HP SA8200, SA8220, SA7200 User Manual

hp traffic director server appliances

user guide for the hp e-commerce traffic director server appliance sa8200/sa8220 and the hp traffic director server appliance sa7200/ sa7220

Hewlett-Packard Company 3000 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304-1185

Publication Number 5971-0900 February 2001

Disclaimer

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained he rein or f or incidental or conseque ntial dama ges in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Hewlett-Packard assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability of its software on equipment that is not furnished by HewlettPackard.

Warranty

A copy of the specific warranty te rm s a pplicable to your Hewle ttPackard products and replacement parts can be obtained from http://www.hp.com/serverappliances/support.

*Other brands and names are th e property of their resp ectiv e owners.

Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction 1

Introduction to the Traffic Director Server Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Benefits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Typographic Conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Chapter 2: Theory of Operations 11

General Operating Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Layer 4 (HOT) Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Layer 7 (RICH) Services (all models except the SA7200). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Out-of-Path Return (OPR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

FTP Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

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Sticky Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Sticky Persistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Sticky-timeout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Server-timeout (SA8200/SA8220 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

SSL and Sticky (SA8200/SA8220 only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Grouping Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

SSL Acceleration (SA8200/SA8220 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

SSL Fundamentals (SA8200/SA8220 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Application Message Traffic Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

HTTPS Redirect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Client Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

HTTP Header Option Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Load Balancing Across Multiple Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Balancing Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Response-Time Metrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Primary and Backup Servers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Server Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Source Address Preservation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Multi-hop Source Address Preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

RICH Expressions (not available on the SA7200) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Order of Expressions (not available on the SA7200) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Routing with Dual Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Prioritization and Policy Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Routing Method for VIP Addresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Error Detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Server Status Detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

HTTP Error Detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Serial Cable Failover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Serial Cable Failover Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Replicating the Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Status Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Contents

Chapter 3: Boot Monitor 41

Using the Boot Monitor CLI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

System Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Accessing the Boot Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Interrupting the Bootup Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Using the Run Time CLI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Boot Monitor Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Chapter 4: Graphical User Interface 59

Before You Begin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Logon Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Logging on to the GUI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Topology Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Using the Topology Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Purposes of the Topology Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Topology Screen Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Online Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Topology Screen Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Window Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Policy Manager Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Policy Manager Controls and Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Policy Manager Toolbar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Policy Manager’s Pop-up Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Policy Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Creating Policy Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Throttling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Deleting Policy Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Creating Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Additional Service Tab Controls and Displays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Balance Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Deleting Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

RICH Controls (all models except the SA7200). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Order of Expressions (all models except the SA7200) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Deleting Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

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Administration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Settings Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Software Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

System Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Agent Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Users Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Routing Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

System Role. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Active Routing Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

RIP Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

OSPF Protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Security Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Source IP Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Access Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

GUI Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

CLI Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

SNMP Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

SNMP Agent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Multi-Site Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Logging Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Specifying System Log Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Viewing the Log File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Saving Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Restoring Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Deleting Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Copying Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Viewing Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Resetting the Factory Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Sending and Retrieving Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Tools Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

ARP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Ether. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Netstat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Contents

Nslookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Reboot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Trace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Traceroute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Statistics Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Statistics Screen Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Statistics Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Graph Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Selection List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Window Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Graphing Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Chapter 5: Command Line Interface 133

CLI Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Secure Shell Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Online Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Pipes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Categorical List of CLI Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Global System Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Admin Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

File Management Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

CLI Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

IRV Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

GUI Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Routing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Policy Group Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Service Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Server Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

System Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Security Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

SNMP Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

SSL Commands (SA8200/SA8220 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Logging Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Show Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

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Run-Time CLI Command Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Global System Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Admin Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

File Management Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

CLI Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

IRV Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

GUI Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Routing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Policy Group Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

System Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Security Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

SNMP Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

SSL Commands (SA8200/SA8220 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Logging Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Show Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Chapter 6: Scenarios 207

e-Commerce Appliance Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Scenario 1: Load Balancing a Web Site with Two Servers and the SA8220 in Inline

Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Prerequisites for Scenario 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Procedure for Scenario 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Scenario 2: Load Balancing Servers with Source Address Preservation . . . . . . 214

Prerequisites for Scenario 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Procedure for Scenario 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Scenario 3: Routing Outbound Data Away from the SA8220 for OPR . . . . . . . 217

