of shuko plug
Fig. 11: Connection for single-phase 230V system with single cables and remote lead
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
Fig. 12: Connection for a 400V + N + PE three-phase system by means of single cables
and remote lead
Fig. 13: Connection for a 400V + N (no PE) three-phase system by means of single cables
and remote lead [no for RCD type B]
Fig. 14: Connection for a 400V + PE (no N) system with single cables and remote lead
Fig. 15: Connection to earth leakage relay RCDs with optional accessory RCDX10
EN - 21
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
1.
Touch the icon. The screen to the side appears
on the display.
Touch the icon to the left to set the RCD operating
mode. The following screen appears on the display:
2. Move the slide bar reference by selecting the
desired operating mode between the options: G
(General), S (Selective), (Delayed).
Confirm the choice by going back to the initial
measurement screen. Note the presence of the
chosen selection.
When selecting a Delayed RCD, the instrument
displays the following screen.
3.
Touch the icon to zero the value in the Timer
field and use the virtual keyboard to set the value
of RCD delay time in seconds between 1ms and
500ms. Confirm the choice by going back to the
initial measurement screen.
Touch the second icon to set the type of RCD, the
waveform and the tripping current. The following
screen appears on the display.
4. Move the left slide bar reference and select the
type of RCD between the following options: STD
(molded case RCD) and “ ” (earth leakage
delay RCD with use of optional accessory
RCDX10). In case of earth leakage relay RCD the
following screen appears on the display
EN - 22
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
5.
Touch the icon to zero the value in “A” field
and use the virtual keyboard to set the value of
rated current of earth leakage relay RCD. The
maximum rated current is 10.0A. Confirm the
choice by going back to the previous screen.
Move the second slide bar reference by selecting
the waveform of the differential switch between the
options: (type AC), (type A), (type B).
For RCD of molded case type STD move the third
slide bar reference by selecting the desired rated
current of the differential switch between the
options: 10, 30, 100, 300, 500, 650, 1000mA
Confirm the choice by going back to the initial
measurement screen. Note the presence of the
chosen selections
6. Touch the third icon at the bottom of display and
select the desired type of test among the following
options:
x ½ Manual with multiplier ½ Idn
x 1 Manual with multiplier 1Idn
x 2 Manual with multiplier 2Idn
x 5 Manual with multiplier 5Idn
AUTO Automatic mode (6 tests in
sequence)
Ramp (measurement of the real tripping
current)
Move the right slide bar reference by selecting the
polarity of the test current between the options: 0°
(direct polarity), 180° (inverted polarity), 0°-180°
(for Automatic mode only). Confirm the choice by
going back to the initial measurement screen. Note
the presence of the chosen selections
7. Touch the fourth icon at the bottom of the display
and select the possible visualization of the contact
voltage value at the end of measurement. The
following options are possible:
The value of contact voltage is shown
on the display at the end of measurement
The value of contact voltage is not
shown on the display at the end of
measurement. The symbol “- - -“ is shown by
the instrument in this condition
8. Insert the green, blue and black connectors of the three-pin shuko plug into the
relevant instrument input terminals B3, B4, B1. As an alternative, use the single cables
and apply the relevant alligator clips to the free ends of the cables. It is also possible to
use the remote lead by inserting its multipolar connector into the input lead B1.
Connect the shuko plug, the alligator clips or the remote lead to the electrical mains
according to Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13 and Fig. 14.
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
A
6.3.1. AUTO mode
9.
Press the GO/STOP key on the instrument or the
START key on the remote lead. The instrument will
start the measurement.
The screen to the side is shown on the display when
the hourglass icon indicates the performance of the
test.
10 The AUTO mode foresees the automatic execution of 6
measurements in a sequence:
IdN x 1 with phase 0° (the RCD must trip,reset the
switch, icon )
IdN x 1 with phase 180° (the RCD must trip,reset
the switch, icon )
IdN x 5 with phase 0° (the RCD must trip,reset the
switch, icon )
IdN x 5 with phase 180° (the RCD must trip,reset
the switch, icon )
IdN x½ with phase 0° (RCD must not trip)
IdN x½ with phase 180° (RCD must not trip, end of
test)
11
The test has a positive result if all tripping times of molded case type STD comply with
what indicated in Table 4 (see § 12.4). The test has a negative result when one of the
values is out of range. During this whole stage, do not disconnect the measuring leads
of the instrument from the system on test.
12 At the end of the test, if the tripping time of each test
complies with what is indicated in Table 4 (see § 12.4)
the instrument shows the symbol to signal that the
test has been completed successfully, and displays a
screen similar to the one reported here to the side.
Press the SAVE button or touch the
icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
13 At the end of the test, if the tripping time of a test does
not comply with what is indicated in Table 4 (see §
12.4). the instrument shows the
symbol to signal
that the test has not been completed successfully, and
displays a screen similar to the one reported here to the
side.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
CAUTION
ccording to standard EN61008, the test for Selective differential switches
requires an interval of 60 seconds between the tests (30s for tests with ½ Idn).
The instrument display shows a timer indicating the time remaining before the
instrument can automatically perform the test.
EN - 24
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6.3.2. x½, x1, x2, x5 modes
9.
Press the GO/STOP key on the instrument or the
START key on the remote lead. The instrument will
start the measurement.
The screen to the side (concerning multiplier x1) is
shown on the display when the hourglass icon indicates
the performance of the test.
10
At the end of the test with multiplier x1/2, x1, x2 or x5 if
the tripping time, for molded case type STD, is as
listed in Table 4
the instrument shows the symbol to signal that the
test has been completed successfully, and displays a
screen similar to the one reported here to the side.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
11
At the end of the test, for molded case type STD, if the
tripping time of a test does not comply with what is
indicated in Table 4the instrument shows the
symbol to signal that the test has not been completed
successfully, and displays a screen similar to the one
reported here to the side.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
6.3.3. Mode x1 – Test on RCDs with delay time
9. At the end of the test, if the measured tripping time is
within the interval: [limit delay = set delay time +
value indicated in Table 4] the instrument displays
the symbol to indicate the positive outcome of the
test and displays a screen like the one to the side.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
10 At the end of the test, if the measured tripping time is
external the interval: [limit delay = set delay time +
value indicated in Table 4] the instrument displays
the symbol to indicate the negative outcome of the
test and displays a screen like the one to the side.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1)
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6.3.4. Mode
The standard defines, for molded case type STD, the tripping times for RCDs at nominal
current. The mode is used to detect the minimum tripping current (which could also be
lower than the nominal voltage).
9.
Press the GO/STOP key on the instrument or the
START key on the remote lead. The instrument will
start the measurement.
The screen to the side is shown on the display when
the hourglass icon indicates the performance of the
test.
10 At the end of the test, if the tripping current is within the
values of the table in the relevant §, the instrument
displays the symbol to indicate the positive
outcome of the test and displays a screen like the one
to the side.
Press the SAVE button or touch the
icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
11 At the end of the test, if the tripping current is not within
the values of the table in the relevant §, the instrument
displays the symbol to indicate the negative
outcome of the test and displays a screen like the one
to the side.
Press the SAVE button or touch the
icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
EN - 26
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6.3.5. Test on earth leakage relay RCD
The instrument allows performing tests on earth leakage relay RCD with currents up to
10A (with optional accessory RCDX10)
8. Connect the instrument and the optional accessory RCDX10 to the installation (see Fig.
15). Pay attention to the connection of cables “1” and “2” of the RCDX10 accessory
and to the direction of the current indicated by the arrow printed on the accessory. It is
also possible to use the remote lead by inserting its multipolar connector into input lead
B1
9.
Press the GO/STOP key on the instrument or the
START key on the remote lead. The instrument will
start the measurement.
The screen to the side is shown on the display when
the hourglass icon indicates the performance of the
test.
10 At the end of the test, if the tripping current is lower to
the set value, the instrument displays the symbol to
indicate the positive outcome of the test and displays a
screen like the one to the side.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1)
11 At the end of the test, if the tripping current is higher to
the set value, the instrument displays the symbol
to indicate the negative outcome of the test and
displays a screen like the one to the side.
Press the SAVE button or touch the
icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1)
EN - 27
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6.3.6. Anomalous situations
1. If the voltage between inputs B1 and B4 and inputs B1
and B3 is higher than 265V, the instrument provides the
warning screen shown to the side and blocks the
execution of the tests.
2. If the voltage between inputs B1 and B4 and inputs B1
and B3 is lower than 100V, the instrument provides the
warning screen shown to the side and blocks the
execution of the tests.
3. If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to
terminal B1 (phase conductor), it provides the warning
screen shown to the side and blocks the execution of
the tests.
4. If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to
terminal B4 (neutral conductor), it provides the warning
screen shown to the side and blocks the execution of
the tests.
5. If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to
terminal B3 (PE conductor), it provides the warning
screen shown to the side and blocks the execution of
the tests.
EN - 28
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6. If the instrument detects that the phase and neutral
leads are inverted, it does not carry out the test and a
screen similar to the one reported to the side is
displayed. Rotate the shuko plug or check the
connection of measuring cables.
7. If the instrument detects that the phase and PE leads
are inverted, it does not carry out the test and a screen
similar to the one reported to the side is displayed.
Check the connection of measuring cables.
8. If the differential switch being tested trips during the
preliminary checks (performed automatically by the
instrument before executing the selected test), the
instrument does not carry out the test and displays a
screen like the one to the side. Check that the IdN set
value is consistent with the differential switch in
question and that all loads connected downstream of it
are disconnected.
9. If the instrument detects a dangerious voltage on PE
conductor it provides the warning screen shown to the
side and blocks the execution of the tests. Check the
PE conductor and earth plant efficiency. This message
can also appair in case of an insufficient pressure of the
GO/STOP key
10 If the instrument detects a dangerious contact voltage
Ut (over the set limit 25V or 50V) in the starting pretest, it provides the warning screen shown to the side
and blocks the execution of the tests. Check the PE
conductor and earth plant efficiency
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
11 If the instrument detects a voltage Vn-pe > 50V (or the
analogue Vn-pe >25V) it provides the warning screen
shown to the side and blocks the test for safety
reasons. Check the PE conductor and earth plant
efficiency
12 If the instrument detects in the input terminals a too
high external impedance such that it can not provides
the nominal current, it provides the warning screen
shown to the side and blocks the test. Disconnect the
possible loads downstream the LCD before perform the
test
13
For only RCD type B if the instrument is not able to
provide for the charging of the internal capacitors of the
RCD, it provides the warning screen shown to the side
and blocks the test. Check that the VL-N voltage should
be more than 190V
14
For only RCD type B if the instrument detects a input
voltage VL-N <190V, it provides the warning screen
shown to the side and blocks the test. Chech the values
of the voltages on the installation
15
For test on earth leakage relay RCD if the value set
for the rated current of the protection device is out of
the allowed range, the instrument provides the warning
screen shown to the side and stops the tests. Change
the value of the rated current of the protection device
EN - 30
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6.4. LOOP: LINE IMPEDANCE/LOOP AND OVERALL EARTH RESISTANCE
This function is performed in compliance with standard IEC/EN61557-3 and allows
measuring the line impedance, the fault loop impedance and the prospective short-circuit
current.
CAUTION
Depending on the selected electrical system (TT, TN or IT) some kind of
The following operating modes are available
L-N Standard (STD) measurement of the line impedance between the phase
L-L Standard (STD) measurement of the line impedance between the two phase
L-PE Standard (STD) measurement of the fault loop impedance between the phase
Ra Global earth resistance without causing the differential protections tripping in
connection and function modes are disabled by the instruments (see Table 2 )
conductor and the neutral conductor and calculation of the assumed phase-toneutral short-circuit current. This measurement is carried out even with high
resolution (0.1m) through the optional accessory IMP57.
conductors and calculation of the assumed phase-to-phase short-circuit current.
This measurement is carried out even with high resolution (0.1m) through the
optional accessory IMP57.
conductor and the earth conductor and calculation of the assumed phase-toearth short-circuit current. This measurement is carried out even with high
resolution (0.1m) through the optional accessory IMP57.
systems with and without neutral (see § 12.11).
CAUTION
The measurement of line impedance or fault loop impedance involves the
circulation of a maximum current according to the technical specifications of
the instrument (see § 10.1). This could cause the tripping of possible
magnetothermal or differential protections at lower tripping currents.
