HP A7818-IE002 User Manual

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Page 1

Technical Reference And

Troubleshooting Guide

HP Workstation x2100

Manufacturing Part Number : A7818-IE002

Edition E0502

Page 2

Legal Notices

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packardmakes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including,

but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and ﬁtness for a particular purpose.

Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Hewlett-Packard assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability of its software on equipment that is not furnished by Hewlett-Packard.

This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without the prior written consent of Hewlett-Packard.

Adaptec® is a registered trademark of Adaptec, Inc. Adobe and Acrobat are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. nVIDIA™, GeForce2 GTS™, Quadro2 PRO™, Quadro2 EX™and Quadro2 MXR™ are registered trademarks or trademarks of nVIDIA Corporation.

FireGL™ is a registered trademark of ATI Corporation. Matrox® is a registered trademark of Matrox Electronic Systems Ltd.

Microsoft®, Windows®, MS-DOS® and Windows NT® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation. Pentium® and AGPset™ are trademarks of Intel Corporation. WOL™ (Wake on LAN) is a trademark of IBM. Rambus, RDRAM, Direct Rambus, Direct RDRAM and RIMM are trademarks of Rambus, Inc.

HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY 3000 Hanover Street Palo Alto, California 94304 U.S.A.

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Second Edition: May 2002 Printing Division:

Hewlett-Packard Co. Technical Computer Division 3404 E. Harmony Rd. Fort Collins, CO 80525

Printed in the U.S.A.

Page 3

Contents

1. System Overview

Workstation Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Internal And External Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Internal Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Speciﬁcations And Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Physical Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Electrical Speciﬁcations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Power Consumption And Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Environmental Speciﬁcations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Power Saving And Ergonometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Power Saving And Ergonometry For APM Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Power Saving Modes And Resume Events For ACPI Systems . . . . . .23

Soft Power Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Access HP World Wide Web Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Where To Find The Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

2. System Board

System Board Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Architectural View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Accessory Board Slots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Accelerated Graphics Port Slot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Peripheral Component Interconnect Slots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

System Board Switches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

System Chipset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Memory Controller Hub (82850). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

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Contents

MCH Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) Bus Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Hub Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

RDRAM Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

RDRAM Thermal Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Dual Rambus Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

RIMM Memory Slots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Input/output Controller Hub 2 (82801BA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

ICH2 Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Crystal CS4299 Integrated PCI Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Devices On The SMBus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Devices On The LPC Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

The Super I/O Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

FirmWare Hub (82802AB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

System Bus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Intel Pentium IV Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Cache Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Assigned Device Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

I/o Controller Hub Interrupts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

PCI 64-bit Hub Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Interrupt Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

PCI IRQ Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

3. System BIOS

Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Using The HP Setup program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Main Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Advanced Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Processors, Memory And Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Floppy Disk Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

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Contents

IDE Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

IDE Primary Master Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

Integrated USB Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Integrated I/O Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Integrated Audio Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

AGP Conﬁguration (Video) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

PCI Device, Slot #1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Integrated LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

Security Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

Hardware Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

Boot Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

Power Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

Updating The System BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Restoring BIOS Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

If You Forget The Administrator Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Clearing The CMOS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

Recovering The BIOS (Crisis Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

BIOS Addresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

System Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

HP I/O Port Map (I/O Addresses Used By The System, if conﬁgured)73

DMA Channel Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

4. Tests And Error Messages

MaxiLife Test Sequence And Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Basic Pre-boot Diagnostics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Pre-boot Diagnostics Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

POST Sequence And POST Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

Operating System Boot Phase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

Run-time Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

Main Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

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Contents

system info. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Boot Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Boot Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Order In Which POSTs Occur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Error Message Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

5. Hardware Components

Graphics Cards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Selecting A Monitor For Your Workstation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

PCI Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

HP 10/100 TX PCI LAN Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

HP 10/100 TX PCI LAN Interface Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

HP 10/100 TX PCI LAN Interface LED Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . 101

SCSI Adapter Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Mass Storage Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Flexible Disk Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Hard Disk Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Optical Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Connectors And Sockets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

IDE Drive Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Battery Pinouts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Additional SCSI LED Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Power Supply Connector (20-pin) And Aux Power Connector . . . . . 110

Wake On LAN Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Rear Fan Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

PCI Fan Connector (MTonly). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

internal audio connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Status Panel And Intrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Hard Disk Drive Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

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Contents

VGA DB15 Connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111

LCD Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112

Rear Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

Keyboard And Mouse Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

USB Stacked Connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114

Serial Port Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114

25-pin Parallel Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115

MIDI/Joystick Connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116

External Audio Jacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116

6. Installing Or Replacing Parts And Accessories

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118

Removing And Replacing The Cover And Front Bezel . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

Removing The Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

Removing The Front Bezel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120

Replacing The Cover And Front Bezel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120

Removing, Replacing And Upgrading Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

Removing And Replacing A Memory Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

Installing Or Replacing An Accessory Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

Mass Storage And Optical Device Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Identifying Cables And Connectors (All Models) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Installing IDE Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Installing SCSI Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127

Setting SCSI IDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Verifying Your SCSI Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131

additional guide rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131

Removing And Replacing A Hard Disk Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

Removing The Old Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

Installing The New Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

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Installing A Second Hard Disk Drive In An Internal Shelf. . . . . . . . . 135

Installing A Device In A Front Access Bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Completing Mass Storage Device Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

IDE Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

SCSI Drive On SCSI Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Replacing The CD-ROM Drive (or DVD-drive). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Removing The Old Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

iNstalling The New Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Replacing The Floppy Disk Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Removing The Floppy Disk Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Installing The Floppy Disk Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Replacing The Power Supply Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Removing The Power Supply Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Installing The Power Supply Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Replacing The Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Removing The Existing Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Installing The New Processor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Replacing The System Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Removing The System Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

installing the new system board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Setting System Board Switches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Replacing The System Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Removing The Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Replacing The Rear Fan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Replacing The Fan And Speaker Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Removing The Fan And Speaker Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Replacing The Fan And Speaker Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Replacing The Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

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System Board Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152

7. Troubleshooting Your Workstation

Case 1: No Activity At All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156

Case 2: Monitor Is Blank, MaxiLife Is OK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158

Case 3: Boot Fails, Monitor Is Blank,

MaxiLife Displays Error Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160

Pre-boot Diagnostics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160

Pre-boot Test Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

Post Test Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162

Case 4: Boot Process Fails, Error Message Appears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164

Error Message Utility (EMU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164

Case 5: Screen Goes Blank Or Corrupt Image. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166

Use Or Conﬁguration Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167

CMOS Test Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168

Keyboard Test Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168

Floppy Disk Drive Test Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169

hard disk, DVD, CD-RW or CD-ROM test error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169

Serial Or Parallel Port Test Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171

Error Message Appears On The MaxiLife LCD During Runtime. . .171

You Cannot Turn Off Your Workstation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172

You Have Forgotten Your Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173

Your Workstation Has A Software Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174

Workstation Clock Does Not Keep Time Correctly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174

You Have Problems Using The Euro Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175

Troubleshooting BIOS Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176

Updating The BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176

Restoring BIOS Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176

Clearing The CMOS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176

Page 10

Contents

Recovering The BIOS (crisis mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

System Board Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Using The HP Setup Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

First, Turn On Or Restart Your Workstation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

To Go To The Setup Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

More Troubleshooting For Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

If The Hard Disk Has A Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

CD-ROM, DVD or CD-RW Drive Does Not Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

CD-ROM, DVD or CD-RW Drive Is Idle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

DVD drive doesn’t play DVD video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

CD-ROM, DVD or CD-RW Door Does Not Open. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

HP e-DiagTools Hardware Diagnostics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Overview Of e-DiagTools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

running e-DiagTools from the utility partition on your hard disk. . 182

Running e-DiagTools From A CD-ROM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

HP e-DiagTools Hardware Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

for more information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Recovering Hard Disk Drive Contents (Windows only). . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

General Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Recovery Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Recovering Preloaded Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Changing The Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Other Sources Of Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Online Support For Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Documentation Set Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Hewlett-Packard Support And Information Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

collecting information before contacting hp support. . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Page 11

Contents

A. x2100 Service Information

Parts and Part Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Page 12

Contents

Page 13

1 System Overview

This chapter provides detailed system speciﬁcations for the HP Workstation x2100:

• Introduces the system’s internal and external features

• Lists the system’s speciﬁcations and characteristic data

• Provides a summary of the available documentation

Chapter 1

Page 14

System Overview

Workstation Description

The HP Workstation x2100 is based on the ATX form factor.Thefollowing table provides an overview of the system.

System Board Dimensions: 12 in. X 9.6 in. in an Extended-ATX (E-ATX) package Processor Intel Pentium 4 processor

Feature Description

Socket 423

Cache Memory (integratedin processor package)

Internal Processor Clock Speed

Chipset Intel I850 chipset, including Memory Controller Hub (MCH) Host Bridge,

Super I/O Chip NS 87364 Basic I/O System

(BIOS)

• Level 1: 16KB code, 16KB data

• Level 2: 256KB

1.7GHz, 1.9GHz, 2.2 GHz and higher speeds with a quad-pumped 100MHz Front Side Bus

Input/Output Controller Hub (ICH) for I/O subsystem

Based on Phoenix core, including:

• 4 megabits of ﬂash memory

• Support for PCI 2.2 speciﬁcation

• Support for RIMM memory modules

Firmware - BIOS Flash EEPROM: Intel’s ﬁrmware hub concept HP MaxiLife Utility Hardware-monitoring utility that monitors system components via the

SMBus and an LCD status panel

Operating System All models come preloaded with a Windows OS. Main Memory Two pairs of RIMM sockets, supporting two or four PC800 RDRAM

memory modules Each pair of memory sockets must contain identical memory modules

(identical in size, speed, and type). That is, sockets A1 and B1 must contain identical modules, and sockets A2 and B2 must contain identical modules (or continuity modules).

If only twoRDRAM modules are installed, use the socketsmarked A1 and B1. The other two sockets (A2 and B2) must contain continuity modules.

Models are supplied with non-ECC RDRAM modules. Both ECC and non-ECC modules are available. The HP PC Accessories Web site, at

www.hp.com/desktops/products/accessories, lists up-to-date memory

upgrades.

Chapter 1

Page 15

System Overview

Workstation Description

Feature Description

Mass Storage Seven shelves, supporting:

• Two front-access, third-height 3 1/2-inch drives (one for the ﬂoppy

disk drive and one free) (1-inch height)

• Three front-access, half-height, 5 1/4-inch drives (1-inch height); you

can use an adapter tray (available as an accessory) to install two 3 1/2-inch hard disk drives in one of the 5 1/4-inch shelves.

• Two internal 3 1/2-inch hard disk drives (1-inch height)

SCSI Controller Adaptec Ultra 160 SCSI PCI card (optional). IDE Controller All models include an integrated Ultra ATA-100 controller that supports

as many as four IDE devices.

Graphics Controllers

• nVIDIA Quadro2 MXR with TwinView or nVIDIA Quadro Pro

nVIDIA Quadro2 Ex ATI FireGL 8800

• Matrox Millennium G450-DualmonitorAGP graphics controller with

16MB SGRAM graphics memory (maximum conﬁguration)

• ATI FireGL2 or GL4 3D Graphics Card

Accessory Card Slots One AGP Pro Universal 4X 32-bit slot supporting:

• 1.5V AGP cards (£25W)

• 1.5V AGP Pro Cards (£50W)

The system doesn’t support high-power (i.e., greater than 50W) AGP Pro and 3.3V AGP cards.

Five 32-bit 33MHz Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) slots, supporting all bridges and multifunction PCI devices. All ﬁve PCI slots comply with PCI Speciﬁcation 2.2.

• PCI slot 5 contains a LAN interface board.

• PCI slot 4 is for a SCSI interface board (some models only).

LAN Card Lan is now integrated onto the system board. All x2100 models come with

an HP 10/100BT PCI Ethernet Adapter LAN card supporting Wake-On LAN 9WOL) and PCI Speciﬁcation 2.2.

Optical Drives Models include one or two of the following IDE drives: CD-ROM, CD-RW,

or DVD-ROM.

Chapter 1

Audio CrystalClear CS4299 Audio Codec 97 version 2.1 is integrated on the

system board.

Page 16

System Overview

Workstation Description

Feature Description

System Board Connectors

Rear Connectors (color coded)

• One ﬂexible disk drive connector

• Two ATA-100 IDE connectors (for as many as four IDE devices)

• One CD-IN audio connector

• Internal speaker connector

• WOL connector

• Battery socket

• Status panel connector

• Main power supply connector and ATX 12V power connector

• Auxiliary power connector (MT models only)

• Main chassis fan connector

• Processor fan connector

• PCI card fan connector

• Chassis intrusion connector

• Thermal sensor connector

• Keyboard/Mouse — HP enhanced keyboard with mini-DIN connector

— HP enhanced scrolling mouse with mini-DIN connector

• 25-pin parallel — Mode: Centronics or bidirectional modes (ECP/EPP)

— Parallel port: 1 (378h, IRQ 7), 2 (278h, IRQ 5), or Off

• 9-pin serial (two, buffered) — Standard: Two UART 16550 buffered serial ports

(both RS-232-C).

— Serial Ports A and B: 2F8h (IRQ 3), 2E8h (IRQ 3),

3F8h (IRQ 4), 3E8h (IRQ 4), or Off

(if one port uses 2xxh, the other port must use 3xxh).

• Dual USB connectors

• Audio — LINE IN jack (3.5mm)

— LINE OUT jack (3.5mm) — MIC IN jack (3.5mm)

Chapter 1

Page 17

Internal And External Components

Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2 show the front and rear views of the HP Workstation x2100.