Prerequisites for Scenario 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Procedure for Scenario 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Scenario 4: Content Routing (SA7220 and SA8200/SA8220 only). . . . . . . . . . 220

Prerequisites for Scenario 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Procedure for Scenario 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Scenario 5: Using SSL Acceleration (SA8200/SA8220 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Procedure for Scenario 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Scenario 6: Using CRLs (SA8200/SA8220 only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Contents

Chapter 7: SNMP Support 233

Using SNMP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Standards Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

HP MIB Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Supported MIBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Where to find MIB Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Trap Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Standard SNMP Traps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Displaying SNMP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Configuring Community Authentication and Security Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Configuring Trap Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Other Configurable SNMP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Chapter 8: Software Updates 247

Updating Your System Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Multiple Software Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Software Image Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Saving Your Current Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Downloading and Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Rebooting with the New Image and Verifying Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Upgrading Under Serial Cable Failover Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Appendix A: Security Configuration 253

Recommended Security Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Appendix B: SSL Configuration 255

Obtaining Keys and Certificates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Copying and Pasting Keys and Certificates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Obtaining a Certificate from Verisign or another CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Importing Keys into the SA8220. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Importing Certificates into the SA8220. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Creating a new Key/Certificate on the SA8220. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

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C O N T E N T S HP Traffic Director Server Appliances User Guide

Using Global Site Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Using the CLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Generating a Client CA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Generating a CRL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Revoking a Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Using Ciphers with the SA8220 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

HTTP Header Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Appendix C: Failover Method Dependencies 269

Failover Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Appendix D: Configuring Out-of-Path Return 273

Configure OPR for Windows* 2000* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Set the Loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Configure OPR for Windows* NT*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Set the Loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Run a Web Service on the Loopback Interface Using IIS 3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Run a Web Service on the Loopback Interface Using IIS 4.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Configuring OPR for Apache Web Server on a UNIX* machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Appendix E: Diagnostics and Troubleshooting 299

Running Diagnostics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

Diagnostic LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Power Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Boot-time LED Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Run time LED Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Run time Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Appendix F: Cleaning the Dust Filter 307

Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Dust Filter Cleaning Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

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Contents

Regulatory Information 309

Taiwan Class A EMI Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

VCCI Class A (Japan). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

VCCI Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

FCC Part 15 Compliance Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Canada Compliance Statement (Industry Canada). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

CE Compliance Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

CISPR 22 Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

WARNING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

AVERTISSEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

WARNUNG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

AVVERTENZA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

ADVERTENCIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Software License Agreements 321

Support Services 325

Support for your SA8220 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

U.S. and Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Other Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Glossary 329

C O N T E N T S HP Traffic Director Server Appliances User Guide

Notes

Introduction

This chapter covers the following topics:

NOTE: For ease of reading, all models are referred to as the SA 8220 throughout this document. Unless noted otherwise, all SA8220 references refer to all models.

• Introduction to the Traffic Director Server Appliances

• Assumptions

• Benefits

• Specifications

• Typographic Conventions

C H A P T E R 1 HP Traffic Director Server Appliances User Guide

Introduction to the Traffic Director Server Appliances

The HP e-Commerce Traffic Director Server Appliance SA8200/ SA8220s and the HP Traffic Director Server Appliance SA7200/ SA7220s provide reli able load balancing, failover , and pol icy -based management to Web sites, Intranets, and e-Commerce sites. These models also include intelligen t c ont ent routi ng, a nd are t he best lo ad balancing solution available for the reasons shown below.

Feature Description Reliability

Fault Resistance

Policy-based Management

Intelligent Content Routing (SA8200/ SA8220 only)

Error Recovery

Secure Sockets Layer Acceleration (SA8200/ SA8220 only)

The SA8220 provides 7 x 24 uptime through failover systems and the inherent robustness of leading network protocols.

The SA8220-managed configurations offer many features and capabilities that improve the ava ilability and re liability of ser verbased services.

The SA8220 allows system administrators to implement classes of service, assign priority le vels, and set target response times.

The SA8220 takes application-aware routing to a new level with the ability to segment Internet content according to the requested URL.

Application intelligence allows the SA8220 to understand and correct application errors transparently to the end user.

