HP (Hewlett-Packard) E4446A, E4443A, E4440A, E4448A, E4445A User Manual

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Getting Started Guide

PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers

This manual provides documentation for the following instruments:

E4440A (3 Hz - 26.5 GHz)

E4443A (3 Hz - 6.7 GHz

E4445A (3 Hz - 13.2 GHz)

E4446A (3 Hz - 44 GHz)

E4448A (3 Hz - 50 GHz)

Manufacturing Part Number: E4440-90242 Supersedes: E444 0-90229

Printed in USA

August 2004

Notice

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Agilent T echnologies makes no war ranty of any kind with r egard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a partic ular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

The following safety symbols are used throughout this manual. Familiarize yourself with the symbols and their meaning before operating this analyzer.

WARNING Warning denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure

which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

CAUTION Caution denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not

correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of the analyzer. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

NOTE Note calls out special information for the user’s attention. It provides

operational information or additional instructions of which the user should be aware.

Additional Information

For the latest information about this analyzer, including firmware upgrades, application information, and product information, see the following URL:

http://www.agilent.com/find/psa/

Contents

1. Installation and Setup

Initial Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

AC Power Cord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Why Aren’t All the Personality Options Loaded in Memory? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Using an External Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Firmware Revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Running Internal Alignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Printer Setup and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2. Fro nt and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Front-Panel Connectors and Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Display Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Rear-Panel Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Key Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Front and Rear Panel Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3. Making a Basic Measurement

Using the Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Entering Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Using Menu Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Creating a User Preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Viewing a Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4. Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Locating and viewing files in th e ca t a l og . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Creating a directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Saving a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Step 1. Set up the analyzer trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Step 2. Save the file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Loading a file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Renaming a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Copying a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Deleting a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Using the Alpha Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

5. Options and Accessories

Ordering Options and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Contents

Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

50 Ohm/75 Ohm Minimum Loss Pad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

75 Ohm Matching Transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

AC Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

AC Probe (Low Frequency) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Broadband Preamplifiers and Power Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

GPIB Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

USB/GPIB Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

HP/Agilent 11970 Series Harmonic Mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

HP/Agilent 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

RF and Transient Limiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Static Safe Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

6. In Case of Difficulty

Types of Spectrum Analyzer Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Before Calling Agilent Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Check the Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Read the Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Service Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Calling Agilent Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Returning an Analyzer for Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

1 Installation and Setup

Installation and Setup

This chapter provides the following information that you may need when you first receive your spectrum analyzer:

• “Initial Inspection” on page 7

• “Power Requirements” on page 9

• “Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time” on page 13

• “Printer Setup and Operation” on page 17

• “Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge” on page 19

• “Running Internal Alignments” on page 16

• “Safety Information” on page 20

Agilent Technologies Performance Spectrum Analyzer (PSA)

6 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Initial Inspection

Inspect the shipping container and the cus hioning material for signs of stress. Retain the shipping materials for fu ture use , as you may wi sh to ship the analyz er to another loca tion or to Agilent T ec hnologies for service . Verify that the contents of the shipping contai ner are complete. The following tab l e l ists the items shipped with the analyzer.

Item Description

Accessories

IntuiLink Toolbar software, CD-ROM

Power Cable (See Table 1-2. on page 11) Connection for power source. Adapter (E4446A and E4448A only) 2.4 mm(f) to K(f) front panel connector adapter, part number

Adapter (E4446A and E4448A only) 2.4 mm(f) to 2.4 mm(f) front panel connector adapter, part

Standard Documentation Set

Getting Started Guide Covers unpacking and setting up the analyzer, analyzer

User’s and Programmer ’s Reference Describes analyzer features in detail, including front-panel

Measurement Guide Provides details on how to measure various signals, and how

Specifications Guide Doc uments specifi c ations, safety, and regulatory information. Instrument Messages and Functional Tests Includes instrument messages (and suggestions for

Provides a set of connectivity tools that enable you to easily move data from your analyzer to your PC.

1250-2187

number 1250-2188

features, and how to make a basic measurement. Includes information on options and accessories, and what to do if you have a problem.

key descriptions, basic spectrum analyzer programming information, and SCPI command descriptions.

to use catalogs and files.

troubleshooting them), and manual functional tests.

Programming Conversion Guide Describes SCPI programming command compatibility for

8590, 8560, 8566, ESA/PSA series analyzers.

Documentation CD-ROM Includes the documents in the standard set (listed above).

You can view and print the information as ne eded. See the CD-ROM jacket for installation information.

NOTE If you purchased one or more optional measurement personalities, the related guides for the

options you ordere d are included. Service documentation is not included in the standard documentation set. See “Options” on

page 61 for information on ordering.

Chapter 1 7

Installation and Setup

Initial Inspection

If There Is a Problem

If the shipping materials are damaged o r the contents of the container are incomplete:

• Contact the nearest Agilent Technologies office to arrange for repair or replacement (Table 6-2. on page 75). You will not need to wait for a claim settlement.

• Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s inspection.

• If you must return an analyzer to Agilent Tec hnologies , use the original (or comparable)

shipping materials (see “Returning an Analyzer for Service” on page 76).

8 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Power Requirements

The only physical installation of your Agil ent spectrum ana lyzer is a connect ion to a powe r source.

Line voltage does not need to be selected. This analyzer does not contain customer serviceable fuses.

WARNING Failure to ground the analyzer properly can result in personal

injury. Before turning on the analyzer, you must connect its protective earth terminals to the protective conductor of the main power cable. Insert the main power cable plug into a socket outl et that has a protective earth contact only. DO NOT defeat the earth-grounding protection by using an extension cable, power cable, or autotransformer without a protective ground conductor.

If you are using an autotransformer, make sure its common terminal is connected to the protective earth contact of the power source outlet socket.

This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the product is likely to make the product dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

WARNING To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the Agilent Technologies

spectrum analyzer from mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.

CAUTION VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS: When installing the product in a cabinet,

the convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating temperature of the product by 4 cabinet. If the total p ower dis sipat ed in t he cabinet is great er than 8 00 w a tts, then forced convection must be used.

This analyzer has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage is within the specified range.

°C for every 100 watts dissipated in the

Chapter 1 9

Installation and Setup

Power Requirements

NOTE For more information regarding analyzer specifications, see the

Specifications guide.

Table 1-1. Power Requirements

Description Specifications

Voltage, Frequency

Power Consumption, On Base Fully Loaded

Power Consump tion, Stand b y < 20 W

100 to 132 Vrms, 47 to 66 Hz/360 to 440Hz 195 to 250 Vrms, 47 to 66 Hz

< 260 W < 450 W

AC Power Cord

The analyz e r i s eq u i pped with a thre e - wire power cord, in accordance with in t e rnational safety standards . This cable grounds the analyzer cabinet when connected to an appropriate power line outlet. The cable appropriate to the original shipping location is included w i th th e analyzer.

Various AC power cables are available that are unique to specific geographic are as. You can order additional AC power cables for use in different areas. AC Power Cords, on

page 11 lists the available AC power cables, illustrates the plug configurations, and

identifies the geographic area in which each cable is appropriate.

NOTE The front panel switch is a standby switch only; it is not a LINE switch

(power disconnecting device).

WARNING Install the product so that the detachable power cord is readily

identifiable and easily reached by the operator. The detachable power cord is the product disconnecting device. It disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the product. The front panel switch is only a standby switch and is not a LINE switch. Alternatively, an externally installed switch or circuit breaker (which is readily identifiable and is easily reached by the operator) may be used as a disconnecting device.

CAUTION Always use the three-prong AC power cord supplied with this product.

Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord can cause product damage.

10 Chapter 1

Table 1-2. AC Power Cords

Installation and Setup

Power Requirements

Chapter 1 11

Installation and Setup

Power Requirements

Battery Information

The analyzer uses a Lithium Polycarbo n Monofloride battery to power the analyzer clock. The battery is located on the CPU board.

You can order the service documentation for Agilent spectrum analyzers through your Agilent Sales and Service office. The documentation is described under “Options” on

page 61.

NOTE If the analyzer’s cloc k does not work, the problem is the battery. See

“Returning an Analyzer for Service” on page 76.

WARNING Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only

with the same or equivalent type recommended. Discard used batteries according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

12 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time

❏ Plug in the power cord.

WARNING If this product is to be energized via an external auto transformer for

voltage reduction, make sure that its common terminal is connected to a neutral (earthed pole) of the power supply.

CAUTION The analyzer is shipped with a a transportation disk inse rted in the disk

drive to prevent damage to the disk drive during transportation. This transportation disk, or a blank floppy disk, should be inserted in the disk drive whenever transporting the analyzer.

Do not leave a disk in the front-panel disk drive while turni ng the anal yze r on. Also, ensure that the transportation disk is removed from the drive.

NOTE Do not connect anything else to the analyzer yet. ❏ Press the power switch (located in the lower left-hand corner of the analyzer’s front

panel) to turn the analyzer on. See “Fr ont Panel Overview” on page 22 .

NOTE The instrument requires >2 minutes to power-on.

Information Screen

An information screen appears during the initializat ion process. The information screen contains the analyzer product number and a URL for accessing product support information on the World Wide Web. See “Additional Information” on page 2 .

NOTE The information screen displays for approximately 10 seconds before the

initialization process is complete. Record the firmware revision and serial number, and keep it for reference. If

you should ever need to call Agilent Technologies for service or with any questions regarding your analyzer, it will be helpful to have this information readily available. You can also obtain the firmware revision and seria l number by pressing System, More, Show System.

Chapter 1 13

Installation and Setup

Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time

❏ If using LAN, set the IP add ress of the analyzer to an appropriate number for your

network (one that the network recognizes, but that is not yet in use):

— Press — If the current ad dress is not appro p ri a te, press

System, Config I/O, and note the IP address.

