HP Prime Graphing Calculator User Manual

HP Prime Graphing Calculator

User Guide

Edition1 Part Number NW280-2001

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This manual and any examples contained herein are provided "as is" and are subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard Company makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, noninfringement and fitness for a particular purpose.

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Hewlett-Packard Company shall not be liable for any errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this manual or the examples contained herein.

Product Regulatory & Environment Information

Product Regulatory and Environment Information is provided on the CD shipped with this product.

Copyright © 2013 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of this manual is prohibited without prior written permission of Hewlett-Packard Company, except as allowed under the copyright laws.

Printing History

Edition 1 July 2013

Preface

Manual conventions ................................................................ 9

Notice ................................................................................. 10

1 Getting started

Before starting ...................................................................... 11

On/off, cancel operations...................................................... 12

The display .......................................................................... 13

Sections of the display ...................................................... 14

Navigation........................................................................... 16

Touch gestures ................................................................. 17

The keyboard ....................................................................... 18

Context-sensitive menu ...................................................... 19

Entry and edit keys................................................................ 20

Shift keys......................................................................... 22

Adding text...................................................................... 23

Math keys ....................................................................... 24

Menus ................................................................................. 28

Toolbox menus................................................................. 29

Input forms ........................................................................... 29

System-wide settings .............................................................. 30

Home settings .................................................................. 30

Specifying a Home setting ................................................. 35

Mathematical calculations ...................................................... 36

Choosing an entry type ..................................................... 36

Entering expressions ......................................................... 37

Reusing previous expressions and results ............................. 40

Storing a value in a variable.............................................. 42

Complex numbers ................................................................. 44

Sharing data ........................................................................ 44

Online Help ......................................................................... 46

2 Reverse Polish Notation (RPN)

History in RPN mode ............................................................. 48

Sample calculations............................................................... 49

Manipulating the stack........................................................... 51

3 Computer algebra system (CAS)

CAS view............................................................................. 53

CAS calculations................................................................... 54

Settings................................................................................ 55

Contents 1

4 Exam Mode

Modifying the default configuration.....................................62

Creating a new configuration ............................................. 63

Activating Exam Mode ........................................................... 64

Cancelling exam mode......................................................66

Modifying configurations........................................................66

To change a configuration ................................................. 66

To return to the default configuration ...................................67

Deleting configurations ......................................................67

5 An introduction to HP apps

Application Library ................................................................ 71

App views ............................................................................ 73

Symbolic view ..................................................................73

Symbolic Setup view ......................................................... 74

Plot view.......................................................................... 75

Plot Setup view .................................................................76

Numeric view................................................................... 77

Numeric Setup view ..........................................................78

Quick example......................................................................79

Common operations in Symbolic view...................................... 81

Symbolic view: Summary of menu buttons............................ 86

Common operations in Symbolic Setup view.............................87

Common operations in Plot view ............................................88

Zoom ..............................................................................88

Trace...............................................................................94

Plot view: Summary of menu buttons....................................96

Common operations in Plot Setup view.....................................96

Configure Plot view ...........................................................96

Common operations in Numeric view .................................... 100

Zoom ............................................................................100

Evaluating......................................................................102

Custom tables.................................................................103

Numeric view: Summary of menu buttons...........................104

Common operations in Numeric Setup view............................105

Combining Plot and Numeric Views....................................... 106

Adding a note to an app...................................................... 106

Creating an app.................................................................. 107

App functions and variables .................................................109

2 Contents

6 Function app

Getting started with the Function app .................................... 111

Analyzing functions............................................................. 118

The Function Variables......................................................... 122

Summary of FCN operations ................................................ 124

7 Advanced Graphing app

Getting started with the Advanced Graphing app ................... 126

Plot Gallery ........................................................................ 134

Exploring a plot from the Plot Gallery................................ 134

8Geometry

Getting started with the Geometry app .................................. 135

Plot view in detail................................................................ 141

Plot Setup view............................................................... 146

Symbolic view in detail........................................................ 148

Symbolic Setup view....................................................... 150

Numeric view in detail ........................................................ 150

Geometric objects ............................................................... 153

Geometric transformations ................................................... 161

Geometry functions and commands....................................... 165

Symbolic view: Cmds menu ............................................. 165

Numeric view: Cmds menu.............................................. 182

Other Geometry functions................................................ 189

9 Spreadsheet

Getting started with the Spreadsheet app............................... 195

Basic operations ................................................................. 199

Navigation, selection and gestures ................................... 199

Cell references ............................................................... 200

Cell naming................................................................... 200

Entering content ............................................................. 201

Copy and paste ............................................................. 204

External references .............................................................. 204

Referencing variables...................................................... 205

Using the CAS in spreadsheet calculations ............................. 206

Buttons and keys ................................................................. 207

Formatting options .............................................................. 208

Spreadsheet functions.......................................................... 210

10 Statistics 1Var app

Getting started with the Statistics 1Var app ............................ 211

Entering and editing statistical data....................................... 215

Computed statistics.............................................................. 218

Plotting .............................................................................. 219

Contents 3

Plot types ....................................................................... 219

Setting up the plot (Plot Setup view)...................................221

Exploring the graph ........................................................221

11 Statistics 2Var app

Getting started with the Statistics 2Var app.............................223

Entering and editing statistical data ....................................... 228

Numeric view menu items ................................................229

Defining a regression model ................................................. 231

Computed statistics ..............................................................233

Plotting statistical data..........................................................234

Plot view: menu items ...................................................... 236

Plot setup ....................................................................... 236

Predicting values.............................................................237

Troubleshooting a plot .....................................................238

12 Inference app

Getting started with the Inference app....................................239

Importing statistics ...............................................................243

Hypothesis tests................................................................... 245

One-Sample Z-Test .......................................................... 246

Two-Sample Z-Test .......................................................... 247

One-Proportion Z-Test ...................................................... 248

Two-Proportion Z-Test ...................................................... 249

One-Sample T-Test ..........................................................250

Two-Sample T-Test........................................................... 251

Confidence intervals ............................................................ 253

One-Sample Z-Interval .....................................................253

Two-Sample Z-Interval...................................................... 253

One-Proportion Z-Interval .................................................254

Two-Proportion Z-Interval.................................................. 255

One-Sample T-Interval...................................................... 256

Two-Sample T-Interval ......................................................256

13 Solve app

Getting started with the Solve app .........................................259

One equation.................................................................260

Several equations ...........................................................263

Limitations...................................................................... 264

Solution information............................................................. 265

14 Linear Solver app

Getting started with the Linear Solver app...............................267

Menu items.........................................................................269

4 Contents

15 Parametric app

Getting started with the Parametric app ................................. 271

16 Polar app

Getting started with the Polar app ......................................... 277

17 Sequence app

Getting started with the Sequence app .................................. 281

Another example: Explicitly-defined sequences ....................... 285

18 Finance app

Getting Started with the Finance app..................................... 287

Time value of money (TVM) .................................................. 290

TVM calculations: Another example....................................... 291

Calculating amortizations..................................................... 293

19 Triangle Solver app

Getting started with the Triangle Solver app ........................... 295

Choosing triangle types ....................................................... 297

Special cases ..................................................................... 298

20 The Explorer apps

Linear Explorer app............................................................. 299

Quadratic Explorer app....................................................... 302

Trig Explorer app................................................................ 304

21 Functions and commands

Keyboard functions ............................................................. 309

Math menu......................................................................... 313

Numbers ....................................................................... 313

Arithmetic...................................................................... 314

Trigonometry.................................................................. 316

Hyperbolic .................................................................... 317

Probability..................................................................... 317

List................................................................................ 322

Matrix........................................................................... 323

Special ......................................................................... 323

CAS menu.......................................................................... 324

Algebra ........................................................................ 324

Calculus ........................................................................ 326

Solve ............................................................................ 330

Rewrite.......................................................................... 332

Integer .......................................................................... 337

Polynomial..................................................................... 339

Plot............................................................................... 346

Contents 5

App menu ..........................................................................347

Function app functions..................................................... 348

Solve app functions......................................................... 349

Spreadsheet app functions ...............................................349

Statistics 1Var app functions............................................. 363

Statistics 2Var app functions............................................. 365

Inference app functions....................................................366

Finance app functions .....................................................372

Linear Solver app functions .............................................. 374

Triangle Solver app functions ...........................................374

Linear Explorer functions .................................................. 376

Quadratic Explorer functions ............................................377

Common app functions....................................................377

Ctlg menu...........................................................................378

Creating your own functions ................................................. 421

22 Variables

Qualifying variables ............................................................ 427

Home variables................................................................... 428

App variables ..................................................................... 429

Function app variables ....................................................429

Geometry app variables ..................................................430

Spreadsheet app variables............................................... 431

Solve app variables ........................................................431

Advanced Graphing app variables ...................................432

Statistics 1Var app variables ............................................433

Statistics 2Var app variables ............................................435

Inference app variables ................................................... 437

Parametric app variables .................................................439

Polar app variables.........................................................440

Finance app variables .....................................................440

Linear Solver app variables..............................................441

Triangle Solver app variables ...........................................441

Linear Explorer app variables........................................... 441

Quadratic Explorer app variables..................................... 441

Trig Explorer app variables ..............................................442

Sequence app variables ..................................................442

23 Units and constants

Units .................................................................................. 443

Unit calculations ..................................................................444

Unit tools............................................................................446

Physical constants................................................................ 447

List of constants...............................................................449

6 Contents

24 Lists

Create a list in the List Catalog ............................................. 451

The List Editor................................................................. 453

Deleting lists ....................................................................... 455

Lists in Home view............................................................... 455

List functions ....................................................................... 457

Finding statistical values for lists............................................ 461

25 Matrices

Creating and storing matrices............................................... 464

Working with matrices......................................................... 465

Matrix arithmetic................................................................. 469

Solving systems of linear equations ....................................... 472

Matrix functions and commands............................................ 474

Matrix functions .................................................................. 475

Examples....................................................................... 486

26 Notes and Info

The Note Catalog ............................................................... 489

The Note Editor .................................................................. 490

27 Programming in HP PPL

The Program Catalog .......................................................... 498

Creating a new program ..................................................... 501

The Program Editor ......................................................... 502

The HP Prime programming language ................................... 511

The User Keyboard: Customizing key presses .................... 516

App programs ............................................................... 520

Program commands ............................................................ 527

Commands under the Tmplt menu..................................... 528

Block ............................................................................ 528

Branch .......................................................................... 528

Loop ............................................................................. 529

Variable........................................................................ 533

Function ........................................................................ 533

Commands under the Cmds menu .................................... 534

Strings .......................................................................... 534

Drawing........................................................................ 536

Matrix........................................................................... 544

App Functions ................................................................ 546

Integer .......................................................................... 547

I/O .............................................................................. 549

More ............................................................................ 554

Variables and Programs .................................................. 556

Contents 7

28 Basic integer arithmetic

The default base.................................................................. 582

Changing the default base ............................................... 583

Examples of integer arithmetic...............................................584

Integer manipulation ............................................................ 585

Base functions .....................................................................586

A Glossary B Troubleshooting

Calculator not responding .................................................... 591

To reset ......................................................................... 591

If the calculator does not turn on .......................................591

Operating limits ..................................................................592

Status messages .................................................................. 592

C Product regulatory information

Federal Communications Commission notice...........................595

European Union Regulatory Notice........................................597

Index ...................................................................................601

8 Contents

Preface

Manual conventions

The following conventions are used in this manual to represent the keys that you press and the menu options that you choose to perform operations.

• A key that initiates an unshifted function is represented by an image of that key:

e,B,H, etc.

• A key combination that initiates a shifted unction (or inserts a character) is represented by the appropriate shift key ( function or character:

Sh initiates the natural exponential function

and

The name of the shifted function may also be given in parentheses after the key combination:

SJ(Clear), SY (Setup)

• A key pressed to insert a digit is represented by that digit:

S or A) followed by the key for that

Az inserts the pound character (#)

5, 7, 8, etc.