Fig. 16: P-N/P-PE measure for single-phase/two-phase 230V systems with shuko plug
Fig. 17: P-N/P-PE measure for single-phase/two-phase 230V systems with cables and
remote lead
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Fig. 18: P-N/P-PE measurement for 400V+N+PE three-phase systems by means of single
cables and remote lead
Fig. 19: P-P measurement for 400V+N+PE three-phase systems
Fig. 20: P-PE/P-N measurement for 400V + PE (no N) systems by means of single cables
and remote lead
Fig. 21: P-PE measurement for IT systems by means of single cables and remote lead
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6.4.1. Test types
The protection of electrical lines is the essential part of a project so as to guarantee the
correct functionality and avoid damages to persons or property. To this purpose, the safety
guidelines impose on electrical designers also to design the electrical installation in order to
reach:
1. The protection from short-circuits, that’s to say:
The breaking capacity of the protection device must be not lower than the supposed
short-circuit current in the point in which the device is installed
In case of short-circuit in any point of the protected line, the protection device must
trip on quickly enough to avoid that the insulation materials assume excessive
temperatures
2. The protection from indirect contacts.
In order to verify the a.m. conditions, the instrument performs the following functions:
Check of protection from indirect contact – According to the type of
distribution system (TT, TN, IT) set by the user, the instrument performs the
measurement and verifies the condition imposed by the guidelines. Should it
be reached, the instrument gives a positive outcome (see § 12.6, § 12.7,
§12.8)
kA Check of protection’s breaking capacity – The instrument detects the value
of the line impedance upstream to the measurement point, calculates the
maximum value of short-circuit current and gives a positive outcome if the
value is lower than the limit set by the user (see § 12.5)
I2t Check of protection from short-circuits – The instrument detects the value
of the line impedance upstream to the measurement point, calculates the value
of short-circuit current and the corresponding value of the trip out time (t) of the
protection device and gives a positive outcome if the value of specific energy
passing through the protection device is lower than the specific short-circuit
energy bearable by the cables according to the known relationship (see §
12.10):
2
*
where K and S are parameters of the cable, set by the user, that’s to say:
K= parameter indicated by the guideline depending on the type of conductor
material and on the material of the insulating sheath
To completion of the above checks, the instrument performs also:
S = section of the cable
Check of the coordination of protections – The instrument detects the value
of the line impedance upstream to the measurement point, calculates the
minimum value of short-circuit current and the corresponding value of the trip
out time (t) of the protection device and gives a positive outcome if the value is
lower than the limit set by the user (see § 12.9)
2
tISK
STD
The IMP57 optional accessory allows the instrument to perform both individual and high
resolution (0.1m) Line/Loop impedance measurements
Generic test
EN - 33
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The following table summarizes the possible measures executable depending on the type of
system (TT, TN and IT), of selected modes and the relationships that define limit values
L-L
TT TN IT
Mode Condition x OK outcome Condition x OK outcome Condition x OK outcome
STD
kA
I2t
(IscL-Lmin 2F) Tmax Tmax < Tlim (IscL-L min 2F) Tmax Tmax < Tlim (IscL-Lmin 2F) Tmax Tmax < Tlim
STD
No outcome No outcome No outcome
Isc L-L max < BC Isc L-L max < BC Isc L-L max < BC
2
(Isc L-L 3F)
* t < (K * S)2 (Isc L-L3F)2 * t < (K * S)2 (Isc L-L3F)2 * t < (K * S)2
No outcome No outcome No outcome
L-N
L-PE
Ra
(No for
IMP57)
kA
I2t
STD
kA
I2t
STD
kA
I2t
(Isc L-N min ) Tmax Tmax < Tlim (Isc L-N min ) Tmax Tmax < Tlim (Isc L-N min ) Tmax Tmax < Tlim
Isc L-N max < BC Isc L-N max < BC Isc L-N max < BC
2
(Isc L-N)
(Rameas * Idn) < Utlim Isc L-PE MIN > Idn
* t < (K * S)2 (Isc L-N)2 * t < (K * S)2 (Isc L-N)2 * t < (K * S)2
No outcome
Isc L-PE max< BC
2
(Isc L-PE)
(Isc L-PE min ) Tmax Tmax < Tlim
Tlim Ia Isc L-PE MIN > Ia Utmeas < Utlim
* t < (K * S)2
Table 2: Conditions of positive outcome depending on the test parameters
Where:
Empty cells Not available mode for this particular combination of electric system
Isc L-L_3F Prospective short circuit current three-phase Phase-Phase (see § 12.5)
Isc L-L_Min2F Prospective short circuit current minimum two-phase Phase-Phase (see § 12.9)
Isc L-N_Max Prospective short circuit current maximum Phase-Neutral (see § 12.5)
Isc L-N_Min Prospective short circuit current minimum Phase-Neutral (see § 12.9)
Isc L-PE_Max Prospective short circuit current maximum Phase-PE (see § 12.5)
Isc L-PE_Min Prospective short circuit current minimum Phase-PE (see § 12.9)
BC Breaking Capacity of the protection device - kA)
K Constant relative to the I2t measurement (vedere § 12.10)
S Section of conductor
Tmax Maximum trip out time of the protection device
Tlim Limit time of fault extinction by the protection set by the user
Ut meas Contact voltage measured
Ut lim Contact voltage limit (25V or 50V)
Ra meas Global earth resistance measured
Idn Trip out current of RCD devices
6.4.2. STD Mode – Generic test
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This mode performs the impedance measurement and the calculation of prospective short
circuit current without applying any evaluation. Therefore, at the end of the test, no outcome
is given by the instrument.
1. Select the options “TN, TT or “IT”, “25 or 50V”, “50Hz or
60Hz” and the reference voltage in the general settings
of the instrument (see § 5.1.3).
Touch the icon. The screen to the side appears on
the display.
Touch the lower icon. The following screen appears on
the display:
2.
Move the left slide bar reference by selecting the icon
to execute the measurement only with the instrument or
the icon to execute the measurement with the
instrument + optional accessory IMP57 (see § 6.4.9).
Move the central slide bar reference by selecting the "
L-L, L-N or L-PE” options. Move the right slide bar
reference by selecting the "STD" option. Confirm the
choice by going back to the previous screen.
3. If possible, disconnect all loads connected downstream of the measuring point, as the
impedance of these users could distort the test results.
4. Connect the shuko plug, the alligator clips or the remote lead to the electrical mains
according to Fig. 16, Fig. 17, Fig. 18 and Fig. 20.
5. Note the presence of the correct voltage values
between L-N and L-PE corresponding to the selections
carried out in the initial phase (see § 5.1.3) as shown in
the screen to the side.
Press the GO/STOP key or the START key on the
remote lead. During this whole stage, do not disconnect
the measuring leads of the instrument from the system
under test. The following screen appears on the
instrument's display:
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6. The value of the assumed short-circuit current (Isc) is
shown in the upper part of the display, while the
Line/Loop ZPE impedance is shown at the bottom of the
display.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
The Standard (Std) assumed short-circuit current (Isc)
is calculated using the following formula:
U
Z
NOM
MEAS
I
SC
Z
= measured L-L,L-N,L-PE loop impedance
MEAS
= nominal voltage (depend on the system)
U
NOM
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6.4.3. Mode kA – Verify of breaking capacity of protection device
1. Select the options “TN, TT or “IT”, “25 or 50V”, “50Hz or
60Hz” and the reference voltage in the general settings
of the instrument (see § 5.1.3).
Touch the icon. The screen to the side appears on
the display.
Touch the lower icon. The following screen appears on
the display:
2.
Move the left slide bar reference by selecting the
icon to execute the measurement only with the
instrument or the icon to execute the
measurement with the instrument + optional accessory
IMP57 (see § 6.4.9).
Move the central slide bar reference by selecting the
“L-L”, “L-N” or “L-PE” options (for TN systems only).
Move the right slide bar reference by selecting the "kA"
option.
Touch the icon in the lower right corner to set the
maximum tripping current expressed in "kA" that the
protection must interrupt. The following screen appears
on the display:
3.
Touch the icon to zero the value in the kA field and
use the virtual keyboard to set the value of the breaking
capacity of the protection between 1kA and 9999kA
Confirm the choice by going back to the initial
measurement screen.
4. If possible, disconnect all loads connected downstream
of the measured point, as the impedance of these users
could distort the test results. Connect the shuko plug,
the alligator clips or the remote lead to the electrical
mains according to Fig. 16, Fig. 17, Fig. 18 and Fig. 20
in the nearest possible point to the protection device
Note the presence of the correct voltage values
between L-L and L-PE corresponding to the selections
carried out in the initial phase (see § 5.1.3) as shown in
the screen to the side.
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5.
Press the GO/STOP key or the START key on the
remote lead. During this whole stage, do not disconnect
the measuring leads of the instrument from the system
under test.
In case of positive outcome, the screen to the side is
shown by the instrument.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
6. In case of test failure (measured Isc Max current > set
threshold), the screen to the side is displayed by the
instrument.
Note the presence of the measurement result
highlighted in red.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6.4.4. Mode I2t – Verify of protection against short-circuit
CAUTION
The verify of conductor protection against the thermic effect of short-circuit is
performed under the following conditions:
Ambient temperature of 25°C
Presence of external insulation (not live conductor)
No harmonics
Short-circuit at the beginning of the line or at the end of the line without
any overload protection
Not buried cable
The verify performed by the instrument DOES NOT replace in any case the
project calculations
1. Select the options “TN, TT or “IT”, “25 or 50V”, “50Hz or
60Hz” and the reference voltage in the general settings
of the instrument (see § 5.1.3).
Touch the icon. The screen to the side appears on
the display.
Touch the lower icon. The following screen appears on
the display:
2.
Move the left slide bar reference by selecting the
icon to execute the measurement only with the
instrument or the icon to execute the
measurement with the instrument + optional accessory
IMP57 (see § 6.4.9).
Move the central slide bar reference by selecting the
“L-L”, “L-N” or “L-PE” options (for TN systems only).
2
Move the right slide bar reference by selecting the "I
t"
option.
Touch the icon in the bottom center to set the
protection type and its rated current. The following
screen appears on the display:
3. Move the slide bar reference by selecting the type of
protection (Fuse of type gG or aM or magnetothermal
MCB in curve B, C, K, D).
Touch the “In” field. The following screen appears on
the display:
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
4.
Touch the icon to zero the value in the In field and
use the virtual keyboard to set the value of the RCD
rated current within the values allowed by the
instrument.
The following selections are available on the instrument
MCB current (B curve) selectable among:
6,10,13,15,16,20,25,32,40,50,63A
MCB current (C, K curves) selectable among:
0.5,1,1.6,2,4,6,10,13,15,16,20,25,32,40,50,63A
MCB current (D curve) selectable among:
0.5,1,1.6,2,4,6,10,13,15,16,20,25,32A
Nominal current Fuse gG selectable among:
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 80,
100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800,
1000, 1250A
Nominal current Fuse aM selectable among: 2, 4, 6,
8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 80, 100, 125,
160, 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630A
Confirm the choice by going back to the previous
screen.
Touch the icon in the bottom right corner to set the
type, section and material forming the inner insulation
of the cable of the line under test. The following screen
appears on the display:
5.
Touch the “mm2” field and, by using the virtual
keyboard, set and confirm the section value of the
single cable free selectable
Touch the field “
”and, by using the virtual keyboard,
set and confirm the possible number of parallel cords.
In the case that the circuit have only one conductor set
the “1” value
Move the central slide bar reference by selecting the
type of conductor. The available options are Cu
(Copper) and Al (Aluminum).
Move the right slide bar reference by selecting the
insulation type of the cable between the options: PVC,
Rub/Butil (Rubber/Butyl rubber) and EPR/XLPE
(Ethylene propylene rubber/Cross-linked polyethylene)
Confirm the choice by going back to the initial
measurement screen.
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6. If possible, disconnect all loads connected downstream
of the measured point, as the impedance of these users
could distort the test results. Connect the shuko plug,
the alligator clips or the remote lead to the electrical
mains according to Fig. 16, Fig. 17, Fig. 18 and Fig. 20.
Note the presence of the correct voltage values
between L-L and L-PE corresponding to the selections
carried out in the initial phase (see § 5.1.3) as shown in
the screen to the side
7.
Press the GO/STOP key or the START key on the
remote lead. During this whole stage, do not disconnect
the measuring leads of the instrument from the system
under test.