IPAddress and use the keypad to

change it.

— Connect the LAN cable to the LAN connector located on the rear panel of your

analyzer (see “Rear -Panel Features” on page 27).

— Cycle the analyzer power.

NOTE It is necessary t o cycle the power to the analyze r af ter plugging in th e LA N

for the analyzer to recognize the network.

❏ Allow the spectrum analyzer to warm-up for 30 minutes before making a calibrated

measurement. To meet its specifications, the analyzer must meet operating temperature conditions.

NOTE It is normal to hear clicking when the Auto Alignment function is on. See

“Running Internal Alignments” on page 16 for more information.

Why Aren’t All the Personality Options Loaded in Memory?

Many measurement personality options are available for use with this instrument. If the option is loaded in the instrument, you must also have a license key entered, to use it.

Some versions of instrument hardware my not have enough memory to accommodate all the options that you have ordere d. If this is the case you will need to sw ap the applicat ions in/out of memory, as needed. It may also be possible to upgrade your hardware to have more memory. Contact your local sales/service office.

Using an External Reference

1. To use an exte rnal fre quency ref erence, connect it to the EXT REF IN connector on the rear panel (see “Rear-Panel Features” on page 27).

2. Enter the frequency of the external referenc e into the analyzer: a. Press

b. Select th e c. Use the keypad to enter the frequency of the external frequency reference.

System, Reference, Freq Ref

Ext function.

14 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Firmware Revision

To view the firmware revision of your analyzer, press System, More, Show System. If you call Agilent T echnologie s regarding your anal yzer, it is helpful to have this revi sion and the analyzer serial number available.

TIP You can get automatic electronic notification of new firmware releases and

other product updates/information by subscribing to the Agilent Technologies Test & Measurement E-Mail Notification Service for the PSA and ESA Series at http://www.agilent.com/find/notifyme

Chapter 1 15

Installation and Setup

Running Internal Alignments

Each time the analyzer is powered on, the internal alignme nt routine runs automatically. The analyzer was shipped from the factory with the Alignments mode set to Auto. This

setting enables the alignment routine to run automatically either every 24 hours, or when the internal analyzer temperature changes

NOTE When the Alignment routine runs, you will hear the attenuator settings

changing, which generates noise. This is not an indication of trouble.

Manually Performing an Alignment

Auto Align, Off is selected, refer to the Specifications guide for the conditions required to

maintain calibration.

NOTE For detailed information regarding the alignment routine (including how to

run alignments, and how the analyzer can alert you when align ment s are required) re fer to the User’s guide for your analyzer.

±3°C.

16 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Printer Setup and Operation

A printer can be connected to your analyzer if it is equipped with an external I/O interface. Supported printers accept Hewlett-Packard Printer Control Language Level 3 (PCL3) or 5 (PCL5). Refer to the documentation or sp eci fications suppl ied with your prin ter, or contact the manufa c tu rer to identi f y y ou r p r in ter’s language.

Equipment

• IEEE 1284 compliant printer cable.

• Supported and tested pri nters are listed below. Note that there are many PCL3/5

printers tha t m ay wo r k w i th y o u r a n al y zer, however, they have not been te sted.

— PCL3 printers include most HP DeskJet printers. — PCL5 printers include most HP LaserJet printers.

NOTE The following printers are not compatible with your analyzer.

• HP Deskjet 720C, 722C, 820C and 1600C

• Epson MX-80, FX-85, Stylus, and LQ-570

Printer Models Language Type Color Cap able

HP DeskJet 310, 320, 350C, 400L PCL3 yes HP DeskJet 500C, 550C, 600, 660C, 672C,

680C, 682C, 690C, 693C HP DeskJet 840C, 850C, 870C, 890C, 895C PCL3 yes HP DeskJet 935C, 970C, 990C PCL3 yes HP DeskJet 1120C, 1150C PCL3 yes HP Inkjet 2000C PCL 3 yes HP LaserJet 4L, 4P, 4 Plus PCL3/5 no HP LaserJet 5L, 5M, 5N, 5P, 5SI PCL3/5 no HP LaserJet 6L, 6MP, 6P PCL5 no HP LaserJet 2100 Series, PCL3/5 no HP LaserJet 4050N PCL3/5 yes

PCL3 yes

HP LaserJet 5000GN PCL3/5 yes HP Professional Series 2500CM PCL3 yes HP Professional Series 2500CM PCL3 yes

Chapter 1 17

Installation and Setup

Printer Setup and Operation

Interconnection and Setup

1. Turn off the printer and the analyzer.

2. Using an IEEE 1284 compliant parallel printer cable, connect the printer to the analyzer parallel I/O interface connector on the rear panel (see “Rear-Panel Features”

on page 27).

3. Turn on the analyzer and printer.

4. On the front panel, press Prin t Setup, then press the Printer Setup menu key.

5. Select the printer language and color capability appropriate for your printer. See table above this section for a list of some compatible printers.

Testing Printer Operation

When you have completed the printer setup for the analyzer, press the front panel

key. If the printer is ready and the printer setup was successful, a printout of the analyzer display will be printed. If the printer is not ready, the message “Printer not responding” appears at the bottom of the screen.

NOTE There may be some small discrepancies in the color mapping of the analyzer

display to your color printer. Due to differences in display and printer technologies, the default display colors do not map exactly to the printer colors. F o r example trace 1 is yellow on your analyzer display while it maps to green on your printer.

18 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge

Electrostatic disch arge (ESD) can da mage or dest roy electronic c omponents (the possibility of unseen damage caused by ESD is present whenever co mponents are trans ported, s tored, or used).

Test Equipment and ESD

To help reduce ESD damage that can occur while using test equipment:

• Before connecting any coaxial c able to an anal yze r con nector f or t he fi rst ti me eac h da y, momentarily short the center and outer conductors of the cable together.

• Personnel should be grounded wi th a 1 M the center pin of any connector and before removing any assembly from the analyze r.

• Be sure that all instruments are properly earth-grounded to prevent build-up of static charge.

WARNING Do not use these first three techniques when working on circuitry

with a voltage potential greater than 500 volts.

• Perform work on all components or assemblies at a stat ic-safe workstation.

• Keep static-generating materials at least one meter away from all components.

• Store or transport components in static-shielding containers.

• Always handle printed circuit board assemblies by the edges. This reduces the

possibility of ESD damage to components and prevent contamination of exposed plating.

For information on ordering static-safe accessories, see “Accessories” on page 66.

Additional Information about ESD

For more information about ESD and how to prevent ESD damage, contact the Electrostatic Discharge Ass ociation (http://www.esda.org). The ESD standard s developed by this agency are sanctioned by the American National Standards Ins titute (ANSI).

Ω resistor -isolat ed wrist- strap bef ore touc hing

Chapter 1 19

Installation and Setup

Safety Information

WARNING This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing

ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall be inserted only in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the product is likely to make the product dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a normal condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.

20 Chapter 1

2 Front and Rear Panel Features

This chapter gives you an overview of the front and rear panel s of your analyzer. For details on analyzer keys and remote pro gr amming, refer to the User’s and Programmer’s Reference. For connector specifications (including input/output levels), see the Specifications guide.

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

This section provides information on the analyzer’s front panel, including:

• Front Panel Connectors and Keys, see below

• “Display Annotations” on page 24

Front-Panel Connectors and Keys

Item

Description

# Name

I and QInputs

Softkeys Menu labels identifying the current function of each softkey appear to the left of each

ESC Key Exits any function without modifying the current parameters. Also blanks the active

Control Keys Set parameters used for making measurements in the current measuremen t mo de.

4 5 Measure KeysSelect and set up specific measurements within the current application.

Mode Keys Select measurement mode and mode parameters.

Allow connection of an analog I/Q demodulator (not currently implemented).

key. Softkey menus dependent on the active menu. Also see “Using Menu Keys” on page 49.

function annotation.

22 Chapter 2

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

Item

Description

# Name

7 System Keys Access features used with all analyzer modes and af fect the state of the entire spectrum

analyzer.

Vol. Control/

Earphones

PROBE PWR Supplies power for external high frequency probes and accessories (see page 83). Marker Keys Enable markers to obtain specific information about the displayed measurement.

EXT TRIGGE

R INPUT

POWER

ON/OFF

Not currently implemented. To be implemented in future firmware upgrade.

Enables you to externally trigger measurements.

Turns the analyzer on. A green light indicates power on. A yellow light indicates standby mode.

NOTE The front-pa nel switch is a standby switch, not a LINE switch

(disconnecting device); the analyzer continues to draw power even when the line switch is in standby. Use the detachable power cord to disconnect the an alyzer from the mains supply.

Help Key Not currently implemented. To be implemented in future firmware upgrade.

Window KeysNext Window: On displays with multiple windows, changes the highlighted window that is

currently active.

Zoom: Zooms in on the highlighted window.

Navigation Keys

Not currently implemented. To be implemented in future firmware upgrade.

Return Key Exits the current menu and returns to the previous menu.

Data Control

Floppy

Disk Drive

RF Input Input for an external signal. Make sure that the total power of all signals at the analyzer

Change the numeric value of an active function. Entries appear in the active function area of the display. Also see “Entering Data” on page 49.

Accepts a 3.5 inch 1.44 MB floppy disk.

input does not exceed +30 dBm (1 watt). The E4446A and E4448A input connector is

2.4 mm.