• All fixed on-screen text—such as screen and field names—appear in bold:

CAS Settings,

• A menu item selected by touching the screen is represented by an image of that item:

, , .

Note that you must use your finger to select a menu item. Using a stylus or something similar will not select whatever is touched.

Preface 9

XSTEP, Decimal Mark, etc.

• Items you can select from a list, and characters on the entry line, are set in a non-proportional font, as follows:

Function, Polar, Parametric, Ans, etc.

Notice

• Cursor keys are represented by You use these keys to move from field to field on a screen, or from one option to another in a list of options.

• Error messages are enclosed in quotation marks:

“Syntax Error”

This manual and any examples contained herein are provided as-is and are subject to change without notice. Except to the extent prohibited by law, Hewlett-Packard Company makes no express or implied warranty of any kind with regard to this manual and specifically disclaims the implied warranties and conditions of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose and Hewlett-Packard Company shall not be liable for any errors or for incidental or consequential damage in connection with the furnishing, performance or use of this manual and the examples herein.

 1994–1995, 1999–2000, 2003–2006, 2010–2013 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

=, \, >, and <.

The programs that control your HP Prime are copyrighted and all rights are reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of those programs without prior written permission from Hewlett-Packard Company is also prohibited.

For hardware warranty information, please refer to the HP Prime Quick Start Guide.

Product Regulatory and Environment Information is provided on the CD shipped with this product.

10 Preface

Getting started

The HP Prime Graphing Calculator is an easy-to-use yet powerful graphing calculator designed for secondary mathematics education and beyond. It offers hundreds of functions and commands, and includes a computer algebra system (CAS) for symbolic calculations.

In addition to an extensive library of functions and commands, the calculator comes with a set of HP apps. An HP app is a special application designed to help you explore a particular branch of mathematics or to solve a problem of a particular type. For example, there is a HP app that will help you explore geometry and another to help you explore parametric equations. There are also apps to help you solve systems of linear equations and to solve time-value-of-money problems.

The HP Prime also has its own programming language you can use to explore and solve mathematical problems.

Functions, commands, apps and programming are covered in detail later in this guide. In this chapter, the general features of the calculator are explained, along with common interactions and basic mathematical operations.

Before starting

Charge the battery fully before using the calculator for the first time. To charge the battery, either:

• Connect the calculator to a computer using the USB cable that came in the package with your HP Prime. (The PC needs to be on for charging to occur.)

• Connect the calculator to a wall outlet using the HPprovided wall adapter.

Getting started 11

When the calculator is on, a battery symbol appears in the title bar of the screen. Its appearance will indicate how much power the battery has. A flat battery will take approximately 4 hours to become fully charged.

Battery Warning • To reduce the risk of fire or burns, do not

disassemble, crush or puncture the battery; do not short the external contacts; and do not dispose of the battery in fire or water.

• To reduce potential safety risks, only use the battery provided with the calculator, a replacement battery provided by HP, or a compatible battery recommended by HP.

• Keep the battery away from children.

• If you encounter problems when charging the

calculator, stop charging and contact HP immediately.

Adapter Warning • To reduce the risk of electric shock or damage to

equipment, only plug the AC adapter into an AC outlet that is easily accessible at all times.

• To reduce potential safety risks, only use the AC adapter provided with the calculator, a replacement AC adapter provided by HP, or an AC adapter purchased as an accessory from HP.

On/off, cancel operations

To turn on Press

To cancel When the calculator is on, pressing the J key cancels

the current operation. For example, it will clear whatever you have entered on the entry line. It will also close a menu and a screen.

To turn off Press

To save power, the calculator turns itself off after several minutes of inactivity. All stored and displayed information is saved.

12 Getting started

to turn on the calculator.

(Off) turn the calculator off.

The Home View Home view is the starting point for many calculations.

Most mathematical functions are available in the Home view. Some additional functions are available in the computer algebra system (CAS). A history of your previous calculations is retained and you can re-use a previous calculation or its result.

To display Home view, press

The CAS View CAS view enables you to perform symbolic calculations. It

is largely identical to Home view—it even has its own history of past calculations—but the CAS view offers some additional functions.

To display CAS view, press

Protective cover The calculator is provided with a slide cover to protect the

display and keyboard. Remove the cover by grasping both sides of it and pulling down.

You can reverse the slide cover and slide it onto the back of the calculator. This will ensure that you do not misplace the cover while you are using the calculator.

To prolong the life of the calculator, always place the cover over the display and keyboard when you are not using the calculator.

The display

To adjust the brightness

To clear the display • Press J or O to clear the entry line.

Getting started 13

To adjust the brightness of the display, press and hold

O, then press the

decrease the brightness. The brightness will change with each press of the

• Press

SJ (Clear) to clear the entry line and the

history.

or w key to increase or

key.

Sections of the display

Title bar

History

Menu buttons

Entry line

Home view has four sections (shown above). The title bar shows either the screen name or the name of the app you are currently using—Function in the example above. It also shows the time, a battery power indicator, and a number of symbols that indicate various calculator settings. These are explained below. The a record of your past calculations. The displays the object you are currently entering or modifying. The relevant to the current display. These options are selected by tapping the corresponding menu button. You close a menu, without making a selection from it, by pressing

Annunciators. Annunciators are symbols or characters

that appear in the title bar. They indicate current settings, and also provide time and battery power information.

history displays

entry line

menu buttons are options that are

Annunciator Meaning

[Lime green] The angle mode setting is currently

degrees.

[Lime green] The angle mode setting is currently

radians.

[Cyan] The Shift key is active. The function

shown in blue on a key will be activated when a key is pressed. Press

14 Getting started

S to cancel shift mode.

Annunciator Meaning (Continued)

CAS

[White] You are working in CAS view, not

Home view.

...Z

[orange] In Home view

The Alpha key is active. The character shown in orange on a key will be entered in uppercase when a key is pressed. See “Adding text” on page 23 for more information.

In CAS view

The Alpha–Shift key combination is active. The character shown in orange on a key will be entered in uppercase when a key is pressed. See “Adding text” on page 23 for more information.

[orange] In Home view

a...z

The Alpha–Shift key combination is active. The character shown in orange on a key will be entered in lowercase when a key is pressed. See “Adding text” on page 23 for more information.

In CAS view

The Alpha key is active. The character shown in orange on a key will be entered in lowercase when a key is pressed. See “Adding text” on page 23 for more information.

[Yellow] The user keyboard is active. All the

following key presses will enter the customized objects associated with the key. See “The User Keyboard: Customizing key presses” on page 516 for more information.

Getting started 15

Annunciator Meaning (Continued)

1U1U

[Yellow] The user keyboard is active. The

next key press will enter the customized object associated with the key. See “The User Keyboard: Customizing key presses” on page 516 for more information.

[Time] Current time. The default is 24-hour

format, but you can choose

AM–PM

format. See “Home settings” on page 30 for more information.

Navigation

[Green with gray border]

Battery-charge indicator.

The HP Prime offers two modes of navigation: touch and keys. In many cases, you can tap on an icon, field, menu, or object to select (or deselect) it. For example, you can open the Function app by tapping once on its icon in the Application Library. However, to open the Application Library, you will need to press a key:

Instead of tapping an icon in the Application Library, you can also press the cursor keys—

=,\,<,>—until the

app you want to open is highlighted, and then press

E. In the Application Library, you can also type the

first one or two letters of an app’s name to highlight the app. Then either tap the app’s icon or press open it.

Sometimes a touch or key–touch combination is available. For example, you can deselect a toggle option either by tapping twice on it, or by using the arrow keys to move to the field and then tapping a touch button along the bottom of the screen (in this case ).

E to

Note that you must use your finger or a capacitive stylus to select an item by touch.

16 Getting started

Touch gestures

In addition to selection by tapping, there are other touchrelated operations available to you:

To quickly move from page to page, flick:

Place a finger on the screen and quickly swipe it in the desired direction (up or down).

To pan, drag your finger horizontally or vertically across the screen.

To quickly zoom in, make an open pinch:

Place the thumb and a finger close together on the screen and move them apart. Only lift them from the screen when you reach the desired magnification.

To quickly zoom out, make an closed pinch:

Place the thumb and a finger some distance apart on the screen and move them toward each other. Only lift them from the screen when you reach the desired magnification.

Note that pinching to zoom only works in applications that feature zooming (such as where graphs are plotted). In other applications, pinching will do nothing, or do something other than zooming. For example, in the Spreadsheet app, pinching will change the width of a column or the height of a row.

Getting started 17

The keyboard

The numbers in the legend below refer to the parts of the keyboard described in the illustration on the next page.

Number Feature

1 LCD and touch-screen: 320 × 240 pixels

2 Context-sensitive touch-button menu

3HP Apps keys

4 Home view and preference settings

5 Common math and science functions

6Alpha and Shift keys

7On, Cancel and Off key

8 List, matrix, program, and note catalogs

9Last Answer key (Ans)

10 E n t e r key

11 Backspace and Delete key

12 Menu (and Paste) key

13 CAS (and CAS preferences) key

14 View (and Copy) key

15 Es ca pe (a nd Cl ea r) key

16 He l p k e y

17 Rocker wheel (for cursor movement)

18 Getting started

Context-sensitive menu

A context-sensitive menu occupies the bottom line of the screen.

The options available depend on the context, that is, the view you are in. Note that the menu items are activated by touch.

Getting started 19

There are two types of buttons on the context-sensitive menu:

• menu button: tap to display a pop-up menu. These buttons have square corners along their top (such as

• command button: tap to initiate a command. These buttons have rounded corners (such as in the illustration above).

Entry and edit keys

The primary entry and edit keys are:

Keys Purpose

N to r Enter numbers

or J Cancels the current operation or

in the illustration above).

clears the entry line.

Enters an input or executes an operation. In calculations, acts like “=”. When or

is present as a menu key,

For entering a negative number. For example, to enter –25, press

acts the same as pressing

or .

Q25. Note: this is not the same

operation that is performed by the subtraction key (

w).

F Math template: Displays a palette

of pre-formatted templates representing common arithmetic expressions.

20 Getting started

Enters the independent variable (that is, either X, T,  or N, depend- ing on the app that is currently active).

Keys Purpose (Continued)

Sv Relations palette: Displays a palette

of comparison operators and Boolean operators.

Sr Special symbols palette: Displays a

palette of common math and Greek characters.

Sc Automatically inserts the degree,

minute, or second symbol according to the context.

C Backspace. Deletes the character to

the left of the cursor. It will also return the highlighted field to its default value, if it has one.

(Clear) Clears all data on the screen

<>=\

Delete. Deletes the character to the right of the cursor.

(including the history). On a settings screen—for example Plot Setup—returns all settings to their default values.

Cursor keys: Moves the cursor around the display. Press move to the end of a menu or screen, or start. (These keys represent the directions of the rocker wheel.)

to move to the

Getting started 21

Keys Purpose (Continued)

Shift keys

There are two shift keys that you use to access the operations and characters printed on the bottom of the

and A.

keys:

Key Purpose

Displays all the available characters. To enter a character, use the cursor keys to highlight it, and then tap . To select multiple characters, select one, tap , and continue likewise before pressing . There are many pages of characters. You can jump to a particular Unicode block by tapping and selecting the block. You can also flick from page to page.

Press S to access the operations printed in blue on a key. For instance, to access the settings for Home view, press

SH.

A Press the A key to access the

characters printed in orange on a key. For instance, to type Z in Home view, press

y. For a lowercase letter, press AS and then the letter. In CAS

view,

lowercase letter, and another letter gives an uppercase letter.

22 Getting started

and then press

and another key gives a

AS and

Adding text

The text you can enter directly is shown by the orange characters on the keys. These characters can only be entered in conjunction with the

A and S keys. Both

uppercase and lowercase characters can be entered, and the method is exactly the opposite in CAS view than in Home view.