The SA8220 can of fload en crypted web traf fic (HTTPS) providi ng a significant performance improvement over web server based Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) processing.

C H A P T E R 1 Assumptions

Assumptions

This User Guide assumes that you are a network administrator and that you have at least a basic understanding of the following:

• Networking concepts and terminology

• Network topologies

• Networks and IP routing

Benefits

SA8220 benefits are listed below.

Benefit Description Substantial performance

boost and reliability for e-Commerce (SA8200/SA8220 only)

Up to 150 times SSL acceleration (SA8200/SA8220 only)

The SA8220 can increase the speed, scalability, and reliability of multi-server e-Commerce sites. It regains the speed lost by servers processing secure transactions by delivering faster SSL processing. It integrates SSL processing with third generation traffic management technology, eliminating errors and improving Quality of Service (QoS). This unique capability ensures that customers working with sensitive information or buying online receive timely responses, do not see error messages, and are confident that delivery of their information is kept private.

E-Commerce sites suffer dramatic performance degradation as secure transactions increase. Using patent-pending technology to perform cryptographic processing offloaded from the server, the SA8220 (only) can support up to 1200 SSL connections per second.

The SA8220 enables e-Commerce sites to transact secure busine ss and deliver sen s itive information quickly, and confidentially. It performs all key management and encryption. The result is a tremendous performance boost for heavil y traf fi cked e-Commerce sites.

C H A P T E R 1 HP Traffic Director Server Appliances User Guide

Benefit Description Substantial economic

benefits (SA8200/SA8220 only)

SSL acceleration and intelligent traffic management benefits (SA8200/SA8220 only)

The SA8220 improves customer satisfaction by improving the response time for secure transactions. E-Commerce sites can now enjoy the benefits provided by having secure transactions participate in layer 7 intelligent traffic management. This creates substantial economic savings for e-Commerce sites through improve d customer satisfact ion, lower cost of ownership, and reduced server provisioning requirements.

Performance degrades dramatically as more customers access a site in secure S SL mode, frustrating to the very customers who ar e trying to make a purchase. The SA8220 is essential to providing high performance and superior levels of service when building reliable, scalable, and secure e-Commerce sites.

Off-loading SSL handling from e-Commerce servers improves overall site performance and customer response time

Accelerated SSL processing eliminates over-provisioning capacity Lower processing demands on the server creates greater capacity

for your e-Commerce site Drop-in installation avoids impacting your mission critical e-

Commerce servers Response-time based prioritized service for secure transactions Improved responsiveness, reliability, and QoS for secure

transactions means delivering the highest levels of support for paying customers

Ensures that e-Commerce merchants are always open for business by preventing “Server Too Busy” and “File Not Found” errors, even for secure transactions

C H A P T E R 1Benefits

Benefit Description Intelligent content

routing for SSL transactions (SA8200/SA8220 only)

Intelligent session recovery for transactions (all models except the SA7200)

Response-time base prioritized service for secure transactions

The SA8220 incor porates intel ligent traf fic manag ement for secur e transactions, dramatically improving an e-Commerce site’s responsiveness, reliability, and QoS. While typica l traffic management devices make decisio ns based o nly on i nfor mat io n at Layer 4 in the network stack, the SA8220 combines Layer 4 through 7 (application/content) awareness to speed up response times and eliminate error messages for secure transactions. It keeps e-Commerce sites open for business, even during back-end transaction problems or content glitches.

The SA8220 provid es Int ellige nt Session R ecover y tech nology for transactions. By monitoring co ntent within the response sent back by the server, Intelligent Session Re covery detects HTTP 400, 500, or 600 series errors, transparently rolls back the session, and redirects the transaction to another server until the request is fulfilled.

The SA8220 enables system administrators to implement varying classes of service, assign priority levels, and set target response times for secure transactions. The SA8220 continually measures the response times of each class of service group and assigns incoming reque s ts to the server that can fu lfill those requests within the predefined response time. If the response time exceeds the predefined threshold, requests designated as high priority receive preference over those of lower priority. The SA8220 allows you to offer predictable performance for high-priority secure requests.

C H A P T E R 1 HP Traffic Director Server Appliances User Guide

Specifications

SA8220 specifications are listed below.