IF Input, 1s t LO Output

Allows connections for external mixing (Option AYZ)

Chapter 2 23

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

Display Annotations

Item Descript i o n Associated F unction Ke ys

Detector type

Det/Demod, Detector

2 Refer ence level Amplitude, Ref Level 3 Active function block Refer to the description of the activated function. 4 Screen title

Display, Title

5 Time and date display System, Time/Date 6

RF attenuation

Amplitude, Attenuation

7Display line Display, Display Line 8Marker Marker 9 Active marker Marker

10 Active marker frequency and

Marker

amplitude

24 Chapter 2

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

Item Descript i o n Associated F unction Ke ys

11 Data invalid indicator Asterisk (*) means some or all trace data may not match

annotation due to possible analyzer setting changes.

12 Status message area Displays status messages (see “Types of Spectrum

Analyzer Messages” on page 71).

13 Key menu title Dependent on menu selection. 14 Softkey menu Softkey labels 15 Frequency span or stop frequency 16

Sweep time

Video bandwidth

Span or Frequency, Stop Freq

Sweep, Sweep Time

BW, Video BW

18 Frequency offset Frequency, Freq Offset 19 Display status line Displays informational and error messages (see “Types of

Spectrum Analyzer Messages” on page 71).

Resolution bandwidth

BW, Res BW

21 Center frequency or start frequency Frequency, Center Freq or Start Freq 22 Internal preamp Amplitude, Int Preamp 23 Auto alignment routine status System, Alignments, Auto align

(If auto alignment is off, no indicator appears)

AA: auto alignment of all

analyzer parameters.

AL: analyzer alerts you when alignment is needed.

24 Trigger or Trace

Trig or Trace/Avg

Trigger & sweep modes:

F: free-run trigger

X: external (front) trigger

R: external (rear) trigger

L: line trigg e r

V: video trigger

C: continuous swe ep

S: single swee p

Trace modes:

W: clear-write S: store blank m: minimum hold M: maximum hold V: view 1: trace 1 2: trace 2 3: trace 3

Average

26 Display line annotation

T race/Avg, Average: The

number shown indicates

current average number.

Display, Display Line

VAvg: voltage av erage LgAv: log power average PAvg power average

27 Amplitude offset Amplitude, Ref Lvl Offst 28 Amplitude scale Amplitude, Scale Type or Amplitude, Scale/Div

Chapter 2 25

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

Item Descript i o n Associated F unction Ke ys

Phase noise optimization

Auto Couple, PhNoise Opt

Phase noise can be optimized for:

f<50k: frequencies less than 50 kHz from carrier. f>50k: frequencies greater than 50 kHz from carrier. FTun: LO for fast tuning.

Sweep type

31 Signal track

(could also be CP Continuous Peak

Sweep, Sweep Type Frequency, Signal Track

Peak Search

, Continuous Pk

a. This function can be auto-coupled. A pound (#) symbol in front of this annotation indicates an

uncoupled function.

26 Chapter 2

Rear-Panel Features

Front and Rear Panel Features

Rear-Panel Features

Item Description

# Name

1 NOISE SOURCE

DRIVE OUT +28 V (PULSED)

PRESEL TUNE OUT

10 MHz OUT (SWITCHED)

EXT REF IN Input for a 1 t o 30 MHz external frequen cy reference signal. Also see page 12.

321.4 MHz IF

Out

TRIGGER 1 OUT A trigger outp ut used to synchro nize other test equip ment with the analyz er. Trigger

Provides 28 V to drive a noise source. Used on Option 219 Noise Figure personality.

Outputs tuning voltage for preselected harmonic m ixer.

A switched output of the analyzer’s internal 10 MHz frequency re ference s ignal used to lock the frequency reference of other test equipment to the analyzer.

Provides 321.4 MHz IF output.

1 is the High=Sweeping (HSWP) signal.

TRIGGER 2 IN Allows external triggering of measurements.

VIDEO OUT Provides a y-axis video out signal. Note that this signal is not available when gating

is being used.

21.4 MHz IF OUT Provides 21.4 MHz IF output.

10 SCSI This feature is for factory use only

Chapter 2 27

Front and Rear Panel Features

Rear-Panel Features

Item Description

# Name

11 KYBD Enables connection of an external PS-2 keyboard using a 6-pin mini-DIN connector.

Always turn off power before plugging in keyboard.

This feature not fully implemented. Currently used only for firmware upgrades.

Line power

input

GPIB Allows the connection of a General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB, IEEE 488.1) cable,

The AC power connection. Also see “Power Requirements” on page 5.

which enables remote analyzer operation.

LAN A TCP/IP Interface.

Also see “Turnin g on t he A nalyzer for the First Time” on page11 for information on setting the IP address.

For information on using the analyzer remotely, refer to the User’s and Programmer’s Reference.

TRIGGER 2 OUT A trigger output used to synchronize other test equipment with the analyzer.

Reserved for future applications.

PARALLEL Supports remote printing (Printing is supported only from the parallel port).

70 MHZ IF OUT Provides 70 MHz IF output.

MONITOR Allows connection of an external VGA monitor.

RS-232 Allows connection of a PC, printer, or modem.

This feature not fully implemented; to be implemented in a future release.

HNQ IN H7L IN H70 IN

These features are only available when special options are installed.

28 Chapter 2

Front and Rear Panel Features

Key Overview

The keys labeled FREQUENCY Ch annel, System, and Marker are all examples of front-panel keys. The front-pane l keys are dark gr ay, light gray, green, or white in color. Front-panel keys that are white perform an immediate action rather than bringing up a menu. The only green key is the panel keys and their related menu keys can be found in user’s guide for your analyzer). Pressing most of the dark or light gray front-p anel keys accesses menus of functions that are displayed along the right side of the display. These are called menu keys.

Menu keys list fu n ctions other th a n th o se a ccessed directl y b y the front panel keys. To activate a menu key function, press the key immediately to the right of the annotation on the screen. The menu keys that are displayed depend on which front-panel key is pressed and which menu level is enabled.

If a menu key function’s value can be changed, it is called an active function. The function label of the active function is highligh ted after that key has been selected. For example, press

AMPLITUDE Y Scale. This calls up the menu of related amplitude functions. Note the

function labeled

Ref Level also appears in the active function blo ck, indicating t hat it is the act ive amplitude

function and can now be changed using any of the data entry controls.

Preset key, which performs an analyzer reset (A summary of all front

Ref Level (the default selected key in the Amplitude menu) is highlighted.

A menu key with On and Off in its label can be used to turn the menu key’s function on or off. To turn the function on, press the menu key so that On is underlined. To turn the function off, press the menu key so that Off is underlined. In the manual, when On should be underlined, it will be indicated as

Function (On).

A function with Auto and Man in the label can either be auto-coupled or have its value manually changed. The value of the function can be changed manually using the numeric keypad, knob, or step keys. To auto-couple a function, press the menu key so that Auto is underlined. In the manual, when

Function (Auto).

Auto should be underlined, it will be indicated as

In some key menus, one key label will always be highlighted to show which key has been selected. For example, when you press

Marker, you will access a menu of keys in which

some of the keys are grouped together by a blue bar on the left side of the menu. The

Normal key, which is the Marker menu default key, will be highlighted. When you press

another key within the blue bar region, such as

Delta, the highlight will move to th at key to

show it has been selected.

Chapter 2 29

Front and Rear Panel Features

Key Overview

In other key menus, one key label will always be highlighted to show which key has been selected but the menu is immediately exited when a selection is made. For example, when you press the keys. The When you press the selected and the screen will return to the

Orientation key (on the Print Setup menu), it will bring up its own menu of

Portrait key, which is the Orientation menu default key, will be highlighted.

Landscape key, the highlight will move to that key to show it has been

Print Setup menu.

The arrow keys located below the analyzer displa y (sometimes r eferred to as Tab keys) can be used to navigate within tables , for example the Limit-Line tabl e. These ke ys are used to move between rows. The Left-arrow key moves up, while the right-arrow key moves down. While navigating through the table, the cursor (inverse video highlight) stays in the same column. Navigating left or right in the table is accomplished by choosing the desired field using the front-panel keys.

30 Chapter 2

Front and Rear Panel Symbols

This symbol is used to indicate power ON (green LED).

This symbol is used to indicate power STANDBY mode (yellow LED).

This symbol is used to indicate the ON position of the power button.

This symbol is used to indicate the OFF position of the power button.

This symbol indicates the input power required is AC.

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front and Rear Panel Symbols

The instruction documentation symbol. The product is marked with this

symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to instructions in the documentation.

The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community.

The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Spectrum

Management Agency.

This is a marking of an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A

product, and to indicate product compliance with the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Standard (ICES-001).

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards

Association.

Chapter 2 31

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front and Rear Panel Symbols

32 Chapter 2

3 Making a Basic Measurement

This chapter provides information on basic analyzer operation. For more information on making measurements, see the measurement guide for your analyzer.

Making a Basic Measurement

This chapter is divided into the following sections:

•“Using the Front Pa nel ” on page 35

•“Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer” on page 36

•“Viewing a Signal” on page 37

CAUTION Ensure that the total power of all signals at the analyzer input does not

exceed +30 dBm (1 watt).

Basic Assumption

The material in this chapter is prese nted with the assumption that you understand the front and rear panel la yout, and displ ay annot ations of your analyzer. If you do not, refer to “Front and Rear Panel Features” on page 21.

NOTE The display examples in this book are made using various analyzer

models, you may see some variations depending upon your analyzer.

34 Chapter 3

Making a Basic Measurement

Using the Front Panel

Entering Data

When setting measurement parameters, there are several ways to enter or modify the value of the active function:

Knob Arrow Keys Numeric Keypad

Unit Softkeys Enter Key

Increments or decrements the current value. Increments or decrements the current value. Enters a specific value. Then press the desired terminator (either

a unit softkey, or the Terminate a value that requires a unit-of-measurement.

Terminates an entry when either no unit of measure is needed, or you want to use the default unit.

Enter key).