Keys Effect in Home view Effect in CAS view

AS A

AA AA

Makes the next character uppercase

Lock mode: makes all characters uppercase until the mode is reset

With uppercase locked, makes the next character lowercase

Makes the next character lowercase

Lock mode: makes all characters lowercase until the mode is reset

With lowercase locked, makes the next character uppercase

With lowercase locked, makes all characters uppercase until the mode is reset

Reset uppercase lock mode

Reset lowercase lock mode

Makes the next character lowercase

Lock mode: makes all characters lowercase until the mode is reset

With lowercase locked, makes the next character uppercase

Makes the next character uppercase

Lock mode: makes all characters uppercase until the mode is reset

With uppercase locked, makes the next character lowercase

With uppercase locked, makes all characters lowercase until the mode is reset

Reset lowercase lock mode

Reset uppercase lock mode

You can also enter text (and other characters) by displaying the characters palette:

Getting started 23

Math keys

The most common math functions have their own keys on the keyboard (or a key in combination with the

Example 1: To calculate SIN(10), press e10 an d

press

angle measure setting is radians).

Example 2: To find the square root of 256, press

Sj 256 and press

is 16. Notice that the represented in blue on the next key pressed (in this case √ on the

The mathematical functions not represented on the keyboard are on the “Functions and commands”, starting on page 307).

Note that the order in which you enter operands and operators is determined by the entry mode. By default, the entry mode is textbook, which means that you enter operands and operators just as you would if you were writing the expression on paper. If your preferred entry mode is Reverse Polish Notation, the order of entry is different. (See chapter 2, “Reverse Polish Notation (RPN)”, starting on page 47.)

. The answer displayed is –0.544… (if your

. The answer displayed

S key initiates the operator

j key).

Math, CAS, and Catlg menus (see chapter 21,

S key).

Math template

24 Getting started

The math template key (F) helps you insert the framework for common calculations (and for vectors, matrices, and hexagesimal numbers). It displays a palette of pre-formatted outlines to which you add the constants, variables, and so on. Just tap on the template you want (or use the arrow keys to highlight it and press to complete the calculation.

E). Then enter the components needed

Example: Suppose you want to find the cube root of

945:

Math shortcuts

1. In Home view, press

2. Select .

The skeleton or framework for your calculation now appears on the entry line:

3. Each box on the template needs to be completed:

>945

4. Press

The template palette can save you a lot of time, especially with calculus calculations.

You can display the palette at any stage in defining an expression. In other words, you don’t need to start out with a template. Rather, you can embed one or more templates at any point in the definition of an expression.

As well as the math template, there are other similar screens that offer a palette of special characters. For example, pressing special symbols palette, shown at the right. Select a character by tapping it (or scrolling to it and pressing

E to display the result: 9.813…

Sr displays the

E).

A similar palette—the relations palette—is displayed if you press

Sv. The palette displays operators

useful in math and programming. Again, just tap the character you want.

Other math shortcut keys include inserts an X, T, , or N depending on what app you are using. (This is explained further in the chapters describing the apps.)

d. Pressing this key

Similarly, pressing second character. It enters ° if no degree symbol is part of your expression; enters ′ if the previous entry is a value in

Getting started 25

Sc enters a degree, minute, or

degrees; and enters ″ if the previous entry is a value in

219602

98209

------------------

23184 98209

---------------

------

minutes. Thus entering:

Sc40Sc20Sc

yields 36°40′ 20″. See “Hexagesimal numbers” on page 26 for more information.

Fractions The fraction key (c) cycles through thee varieties of

fractional display. If the current answer is the decimal fraction 5.25, pressing common fraction 21/4. If you press c again, the answer is converted to a mixed number (5 + 1/4). If pressed again, the display returns to the decimal fraction (5.25).

The HP Prime will approximate fraction and mixed number representations in cases where it cannot find exact ones. For example, enter to see the decimal approximation:

2.236…. Press

c once to see and again to see

. Pressing

original decimal representation.

c converts the answer to the

c a third time will cycle back to the

Hexagesimal numbers

Any decimal result can de displayed in hexagesimal format; that is, in units subdivided into groups of 60. This includes degrees, minutes, and seconds as well as hours, minutes, and seconds. For example, enter to see the decimal result: 1.375. Now press 1°22′ 30. Press

S c again to return to the decimal

S c to see

representation.

HP Prime will produce the best approximation in cases where an exact result is not possible. Enter to see the decimal approximation: 2.236… Press

S c to see

2°14′ 9.84472 .

26 Getting started

Note that the degree and minute entries must be integers,

510



3.21 107–

410

13–

610



310

5–



----------------------------------------------------

and the minute and second entries must be positive. Decimals are not allowed, except in the seconds.

Note too that the HP Prime treats a value in hexgesimal format as a single entity. Hence any operation performed on a hexagesimal value is performed on the entire value. For example, if

you enter 10°25′ 26″

, the whole value is squared, not just the seconds component. The result in this case is 108°39′ 26.8544″ .

EEX key (powers of

10)

Numbers like and are expressed in scientific notation, that is, in terms of powers of ten. This is simpler to work with than 50 000 or 0.000000 321. To enter numbers like these, use the easier than using

Example: Suppose you want to calculate

s10k

B functionality. This is

First select Scientific as the number format.

1. Op e n t h e Home Settings window.

2. Select Scientific

from the

Format

3. Return home:

Number

menu.

4. Enter 4BQ13

s6B23n

BQ5

Getting started 27

Menus

5. Press E

The result is

8.0000E15. This is equivalent to

8 × 10

A menu offers you a choice of items. As in the case shown at the right, some menus have submenus and sub-submenus.

To select from a menu

Shortcuts • Press

There are two techniques for selecting an item from a menu:

• direct tapping and

• using the arrow keys to highlight the item you want

and then either tapping or pressing

Note that the menu of buttons along the bottom of the screen can only be activated by tapping.

immediately display the last item in the menu.

• Press \ when you are at the bottom of the menu to immediately display the first item in the menu.

• Press menu.

• Press S= to jump straight to the top of the menu.

• Enter the first few characters of the item’s name to

jump straight to that item.

• Enter the number of the item shown in the menu to jump straight to that item.

when you are at the top of the menu to

to jump straight to the bottom of the

28 Getting started

To close a menu A menu will close automatically when you select an item

from it. If you want to close a menu without selecting anything from it, press

or J.

Toolbox menus

The Toolbox menus (D) are a collection of menus offering functions and commands useful in mathematics and programming. The offer over 400 functions and commands. The items on these menus are described in detail in chapter 21, “Functions and commands”, starting on page 307.

Math, CAS, and Catlg menus

Input forms

An input form is a screen that provides one or more fields for you to enter data or select an option. It is another name for a dialog box.

• If a field allows you to enter data of your choice, you can select it, add your data, and tap . (There is no need to tap first.)

• If a field allows you to choose an item from a menu, you can tap on it (the field or the label for the field), tap on it again to display the options, and tap on the item you want. (You can also choose an item from an open list by pressing the cursor keys and pressing

E when the option you want is highlighted.)

• If a field is a toggle field—one that is either selected or not selected—tap on it to select the field and tap on it again to select the alternate option. (Alternatively, select the field and tap .)

The illustration at the right shows an input form with all three types of field:

Calculator Name is a

free-form data-entry field,

Font Size provides a

menu of options, and

Textbook Display is a

toggle field.

Getting started 29

Reset input form fields

To reset a field to its default value, highlight the field and

press C. To reset all fields to their default values, press

SJ (Clear).

System-wide settings

System-wide settings are values that determine the appearance of windows, the format of numbers, the scale of plots, the units used by default in calculations, and much more.

There are two system-wide settings: Home settings and CAS settings. Home settings control Home view and the apps. CAS settings control how calculations are done in the computer algebra system. CAS settings are discussed in chapter 3.

Although Home settings control the apps, you can override certain Home settings once inside an app. For example, you can set the angle measure to radians in the Home settings but choose degrees as the angle measure once inside the Polar app. Degrees then remains the angle measure until you open another app that has a different angle measure.

Home settings

You use the Home Settings input form to

specify the settings for Home view (and the default settings for the apps). Press (Settings) to open the Home Settings input form. There are four pages of settings.

30 Getting started

Page 1

Setting Options

Angle Measure Degrees: 360 degrees in a circle.

Radians: 2 radians in a circle.

The angle mode you set is the angle setting used in both Home view and the current app. This is to ensure that trigonometric calculations done in the current app and Home view give the same result.

Number Format

The number format you set is the format used in all Home view calculations.

Standard: Full-precision display.

Fixed: Displays results rounded to

a number of decimal places. If you choose this option, a new field appears for you to enter the number of decimal places. For example,

123.456789 becomes 123.46 in Fixed 2 format.

Scientific: Displays results with an

one-digit exponent to the left of the decimal point, and the specified number of decimal places. For example, 123.456789 becomes

1.23E2 in Scientific 2 format.

Engineering: Displays results with

an exponent that is a multiple of 3, and the specified number of significant digits beyond the first one. Example: 123.456E7 becomes 1.23E9 in Engineer- ing 2 format.

Getting started 31

Setting Options (Continued)

Entry Textbook: An expression is

entered in much the same way as if you were writing it on paper (with some arguments above or below others). In other words, your entry could be two-dimensional.

Algebraic: An expression is

entered on a single line. Your entry is always one-dimensional.

RPN: Reverse Polish Notation. The

arguments of the expression are entered first followed by the operator. The entry of an operator automatically evaluates what has already been entered.

Integers Sets the default base for integer

arithmetic: binary, octal, decimal, or hex. You can also set the number of bits per integer and whether integers are to be signed.

Complex Choose one of two formats for

displaying complex numbers: (a,b) or a+b*i.

To the right of this field is an unnamed checkbox. Check it if you want to allow complex output from real input.

Language Choose the language you want for

menus, input forms, and the online help.

32 Getting started

Page 2

45 62

Setting Options (Continued)

Decimal Mark Dot or Comma. Displays a number

as 12456.98 (dot mode) or as 12456,98 (comma mode). Dot mode uses commas to separate elements in lists and matrices, and to separate function arguments. Comma mode uses semicolons as separators in these contexts.

Setting Options

Font Size Choose between small, medium,

and large font for general display.

Calculator

Enter a name for the calculator.

Name

Textbook Display

If selected, expressions and results are displayed in textbook format (that is, much as you would see in textbooks). If not selected, expressions and results are displayed in algebraic format (that is, in onedimensional format). For example,

is displayed as

[[4,5],[6,2]]

in algebraic format.

Menu Display This setting determines whether the

commands on the

Math and CAS

menus are presented descriptively or in common mathematical shorthand. The default is to provide the descriptive names for the functions. If you prefer the functions to be presented in mathematical shorthand, deselect this option.

Getting started 33

Setting Options (Continued)

Time Set the time and choose a format:

24-hour or

AM–PM format. The

checkbox at the far right lets you choose whether to show or hide the time on the title bar of screens.

Date Set the date and choose a format:

YYYY/MM/DD, DD/MM/YYYY, or MM/DD/YYYY.

Color Theme

Light: black text on a light back-

ground

Dark: white text on a dark back-

ground At the far right is a option for you to choose a color for the shading (such as the color of the highlight).

Page 3 Pag e 3 of the Home Settings input form is for setting

Exam mode. This mode enables certain functions of the calculator to be disabled for a set period, with the disabling controlled by a password. This feature will primarily be of interest to those who supervise examinations and who need to ensure that the calculator is used appropriately by students sitting an examination. It is described in detail in chapter 4, “Exam Mode”, starting on page 61.

Page 4 Pag e 4 of the Home Settings input form is for

configuring your HP Prime to work with the HP Prime Wireless Kit. Visit www.hp.com/support for further information.

34 Getting started

Specifying a Home setting

This example demonstrates how to change the number format from the default setting—Standard—to Scientific with two decimal places.

1. Press SH (Settings) to open the Home Settings input form.

The Angle

Measure

highlighted.

2. Tap on

3. Tap on Number

4. Tap on Scientific.

Number

Format

the field. (You could also have pressed it.)

Format

menu of number format options appears.

The option is chosen and the menu closes. (You can also choose an item by pressing the cursor keys and pressing when the option you want is highlighted.)