Specification Description

Servers supported

Any Web server (Apache, Microsoft, Netscape, etc.)

Any operating system (UNIX*, Solaris*, Windows NT*, BSD*/BSDI*, AIX*, etc.)

Any server hardware (SUN, HP, IBM, Compaq, SGI, Intel-based platforms, etc.)

No practical limit on number of servers XXX

System Administration

Command line interface XXX Web-based GUI XXX SNMP monitoring (MIB II and Private

MIB)

SA7200 SA7220 SA8200/

SA8220

XXX

Dynamic configuration through

XXX

password-protected serial console, telnet, SSH v1, and SSH v2

C H A P T E R 1 Specifications

Specification Description

Performance

SA8220 is rated up to 1200 HTTPS connections/sec, 2500 RICH HTTP connections/sec, 3500 HOT connect ions/ sec, 95 Mb/sec. SA8200 is rated up to 600 HTTPS connections/sec, 1300 RICH HTTP connections/sec, 2800 HOT connect ions/ sec. Both the SA8200 and the SA8220 are rated up to 6600 Max HTTP/ HTTPS/sec.

Layer 7 traffic management XX Patent-pending technol ogy offloads all

cryptographic processing from server

Dimensions

Mounting: Standard 19-inch rack mount XXX Height: 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) XXX

SA7200 SA7220 SA8200/

SA8220

XXX

Weight Interface

Connections

Transparent Operation

Priority Classes

Width: 17 inches (43.2 cm) XXX Depth: 20.16 inches (51.21 cm) for the

XXX

SA7200, SA7220, and SA8220 Depth: 23.75 inches (60.3 cm) for the SA8200

24 pounds (10.89 kg) XXX Dual 10/100 Ethernet XXX TTY Serial - console XXX Failover port XXX Supports single or multiple Virtual IP

XXX

(VIP) addresses per domain Application/protocol types supported:

XXX

Any TCP Port, e.g., HTTP, HTTPS, FTP

C H A P T E R 1 HP Traffic Director Server Appliances User Guide

Specification Description

Intelligent Content Routing

Content: URL, file types such as *.GIF, file paths such as \ads\, file names such as Index.html

Transactions: Transaction types such as *.CGI

Intelligent Session Recovery (HTTPS is available on the SA8200/SA8220 only)

Response-time based Priority for secure and non-secure transactions)

Automatically resubmits requests XX Traps 400, 500, and 600 series errors for

HTTP and HTTPS

Sets and enacts target response times XX

Real-time performance monitoring XX

SA7200 SA7220 SA8200/

SA8220

System Fault Tolerance

Automatic server weighting and tuning XX Server-state aware (“sticky”) based on:

- Source IP XXX

- SSL session ID X

- HTTP cookie XX Single site, single or multiple

XXX

connections Automatic detection of status change

XXX

and health of servers Intelligent Resource Verification (IRV) XXX

C H A P T E R 1 Typographic Conventions

Specification Description

Security Features Supported

SSL v2 and v3 for transaction security XX SSH for secure Command Line Interface XX IP filtering XX Serial port logon XX

Typographic Co nventions

The following typographic conventions are used throughout this manual.

ONE MODEL NUMBER (SA8220): For ea se of reading , all models are referred to as the SA8220 throughout this document. Unless noted otherwise, all SA8220 references refer to all models.

NOTE: This is an example of a note.

NOTES clarify a point, emphasize vital information, or describe options, alternatives, or shortcuts.

SA7200 SA7220 SA8200/

SA8220

CAUTION: This is an example of a caution.

CAUTIONS are designed to prevent possible mistakes that could result in injury or equip m ent damage.

WARNINGS alert you to potential haza rds to life or limb. E xcept for tables, warnings are always found in the left margin.

NUMBERED LISTS indicate step-by-st ep procedures th at you must follow in numeric order, as shown below:

1. This is the first step.

2. This is the second step.

3. This is the third step, etc. BULLETED LISTS indicate options or features available to you, as

shown below:

• The first feature or option

• The second feature or option

• The third feature or option, etc.