Using Menu Keys

Menu Keys (which appear along the right side of the display) provide access to many analyzer functions. Here are examples of menu key types:

Toggle Allows you to activate/deactivate states.

Example: Toggles the selection (underlined choice)

Submenu Displays a new menu of softkeys.

Example: A submenu key allows you to view a new

Signal Track

On Off

Catalog

each time you press the key.

menu of softkeys related to the submenu key category.

Choice Allows you to make a selection from a list of values.

Example: A choice key displays the currently selected

Adjust Highlights the softkey and sets the active function.

Examples: Press this type of key and enter a value.

Y Axis Units

dBm

CF Step

13.2550000 GHz

Attenuation

10.00 dB

Auto Man

submenu choice, in this example, dBm. When the choice is made, the submenu automatically returns.

The default for softkeys with an automatic

Auto) or manual (Man) choice is automatic.

( After you enter a value, the selection changes to manual. You can also press the softkey twice to change to manual.

Chapter 3 35

Making a Basic Measurement

Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer

Preset provides a known starting point for making measure me nts. The analyzer has three type s of preset:

Factory Preset Restores the analyzer to its factory-defin ed state. User Preset Restores the analyzer to a user-defined state. Mode Preset This type of preset restores the currently selecte d mod e to a known

state. For details, see the User’s/Programmer’s manual. When

preset. When

Preset

Preset Type is set to Factory, pressing the green Preset key triggers a factory

Preset Type is set to User, pressing Preset displays the softkeys Factory

, User Preset, and Mode Preset (if applicable); you then select the preset you want.

Preset Type is set to Mode, but a personality is not installed, pressing Preset triggers a

factory preset.

Creating a User Preset

If you constantly use settings which are not the factory defaults, use the following steps to create a user- defined preset:

1. Set analyzer parameters as desired.

2. Press

user preset state.

3. Press

option.

Disabling User Preset

Go to the Power On/Preset menu (press of Factory or Mode.

System, Power On/Preset, Save User Preset to set the current parameters as the

Preset to select User in the same softkey menu to enable user preset as an

System, Powe r On/Preset) and select a Preset T ype

36 Chapter 3

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

1. Press Preset. If the softkeys Factory Preset and User Preset appear, select

Factory Preset.

Viewing a Signal

2. Press

System, Reference, then note the 10MHz Out setting. If Off is active (underlined),

press the softkey to toggle the reference on.

3. Connect the analyzer’s rear panel 10 MHz OUT (SWITCHED) to the front-panel input.

Setting Reference Level and Center Frequency

NOTE The display examples in this section are made using various analyzer

models, you may see some variations depending upon your analyzer.

4. Set the reference level to 10 dBm: Press

5. Set the center frequency to 30 MHz: Press

AMPLITUDE, 10, dBm.

FREQUENCY, Center Freq, 30, MHz.

The 10 MHz reference signal spectrum appears on the display, as shown in

Figure 3-1.

NOTE The display examples in this book are made using various analyzer

models, you may see some variations depending upon your analyzer.

Chapter 3 37

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Figure 3-1 10 MHz Internal Reference Signal and Associated Spectrum

10 MHz Peak

Setting Frequency Span

6. Set the frequency span to 50 MHz: Press

This displays the signal as shown in Figure 3-2.

SPAN, 5, 0, MHz.

38 Chapter 3

Figure 3-2 Span Changed to 50 MHz

10 MHz Peak

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Reading Frequency & Amplitude

7. Place a marker (labeled 1) on the 10 MHz peak, as shown in Figure 3-3. Press

Peak Search.

Note that the frequency and amplitude of the marker appear both in the active function block, and in the upper-right corner of the screen. You can use the knob, the arrow keys, or the softkeys in the Peak Search menu to move the marker. Pressing

Esc removes the value from the display.

8. If you have moved the marker, return it to the peak of the 10 MHz signal.

Changing Reference Level

9. Press Press

AMPLITUDE, and note that reference level (Ref Level) is now the active f unction. Marker ➞, Mkr ➞ Ref Lvl.

Note that changing the reference level changes the amplitude value of the top graticule line.

Figure 3-4 shows the relationship between center frequency and referenc e l evel. The

box represents the analyzer display. Changing the center frequency changes the horizontal placement of the signal on the display. Changing the reference level changes th e vertical plac ement of the signal on the disp l ay. Increasing th e span increases the frequency range that appears horizontally across the display.

Chapter 3 39

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Figure 3-3 A Marker on the 10 MHz Peak

Marker AnnotationActive function block

Figure 3-4 Relationship Between Frequency and Amplitude

40 Chapter 3

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Improving Frequency Accuracy

10.While not all of the zeros following the decimal in the active function block are significant, the numbers after the decimal in the marke r annotation (upper-rig ht corner of screen) are significant. To increase the accuracy of the frequency reading in the marker annotation, turn on the frequency count function.

a. Press

• The

b. Press

• The

11.Note softkey

Mkr Fctn.

Marker Fctn softkeys appear .

Marker Count.

Marker Count softkeys appear.

Marker Count On Off. If Off is underlined, press the softkey to toggle

marker co u n t on. As shown in Figure 3-5:

• The marker annotation changes from Mkr1 to Cntr1.

• The displayed resolution in the marker annotation improves.

NOTE When you use the freque ncy count function, if the ratio of the resoluti on

bandwidth to the span is less than 0.002, the following message appears on the display: Freq Count: Reduce Span/RBW ratio

This indicates that the resolution bandwidth is too narrow.

12.Press

Marker ➞, Mkr ➞ CF to move the 10 MHz peak to the center of the display.

Valid Marker Count Range

13.Move the marker down the skirt of the 10 MHz peak. Note that although the read out in the active function changes, as long as the marker is at least 26 dB above the noise, the counted value (upper -right corner of display) does not c hange (see Figure 3-6). For an accurate count, the marker does not have to be at the exact peak.

NOTE Marker count functions pro perly only on CW signals or discrete peaks.

For a valid reading, the marker must be ≥26 dB above the noise.

14.Press

BW/Avg, Res BW, then enter a new value. T hi s ac ti on makes the reso l u ti o n

bandwidth the active func tion and allows you to ex periment with different resolution bandwidth (RBW) values.

15.Press

Marker, Off to turn the marker off.

NOTE After properly setting the analyzer to display your signal, you can save

the settings as either a user preset (press

User Preset), or a file (se e “Saving a File” on page 48).

Chapter 3 41

System, Power O n/P reset, Save

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Figure 3-5 Increasing Marker Frequency Accuracy

Frequency Count increases accuracy

Figure 3-6 Using Marker Counter

42 Chapter 3

4 Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

The analyzer stores and retriev es data similarly to the way that a personal computer (PC) does: both have internal storage and a floppy disk drive . Whil e a PC has an internal drive, the analyzer’s internal s torage is nonvolatile (flash) memory, which acts as an internal drive. As with a PC , both the inte rnal s torage and the floppy di sk dri ve ha ve di rectory and sub-directory capability; in the analyzer, directories and subdirectories are called catalogs.

This chapter tells you how to:

• locate catalogs and view files, on page 45.

• save a file, on page 48.

For more information on catalogs and files, see the Measurement guide.

44 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions

This chapter describes how to use the func tions located under the front-panel File key. Data storage and retrieva l are h andled s imilarly to that of per sonal com puters (PCs). Like PCs, these analyzers include an internal storage drive and a floppy disk drive, both of which have directory and sub-directory capability.

You will learn how to do all of the following:

• locate and view files in the catalog

• format a floppy disk

• save a file

• load a file

• rename a file

• copy a file

• delete a file

NOTE The display examples in this book are made using various analyzer models,

you may see some variations depending upon your analyzer.

Locating and viewing files in the catalog

Techniques for locating files and directories are consistent throughout the various file menu functions. Although this section provides specific information about navigation in the catalog, you may wish to refer back to this section when performing other operations of the file menu.

The analyzer has three default catalogs (direct ories):

• State, which stores analyzer settings.

• Trace, which stores trace information.

• Screen, which stores screen captures of the display in .gif or .wmf format.

NOTE Trace files are not bitmap files. Files saved as Trace cannot be imported into

other applications or converted. If you require the use of other applications, for example .gif or .wmf formats using Screen for your file Type.

Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel, be sure to save your files as

Chapter 4 45

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions

Press File, Catalog to bring up a screen display as shown in Figure 4-1.

Figure 4-1. Catalog Menu

NOTE Use the front-panel Step Keys or Knob and the Dir Up or Dir Select keys to

move up and down within the directory informati on box .

1. The entry fields show the parameters for the files viewed. Entry fields that are being modified or are modifiable are indi cate d by highli ghting (i nvers e video). Eac h file menu function has its own unique set of e ntry fields pertaining t o that function. Bel ow are the fields listed under the catalog key:

a. Name: field states the filename. b. Show Type: field displays the type of files viewed. c. Path: field displays the drive and directory location of the files.

2. The directory information box displays the drives , directories, and/or files currently described in the entry f ields. Highlighting a r ow of info rmation se lects th at location and updates the entry fields. There are four column headings in this area of the display. They are described as follows:

a. Name: column st at e s th e dr i v e ([-A-] or [-C-]) if at the top level on the drive,

directory name, or filename.

46 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions

b. Type: column displays the extension of the filename, for example, .SET, .STA,

.TRC. Directories are displayed a s DI R and drives have nothing lis ted under Type:.

They are only designated by the Name: column ([-A-] or [-C-]). c. Size: column displays the size of the file in bytes. d. Modified: column di sp l ay s th e da te and time the la st change occurred.

3. The softkey menu has four options: a. Type: allows you to choose the type of file you wish to view. (You may view all types

by using the

All key under Type.)

b. Sort: Under the Sor t key, you can sort by any of the four columns and you can choose

up (ascending) or down (descending).