Figure 1-1 Front and Side Views

Power Supply

Main Fan

Spare mounting rails:

- Wide green rails for

5.25-inch devices (for example, Zip drive)

- Narrow green rails for

3.5-inch devices

- Blue rails for 3.5-inch hard disk drives

System Overview

Internal And External Components

Front access shelves:

- three 5 1/4-inch drive shelves (can be used for optical drives or a 3 1/2-inch tray kit– available as accessory)

- two 3 1/2-inch shelves, including a 1.44MB ﬂoppy disk drive

Secondary Hard Disk Drive Shelf

Primary Hard Disk Drive Shelf

Figure 1-2 Rear View

Line Out (headphone) connector

Line In connector

Microphone connector

Keyboard connector

Serial port A

Serial port B

Dual USB connectors

MaxiLife Status Panel

HP MasterKey Lock

Mouse connector

Parallel port

Chapter 1

Display connector

Page 18

System Overview

Internal Features

The core architecture of the HP Workstation x2100 consists of:

• Memory Controller Hub (MCH)

• Input/Output Controller Hub (ICH)

• Host bus The HP Workstation x2100 supports a Pentium 4 processor. For information about this

processor, see page 58.

For information about... Refer to...

System board components Chapter 2 HP BIOS routines Chapter 3 Tests and error messages including Power On Self Test

(POST) routines Graphics, network and SCSI devices, and mass storage

devices Accessories Installation and Parts Replacement Chapter 6 Use or conﬁguration problems Chapter 7 Troubleshooting and Recovery Chapter 7 Contacting support Chapter 7

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 1

Page 19

Front Panel

The HP Workstation x2100’s front panel has the following features:

• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). For information about LCD error messages and available menus, see page 77.

• On/Off LED. The LED displays four states: — Blank: Indicates that the computer is turned off.

— Green: Indicates that the computer is turned on and running correctly. — Red (ﬁxed or ﬂashing): Indicates a preboot or a POST error that is preventing

the system from booting.

— Amber: Displayed during system reset, system lock.

• Hard disk drive activity LED. Activated during POST and during hard disk drive access.

Figure 1-3 Front Panel

System Overview

Front Panel

Reset Button

Hard Disk Activity Light

LCD Control Buttons

Power On/Off Button

Chapter 1

Page 20

System Overview

Speciﬁcations And Characteristics

Physical Characteristics

System Processing Unit

Weight: (Standard conﬁguration as shipped, excluding keyboard and display)

Dimensions 47.0cm max. (D) X 21.0cm (W) X 49.0cm (H)

Footprint 0.09 square meters (1.06 square feet)

Electrical Speciﬁcations

14.4 kilograms (31.68 pounds)

(18.50 inches X 8.26 inches X 19.29 inches)

Maximum

Peak

Parameter Total Rating

Input voltage (Switch select)

Input current (max)

Input frequency 50 to 60 Hz — — — — — Available power 492 W — 100W for PCI slots and AGP Pro slot Max current at

+12 V Max current at

-12 V Max current at

+3.3V

Vddq Max current at

+5V Max current at

-5V Max current at

+5V stdby combined with

3.3V stdby

100-127 V VAC

5.5 A 2.5 A — — — — —

15 A 15 A 0.5 A 1 A 4.2 A 5.2 A

0.8 A — 0.1 A — — —

28 A — 7.6 A 6 A 7.6 A 13.6 A

——— 2 A 30 A — 5 A 2 A

0.0 A — — — — —

2 A — 1.875 A total on 3.3V stdby

200-250 V VAC

(15

secs.)

—— — — —

per PCI

Slots

32-bit

33MHz

Maximum for AGP Slot

Standard

Connector

Extension Total

a. The system can draw a maximum of 50W from the AGP Pro slot. The standard part

of the AGP Pro connector supplies 25W (max.), plus 25W from the connector extension (25W + 25W = 50W). For information about the AGP Pro Universal slot, see page 33.

b. Only for I/O buffers.

Chapter 1

Page 21

System Overview

Speciﬁcations And Characteristics

If an overload triggers the power supply’s overload protection, all power is immediately cut. To reset the power supply unit:

1. Disconnect the power cord.

2. Determine what caused the overload, and ﬁx the problem.

3. Reconnect the power cord, and reboot the workstation. If an overload occurs twice, then there is an undetected short circuit somewhere.

When you use the front panel's power button to turn off the workstation, power consumption falls below the low power consumption (refer to the table on page 21), but doesn't reach zero. This on/off feature extends the power supply's lifetime. To reach zero power consumption in “off” mode, either unplug the workstation or use a power block with a switch.

Power Consumption And Cooling

The power consumption and acoustics listed in the following table are valid for a standard conﬁguration as shipped (one processor, 256MB of memory, 492 W power supply, one hard disk drive, graphics card, LAN card).

All information in this section is based on primary power consumptions.

Power consumption (approximate values)

• Typical operating mode

• Suspend mode (Windows 2000

models only)

230V/50Hz and 115V/60Hz

70W <4W

a. 1W = 3.4121Btu/h

Additional Component

• Processor

50W

- 170.6Btu/h

• SCSI harddisk drive with I/O

access

23W

- 78.4Btu/h

• SCSI hard disk without I/O

access (idle)

• PCI card

16W

10W to

36W

- 54.5Btu/h

- 64.1Btu/h to

122.8Btu/h

- 238.8Btu/h

- 13.6Btu/h

Chapter 1

Page 22

System Overview

Speciﬁcations And Characteristics

Environmental Speciﬁcations

Environmental Speciﬁcations (System Processing Unit with Hard Disk)

Operating Temperature +10 ˚C to +35 ˚C (+40 ˚F to +95 ˚F). Storage Temperature -40 ˚C to +70˚C (-40 ˚F to +158 ˚F). Over-Temperature Shutdown +50˚C (+122˚F) Operating Humidity

Storage Humidity 8% to 85% (relative).1 Acoustic noise emission(asdeﬁned in ISO

7779):

• Operating

• Operating with hard disk access

15% to 80% (relative).

Sound Power

LwA <= 40.5dB LwA <= 41.4dB

Sound Pressure

LpA <= 25.7dB LpA <= 26.5dB

• Operating with ﬂoppy disk access

Operating Altitude 10,000ft (3100m) max Storage Altitude 15,000ft (4600m) max

LwA <= 43.2dB

LpA <= 30.0dB

a. noncondensing conditions.

Operating temperature and humidity ranges may vary depending on the installed mass storage devices. High humidity levels can cause improper disk operation. Low humidity levels can aggravate static electricity problems and cause excessive wear of the disk surface.

Chapter 1

Page 23

System Overview

Power Saving And Ergonometry

Depending on the operating system, the following power-management types are available:

• No sleeping state: Windows NT 4.0 (Full On and Off).

• ACPI: Windows 2000 or XP (Full On, Standby, Hibernate, Off).

Windows 2000/XP

Full On

Suspend Not Supported by

P M

Off Supported Standby (S1

or S3)

A C P I

Hibernate (S4)

Off (S5) Supported

Not Supported by Windows 2000

Supported (implemented as S3, Suspend to RAM)

Supported

Windows NT 4.0

Supported

Windows NT 4.0

APM only Operating System

Power Saving And Ergonometry For APM Systems

Full On

Processor Normal speed Halted Halted Display On Blanked, <5W (typ) Blanked, <5W (typ) Hard disk drive Normal speed Halted Halted

Suspend

Off

Chapter 1

Power consumption

Resume events Keyboard, network

Resume delay A few seconds Boot delay

Supports up to 320W

<40W (230V, 50Hz) <21W (115V, 60Hz)

(RWU), modem, USB

(plugged inbut turned off) <5W (average)

Power button or RPO

a. Not supported by Windows NT 4.0.

Power Saving Modes And Resume Events For ACPI Systems

Full On

(S0)

Processor Normal

speed

Display On Blanked Off Off Off

Suspend (S1) Suspend to

RAM (S3)

Halted Off Off Off

Suspend to

Disk (S4)

Off (S5)

Page 24

System Overview

Power Saving And Ergonometry

Full On

(S0)

Hard Disk Drive

Active Power Planes

Power Consumption

Resume Events Power button,

Resume Delay Instantaneous Instantaneous BIOS boot

Normal speed

VCC VCCAux

Supports up to 492W

Suspend (S1) Suspend to

RAM (S3)

Halted Off Off Off

VCC VCCAux

<40W <10W <10W <10W

LAN, Modem, USB, Scheduler

Memory VCCAux

Power button, LAN, Modem, Scheduler

Suspend to

Disk (S4)

VCCAux VCCAux

Power button, LAN, Modem, Scheduler

delay

Soft Power Down

When you shut down the operating system, the environment is cleared, and the computer is powered off. The Soft Power Down utility is available with Windows NT.

Off (S5)

Power button

Regular boot delay

Chapter 1

Page 25

System Overview

Documentation

The following table lists the documentation available for the HP Workstation x2100. Only selected publications are in hard-copy format. Most are available as PDF ﬁles from the HP Web site.

Title

HP Workstation x2100 Getting Started Guide

HP Workstation x21000 Technical Reference And Troubleshooting Guide

Available at HP Web site

PDF ﬁle A8030-90001

PDF ﬁle No

Hard-copy?

Access HP World Wide Web Site

Additional online support documentation, BIOS upgrades, and drivers are available from HP’s Web site at http://www.hp.com/go/workstationsupport.

After accessing the site, select HP Workstation x2100.

Chapter 1

Page 26

System Overview

Documentation

Where To Find The Information

The table below summarizes information provided in the HP Workstation x2100 documentation set.

Getting Started

Guide

Introducing the Workstation

Product features Minimal Key features. Exploded view.

Product model numbers

Environmental Setting up the

PC. Working in Comfort.

Safety warnings Safety. Electrical,

Finding on-line information

Technical information

Formal documents Certiﬁcate of

Using the Workstation

Connecting devices and turning on

BIOS Basic details. Advanced. Fields and their

options within Setup

Manageability Power

Upgrading the Workstation

Opening the PC Full description. Supported

accessories

HP Web sites. HP Web sites.

Basic details. Advanced.

Conformity. Software License agreement.

Rear panel connectors, starting and stopping.

Basic details. ViewingSetup screen, using, passwords

management, Software and drivers.

Technical

Reference/Troubles

hooting Guide

Complete listing.

multimedia, safety, unpacking,removing, and replacing cover.

Complete list.

Full description Full PN details

Service

Handbook

Parts list. Product range.

Chapter 1

Page 27

System Overview

Documentation

Getting Started

Guide

Installing accessories

Conﬁguring devices

System board Installing and

Repairing the Workstation

Troubleshooting Basic. Advanced. MaxiLife,

Power-On Self-Test routines (POST)

Diagnostic utility e-DiagTools,

CD-ROM recovery.

Peripheral Devices

Audio Accessories Refer to online

LAN Accessories Refer to online

Technical

Reference/Troubles

hooting Guide

Processor(s),memory, accessory boards, massstorage devices., fans, power supply, system board, battery

Installing devices.

removing, connectors and switch settings. Chip-set details.

hardware diagnoses and suggested solutions.

Error codes, messages, EMUand suggestions for corrective action. Order of tests.

HP e-DiagTools, CD-ROM recovery Technical Details.

version of Audio User’s Guide for information about setting up and conﬁguring audio accessories.

version (preloaded on hard disk) of LAN

Administrator’s Guideforinformation

on setting up and conﬁguring LAN cards and systems.

Service

Handbook

Jumpers, switches and connectors.

Service notes.

Chapter 1

a. For address, “Access HP World Wide Web Site” on page 25.

Page 28

System Overview

Documentation

Chapter 1

Page 29

2 System Board

Chapter 2

Page 30

System Board

System Board Description

This chapter describes the components of the system board including:

• Memory Controller Hub (MCH)

• Input/Output Controller Hub (ICH2)

• FirmWare Hub (FWH)

• System Bus Figure 2-1 shows the HP Workstation x2100 system board in detail.

Figure 2-1 HP Workstation x2100 System Board

24.4 cm

9.6 inches

30.5 cm 12 inches

Chapter 2

Page 31

Figure 2-2 shows where the different chips and connectors reside on the system board.

Figure 2-2 System Board Chips and Connectors

Memory slots

Main chassis fan

System Board Description

B2B2 B1

A2 A1

Auxiliary power (MT models only)

System Board

Mainpower

supply

CD-ROM audio in

Chassis intrusion

PCI slots

Pentium IV processor (socket 423)

MCH

ATX12V power

AGP slot

Battery socket

HP MaxiLife

Wake On LAN

Processor fan

Floppy

ICH2

Primary IDE

Secondary IDE

Thermal sensor System board switches

Internal speaker

PCI card fan

Status panel

Chapter 2

Page 32

System Board

System Board Description

Architectural View

PS2

Keyboard,

PS2mouse,

and floppy

Parallel

and serial

ports

Address (36) Control

Data (64)

1.5V AGP PRO

Connector

2 IDE

connectors

4 USB

connectors

Super

I/O

NS 87364

Socket 423

AGP 4x Bus

(133MHz

(1GB/sec data

transfer rate)

ATA/100 2

channels

USB

LPC / FWH Link

FirmWare

Hub(FWH)

82802AA

Intel Pentium IV

processor

Memory

Controller Hub

(MCH)

82850

I/O Controller Hub

I/O Controller Hub2

(ICH) 82801AA

(ICH2) 82801BA

IDE

controller

4 x USB

controller

LPC

bridge

LAN

Interface

Serial

EEPROM

850

Dual Rambus Channel

3.2GB/s at 400MHz data transfer rate

HUB LINK 8

(266 MB/s data transfer

rate)

PCI bridge

AC’97

audio

controller

SM Bus

controller

PCI Bus (32-bit, 33 MHz)

133 MB/s data transfer rate

SMBus

MaxiLife

monitor-

ing chip

100 MHz two-way System Bus (Data Bus runs at 4 x 100 MHz, 3.2 GB/s transfer rate)

Four onboard RIMM sockets supporting RDRAM memory.