ITALICS are used for emphasis or to indicate onscreen controls, as shown in this example:

C H A P T E R 1 HP Traffic Director Server Appliances User Guide

4. To edit the configuration settings, press the Configure tab. COMMANDS are shown in the following ways:

• Any command or command response text that appears on the terminal is presen ted in the

courier font.

• Any text that you need to type at the command line appears in

bold courier, for example:

HP SA8220/config/policygroup#create gold

• Angled brackets (< >) designate where you enter variable parameters

• Straight brackets ([ ]) show parameter choices, separated by vertical bars

• Braces ({ }) show optional commands and parameters

• VERTICAL BARS ( | ) separate the choice s of input parameter s

within straight brackets. You can choose only one of the set of choices separated by vertical bars. Do not include the vertical bar in the command.

Theory of Operations

This chapter covers the following topics:

NOTE: For ease of reading, all models are referred to as the SA 8220 throughout this document. Unless noted otherwise, all SA8220 references refer to all models. Also, all references to “RICH” functionality or “Expressions” in this chapter do not apply to the SA7200.

• Services

• FTP Limitations

• Sticky Options

• SSL Acceleration (SA8200/SA8220 only)

• Load Balancing Across Mul tiple Servers

• Server Configuration Options

• Routing with Dual Interfaces

• Prioritization and Policy Groups

• Error Detection

• Serial Cable Failover

C H A P T E R 2 HP Traffic Director Server Appliances User Guide

General Operating Principles

This chapter discusses the general operating principles for the HP eCommerce Traffic Director Ser ver Appliance SA8200/SA8220s, and the Traffic Direct or Server App liance SA7 200/SA7220s. F or detail s about the SA8220 command set, please see “Command Line Interface” in Chapter 5. For information about completing specific tasks, please see “Scenarios” in Chapter 6.

Services

NOTE: The sample commands used in this chapter are meant as examples only.

Services are the virtual resources that the SA8220 provides to network clients. Services are defined by their Virtual Internet Protocol (VIP) address and virtual port number. The SA8220 load balances network client requests for a service by receiving requests from the user and directing them for fulfillment to the m ost appropriate resource in the provider's server farm. Services are defined and created within Policy Groups (please see “Prioritization and Policy Groups in Chapter 2) and are manage d using the followin g commands:

config policygroup <policy-name> service create <service-name> vip <ipaddr> port <n umber> {type [T CP | UDP | RICH_HTTP]} {sticky [disable| src-ip | cookie]} {sticky-timeout <seconds>} {backups [enable | disable]} {response <milli-sec>} {priority <level>} {balancing [load | robin]} {server-timeout <seconds>} config policygroup <name> service delete [<name> | -all] config policygroup <name> service <name> {enable}{disable} {balancing [robin | load]} {sticky [disable | src-ip | cookie]} {sticky-timeout <seconds>} {backups [enable | disable]} {resp onse <milli-s ec> } {dup-syn <micro-sec>} {p riority <leve l>} {server-timeout <seconds>}

C H A P T E R 2 Services

Layer 4 (HOT) Services

HOT services provide very fast brokering performance. HOT services are defined in full by their VIP and port number.

In HOT or “Brokered” mode, the SA8220 performs Network Address Translation (NAT) on all incoming packets passing through the connection. NAT changes the destination IP address and port of incoming packets to those of the selected fulfillment server. The source IP address is modified to be that of the SA8220.

Fulfillment servers can be addressable by IP address, and thus can be on either local or wide area networks.

By default in HOT mode, the fulfillment server sees all requests as coming from the SA8220 rather than from the actual client. In some environments, it may be desirable to have the fu lfillment server see the requests as if they were coming directly from the client. The Source Address Preservati on (SAP) mode of the SA8220 allows t his to happen ( see “Source Address Preservation” for more detailed information).

Layer 7 (RICH) Services (all models except the SA7200)

The SA8220 allows more flexible service fulfillment for RICH (Realtime Intelligent Co ntent Handling) services. The service type “RICH_HTTP” is available on the SA8220 and enables it to make fulfillment decisions based on the content of the URL of each client HTTP request. R ICH servi ces also incl ude ad vanced e rror de tecti on, and automatic resubmission of HTTP requests under most error conditions.