Dir Up: moves you up one directory level. If you are already at the top level, this key

moves you up to the drive level, displaying the available disk drives.

Dir Select: moves you down into the highlighted directory or up into the next level

(directory or drive) if the “. .” under the Name: column is highlighted.

NOTE Navigation keys: Use the front-panel St ep Keys or Knob and the Dir Up or Dir

Select keys to mo ve around in the di re ctory information box.

4. The drive space line shows the number of bytes used on the drive and the number of bytes still free on the drive.

Creating a directory

Directories and sub-direc tories can be created on both the A: floppy di sc and the internal C: drive. This allows maximum flexibility in organizing files. For this example, we will create a directory on the C: drive.

1. Press the entry fi el ds will be Dir Name: and Path: and the Heading will read: Directories.

2. Navigate through the file system until th e Path: field displays C:\. (Use the Step Keys, Knob, Dir Up, and/or Dir Select keys.)

3. Press is also available for the filename.) Press contains this directory title. (Use the corrections.)

4. Press Create Dir Now to execute th e operation. The message: Creating Directory appears on the screen. Then the status bar displays: Directory C:\START created.

File, More 1 of 2, Create Dir. Your screen should look similar to Figure 4-1, except

Name and enter the name, “START” using the Alpha Editor. (The numeric keypad

Enter (hardkey) when the Dir Name: field

Bk Sp hardkey on the front panel to make

5. To make a sub-dire ct ory, scr oll down to the START directory you just create d and press

Dir Select. The Path: field should now read: C:\START\. Repeat Steps 3 and 4 above ,

using a new name. The status bar now should read: Directory C:\START\new name created.

Chapter 4 47

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

You can save files (setups, states, traces, limits, corrections, measurement results, or screens) to a floppy disk (A:\), or the internal drive (C:\). In this example you will save a trace to the internal C: drive.

NOTE Trace files are not bitmap files. Files saved as Trace cannot be imported into

other applications or converted. If you require the use of other applications, for example .gif or .wmf formats using Screen for your file Type.

Step 1. Set up the analyzer trace

1. Perform a factory preset by pressing Preset, Factory Preset (if present).

2. Turn on the internal 50 MHz alignment signal of the analyzer as follows:

Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel, be sure to save your files as

• Press

3. Set the center frequency to 5 0 MHz by pressing press

4. Set the span to 75 MHz by pressing

Input/Output, Input Port, Amptd Ref.

FREQUENCY, Center Freq, 50, MHz.

SPAN, Span, 75, MHz. The reference signal will

appear on the display.

5. View trace 1 and put it into maximum hold by pressing should already by underlined, but if not, pr ess

Max Hold.) Your analyzer display should look similar to Figure 4-3.

press

T race 1 2 3 until 1 is under lined and t hen

Figure 4-2. Viewing Trace 1

View/Trace, Max Hold. (Trace 1

48 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

6. Activate trace 2 and put it into minimum hold by pressing Trace (2), Min Hold. Your analyzer display should look similar to Figure 4-4.

Figure 4-3. Viewing Traces 1 and 2

7. Activate trace 3 by pressing similar to Figure 4-5.

Trace (3), Clear Write. Your analyzer display should look

Chapter 4 49

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

Figure 4-4. Viewing Traces 1, 2, and 3

Step 2. Save the file

1. To access the Save menu, press, File, Save.

2. Select the type of file you want to save. In this example you are saving a trace; press

Type, Trace.

NOTE Trace files are not bitmap files. Files saved as Trace cannot be imported into

other applications or converted. If you require the use of other applications, for example .gif or .wmf formats using Screen for your file Type.

3. Select the trace you wish to save (1, 2, 3, or all traces). In this example you will save trace 3; press

Source (softkey), Trace 3.

4. Select the format you wish to use for saving the trace, either trace plus state (Trace + State) or comma separated value (CSV). In this example you will save as trace plus state; press

Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel, be sure to save your files as

Format, Trace + State.

50 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

5. Enter a filename by pressing Name. The Alpha Editor appears. For this example you will name the file, “TEST1”. (The numeric keypad is also available for the filename. ) Note that the file extension is alwa ys set by the system and for this file type the extension is TRC. You must now press the

Enter (hardkey) to get back to the Save menu.

NOTE You need to use a filename that does not already exist in the current

directory. The filename is limited to eight characters, alpha (A-Z) or numeric (0-9) in any combination. The analyzer will not allow you to overwrite an existing file. If you select a filename that already exists, the status bar will display the message: File already exists. If you do not choose a filename, the analyzer will automatically generate a name based on the type of file you are saving (Setup: SETUP, State: STATE, Trace: TRACE, Limits: LIMIT, Corrections: COREC, Screen: SCREN). It also gener a tes a three digit integer (starting at 000 and extending through 999, remembering the previously saved value through a power cycl e) which it adds to the name, for example: TRACE056.TRC. Also no t e that this three digit inte g e r i n crements upon each attempted save until a unique filename is created, without regard to the success of the save.

6. The destination for the save d file is shown in the Path: field. In this example, you will select the path as C:\START\. If the correct location is not listed in the Path: field, change directories as follows:

a. Press

Dir Up or Dir Select and use the step keys or knob, to highlight the desired

destination directory.

b. Press Dir Select and confirm your choice displayed in the Path: field.

7. Press

Save Now or Save (hardkey) to save the file to the C:\Start\ location. The

message Saving Now is displayed during this operation. For this example, the status line displays: C:\START\TEST1.TRC file saved.

NOTE When saving to drive (A:), never remove the floppy disk during the save

operation. To do so could corrupt all data on the flopp y disk.

Chapter 4 51

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

Loading a file

1. Reset the analyzer by pressing Preset, Factory Preset (if present).

2. To access the Load menu, press

File, Load.

3. Select the type of f ile you w ant to load (s etup, state, t race , li mits, or correctio ns) . In this example you are loading a trace file; press

Type, Trace.

NOTE Not all file types can be loaded back into the analyzer. For example, Screen

files and CSV (comma separated value) files cannot be loaded. CSV and Screen files are designed for use with a PC.

4. Select the directory where your file is located. In this example, select the C:\START\ directory. (Use the front-panel step keys, knob,

Dir Up, and/or Dir Select keys to locate

the directory.)

5. Select the file you want to load into the analyzer by moving the cursor with the front-panel knob to highlight the file na me. In this exampl e the file is TEST1.TRC. Select the trace into which you wish to load the file. In this example, load it into Trace 2.

Destination, Trace 2).

(

6. Press

Load Now to load the specified file. Your display should look similar to Figure 4-6.

The status bar reads: C:\START\TEST1.TRC file loaded.

Figure 4-5. File Loaded

52 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

NOTE You should notice that the trace you saved, in this example trace 3, is loaded

to trace 2. If you wish to verify this condition, remove the signal input. Press

Input/Output, Input Port, Amptd Ref (Off).

Note that when a trace is loaded, it is placed in view mo de . To see that trac e 2 is in view mode, blank traces 1 and 3 by pressing

Trace 3, Blank. Then press Trace 2. Notice that trace 2 is the only trace

View/Trace, Trace 1, Blank,

displayed in view mode (t h e vie w key is sel ec t e d, and th e tr a ce is no t sweeping). Your display should look similar to Figure 4-7.

Figure 4-6. Verifying Trace 1

CAUTION When operating in dc coupled mode, ensure protection of the input mixer by

limiting th e in put level to 0 V d c and +30 dBm.

NOTE When loading Limits files, be sure you have selected the appropriate X Axis

Units: frequency or time (

Display, Limits, Properties, X Axis Units). If you are in

time X-Axis Units, and you load frequency limits, all current limit line data will be erased and the analyzer will switch to the frequency domain. The reverse of the this situation also holds true.

Chapter 4 53

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

Renaming a File

1. To access the Rename menu, press File, Rename.

2. Select the type of file you want to rename (setup, state, trace, limits, screens, or corrections). In this example you are renaming a trace file; press

3. Select the drive and directory where your file is located. In this example, choose drive C:\START.

4. Select th e fi le you want to rena m e. In th i s example, choos e th e fi l e TEST1.TRC.

Type, Trace.

5. Press

Name to open the Alpha Editor menu. For this example, rename the fil e to RENAME

using the Alpha Editor softkeys. (The Name: field is limited to eight characters.) Your display should look similar to Figure 4-8.

6. Press

Enter, Rename Now: your file is now renamed and visible within the directory

displayed on your analyzer. The status line displays the message: C:\START\TEST1.TRC file renamed to C:\START\RENAME.TRC.

Figure 4-7. Renaming a File

54 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

Copying a File

1. To access the Copy menu, press File, Copy. This menu function brings up 2 directory boxes as described by the From: and To: fields located d irectly abo ve the boxes . Ref er to Figure 4-9.

Figure 4-8. Copy Menu

2. Put a formatted floppy in the A: drive.

3. Select the type of file you want to copy (setup, state, trace, limits, screens, or corrections). In this example you are copying a trace file from the C: drive to the A: drive; press,

4. Press

Dir (in the key menu) to underline From:. Notice the From: field (just above the

Type, Trace.

top directory box) highlights the location from which you will be copying. Using the navigation keys (

Dir Up, Direct select, step keys, or front panel knob), locate the

C:\START\ directory.

5. Scroll to highlight the fi le disp layed i n the dire ctory box from which y ou wish to copy. In this example, you will need to highlight the file RENAME.

6. Press

Dir (in the key menu) to underline To:. The To: field (just above the bottom

directory box) is highlighting the location to which you will be copying. Using the navigation keys as described above, highlight the A:\ drive.