In case of positive result (three-phase short-circuit
current for the L-L case in the image supported by the
cable with the performed selections), the screen to the
side is displayed by the instrument.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
8. In case of negative result (three-phase Isc current for
the L-L case in the image NOT supported by the cable
with the performed selections), the screen to the side is
displayed by the instrument.
Note the presence of the measurement result
highlighted in red.
Press the SAVE button or touch the
icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
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6.4.5. Mode - Verify of protection coordination
1. Select the options “TN, TT or “IT”, “25 or 50V”, “50Hz or
60Hz” and the reference voltage in the general settings
of the instrument (see § 5.1.3).
Touch the icon. The screen to the side appears on
the display.
Touch the lower icon. The following screen appears on
the display:
2.
Move the left slide bar reference by selecting the
icon to execute the measurement only with the
instrument or the icon to execute the
measurement with the instrument + optional accessory
IMP57 (see § 6.4.9).
Move the central slide bar reference by selecting the
“L-L”, “L-N” or “L-PE” options (for TN systems only).
Move the right slide bar reference by selecting the
" " option.
Touch the icon in the bottom center to set the
protection type and its rated current. The following
screen appears on the display:
3. Move the slide bar reference by selecting the type of
protection (Fuse of type gG or aM or magnetothermal
MCB in curve B, C, K, D).
Touch the “In” field. The following screen appears on
the display:
4.
Touch the
icon to zero the value in the In field and
use the virtual keyboard to set the value of the RCD
rated current within the values allowed by the
instrument.
Confirm the choice by going back to the previous
screen.
Touch the icon in the lower right corner to set the
tripping time of the RCD. The following screen appears
on the display:
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5. Move the slide bar reference by selecting the protection
tripping time between the options: 0.1s, 0.2s, 0.4s, 5s.
Confirm the choice by going back to the initial
measurement screen.
6. If possible, disconnect all loads connected downstream
of the measured point, as the impedance of these users
could distort the test results. Connect the shuko plug,
the alligator clips or the remote lead to the electrical
mains according to Fig. 16, Fig. 17, Fig. 18 and Fig. 20
in the farthest possible point respect the protection on
test
Note the presence of the correct voltage values
between L-L and L-PE corresponding to the selections
carried out in the initial phase (see § 5.1.3) as shown in
the screen to the side.
7.
Press the GO/STOP key or the START key on the
remote lead. During this whole stage, do not disconnect
the measuring leads of the instrument from the system
under test.
In case of positive result (minimum short-circuit current
interrupted by the protection device within the time
indicated by the performed selections), the screen to
the side is displayed by the instrument.
Press the SAVE button or touch the
icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
8. In case of negative result (minimum short-circuit current
NOT interrupted by the protection device within the time
indicated by the performed selections), the screen to
the side is displayed by the instrument.
Note the presence of the measurement result
highlighted in red.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
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6.4.6. Verify of protection against indirect contacts (TN system)
1. Select the options "TN", “25 or 50V”, “50Hz or 60Hz”
and the reference voltage in the general settings of the
instrument (see § 5.1.3).
Touch the icon. The screen to the side appears on
the display.
Touch the lower icon. The following screen appears on
the display:
2.
Move the left slide bar reference by selecting the
icon to execute the measurement.
Move the central slide bar reference by selecting the
"L-PE" option. The right slide bar reference is
automatically set in position .
Confirm the choice by going back to the initial
measurement screen.
3. Move the slide bar reference by selecting the type of
protection (Fuse of type gG or aM or magnetothermal
MCB in curve B, C, K, D).
Touch the “In” field. The following screen appears on
the display
4.
Touch the
icon to zero the value in the In field and
use the virtual keyboard to set the value of the nominal
current of the protection within the values allowed by
the instrument (see § 6.4.4)
Confirm the choice by going back to the previous
screen.
Touch the icon in the lower right corner to set the
tripping time of the protection. The following screen
appears on the display
5. Move the slide bar reference by selecting the protection
tripping time between the options: 0.1s, 0.2s, 0.4s, 5s.
Confirm the choice by going back to the initial
measurement screen
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6. If possible, disconnect all loads connected downstream
of the measured point, as the impedance of these users
could distort the test results. Connect the alligator clips
or the remote lead to the electrical mains according to
Fig. 16, Fig. 17, Fig. 18 and Fig. 20 in the farthest
possible point respect the protection on test.
Note the presence of the correct voltage values
between L-N and L-PE corresponding to the selections
carried out in the initial phase (see § 5.1.3) as shown in
the screen to the side.
7.
Press the GO/STOP key or the START key on the
remote lead. During this whole stage, do not disconnect
the measuring leads of the instrument from the system
under test.
In case of positive result (calculated minimum shortcircuit current HIGHER than tripping current of the
protection device within the specified time – see §
12.6), the screen to the side is displayed by the
instrument
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
8. In case of negative result (calculated minimum shortcircuit current LOWER than tripping current of the
protection device within the specified time – see §
12.6), the screen to the side is displayed by the
instrument
Press the SAVE button or touch the
icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
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6.4.7. Verify of protection against indirect contacts (IT systems)
1. Select the options "IT", “25 or 50V”, “50Hz or 60Hz” and
the reference voltage in the general settings of the
instrument (see § 5.1.3).
Touch the icon. The screen to the side appears on
the display.
Touch the lower icon. The following screen appears on
the display:
2.
Move the left slide bar reference by selecting the
icon to execute the measurement.
Move the central slide bar reference by selecting the
"L-PE" option. The right slide bar reference is
automatically set in position .
Confirm the choice by going back to the initial
measurement screen.
3. If possible, disconnect all loads connected downstream
of the measured point, as the impedance of these users
could distort the test results. Connect the alligator clips
or the remote lead to the electrical mains according to
Fig. 21. Note the presence of the correct voltage values
between L-L and L-PE corresponding to the selections
carried out in the initial phase (see § 5.1.3) and a
possible N-PE voltage due to the IT system as shown
in the screen to the side.
4.
Press the GO/STOP key or the START key on the
remote lead. During this whole stage, do not disconnect
the measuring leads of the instrument from the system
under test.
In case of positive result (contact voltage at the point
<50V or <25V), the screen to the side is displayed by
the instrument, which contains the value of the first fault
current measured, expressed in mA (see § 12.8). With
Isc < 30mA the Ut value is not mdisplayed
Press the SAVE button or touch the
the measurement (see § 7.1).
icon to save
5. In case of negative result (contact voltage at the point
>50V or >25V), the screen to the side is displayed by
the instrument.
Note the presence of the measurement result of the
contact voltage highlighted in red.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6.4.8. Verify of protection against indirect contacts (TT systems)
1. Select the options "TT", “25 or 50V”, “50Hz or 60Hz”
and the reference voltage in the general settings of the
instrument (see § 5.1.3).
Touch the icon. The screen to the side appears on
the display.
Touch the lower icon on the left. The following screen
appears on the display:
2.
Move the left slide bar reference by selecting the
icon to execute the measurement.
Move the middle slide bar reference by selecting the
"
" option. The right slide bar reference is
automatically set in position
.
Confirm the choice by going back to the initial
measurement screen.
Touch the lower icon on the right. The following screen
appears on the display:
3. Move the left slide bar reference by selecting the RCD
tripping time between the values: 10, 30, 100, 300, 500,
650, 1000mA
Move the right slide bar reference by selecting the
connection type between the options: (presence
of neutral conductor) or
(absence of neutral
conductor)
Confirm the choices by going back to the initial
measurement screen.
4. If possible, disconnect all loads connected downstream
of the measured point, as the impedance of these users
could distort the test results. Connect the shuko plug,
the alligator clips or the remote lead to the electrical
mains according to Fig. 10, Fig. 11 and Fig. 12. The
connection point of the instrument (near or far from the
protection) is usually irrelevant to the test as the
resistance of the wires is negligible compared to the
value of earth resistance.
Note the presence of the correct voltage values
between L-L and L-PE corresponding to the selections
carried out in the initial phase (see § 5.1.3) as shown in
the screen to the side.
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
5.
Press the GO/STOP key or the START key on the
remote lead. During this whole stage, do not disconnect
the measuring leads of the instrument from the system
under test.
In case of positive result (overall earth resistance lower
than the ratio between limit contact voltage and RCD
tripping current), the screen to the side is displayed by
the instrument, which contains the contact voltage
value in the secondary display.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
6. In case of negative result (overall earth resistance
higher than the ratio between limit contact voltage and
RCD tripping current), the screen to the side is
displayed by the instrument.
Note the presence of the measurement result of the
contact voltage highlighted in red.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6.4.9. Impedance measurement by means of the accessory IMP57
Impedance measurements performed with the optional accessory IMP57 involve its
connection to the Master unit (MACROTESTG3 or COMBIG3) via optical connector
through the optical cable/RS-232 C2001 supplied with same accessory.
The IMP57 must be directly powered by the mains on which measurements are performed.
For detailed information, please refer to the user manual of the accessory IMP57.
Please find below the procedure for the measurement of STD L-L impedance in TN
systems. The same procedures can be applied to any other case considering what is
reported in previous chapters.
1. Select the options "TN", “25 or 50V”, “50Hz or 60Hz”
and the reference voltage in the general settings of the
instrument (see § 5.1.3).
Touch the icon. The screen to the side appears on
the display.
Touch the lower icon on the left. The following screen
appears on the display:
2.
Move the left slide bar reference by selecting the
icon to execute the measurement with the accessory
IMP57.
Move the central slide bar reference by selecting the
"L-L" option.
Move the right slide bar reference by selecting the
"STD" option.
Confirm the choice by going back to the following initial
measurement screen.
3.
The
symbol on the display indicates that the
accessory IMP57 is not connected to the instrument or
not powered directly by the mains.
Connect the IMP57 to the instrument via the cable
C2001 and to the powered system via the input
terminals C1, C2 and P1, P2 placed on it (see the
IMP57 user manual). The following screen appears on
the display:
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
4.
The symbol indicates the correct connection and
recognition of the IMP57 by the instrument. Check the
green STATUS LED lighting on the IMP57.
The value of the voltage between the measurement
points is shown in the upper part of the display.
Press the GO/STOP key on the instrument to start the
test. The following screen is shown on the display (in
case of L-L measurement in STD mode)
5. The standard (STD) short-circuit current is shown in the
upper part of the display.
The P-P Loop impedance values, in addition to its
resistive and reactive components, are shown in the
central part of the display, expressed in m.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6.4.10. Anomalous situations
1. If the instrument detects an L-N or L-PE voltage higher
than the maximum limit (265V), it does not carry out the
test and displays a screen like the one to the side.
Check the connection of measuring cables.
2. If the instrument detects an L-N or L-PE voltage lower
than the minimum limit (100V), it does not carry out the
test and displays a screen like the one to the side.
Check that the system being tested is supplied.
3. If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to
terminal B1 (phase conductor), it provides the warning
screen shown to the side and blocks the execution of
the tests.
4. If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to
terminal B4 (neutral conductor), it provides the warning
screen shown to the side and blocks the execution of
the tests.
5. If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to
terminal B3 (PE conductor), it provides the warning
screen shown to the side and blocks the execution of
the tests.
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6. If the instrument detects that the phase and neutral
leads are inverted, it does not carry out the test and a
screen similar to the one reported to the side is
displayed. Rotate the shuko plug or check the
connection of measuring cables.
7. If the instrument detects that the phase and PE leads
are inverted, it does not carry out the test and a screen
similar to the one reported to the side is displayed.
Check the connection of measuring cables.
8. If the instrument detects a danger voltage on PE
conductor, it does not carry out the test and displays a
screen like the one to the side. This message can also
appair in case of an insufficient pressure of the
GO/STOP key
9. If the instrument detects a voltage VN-PE>50V (or
>25V depending on the selection), it does not carry out
the test and displays a screen like the one to the side
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6.5. SEQ: PHASE SEQUENCE AND PHASE CONCORDANCE TEST
This function is performed in compliance with standards IEC/EN61557-7 and allows testing
the phase sequence and concordance by direct contact with live parts (not on cables
with insulating sheath). The following operating modes are available:
1T one lead measurement
2T two leads measurement.
Fig. 22: Phase sequence check of 1T phases with terminal and remote lead
Fig. 23: Phase sequence check of 2T phases with terminal and remote lead
1.
Touch the
icon. The screen to the side appears on
the display.
Touch the “1T” icon to set the measuring mode. The
following screen appears on the display:
2.