As with HOT services above, fulfillment servers can be addressable by IP address, and thus can be on either local or wide area networks.

C H A P T E R 2 HP Traffic Director Server Appliances User Guide

Out-of-Path Return (OPR)

Ordinarily, the SA8220 processes all traffic in both directions between clients and the server farm. Viewing the server return traffic helps the SA8220 accurately determine server response times and handle HTTP errors. Often, the volume of data sent from the server to the client is much larger than the traffic from client to server, and checking for HTTP errors i s not required . In such situatio ns, you can use OPR mode to increase performance . OPR is enabled by typing the following command:

config policygroup <name> service <name> server <name> port <port> mode [opr]

NOTE: OPR is not applicable to Layer 7 services.

FTP Limitations

Each server for which OPR is e nabled must have its loopback interface configured to identify itself as the VIP of the brokered service. This allows the server to respond directly to the client. The server’s loopback interface, or an equivalent interface that will not respond to ARP requests, must be configured before setting up the SA8220 for OPR. For more information, please see “Configuring Out-of-Path Return in Appendix D.

The table below l ists those limitati ons of FTP on the SA8200.

Mode Active FTP Passive FTP HOT HOT with SAP OPR

HOT with SAP does not change the server 's IP address during Passive FTP because the server is making the co nnection directly to the client, using its real IP address. If the server’s IP address is not a "real" IP address, this mode will not work.

No Yes Yes Yes (see below ) No No

C H A P T E R 2 Sticky Options

Sticky Options

Some services operate best if all requ ests from a specific client during a single session are directed to the same fulfillment server. For example, if the server maintains a local database of client act i vity or context (shopping ca rt, registration info, navigation history, etc. ), it is important that subsequent client requests go to the server with these database records. The SA8220's “sticky” options allow this to occur.

Sticky is available in the two modes shown below.

Mode Description Source IP

address (“src-ip”)

Requests from a given IP address are directed to a single server.

The requesting browser is given a cookie, which subsequently identifies it as a unique requestor to be directed to a single server . This method uni quely identifies the client even if the request passes through a proxy server. RICH service is required.

Sticky source IP for SSL uses the SSL session ID for stickiness instead of the source IP of the client.

Both HTTP and HTTPS services can be RICH. However, i nco ming RICH SSL connections will always be decrypted and sent on to the fulfillment servers in clear text. Sticky cookie must be used when the clients need to remain stuck to the same server bet we en HTTPS and HTTP.

There is no sticky cookie requirement for HTTPS traffic. Each brokered service can be configured with sticky cookie, sticky

IP, or no sticky option enabled. When a sticky option is configured, all client requests (identified according to the enabled sticky mode) during a session are routed to the same fulfillment server. When the sticky option is disabled, the SA8220 determines the best fulfillment server for each client request and directs them accordingly.

C H A P T E R 2 HP Traffic Director Server Appliances User Guide

Sticky Per sis te nce

For source-ip based sticky, the relationship between the client IP address and the fulfillment server remains in effect for the entire time the SA8220 is on li ne or un ti l t he st i cky ti meou t value expires. In the event of failover, the sticky r elationship is lost. Cookie sticky re mains in effect while the browser is running or until the sticky timeout value expires. Since the browser maintains the cookie, cookie sticky is maintained in the event of failover. The system clocks on both SA8220s must be synchr onized for failover handli ng to work. You do this by enabling NTP (Network Time Protocol) using the Boot Monitor. The administrator can control th e length of time a server is forced to handle serial requests from a single client using the sticky timeout value.

NOTE: SA7200 sticky support allows for source IP ONLY. All cookie sticky RICH services will be stuck to the same server for the duration of the sticky timeout value.

Sticky-timeout

The current software version for the SA8220 treats the timeo ut differently for cookie versus source-ip sticky. With source-ip sticky, the timeout is reset with every connection from the client (so that the timeout is effectivel y an "idle time"). With cookie st icky, the timeout starts with the first connection from the client to the server, and never gets reset. When the cookie expires, even if actively being used, the next connection will be load balanced to a new server.

We recommend that you set the cookie sti cky timeout value to at least

1.5 times the maximum amou nt of time a user will expect to be stu ck

to a server. If you are uncertain of the exact setting, we recommend using 43200 seconds (12 hours).