(either the field label or the field). This selects

again. A

field is

\ to select

5. Notice that a number appears to the right of the Number Format field. This is the number of decimal places currently set. To change the number to 2, tap on it twice, and then tap on 2 in the menu that appears.

6. Press

Getting started 35

to return to Home view.

Mathematical calculations

The most commonly used math operations are available from the keyboard (see “Math keys” on page 24). Access to the rest of the math functions is via various menus (see “Menus” on page 28).

Note that the HP Prime represents all numbers smaller than 1 × 10

9.99999999999 × 10 this number.

–499

as zero. The largest number displayed is

499

. A greater result is displayed as

Where to start

The home base for the calculator is the Home view (H). You can do all your non-symbolic calculations here. You can also do calculations in CAS view, which uses the computer algebra system (see chapter 3, “Computer algebra system (CAS)”, starting on page 53). In fact, you can use functions from the menus) in an expression you are entering in Home view, and use functions from the Toolbox menus) in an expression you are entering in CAS view.

Choosing an entry type

The first choice you need to make is the style of entry. The three types are:

• Textbook

An expression is entered in much the same way as if you were writing it on paper (with some arguments above or below others). In other words, your entry could be two-dimensional, as in the example above.

CAS menu (one of the Toolbox

Math menu (another of the

• Algebraic

An expression is entered on a single line. Your entry is always one-dimensional.

36 Getting started

• RPN (Reverse Polish Notation). [Not available in CAS view.]

The arguments of the expression are entered first followed by the operator. The entry of an operator automatically evaluates what has already been entered. Thus you will need to enter a two-operator expression (as in the example above) in two steps, one for each operator:

Step 1: 5 calculated and displayed in history.

Step 2: applied to the previous result.

More information about RPN mode can be found in chapter 2, “Reverse Polish Notation (RPN)”, starting on page 47.

Note that on page 2 of the Home Settings screen, you can specify whether you want to display your calculations in Textbook format or not. This refers to the appearance of your calculations in the history section of both Home view and CAS view. This is a different setting from the Entry setting discussed above.

Entering expressions

The examples that follow assume that the entry mode is Textbook.

• An expression can contain numbers, functions, and variables.

• To enter a function, press the appropriate key, or open a Toolbox menu and select the function. You can also enter a function by using the alpha keys to spell out its name.

• When you have finished entering the expression, press

h – the natural logarithm of 5 is

Szn –  is entered as a divisor and

E to evaluate it.

Getting started 37

If you make a mistake while entering an expression, you

23214 8–

3–

----------------------------

45ln

can:

• delete the character to the left of the cursor by pressing

• delete the character to the right of the cursor by pressing

• clear the entire entry line by pressing O or J.

Example Calculate

23jw14 S

R j

8>>nQ3

>h45E

This example illustrates a number of important points to be aware of:

• the importance of delimiters (such as parentheses)

• how to enter negative numbers

• the use of implied versus explicit multiplication.

Parentheses As the example above shows, parentheses are

automatically added to enclose the arguments of functions, as in LN(). However, you will need to manually add parentheses—by pressing of objects you want operated on as a single unit. Parentheses provide a way of avoiding arithmetic ambiguity. In the example above we wanted the entire numerator divided by –3, thus the entire numerator was enclosed in parentheses. Without the parentheses, only 14√8 would have been divided by –3.

38 Getting started

—to enclose a group

The following examples show the use of parentheses, and

45 +sin

45sin +

85 9

the use of the cursor keys to move outside a group of objects enclosed within parentheses.

Entering ... Calculates …

e45+Sz

Algebraic precedence

>+Sz

85>s9

Sj85s

The HP Prime calculates according to the following order of precedence. Functions at the same level of precedence are evaluated in order from left to right.

1. Expressions within parentheses. Nested parentheses are evaluated from inner to outer.

2. !, √, reciprocal, square

root

3. n

4. Power, 10

5. Negation, multiplication, division, and modulo

6. Addition and subtraction

7. Relational operators (<, >, ≤, ≥, ==, ≠, =)

8. AND and NOT

9. OR an d XOR

10.Left argument of | (where)

11. Assign to variable (:=)

Negative numbers

It is best to pres s Q to sta rt a negative nu mber or t o inser t a negative sign. Pressing

w instead will, in some

situations, be interpreted as an operation to subtract the next number you enter from the last result. (This is explained in “To reuse the last result” on page 41.)

To raise a negative number to a power, enclose it in

parentheses. For example, (–5)

Getting started 39

= 25, whereas –52 = –25.

Explicit and implied multiplication

Implied multiplication takes place when two operands appear with no operator between them. If you enter AB, for example, the result is A*B. Notice in the example on page 38 that we entered 14 multiplication operator after 14. For the sake of clarity, the calculator adds the operator to the expression in history, but it is not strictly necessary when you are entering the expression. You can, though, enter the operator if you wish (as was done in the examples on page 39). The result will be the same.

Sk8 without the

Large results If the result is too long or too tall to be seen in its

entirety—for example, a many-rowed matrix—highlight it and then press . The result is displayed in fullscreen view. You can now press

= and \ (as well as

>and <) to bring hidden parts of the result into view.

Tap to return to the previous view.

Reusing previous expressions and results

Being able to retrieve and reuse an expression provides a quick way of repeating a calculation that requires only a few minor changes to its parameters. You can retrieve and reuse any expression that is in history. You can also retrieve and reuse any result that is in history.

To retrieve an expression and place it on the entry line for editing, either:

• tap twice on it, or

• use the cursor keys to highlight the expression and

then either tap on it or tap .

To retrieve a result and place it on the entry line, use the cursor keys to highlight it and then tap .

If the expression or result you want is not showing, press

= repeatedly to step through the entries and reveal those

that are not showing. You can also swipe the screen to quickly scroll through history.

40 Getting started

Tip

Pressing S= takes you straight to the very first entry in history, and pressing most recent entry.

S\ takes you straight to the

Using the clipboard Your last four expressions are always copied to the

clipboard and can easily be retrieved by pressing

SZ. This opens the clipboard from where you can

quickly choose the one you want.

Note that expressions and not results are available from the clipboard. Note too that the last four expressions remain on the clipboard even if you have cleared history.

To reuse the last result

Tip

Press S+ (Ans) to retrieve your last answer for use in another calculation. Ans appears on the entry line. This is a shorthand for your last answer and it can be part of a new expression. You could now enter other components of a calculation—such as operators, number, variables, etc.—and create a new calculation.

You don’t need to first select Ans before it can be part of a new calculation. If you press a binary operator key to begin a new calculation, Ans is automatically added to the entry line as the first component of the new calculation. For example, to multiply the last answer by 13, you could enter first two keystrokes are unnecessary. All you need to enter is s13E.

The variable Ans is always stored with full precision whereas the results in history will only have the precision determined by the current Number Format setting (see page 31). In other words, when you retrieve the number assigned to Ans, you get the result to its full precision; but when you retrieve a number from history, you get exactly what was displayed.

S+ s13E. But the

Getting started 41

You can repeat the previous calculation simply by pressing

E. This can be useful if the previous calculation

involved Ans. For example, suppose you want to calculate the nth root of 2 when n is 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and so on.

1. Calculate the square root of 2.

Sj2E

2. Now enter √Ans.

SjS+E

This calculates the fourth root of 2.

3. Press E

repeatedly. Each time you press, the root is twice the previous root. The last answer shown in the illustration at the right is .

To reuse an expression or result from the CAS

When your are working in Home view, you can retrieve an expression or result from the CAS by tapping Z and selecting Get from CAS. The CAS opens. Press = or

until the item you want to retrieve is highlighted and

press E. The highlighted item is copied to the cursor point in Home view.

Storing a value in a variable

You can store a value in a variable (that is, assign a value to a variable). Then when you want to use that value in a calculation, you can refer to it by the variable’s name. You can create your own variables, or you can take advantage of the built-in variables in Home view (named A to Z and ) and in the CAS (named a to z, and a few others). CAS variables can be used in calculations in Home view, and Home variables can be used in calculations in the CAS. There are also built-in app variables and geometry variables. These can also be used in calculations.

42 Getting started

Example: To assign 

to to the variable A:

Szj AaE

Your st ored va l ue appears as shown at the right. If you then wanted to multiply your stored value by 5, you could

Aas5E.

enter:

You can also create your own variables in Home view. For example, suppose you wanted to create a variable called

ME and assign 

to it. You would enter:

Szj AQAcE

A message appears asking if you want to create a variable called ME. Tap or press confirm your intention. You can now use that variable in subsequent calculations: ME*3 will yield 29.6088132033, for example.

You can also create variables in CAS view in the same way. However, the built-in CAS variables must be entered in lowercase. However, the variables you create yourself can be uppercase or lowercase.

E to

See chapter 22, “Variables”, starting on page 423 for more information.

As well as built-in Home and CAS variables, and the variables you create yourself, each app has variables that you can access and use in calculations. See “App functions and variables” on page 109 for more information.

Getting started 43

Complex numbers

1–

You can perform arithmetic operations using complex numbers. Complex numbers can be entered in the following forms, where x is the real part, y is the imaginary part, and i is the imaginary constant, :

• (x, y)

• x + yi (except in RPN mode)

• x – yi (except in RPN mode)

• x + iy (except in RPN mode), or

• x – iy (except in RPN mode)

To enter i:

Sharing data

• press

There are 10 built-in variables available for storing complex numbers. These are labeled Z0 to Z9. You can also assign a complex number to a variable you create yourself.

To store a complex number in a variable, enter the complex number, press , enter the variable that you want to assign the complex number to, and then press

ASg

Sy.

. For example, to store 2+3i in variable Z6:

R2o3>Ay6E

As well as giving you access to many types of mathematical calculations, the HP Prime enables you to create various objects that can be saved and used over and over again. For example, you can create apps, lists, matrices, programs, and notes. You can also send these objects to other HP Primes. Whenever you encounter a

44 Getting started

screen with as a menu item, you can select an item

Micro-A: sender Micro-B: receiver

on that screen to send it to another HP Prime.

You use one of the supplied USB cables to send objects from one HP Prime to another. This is the micro-A–micro B USB cable. Note that the connectors on the ends of the USB cable are slightly different. The micro-A connector has a rectangular end and the micro-B connector has a trapezoidal end. To share objects with another HP Prime, the micro-A connector must be inserted into the USB port on the sending calculator, with the micro-B connector inserted into the USB port on the receiving calculator.

General procedure The general procedure for sharing objects is as follows:

1. Navigate to the screen that lists the object you want to send.

This will be the Application Library for apps, the List Catalog for lists, the Matrix Catalog for matrices, the Program Catalog for programs, and the Notes Catalog for notes.

Getting started 45

2. Connect the USB cable between the two calculators.

The micro-A connector—with the rectangular end—must be inserted into the USB port on the sending calculator.

3. On the sending calculator, highlight the object you want to send and tap .

In the illustration at the right, a program named TriangleCalcs has been selected in the Program Catalog and will be sent to the connected calculator when is tapped.

Online Help

Press W to open the online help. The help initially

provided is context-sensitive, that is, it is always about the current view and its menu items.

For example, to get help on the Function app, press select Function, and press

From within the help system, tapping displays a hierarchical directory of all the help topics. You can navigate through the directory to other help topics, or use the search facility to quickly find a topic. You can find help on any key, view, or command.

46 Getting started

Reverse Polish Notation (RPN)

The HP Prime provides you with three ways of entering objects in Home view:

• Textbook

An expression is entered in much the same way was if you were writing it on paper (with some arguments above or below others). In other words, your entry could be twodimensional, as in the following example:

• Algebraic

An expression is entered on a single line. Your entry is always one-dimensional. The same calculation as above would appear like this is algebraic entry mode:

• RPN (Reverse Polish Notation).

Step 1: 5 displayed in history.

Step 2: Szn –  is entered as a divisor and applied to the previous result.

You choose your preferred entry method from page 1 of the Home Settings screen (SH). See “System-wide settings”, starting on page 30 for instructions on how to choose settings.