Move the slide bar reference in the position "1T" for the
selection of the test with 1 terminal or in the position
"2T" for the selection of the test with 2 terminals.
Confirm the choice by going back to the following initial
measurement screen.
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
3. Insert the blue and black connectors of the single cables in the corresponding input
terminals of the instrument B4, B1 (2T measurement). Insert in the free end of the cables
the corresponding alligator clips or tips. It is also possible to use the remote lead by
inserting its multipolar connector into the input lead B1. Connect the alligator clips, the
tips or the remote lead to phase L1 and N according to Fig. 22 and Fig. 23.
4.
Press the GO/STOP key on the instrument or the
START key on the remote lead. The instrument will
start the measurement. During this whole stage, do not
disconnect the measuring leads of the instrument from
the system under test.
The symbol for the tip on phase L1 and the hourglass
indicating the status of pending recognition of a voltage
higher than the maximum allowed.
5.
Once the correct voltage recognized, the symbol is
shown on the display. The instrument gives out a long
sound until input voltage is present.
6. At the end of phase L1 acquisition, the instrument is in
standby waiting for the signal on phase L2 and showing
the symbol of "disconnected tip" as shown in the screen
to the side.
Under these conditions, connect the alligator clips, the
tips or the remote lead to phase L2 and N in
accordance with Fig. 22 and Fig. 23.
7. The symbol for the tip on phase L2 and the hourglass
indicating the status of pending recognition of a voltage
higher than the maximum allowed.
Once the correct voltage recognized, the
symbol is
shown on the display.
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
8. At the end of the test, if the detected phase sequence is
correct, the instrument displays a screen like the one
shown to the side (result "1-2-3").
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
9. At the end of the test, if the two detected voltages are
in phase (phase concordance between two distinct
three-phase systems), the instrument displays a
screen like the one to the side (result "1-1-").
10 At the end of the test, if the detected phase sequence is
not correct, the instrument displays a screen like the
one shown to the side (result "2-1-3").
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6.5.1. Anomalous situations
1. If between the test start and the acquisition of the first
voltage or between the acquisition of the first and second
voltage, a time longer than around 10s has elapsed, the
instrument displays a screen like the one to the side.
2. If the instrument detects an input voltage higher than the
maximum limit, it will display a screen like the one to the
side.
3. If the instrument detects an input voltage frequency
exceeding the allowed full scale, it will display a screen
like the one to the side.
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
6.6. LEAKAGE: LEAKAGE CURRENT MEASUREMENT
Using an external clamp, this function allows measuring the leakage current (by means of
the optional accessory HT96U).
Fig. 24: Indirect measurement of leakage current in three-phase systems
Fig. 25: Direct measurement of leakage current in three-phase systems
1.
Touch the icon. The screen to the side appears on
the display.
Touch the icon in the lower left corner to set the full
scale of the clamp used. The following screen appears
on the display:
2.
Touch the
icon to zero the value in the In field and
use the virtual keyboard to set the full-scale value of the
clamp used ((values of 1A, 100A, 1000A for the HT96U
clamp).
Confirm the choice by going back to the previous
screen. With FS = 1A, the instrument automatically
carries out the measurement in mA.
3. Insert the external clamp into instrument input In1.
4. For indirect measurements of leakage current, connect the external clamp according to
Fig. 24. For direct measurements of leakage current, connect the clamp according to
Fig. 25 and disconnect possible additional earth connections that could influence the test
results.
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
CAUTION
Possible additional earth connections could influence the measured value. In
case of real difficulty in removing them, we recommend performing the
measurement in an indirect way.
5. The value of the measured leakage current appears in
real time on the display as shown in the screen to the
side.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
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6.7. EARTH: MEASUREMENT OF EARTH RESISTANCE
The MACROTESTG3, MOD1, MOD2 models (or COMBIG3 with EARTH function enabled)
allows performing the measurement of earth resistance of an installation in the following
ways:
Measurement of earth resistance with 3-wire or 2-wire voltammetric method
Measurement of ground resistivity () with Wenner 4-wire method
Measurement of resistance of individual rods without disconnecting them by means of
the optional clamp T2100
6.7.1. 3-wire or 2-wire earth measurement and 4-wire ground resistivity
The measurement is carried out in compliance with standards IEC/EN61557-5.
CAUTION
The instrument can be used for measurements on installations with
overvoltage category CAT III 240V to earth with a maximum voltage of
415V between inputs. Do not connect the instrument to installations with
voltages exceeding the limits indicated in this manual. Exceeding these
limits could result in electrical shocks to the user and damage to the
instrument.
Always connect the measuring cables to the instrument and to the alligator
clips with the accessories disconnected from the system.
We recommend holding the alligator clip respecting the safety area created
by the hand protection (see § 4.2).
If the length of the cables supplied is not suitable for the installation under
test, you can create your own extensions following the indications in §
12.12.1.
Fig. 26: Three-wire earth resistance measurement
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
Fig. 27: Two-wire earth resistance measurement using an auxiliary rod
Fig. 28: Two-wire earth resistance measurement from the panel board
Fig. 29: Ground resistivity measurement
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
1. Select the options “TN, TT or “IT”, “25 or 50V”, “50Hz or
60Hz” and the reference voltage in the general settings
of the instrument (see § 5.1.3). Touch the icon. The
screen to the side (TT and IT systems) is shown on the
display. The instrument automatically carries out the
test in presence of voltage between the inputs (shown
on the display) and blocks the test in case of voltage
higher than 10V
Touch the first icon in the lower left corner to set the
measuring mode. The following screen appears on the
display:
2.
Move the slide bar reference in the position " " for
the selection of the earth measurement with
voltammetric method, in the position for the
resistance measurement with use of optional clamp
T2100 (see § 6.7.2) or in the "" position for the
measurement of ground resistivity. Confirm the choice
by going back to the initial measurement screen.
Touch the second icon in the lower left corner to set the
tripping current of the differential switch (TT and IT
systems). The following screen appears on the display:
3. Move the slide bar reference in the position
corresponding to the value of the tripping current of the
RCD differential switch as shown in the screen to the
side. On the basis of this selection and the value of
contact voltage (25V or 50V), the instrument performs
the calculation of the limit value of earth resistance (see
§ 12.11) that will compare with the measured value in
order to provide the final positive or negative result of
the measurement.
4.
For TN systems, the instrument shows the initial
screen as in the figure to the side.
Touch the central icon to set the rated current of the
RCD. The following screen appears on the display:
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MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
5.
Touch the icon to zero the value in the "A" field and
use the virtual keyboard to set the value of fault current
(declared by the Energy distribution board) between 1A
and 9999A. Confirm the choice by going back to the
initial measurement screen.
Touch the icon in the lower right corner to set the
tripping time of the RCD. The following screen appears
on the display:
6.
Touch the icon to zero the value in the "s" field and
use the virtual keyboard to set the value of the time for
fault elimination t (declared by the Energy distribution
board) between 0.04s and 10s.
On the basis of previous selections, the instrument
performs the calculation of the maximum limit of earth
resistance according to the value of maximum
allowable contact voltage (see § 12.11) that will
compare with the measured value in order to provide
the final positive or negative result of the measurement.
Confirm the choice by going back to the initial
measurement screen.
7.
For resistivity measurement, the instrument shows
the initial screen as in the figure to the side.
Touch the icon to the right to set the measurement unit
and the distance between the test probes. The
following screen appears on the display:
8. Move the slide bar reference on the left to select the
measurement unit of the distance between the options:
m (meters) or ft (feet).
Move the slide bar reference on the right to select the
distance "d" between the measuring probes choosing
between 1m 10m (3ft 30ft).
Confirm the choices by going back to the initial
measurement screen.
9. Connect the blue, red, green and black cables to the corresponding instrument input
terminals H, S, ES, E, then add the alligator clips, if necessary.
10Extend, if necessary, the blue and red measuring cables on a separate way by means of
cables with proper section. Adding any extension does not require calibration and does
not affect the measured earth resistance value.
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11 Drive the auxiliary rods into the ground keeping to the distance instructions provided by the
standards (see § 12.12.1).
12Connect the alligator clips to the auxiliary rods and to the installation under test
according to Fig. 26, Fig. 27, Fig. 28 or Fig. 29.
13
Press the GO/STOP key. During this whole stage, do
not disconnect the measuring leads of the instrument
from the system under test. The symbol is shown on
the display for the entire duration of the test.
For earth resistance measurement in TT/IT systems,
in case of positive result, the screen to the side is
displayed by the instrument. It contains the value of
contact voltage in the secondary display, the value of
contact resistance of the voltage probe (Rs) and the
value of contact resistance of the current probe (Rh).
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
14
For earth resistance measurement in TT systems, in
case of negative result (see § 12.7), the screen to the
side is displayed by the instrument. It contains the
value of contact voltage in the secondary display, the
value of contact resistance of the voltage probe (Rs)
and the value of contact resistance of the current probe
(Rh).
Note the presence of the measurement result
highlighted in red.
Press the SAVE button or touch the
icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
15
For earth resistance measurement in IT systems, in
case of negative result (see § 12.8), the screen to the
side is displayed by the instrument. It contains the
value of contact voltage in the secondary display, the
value of contact resistance of the voltage probe (Rs)
and the value of contact resistance of the current probe
(Rh).
Note the presence of the measurement result
highlighted in red.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1)
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16
For earth resistance measurement in TN systems, in
case of positive result (see § 12.11), the screen to the
side is displayed by the instrument. It contains the
value of contact voltage in the secondary display, the
value of contact resistance of the voltage probe (Rs)
and the value of contact resistance of the current probe
(Rh).
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
17
For earth resistance measurement in TN systems, in
case of negative result (see § 12.11), the screen to the
side is displayed by the instrument. It contains the
value of contact voltage in the secondary display, the
value of contact resistance of the voltage probe (Rs)
and the value of contact resistance of the current probe
(Rh).
Note the presence of the measurement result
highlighted in red.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
18
If the resistance value of Rs or Rh probes is > 100 *
Rmeasured the instrument performs the measurement
considering an accuracy of 10% of reading and marks
the value in red in corrispondance of Rs and/or Rh the
screen to the side is displayed
19
For ground resistivity measurement, the screen to
the side is shown by the instrument. It contains the
value of "" expressed in m and the "Vn" value of the
possible interfering voltage measured by the instrument
during the test.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
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6.7.2. Earth measurement with optional clamp T2100
This measurement allows evaluating the partial resistances of the single earth rods of
complex ring networks without disconnecting them and performs the calculation of the
corresponden parallel resistance. Please refer to the user manual of clamp T2100 for
specific details. The following measurement methods are available:
Measurement of rod resistance with direct connection of clamp T2100 to the instrument.
Measurement of rod resistance by means of clamp T2100 used independently and
subsequent connection of the clamp to the instrument for data transfer.
CAUTION
The measurement carried out by clamp T2100 can be used to evaluate single
rods resistance values within an earth installation without disconnecting the
rods, assuming they do not affect each other (see Fig. 30).
Fig. 30: Resistance measurement of single rods with clamp T2100
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1. Select the options “TN, TT or “IT”, “25 or 50V”, “50Hz or
60Hz” and the reference voltage in the general settings
of the instrument (see § 5.1.3). Touch the icon,
touch the first icon in the lower left corner and set the
measurement mode (see § 6.7.1 point 2). The
following screen appears on the display. The icon
indicates that the clamp T2100 is not connected to the
instrument or is not in "RS232" mode. Configure the
same settings on the protection parameters depending
on the type of system (TT, TN or IT) (see § 6.7.1 points
3, 4, 5, 6).
2.
Connect the clamp T2100 by inserting the connector into input In1 of the instrument.
Turn the clamp on and put it in "RS232" mode (see the user manual of the clamp). The
symbol appears on the display of the clamp. In these conditions, the instrument-
clamp group is ready to perform the measurements. The following screen is shown
on the display by the instrument.
3. The meaning of the symbols is the following:
This icon indicate the correct serial
connection of the clamp to the instrument
Touch this icon to zero all the values of the
measured probes and the correspondent parallel
resistance
Touch this icon to add a rod to the
measurement. The "N " parameter increases by one
unit.
RA indicates the calculation of the parallel of
resistances for each measurement performed on
each rod.
This indicates the value of contact voltage
resulting from the measurement.
N
indicates the number of rods in the measure.
R indicates the resistance value of the rod
currently measured.
It allows downloading on the instrument the
memory contents of clamp T2100 in order to obtain
the final result of the measurement.