Slot 1 - 32-bit/33MHz

Slot 2- 32-bit/33MHz

Slot 3 - 32-bit/33MHz Slot 4 - 32-bit/33MHz Slot 5 - 32-bit/33MHz

Fans

LCD

status

panel

Chapter 2

Page 33

Accessory Board Slots

Figure 2-3 shows the position of the accessory board slots on the system board.

Figure 2-3 Accessory Board Slots

One 1.5V AGP slot

System Board

Accessory Board Slots

PCI Slot 1

Five 32-bit 33 MHz PCI slots

Accelerated Graphics Port Slot

The HP Workstation x2100 has one Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) graphics slot.

Figure 2-4 AGP Slot

The AGP Pro 1.5V slot provides graphics performance for high-end graphics cards, combining AGP 4X bandwidth (data transfer rates as fast as 1056MB/sec) with the ability to accept high-end graphics cards drawing up that draw as much as 110W of power.

PCI Slot 2 PCI Slot 3

PCI Slot 4 PCI Slot 5

Chapter 2

Toaccommodate AGP Pro cards, the AGP PRO slot connector is wider than the standard AGP 4X connector. To meet the increased power requirements of AGP Pro graphics cards, additional pins are present at both ends of the connector.

An AGP Pro card may draw power either from the existing part of the AGP Pro connector, the extended part, or a combination of the two. In all cases, the maximum power that an AGP Pro card may draw is limited to 110W in the workstation models. Power on the existing part of the connector is delivered on 5.0V and 3.3V rails. Power on the extension is delivered on the 12V and 3.3V rails.

You can use either standard AGP graphics cards or AGP Pro graphics cards that draw less than 50W of power. (Below 25W, you can use a standard AGP connector.) Power is provided through 3.3V, 5V, or 12V power rails.

Page 34

System Board

Accessory Board Slots

NOTE AGP Pro graphics cards that draw more than 50W and AGP 3.3V graphics cards cannot

be used in the workstation’s AGP slot. The AGP Pro 1.5V slot is backward compatible with both AGP 1x and 2.x modes (using

1.5V signalling) and AGP 4x mode (where 1.5V signalling is necessary). For information about the AGP interface and bus, see page 41.

Peripheral Component Interconnect Slots

The system board contains ﬁve 32-bit, 33MHz Component Interconnect (PCI) connectors.

Figure 2-5 PCI Slots

The PCI slots accept 3.3V and 5V PCI 32-bit 33MHz cards, and Universal PCI cards (which are 3.3V or 5V compatible). Refer to the table on page 34 for the different PCI board installations.

The maximum supported power consumption per slot is 25W, either from the 5V or the

3.3V supply. The power consumption must comply with the electrical speciﬁcations of the PCI 2.2 speciﬁcation. Total power consumption for the PCI slots must not exceed 60W.

The power consumption of each PCI board is automatically reported to the system through the two presence-detect pins on each PCI slot. These pins code the following cases:

• No accessory board in the PCI slot

• 7W maximum PCI board in the PCI slot

• 15W maximum PCI board in the PCI slot

• 25 maximum PCI board in the PCI slot The following table shows the various PCI board installations for the different PCI slots:

PCI Card

3.3V and 5V Universal (3.3V or 5V compatible)

PCI Slot 32-bit/

33MHz

Slots 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 5V, 32-bit/33MHz

yes

64-bit/ 33MHz

yes

32-bit/ 33MHz or 66MHz

yes yes yes

64-bit/ 33MHz or 66MHz

yes

a. You can install a 64-bit card in a 32-bit slot. However, this card will only

operate in 32-bit mode.

Chapter 2

Page 35

System Board

Accessory Board Slots

b. You can install a 66Mhz card in a 33MHz slot. However, this card will only

operate in 33MHz mode.

The system board and BIOS support the PCI 2.2 speciﬁcation. This speciﬁcation supports PCI-to-PCI bridges and multifunction PCI devices, and each of the ﬁve PCI slots have master capabilities.

The PCI slots are connected to the ICH2 PCI 32-bit 33MHz bus.

Chapter 2

Page 36

System Board

System Board Switches

There Are 10 System Board Switches Used For Conﬁguration. You Should Not Modify The Settings Of Reserved Switches 1 - 5; Modiﬁcation Of These Switches Can Lead To System Failure.

Switch

1-4 OFF Reserved. Do not change default settings. 5 ON Reserved. Do not change default setting. 6 ON Enables keyboard power-on.

7 OFF Enables normal modes.

8 OFF Retains CMOS memory.

9 OFF Enables User and System Administrator

10 OFF Chassis type

Default

Position

Use

OFF disables this option.

ON enables the BIOS recovery mode at next boot.

ON clears CMOS memory at next boot.

passwords. ON clears the passwords at next boot.

OFF = desktop, ON= minitower

Chapter 2

Page 37

ICH2

System Board

System Chipset

The Intel I850 chipset is a high-integration chipset designed for graphics/multimedia PC platforms and is comprised of the following:

MCH

• The 82850 MCH is a bridge between the: — System bus

— Dual Rambus bus (main memory) — AGP 4x (graphic) bus — Hub link 8-bit

For detailed information about the MCH chip feature, see page 38.

• The 82801BA ICH2 is a bridge between the 32-bit, 33MHz PCI bus and the SMBus. Additionally, the ICH2 supports the:

— integrated IDE controller (Ultra ATA/100) — enhanced DMA controller — USB controller — interrupt controller — Low Pin Count (LPC) interface — FWH interface — Integrated LAN — ACPI Power Management Logic — AC’97 2.1 Compliant Link — Alert-On-LAN (AOL) and Real Time Clock (RTC) — CMOS

For detailed information about the ICH2, see page 44.

• The 82802AB FWH stores system BIOS and SCSI BIOS (i.e., the nonvolatile memory component). In addition, the FWH contains an Intel Random Number Generator (RNG). The RNG provides random numbers to enable fundamental security building blocks for stronger encryption, digital signing, and security protocols for the workstation. For detailed information about the FWH, see page 56.

Chapter 2

Page 38

System Board

Memory Controller Hub (82850)

The MCH host bridge/controller is contained in a 615-pin Organic Land Grid Array (OLGA) package and is the bridge between the system bus, Dual Rambus bus (main memory), AGP 4x (graphic), and Hub Link 8-bit.

Figure 2-6 shows an example of the system block diagram using the MCH.

Figure 2-6 System Block Diagram using MCH

Address (36) Control

Data (64)

1.5V AGP PRO

connector

Socket 423

AGP 4x Bus

133MHz (1 GB

MB/s data transfer

rate)

Intel Pentium IV

Processor

I850 Memory

Controller Hub (MCH)

82850

AGP

Inter-

face

I/O Controller Hub2

(ICH2) 82801BA

Memory

Controller

HUB LINK 8

(266MB/sdata

transfer rate)

100MHz two-way system bus (Data Busruns at4 x 100MHz,

3.2GB/s transfer rate)

Dual Rambus

3.2GB/s at400MHz data transfer rate

Four onboard RIMM sockets supporting RDRAM memory

Chapter 2

Page 39

System Board

Memory Controller Hub (82850)

The following table shows the features that the MCH host bridge/controller offers.

Feature Feature

• Processor/system bus: — Supports Pentium IV processor at

100MHz systembus frequency (400MHz data bus)

— Provides an eight-deep In-Order Queue

that supports as many as eight outstanding transaction requests on the system bus

— Desktop optimized AGTL+ bus driver

technology with integrated AGTL + termination resistors

— Support for 32-bit system bus address

• Memory Controller

Direct Rambus:

• Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) interface: — Single 1.5V AGP Pro connector

— AGP 2.0 compliant, including AGP 4x

data transfers and 2x/4x Fast Write protocol

— AGP 1.5V connector support with 1.5V

signalling only

— AGP PIPE# or SBA initiated accesses to

DRAM is not snooped

— AGP FRAME initiated accesses to

DRAM are snooped (snooper identiﬁes that data is coherent in cache memory)

— Hierarchical PCI conﬁguration

mechanism

— Delayed transaction support for

AGP-to-DRAM reads that cannot be serviced immediately

• As many as 64 Direct Rambus devices

• Dual Direct Rambus Channels operating in

lock-step (both channels must be populated with a memory module). Supporting 300MHz or 400MHz

• RDRAM 128Mbit and 256Mbit devices

• Minimum upgrade incrementof32MB using

128Mbit DRAM technology

• Hub Link 8-bit interface to ICH2: — High-speed interconnect between the

MCH and ICH2 (266MB/sec)

• Dual-channel maximum memory array size

is:

— 1GB using 128Mbit DRAM technology — 2GB using 256Mbit DRAM technology

• As many as eight simultaneous open pages: — 1KB page size support for 128Mbit and

256Mbit RDRAM devices

— 2KB page size support for 256Mbit

RDRAM devices

Chapter 2

Page 40

System Board

Memory Controller Hub (82850)

Feature Feature

• Power management: — SMRAM space remapping to A0000h -

BFFFFh (128KB).

— Extended SMRAM space above 256MB,

additional 128KB, 256KB, 512KB, 1MB TSEG from top of memory, cacheable (cacheability controlled by processor)

• Arbitration: — Distributed arbitration model for

concurrency support

— Concurrent operations of system, hub

interface, AGP, and memory buses supported through a dedicated arbitration and data-buffering logic

— ACPI 1.0 compliant power management — APM 1.2 compliant power management

• 615 OLGA MCH package • I/O device support: — I/O Controller Hub (ICH2)

MCH Overview

The MCH provides the processor interface, memory interface, AGP interface and hub interface in an Intel 850 chipset platform. The MCH supports two channels of Direct RDRAM operating in lock-step. It also supports 4x AGP data transfers and 2x/4x AGP fast writes. The primary host interface enhancements include:

• Source synchronous double pumped address

• Source synchronous quad pumped data

• System bus interrupt delivery The MCH supports a 64B cache line size. One processor is supported at a system bus

frequency of 100 MHz (400 MHz Data Bus). It supports 32-bit host addresses, letting the processor address the entire 4GB space of the MCH’s memory address space. The MCH also provides an eight-deep In-Order Queue that supports as many as eight outstanding pipelined address requests on the host bus.

Host-initiated I/O signals are subtractively decoded to the hub interface. Host-initiated memory cycles are positively decoded to AGP or RDRAM and are again subtractively decoded to the hub interface.

AGP semantic memory accesses initiated from AGP to DRAM are not snooped on the host bus. Memory accesses initiated from AGP using PCI semantics and accesses from the hub interface to DRAM are snooped on the system bus. Memory access whose addresses lie within the AGP aperture are translated using the AGP address translation table, regardless of the originating interface.

Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) Bus Interface

A controller for the AGP Pro 1.5V slot is integrated in the MCH. The AGP interface supports 1x/2x/4x AGP signaling and 2x/4x fast writes. AGP semantic cycles to the DRAM are not snooped on the host bus. PCI semantic cycles to DRAM are snooped on the host bus. The MCH supports PIPE# or SBA{7.0} AGP address mechanisms, but not both simultaneously. Either the PIPE# or the SBA{7.0] mechanism must be selected during system initialization. Both upstream and downstream addressing is limited to

Chapter 2

Page 41

System Board

Memory Controller Hub (82850)

32-bit for AGP and AGP/PCI transactions. The MCH contains a 32-deep AGP Requests queue. High priority accesses are supported. All accesses from the AGP interface that fall within the graphic aperture address range pass through an address translation mechanism with a fully associative 20 entry TLB. Accesses between AGP and the hub interface are limited to memory writes originating from the hub interface for the AGP bus.

The AGP interface is clocked from a dedicated 66 MHz clock (661N). The AGP-to-host/core interface is asynchronous. The AGP buffers operate only in 1.5V mode. They are not 3.3V safe.

Hub Interface

The 8-bit hub interface connects the MCH to the ICH2. Most communications between the MCH and the ICH2 occur over this interface. The hub interface runs at 66 MHz/266 MB/s.

The hub interface’s supported trafﬁc types include: hub interface-to -AGP memory writes, hub interface-to-DRAM, processor-to-hub interface, messaging (MSI interrupt messages, power management state change, MI, SCI, and SERR error indication). It is assumed that the hub interface is always connected to an ICH2.

RDRAM Interface

The MCH directly supports two channels of Direct RDRAM memory operating in lock-step using RSL technology. These channels run at 300 MHz and 400MHz and support 128 Mb and 256 Mb technology RDRAM Direct devices. These 128 Mb and 256 Mb RDRAMs use page sizes of 1 Kb, while 256 Mb devices may also be conﬁgured to use 2 Kb pages. A maximum of 64 RDRAM devices are supported on the paired channels without external logic (128Mbit technology implies 1GB maximum in 32MB increments, whereas 256Mbit technology implies 2GB maximum in 64MB increments).

The MCH also provides optional ECC error checking for RDRAM data integrity. During DRAM writes, ECC is generated on a QWord(64-bit)basis.DuringDRAMreads,andthe read of the data that underlies partial writes, the MCH supports detection of single-bit and multiple-bit errors, and will correct single-bit errors when correction is enabled.

RDRAM Thermal Management

The relatively high power dissipation needs of RDRAM necessitate a MCH mechanism capable of putting a number of memory devices into a power-saving mode to keep an inadequately cooled system from overheating. RDRAM devices may be in one of three power-management states: active, standby or “nap.” The MCH implements the RDRAM nap mode.

Two queues are used in the MCH to control power consumption: the A queue contains references to device pairs that are currently in the active mode while the B queue contains references to devices that are in the standby mode. This means that all devices that are in neither queue are in standby or napping. The A queue can hold from 1 to 8 device pairs, while the B queue can be conﬁgured to contain between 1 and 16 device pairs. This allows power consumption to be tuned.