Server-timeout (SA8200/SA8220 only)

A server timeout, which causes a change in servers, can appear as a cookie sticky state change. The recommended value for server timeout is at least 1.5 times the maximum server response time.

We recommend that you set the value to 120 seconds.

C H A P T E R 2 SSL Acceleration (SA8200/SA8220 only)

SSL and Sticky (SA8200/SA8220 only)

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer, o r HTTPS)-enabled servic es can also be made sticky by specifying “sticky cookie” or “sticky src-ip” on the CLI. For SSL services, sticky cookie behaves exactly as it does for ordinary HTTP services. Source IP sticky uses the SSL session ID to maintain server conte xt. The server relation s hip will not survive failover. As with sticky cookie, use of the session ID uniquely identifies the cli ent even i f the req uest passes throug h a prox y server.

Grouping Services

NOTE: RICH is required for sticky service grouping.

SSL Acceleration (SA8200/ SA8220 only)

The SA8220's sticky capabilities can ensure that all service requests from the same user are routed to the same server. Enabling sticky cookie on multiple services ensures t hat requests from the same client will be routed to the same fulfillment server for the duration of the sticky relationship. Of course the server must be able to fulfill all service requests to have a true one-to-one client-server relationship.

The SA8220 is a powerful addition to any web site desiring high security levels. It was specifically created to manage secure traffic going to and fr om critical appli cations. It handl es SSL traffic i nto and out of the customer's environment, as well as providing load balancing, fault management, and error recovery.

The SA8220 includes cryptograph ic software f eatures an d hardwarebased acceleration . It provid es up to 1200 S SL (HTTPS) connections per second (SA8220 only), far e xceeding the performance of even the most powerful web servers on the market today.

The SA8220 allows users t o of floa d S SL pr ocessi ng fr om t heir bac k end servers, and at the same time achieve full-featured traffic management. In a SA8220 environment, all encrypted traffic— required by e-commerce applications—is handled at the SA8220. The interaction between the SA8220 and the servers is done in the clear, allowing load balancing and session management.

SSL processing is enabled by assigning an RSA pri vate key (a public encryption key alg orit hm invented in 1977) and an X.509 certificate to a Layer 7 service. The SA8220 Command Line Interface (CLI) allows you to crea te or impo rt keys a nd certific ate when you define a service. Once the key and certificate are in place, secure HTTP (HTTPS) requests are decrypted and passed on to the web server. The

C H A P T E R 2 HP Traffic Director Server Appliances User Guide

SA8220’s dual NIC and packet filtering capabilities can be used to isolate the web servers from the Internet, further preventing unauthorized access.

SSL Fundamentals (SA8200/ SA8220 only)

SSL involves an interchange of keys used both to authenticate the parties and to provide information to securely encrypt confidential data. The keys distributed in this medium are “one way,” or asymmetric. That is, they can only be used to encrypt confidential data, and only t he “owner” of the public key can decrypt the data on ce it is encrypted using the publ ic key information. SSL assures the three things shown below.

Benefit Description

Authenticity Verifies the identities of the two parties Privacy None other than the transacting partie s can access

the information being exchanged.

Integrity The message cannot be altered in t ra nsit bet ween

the two parties by a third party without the alteration being detected.

To establish a secure session with a server, the client sends a “hello” message to which the server responds with its certificate and an encryption methodol ogy. The client then responds wit h an encrypted random challenge, which is used to establish the session keys. This method allows two parties to quickly establish each others’ identities and establish a secure connection.

Several encryption methods are employed. Common ones are DES, 3DES, RC2, and RC4. Key size can be varied to determine the level of security desired. A longer key is more secure.

The SA8220 supports all common keys and ciphers, as well as the following encryption methods: DES, DES3, and RC2 & RC4. The SA8220 includes a licensed version of t he RSA code embedded in the security module as well. The device's session management software has been certified by prominent security agencies and meets all standards for SSL traffic.

The SA8220 handles all the handshaking, key establishment, and bulk encryption for SSL transactions. Essentially, the SA8220 is a full-featured, SSL-enabled web server. Traditionally, these functions

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