Rods resistance measurement with clamp T2100 connected to the instrument
4. Connect the clamp to the first rod of the earth network considered as shown in Fig. 30.
Note the value of the resistance in the R
value in the calculation of parallel resistance and increase the N
(N
=1)
field and press the icon to insert this
parameter by one unit
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5. After the insertion of the value of the first rod it will be not possible to transfer the
eventually measrements saved inside the T2100 by means the key. Perform the
same procedure for each rod of the network in question. At the end of the
measurements, press the GO/STOP key on the instrument. The following screen
appears on the display
6.
The RA field shows the value of the resistances in
parallel performed on each rod of the earth network
considered. This value is compared with the maximum
limit value calculated by the instrument according to the
selections made on the parameters of the protections.
In case of positive result (see § 12.7 and § 12.11), the
instrument shows the symbol and it is also possible
to scroll through the values of partial resistances by
touching the keys and
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
7. In case of negative result (see § 12.7 and § 12.11), the
instrument shows the symbol and the result value
appears in red like in the screen to the side.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
Rods resistance measurement with clamp T2100 used in an independent way
1. Turn the clamp T2100 on, perform the measurements on each rod of the earth network
considered by saving the results in its internal memory (see the user manual of clamp
T2100).
2. At the end of the measurement, connect the clamp T2100 to the instrument by inserting
the connector into input In1 and put it in "RS232" mode (see the user manual of clamp
T2100). The symbol appears on the display of the clamp.
3. Touch the icon. Any data stored in the memory of the clamp is downloaded in the
instrument and slides in sequence on the display. At the end of the operation, the
symbol disappears from the display
4. With the clamp connected to the instrument is possible to perform and add other
measurements according to the actions described in the previous point 4
5. Press the GO/STOP key on the instrument and observe the positive or negative results
of the measurement as shown in points 6 and 7 of the previous mode.
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6.7.3. Anomalous situations in 3-wire and 2-wire earth measurements
1. When starting a measurement, if the instrument detects
an interfering voltage higher than 10V at the volt and
ampere circuits input, it does not perform the test and
displays the screen to the side.
2. When starting a measurement, the instrument checks
the continuity of measuring cables. If the voltmetric
circuit (red cable S and green cable ES) is
interrupted or its resistance value is too high, the
instrument displays a screen similar to the one on the
side.
Check that the terminals are properly connected and
that the rod connected to terminal S is not driven into a
pebbly or scarcely conductive ground. In this latter
case, pour water around the rod to decrease its
resistance value (see § 12.12.1)
3. When starting a measurement, the instrument checks
the continuity of measuring cables. If the ampermetric
circuit (blue cable H and black cable E) is
interrupted or its resistance value is too high, the
instrument displays a screen similar to the one on the
side.
Check that the terminals are properly connected and
that the rod connected to terminal H is not driven into a
pebbly or scarcely conductive ground. In this latter
case, pour water around the rod to decrease its
resistance value (see § 12.12.1)
4. When starting a measurement, the instrument checks
the situation of B2 (S) and B3 (ES) inputs. In case of
reverse of conductors on the installation it blocks the
test and the message is shown
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6.8. AUX: MEASURE OF AMBIENT PARAMETERS THROUGH EXTERNAL PROBES
By means of external transducers, this function allows measuring the following
environmental parameters:
°C air temperature in °C by means of thermometric transducer
°F air temperature in °F by means of thermometric transducer
Lux(20) illuminance by means of luxmetric transducer with a 20Lux capacity
Lux(2k) illuminance by means of luxmetric transducer with a 2kLux capacity
Lux(20k) illuminance by means of luxmetric transducer with a 20kLux capacity
RH% air relative humidity by means of humidity transducer
mV input DC voltage (without applying any transduction constant)
Fig. 31: Measurement of environmental parameters through external probes
1.
Touch the icon and then the icon. The screen
to the side appears on the display.
Touch the icon in the lower left corner to set the type of
measurement. The following screen appears on the
display:
2. Move the slide bar reference to select the type of
measurement among the options: °C (temperature in
Celsius degrees), °F (temperature in Fahrenheit
degrees), Lux(20) (illuminance with 20Lux capacity),
Lux(2k) (illuminance with 2kLux capacity), Lux(20k)
(illuminance with 20kLux capacity) ,%RH (relative
humidity), mV (measurement of DC voltage up to 1V)
Confirm the choices by going back to the initial
measurement screen.
3.
Insert in the auxiliary In1 input the transducer necessary for the desired measurement as
shown in Fig. 31
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4. The measured value appears on the display in real time
as shown in the screen to the side.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1).
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6.9. ΔV%: VOLTAGE DROP OF MAIN LINES
This feature allows to evaluating the percentage value of voltage drop between two points
of a main line in which a protection device is installed and comparing this value to possible
limit value specified by guidelines. The following modes are available:
L-N Measurement of Phase to Neutral line impedance. The test can be performed
also with high resolution (0.1m) with optional accessory IMP57
L-L Measurement of Phase to Phase line impedance. The test can be performed
also with high resolution (0.1m) with optional accessory IMP57
CAUTION
The measurement of line impedance or fault loop impedance involves the
circulation of a maximum current according to the technical specifications of
the instrument (see § 10.1). This could cause the tripping of possible
magnetothermal protections at lower tripping currents.
Fig. 32: Connection of the instrument for L-N mode voltage drop measurement
Fig. 33: Connection of the instrument for L-L mode voltage drop measurement
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1. Select the option “50Hz or 60Hz” and the reference
Phase-Neutral or Phase-Phase voltage in the general
settings of the instrument (see § 5.1.3). Touch the
icon and then the icon. The screen to the side
appears on the display. Touch the lower left icon to set
the type of measurement. The following screen appears
on the display
2. Move the second slide bar reference and select the
type of measurement between the options: L-L (PhasePhase measurement) or L-N (Phase-Neutral
measurement).
Move the third slide bar reference and select the
icon to carry out measurement with the optional
accessory IMP57 (see § 6.4.9). Move the first slide bar
reference thus selecting options:
Impedance measurement performed with the
instrument only. With this option the icon “ ” is
shown on the display
Possibility for the operator to manually
set the Offset Z1 impedance without carrying out
the first measurement. With this option the icon
“ ” is shown on the display and the following
screen appears on the display
3.
Touch the icon to zero the value in the “” field and
use the virtual keyboard to set the value of the Offset
Z1 impedance within the range 0.000 to 9999.
Confirm the selection and go back to the previous
screen. Touch the second lower icon and set the value
of the rated current of the protection device on the main
line being tested. The following screen appears on the
display
4.
Touch the icon to zero the value in “A” field and use
the virtual keyboard to set the value of rated current of
protection device in the range 1A to 9999A. Confirm
selection and go back to the previous screen.
Touch the third lower icon and set the maximum
allowed limit value of voltage drop (V%) for the main
line being tested. The following screen appears on the
display.
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5.
Touch the icon to zero the value in the “%” field and
use the virtual keyboard to set the value of V% in the
range 1% to 99%.
Confirm the selection and go back to the previous
screen
6.
Go to step no. 9 in case the value of Z1 (Offset) has been set manually. In case of the
value of Z1 (Offset) has NOT been manually set connect the instrument to the initial
point of the main line being tested (typically downstream to a protection device)
according to Fig. 32 or Fig. 33 in order to carry out the first Z1 (Offset) impedance
measurement. In this case the instrument will measure the impedance upstream of the
initial point of the main line being tested taking it as start reference. The following screen
(referred to L-L measurement) appears on the display
7.
Touch the icon “ ” to start the first Z1 (Offset)
impedance measurement. The symbol “ ” appears on
the display during measurement. At the end of
measurement the following screen appears on the
display
8.
The value of Z1 (Offset) impedance is shown on the
display and is automatically included on the lower right
icon, together with the “
” symbol to indicate the
instantaneous saving of the value
9. Connect the instrument to the final point of the main
line being tested according to Fig. 32 or Fig. 33 in order
to measure the Z2 impedance at the end of line. The
screen to the side is displayed. Note the previously
measured Z1 (Offset) value displayed
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10
Press the GO/STOP key on the instrument to measure
the Z2 impedance and complete the V% voltage drop
measurement. During this whole stage, do not
disconnect the measuring leads of the instrument from
the system being tested
In case of positive result (maximum percentage value
of calculated voltage drop according to § 12.11 <
set limit value), the screen to the side is displayed by
the instrument, which contains the value of the Z2 end
of line impedance together the Z1 (Offset) value.
Press the SAVE button or touch the icon to save
the measurement (see § 7.1)
11
In case of negative result (maximum percentage
value of calculated voltage drop according to §
12.11 > set limit value), the screen to the side is
displayed by the instrument, which contains the value
of the Z2 end of line impedance together with the Z1
(Offset) value. Press the SAVE button or touch the
icon to save measurement (see § 7.1)
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6.9.1. Anomalous situations
1. If the instrument detects an L-N or L-PE voltage higher
than the maximum limit (265V), it does not carry out the
test and displays a screen like the one to the side.
Check the connection of measuring cables
2. If the instrument detects an L-N or L-PE voltage lower
than the minimum limit (100V), it does not carry out the
test and displays a screen like the one to the side.
Check that the system being tested is supplied
3. If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to
terminal B1 (phase conductor), it provides the warning
screen shown to the side and blocks the execution of
the tests
4. If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to
terminal B4 (neutral conductor), it provides the warning
screen shown to the side and blocks the execution of
the tests
5. If the instrument detects the absence of the signal to
terminal B3 (PE conductor), it provides the warning
screen shown to the side and blocks the execution of
the tests.
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6. If the instrument detects that the phase and neutral
leads are inverted, it does not carry out the test and a
screen similar to the one reported to the side is
displayed. Rotate the shuko plug or check the
connection of measuring cables
7. If the instrument detects that the phase and PE leads
are inverted, it does not carry out the test and a screen
similar to the one reported to the side is displayed.
Check the connection of measuring cables
8. If the instrument detects a danger voltage on PE
conductor, it does not carry out the test and displays a
screen like the one to the side. This message can also
appair in case of an insufficient pressure of the
GO/STOP key
9. If the instrument detects a voltage VN-PE>50V (or
>25V depending on the selection), it does not carry out
the test and displays a screen like the one to the side
10 If during the measurement the instruments detects an
end of line impedance value lower than the initial line
impedance value it does not carry out the test and a
screen similar to the one reported to the side is
displayed. Check the status of the main line being
tested
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7. OPERATIONS WITH THE MEMORY
7.1. SAVING MEASUREMENTS
The structure of the memory area (999 locations), of "tree" type with the possibility to
expand/hide the nodes, allows the division up to 3 markers nested so as to finalize the
precise locations of the measuring points with the insertion of test results. Each marker
has associated up to 20 fixed names (non-editable or deletable) + max 20 names that
can be freely defined by the user by means of management software (see the online help
of the program). For each marker, it is also possible to associate a number between 1 and
250.
1.
At the end of each measurement, press the SAVE key
or touch the icon to save its result. The screen to
the side appears on the display.
The meaning of the icons is the following:
It expands/hides the selected node
It allows the choice of a 1st level node
It inserts a nested sub-node (max 3 levels)
It adds a user comment on the performed
measurement
2.
Press the or key to insert a main marker or
a sub-marker. The screen to the side is shown by the
instrument.
Touch one of the names on the list this to select the
desired marker. Touch the arrow keys
or to
enter a number associated with the marker, if needed.
Confirm the choices by returning to the main screen.
Touch the key. The following screen appears on
the display:
3. Use the virtual keyboard to enter any comment on the
measurement. This comment will be visible both after
downloading the saved data to a PC with management
software (see § 8) and recalling the result at display
(see § 7.2)
Confirm the choices by returning to the main screen.
Further confirm to permanently save the measurement
in the internal memory. A confirmation message is
provided by the instrument.
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7.2. RECALLING MEASUREMENTS AND DELETING THE MEMORY
1.
Touch the icon in the general menu. The screen
to the side appears on the display.
Each measurement is identified by the icons (test
with positive result) or (test with negative result).
Touch the desired measurement to select it on the
display.
Touch the icon to recall the measurement result.
The following screen appears on the display:
2.
Touch the icon to recall and possibly change the
comment entered when saving via the internal virtual
keyboard.
Touch the icon to go back to the previous
screen.
3.