Chapter 2

The MCH also implements a mode in which all devices are turned on and it is assumed that the system will provide adequate cooling. This means that all devices that are in neither queue A or B are in standby mode. One fail-safe mechanism is supported that

Page 42

System Board

Memory Controller Hub (82850)

protects the RDRAM devices from thermal overload. This mechanism polls the thermal indicator bits in the RDRAM devices themselves. When the mechanism is activated, the MCH immediately exits the “all devices on” mode and reverts to whatever queue mode has been programmed by system software.

Dual Rambus Bus

The Dual Rambus bus is comprised of 16 x 2 bits of data information, and eight bits of Error Correcting Code (ECC). The bus is connected to the RIMM memory slots and to the MCH chip so that the system supports two Dual Rambus channels (A and B).

Both channels run at 300MHz or 400MHz, supporting as many as 32 Rambus devices per channel. The maximum available data bandwidth is 3.2GB/s at 400MHz.

The conﬁguration of both primary rambus channels must be symmetrical. The memory conﬁguration on channel A must be identical to the memory conﬁguration on channel B. This means that you must install the memory in identical pairs.

RIMM Memory Slots

The HP Workstation x2100 has four RIMM memory sockets for installing two or four RDRAM memory modules:

• RIMM A1

• RIMM A2

• RIMM B1

• RIMM B2

Figure 2-7 RIMM Memory Slots

Each pair of memory sockets must contain identical memory modules (identical in size, speed, and type). That is, sockets A1 and B1 must contain identical modules, and sockets A2 and B2 must contain identical modules (or continuity modules).

If you install only two RDRAM modules, use the sockets marked A1 and B1. The other two sockets (A2 and B2) must contain continuity modules.

Each RIMM socket is connected to the SMBus.

Read/Write Buffers

The MCH deﬁnes a data-buffering scheme to support the required level of concurrent operations and provide adequate sustained bandwidth between the DRAM subsystem and all other system interfaces (CPU, AGP, and PCI).

Chapter 2

Page 43

System Board

Memory Controller Hub (82850)

System Clocking

The MCH has the following clock input pins:

• Differential BCLK0/BCLK1 for the host interface

• 66 MHz clock input for the AGP and hub interface

• Differential CTM/CTM# and CFM/CFM# for each of the two RAC’s. Clock synthesizer chip(s) are responsible for generating the system host clocks, AGP and

hub interface clocks, PCI clocks and RDRAM clocks. The MCH provides two pairs of feedback signals to the Direct Rambus Clock Generator (DRCG) chips to keep the host and RDRAM clocks aligned. The host speed is 100 MHz. The RDRAM speed is 300 MHz or 400 MHz. The MCH does not require any relationship between the BCLK host clock and the 66 MHz clock generated for AGP and hub interfaces; they are totally asynchronous from each other. The AGP and hub interfaces run at a constant 66 MHz base frequency. The hub interface runs at 4x. AGP transfers may be 1x/2x/4x.

Chapter 2

Page 44

System Board

Input/output Controller Hub 2 (82801BA)

The ICH2 is encapsulated in a 360-pin Enhanced Ball Grid Array (EBGA) package and resides on the system board just underneath the AGP connector.It provides the interface between the PCI bridge (PCI 2.2 compliant with support for 32-bit 33MHz PCI operations), PCI-to-Low Pin Count (LPC) bridge, IDE controller, USB controller, SMBus controller, and Audio Codec’97 controller.

You’ll ﬁnd more detail about the ICH2 functions and capabilities later in this section. Figure 2-8 shows an example of the system block diagram using the ICH2.

Figure 2-8 System Block Diagram Using ICH2

Intel Pentium IV

Processor

Address (36) Control

Data (64)

System Bus

Keyboard,

mouse,

and floppy

Parallel

and serial

ports

2 IDE

connectors

4 USB

connectors

Super

I/O

NS 87364

ATA/100 2

channels

USB

LPC/FWH link

FirmWare

Hub

(FWH)

82802AA

I850 Memory

Controller Hub

I/O Controller Hub

IDE

Control

4 x USB

Controller

DMA

Controller

Lan

Interface

Serial

EEPROM

(MCH)

(ICH2) 82801BA

PCI Bridge

ler

CS audio

codec

(CS4280)

SM Bus

Controller

SMBus

MaxiLife Monitor-

ing Chip

PCI bus (32-bit, 33MHz)

133MB/s data transfer rate

Slot 1 - 32-bit/33MHz

Slot 2- 32-bit/33MHz Slot 3 - 32-bit/33MHz Slot 4 - 32-bit/33MHz

Slot 5 - 32-bit/33MHz

Fans

LCD

Status

Panel

Chapter 2

Page 45

System Board

Input/output Controller Hub 2 (82801BA)

The following table shows the available ICH2 features, and the following sections discuss them.

Feature Feature

• Multifunction PCI bus interface: — PCI at 32-bit 33MHz

— PCI 2.2 speciﬁcation — 133MB/sec data transfer rate — Master PCI device support for as many

as ﬁve devices

• USB, supporting: — USB 1.1 compliant

— UHCI implementation with four USB

ports for serial transfers at 1.2 or

1.5Mbit/sec

— Wake-up from sleeping states — Legacy keyboard/mouse software

• Power Management Logic: — ACPI 1.0 compliant

— Support for APM-based legacy power

management for non-ACPI implementations

— ACPI deﬁned power states (S1, S3, S4,

S5)

— ACPI power management timer — SMI generation — All registers readable/restorable for

proper resume from 0V suspend states

— PCI PME#

• Enhanced DMA controller: — Two 82C37 DMA controllers

— PCI DMA with two PC/PCI channels in

pairs

— LPC DMA — DMA collection buffer to provide Type-F

DMA performance for all DMA channels

• Interrupt Controller: — Two cascaded 82C59 controllers

— Integrated I/O APIC capability — 15 interrupt support in 8259 mode, 24

supported in I/O APIC mode

— Serial interrupt protocol

• Integrated IDE controller: — Independent timing of as many as four

drives

— Ultra ATA/100 mode (100MB/sec) — Ultra ATA/66 mode (66MB/sec) — Ultra ATA/33 mode (33MB/sec) — PIO mode four transfers as fast as

14MB/sec

— Separate IDE connections for primary

and secondary cables

— Integrated 16 x 32-bit buffer for IDE

PCI burst transfers

— Write ping-pong buffer for faster write

performances

Chapter 2

• Real-time clock, supporting: — 256-byte battery-backed CMOS RAM

— Hardware implementation to indicate

century rollover

• Timers based on 82C54: — System timer, refresh request, speaker

tone output

• System timer, refresh request, speaker tone

output

• System TCO reduction circuits: — Timers to generate SMI# and reset upon

— Timers to detect improper processor

reset

— Integrated processor frequency strap

logic

• SMBus — Host interface allows processor to

communicate via SMBus

— Compatible with two-wire I2C bus

• GPIO: — TTL, Open-Drain, Inversion

Page 46

System Board

Input/output Controller Hub 2 (82801BA)

• FWH interface • 3.3V operation with 5V tolerant buffers for

• 241 BGA package • Alert-On-LAN (AOL) support

ICH2 Features

ICH2 Architecture

The ICH2 interface architecture ensures that the I/O subsystems, both PCI and the integrated I/O features (for example, IDE, AC’97, and USB), receive adequate bandwidths.

By placing the I/O bridge directly on the ICH2 interface, and no longer on the PCI bus, the ICH2 architecture ensures that the I/O functions obtain the bandwidth necessary for peak performance.

ICH2 PCI Bus Interface

Feature Feature

IDE and PCI signals

The ICH2 PCI provides the interface to a PCI bus interface operating at 33MHz. This interface implementation is compliant with PCI 2.2 speciﬁcation, supporting as many as ﬁve external PCI masters in addition to the ICH2 requests. The PCI bus can reach a data transfer rate of 133MB/sec. The maximum PCI burst transfer can be between 256 bytes and 4KB. It also supports advanced snooping for PCI master bursting, and provides a prefetch mechanism dedicated for IDE read.

For a list of ICH2 interrupts, see the table on page 60.

SMBus Controller

The System Management (SM) bus is a two-wire serial bus that runs at a maximum of 100kKHz. The SMBus host interface allows the processor to communicate with SMBus slaves and an SMBus slave interface that allows external masters to activate power-management events. The bus connects to sensor devices that monitor some of the hardware functions of the system board, both during system boot and run-time.

For a description of the devices on the SMBus, see page 49. For information about the MaxiLife ASIC, see page 51.

Low Pin Count Interface

The ICH2 implements the LPC interface 1.0 speciﬁcation.

Enhanced USB Controller

The USB controller provides enhanced support for the Universal Host Controller Interface (UHCI). This includes support that allows legacy software to use a USB-based keyboard and mouse. The USB supports four stacked connectors on the back panel. These ports are built into the ICH2, as standard USB ports.

The ICH2 is USB 1.1 compliant.

Chapter 2

Page 47

System Board

Input/output Controller Hub 2 (82801BA)

USB works only if you’ve enabled the USB interface within the HP Setup program. Currently, only Microsoft Windows 95 SR2.1, Windows 98, and Windows 2000 provide USB support.

AC’97 Controller

The AC’97 controller is a single-chip CS4299 audio controller that provides full audio features for the HP Workstation x2100.

For information about the CS4299 audio solution, see page 48.

IDE Controller

The IDE controller is implemented as part of the ICH2 chip and has PCI-Master capability. Two independent ATA/100 IDE channels are provided with two connectors per channel. You can connect two IDE devices (one master and one slave) per channel. To guarantee data transfer integrity, you must use Ultra-ATA cables for Ultra-ATA modes (Ultra-ATA/33, Ultra-ATA/66, and Ultra-ATA/100).

The PIO IDE transfers as fast as 14MB/sec, and the system supports Bus Master IDE transfer rates of as fast as 66MB/sec. The IDE controller integrates 16 x 32-bit buffers for optimal transfers.

You can mix a fast and a slow device (for example, a hard disk and a CD-ROM) on the same channel without affecting the performance of the faster device. The BIOS automatically determines the fastest conﬁguration that each device supports.

DMA Controller

The seven-channel DMA controller incorporates the functionality of two 82C37 DMA controllers. Channels zero to three are for 8-bit count-by-byte transfers, whereas channels ﬁve to seven are for 16-bit count-by-word transfers. (For allocated DMA channel allocations, see the table on page 74.) You can program any two of the seven DMA channels to support fast Type-F transfers.

The ICH2 DMA controller supports the LPC DMA. The LPC interface supports Single, Demand, Verify, and Incremental modes. Channels zero to three are 8-bit, whereas channels ﬁve to seven are 16-bit. Channel four is reserved as a generic bus master request.

Interrupt Controller

The interrupt controller is equivalent in function to the two 82C59 interrupt controllers. The two interrupt controllers are cascaded so that 14 external and 2 internal interrupts are possible. In addition, the ICH2 supports a serial interrupt scheme and also implements the I/O APIC controller. The table on page 60 shows how the master and slave controllers are connected.

Timer/Counter Block

Chapter 2

The timer/counter block contains three counters that are equivalent in function to those found in one 82C54 programmable interval counter/timer. These three counters provide the system timer function and speaker tone. The 14.318MHz oscillator input provides the clock source for these three counters.

Page 48

System Board

Input/output Controller Hub 2 (82801BA)

Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller

You can use the APIC, which is incorporated in the ICH2, in either single-processor or multiprocessor systems, whereas the standard interrupt controller supports only single-processor systems.

Real Time Clock

The RTC is 146818A-compatible, with 256 bytes of CMOS. The RTC performs two key functions:

• Keeps track of the time

• Stores system data The RTC operates on a 32.768KHz crystal and a separate 3V lithium battery that

provides up to seven years of protection for an unplugged system. The RTC also supports two lockable memory ranges. By setting bits in the conﬁguration space, you can lock two 8-byte ranges to read and write accesses. This procedure prevents unauthorized reading of passwords or other security information. Another feature is a date alarm that allows for a schedule wake-up event as much as 30 days in advance.

Enhanced Power Management

The ICH2’s power-management functions include enhanced clock control, local and global monitoring support for 14 individual devices, and various low-power (suspend) states. A hardware-based thermal management circuit permits software-independent entry points for low-power states.

The ICH2 includes full support for the Advanced Conﬁguration and Power Interface (ACPI) speciﬁcations.

Crystal CS4299 Integrated PCI Audio

Based on the earlier crystal audio controller, the CS4299 extends these features to include, among many other enhancements, PC’98 and PC’99 compliancy for multimedia desktops that require high-quality audio.

Features of the CS4299 include:

• AC’97 2.1 compatibility

• Industry-leading mixed-signal technology

• 20-bit stereo digital-to-analog converter and 18-bit analog-to-digital converter

• High-quality pseudo-differential CD input

• Mono microphone input

• Analog line-level stereo inputs for LINE IN

• Stereo line-level output

• Compliance with Microsoft’s PC’98 and PC’99 audio performance requirements

Chapter 2

Page 49

The CS4299 introduces a new architecture that is different from the one used with the CS4280-CS4297 pair.

Figure 2-9 CS4280-CS4297 and CS4299 Architecture

Previous Architecture

North Bridge

PCI Slots South Bridge

PCI Bus

System Board

Input/output Controller Hub 2 (82801BA)

New Architecture

North Bridge

South Bridge

CS4280 digital controller

Audio controller link

CS4297

Audio controller link

CS4299

Devices On The SMBus

The SMBus is a subset of the I2C bus. It is a two-wired serial bus that runs at a maximum speed of 100KHz. The SMBus monitors some of the system board’s hardware functions (for example, voltage levels, temperature, fan speed, memory presence, and type), both at system boot and during normal run-time. The SMBus controller,located in the ICH2, controls the SMBus.