NOTE When pressing Dir (To), the file chosen in the From: location is no longer

highlighted, however the Name: field above the From directory box displays the chosen file; in this example: RENAME.TRC.

Chapter 4 55

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

NOTE Highlighting a filename in the To: directory box has no significance. The fil e

cannot be placed inside another file.

7. Press

Copy Now to execute the operation. The message: “Copying file” is displayed

during the copying process. Upon completion, the status bar reads: “C:\START\RENAME.TRC file copied”. You have now copied the file RENAME from the C: drive to the A: drive.

Deleting a File

1. To access the Delete menu, press File, Delete.

2. Select the type of file you want to delete (setup, state, trace, limits, screens, or corrections). In this example, you are deleting a trace file; press

3. Select the drive and directory where the file you wish to delete is located. In this example, choose C:\START\. Use the navigation ke ys (

Dir Up, Dir Select, step keys, front

panel knob) to highlight this loca tion in t he Path: field. (Refer to “Locating and viewing

files in the catalog” on page 45 for more instructions.)

4. Select the file you want to delete . In this example , ch oose the fil e RENAME.TRC. Move the cursor with the navigation keys to highlight the file name.

5. Press

Delete Now. The messag e : Deleting file pops up on the display during the

operation. Upon completion, the status bar reads: C:\START\RENAME.TRC file deleted. Your file is now deleted and is no longer visible in the directory displayed on

your analyzer.

Type, Trace .

56 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Using the Alpha Editor

The Alpha Editor enables you to select letters to enter a name for a file or directory (File,

Rename, for exampl e) .

1. Use the

More keys to display the softkey that lists the character you want. Each softkey

has several characters on it.

2. When you press a softkey, its characters are displayed on individual softkeys.

3. Select the one you want.

Chapter 4 57

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Using the Alpha Editor

58 Chapter 4

5 Options and Accessories

This chapter lists options and accessories available for your analyzer.

Options and Accessories

Ordering Options and Accessories

Options and accessories hel p you configure the analyzer for your specific applications, and enable you to use the analyzer.

Options (see page 61)

Unless specified otherwise, all options are available when you order a spectrum analyzer; some options are also available as kits that you can order and install after you receive the analyzer. Order kits through your local Agilent Sales and Service Office.

For the latest information on Agilent Spectrum Analyzer options and upgrad e kit s, visit the following In ternet URL:

http://www.agilent.com/find/sa_upgrades

Accessories (see page 66)

Order accessories through your local Agilent Sales and Servi ce Office.

60 Chapter 5

Options

Options and Accessories

Options

Option

Number

0B0

0B1

0BW

1CM

1CN Front Handle Kit Available as P/N 5063-9228.

1CP

1CR

Manual Set on CD-ROM

Only

Additional Manual Set An additional set of the standard documentation shipped with

Service Documentat ion The Service guide describes as sembly-level troubleshooting

Rack Mount Kit Includes rack mount flanges and hardware. Used to rack mount

Rack Mount Kit with Handles

Rack Slide Kit Availabl e as P/N E4406-60115. Rack slid es al lo w the ana ly zer to

Name Description

The documentation CD-ROM contains the standard documentation set as well as Ado be Acroba t Re ade r with S earc h .

the analyzer. See “Initial Inspection” on page 7 for information about the standard documentat i on set.

procedures, provides a parts list, and documents post-repair procedures.

analyzers without front handles (available as P/N 5063-9215).

Includes the parts necessary to rack mount an analyzer with front handles attached (available as P/N 5063-9222). (Includes handles.)

be pulled out while the analyzer is secured to the rack.

1DS

122 80 MHz Bandwidth

123

Preamplifier An internal preamplifier assembly.

Digitizer

Switchable Microwave Preselector Bypass

Frequency Range: 100 kHz to 3 GHz

Adds an alternative 80 MHz wide IF path for making measurements. Additional measurement accuracy can be achieved using the External Calibration Wizard Option 235, or with the 89600 Vector Signal Analyzer Application calibration. The 80 MHz functionality is available as part of the added Basic Mode. Basic Mode includs the measurements:

spectrum (frequency domain) waveform (time domain)

Allows you to bypass the tuned filter at the input of the spectrum analyzer when making measure men ts in the 3 - 26.5 GHz range. This improves th e sensitivity and increases the available measurement dynamic range. However it allows the analyzers internal mixing products and image response signals to be visible on the display, in addition to the actual des ired signal response.

Chapter 5 61

Options and Accessories

Options

Option

Number

124

Y-axis Video Output Provides a 0 to 1 V signal that corresponds to the bottom and top

Name Description

202 GSM with EDGE

Measurement Personality

204 1xEV-DO Measurement

Personality

of the display graticule, respectively. The output voltage t r acks the Y-axis position of the trace data while the analyzer is sweeping. (This output is similar to the 8566B Video Out.)

General transmitter measurement:

transmit power

Provides GSM (GMSK modulation) transmitter measurements:

power vs. time phase and frequency error output RF spectrum transmit band spurs

Provides EDGE (8PSK modulation) transmitter measurements:

EVM power vs. time output RF spectrum transmit band spurs

Requires Option B7J hardware.

Provides 1xEV transmitter measurements:

channel power ACPR intermodulation spectrum emission mask occupied BW code domain power (pilot) EVM (pilot) QPSK EVM power statistics CCDF

Requires Option B7J hardware.

210 HSDPA Measurement

Personality

Provides High-Speed Downlink Packet Access to support 16 QAM and modulation accuracy. Requires Option BAF.

Requires Option B7J harware.

211 TD-SCDMA Measurement

Personality

Measures the power profile of TD SCDMA BTS and MS. Requires Option B7J hardware.

214 1xEV-DV Supports 8 PSK and 16 QAM modulation analysis. Requires

Option B78. Includes measurements:

Composite Rho Code Domain tests

Requires Option B7J hardware.

219 Noise Figure Measurement

Personality

Provides noise figure measuremen ts:

Limit lines Loss compensation Extended frequency (measures up/down converters)

You need the preamp Option 1DS to have specified performance below 3 GHz.

62 Chapter 5

Options and Accessories

Options

Option

Number

226 Phase Noise Measurement

Personality

233 License for N5531A

Measuring Receiver Software

235 80 M H z Digitizer External

Calibration Wizard and License

241 Flexible Digital Modulation

Analysis

Name Description

Provides phase noi se me asur e me nt s:

Monitor spectrum Spot frequency Log plot

This option allows you to license your PSA to use the N5531A Measuring Receiver Software. The software networks a power meter with the PSA. The resulting system can be used as a substitute for the HP 8902A measuring receiver.

This calibration software runs on an external PC to generate a file of correction factors for PSAs with option 122. You get improved measurement accuracy using this correction file.

Provides fl exible demodulating analysis for measuring many different formats of digital modulation, including:

MSK type 1 and type 2 EDGE QPSK and offset QPSK 8PSK BPSK DQPSK and Pi/4 DQPSK D8PSK QAM 16, 32, 64 , 128, 256 FSK 2, 4, 8 states

266 Programming Code

Compatibility Suite

ANE

A YZ External Mixing Provides the abil ity to use the HP/A gilent 11970 S eries harmoni c

Enhanced Memory Upgrade Replaces existing pc board providing additional memory for

Lets you select one of three different modes that let you use a limited set of 8566 Series, 8566B/8568B or 8590 Series programming commands. These modes let you control the PSA Series analyzers with code from other spectrum analyzer families. When these modes are enabled, the instruments native SCPI commands are disabled if the remote language selected is not SCPI.

storing optional measurement personalities.

mixers, and HP/Ag ilent 11974 p res elect ed har monic mixe rs w ith the Agilent E4440A, E4446A, or E4448A analyzer to extend the frequency range to 110 GHz. Operation to 325 GHz is also possible with non-HP/Agilent mixers.

Chapter 5 63

Options and Accessories

Options

Option

Number

B78 cdma2000 Measurement

Personality

Name Description

Provides cdma2000 transmitter measurements:

channel power ACPR intermodulation spectrum emission mask occupied BW code domain power modulation accuracy (compo s it e rho) QPSK EVM power statistics CCDF

Requires Option B7J hardware.

B7J Digital Demod Hardware Adds 1 dB step, electronic attenuator in addition to the existing

manual attenuator. This is required for the personality options: BAC, BAE, BAF, B78, 202, 204. This option also adds the functionality of Basic Mode, including the measurements:

spectrum (frequency domain) waveform (time domain)

BAB

APC 3.5 Input Connector Replaces the standard type-N female connector with an APC

3.5-mm male connector.

BAC cdmaOne Measurement

Personality

Provides IS-95 and J-STD-008 transmitter measurements:

channel power modulatio n a ccuracy (rho) code domain power ACPR spur close

Requires Option B7J hardware.

BAE NADC/PDC Measurement

Personality

Provides NADC transmitter measurements:

ACP EVM (error vector magnitude)

Provides PDC tra nsmitter measurement s :

ACP EVM (error vector magnitude) occupied BW

Requires Option B7J hardware.

BAF W-CDMA Measurement

Personality

Provides 3GPP W-CDMA transmitter measurements:

channel power ACPR (ACLR) intermodulation multi carrier power spectrum emission mask occupied BW code domain power modulation a c curacy (compos it e E VM) QPSK EVM power statistics CCDF

Requires Option B7J hareware.

64 Chapter 5

Options and Accessories

Options

Option

Number

UK6

Commercial Calibrat io n with Test Data

Name Description

W30 3-Year Warranty Service

Support

W50 5-Year Warranty Service

Support

a. Available only at time of purchase

Provides the factory calibration test data and the standard commercial calibration certificate at initial shipment.