Touch the icon to delete the last saved result
in the instrument memory. The following screen
appears on the display:
Touch the
icon to confirm the operation or the
icon to return to the previous screen.
4.
Touch the icon to delete all the results stored in
the memory of the instrument. The following screen
appears on the display:
Touch the
icon to confirm the operation or the
icon to return to the previous screen.
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7.2.1. Anomalous situations
1. In case there is no measure saved and the instrument
memory is accessed, a screen similar to the one
reported here to the side is displayed.
2. In case tries to define a new sub-node over the 3rd
level the instrument provides the warning screen shown
to the side and blocks the operation
3. In case tries to create a sub-node by using a just used
name, the instrument provides the warning screen
shown to the side and is necessary to define a new
name
4. In case tries to define a numebr of nodes of 1st, 2nd
and 3rd level higher than 250 (for each level), the
instrument provides the warning screen shown to the
side
5. In case tries to include a comment of length higher than
30 chars, the instrument provides the warning screen
shown to the side
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8. CONNECTING THE INSTRUMENT TO A PC
The connection between a PC and the instrument can be done via a serial port (see Fig. 3)
by means of an optical cable/USB C2006 or by means of an optical/wiFi adapter (optional
accessory C2013). Before making the connection in USB mode, it is necessary to install
on the PC the C2006 cable drivers present in the supplied CD-ROM in addition to the
management software. To transfer stored data to PC keep to the following procedure:
Connection to PC via optical/USB cable
1.
Switch on the instrument by pressing the ON/OFF key.
2. Connect the instrument to the PC via the optical cable/USB.
3.
Touch the icon in the general menu. The screen
to the side is shown by the instrument.
In these conditions, the instrument is able to
communicate with the PC.
4. Use the management software to download the instrument memory contents to a PC.
Please refer to the online help of the program itself for any detail regarding the
operation.
5.
Touch the icon to go back to the general menu of the instrument.
Connecting to a PC through WiFi
1. Enable the WiFi connection on the target PC (ex: by using a WiFi key installed and
connected to a USB port).
2. Switch on the optional accessory C2013. The ON LED flashes. Wait for the C2013
recognition by the PC and perform the connection
3. Insert the C2013 into the instrument via the serial optical port (see Fig. 3).
4. Put the instrument in data transfer mode to a PC (see § 8 - point 3).
5. Launch the management software, select the "WiFi" port and "Detect instrument" within
the section "PC-Instrument connection". Once the instrument recognized, the "WiFi"
LED on the C2013 flashes together with the "ON" LED.
6. Use the management software to download the instrument memory contents to a PC.
Please refer to the online help of the program itself for any detail regarding the
operation.
8.1. CONNECTION TO IOS/ANDROID DEVICES THROUGH WIFI
The instrument can be connected remotely via WiFi connection to a Android/iOS
smartphones and/or tablets for the transfer of measurement data using the optional
accessory C2013 (see the accessory user guide) and the APP HTAnalysis. Proceed as
follows:
1. Download and install the HTAnalysis on the desired remote device (Android/iOS).
2. Switch on the optional accessory C2013. The ON LED flashes. Wait for the C2013
recognition by the remote device
3. Insert the C2013 into the instrument via the serial optical port (see Fig. 3).
4. Put the instrument in data transfer mode to a PC (see § 8 - point 3).
5. Take reference to the HTAnalysis instruction for the management operation
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9. MAINTENANCE
9.1. GENERAL INFORMATION
While using and storing the instrument, carefully observe the recommendations listed
in this manual in order to prevent possible damage or danger during use.
Do not use the instrument in environments with high humidity levels or high
temperatures. Do not expose to direct sunlight.
Always switch off the instrument after use. Should the instrument remain unused for a
long time, remove the batteries to avoid liquid leaks that could damage the instruments
internal circuits.
9.2. REPLACEMENT OF THE BATTERIES
When the LCD display shows the low battery symbol " ", replace the alkaline
batteries or recharge the rechargeable batteries.
Only expert and trained technicians should perform this operation. Before
carrying out this operation, make sure you have disconnected all cables
from the input terminals.
1. Switch off the instrument by pressing the ON/OFF key.
2. Remove the cables from the input leads
3. Loosen the battery compartment cover fastening screw and remove the cover.
4. Remove all the batteries from the battery compartment and replace them with new
batteries of the right type only (§ 10.3) making sure to respect the indicated polarities.
To recharge the batteries, use the external battery chargers supplied with the
instrument.
5. Restore the battery compartment cover into place and fasten it by mean of the relevant
screw.
6. Do not scatter old batteries into the environment. Use the relevant containers for
disposal.
9.3. CLEANING THE INSTRUMENT
Use a soft and dry cloth to clean the instrument. Never use wet cloths, solvents, water, etc.
9.4. END OF LIFE
CAUTION
CAUTION: the symbol on the instrument indicates that the appliance and its
accessories must be collected separately and correctly disposed of.
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(
)
10. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Accuracy is calculated as: ±[%reading + (no. of digits) * resolution] at 23°C, <80%RH.
Refer to the Table 1 for the correspondence between models and availbale features
10.1. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
AC TRMS voltage
Range [V] Resolution [V] Accuracy
15 460
Frequency
Range [Hz] Resolution [Hz] Accuracy
47.0 63.6
Continuity of protective conductor (LOW)
Range [
] Resolution []
0.01 9.99
10.0 99.9
(*) after calibration of measuring cables
Test current: >200mA DC up to 2 (cables included)
Test current resolution: 1mA
Open-circuit voltage: 4 < V0 < 24V
Insulation resistance (M)
Test voltage [V]
50
Range [
0.01
] Resolution []
9.99
10.0 49.9
50.0 99.9 (5.0reading + 2digits)
9.99
0.01
100
10.0 99.9
100.0 199.9 (5.0reading + 2digits)
9.99
0.01
250
10.0 99.9
100 499
0.01
9.99
500
200 499
500 999 (5.0reading + 2digits)
0.01 9.99
1000
200 999
1000 1999 (5.0reading + 2digits)
Open-circuit voltage rated test voltage -0% +10%
Rated measuring current: >1mA with 1k x Vnom (50V, 100V, 250V, 1000V), >2.2mA with 230k @ 500V
Short-circuit current <6.0mA for each test voltage
Safety protection: error message for input voltage > 10V
Line/Loop impedance (Phase-Phase, Phase-Neutral, Phase-Earth)
Range [
] Resolution []
0.01 9.99
10.0 199.9
(*) 0.1 m in range 0.1 199.9 m (by using the optional accessory IMP57)
Maximum test current: 5.81A (at 265V); 10.10A (at 457V)
Phase-Neutral/Phase-Phase Test voltage: (100V 265V) / (100V460V); 50/60Hz ±5%
Protection types: MCB (B, C, D, K), Fuse (gG, aM)
Insulating sheath materials: PVC, Butyl rubber, EPR, XLPE
1
0.1
0.01
0.1
0.01
0.1
EN - 82
0.01
0.1
0.01
0.1
0.01
0.1
1
0.01
0.1
1
0.01
0.1
1
(3%rdg + 2digits)
0.1%reading+1digit
Accuracy (*)
(5.0reading + 3digits)
Accuracy
(2.0reading + 2digits)
(2.0reading + 2digits)
(2.0reading + 2digits)
(5.0reading + 2digits)
(2.0reading + 2digits)10.0 199.9
(2.0reading + 2digits)10.0 199.9
Accuracy (*)
(5%rdg + 3digits)
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
First fault current – IT systems
Range [mA] Resolution [mA] Accuracy
0.1 0.9
1 999
Limit contact voltage (ULIM) : 25V, 50V
Test on RCD protection (Molded case type)
Differential protection type (RCD): AC ( ), A ( ), B( ) – General (G), Selective (S) and Delayed ( )
Voltage range Phase-Earth, Phase-Neutral: 100V 265V RCD type AC and A, 190V 265V RCD type B
Rated tripping currents (IN): 10mA, 30mA, 100mA, 300mA, 500mA, 650mA, 1000mA
Frequency: 50/60Hz 5%
Molded case type RCD tripping current - (for General RCD only)
RCD type
AC, A
B
10mA <IN 650mA
30mA IN 100mA
I
N Range I
I
N = 10mA
(0.3
Measurement duration of Molded case type RCD tripping time – TT/TN systems
10mA
30mA
100mA
300mA
500mA
650mA
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
A 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
B
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
A 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
B 999 999 999 999 999 999 310
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
A 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
B 999 999 999 999 999 999
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
A 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 310
B
x 1/2 x 1 x 2 x 5 AUTO
\ G S
G S
0.1
1
[mA]
N
1.1) I
G S G S G S
Resolution [mA] Accuracy
0.1IN
N
(5reading+1digit)
(5reading + 3digits)
- 0%, +10%I
- 0%, +5%I
G S
310
310
310
310
310
310
310
N
N
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250
1000mA
A 999 999 999 999 999 999
B
Table with duration of tripping time measurement [ms] - Resolution: 1ms, Accuracy:(2.0reading + 2digits)
Measurement duration of Molded case type RCD tripping time – IT systems
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
10mA
A
B
30mA
100mA
300mA
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
A
B
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
500mA
650mA
A
B
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250
1000mA
A
B
Table with duration of tripping time measurement [ms] - Resolution: 1ms, Accuracy:(2.0reading + 2digits)
x 1/2 x 1 x 2 x 5 AUTO
\ G S
G S
G S G S G S
G S
310
310
310
EN - 83
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
(
)
(
)
(
)
Test on RCD without integral current breaking device (with accessory RCDX10)
Differential protection type (RCD): AC ( ), A ( ), B( ) – Generali (G), Selettivi (S) e Ritardati ( )
Voltage range Phase-Earth, Phase-Neutral: 100V 265V RCD type AC and A, 190V 265V RCD type B
Rated tripping currents (IN): 0.3A 10A
Frequency: 50/60Hz 5%
RCD without integral current breaking device tripping current - (for General RCD only)
RCD type
AC, A, B
300mA IN 10A (0.3 1.1) I
I
N Range I
[mA]
N
Duration of RCD without integral current breaking device tripping time – TT/TN systems
0.3A
1.0A
1.1A
3.0A
3.1A
6.5A
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
A 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
B 999 999 999 999 999 999 310
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
A 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
B 999 999 999 999 999 999
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
A 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
B 999 999 999 999 999 999
x 1/2 x 1 x 2 x 5 AUTO
\ G S
G S
G S G S G S
Resolution [mA] Accuracy
0.1I
N
- 0%, +5%I
N
N
G S
310
310
310
310
310
310
6.6A
10.0A
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250
A 999 999 999 999 999 999
B
Table with duration of tripping time measurement [ms] - Resolution: 1ms, Accuracy:(2.0reading + 2digits)
Duration of RCD without integral current breaking device tripping time – IT systems
0.3A
3.0A
3.1A
6.5A
6.6A
10.0A
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
A
B
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250 50 150
A
B
AC 999 999 999 999 999 999 200 250
A
B
Table with duration of tripping time measurement [ms] - Resolution: 1ms, Accuracy:(2.0reading + 2digits)
x 1/2 x 1 x 2 x 5 AUTO
\ G S
G S
G S G S G S
Overall earth resistance without RCD tripping (Ra)
Voltage range Phase-Earth, Phase-Neutral: 100 265V, Frequency: 50/60Hz 5%
Global earth resistance in systems with Neutral
Range [
] Resolution []
0.01 9.99
10.0 199.9
200 1999
Ut LIM (UL): 25V or 50V, Maximum current: <15mA
0.01
0.1
1
Accuracy
5 reading + 0.1
5 reading + 1
5 reading + 3
Global earth resistance in systems without Neutral
Range [
1 1999
Maximum current: < ½ IN set ; Ut LIM (UL): 25V or 50V
] Resolution []
1
-0%, +(5.0 rdg + 3)
Accuracy
EN - 84
G S
310
310
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
)
)
)
)
Contact voltage (measured during RCD and Ra test)
Range [V] Resolution [V] Accuracy
0 Ut LIM
Contact voltage (EARTH test – TT systems)
Range [V] Resolution [V] Accuracy
0 99.9
Contact voltage (EARTH test – TN systems)
Range [V] Resolution [V] Accuracy
0 99.9
100 999
Earth resistance (MACROTESTG3 / COMBIG3 enabled)
Range [] Resolution []
0.01 9.99
10.0 99.9
100 999
1.00k 49.99k
Test current: <10mA, 77.5Hz; Open-circuit voltage: <20Vrms
(*) If 100*Rmeas < (Rs or Rh) < 1000* Rmeas, add 5% to te accuracy. Accuracy not declared if (Rs or Rh) > 1000* Rmis
Ground resistivity (MACROTESTG3 / COMBIG3 enabled)
Range [M] Resolution [m]
0.06 9.99
10.0 99.9
100 999
1.00k 9.99k
10.0k 99.9k
100k 999k
1.00M 3.14M
(*) with distance between the probes d= 10m; Distance range: 1 10m
Test current: <10mA, 77.5Hz; Open-circuit voltage: <20Vrms
Phase rotation with 1 test lead
Voltage range P-N, P-PE[V] Frequency range
100 265 50Hz/60Hz 5%
Measurement is only carried out by direct contact with metal live parts (not on insulation sheath).