The following devices are connected to the SMBus:

• LCD status panel

• One serial EEPROM MaxiLife (also includes backup values of CMOS settings)

• PCI slot 5 ready for Alert-On LAN (AOL) from a hardware level

• ICH2 SMBus master controller 100KHz maximum

• MaxiLife for hardware management, bus master controller

Chapter 2

• One LM75 thermal sensor on the system board

• One ADM1024 hardware-monitoring sensor

Page 50

System Board

Input/output Controller Hub 2 (82801BA)

• RIMM serial EEPROM

Figure 2-10 Devices on the SMBus

Intel Pentium IV

Processor

with L2 cache memory

I850 Memory

Controller Hub

(MCH)

82840-QP

HUB LINK 8

(233MB/s data

transfer rate)

I/O Controller Hub

(ICH2) 82801BA

(ICH2) 82801AA

IDE

Controller

4 x USB

Controller

PCI bridge

CS audio

codec

(CS4299)

System Bus

DMA

Controller

SMBus

Controller

MaxiLife

Fans

Monitor-

Serial

EEPROM

SMBus

ing Chip

LCD

Status

Panel

ICH2 SMBus Master Controller

The ICH2 provides a processor-to-SMBus controller. All access performed to the SMBus occurs through the ICH2 SMBus interface. Typically, the processor has access to all the devices connected to the SMBus.

Chapter 2

Page 51

System Board

Input/output Controller Hub 2 (82801BA)

RIMM Sockets

Each RIMM socket is connected to the SMBus. The 168-pin RIMM modules include a 256-byte I2C serial EEPROM. The ﬁrst 128 bytes contain general information, including the DRAM chips’ manufacturer’s name, RIMM speed rating, RIMM type, and so on. You can use the second 128 bytes of the serial EEPROM to store data online.

AS98127F

The AS98127 chip is a hardware-monitoring sensor dedicated to the processor temperature. This chip uses the thermal diodes integrated into each processor cartridge and makes the temperature information available through the SMBus. It also monitors processor power supply voltages.

Serial EEPROM

This is the nonvolatile memory that holds the default values for the CMOS memory (in the event of battery failure).When you install a new system board, the serial EEPROM will have a blank serial number ﬁeld. The BIOS automatically detects this, and the system prompts you for the serial number printed on the identiﬁcation label on the back of the workstation.

The computer uses 16KB of serial EEPROM implemented within two chips. Serial EEPROM is ROM in which the application of appropriate electrical signals can return one byte at a time to its unprogrammed state. In effect, you can make serial EEPROM behave like very slow, nonvolatile RAM. It is used for storing the tattoo string, the serial number, and the parameter settings for the Setup program as well as MaxiLife ﬁrmware.

LM75 Temperature Sensor

The LM75 temperature sensor and alarm reside on the system board. The sensor measures the temperature in various areas of the system board. The system uses this information to regulate fans.

HP MaxiLife Hardware-monitoring Chip

MaxiLife is a hardware-monitoring chip on the system board. Its functions include:

• On/off and reset control

• Status panel management (lock button, LEDs)

• Hardware monitoring (temperature and voltage)

• Early diagnostics (CPU, memory, PLLs, boot start)

• Run-time diagnostics (CPU errors)

• Fan speed regulation

• Other miscellaneous functions (such as special OK/FAIL symbols based on a smiling face)

Figure 2-11 HP MaxiLife Hardware-Monitoring Chip

Chapter 2

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System Board

Input/output Controller Hub 2 (82801BA)

The integrated microprocessor includes the following:

• Synopsys cell based on Dallas “8052” equivalent

• 2KB boot ROM

• 256 bytes of data RAM

• I2C cell

• Analog-to-Digital (ADC) with ﬁve entries

• Additional glue logic for interrupt control, fan regulation, and a status panel control

MaxiLife downloads its code in 96 milliseconds from an I2C serial EEPROM. The total ﬁrmware (MaxiLife 8051-code, running in RAM) size is 14KB. As it exceeds the 2KB program RAM space, a paging mechanism swaps code as necessary, based on a 512-byte buffer. The ﬁrst 2KB pages of ﬁrmware code is crucial because it controls the initial power on/reset to boot the system. This initial page is checked with a null-checksum test and the presence of MaxiLife markers (located just below the 2KB limit).

MaxiLife is not accessible in I/O space or memory space of the system platform, but only through the SMBus (which is a subset of the I2C bus), via the ICH2. Its I2C cell may operate either in slave or master mode, switched by ﬁrmware, or automatically in the event of Arbitration loss.

As a monitoring chip, MaxiLife reports critical errors at start-up, and is therefore powered by Vstandby (3.3V) power. For MaxiLife to work, the workstation must be connected to a grounded outlet. This enables the workstation’s hardware-monitoring chip to be active, even if the system has been powered off.

Test Sequence And Error Messages

For detailed information about the different test sequences and error messages, see “MaxiLife Test Sequence And Error Messages” on page 78.

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MaxiLife Architecture

The MaxiLife chip continuously monitors temperature and voltage sensors located in critical regions on the system board. This chip receives data about the various system components via a dedicated I2C bus, which is a reliable communications bus to control the integrated circuit boards.

Figure 2-12 MaxiLife Architecture

System Board

Input/output Controller Hub 2 (82801BA)

LCD Status Panel

Serial EEPROM

Memory

Speed up/slow down

HP MaxiLife

AGPset

System Fans

I2C Bus

Temperature

Sensor

Hardwaremonitoring

Voltage Sensor

Memory

ASIC

NOTE MaxiLife is powered by VSTBY. Therefore, MaxiLife is functional as soon as the power

cord is plugged in.

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System Board

Input/output Controller Hub 2 (82801BA)

Devices On The LPC Bus

Figure 2-13 illustrates the devices connected to the LPC bus.

Figure 2-13 Devices on the LPC Bus

Keyboard,

mouse,

and ﬂoppy

Super

I/O

NS 87364

LPC / FWH Link

Intel Pentium IV

Processor

I850 Memory

Controller

Hub (MCH)

82840-QP

HUB LINK 8

I/O Controller Hub

(ICH2) 82801BA

(ICH) 82801AA

IDE

Controller

4 x USB

Controller

DMA

Controller

PCI bridge

CS audio

(CS4299)

Controller

System Bus

codec

SMBus

Paralleland

serial ports

The Super I/O Controller

The Super I/O chip (NS 87364) provides control for two FDD devices, two serial ports, one bidirectional multimode parallel port, and a keyboard and mouse controller.

Serial/Parallel Communications Ports

The 9-pin serial ports (whose pin layouts are depicted on page 114) support RS-232-C and are buffered by 16550A UARTs, with 16-byte FIFOs. You can program them as COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4, or you can disable them.

The 25-pin parallel port (also depicted on page 115) is Centronics compatible, supporting IEEE 1284. You can program the port as LPT1, LPT2, or you can disable it. It can operate in the following modes:

FirmWare Hardware

(FWH) 82802

Super I/O

Device Index Data

2Eh 2Fh

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System Board

Input/output Controller Hub 2 (82801BA)

• Standard mode (PC/XT, PC/AT, and PS/2 compatible).

• Bidirectional mode (PC/XT, PC/AT, and PS/2 compatible).

• Enhanced mode (enhanced parallel port, EPP, compatible).

• High-speed mode (MS/HP extended capabilities port, ECP, compatible).

FDC

The integrated ﬂoppy disk controller (FDC) supports any combination of two of the following: tape drives, 3.5-inch ﬂexible disk drives, 5.25-inch ﬂexible disk drives. It is software- and register-compatible with the 82077AA, and IBM-compatible. It has an A and B drive-swapping capability and a non-burst DMA option.

Keyboard And Mouse Controller

The computer has an 8042-based keyboard and mouse controller. See page 113 for connector pin layouts.

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System Board

FirmWare Hub (82802AB)

The FWH (also known as ﬂash memory) is connected to the LPC bus. It contains 4Mbit (512KB) of ﬂash memory.

The hardware features of the FWH include:

• Random Number Generator (RNG)

• Five General Purpose Inputs (GPI)

• Register-based block locking

• Hardware-based locking

An integrated combination of logic features and nonvolatile memory:

• Enables better protection for the storage and update of system code and data.

• Adds ﬂexibility through additional GPIs.

• Allows for quicker introduction of security/manageability features.

The following table outlines the available FWH features

Feature Feature

• Platform compatibility: — Enables security-enhanced platform

infrastructure

— Part of the Intel I840 chipset

• FWH interface mode: — Five signal communication interface supporting

x8 reads and writes

— Register-basedread and write protection foreach

code/data storage blocks

— Five additional GPIs for system design and

ﬂexibility

— A hardware RNG — Integrated Command User Interface (CUI) for

requesting access to locking, programming, and erasing options. Also handles requests for data residing in status, ID, and block lock registers.

— Operates with 33MHz PCI clock and 3.3V I/O

• A/A Mux Interface/Mode, supporting:

• Two conﬁgurable interfaces: — FWH interface for system operation

— Address/Address Multiplexed (A/A Mux)

interface

• 4Mbits of ﬂash memory for system code/data

nonvolatile storage:

— Symmetrically blocked, 64KB memory

sections

— Automated byte program and block erase

through an integrated Write State Machine (WSM)

• Power supply speciﬁcations:

— 11-pin multiplexed address and 8-pin data I/O

interface

— Fast on-board or out-of-system programming

— Vcc: 3.3V +/- 0.3V — Vpp: 3.3V and 12V for fast programming,

80ns

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Feature Feature

System Board

FirmWare Hub (82802AB)

• Industry standard packages: — 40L TSOP or 32L PLCC

The FWH includes two hardware interfaces:

• FWH interface

• A/A Mux interface The Interface Conﬁguration (IC) pin on the FWH provides the control between these

interfaces. You must select the interface mode prior to power-up or before return from reset (RST# or INIT# low to high transition).

The FWH interface works with the ICH2 during system operation, while the A/A Mux interface is designed as a programming interface for component preprogramming.

An internal CUI serves as the control center between the FWH and A/A Mux interfaces, and internal operation of the nonvolatile memory. A valid command sequence written to the CUI initiates device automation. An internal WSM automatically executes the algorithms and timings necessary for block erase and program operations.

• Case temperature operating range

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System Board

System Bus

The system bus of the Pentium IV processor is implemented in the Gunning Transceiver Logic (GTL)+ technology. This technology features open-drain signal drivers that are pulled up through resistors at bus extremities to the operating voltage of the processor core. These resistors also act as bus terminators and are integrated in the processor and in the 82850 MCH.

Figure 2-14 The System Bus

Address (32) Control

Data (64)

1.5V AGP

Pro

Connector

Socket 423

AGP 4x Bus

(133MHz (1GB/sec data transfer rate)

Intel Pentium IV

Processor

850

Memory

Controller Hub

(MCH)

82850

HUB LINK 8

(266MB/s

data transfer

rate)

I/O Controller Hub

(ICH) 82801AA

Dual Rambus channel

3.2GB/s at 400MHz data transfer rate)

100MHz two-way system bus (data busruns at 4 x 100MHz, 3.2GB/s transfer rate)

4 onboard RIMM sockets supporting RDRAM memory

The supported operating frequency of the GTL+ bus for the Pentium IV is 100MHz. The width of the data bus is 64 bits, whereas the width of the address is 32 bits. Data bus transfers occur at four times the system bus, at 400MHz. Along with the operating frequencies, the processor voltage is set automatically.

The control signals of the system bus allow the implementation of a “split -transaction” bus protocol. This allows the Pentium IV processor to send its request (for example, for the contents of a given memory address) and release the bus, rather than waiting for the result. Therefore, processor can accept another request. The MCH, as the target device, then requests the bus again when it is ready to respond, and sends the requested data packet. As many as four transactions can be outstanding at any given time.

Intel Pentium IV Processor

The Pentium IV processor has several features that enhance performance:

• Data bus frequency of 400MHz

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System Board

System Bus

• Dual independent bus architecture, which combines a dedicated 64-bit Level 2 cache bus (supporting 256KB), plus a 64-bit system bus that enables multiple simultaneous transactions

• MMX2 technology, which gives higher performance for media communications, and 3D applications

• Dynamic execution to speed up software performance

• Internet Streaming SIMD Extensions 2 (SSE2) for enhanced ﬂoating point and 3D application performance

• Uses multiple low-power states, such as AutoHALT, Stop-Grant, Sleep, and Deep Sleep to conserve power during idle times

The Pentium IV processor is packaged in a pin grid array (PGA) that ﬁts into a PGA423 socket (423-pin Zero Insertion Force—ZIF—socket).

Processor Clock

The 100MHz system bus clock is provided by a PLL. The processor core clock is derived from the system bus by applying a ratio. This ratio is ﬁxed in the processor. The processor then applies this ratio to the system bus clock to generate its CPU core frequency.

Bus Frequencies

The system board contains a 14.318MHz crystal oscillator. This frequency is multiplied to 133MHz by a phase-locked loop. An internal clock multiplier within the processor further scales this number.

The bus frequency and the processor voltage are set automatically.

Voltage Regulation Module (VRM)

One VRM is integrated on the system board, complying with VRM speciﬁcation 9.0. The system supports high-current and low-voltage processors.

The processor requires a dedicated power voltage to supply the CPU core and Level 2 cache. The processor codes through Voltage Identiﬁcation (VID) pins with a required voltage level of 1.30V to 2.05V. The VID set is decoded by the VRM on the system board that in return supplies the required power voltage to the processor. Note, however, that voltage may vary from one processor model to another.

Cache Memory

The Pentium IV integrates the following cache memories on the same die as the processor cache:

• A trace instruction and Level 1 data cache. The trace cache is 4-way set associative.

• A 256KB Level 2 cache. The Level 2 cache is 8-way associative.

Chapter 2

Intel sets the amount of cache memory at the time of manufacture. You can’t change the value.