RPN is available in Home view, but not in CAS view.

Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) 47

h – the natural logarithm of 5 is calculated and

The same entry-line editing tools are available in RPN mode as in algebraic and textbook mode:

• Press

• Press SJ to clear the entire entry line.

C to delete the character to the left of the cursor. SC to delete the character to the right of the

cursor.

J to clear the entire entry line.

History in RPN mode

The results of your calculations are kept in history. This history is displayed above the entry line (and by scrolling up to calculations that are no longer immediately visible). The calculator offers three histories: one for the CAS view and two for Home view. CAS history is discussed in chapter 3. The two histories in Home view are:

• non-RPN: visible if you have chosen algebraic or textbook as your preferred entry technique

• RPN: visible only if you have chosen RPN as your preferred entry technique. The RPN history is also called the stack. As shown in the illustration below, each entry in the stack is given a number. This is the stack level number.

As more calculations are added, an entry’s stack level number increases.

If you switch from RPN to algebraic or textbook entry, your history is not lost. It is just not visible. If you switch back to RPN, your RPN history is redisplayed. Likewise, if you switch to RPN, your non-RPN history is not lost.

When you are not in RPN mode, your history is ordered chronologically: oldest calculations at the top, most recent at the

48 Reverse Polish Notation (RPN)

bottom. In RPN mode, your history is ordered chronologically by default, but you can change the order of the items in history. (This is explained in “Manipulating the stack” on page 51.)

Re-using results

There are two ways to re-use a result in history. Method 1 deselects the copied result after copying; method 2 keeps the copied item selected.

Method 1

1. Select the result to be copied. You can do this by pressing

= or \ until the result is highlighted, or by tapping on it.

2. Press

Method 2

1. Select the result to be copied. You can do this by pressing

E. The result is copied to the entry line and is

deselected.

= or \ until the result is highlighted, or by tapping on it.

2. Tap and select ECHO. The result is copied to the entry line and remains selected.

Note that while you can copy an item from the CAS history to use in a Home calculation (and copy an item from the Home history to use in a CAS calculation), you cannot copy items from or to the RPN history. You can, however, use CAS commands and functions when working in RPN mode.

Sample calculations

The general philosophy behind RPN is that arguments are placed before operators. The arguments can be on the entry line (each separated by a space) or they can be in history. For example, to multiply  by 3, you could enter:

SzX 3

on the entry line and then enter the operator ( entry line would look like this before entering the operator:

s). Thus your

Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) 49

However, you could also have entered the arguments separately and then, with a blank entry line, entered the operator ( Your history would look like this before entering the operator:

If there are no entries in history and you enter an operator or function, an error message appears. An error message will also app ear if t here is an en try on a s tack l eve l that a n operator ne eds but it is not an appropriate argument for that operator. For example, pressing an error message.

An operator or function will work only on the minimum number of arguments necessary to produce a result. Thus if you enter on the entry line 2 4 6 8 and press Multiplication needs only two arguments, so the two arguments last entered are the ones that get multiplied. The entries 2 and 4 are not ignored: 2 is placed on stack level 3 and 4 on stack level 2.

Where a function can accept a variable number of arguments, you need to specify how many arguments you want it to include in its operation. You do this by specifying the number in parentheses straight after the function name. You then press

f when there is a string on level 1 displays

s, stack level 1 shows 48.

s).

E to evaluate the function. For example, suppose your

stack looks like this:

Suppose further that you want to determine the minimum of just the numbers on stack levels 1, 2, and 3. You choose the MIN function from the MATH menu and complete the entry as MIN(3). When you press three items on the stack is displayed.

50 Reverse Polish Notation (RPN)

E, the minimum of just the last

Manipulating the stack

A number of stack-manipulation options are available. Most appear as menu items across the bottom the screen. To see these items, you must first select an item in history:

PICK Copies the selected item to stack level 1. The item below the one

that is copied is then highlighted. Thus if you tapped four times, four consecutive items will be moved to the bottom four stack levels (levels 1–4).

ROLL There are two roll commads:

• Tap to move the selected item to stack level 1. This is similar to PICK, but PICK duplicates the item, with the duplicate being placed on stack level1. However, doesn’t duplicate an item. It simply moves it.

• Tap to move the item on stack level 1 to the currently highlighted level

ROLL

Swap You can swap the position of the objects on stack level 1 with

those on stack level 2. Just press remains unchanged. Note that the entry line must not be active at the time, otherwise a comma will be entered.

o. The level of other objects

Stack Tapping displays further stack-manipulation tools.

DROPN Deletes all items in the stack from the highlighted item down to

and including the item on stack level 1. Items above the highlighted item drop down to fill the levels of the deleted items.

If you just want to delete a single item from the stack, see “Delete an item” below.

Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) 51

DUPN Duplicates all items between (and including) the highlighted item

and the item on stack level 1. If, for example, you have selected the item on stack level 3, selecting DUPN duplicates it and the two items below it, places them on stack levels 1 to 3, and moves the items that were duplicated up to stack levels 4 to 6.

Echo Places a copy of the selected result on the entry line and leaves

the source result highlighted.

LIST Creates a list of results, with the highlighted result the first element

in the list and the item on stack level 1 the last.

Before After

Show an item

Delete an item

Delete all

To show a result in full-screen textbook format, tap .

Tap to return to the history.

To delete an item from the stack:

1. Select it. You can do this by pressing is highlighted, or by tapping on it.

2. Press

To delete all items, thereby clearing the history, press SJ.

= or \ until the item

items

52 Reverse Polish Notation (RPN)

Computer algebra system (CAS)

1 3

---

2 7

---

13 21

------

A computer algebra system (CAS) enables you to perform symbolic calculations. By default, CAS works in exact mode, giving you infinite precision. On the other hand, non-CAS calculations, such as those performed in HOME view or by an app, are numerical calculations and are often approximations limited by the precision of the calculator (to 12 significant digits in the case of the HP Prime). For example, yields the approximate answer .619047619047 in Home view (with Standard numerical format), but yields the exact answer in the CAS.

The CAS offers many hundreds of functions, covering algebra, calculus, equation solving, polynomials, and more. You select a function from the discussed in chapter 21, “Functions and commands”, beginning on page 307. Consult that chapter for a description of all the CAS functions and commands.

CAS view

CAS calculations are done in CAS view. CAS view is almost identical to Home view. A history of calculations is built and you can select and copy previous calculations just as you can in Home view, as well as store objects in variables.

To open CAS view, press of the title bar to indicate that you are in CAS view rather than Home view.

CAS menu, one of the Toolbox menus

K. CAS appears in red at the left

Computer algebra system (CAS) 53

The menu buttons in CAS view are:

• : assigns an object to a variable

• : applies common simplification rules to reduce an

expression to its simplest form. For example,

simplify(e

• : copies a selected entry in history to the entry line

• : displays the selected entry in full-screen mode,

with horizontal and vertical scrolling enabled. The entry is also presented in textbook format.

CAS calculations

With one exception, you perform calculations in CAS view just as you do in Home view. (The exception is that there is no RPN entry mode in CAS view, just algebraic and textbook modes). All the operator and function keys work in the same way in CAS view as Home view (although all the alpha characters are lowercase rather than uppercase). But the primary difference is that the default display of answers is symbolic rather than numeric.

You can also use the template key ( framework for common calculations (and for vectors and matrices). This is explained in detail in “Math template” on page 24.

The most commonly used CAS functions are available from the CAS menu, one of the Toolbox menus. To display the menu, press

D. (If the CAS menu is not

open by default, tap

commands are available from the Catlg menu (another of the Toolbox menus).

To choose a function, select a category and then a command.

a + LN(b*ec)

.) Other CAS

) yields b *EXP(a)* EXP(c).

F) to help you insert the

54 Computer algebra system (CAS)

Example 1 To find the roots of 2x

1. With the CAS menu open, select Polynomial and then Find Roots.

The function proot() appears on the entry line.

2. Between the parentheses, enter:

Asj+3

Asw2

3. Press E.

+ 3x – 2:

Example 2 To find the area under the graph of 5x

x = 3:

1. With the CAS menu open, select Calculus and then Integrate.

The function int() appears on the entry line.

2. Between the parentheses, enter:

Asjw6

oAso1o

3. Press

Settings

Various settings allow you to configure how the CAS works. To display the settings, press modes are spread across two pages.

SK. The

– 6 between x =1 and

Computer algebra system (CAS) 55

Page 1

-----------

Setting Purpose

Angle Measure Select the units for angle measure-

ments: Radians or Degrees.

Number Format (first drop-down list)

Select the number format for displayed solutions:

Standard or Scientific or Engineering

Number Format (second dropdown list)

Integers (dropdown list)

Select the number of digits to display in approximate mode (mantissa + exponent).

Select the integer base:

Decimal (base 10) Hex (base 16) Octal (base 8)

Integers (check box)

If checked, any real number equivalent to an integer in a non-CAS environment will be converted to an integer in the CAS. (Real numbers not equivalent to integers are treated as real numbers in CAS whether or not this option is selected.)

Simplify Select the level of automatic sim-

plification: None: do not simplify automatically (use for manual simplification) Minimum: do basic simplifications Maximum: always try to simplify

Exact If checked, the calculator is in

exact mode and solutions will be symbolic. If not checked, the calculator is in approximate mode and solutions will be approximate. For example, 26

n5 yields in

exact mode and 5.2 in approximate mode.

56 Computer algebra system (CAS)

Setting Purpose (Cont.)

Complex Select this to allow complex results

in variables.

Use √

If checked, second order polynomials are factorized in complex mode or in real mode if the discriminant is positive.

Use i If checked, the calculator is in

complex mode and complex solutions will be displayed when they exist. If not checked, the calculator is in real mode and only real solutions will be displayed. For example, factors(x

–1) yields (x–1),(x+1),(x+i),(x–i) in complex mode and (x–1),(x+1) ,( x

+1) in real mode.

Principal If checked, the principal solutions

to trigonometric functions will be displayed. If not checked, the general solutions to trigonometric functions will be displayed.

Increasing If checked, polynomials will be

displayed with increasing powers (for example, –4+x+3x

2+x3

). If not checked, polynomials will be displayed with decreasing powers (for example, x

+3x2+x–4).

Page 2

Setting Purpose

Recursive Evaluation

Computer algebra system (CAS) 57

Specify the maximum number of embedded variables allowed in an interactive evaluation. See also

Recursive Replacement

below.

Setting Purpose (Cont.)

Setting the form of menu items

Recursive Replacement

Specify the maximum number of embedded variables allowed in a single evaluation in a program. See also Recursive Evalua- tion above.

Recursive Function

Specify the maximum number of embedded function calls allowed.

Epsilon Any number smaller than the

value specified for epsilon will be shown as zero.

Probability Specify the maximum probability

of an answer being wrong for non-deterministic algorithms. Set this to zero for deterministic algorithms.

Newton Specify the maximum number of

iterations when using the Newtonian method to find the roots of a quadratic.

One setting that affects the CAS is made outside the CAS Settings screen. This setting determines whether the commands on the CAS menu are presented descriptively or by their command name. Here are some examples of identical functions that are presented differently depending on what presentation mode you select:

Descriptive name Command name

Factor List ifactors

Complex Zeros cZeros

Groebner Basis gbasis

Factor by Degree factor_xn

Find Roots proot

The default menu presentation mode is to provide the descriptive names for the CAS functions. If you prefer the

58 Computer algebra system (CAS)

functions to be presented by their command name, deselect the Menu Display option on the second page of the Home Settings screen (see “Home settings” on page 30).

To use an expression or result from Home view

To use a Home variable in CAS

When your are working in CAS, you can retrieve an expression or result from Home view by tapping Get from Home. Home view opens. Press the item you want to retrieve is highlighted and press The highlighted item is copied to the cursor point in CAS.

You can access Home variables from within the CAS. Home variables are assigned uppercase letters; CAS variables are assigned lowercase letters. Thus SIN(x) and SIN(X) will yield different results.