Voltage drop
Range [%] Resolution [%] Accuracy
0 100
Leakage current (input In1 – STD clamp)
Range [mA] Resolution [mA] Accuracy
2 999
Environmental parameters
Measurement Range Resolution Accuracy
°C
°F
RH%
DC voltage
Lux
-20.0
60.0°C
-4.0
140.0°F
0.0%
100.0%RH
0.1mV
0.001
1.0V
20.00lux (*) 0.001 0.02Lux
0.1 2.0klux (*) 0.1 2Lux
1 20.0klux (*) 1 20Lux
(*) Accuracy of the luxmetric probe according to Class AA
0.1
0.1
0.1
1
0.01
0.1
1
0.01k
0.01
0.1
1
0.01k
0.1k
1k
0.01M
0.1
1
0.1°C
0.1°F
0.1%RH
0.1mV
-0%, +(5.0 rdg + 3V)
-0%, +(5.0 lettura + 3V
-0%, +(5.0 rdg + 3V
-0%, +(5.0 rdg + 3V
Accuracy (*)
(5% reading + 3 digits)
Accuracy (*)
(5% reading + 3 digits)
(10%rdg + 4dgt
(5.0%rdg + 2digits)
(2%rdg + 2digits)
EN - 85
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
10.2. REFERENCE GUIDELINES
Safety: IEC/EN61010-1, IEC/EN61557-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -10
Technical documentation: IEC/EN61187
Safety of measuring accessories: IEC/EN61010-031, IEC/EN61010-2-032
Insulation: double insulation
Pollution level: 2
Max operating altitude: 2000m (6562ft)
Protection index: IP50
Measurement category: CAT III 240V to earth, maximum 415V between inputs
LOW (200mA): IEC/EN61557-4
M: IEC/EN61557-2
RCD: IEC/EN61557-6 (only on Phase-Neutral-Earth systems)
LOOP P-P, P-N, P-PE: IEC/EN61557-3
EARTH: IEC/EN61557-5
123: IEC/EN61557-7
Multifunction: IEC/EN61557-10
Short circuit current : EN60909-0
Earth resistance TN system: EN61936-1 + EN50522
10.3. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Mechanical characteristics
Size (L x W x H): 225 x 165 x 75mm ; (9 x 6 x 3in)
Weight (batteries included): 1.2kg ; (42 ounces)
Power supply
Battery type: 6x1.5V alkaline batteries type AA IEC LR06 MN1500
6 x1.2V rechargeable batteries NiMH type AA
Low battery indication: low battery symbol “ ” on the display
Battery life: > 500 tests for each function
Auto Power OFF: after 5 minutes idling (if activated)
Miscellaneous
Display: TFT, color, capacitive touch-screen, 320x240mm
Memory: 999 memory locations, 3 levels of markers
Connection to PC: optical/USB port
Remote connection: WiFi connection (with optional accessory C2013)
10.4. ENVIRONMENT
10.4.1. Environmental conditions for use
Reference temperature: 23° ± 5°C ; (73°F ± 41°F)
Operating temperature: 0 ÷ 40°C ; (32°F ÷ 104°F)
Allowable relative humidity: <80%RH
Storage temperature: -10 ÷ 60°C ; (14°F ÷ 140°F)
Storage humidity: <80%RH
This instrument satisfies the requirements of Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC
(LVD) and of EMC Directive 2004/108/EC
10.5. ACCESSORIES
See the attached packing list.
EN - 86
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
11. SERVICE
11.1. WARRANTY CONDITIONS
This instrument is warranted against any material or manufacturing defect, in compliance
with the general sales conditions. During the warranty period, defective parts may be
replaced. However, the manufacturer reserves the right to repair or replace the product.
Should the instrument be returned to the After-sales Service or to a Dealer, transport will
be at the Customers charge. However, shipment will be agreed in advance. A report will
always be enclosed to a shipment, stating the reasons for the products return. Only use
original packaging for shipment. Any damage due to the use of non-original packaging
material will be charged to the Customer. The manufacturer declines any responsibility for
injury to people or damage to property.
The warranty shall not apply in the following cases:
Repair and/or replacement of accessories and battery (not covered by warranty).
Repairs that may become necessary as a consequence of an incorrect use of the
instrument or due to its use together with non-compatible appliances.
Repairs that may become necessary as a consequence of improper packaging.
Repairs which may become necessary as a consequence of interventions performed
by unauthorized personnel.
Modifications to the instrument performed without the manufacturer's explicit
authorization.
Use not provided for in the instruments specifications or in the instruction manual.
The content of this manual cannot be reproduced in any form without the manufacturer's
authorization.
Our products are patented and our trademarks are registered. The manufacturer
reserves the right to make changes in the specifications and prices if this is due to
improvements in technology.
11.2. SERVICE
If the instrument does not operate properly, before contacting the After-sales Service,
please check the conditions of batteries and cables and replace them, if necessary.
Should the instrument still operate improperly, check that the product is operated
according to the instructions given in this manual.
Should the instrument be returned to the After-sales Service or to a Dealer, transport will
be at the Customer's charge. However, shipment will be agreed in advance. A report will
always be enclosed to a shipment, stating the reasons for the products return. Only use
original packaging for shipment; any damage due to the use of non-original packaging
material will be charged to the Customer.
EN - 87
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
12. THEORETICAL APPENDIXES
12.1. CONTINUITY OF PROTECTIVE CONDUCTORS
Purpose of the test
Check the continuity of:
Protective conductors (PE), main equalizing potential conductors (EQP), secondary
equalizing potential conductors (EQS) in TT and TN-S systems
Neutral conductors having functions of protective conductors (PEN) in TN-C system.
This test is to be preceded by a visual check verifying the existence of yellow-green
protective and equalizing potential conductors as well as compliance of the sections used
with the standards requirements.
Parts of the system to be checked
Connect one of the test leads to the
protective conductor of the socket
and the other to the equalizing
potential node of the earth
installation.
Connect one of the test leads to the
external mass (in this case the water
pipe) and the other to the earth
installation using for example the
protective conductor of the closest
socket.
Fig. 34: Examples for continuity measurements on conductors
Check the continuity among:
Earth poles of all the plug sockets and earth collector or node
Earth terminals of class I appliances (boilers, etc.) and earth collector or node
Main external masses (water tubes, gas pipes, etc.) and earth collector or node
Additional external masses between each other and to earth terminal.
Allowable values
The standards do not require the measurement of continuity resistance and the
comparison of the results with limit values. The standards simply require that the
instrument in use warns the operator if the test was not carried out with a current of at
least 200mA and an open circuit voltage ranging from 4 to 24V. The resistance values may
be calculated according to the sections and lengths of the conductors under test. In
general, if the instrument detects values of some ohms, the test may be considered as
successful.
EN - 88
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
12.2. INSULATION RESISTANCE
Purpose of the test
Check that the insulation resistance of the installation complies with the requirements of
the applicable guidelines. This test has to be performed with the circuit being tested not
powered and with the possible loads it supplies disconnected.
Parts of the system to be checked
Check that the insulation resistance between:
Each active conductor and the earth (the neutral conductor is considered as an active
conductor except in TN-C power supply systems, where it is considered as part of the
earthing (PEN)). During this measurement, all active conductors may be connected to
each other. Should the measurement result not to be within the limits prescribed by the
standards, the test must be repeated separately for each single conductor.
The active conductors. The guidelines recommends also checking the insulation
between active conductors when this is possible.
Allowable values
The values of the measured voltage and of the minimum insulation resistance can be
taken from the following table
Circuit nominal voltage [V] Test voltage [V]
SELV and PELV * 250
Up to/equal to 500 V, except for the above-
mentioned circuits
Over 500 V 1000
* The terms SELV and PELV replace, in the standards new wording, the old definitions of “Very
low safety voltage” or “Very low functional voltage”
500
Insulation resistance
[M
]
0,250
1,000
1,000
Table 3: Most common test types, insulation resistance measurement
If the system includes electronic devices, it is necessary to disconnect them from the
system to prevent any damage. Should this not be possible, only perform the test between
active conductors (which, in this case, must be connected to each other) and the earth
connection.
In the presence of a very extended circuit, wires running side by side constitute a capacity
that the instrument must load in order to obtain a correct measurement; in this case it is
advisable to hold the start button of the measurement (in case you run the test in manual
mode) until the result is stable.
The "> full scale" message indicates that the insulation resistance measured by the
instrument is higher than the maximum measurable resistance, this result is obviously
much higher than the minimum limits in the standard table above, so the insulation at that
point is to be considered compliant.
EN - 89
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
12.3. CHECKING CIRCUIT SEPARATION
Definitions
A SELV system is a zero-category system or safety extra low voltage system
characterized by power supply from an independent (e.g. batteries, small generator set) or
safety source (e.g. safety transformer), protective separation from other electrical systems
(double or reinforced insulation or earthed metal screen) and absence of earthed points
(insulated from the earth).
A PELV system is a zero-category system or protective extra low voltage system
characterized by power supply from an independent (e.g. batteries, small generator set) or
safety source (e.g. safety transformer), protective separation from other electrical systems
(double or reinforced insulation or earthed metal screen) and, unlike SELV systems,
presence of earthed points (not insulated from the earth).
A system with Electrical Separation is a system characterized by a power supply from an
insulation transformer or independent source with equivalent characteristics (e.g. motor
generator set), protective separation from other electrical systems (insulation no lower
than that of the insulation transformer), protective separation to earth (insulation no lower
than that of the insulation transformer).
Purpose of the test
The test, to be performed if protection is obtained through separation must check that the
insulation resistance measured as described below (according to the type of separation)
complies with the limits reported in the table relating to insulation measurements.
Parts of the system to be checked
SELV System (Safety Extra Low Voltage):
Measure the resistance between the active parts of the circuit being tested
(separated) and the active parts of the other circuits.
Measure the resistance between the active parts of the circuit to be tested
(separated) and the earth.
PELV System (Protective Extra Low Voltage):
Measure the resistance between the active parts of the circuit being tested
(separated) and the active parts of the other circuits.
Electrical separation:
Measure the resistance between the active parts of the circuit being tested
(separated) and the active parts of the other circuits.
Measure the resistance between the active parts of the circuit to be tested
(separated) and the earth.
Allowable values
The test has a positive result when the insulation resistance shows values higher or equal
to those indicated in Table 3.
EN - 90
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
EXAMPLE OF SEPARATION TEST BETWEEN ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Insulation or safety transformer
separating the circuits
TEST BETWEEN ACTIVE PARTS
Connect an instrument probe to
one of the two conductors of the
separated circuit and the other to
one of the conductors of a nonseparated circuit.
TEST BETWEEN ACTIVE PARTS
AND EARTH
Connect an instrument probe to
one of the two conductors of the
separated circuit and the other to
the equalizing potential node. This
test must be performed for SELV
circuits or circuits with electrical
separation only.
Equalizing potential node
Fig. 35: Separation measurements between the circuits of a system
EN - 91
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
12.4. TEST ON DIFFERENTIAL SWITCHES (RCD)
Purpose of the test
Checking that the General (G) and Selective (S) and Delayed ( ) differential protection
devices have been correctly installed and adjusted and that they maintain their
characteristics over time. The check must make sure that the differential switch trips at a
current not higher than its nominal operating current IdN and that the tripping time meets
the following conditions, according to the case:
The tripping time does not exceed the maximum time as prescribed by the standard for
differential switches of a General type (according to what described in Table 4).
The tripping time is between the minimum and the maximum tripping time for
differential switches of a Selective type (according to what described in Table 4).
It does not exceed the maximum delay time (normally set by the user) in case of
Delayed differential switches.