Page 60

System Board

Assigned Device Interrupts

I/o Controller Hub Interrupts

Device

AC’97 audio controller

USB controller AGP slot PCI 32-bit slot #1

PCI 32-bit slot #2

PCI 32-bit slot #5 (LAN card)

Reference

Name

CS4280 4

— — — — A — — — J34 — 0 16 A B — — J37 1

J38 0

J42 5

PCI 64-bit Hub Interrupts

Device

Ultra-Wide SCSI U160 controller

Reference

Name

AIC-7892 2(P64H) 9 25 — — — — — — — — A

REQ/

GNT

(ICH2)

REQ/G

IDSEL

AD[xx]

5 21 — A — —

6 22 C D A B

8 24 A B C D

11 27 B C D A

Chip-set Interrupt Connection

INTA INTB INTC INTD

IDSEL

AD[xx]

Interrupt Requests (IRQ)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

PCI 32-bit slot #3 PCI 32-bit slot #4

J39 1 (P64H) 4 20 — — — — A B C D — J40 0 (P64H) 7 23 A B C D — — — — —

Interrupt Controllers

The system has an interrupt controller that is equivalent in function to that of two 82C59 interrupt controllers. The following table shows how the interrupts are connected to the APIC controller. The IRQs are numbered sequentially, starting with the master controller, and followed by the slave (both of 82C59 type).

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System Board

Assigned Device Interrupts

Although you can use the Setup program to change some of the settings, the following address map isn’t completely BIOS dependent but is determined partly by the operating system. Note that some of the interrupts are allocated dynamically.

APIC Controller Interrupt Signalling on

Interrupt Source

of device Input

INTA - PCI slot 3 (32/33) P64H IRQ0 BT_INT APIC bus INTB - PCI slot 3 (32/33) P64H IRQ1 BT_INT APIC bus INTC - PCI slot 3 (32/33) P64H IRQ2 BT_INT APIC bus INTD - PCI slot 3 (32/33) P64H IRQ3 BT_INT APIC bus INTA - PCI slot 4 (32/33) P64H IRQ4 BT_INT APIC bus INTB - PCI slot 4 (32/33) P64H IRQ5 BT_INT APIC bus INTC - PCI slot 4 (32/33) P64H IRQ6 BT_INT APIC bus INTD - PCI slot 4 (32/33) P64H IRQ7 BT_INT APIC bus INTA - onboard SCSI controller P64H IRQ8 BT_INT APIC bus AGP - INTA,PCI Slot 1 - INTC,PCI

Slot 2 - INTA, PCI Slot 5 - INTB PCI Audio-INTA, AGP -INTB, PCI

Slot 1 - INTD, PCI Slot 2 - INTB, PCI Slot 5 - INTC

BT_INT, PCI Slot 1 - INTA, PCI Slot 2 - INTC, PCI Slot 5 - INTD

USB - INTA,PCI Slot 1 - INTB,PCI Slot 2 - INTD, PCI Slot 5 - INTA

Device on Primary IDE Channel ICH2 IRQ14 INT APIC bus Device on Secondary IDE Channel ICH2 IRQ15 INT APIC bus Serial Interrupt from Super I/O ICH2 SERIRQ INT APIC bus

ICH2 INTA INT APIC bus

ICH2 INTB INT APIC bus

ICH2 INTC INT APIC bus

ICH2 INTD INT APIC bus

(PIC

mode)

(APIC

modes)

a. In PIC mode, the interrupts signaled to the P64H are chained as INTC to the ICH2.

Three major interrupt modes are available:

• PIC mode: This mode uses only legacy interrupt controllers, so only one processor can be supported. Because this system has dual-processor capability, Windows NT doesn’t choose this mode as the default. However, during Windows NT installation, you can select this mode.

• Virtual wire mode: This mode is implemented with APIC controllers in the ICH2 and P64H and used during boot time. The virtual wire mode allows the transition to the symmetric I/O mode. In the virtual wire mode, only one processor executes instructions.

• Symmetric I/O mode: This mode is implemented with APIC controllers in the ICH2 and P64H and allows for multiple processor operations.

NOTE In PIC mode and virtual wire mode, PCI interrupts are routed to the INT line. In

symmetric I/O mode, PCI interrupts are routed to the I/O APIC controllers and forwarded over an APIC bus to the processors.

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System Board

Assigned Device Interrupts

PCI IRQ Lines

PCI devices generate IRQs using up to four PCI IRQ lines (INTA#, INTB#, INTC#, and INTD#).

PCI interrupts can be shared; several devices can use the same interrupt. However, optimal system performance is reached when minimizing the sharing of interrupts. Refer to page 60 for a table of the PCI device interrupts.

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3 System BIOS

Chapter 3

Page 64

System BIOS

Overview

This chapter summarizes the HP Workstation x2100’s Setup program and BIOS. Chapter 4, “Tests And Error Messages,” describes the POST routines.

The BIOS is based on the core Phoenix BIOS, which includes 4Mbits of ﬂash memory, support for PCI Speciﬁcation 2.2, suspend to RAM, and RIMM or DIMM memory modules.

The BIOS includes a boot ROM for the 3COM 3C905C and HP LAN cards. The system ROM contains the Power-On Self-Test (POST) routines and the BIOS: the

system BIOS, video BIOS, and low-option ROM. This chapter (and Chapter 4) gives an overview of the following:

• Menu-driven Setup with context-sensitive help.

• The address space, with details of the interrupts used.

• POST routines, which are a sequence of tests the computer performs to ensure that the system is functioning correctly. See Chapter 4 for information.

The system BIOS is identiﬁed by the version number IY.WM, where:

• IY is a two-letter code indicating that it is for the x2100.

• W is a one-digit code indicating the HP entity.

• JG.W1.01US is the major BIOS version.

An example of a released version would look similar to the following: JG.W1.01US. See page 70 for the procedure for updating the system ROM ﬁrmware.

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Using The HP Setup program

Torun the Setup program, press F2 while the initial HP logo displays, immediately after restarting the workstation.

Alternatively, press Esc to view the summary conﬁguration screen. By default, this screen displays for 15 seconds, but pressing any key stops this delay.

The band at the top of the Setup screen offers the following menus: Main, Advanced, Security, Boot, Power, and Exit. Use the left and right arrow keys to select these menus.

The following screens are examples of a BIOS conﬁguration.

Main Screen

The Main Screen shows a list of ﬁelds. To change a value press F7 or F8.

PhoenixBIOS Setup Utility

Main Advanced Security Boot Power Exit

Item-Speciﬁc Help

BIOS Version: IC.11.02 . PnP OS [No]

Reset Conﬁguration Data: [No]

System BIOS

Overview

System Time: [14:42:33] System Date: [02/08/2000]

Key Click: [Disabled] Keyboard auto-repeat rate speed: [21.8 per Second] Delay before auto-repeat: [0.50

Numlock at Power-on: [On]

F1 Help ↑↓Select Item F7/F8 Change Values F9 Setup ESC Exit ←→Select Menu Enter Select > Submenu F10 Previous

Second]

Defaults Values

Advanced Screen

The Advanced Screen doesn’t have the same structure as the Main Screen and Power Screen. Instead of presenting a list of ﬁelds, it offers a list of submenus.

Advanced users use the Advanced Screen to carry out special system conﬁgurations.

Main Advanced Security Boot Power Exit

Item-Speciﬁc Help

>> Processors, Memory, and Cache . >> Floppy Disk Drives >> IDE Devices >> Integrated USB Interface >> Integrated I/O Ports >> Integrated Audio Device >> AGP Conﬁguration (Video) >> PCI Device, slot #1 >> PCI Device, slot #2 >> PCI Device, slot #3 >> PCI Device, slot #4 >> PCI Device, slot #5 >> Integrated LAN

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System BIOS

Overview

Processors, Memory And Cache

Advanced

Processors, Memory, and Cache Item-Speciﬁc Help

Processor Type Pentium (R) 4 CPU Speed 1500MHz

Microcode update version [F24/4] Memory Caching [Enabled]

Memory Error Checking

[ECC]

a. Only if the system detects ECC modules.

Floppy Disk Drives

Advanced

Floppy Disk Drives Item-Speciﬁc Help

Floppy Disk Controller [Enabled] Floppy Disk Drive A [1.44, 3 ”] Floppy Disk Drive B [Not installed]

IDE Devices

Advanced

IDE Devices Item-Speciﬁc Help

>> IDE Primary Master Device [None] >> IDE Primary Slave Device [None]

>> IDE Secondary Master Device [None] >> IDE Secondary Slave Device [None]

>> Large Disk Access Method [NT/DOS] >> Integrated IDE Controller [Both Enabled]

IDE Primary Master Device

Advanced

IDE Primary Master Device (HD 2564) Item-Speciﬁc Help

Type Multisector transfer LBA Mode Control 32 bit I/O Transfer Mode

ULTRA DMA Mode

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Page 67

Integrated USB Interface

Advanced

Integrated USB Interface Item-Speciﬁc Help

USB Controller [Auto] Legacy Keyboard Emulation [Disabled]

Integrated I/O Ports

Advanced

Integrated I/O Ports Item-Speciﬁc Help

Parallel Port [Auto] Parallel Port Mode [ECP] Serial Port A [Auto] Serial Port B [Auto]

Integrated Audio Device

System BIOS

Overview

Advanced

Integrated Audio Device Item-Speciﬁc Help

Integrated Audio [Enabled]

AGP Conﬁguration (Video)

Advanced

AGP Conﬁguration (Video) Item-Speciﬁc Help

Graphic Aperture [64MB]

PCI Device, Slot #1

Advanced

PCI Device, Slot 1

Option ROM Scan [Auto] Bus Master [Disabled] Bus Latency Timer [0040h]

a. PCI Slot #x have the same options as above. PCI Device, Slot 1 is only

an example.

Item-Speciﬁc Help

Chapter 3

Page 68

System BIOS

Overview

Integrated LAN

Advanced

Integrated LAN Item-Speciﬁc Help

Integrated Network: [Enabled] Option ROM Scan [Enabled] Bus Master [Disabled] Bus Latency Timer [0020h]

Security Screen

Submenus let you change the characteristics and values of the:

• systems administrator password

• user password

• power-on password

• boot device security

• hardware protection

Main Advanced Security Boot Power Exit

Item-Speciﬁc Help

Administrator Password Clear . Set Administrator Password [Enter] Clear Both Passwords [Enter]

User Password Clear Set User Password [Enter]

Power-on Password [Disabled] Start from Floppy [Enabled]

Start from CD-ROM [Enabled] Start from HDD [Enabled]

>> Hardware Protection

Hardware Protection

Write on Floppy Disks

Secured Setup Conﬁguration

Hard Disk Boot Sector [Unlocked]

Security

Hardware Protection

[Unlocked]

[No]

Item-Speciﬁc

Help

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Page 69

System BIOS

Overview

Boot Screen

This screen lets you select the order of the devices in which you want the BIOS to attempt to boot the operating system:

• Hard disk drives

• Removable devices

The operating system assigns drive letters to these devices in the order that you specify. During POST, if the BIOS unsuccessfully boots from one device, it attempts to boot from the next device on the Boot Device Priority list until it ﬁnds an operating system.

Main Advanced Security Boot Power Exit

Item-Speciﬁc Help

Quickboot Mode [Enabled] Display Option ROM Messages [Enabled]

> Boot Device Priority

Power Screen

This screen lets you set the Standby Delay and Suspend Delay modes. Standby mode slows down the processor, whereas Suspend mode saves energy. These options are available only with Windows 95 RTM. For other operating systems (for example, Windows 95 SR 2.5, Windows 98, and Windows 2000), use the control panel for similar options.

Modem Ring enables or disables the system’s ability to return to full speed after an Interrupt Request (IRQ) is generated. Network Interface enables or disables the system’s ability to return to full speed after the network interface receives a speciﬁc command.

Main Advanced Security Boot Power Exit

Item-Speciﬁc Help

Standby Delay [Disabled] Suspend Delay [Disabled]

Suspend Wakeup Modem Ring [Enabled] Network Interface [Enabled]

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Page 70

System BIOS

Updating The System BIOS

You can download the latest system BIOS (standard ﬂash operation) from HP’s Web site at www.hp.com/go/workstationsupport. After accessing the site, select HP x2100

Workstation

Instructions for updating the BIOS accompany the downloaded BIOS ﬁles and a BIOS ﬂash utility (ﬂash.txt).

The BIOS update not only ﬂashes the BIOS but also updates MaxiLife. Figure 3-1 shows how the system BIOS ﬂash operates.

Figure 3-1 System BIOS Flash Process

Boot from ﬂoppy disk

CAUTION Don’t turn off the computer until the system BIOS update procedure has completed,

successfully or not; otherwise, irrecoverable damage to the ROM might occur.

Flash BIOS

Reboot Workstation (press a key)

Flash MaxiLife

Workstation powers off automaticall

Workstation powers on automaticall

Workstation Boots

Restoring BIOS Default Settings

BIOS and conﬁguration issues may cause suspected hardware errors. If the BIOS settings are wrong, perform the following steps to restore the BIOS to its default setting:

1. ToaccesstheSetupprogram,press F2 while the initial HP logo displays immediately after restarting the workstation.

2. Press F9 to load the default settings from the Setup program.

3. In the main menu, set the Reset Conﬁguration Data to Yes. Take note of the system setup before you make any modiﬁcations to the BIOS.