To use a Home variable in the CAS, simply include its name in a calculation. For example, suppose in Home view you have assigned variable Q to 100. Suppose too that you have assigned variable q to 1000 in the CAS. If you are in the CAS and enter 5*q, the result is 5000. If you had entered 5*Q instead, the result would have been 500.

In a similar way, CAS variables can be used in calculations in Home view. Thus you can enter 5*q in Home view and get 5000, even though q is a CAS variable.

Z and selecting

until

Computer algebra system (CAS) 59

60 Computer algebra system (CAS)

Exam Mode

The HP Prime can be precisely configured for an examination, with any number of features or functions disabled for a set period of time. Configuring a HP Prime for an examination is called exam mode configuration. You can create and save multiple exam mode configurations, each with its own subset of functionality disabled. You can set each configuration for its own time period, with or without a password. An exam mode configuration can be activated from an HP Prime, sent from one HP Prime to another via USB cable, or sent to one or more HP Primes via the Connectivity Kit.

Exam mode configuration will primarily be of interest to teachers, proctors, and invigilators who want to ensure that the calculator is used appropriately by students sitting for an examination. In the illustration to the right, user-customized apps, the help system and the computer algebra system have been selected for disabling.

As part of an exam mode configuration, you can choose to activate 3 lights on the calculator that will flash periodically during exam mode. The lights are on the top edge of the calculator. The lights will help the supervisor of the examination detect if any particular calculator has dropped out of exam mode. The flashing of lights on all calculators placed in exam mode will be synchronized so that all will flash the same pattern at the same time.

Exam Mode 61

Modifying the default configuration

A configuration named Default Exam appears when you first access the has no functions disabled. If only one configuration is needed, you can simply modify the default exam configuration. If you envisage the need for a number of configurations—different ones for different examinations, for example—modify the default configuration so that it matches the settings you will most often need, and then create other configurations for the settings you will need less often. There are two ways to access the screen for configuring and activating exam mode:

Exam Mode screen. This configuration

• press

• choose the third page of the Home Settings screen.

The procedure below illustrates the second method.

1. P r e s s

2. Tap .

3. Tap .

4. Tap . The

5. Select those features

O + A + c

SH. The Home Settings screen appears.

The

Exam Mode

screen appears. You use this screen to activate a particular configuration (just before an examination begins, for example).

Exam Mode Configuration

screen appears.

you want disabled, and make sure that those features you don’t want disabled are not selected.

62 Exam Mode

An expand box at the left of a feature indicates that it is a category with sub-items that you can individually disable. (Notice that there is an expand box beside

System Apps in the example shown above.) Tap on

the expand box to see the sub-items. You can then select the sub-items individually. If you want to disable all the sub-item, just select the category.

You can select (or deselect) an option either by tapping on the check box beside it, or by using the cursor keys to scroll to it and tapping .

6. When you have finished selecting the features to be disabled, tap

If you want to activate exam mode now, continue with “Activating Exam Mode” below.

Creating a new configuration

You can modify the default exam configuration when new circumstances require a different set of disabled functions. Alternatively, you can retain the default configuration and create a new configuration. When you create a new configuration, you choose an existing configuration on which to base it.

1. P r e s s

2. Tap .

3. Tap .

4. Choose a base

Exam Mode 63

SH. The Home Settings screen

appears.

Exam Mode

The screen appears.

configuration from the Configuration list. If you have not created any exam mode configurations before, the only base configuration will be Default Exam.

5. Tap name for the new configuration.

See “Adding text” on page 23 if you need help with entering alphabetic characters.

6. Tap

7. Tap . The Exam Mode Configuration screen appears.

8. Select those features you want disabled, and make sure that those features you don’t want disabled are not selected.

9. When you have finished selecting the features to be disabled, tap

Note that you can create exam mode configurations using the Connectivity Kit in much the same way you create them on an HP Prime. You can then activate them on multiple HP Primes, either via USB or by broadcasting them to a class using the wireless modules. For more information, install and launch the HP Connectivity Kit that came on your product CD. From the Connectivity Kit menu, click

HP Connectivity Kit User Guide.

If you want to activate exam mode now, continue with “Activating Exam Mode” below.

, select Copy from the menu and enter a

twice.

Help and select

Activating Exam Mode

When you activate exam mode you prevent users of the calculator from accessing those features you have disabled. The features become accessible again at the end of the specified time-out period or on entry of the exam-mode password, whichever occurs sooner.

64 Exam Mode

To activate exam mode:

1. I f th e

Exam Mode

screen is not showing, press

SH, tap

and

tap .

2. If a configuration other than Default Exam is required, choose it from the list.

3. Select a time-out period from the

Note that 8 hours is the maximum period. If you are preparing to supervise a student examination, make sure that the time-out period chosen is greater than the duration of the examination.

4. Enter a password of between 1 and 10 characters. The password must be entered if you—or another user—wants to cancel exam mode before the time-out period has elapsed.

5. If you want to erase the memory of the calculator,

Erase memory. This will erase all user entries

select and return the calculator to its factory default settings.

6. If you want the exam mode indicator to flash periodically while the calculator is in exam mode,

Blink LED.

select

7. Using the supplied USB cable, connect a student’s calculator.

Insert the micro-A connector—the one with the rectangular end—into the USB port on the sending calculator, and the other connector into the USB port on the receiving calculator.

8. To activate the configuration on an attached calculator, tap

Exam Mode screen

The

closes. The connected calculator is now in exam

Configuration

Timeout list.

Exam Mode 65

mode, with the specified disabled features not accessible to the user of that calculator.

9. Repeat from step 7 for each calculator that needs to have its functionality limited.

Cancelling exam mode

If you want to cancel exam mode before the set time period has elapsed, you will need to enter the password for the current exam mode activation.

1. I f th e

Exam Mode screen is not showing, press

SH, tap and tap .

2. Enter the password for the current exam mode activation and tap

You can also cancel exam mode using the Connectivity Kit. See the HP Connectivity Kit User Guide for more details.

Modifying configurations

Exam mode configurations can be changed. You can also delete a configuration and restore the default configuration.

To change a configuration

1. I f th e Exam Mode screen is not showing, press

SH, tap and tap .

2. Select the configuration you want to change from the Configuration list.

3. Tap .

4. Make whatever changes are necessary and then tap

twice

66 Exam Mode

To return to the default configuration

1. P r e s s SH. The Home Settings screen

appears.

2. Tap .

3. Tap .

Exam Mode screen appears.

The

4. Choose Default Exam from the list.

5. Tap

configuration to its default settings.

, select Reset from the menu and tap

to confirm your intention to return the

Deleting configurations

You cannot delete the default exam configuration (even if you have modified it). You can only delete those that you have created. To delete a configuration:

Configuration

1. I f th e

Exam Mode screen is not showing, press

SH, tap and tap .

2. Select the configuration you want to delete from the

Configuration list.

3. Tap

4. When asked to confirm the deletion, tap press

Exam Mode 67

and choose Delete.

68 Exam Mode

An introduction to HP apps

x2y2+64=

y 2x23x 5++=

Much of the functionality of the HP Prime is provided in packages called HP apps. The HP Prime comes with 18 HP apps: 10 dedicated to mathematical topics or tasks, three specialized Solvers, three function Explorers, a spreadsheet, and an app for recording data streamed to the calculator from an external sensing device. You launch an app by first pressing displays the Application Library screen) and tapping on the icon for the app you want.

What each app enables you to do is outlined in the following, where the apps are listed in alphabetical order.

App name Use this app to:

I (which

Advanced Graphing

DataStreamer Collect real-world data from scientific

Finance Solve time-value-of-money (TVM) problems

Function Explore real-valued, rectangular functions

Geometry Explore geometric constructions and

Inference Explore confidence intervals and

Linear Explorer Explore the properties of linear equations

An introduction to HP apps 69

Explore the graphs of symbolic open sentences in x and y. Example:

sensors and export it to a statistics app for analysis.

and amortization problems.

of y in terms of x. Example:

perform geometric calculations.

hypothesis tests based on the Normal and Student’s t-distributions.

and test your knowledge.

App name Use this app to: (Cont.)

r 24cos=

n 1–Un 2–U1

U21=

UnU

n 2–

n 1–

x 1+ x2x–2–=

Linear Solver Find solutions to sets of two or three linear

equations.

Parametric Explore parametric functions of x and y in

terms of t. Example: x = cos (t) and y = sin(t).

Polar Explore polar functions of r in terms of an

angle . Example:

Quadratic Explorer

Explore the properties of quadratic equations and test your knowledge.

Sequence Explore sequence functions, where U is

defined in terms of n, or in terms of previous terms in the same or another sequence, such as and . Example: , and

Solve Explore equations in one or more real-

valued variables, and systems of equations. Example:

Spreadsheet To solve problems or represent data best

suited to a spreadsheet.

Statistics 1Var Calculate one-variable statistical data (x)

Statistics 2Var Calculate two-variable statistical data

(x and y)

Triangle Solver Find the unknown values for the lengths

and angles of triangles.

Trig Explorer Explore the properties of sinusoidal

equations and test your knowledge.

As you use an app to explore a lesson or solve a problem, you add data and definitions in one or more of the app’s views. All this information is automatically saved in the app. You can come back to the app at any time and all the information is still there. You can also save a version of the app with a name you give it and then use the original app for another problem or purpose. See “Creating an app” on page 107 for more information about customizing and saving apps.

70 An introduction to HP apps

With one exception, all the apps mentioned above are described in detail in this user guide. The exception is the DataStreamer app. A brief introduction to this app is given in the HP Prime

Quick Start Guide. Full details can be found in the HP StreamSmart 410 User Guide.

Application Library

Apps are stored in the Application Library, displayed by pressing

To open an app

To reset an app

1. Open the Application Library.

2. Find the app’s icon and tap on it.

You can also use the cursor keys to scroll to the app and, when it is highlighted, either tap or press

You can leave an app at any time and all the data and settings in it are retained. When you return to the app, you can continue as you left off.

However, if you don’t want to use the previous data and settings, you can return the app to its default state, that is, the state it was in when you opened it for the first time. To do this:

1. Open the Application Library.

2. Use the cursor keys to highlight the app.

3. Tap .

4. Tap to confirm your intention.

You can also reset an app from within the app. From the main view of the app—which is usually, but not always, the Symbolic view—press

SJ and tap to confirm your intention.

To sort apps By default, the built-in apps in the Application Library are sorted

chronologically, with the most recently used app shown first. (Customized apps always appear after the built-in apps.)

An introduction to HP apps 71

You can change the sort order of the built-in apps to:

• Alphabetically

The app icons are sorted alphabetically by name, and in ascending order: A to Z.

• Fixed

Apps are displayed in their default order: Function, Advanced Graphing, Geometry … Polar, and Sequence. Customized apps are placed at the end, after all the built-in apps. They appear in chronological order: oldest to most recent.

To change the sort order:

1. Open the Application Library.

2. Tap .

3. From the Sort Apps list, choose the option you want.

To delete an app

Other options

The apps that come with the HP Prime are built-in and cannot be deleted, but you can delete an app you have created. To delete an app:

1. Open the Application Library.

2. Use the cursor keys to highlight the app.

3. Tap .

4. Tap to confirm your intention.

The other options available in the Application Library are:

•

Enables you to save a copy of an app under a new name. See “Creating an app” on page 107.

•

Enables you to send an app to another HP Prime. See “Sharing data” on page 44.

72 An introduction to HP apps

App views

Most apps have three major views: Symbolic, Plot, and Numeric. These views are based on the symbolic, graphic, and numeric representations of mathematical objects. They are accessed through the keyboard. Typically these views enable you to define a mathematical object—such as an expression or an open sentence—plot it, and see the values generated by it.

Each of these views has an accompanying setup view, a view that enables you to configure the appearance of the data in the accompanying major view. These views are called Symbolic Setup, Plot Setup, and Numeric Setup. They are accessed by pressing

Not all apps have all the six views outlined above. The scope and complexity of each app determines its particular set of views. For example, the Spreadsheet app has no Plot view or Plot Setup view, and the Quadratic Explorer has only a Plot view. What views are available in each app is outlined in the next six sections.