A total of 3 years of w arranty service support. This adds a 2 -year service contract to the base analyzer 1-year warranty

A total of 5 years of w arranty service support. This adds a 4 -year service contract to the base analyzer 1-year warranty

Chapter 5 65

Options and Accessories

Accessories

A number of accessories are available from Agilent Technologies to help you configure your analyzer for your specific applications. They can be ordered through your local Agilent Sales and Service Office and are listed below.

50 Ohm/75 Ohm Minimum Loss Pad

The HP/Agilent 11852B is a low VSWR minimum loss pad that allows you to make measurements on 75 Ohm devices using an analyzer with a 50 Ohm input. It is effective over a frequency range of dc to 2 GHz.

75 Ohm Matching Transformer

The HP/Agilent 11694A allows you to make measurements in 75 Ohm systems using an analyzer with a 50 Ohm input. It is effective over a frequency range of 3 to 500 MHz.

AC Probe

The Agilent 85024A high frequency probe performs in-circuit measurements without adversely loading the circuit under test. The probe has an input capacitance of 0.7 pF shunted by 1 MOhm of resistance and operates over a frequency range of 300 kHz to 3 GHz. High probe sensitivity and low distortion levels allow measurements to be made while taking advantage of the full dynamic range of the spectrum analyzer.

AC Probe (Low Frequency)

The Agilent 41800A low frequency probe has a low input capacitance and a frequency range of 5 Hz to 500 MHz.

Broadband Preamplifiers and Power Amplifiers

Preamplifiers and power amplifiers can be used with your s pectrum analyzer to enhance measurements of very low-level signals.

• The Agilent 8447D preamplifier provides a minimum of 25 dB gain from 100 kHz to

1.3 GHz. The Agilent 87405A preamplifier provides a minimum of 22 dB gain from 10 MHz to

3 GHz. (Power is supplied by the probe power output of the analyzer.) The Agilent 83006A preamplifier provides a minimum of 26 dB gain from 10 MHz to

26.5 GHz.

• The Agilent 85905A CATV 75 ohm preamplifier provides a minimum of 18 dB gain from 45 MHz to 1 GHz. (Power is supplied by the probe power output of the analyzer.)

• The 11909A low noise preamplifier provides a minimum of 32 dB gain from 9 kHz to 1 GHz and a typical noise figure of 1.8 dB.

66 Chapter 5

Options and Accessories

Accessories

GPIB Cable

For use with Option A4H. The Agilent 10833 Series GPIB cables interconnect GPIB devices and are available in four different lengths (0.5 to 4 meters). GPIB cables are used to connect controllers to a spectrum analyzer.

USB/GPIB Cable

For use with Option A4H. The Agilent 82357A USB/GPIB interface provides a direct connection from the USB port on your laptop or desktop PC to GPIB instrument s . It comes with the SIC L an d VISA software for Win dows® 98 (SE)/Me/ 2 00 0/XP. Usi n g VISA software, your exis ting GPIB progr ams wo rk immediately, without modification. The 82357A is a standard Plug and Play device and you can interface with up to 14 GPIB instruments.

HP/Agilent 11970 Series Harmonic Mixers

The 11970 Series harmonic mixers are available to extend the frequency range of analyzers with Option AYZ (external mixing) up to 110 GHz. The following six models are available:

Table 5-1.

HP/Agilent Model Number

11970K 18.0 to 26.5 GHz 11970A 26.5 to 40.0 GHz 11970Q 33.0 to 50.0 GHz 11970U 40.0 to 60.0 GHz 11970V 50.0 to 75.0 GHz 11970W 75.0 to 110 GHz

Frequency Range

Chapter 5 67

Options and Accessories

Accessories

HP/Agilent 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers

11974 Series preselected millimeter mixers are available to extend the frequency range of analyzers with Option AYZ (external mixing) up to 75 GHz. Preselection red uces mixer overload from broadband signals, red u ces radiation of local oscillator harmonics back to the device under test, and reduces the lev el of image and multiple responses displayed. The following four models are available:

Table 5-2.

HP/Agilent Model Number

11974A 26.5 to 40.0 GHz 11974Q 33.0 to 50.0 GHz 11974U 40.0 to 60.0 GHz 11974V 50.0 to 75.0 GHz

Frequency Range

RF and Transient Limiters

The Agilent 11867A and 11693A RF Limiters protect the analyzer input circuits from damage due to high power levels. The 11867A operates over a frequency range of dc to 1800 MHz and begins reflecting signal levels over 1 mW up to 10 W average power and 100 watts peak power. The 11693A microwa ve limiter (0.1 to 12.4 GHz, usable to 18 GHz) guards against input signals over 1 milliwatt up to 1 watt average power and 10 watts peak power.

The Agilent 11947A Transient Limiter protects the analy z er input circuits from damage due to signal transients. It specifically is needed for use with a line impedance stabilization network (LISN). It opera tes over a frequency range of 9 kHz to 200 MHz, with 10 dB of insertion loss.

Static Safe Accessories

9300-0797 3M static control mat 0.6 m × 1.2 m (2 ft. × 4 ft.) with a 4 .6 cm (15 ft.)

ground wire. Does not include wrist strap or cord

9300-1367 Wrist-strap, color black, s tainless steel. F our adjustable links and a 7 mm

post-type connection. 9300-0980 Wrist-strap cord 1.5 m (5 ft.) 9300-1308 ESD heel-strap (reusable 6 to 12 months)

68 Chapter 5

6 In Case of Difficulty

This chapter includes information on how to chec k for a problem with your Agilent Technologies spectrum analyzer, and how to return it for service.

If you experience a problem or would like additional information about your analyzer, Agilent Technologies’ worldwide organization is ready to provide the support you need.

In Case of Difficulty

Before calling Agilent Technologies , however (or returning an analyzer for service), perform the quick c hecks li sted in “Check the Basics” o n page 72. This check may eliminate the problem.

If a problem persists, you may choose to:

• Repair the an alyzer yourse l f. See “Service Options” on page 74.

• Return the analyzer to Agilent Technologies for repair. See “Returning an Analyzer for

Service” on page 76, for more information.

WARNING No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified

personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.

NOTE If the analyzer is still under warranty or is covered by a maintenance

contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or plan (the warranty is located at the front of this manual).

If the analyzer is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agilent Technologies maintenance plan, Agilent Technologies will notify you of the cost of the repair after examining the analyzer.

70 Chapter 6

In Case of Difficulty

Types of Spectrum Analyzer Messages

Types of Spectrum Analyzer Mes sages

The analyzer can generate various messages that appear on the display during operation. For a complete list of spectrum analyzer messages, see the Instrument Messages and

Functional Tests manual. The following table describes the four types of spectrum analyzer messages.

Table 6-1 Types of Messages

Type of Message Location Notes

Informational messages typically provide verification that an action has occurred. In general, no user intervention is required.

Pop-up messages prompt you to verify that an action will be performed or tell you that an action is currently being performed.

Status messages indicate a condition that may result in erroneous data being displayed. Multiple status messages may be displayed at the same time.

User Error messages appear when an attempt has been made to set a parameter incorrectly or an operation has failed (such as saving a file).

Bottom of the display in the status line (in green on analyzers with a color display).

Middle of the display in a framed box.

Right side of the display and/or in the SCPI Status Register system.

Bottom of the display in the status line (in yellow on analyzers with a color display) and in the SCPI Error Queue.

Messages will remain until the message is cleared by pressing

Esc or Preset, or is overwritten

by another message.

Message remains until you acknowledge the pro mpt, o r t he action is completed.

Most messages remain only until the erroneous condition is corrected.

Messages remain until you clear the error (press

Show Errors, Clear Error Queue

or another message is displayed in the status line.

Pressing the will clear error messages from the display, but the messages will remain in the error queue.

Esc or Preset keys

System,

Chapter 6 71

In Case of Difficulty

Before Calling Agilent Technologies

Check the Basics

❏ Is there power at the receptacle? ❏ Make sure there is no disk in the front-panel disk drive. ❏ Is the analyzer turned on? Check to see if the green LED above the power switch is on.

Also, listen for internal fan noise to determine if the analyzer cooling fans are running.

❏ If other equipment, cables , and conne cto rs are being used wit h your sp ectrum analyzer,

make sure they are connected properly and operating correctly.

❏ Review the measurement proc edures being per formed when the problem fir st appeared.

Are all of the settings correct?

❏ If the analyzer is not functioning as expected, return the analyzer to a known state by

pressing

Preset, and Factory Preset (if displayed) .

NOTE Some analyzer settings are not affected by a Preset. If you wish to reset the

analyzer configuration to the state it was in when it was originally sent from the factory, press

System, P ower On/Pre set, Preset T ype, Factory. Then press the

green Preset key on the front panel.

❏ Is the measurement being performed, and the results that are expected, within the

specifications and capabil ities of the analyzer ? Refer t o the Specificat ions guide f or your analyzer.

❏ If the analyzer is not communicating via the LAN connection, check for the presence of

blinking yellow LEDs on the rear panel LAN connector. If the Rx (receive) LED is not blinking, check the LAN cable and LAN integrity.

NOTE The analyzer must be powered on with t he LAN already c onnected in o rder to

recognize the LAN port.

❏ To meet specifications , the analyzer mus t be aligned. Either the Auto Align (On) feature

must be selected (p re ss

System, Alignments, Auto Align, On), or the analyzer must be

manually aligned at least once every 24 hours, or whenever the tempe rature changes more than 3°C. When

Auto Align, On is selected, the AA screen annotation appears on

the left edge of the display.

72 Chapter 6

Before Calling Agilent Technologies

❏ Perform an Alignment. Press System, Alignments, Align Now, All.

In Case of Difficulty

❏ If the previously performed alignments did not resolve the problem, press

Alignments, Restore Align Defaults. Then press System, Alignments, Align All Now.