If You Forget The Administrator Password

1. Turn off the workstation, disconnect the power cord and all cables, then remove the cover.

2. Set switch 9 on the system board switch block to ON.

3. Replace the power cord, and restart the workstation.

4. When the Passwords have been cleared message appears, turn off the workstation.

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System BIOS

Updating The System BIOS

5. Remove the power cord, and reset switch 9 back to OFF.

6. Replace the workstation’s cover, turn on the workstation, and let it complete its startup routine.

7. After POST completes, press F2 when prompted to use the Setup program.

8. Set the administrator and new user passwords.

9. To save the new password and exit Setup, press Esc or select Exit Menu.

Clearing The CMOS

1. Turn off the workstation, disconnect the power cord and all cables, then remove the cover.

2. Set the system board switch 8 to ON.

3. Replace the cover, and reconnect the power cord and video cable.

4. Reboot the workstation. A message similar to the following will appear:

“Configuration has been cleared, set switch Clear to the ON position before rebooting.”

5. Turn off the workstation, disconnect the power cord and video cable, and remove the cover.

6. Set the system board switch 8 to OFF.

7. Replace the cover, and reconnect the power cord and data cables.

8. Turn on the workstation. Press F2 to run Setup, then press F9. The system automatically downloads and saves the CMOS default values.

9. To save the conﬁguration and exit Setup, press Esc .

Recovering The BIOS (Crisis Mode)

If the BIOS is corrupted and you can’t use the standard ﬂash, use the BIOS Recovery Mode (exceptional BIOS recovery operation) to restore the BIOS.

1. Obtain a bootable DOS ﬂoppy disk.

2. Copy the BIOS ﬁles onto the ﬂoppy disk. For information about how to download the system BIOS, see page 70.

3. Create (or edit) the autoexec.bat ﬁle, which should contain the following line of text: “phlash /c /mode=3 /s IY.W1.XX.FUL” (Rename the BIOS ﬁlename with the ﬁlename on the ﬂoppy disk.)

4. Turn off the workstation, disconnect the power cord, and remove the cover.

5. Set switch 7 to ON.

Chapter 3

6. Insert the ﬂoppy disk into the ﬂoppy disk drive.

7. Reconnect the power cord, and turn on the workstation.

8. The workstation boots from the ﬂoppy disk, then ﬂashes the BIOS. During the ﬂash process, the screen remains blank. When you hear one long beep, the recovery process is ﬁnished.

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System BIOS

Updating The System BIOS

9. Turn off the workstation. Remove the ﬂoppy disk from the drive. Remove the power cord.

10. Set switch 7 back to OFF.

11. Replace the cover, reconnect the power cord, then reboot the workstation.

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Page 73

System BIOS

BIOS Addresses

This section provides a summary of the main features of the HP system BIOS. This is software that provides an interface between the computer hardware and the operating system. For the procedure to update the system ROM ﬁrmware, see page 70.

System Memory Map

Reserved memory that accessory boards use must reside in the area from C8000h to EFFFFh.

0000 0000 - 0000 03FF Real-mode IDT 0000 0400 - 0000 04FF BIOS data area 0000 0500 - 0009 FC00 Used by operating system 0009 FC00 - 0009 FFFF Extended BIOS data area 000A_0000 - 000B_FFFF VideoRAMor SMRAM (not visible unless

in SMM) 000C 0000 - 000C 7FFF Video ROM (VGA ROM) 000C 8000 - 000F FFFF Adapter ROM, RAM, memory-mapped

registers, BIOS 000E 0000-000F FFFF 128KB BIOS (Flash/Shadow) 0001 0000-000F FFFF Memory (1MB to 16MB) 0010 0000-001F FFFF Memory (16MB to 32MB) 0020 0000-003F FFFF Memory (32MB to 64MB) 0040 0000-007F FFFF Memory (64MB to 128MB) 0080 0000-7FFF FFFF Memory (128MB to 2GB) FECO 0000 I/O APIC FEEO 0000 Local APIC (each CPU) FFF8 0000-FFFF FFFF 512KB BIOS (Flash)

HP I/O Port Map (I/O Addresses Used By The System, if conﬁgured)

You access peripheral devices, accessory devices, and system controllers through the system I/O space, which isn’t located in system memory space. The 64KB of addressable I/O space comprises 8-bit and 16-bit registers (called I/O ports) located in the various

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System BIOS

BIOS Addresses

system components. When you install an accessory board, ensure that the selected I/O address space is in the free area of the space reserved for accessory boards (100h to 3FFh).

Default Values for I/O Address Ports

0000 - 0CF7 DMA controller 1 0020 - 0021 Master interrupt controller (8259) 002E - 002F Super I/O 0040 - 0043 Timer 1 0060, 0064 Keyboard controller (reset, slow A20) 0061 Port B (speaker, NMI status, and control) 0070 Bit 7: NMI mask register 0070 - 0071 RTC and CMOS 0080 Manufacturing port (POST card) 0081 - 0083, 008F DMA low page register 0092 PS/2 reset and Fast A20 00A0 - 00A1 Slave interrupt controller 00C0 - 00DF DMA controller 2 00F0 - 00FF Coprocessor error 0170 - 0177 Free (IDE secondary channel) 01F0 - 01F7 IDE primary channel 0278 - 027F LPT 2 02E8 - 02EF Serial port 4 (COM4) 02F8 - 02FF Serial port 2 (COM2) 0372 - 0377 Free (IDE secondary channel, secondary ﬂoppy disk

0378 - 037F LPT1 03B0 - 03DF VGA 03E8 - 03EF COM3 03F0 - 03F5 Floppy disk drive controller 03F6 IDE primary channel 03F7 Floppy disk drive controller 03F8 - 03FF COM1 04D0 - 04D1 Interrupt edge/level control 0778 - 077F LPT1 ECP 0CF8 - 0CFF PCI conﬁguration space C000 - Power management I/O space and ACPI registers C100 - C10F SMBus I/O space

Function

drive)

DMA Channel Controllers

The system permits only I/O-to-memory and memory-to-I/O transfers. The hardware conﬁguration doesn’t allow I/O-to-I/O or memory-to-memory transfers.

The system controller supports seven DMA channels, each with a page register that extends the channel’s addressing range to 16MB.

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System BIOS

BIOS Addresses

The following table shows how the system allocates DMA channels.

DMA controller

Channel Function

DMA 0 Free DMA 1 Free if not used for parallel port in Setup DMA 2 Floppy disk drive controller DMA 3 Free if not used for parallel port in Setup DMA 4 Used to cascade DMA channels 0-3 DMA 5 Free DMA 6 Free DMA 7 Free

Interrupt Controllers

The system’s interrupt controller is equivalent in function to two 82C59 interrupt controllers. The following table shows how the interrupts are connected to the APIC controller. The IRQs are numbered sequentially, starting with the master controller and followed by the slave (both of 82C59 type).

I/O APIC Input IRQ IRQ Description INTIN0 ICH INTIN1 IRQ1 Super I/O keyboard controller INTIN2 IRQ0 ICH system timer INTIN3 IRQ3 Super I/O - Used by serial port if enabled INTIN4 IRQ4 Super I/O - Used by serial port if enabled INTIN5 IRQ5 Free if not used for parallel port or audio INTIN6 IRQ6 Super I/O - ﬂoppy disk controller INTIN7 IRQ7 Super I/O - LPT1 INTIN8 IRQ8 ICH - RTC INTIN9 IRQ9 Available for PCI devices INTIN10 IRQ10 Available for PCI devices INTIN11 IRQ11 Available for PCI devices INTIN12 IRQ12 Super I/O - mouse INTIN13 IRQ13 Coprocessor INTIN14 IRQ14 ICH - Integrated IDE Controller (primary) INTIN15 IRQ15 ICH - Integrated IDE Controller (secondary) INTIN16 PCINTA INTIN17 PCINTB

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System BIOS

BIOS Addresses

I/O APIC Input IRQ IRQ Description INTIN18 PCINTC INTIN19 PCINTD INTIN20 TFPC IRQ INTIN21 SCI IRQ INTIN22 not

connected

INTIN23 ICH SMI

(not used)

Three major interrupt modes are available:

• PIC mode: This mode uses only legacy interrupt controllers, so the system can support only one processor. You can select this mode when you install Windows NT.

• Virtual wire mode: This mode, which is implemented using the 82C59 interrupt and the I/O APIC controller, is used during boot time. The virtual wire mode allows the transition to the symmetric I/O mode. In the virtual wire mode, only one processor executes operations.

• Symmetric I/O mode: This mode is implemented using the I/O APIC controller and allows for multiple processor operations.

NOTE In PIC mode and virtual wire mode, PCI interrupts are routed to the INT line. In

symmetric I/O mode, PCI interrupts are routed to the I/O APIC controllers and forwarded over an APIC bus to the processors.

PCI IRQ Lines

PCI devices generate IRQs using up to four PCI IRQ lines (INTA#, INTB#, INTC#, and INTD#).

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4 Tests And Error Messages

This chapter describes:

• MaxiLife ﬁrmware test sequences and error messages

• Preboot diagnostics error codes

• Power-On Self-Test (POST) routines, which the computer’s ROM BIOS contains

• Error messages and suggestions for corrective action

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Tests And Error Messages

MaxiLife Test Sequence And Error Messages

When you turn on the workstation, the system initiates the normal startup sequence, which consists of the following steps:

• Basic preboot diagnostics

• BIOS launch

• POST phase

• Operating system boot phase

If the system detects any errors during the startup sequence, MaxiLife won’t necessarily freeze the system. However, some critical hardware errors are fatal to the system and prevent the system from starting. (For example, CPU socket and power supply malfunctions can prevent the system from working.)

The system detects non-crucial errors both during preboot diagnostics and POST, in which the BIOS boot process returns an error code. The system detects some errors only during POST sequence; these errors produce the same process.

Finally, while the workstation is working, the system can report fan and temperature controls. (For example, the system can report a fan error if a fan cable is disconnected.) This type of error disappears as soon as you ﬁx the problem (for example, reconnect the fan cable).

The next sections describe the different diagnostics.

Basic Pre-boot Diagnostics

The ﬁrst diagnostic, called basic preboot diagnostics, runs to check the presence of the processors or terminators, power supply, hardware monitoring, and thermal sensors. If you have a power cord connected to the workstation, the basic preboot diagnostics are activated.

The preboot diagnostic tests run in order of priority, according to their importance to computer functions.

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On the HP Workstation x2100, the ﬁrst detected error displays a message on the LCD status panel. If an error occurs, one of the following screens displays.

Figure 4-1 Possible Error Messages

Presence of processor

Tests And Error Messages

MaxiLife Test Sequence And Error Messages

Control of some voltages: 12V, 3.3V, 1.8V, 2.5V, -5V

ERROR

CPU Socket

Missing or incorrectly installed processor

Figure 4-2 shows how the preboot diagnostics work when an error occurs.

Figure 4-2 Preboot Diagnostics Error

Vcc State (5V)

MaxiLife Firmware

Hardware

Monitoring

LCD Status Panel

ERROR

CPU Socket

ERROR

Power Supply

If a power supply error occurs, a cause could reside in the power supply cabling or circuits

CPU or Terminator Voltage 12V, 3.3V, 1.8V, 2.5V

Voltage CPU1

I2C Bus

Temperature

Sensors

An error has been detected when checking the processor. The displayed error message could indicate a missing or incorrectly connected processor.

System Memory

Table 4-1

Chapter 4

The following table shows the test sequence carried out, the type of error message, and the action to take.

Test Error Code Beep Codes Action to Take

Presence a processor CPU socket 1 Check that the processor and

correctly installed

Control of some voltages: 12V,

3.3V, 1.8V, 2.5V Check the hardware monitoring No HW monitoring System board problem Check thermal sensor Therm. sensor 90 System board problem Check thermal sensor Therm. sensor 92 System board problem

Power supply 2 Check the power supply cable

and connectors, and processor

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Tests And Error Messages

MaxiLife Test Sequence And Error Messages

Pre-boot Diagnostics Error Codes

When a failure occurs prior to the operating system loading, the workstation beeps three times, then begins a series of beeps. These beeps identify the part that needs troubleshooting or replacement.

Number of beeps Problem

1 Absent or incorrectly connected processor 2 Power supply is in protected mode 3 Memory modules not present, incompatible, or not functioning 4 Video controller failure 5 PnP/PCI initialization failure 6 Corrupted BIOS; you need to activate crisis-recovery procedure 7 System board failure

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POST Sequence And POST Error

In this phase, MaxiLife waits for any error messages that the BIOS may issue. If such an error occurs, an error code appears on the monitor screen.

On the HP Workstation x2100, a screen similar to Figure 4-3 displays. The error code that appears on the LCD status panel is the same as the one that appears on the monitor screen. If the POST issues several error codes, only the last one is visible on the LCD status panel.

Figure 4-3 POST Sequence and POST Error

ERROR

Keyboard Test

Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5 show the different BIOS-generated errors.

Tests And Error Messages

POST Sequence And POST Error

Figure 4-4 BIOS-generated Errors

“BIOS” ERROR

BIOS

“read system memory”

Figure 4-5 BIOS-generated Errors

“BIOS”-Generated Errors

BIOS

Video Slots

Table 4-2

“No Video”

MaxiLife “Spy System Memory”

System Memory

MaxiLife

Beep Codes

A time-out of three seconds occurs before the message appears on the LCD status panel and video display

ERROR

BIOS Check sum

LCD Status Panel

ERROR

No Video

LCD Status Panel

Chapter 4

Test Error Code Beep Codes Action to Take

Incompatible memory modules Mem miscompare 3 Check that the memory

modules are of the same speed and type

Page 82

Tests And Error Messages

POST Sequence And POST Error

Table 4-2 (Continued)

Test Error Code Beep Codes Action to Take

Presence ofcontinuity modules in the RIMM sockets

Compatibility speed rating of installed RDRAM modules

Compatibility of installed RDRAM modules

Presence of memory modules No RIMM 3 Check that the memory

Availability of video controller is checked by the BIOS. If an error is detected, and it isn’t a fatal error, the BIOS continues its execution normally.