Note that the DataStreamer app is not covered in this chapter. See HP StreamSmart 410 User Guide for information about this app.

Symbolic view

The table below outlines what is done in the Symbolic view of each app.

Y, P, and M keys near the top left of the

JY, JP, and JM.

App Use the Symbolic view to:

Advanced Graphing

Finance Not used

Function Specify up to 10 real-valued, rectangular

Geometry View the symbolic definition of geometric

Inference Choose to conduct a hypothesis test or test

Linear Explorer Not used

An introduction to HP apps 73

Specify up to 10 open sentences.

functions of y in terms of x.

constructions.

a confidence level, and select a type of test.

App Use the Symbolic view to: (Cont.)

Linear Solver Not used

Parametric Specify up to 10 parametric functions of x

and y in terms of t.

Polar Specify up to 10 polar functions of r in

terms of an angle .

Quadratics Explorer

Sequence Specify up to 10 sequence functions.

Solve Specify up to 10 equations.

Spreadsheet Not used

Statistics 1Var Specify up to 5 univariate analyses.

Statistics 2Var Specify up to 5 multivariate analyses.

Triangle Solver Not used

Trig Explorer Not used

Symbolic Setup view

The Symbolic Setup view is the same for each app. It enables you to override the system-wide settings for angle measure, number format, and complexnumber entry. The override applies only to the current app.

To change the settings for all apps, see “System-wide settings” on page 30.

Not used

74 An introduction to HP apps

Plot view

The table below outlines what is done in the Plot view of each app.

App Use the Plot view to:

Advanced Graphing

Finance Display an amortization graph.

Function Plot and explore the functions selected in

Geometry Create and manipulate geometric

Inference View a plot of the test results.

Linear Explorer Explore linear equations and test your

Linear Solver Not used

Parametric Plot and explore the functions selected in

Polar Plot and explore the functions selected in

Quadratics Explorer

Sequence Plot and explore the sequences selected in

Solve Plot and explore a single function selected

Spreadsheet Not used

Statistics 1Var Plot and explore the analyses selected in

Statistics 2Var Plot and explore the analyses selected in

Triangle Solver Not used

Trig Explorer Explore sinusoidal equations and test your

Plot and explore the open sentences selected in Symbolic view.

Symbolic view.

constructions.

knowledge of them.

Symbolic view.

Explore quadratic equations and test your knowledge of them.

Symbolic view.

in Symbolic view.

Symbolic view.

knowledge of them.

An introduction to HP apps 75

Plot Setup view

The table below outlines what is done in the Plot Setup view of each app.

App Use the Plot Setup view to:

Advanced Graphing

Finance Not used

Function Modify the appearance of plots and the

Geometry Modify the appearance of the drawing

Inference Not used

Linear Explorer Not used

Linear Solver Not used

Parametric Modify the appearance of plots and the

Polar Modify the appearance of plots and the

Quadratics Explorer

Sequence Modify the appearance of plots and the

Solve Modify the appearance of plots and the

Modify the appearance of plots and the plot environment.

plot environment.

environment.

plot environment.

Not used

plot environment.

Spreadsheet Not used

Statistics 1Var Modify the appearance of plots and the

plot environment.

Statistics 2Var Modify the appearance of plots and the

plot environment.

Triangle Solver Not used

Trig Explorer Not used

76 An introduction to HP apps

Numeric view

The table below outlines what is done in the Numeric view of each app.

App Use the Numeric view to:

Advanced Graphing

Finance Enter values for time-value-of-money

Function View a table of numbers generated by the

Geometry Perform calculations on the geometric

Inference Specify the statistics needed to perform the

Linear Explorer Not used

Linear Solver Specify the coefficients of the linear

Parametric View a table of numbers generated by the

Polar View a table of numbers generated by the

Quadratics Explorer

Sequence View a table of numbers generated by the

View a table of numbers generated by the open sentences selected in Symbolic view.

calculations.

functions selected in Symbolic view.

objects drawn in Plot view.

test selected in Symbolic view.

equations to be solved.

functions selected in Symbolic view.

Not used

sequences selected in Symbolic view.

Solve Enter the known values and solve for the

unknown value.

Spreadsheet Enter numbers, text, formulas, etc. The

Numeric view is the primary view for this app.

Statistics 1Var Enter data for analysis.

Statistics 2Var Enter data for analysis.

An introduction to HP apps 77

App Use the Numeric view to: (Cont.)

Triangle Solver Enter known data about a triangle and

Trig Explorer Not used

Numeric Setup view

The table below outlines what is done in the Numeric Setup view of each app.

App Use the Numeric Setup view to:

solve for the unknown data.

Advanced Graphing

Finance Not used.

Function Specify the numbers to be calculated

Geometry Not used

Inference Not used

Linear Explorer Not used

Linear Solver Not used

Parametric Specify the numbers to be calculated

Polar Specify the numbers to be calculated

Quadratics Explorer

Sequence Specify the numbers to be calculated

Specify the numbers to be calculated according to the open sentences specified in Symbolic view, and set the zoom factor.

according to the functions specified in Symbolic view, and set the zoom factor.

Not used.

according to the sequences specified in Symbolic view, and set the zoom factor.

Solve Not used

78 An introduction to HP apps

App Use the Numeric Setup view to: (Cont.)

r 42

coscos=

r 42

coscos=

Spreadsheet Not used

Statistics 1Var Not used

Statistics 2Var Not used

Triangle Solver Not used

Trig Explorer Not used

Quick example

The following example uses all six app views and should give you an idea of the typical workflow involved in working with an app. The Polar app is used as the sample app.

Open the app

1. Open the Application Library by pressing I.

2. Tap once on the icon of the Polar app.

The Polar app opens in Symbolic View.

Symbolic view

The Symbolic view of the Polar app is where you define or specify the polar equation you want to plot and explore. In this example we will plot and explore the equation 

3. Define the equation by entering:

Szf n >

(If you are using algebraic entry mode, you would enter 4

This equation will draw symmetrical petals provided that the angle measure is set to radians. The angle measure for this app is set in the Symbolic Setup view.

2>>

Szf

n >

An introduction to HP apps 79

Symbolic Setup view

4. Press SY.

5. Select Radians from the

Plot view

6. Press P.

Plot Setup View

7. Press SP.

8. Set the second RNG field to

Angle Measure menu.

A graph of the equation is plotted. However, as the illustration at the right shows, only a part of the petals is visible. To see the rest you will need to change the plot setup parameters.

4 by entering:

>4Sz

(

9. Press

80 An introduction to HP apps

P to return to Plot

view and see the complete plot.

Numeric View

The values generated by the equation can be seen in Numeric view.

10. P re ss

Suppose you want to see just whole numbers for ; in other words, you want the increment between consecutive values in the column to be 1. You set this up in the Numeric Setup view.

Numeric Setup View

11 . P r e s s SM.

12. Change the NUMSTEP field

13 . P r e s s

to 1.

M to return to

Numeric view. You will see that the 

column now contains consecutive integers starting from zero, and the corresponding values calculated by the equation specified in Symbolic view are listed in the R1 column.

Common operations in Symbolic view

[Scope: Advanced Graphing, Function, Parametric, Polar, Sequence, Solve. See dedicated app chapters for information about the other apps.]

Symbolic view is typically used to define a function or open sentence that you want to explore (by plotting and/or evaluating). In this section, the term definition will be used to cover both functions and open sentences.

Press

Y to open Symbolic view.

An introduction to HP apps 81

Add a definition

With the exception of the Parametric app, there are 10 fields for entering definitions. In the Parametric app there are 20 fields, two for each paired definition.

1. Highlight an empty field you want to use, either by tapping on it or scrolling to it.

2. Enter your definition.

If you need help, see “Definitional building blocks” on page 82.

3. Tap or press

Your new definition is added to the list of definitions.

Note that variables used in definitions must be in uppercase. A variable entered in lowercase will cause an error message to appear.

Modify a definition

1. Highlight the definition you want to modify, either by tapping on it or scrolling to it.

2. Tap .

The definition is copied to the entry line.

3. Modify the definition.

4. Tap or press

Definitional building blocks

E when you have finished.

The components that make up a symbolic definition can come from a number of sources.

• From the keyboard

You can enter components directly from the keyboard. To enter 2X

– 3, just press 2AXjw3.

• From user variables

If, for example, you have created a variable called COST, you could incorporate that into a definition either by typing it or choosing it from the User menu (one of the sub-menus of the Variables menu). Thus you could have a definition that reads F1(X)=X

+COST.

To select a user variable, press a, tap , select User Variables, and then select the variable of interest.

82 An introduction to HP apps

• From Home variables

Some Home variables can be incorporated into a symbolic definition. To access a Home variable, press

a, tap

, select a category of variable, and select the variable of interest. Thus you could have a definition that reads F1(X)=X

+Q. (Q is on the Real sub-menu of the

Home menu.)

Home variables are discussed in detail in chapter 28, “Troubleshooting”, beginning on page 507.

• From app variables

All settings, definitions, and results, for all apps, are stored as variables. Many of these variables can be incorporated into a symbolic definition. To access app variables, press

a, tap , select the app, select the category of

variable, and then select the variable of interest. You could, for instance, have a definition that reads

F2(X)=X

the Function app is substituted for Root when this definition is evaluated.

App variables are discussed in detail in chapter 28, “Troubleshooting”, beginning on page 507.

• From math functions

Some of the functions on the Math menu can be incorporated into a definition. The Math menu is one of the Toolbox menus (

D). The following definition combines a math function

(Size) with a Home variable (L1): F4(X)=X is equivalent to x list named L1. (Size is an option on the List menu, which is a sub-menu of the Math menu.)

• From CAS functions

Some of the functions on the CAS menu can be incorporated into a definition. The CAS menu is one of the Toolbox menus (

D). The following definition incorporates the CAS

function irem: F5(X)=X entered by choosing Remainder, an option on the Division menu, which is a sub-menu of the Integer menu. Note that any CAS command or function selected to operate outside the CAS is given the CAS. prefix.)

+X–Root. The value of the last root calculated in

– n where n is the number of elements in the

+CAS.irem(45,7). (irem is

–SIZE(L1). It

An introduction to HP apps 83

• From app functions

Some of the functions on the App menu can be incorporated into a definition. The App menu is one of the Toolbox menus ( the app function PredY:

F9(X)=X

+Statistics_2Var.PredY(6).

• From the Catlg menu

Some of the functions on the Catlg menu can be incorporated into a definition. The Catlg menu is one of the Toolbox menus ( a command from that menu and an app variable:

F6(X)=X

+INT(Root). The integer value of the last root calculated in the Function app is substituted for INT(Root) when this definition is evaluated.

• From other definitions

You could, for example, define F3(X)as F1(X)*F2(X).

Evaluate a dependent definition

If you have a dependent definition—that is, one defined in terms of another definition—you can combine all the definitions into one by evaluating the dependent definition.

1. Select the dependent expression.

2. Tap .

Consider the example at the right. Notice that F3(X)is defined in terms of two other functions. It is a dependent definition and can be evaluated. If you highlight F3(X)and tap

, F3(X)becomes

2*X

+X+ 2 *(X2–1).

D). The following definition incorporates

Select or deselect a definition to explore

In the Advanced Graphing, Function, Parametric, Polar, Sequence, and Solve apps you can enter up to 10 definitions. However, only those definitions that are selected in Symbolic view will be plotted in Plot view and evaluated in Numeric view.

84 An introduction to HP apps

You can tell if a definition is selected by the tick (or checkmark) beside it. A checkmark is added by default as soon as you create a definition. So if you don’t want to plot or evaluate a particular definition, highlight it and tap . (Do likewise if you want to re-select a deselected function.)

Choose a color for plots

Each function and open sentence can be plotted in a different color. If you want to change the default color of a plot:

1. T a p t h e c o l o r e d s q u a r e t o the left of the function’s definition.

You can also select the square by pressing the definition is selected. Pressing selection from the definition to the colored square and from the colored square to the definition.