System,

❏ Is the analyzer displaying an error message? If so, refer to the Instrument Messages

and Functional Tests manual.

❏ If the necessary equipment is available, perform the functional tests in the Instrument

Messages and Functional Tests document for your analyzer.

❏ If the 10 MHz output is not functioning, verify that it is turned on by pressing

Reference, 10 MHz to select On.

System,

TIP You can get automatic electronic notification of new firmware releases and

other product updates/information by subscribing to the Agilent Technologies T e st & Meas urement E- Mail No tifi cation Service for t he PSA or ESA Serie s at http://wwwdb.tm.agilent.com/cgi-bin/notification/user.pl

Chapter 6 73

In Case of Difficulty

Before Calling Agilent Technologies

Read the Warranty

The warranty for your analyzer is in the front of your Specifications Guide. Please read it and become familiar with its terms.

If your analyzer is covered by a separate maintenance agreement, please be famil iar with its terms.

Service Options

Agilent Technologies offers several optional maintenance plans to service your analyzer after the warranty has expired. Call your Agilent Technologies office for full details.

If you want to service the analyzer your self after the warranty expi res, you can purchase the service documentation that provide s all necessary test and maintenance information.

You can order the service documentation, Option 0BW (assembly level troubleshootin g and adjustment software) through your Agilent Technologies office.

Calling Agilent Technologies

Agilent Technologies has offices around the world to provide you with complete support for your analy z er. To obtain servic i n g in f ormation or to order replac e m e n t parts, contact th e nearest Agilent Technologies office lis ted in Table 6-2. on page 75. In any correspondence or telephone conversations, refer to your analyzer by its product number, full serial number, and firmware revision.

Press firmware revision information will be displayed on your analyzer screen. A serial number label is also attached to the rear panel of the analyz er.

System, More (1 of 3), Show System, and the product number, serial number, and

74 Chapter 6

Table 6-2. Contacting Agilent Technologies

Online assistance: www.agilent.com/find/assist

In Case of Difficulty

Before Calling Agilent Technologies

United States

(tel) 1 800 452 4844

Canada

(tel) 1 877 894 4414 (fax) (905) 282-6495

Europe

(tel) (31 20) 547 2323 (fax) (31 20) 547 2390

Latin America

(tel) (305) 269 7500 (fax) (305) 269 7599

Japan

(tel) (81) 426 56 7832 (fax) (81) 426 56 7840

Australia

(tel) 1 800 629 485 (fax) (61 3) 9210 5947

New Zealand

(tel) 0 800 738 378 (fax) 64 4 495 8950

Asia Pacific

(tel) (852) 3197 7777 (fax) (852) 2506 9284

Chapter 6 75

In Case of Difficulty

Returning an Analyzer for Service

Service Tag

When you are returning an analyzer to Agilent Technologies for service, fill out and attach one of the blue service tags provided at the end of this chapter. Please be as specific as possible about the problem. If you have recorded any error messages that appeared on the display, have completed a functional test, or have any other specific data on the performance of your analyzer, please include a copy of this information.

Original Packaging

Before shipping, pack the unit in the original factory packaging materials if they are available. If the ori ginal materials were not retained, see "Other Packaging" (below).

NOTE Install the transportation disk into the floppy dr ive to reduce the possibility

of damage during transportation. If the original transportation disk is not available, a blank floppy may be substituted.

Other Packa ging

CAUTION Analyzer damage can result f rom using pac kaging mate rials other than thos e

specified. Never use styrene pellets in any shape as packaging materials. They do not adequately cushion the equipment or prevent it fr om sh ifting in the carton. They cause equipment d amage by generating static elect ricity and by lodging in the analyzer louvers, blocking airflow.

You can repackage the analyzer with commercially available materials, as follows:

1. Attach a co mpleted ser vice tag to the a n al y z e r.

2. Install the transportation disk or a blank floppy disk into the disk drive.

3. Wrap the analyzer in antistatic plastic to reduce the possibility of damage caused by

electrostatic discharge.

4. Use a strong shipping container. The carton must be both large enough and strong

enough to accommodate the analyzer. A double-walled, corrugated cardboard carton with 159 kg (350 lb) bursting strength is adequate. Allow at least 3 to 4 inches on all sides of the analyzer for packing material.

76 Chapter 6

In Case of Difficulty

Returning an Analyzer for Service

5. Surround the equipment with three to four inches of packing material and prevent the equipment from moving in the carton. If packing foam is not available, the best alternative is S.D.-240 Air Cap™ from Sealed Air Corporation (Hayward, California,

94545). Air Cap looks like a plastic sheet filled with 1-1/4 inch air bubbles. Use the pink-colored Air Cap to reduce st atic el ectric ity. Wrapping the equipment sever al times in this material should both protect the equipme nt and prevent it from moving in the carton.

6. Seal the shipping container securely with strong nylon adhesive tape.

7. Mark the shipping container “FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE” to assure careful handling.

8. Retain copies of all shipping papers.

Chapter 6 77

In Case of Difficulty

Returning an Analyzer for Service

78 Chapter 6

Index

Numerics

10 MHz reference, turning on, 37 50 ohm/75 ohm minimum loss

75 ohm matching transformer

AC probe Accessories accessories

active function address, IP Agilent Technologi es, calling alignments, internal alpha editor, using amplifiers annotations, display application information arrow keys, using

battery information broadband preamplifiers

cable Catalog Menu

catalogs

clock, battery connectivity

connectors, front panel copy files, 55

data, entering from front panel DC probes delete files

, 66

pad

, 66

50 ohm/75 ohm minimum loss 75 ohm matching transformer AC probe

broadband preamplifiers GPIB cable, 67 harmonic mixers preselected millimeter mixers

RF limiters transient limite rs

pad

, 66

, 67

, 68

, 29

, 14

, 74

, 16

, 57

, 66

, 24

, 2

, 35

, 12

, 66

GPIB

, 67

, 46

definition naming

, 44

, 57

, 12

, 7

tools

, 22

, 66

use of

, 56

Dir Select key Dir Up key directories, definition directory

creating display annotations display, information screen documentation

additional set

CD-ROM

CD-ROM only

service

standard set

electrostatic discharge (ESD)

protecting against Enter key, using ESD safety accessories examples

frequency accuracy

signals, viewing external reference (10 MHz),

turning on

factory preset, description file copying file deleting file formats file menu functions

, 55

copy

delete

rename

, 48, 50, 52

save file renaming file saving, 48, 50, 52 files

naming firmware upgrade information, 2 frequenc y accuracy, increas ing frequency count, using front panel

connectors and keys

display annotations

entering data, 35

symbols

GPIB cable

information screen information, additional internal alignments IntuiLink software, 7

, 47

, 61

, 7

, 61

, 7

, 35

, 37

, 55

, 56

, 45, 48, 50

, 56

, 54

, 57

, 31

, 67

, 37

, 45

, 13

, 44

, 24

, 19

, 41

, 24

, 16

, 68

, 41

, 22

, 2

, 13

, 36

, 41

, 22

reading

, 39

, 46

, 30

memory

, 76

, 14

, 29

, 35

, 14

, 68

, 61

, 7

, 39

, 41

, 29

, 14

, 67

, 68

, 7

, 35

, 14

, 7

IP address

key overview keypad, using keys knob, using

LAN, setting IP address limiters

RF and transient

manuals, ordering manuals, standard set marker

frequency and amplitude, moving

to peak to reference level with knob or arrow key

turning off

marker annotation

change with frequency count

location menu keys missing options mixers

External Mixing (Option AYZ)

harmonic

preselected millimeter moving

data from analyzer

data to PC

navigating

catalogs

files

tables Navigation keys, 46, 47 numeric key pa d, usin g

options not in instrument overview, keys and key menus

packaging parallel interface co nne cto r, 28 PC connectivit y

, 41

, 29

Index-79

Index

personalit y opt io n s not in

instrument power amplifiers preamplifiers preset

factory

, 36

types

user , creating printer setup probes

AC and DC product information

rear panel

symbols, 31 rear panel features, 27 reference level, setti ng reference, turning on 10 MHz rename files, 54 RF limiters RPG, using RS-232 interface connector

save files saving

bitmaps

trace files screen annotation screen, informatio n service optio ns signals, increasing accuracy signals, viewing softkeys, auto and man mode softkeys, basic types software

IntuiLink static safety accessories symbols in titles, 57 symbols, on front and rear p anels

, 14

, 66

, 36

, 17

, 66

, 2

, 39

, 37

, 68

, 35

, 28

, 48, 50, 52

, 45, 48, 50

, 24

, 13

, 74

, 41

, 37

, 35

, 7

, 68

URL, sales and service user preset

creating description disabling

warm-up time warranty

, 74

, 75

, 36

, 14

tab key table

text, entering, 57 titles, editing transient limiter turning on the analyzer for the

unit softkeys, using URL, PSA analyzers, 2

Index-80

, 30

navigation

first time

, 30

, 57

, 68

, 13

, 35

HP (Hewlett-Packard) E4446A, E4443A, E4440A, E4448A, E4445A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Getting Started Guide

1 Installation and Setup

Initial Inspection

Power Requirements

Battery Information

Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time

Firmware Revision

Running Internal Alignments

Printer Setup and Operation

Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge

Safety Information

2 Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

Rear-Panel Features

Key Overview

Front and Rear Panel Symbols

3 Making a Basic Measurement

Using the Front Panel

Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer

Viewing a Signal

4 Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions

Saving a File

Using the Alpha Editor

5 Options and Accessories

Ordering Options and Accessories

Options

6 In Case of Difficulty

Types of Spectrum Analyzer Messages

Before Calling Agilent Technologies

Returning an Analyzer for Service

Index