The differential switch test performed with the test key helps so that no “gluing effect”
jeopardizes the operation of the device if it has remained unused for a long time. This test
is only performed to ascertain the mechanical functionality of the device and it is not
sufficient to declare the devices conformity to the standard regarding differential current
devices. According to statistics, switch verification through test key, if performed once a
month, reduces to a half the devices malfunction rate. However, this test only detects 24%
of the defective differential switches.
Parts of the system to be checked
All differential switches must be tested upon installation. In low-voltage systems, it is
advisable to perform this test, fundamental in order to guarantee a correct safety level. In
medical rooms, this test must be performed periodically every six months on all differential
switches as prescribed by the guidelines.
Allowable values
Two tests must be performed on each molded case RCD type: a test with a leakage
current beginning in phase with the positive half-wave of voltage (0°) and a test with a
leakage current beginning in phase with the negative half-wave of voltage (180°). The
result to be considered is the higher one. The test with ½In must not cause the differential
switch tripping.
RCD type IdN x 1 IdN x 2 IdN x 5 * Description
General 0.3s 0.15s 0.04s Maximum tripping time in seconds
Selective S
0.13s 0.05s 0.05s Minimum tripping time in seconds
0.5s 0.20s 0.15s Maximum tripping time in seconds
Table 4: Tripping times for general and selective molded case RCD type
Measurement of tripping current for protection differential switches
This test aims at checking the real tripping current of general differential switches (it
does not apply to selective differential switches).
In the presence of differential switches with selectable tripping current, it is useful to
perform this test in order to check the real tripping current of the differential switch. For
differential switches with fixed differential current, this test may be performed in order to
detect possible leakages of the users connected to the system.
Should an earth system not be available, perform the test by connecting the instrument
to a terminal on a conductor downstream of the differential device and a terminal on the
other conductor upstream of the device.
Tripping current must be between ½Idn and Idn.
EN - 92
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
12.5. VERIFY OF THE BREAKING CAPACITY OF PROTECTION DEVICES
Purpose of the test
Checking that the breaking capacity of the protection device is higher than the maximum
fault current possible in the system.
Parts of the system to be checked
The test must be performed at the point in which the maximum short-circuit current is
possible, normally immediately downstream of the protection device to be checked.
The test must be performed between phase and phase (Zpp) in three-phase systems and
between phase and neutral (Zpn) in single-phase systems.
Allowable values
The instrument performs the comparison between the measured value and the value
calculated according to the following relationships derived from standard EN60909-0:
NOM
U
LL
CIBC
3
MAXMAX
3
Z
LL
CIBC
MAXNLMAX
NOM
U
NL
Z
NL
2
Three-phase systems Single-phase systems
where: BC = breaking capacity of protection device
ZLL = Impedance measured between phase and phase
ZLN = Impedance measured between phase and neutral
Measured voltage U
C
NOM
230V-10% < Vmeasured < 230V+ 10% 230V 1.05
230V+10% < Vmeasured < 400V- 10% Vmeasured 1.10
400V-10% < Vmeasured < 400V+ 10% 400V 1.05
MAX
EN - 93
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
12.6. VERIFY OF PROTECTION AGAINST INDIRECT CONTACTS IN TN SYSTEMS
Purpose of the test
The protection against indirect contacts in the TN systems must be guarantee by means a
protection device against the overcurrents (typically MCB or fuse) which swich off the
power supply of the circuit or the electrical equipment in case of fault between an active
part and a ground mass or a protection conductor within a interval not exceeding at 5s,
sufficient for the equipments, or in compliance with the times declared in the following
Uo [V] Trip out time of protection [s]
50 120
120 230
230 400
0.8
0.4
0.2
>400 0.1
Table 5: Tripping times for protection devices
Uo = nominal AC voltage refer to ground of the system
The above conditions is satisfied by the following relationshisp:
Zs * Ia Uo
where:
Zs = Fault Loop P-PE impedance which includes the phase winding of the
transformer, the line conductor up to the fault point and the protective
conductor from the fault point to the star center of the transformer
Ia = Tripping current of the protection device within the specified time in Table 5
Uo = nominal AC voltage refer to ground
CAUTION
The instrument must be used to measure fault loop impedance values at
least 10 times higher than the resolution value of the instrument in order to
minimize errors.
Parts of the system to be checked
The test must necessarily be performed on TN and IT systems not protected by differential
devices.
Allowable values
The measurement is aimed at ensuring that in every point of the system the relationships
derived from standard EN60909-0 are satisfied:
NOM
U
PEP
CIIa
Measured voltage U
MINPEPMIN
Z
NOM
PEP
C
MIN
230V-10% < Vmeasured < 230V+ 10% 230V 0.95
230V+10% < Vmeasured < 400V- 10% Vmeasured 1.00
400V-10% < Vmeasured < 400V+ 10% 400V 0.95
EN - 94
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
Depending on the set values of phase-phase, phase-neutral or phase-PE voltage (see §
5.1.3) and the measured value of fault loop impedance, the instrument calculates the
minimum value of the assumed short-circuit current to be interrupted by the protection
device. For proper coordination, this value MUST always be greater than or equal to the Ia
value of the tripping current of the type of protection considered.
The Ia reference value (see Fig. 36) depends on:
Protection type (curve)
Rated current of the protection device
Time of fault extinction by the protection
Fig. 36: Example of curves relative to magnetothermal (MCB) protection
The instrument allows the selection of the following parameters:
MCB current (B curve) selectable among values:
6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63A
MCB current (C, K curves) selectable among values:
0.5, 1, 1.6, 2, 4, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63A
MCB current (D curve) selectable among values:
0.5, 1, 1.6, 2, 4, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 20, 25, 32A
Nominal current Fuse gG selectable among values: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 16, 20, 25, 32,
40, 50, 63, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000, 1250A
Nominal current Fuse aM selectable among values: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40,
50, 63, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630A
Time of fault extinction by the protection selectable among: 0.1s, 0.2s, 0.4s, 5s
EN - 95
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
12.7. VERIFY OF PROTECTION AGAINST INDIRECT CONTACTS IN TT SYSTEMS
Purpose of the test
Checking that the protection device is coordinated with the value of earth resistance. We
cannot assume a priori a reference limit value for earth resistance as a reference when
checking the measurements result. It is necessary to check each time that the coordination
prescribed by the standard is met.
Parts of the system to be checked
Earth installation in operating conditions. The test must be performed without
disconnecting the earth rods.
Allowable values
The value of earth resistance, however measured, must satisfy the following relation:
RA < 50 / Ia
where: RA = resistance measured of earth installation whose value can be determined
with the following measurements:
Three-wire earth resistance with voltammetric method
Impedance of the fault ring (*)
Earth resistance with two wires (**)
Earth resistance with two wires in socket (**)
Earth resistance obtained by the measurement of contact voltage Ut (**)
Earth resistance obtained by the tripping time test of the RCDs (A, AC, B),
RCD S (A, AC) (**)
I
= tripping current of the automatic RCD or rated tripping current of the RCD (in
a
case of RCD S 2 IdN) in ampere
50 = safety limit voltage (reduced down to 25V in special environments)
(*) If the system protection is obtained through a differential switch, the measurement
must be performed upstream of this switch or downstream of it by short-circuiting the
switch in order to prevent it from tripping.
(**) These methods, although not currently foreseen by guidelines provide values that
have been proven indicative of the earth resistance by numerous comparisons with the
three-wire method.
EXAMPLE OF EARTH RESISTANCE CHECK
System protected by a 30mA differential switch.
Let us measure the earth resistance by using one of the above-mentioned methods.
In order to understand if the system resistance is to be considered as compliant with
the standards, we need to multiply the value found by 0.03A (30mA).
If the result is lower than 50V (or 25V for special environments), the system can be
considered as coordinated, as it satisfies the relationship indicated above.
When dealing with 30mA differential switches (as in almost all civil systems), the
maximum allowable earth resistance is 50/0.03=1666. This enables using also the
indicated simplified methods which, although they do not provide an extremely precise
value, provide a sufficiently approximated value for coordination calculation.
EN - 96
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
12.8. VERIFY OF PROTECTION AGAINST INDIRECT CONTACTS IN IT SYSTEMS
In IT systems the active parts must be isolated from the ground or be connected to earth
through an impedance of sufficiently high value. In the case of a single earth fault current
of the first fault is weak and therefore it is not necessary to interrupt the circuit. This
connection can be made to the neutral point of the system or to an artificial neutral point. If
there is no neutral point, can be connected to earth through an impedance of a line
conductor. It must, however, take precautions to avoid the risk of harmful physiological
effects on people in contact with conductive parts simultaneously accessible in the case of
a double earth fault.
Purpose of the test
Verify that the impedance of the ground probe in which the mass are connected satisfyteh
following relationship:
UIZ*
LdE
where:
ZE = L-PE impedance of the ground probe in which the mass are connected
Id = L-PE current of first fault (typically expressed in mA)
UL = Limit contact voltage 25V or 50V
Parts of the system to be checked
The earth system under operating conditions. The verification should be performed without
disconnecting the ground probes.
EN - 97
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
12.9. VERIFY OF PROTECTION COORDINATION L-L, L-N AND L-PE
Purpose of the test
Test the coordination of protective devices (typically MCB or fuse) present in a Singlephase or Three-phase installation as a function of the limit time of fault extinction by the
protection set by the user and the calculated value of the short-circuit current.
Parts of the system to be checked
The test must be performed at the point in which the minimum short-circuit current is
possible, normally at the end of the line controlled by the protection device in the normal
condition of the line. The test must performed between Phase-Phase in the Three-phase
installations and between Phase-PE or Phase-PE in the Single-phase installation
Allowable values
The instrument performs the comparison between the calculated value of short-circuit
current and the Ia = tripping current of the protection device within the specified time,
accordinf to to following expressions:
where:
II
2_
_
_
aMinLLSC
II
aMinNLSC
II
aMinPELSC
Three-phase system Loop L-L impedance
Single-phase system Loop L-N impedance
Single-phase system Loop L-PE impedance
Isc L-L_Min2F = Prospective short-circuit current minimum double phase L-L
Isc L-N_Min = Prospective short-circuit current minimum L-N
Isc L-PE_Min = Prospective short-circuit current minimum L-PE
The calculation of prospective short-circuit current is performed by the instrument based
on the fault loop impedance measurement in compliance with the following relationships
derived from standard EN60909-0:
NOM
U
LL
CI
2_
MINMinLLSC
Z
LL
CI
_
MINMinNLSC
NOM
U
NL
Z
NL
CI
_L
MINMinPESC
NOM
U
PEL
Z
PEL
Phase – Phase Phase – Neutral Phase – PE
Measured voltage U
C
NOM
MIN
230V-10% < Vmeasured < 230V+ 10% 230V 0,95
230V+10% < Vmeasured < 400V- 10% Vmeasured 1,00
400V-10% < Vmeasured < 400V+ 10% 400V 0,95
where:
U L-L = Nominal Phase-Phase voltage
U L-N = Nominal Phase-Neutral voltage
U L-PE = Nominal Phase-PE voltage
Z L-L = Impedance Phase-Phase measured
Z L-N = Impedance Phase-Neutral measured
Z L-PE = Impedance Phase-PE measured
EN - 98
MACROTESTG3 - COMBIG3
CAUTION
The instrument must be used to measure fault loop impedance values at
least 10 times higher than the resolution value of the instrument in order to
minimize errors.
Depending on the set values of nominal voltage (see § 5.1.3) and the measured value of
fault loop impedance, the instrument calculates the minimum value of the assumed shortcircuit current to be interrupted by the protection device. For proper coordination, this value
MUST always be greater than or equal to the Ia value of the tripping current of the type of
protection considered.
The Ia reference value depends on:
Protection type (curve)
Rated current of the protection device
Time of fault extinction by the protection
The instrument allows the selection of the following parameters:
MCB current (B curve) selectable among values:
6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63A
MCB current (C, K curves) selectable among values:
0.5, 1, 1.6, 2, 4, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63A
MCB current (D curve) selectable among values:
0.5, 1, 1.6, 2, 4, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16, 20, 25, 32A
Nominal current Fuse gG selectable among values: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 16, 20, 25, 32,
40, 50, 63, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000, 1250A
Nominal current Fuse aM selectable among values: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40,
50, 63, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630A
Time of fault extinction by the protection selectable among: 0.1s, 0.2s, 0.4s, 5s
EN - 99
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