2. tap .

3. Select the desired color from the color-picker.

Delete a definition

To delete a single definition:

1. Tap once on it (or highlight it using the cursor keys).

2. Press

To delete all the definitions:

1. P r e s s

2. Tap or press

E while

E moves the

SJ.

E to confirm your intention.

An introduction to HP apps 85

Symbolic view: Summary of menu buttons

Button Purpose

Copies the highlighted definition to the entry line for editing. Tap when done. To add a new definition—even one that is replacing an existing one—highlight the field and just start entering your new definition.

Selects (or deselects) a definition.

Enters the independent variable in the

[Function only]

[Advanced Graphing only]

[Parametric only]

Function app. You can also press

Enters an X in the Advanced Graphing app. You can also press

Enters an Y in the Advanced Graphing app.

Enters the independent variable in the Parametric app. You can also press

Enters the independent variable in the Polar

[Polar only]

app. You can also press

Enters the independent variable in the

[Sequence only]

Sequence app. You can also press

Enters the equals sign in the Solve app. A

[Solve only]

shortcut equivalent to pressing

S..

Displays the selected definition in fullscreen mode. See “Large results” on page 40 for more information.

Evaluates dependent definitions. See “Evaluate a dependent definition” on page 84.

86 An introduction to HP apps

Common operations in Symbolic Setup view

[Scope: all apps]

The Symbolic Setup view is the same for all apps. Its primary purpose is to allow you to override three of the system-wide settings specified on the Home Settings window.

Press

SY to open Symbolic

Setup view.

Override system-wide settings

1. Tap once on the setting you want to change.

You can tap on the field name or the field.

2. Tap again on the setting.

A menu of options appears.

3. Select the new setting.

Note that selecting the Fixed, Scientific, or Engineering option on the Number Format menu displays a second field for you to enter the required number of significant digits.

You could also select a field, tap , and select the new setting.

Restore default settings

To restore default settings is to return precedence to the settings on the Home Settings screen.

To restore one field to its default setting:

1. Select the field.

2. Press

To restore all default settings, press SJ.

An introduction to HP apps 87

Common operations in Plot view

Plot view functionality that is common to many apps is described in detail in this section. Functionality that is available only in a particular app is described in the chapter dedicated to that app.

Press

P to open Plot view.

Zoom

[Scope: Advanced Graphing, Function, Parametric, Polar, Sequence, Solve, Statistics 1 Var, and Statistics 2Var. Also, to a limited degree, Geometry.]

Zooming redraws the plot on a larger or smaller scale. It is a shortcut for changing the range settings in Plot Setup view. The extent of most zooms is determined by two zoom factors: a horizontal and a vertical factor. By default, these factors are both 2. Zooming out multiplies the scale by the factor, so that a greater scale distance appears on the screen. Zooming in divides the scale by the factor, so that a shorter scale distance appears on the screen.

Zoom factors To change the default zoom factors:

1. Open the Plot view of the app (P).

2. Tap to open the Plot view menu.

3. Tap to open the Zoom menu.

4. Scroll and select Set

Factors.

The Zoom Factors screen appears.

5. Change one or both zoom factors.

6. If you want the plot to be centered around the current position of the cursor in Plot view, select Recenter.

7. T a p o r p r es s

Zoom options

88 An introduction to HP apps

Zoom options are available from three sources:

• the keyboard

• the menu in Plot view

• the Views menu (

V).

Zoom keys There are two zoom keys: pressing + zooms in and pressing

w zooms out. The extent of the scaling is determined by the

ZOOM FACTOR settings (explained above).

Zoom menu In Plot view, tap and tap

an option. (If is not displayed, tap .)

The zoom options are explained in the following table. Examples are provided on “Zoom examples” on page 91.

Option Result

Center on Cursor

Redraws the plot so that the cursor is in the center of the screen. No scaling occurs.

Box Explained in “Box zoom” on page 90.

In Divides the horizontal and vertical scales

by X Zoom and Y Zoom (values set with the Set Factors option explained on page 88). For instance, if both zoom factors are 4, then zooming in results in 1/ 4 as many units depicted per pixel. (Shortcut: press

+.)

Out Multiplies the horizontal and vertical scales

by the X Zoom and Y Zoom settings. (Shortcut: press

w.)

X In Divides the horizontal scale only, using the

X Zoom setting.

X Out Multiplies the horizontal scale only, using

the X Zoom setting.

Y In Divides the vertical scale only, using the Y

Zoom setting.

Y Out Multiplies the vertical scale only, using the

Y Zoom setting.

An introduction to HP apps 89

Option Result (Cont.)

Square Changes the vertical scale to match the

horizontal scale. This is useful after you have done a box zoom, X zoom or Y zoom.

Autoscale Rescales the vertical axis so that the display

shows a representative piece of the plot given the supplied x axis settings. (For Sequence, Polar, parametric, and Statistics apps, autoscaling rescales both axes.) The autoscale process uses the first selected function to determine the best scale to use.

Decimal Rescales both axes so each pixel is 0.1

units. This is equivalent to resetting the

Integer

Trig

default values for Rescales the horizontal axis only, making

each pixel equal to 1 unit. Rescales the horizontal axis so that

XRNG and YRNG.

1 pixel equals /24 radians or 7.5 degrees; rescales the vertical axis so that 1 pixel equals 0.1 units.

Undo Zoom

Returns the display to the previous zoom, or if there has been only one zoom, displays the graph with the original plot settings.

Box zoom A box zoom enables you to zoom in on an area of the screen that

you specify.

1. With the Plot view menu open, tap and select Box.

2. Tap one corner of the area you want to zoom in on and then tap .

3. Tap the diagonally opposite corner of the area you want to zoom in on and then tap .

The screen fills with the area you specified. To return to the default view, tap and select Decimal.

You can also use the cursor keys to specify the area you want to zoom in on.

90 An introduction to HP apps

Views menu The most commonly used zoom

3 xsin

options are also available on the Views menu. These are:

• Autoscale

• Decimal

• Integer

• Trig.

These options—which can be applied whatever view you are currently working in—are explained in the table immediately above.

Testing a zoom with split-screen viewing

Zoom examples

A useful way of testing a zoom is to divide the screen into two halves, with each half showing the plot, and then to apply a zoom only to one side of the screen. The illustration at the right is a plot of y = 3sin x. To split the screen into two halves:

1. O p en t h e Views menu.

Press

2. Select Split Screen: Plot Detail.

The result is shown at the right. Any zoom operation you undertake will be applied only to the copy of the plot in the right-hand half of the screen. This will help you test and then choose an appropriate zoom.

Note that you can replace the original plot on the left with the zoomed plot on the right by tapping

To un-split the screen, press

The following examples show the effects of the zooming options on a plot of using the default zoom factors (2 × 2). Splitscreen mode (described above) has been used to help you see the effect of zooming.

An introduction to HP apps 91

Note that there is an Unzoom option on the Zoom menu. Use this to return a plot to its pre-zoom state. If the Zoom menu is not shown, tap .

Zoom In

Shortcut: press

Zoom Out

Out

Shortcut: press w

X In

XIn

X Out

Y In

YIn

92 An introduction to HP apps

Y Out

Square

Notice that in this example, the plot on left has had a YIn zoom applied to it. The Square zoom has returned the plot to its default state where the X and Y scales are equal.

Autoscale

Decimal

Notice that in this example, the plot on left has had a XIn zoom applied to it. The Decimal zoom has reset the default values for the x-range and y- range.

Integer

An introduction to HP apps 93

Trace

Trig

[Scope: Advanced Graphing, Function, Parametric, Polar, Sequence, Solve, Statistics 1 Var, and Statistics 2Var.]

The tracing functionality enables you to move a cursor (the trace cursor) along the current graph. You move the trace cursor by pressing move the trace cursor by tapping on or near the current plot. The trace cursor jumps to the point on the plot that is closest point to where you tapped.

The current coordinates of the cursor are shown at the bottom of the screen. (If menu buttons are hiding the coordinates, tap

Trace mode and coordinate display are automatically turned on when a plot is drawn.

or >. You can also

to hide the buttons.)

To select a plot

94 An introduction to HP apps

Except in the Advanced Graphing app, if there is more than one plot displayed, press you are interested in.

In the Advanced Graphing app, tap-and-hold on the plot you are interested in. Either the plot is selected, or a menu of plots appears for you select one.

or \ until the trace cursor is on the plot

To evaluate a definition

One of the primary uses of the trace functionality is to evaluate a plotted definition. Suppose in Symbolic view you have defined F1(X) as (X – 1)

–3. Suppose further that you want to know

what the value of that function is when X is 25.

1. Open Plot view (

P).

2. If the menu at the bottom of the screen is not open, tap

3. If more than one definition is plotted, ensure that the trace cursor is on the plot of the definition you want to evaluate. You can press press

= or \ to move the trace cursor from plot to plot.

4. If you pressed

to see the definition of a plot, and

to see the definition of a plot, the menu at the bottom of the screen will be closed. Tap to reopen it.

5. Tap .

6. Enter 25 and tap .

7. T a p .

The value of F1(X) when X is 25 as shown at the bottom of the screen.

This is one of many ways the HP Prime provides for you to evaluate a function for a specific independent variable. You can also evaluate a function in Numeric view (see page 102). Moreover, any expression you define in Symbolic view can be evaluated in Home view. For example, suppose F1(X)is defined as (x –1) F1(4) in Home view and press

(4– 1)

–3 = 6.

E you get 6, since

– 3. If you enter

To turn tracing on or off

• To turn off tracing, tap .

• To turn on tracing, tap .

If these options are not displayed, tap .

When tracing is off, pressing the cursor keys no longer constrains the cursor to a plot.

An introduction to HP apps 95

Plot view: Summary of menu buttons

Button Purpose

Displays a menu of zoom options. See “Zoom options” on page 88.

[Function only]

A toggle button for turning off and turning on trace functionality. See “Trace” on page 94.

Displays an input form for you to specify a value you want the cursor to jump to. The value you enter is the value of the independent variable.

Displays a menu of options for analyzing a plot. See “Analyzing functions” on page 118.

Displays the definition responsible for generating the selected plot.

A toggle button that shows and hides the other buttons across the bottom of the screen.

Common operations in Plot Setup view

This section covers only operations common to the apps mentioned. See the chapter dedicated to an app for the appspecific operations done in Plot Setup view.

Press

SP to open Plot Setup view.

Configure Plot view

[Scope: Advanced Graphing, Function, Parametric, Polar, Sequence, Statistics 1 Var, Statistics 2Var]

The Plot Setup view is used to configure the appearance of Plot view and to set the method by which graphs are plotted. The

96 An introduction to HP apps

HP Prime Graphing Calculator User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

Getting started

Before starting

On/off, cancel operations

The display

Sections of the display

Navigation

Touch gestures

The keyboard

Context-sensitive menu

Entry and edit keys

Shift keys

Adding text

Math keys

Menus

Toolbox menus

Input forms

System-wide settings

Home settings

Specifying a Home setting

Mathematical calculations

Choosing an entry type

Entering expressions

Reusing previous expressions and results

Storing a value in a variable

Complex numbers

Sharing data

Online Help

Reverse Polish Notation (RPN)

History in RPN mode

Sample calculations

Manipulating the stack

Computer algebra system (CAS)

CAS view

CAS calculations

Settings

Exam Mode

Modifying the default configuration

Creating a new configuration

Activating Exam Mode

Cancelling exam mode

Modifying configurations

To change a configuration

To return to the default configuration

Deleting configurations

An introduction to HP apps

Application Library

App views

Symbolic view

Symbolic Setup view

Plot view

Plot Setup view

Numeric view

Numeric Setup view

Quick example

Common operations in Symbolic view

Symbolic view: Summary of menu buttons

Common operations in Symbolic Setup view

Common operations in Plot view

Zoom

Trace

Plot view: Summary of menu buttons

Common operations in Plot Setup view

Configure Plot view