RIMM continuity 3 Check that the RDRAM

continuity modules are installed

RIMM speed 3 Check that the installed

RDRAM modules have the same speed ratings

RIMM devices 3 The 32-device limit per

RDRAM has been exceeded

modules are correctly installed

No video 4 Check that the video controller

is correctly installed Note: No error is detected if a

monitor isn’t connected to an installed video controller. This isn’t a fatal error, and the BIOS continues its normal execution.

Operating System Boot Phase

If no error message appears at this stage of the system startup, the operating system launches. The LCD status panel displays the system platform and a smiling icon.

Run-time Errors

During the normal usage of the workstation (and at boot), MaxiLife continually monitors vital system parameters. These include: temperature errors, fan malfunctions, power voltage drops and CPU problems.

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Table 4-3

Tests And Error Messages

POST Sequence And POST Error

Test Error Code Action to Take

During normal usage, HP MaxiLife continually checks vital system parameters. If an error occurs, a message appears on the LCD panel.

System FAN System or chassis fan, fan cable PCI FAN PCI fan, fan cable CPU 1 FAN CPU fan, fan cable CPU Throttle Processor frequency has been lowered to

prevent over temp errors

CPU Shutdown Processor has undergone an internal error

(IERR) or the processor temperaturehasrisen

too quickly for CPU Throttle to be effective. PCI temperature Ambient or PCI temperature > 64˚C Disk temperature Disk temperature > 58˚C, or sensor unplugged PSU 12 V error Power supply unit failed. Try the following: Power CPU error PSU 3V3 error

• Replace the power supply unit with a

known working one

• If theproblem persists, replacethe system

PSU 2V5 error PSU 1V8 error PSU -5V error

board

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Tests And Error Messages

Main Menu

The main menu appears when you press any of the LCD buttons. (You can access the MaxiLife LCD status panel even when the workstation is powered off.) The main menu consists of three submenus:

• System Info

• Boot Steps

• Boot Report

system info

Obtains information from the BIOS and the system’s serial EEPROM. This information includes:

• Product name

• BIOS version

• Serial number

• Speed of processor

• Size of memory for each socket Figure 4-6 shows how the System Info obtains its information.

Figure 4-6 System Information

System Info strings in EEPROM

BIOS

DMI Table

Write

MaxiLife

HP x2100

Info Services

LCD Status Panel

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Boot Steps

Shows the POST codes during system startup. The BIOS provides the POST code, which appears on the LCD panel as soon as it is available. If the system stops during startup, the last successful boot-step POST code appears on the LCD. When you select Boot Steps, the POST step appears on the LCD status panel during the subsequent boot processes.

To ensure that MaxiLife is ready to display the ﬁrst POST codes as soon as possible, the preboot diagnostics aren’t executed when the system is booted with the Boot Steps option selected. Figure 4-7 shows how Boot Steps obtains its information from the BIOS, then displays a POST error if necessary.

Figure 4-7 Boot Steps

Tests And Error Messages

Main Menu

System Info

Boot Steps

Next Ok

This is a toggle item, which is indicatedwith a check mark

“Write POST Code”

MaxiLife

BIOS

“Write POST ERROR”

HP x2100

Post Code 24

Error

Post Code XX

Boot Report

Runs a set of diagnostics that assess the system’s components. Results of the tests appear on the LCD status panel, one after another, when you press the LCD

buttons. Components are tested in sequence when the you press the Next button. When all

components have been checked, a diagnostic screen appears. Depending on the result of the diagnostics, the screen could indicate either Diagnostics Done OK or FAIL.

At the end of the test, you can exit the diagnostic mode by pressing the LCD button. For more information about MaxiLife, refer to Chapter 7 “troubleshooting your hp

workstation x2100.”

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Tests And Error Messages

Order In Which POSTs Occur

The POST executes each time the system is powered on or a reset is performed. The POST process veriﬁes the basic functionality of the system components and initializes certain system parameters.

The POST starts by displaying a graphic screen of the HP PC Workstation’s logo when you restart the system. If you want to view the POST details, press Esc to access the HP Summary Screen.

If the POST detects an error, the screen switches to text mode and a detailed error message appears on a View System Errors screen. On this screen, the error message utility (EMU) not only displays the error diagnosis but suggests corrective action. (Refer to page 93 for a brief summary.)

On the HP Workstation x2100, the LCD status panel displays either a message, a POST code number (refer to Table 4-4), or an EMU code.

Devices such as memory and newly installed hard disks are conﬁgured automatically. You don’t need to conﬁrm the change.

During the POST, the system copies BIOS and other ROM data into high-speed shadow RAM. The shadow RAM is addressed at the same physical location as the original ROM in a manner that is completely transparent to applications. Therefore, shadow RAM appears to behave as very fast ROM. This technique provides faster access to the system BIOS ﬁrmware.

Table 4-4 lists the POST checkpoint codes and their associated beeps. See page 81 for more details about preboot diagnostics error codes.

Table 4-4 POST Checkpoint Codes

Checkpoint

Code

02h Verify real mode 03h Disable Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI) 04h Get CPU type 06h Initialize system hardware 08h Initialize chipset with initial POST values 09h Set IN POST ﬂag POST Start 0Ah Initialize CPU registers CPU Regist. Init 0Bh Enable CPU cache

POST Routine Description

MaxiLife LCD

Display Message

Beep

Codes

0Ch Initialize caches to initial POST values 0Eh Initialize I/O component I/O Init. 0Fh Initialize the local bus IDE IDE Init. 10h Initialize power management

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Table 4-4 POST Checkpoint Codes (Continued)

Tests And Error Messages

Order In Which POSTs Occur

Checkpoint

Code

11h Load alternate registers with initial POST

values 12h Restore CPU control word during warm boot 13h Initialize PCI bus mastering devices PCI Mast. Init. 14h Initialize keyboard controller 16h BIOS ROM checksum BIOS Check sum 17h Initialize cache before memory autosize 18h 8254 timer initialization 1Ah 8237 DMA controller initialization 1Ch Reset programmable interrupt controller 20h Test DRAM refresh RAM Refresh Test 22h Test 8742 keyboard controller Keyb. Ctrl. Test 24h Set ES segment register to 4GB 26h Enable A20 line 28h Autosize DRAM Memory Detection 3

POST Routine Description

MaxiLife LCD

Display Message

Beep

Codes

29h Initialize POST memory manager 2Ah Clear 512KB base RAM 2Ch

2Eh RAM failure on data bits xxxx1 of low byte of

2Fh Enable cache before system BIOS shadow 30h RAM failure on data bits xxxx1 of high byte

32h Test CPU bus-clock frequency 33h Initialize POST dispatch manager 36h Warm start shut down 38h Shadow system BIOS ROM Shadow BIOS ROM 3Ah Autosize cache 3Ch Advanced conﬁguration of chipset registers 3Dh Load alternate registers with CMOS values 42h Initialize interrupt vectors

RAM failure on address line

memory bus

of memory bus

RAM Add. Failure RAM Data Low

RAM Data High

Chapter 4

45h POST device initialization

Page 88

Tests And Error Messages

Order In Which POSTs Occur

Table 4-4 POST Checkpoint Codes (Continued)

Checkpoint

Code

46h Check ROM copyright notice 48h Check video conﬁguration against CMOS 49h Initialize PCI bus and devices PCI Detection 5 4Ah Initialize all video adapters in system Video Detection 4 4Bh Display QuietBoot screen (optional) 4Ch Shadow video BIOS ROM 4Eh Display BIOS copyright notice 50h Display CPU type and speed 51h Initialize EISA board 52h Test keyboard Keyboard Test 54h Set key click if enabled 56h Enable keyboard 58h Test for unexpected interrupts Unexpect. STOP 59h Initialize POST display service

POST Routine Description

MaxiLife LCD

Display Message

Beep

Codes

5Ah Display prompt press F2 to enter Setup 5Bh Disable CPU cache 5Ch Test RAM between 512KB and 640KB Base Memory Test 60h Test extended memory Ext. Memory Data 62h Test extended memory address lines Ext. Memory Add. 64h Jump to UserPatch1 66h Conﬁgure advanced cache registers 67h Initialize multiprocessor APIC 68h Enable external and CPU caches 69h Setup System Management Mode (SMM)

area 6Ah Display external Level 2 cache size 6Ch Display shadow-area message 6Eh Display possible high address for UMB

recovery 70h Display error messages 72h Check for conﬁguration errors

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Table 4-4 POST Checkpoint Codes (Continued)

Tests And Error Messages

Order In Which POSTs Occur

Checkpoint

Code

76h Check for keyboard errors Keyboard Test 7Ch Set up hardware interrupt vectors 7Eh Initialize coprocessor if present 80h Disable onboard super I/O ports and IRQs 81h Late POST device initialization 82h Detect and install external RS 232 ports 83h Conﬁgure non-MCD IDE controllers 84h Detect and install external parallel ports 85h Initialize PC-compatible PnP ISA devices 86h Re-initialize onboard I/O ports 87h Conﬁgure system board conﬁgurable devices

(optional) 88h Initialize BIOS data area 89h Enable Non-Maskable Interrupts (NMIs) 8Ah Initialize extended BIOS data area

POST Routine Description

MaxiLife LCD

Display Message

Beep

Codes

8Bh Test and initialize PS/2 Mouse PS2 Test 8Ch Initialize ﬂoppy controller 8Fh Determine number of ATA drives (optional) 90h Initialize hard disk controllers Disc Ctrl. Init. 91h Initialize local-bus hard disk controllers Disc Bus Init. 92h Jump to UsersPatch2 Maxilife Test 93h Build MPTABLE for multiprocessor boards 95h Install CD-ROM for boot CDROM Ctr. Init. 96h Clear huge ES segment register 97h Fix multiprocessor table 98h Search for option ROMs Opt. Rom Detect. 99h Check for SMART drive 9Ah Shadow option ROMs 9Ch Set up power management 9Dh Initialize security engine (optional) 9Eh Enable hardware interrupts

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Tests And Error Messages

Order In Which POSTs Occur

Table 4-4 POST Checkpoint Codes (Continued)

Checkpoint

Code

9Fh Determine number of ATA and SCSI drives Check ATA / SCSI A0h Set time of day A2h Check key lock A4h Initialize typematic rate A8h Erase F2 prompt AAh Scan for F2 key stroke ACh Enter SETUP BIOS SETUP AEh Clear Boot ﬂag B0h Check for errors ...Checking... B2h POST done - prepare to boot operating

system B5H Terminate QuietBoot (optional) B6h Check password (optional) Check Password B7h ACPI tables initialized ACPI Init. B8h Clear global descriptor table

POST Routine Description

MaxiLife LCD

Display Message

Beep

Codes

B9h Prepare boot Prepare Boot... BAh Initialize DMI parameters DMI Tables Init. BBh Initialize PnP Option ROMs PNP Opt. ROM Init BCh Clear parity checkers BDh Display MultiBoot menu BEh Clear screen (optional) BFh Check virus and backup reminders C0h Try to boot with INT 19 C1h Initialize POST Error Manager (PEM) C2h Initialize error logging C3h Initialize error display function C4h Initialize system error handling C5h PnPnd dual CMOS (optional) C6h Initialize notebook docking (optional) C7h Initialize notebook docking late C8h Force check (optional)

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Table 4-4 POST Checkpoint Codes (Continued)

Tests And Error Messages

Order In Which POSTs Occur

Checkpoint

Code

C9h Extended checksum (optional) D2h Unknown Interupt

The following are for boot block in Flash ROM

E0h Initialize the chipset E1h Initialize the bridge E2h Initialize the CPU E3h Initialize system timer E4h Initialize system I/O E5h Check force recovery boot E6h Checksum BIOS ROM E7h Go to BIOS E8h Set huge segment E9h Initialize multiprocessor EAh Initialize OEM special code

POST Routine Description

MaxiLife LCD

Display Message

Beep

Codes

EBh Initialize PIC and DMA ECh Initialize memory type EDh Initialize memory size EEh Shadow boot block EFh System memory test F0h Initialize interrupt vectors F1h Initialize run time clock F2h Initialize video F3h Initialize system management mode F4h Output one beep before boot F5h Boot to mini DOS F6h Clear huge segment F7h Boot to full DOS

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Tests And Error Messages

Order In Which POSTs Occur

a. If the BIOS detects error 2C, 2E, or 30 (base 512KB RAM error), it displays an

additional word-bitmap (xxxx) indicating the address line or bits that failed. For example:

2C 0002 means line 1 (bit one set) has failed. 2E 1020 means data bits 12 and 5 (bits 12 and 5 set) have failed in the lower 16

bits. The BIOS also sends the bitmap to the port-80 LED display. It ﬁrst displays the checkpoint code, followed by a delay, the high-order byte, another delay, then the low-order byte of the error. It repeats this sequence continuously.

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Tests And Error Messages

Error Message Summary

In the event an error generates in POST during the boot process, the Error Setup Manager gives access to one or more detected errors. Each EMU error displays as a four-digit code with an associated text message on the monitor screen and/or the MaxiLife LCD panel.

You can get further details by pressing Enter. A detailed description of the reason for the failure and how to solve the problem displays. The following examples give the different types of error categories.

Category #1: If the error is only a warning (such as, key stuck), the POST should

prompt:

WARNING 00100 Keyboard Error

a. After a time-out period of ﬁve seconds without any intervention, the

system resumes to boot.

Category #2: If the error is serious, the POST should prompt: 00xx The BIOS has detected a serious problem that prevents your PC from

booting

Press Enter to view more information about error messages.

Code # Cause/Symptom Short message (US)

0000h Any POST error that isn’t listed below System error 0010h CMOS Checksum error (if no serial EEPROM) Incorrect CMOS Checksum 0011h Date and time (CMOS backed up from SE2P) Date and time lost 0012h PC conﬁguration lost (both SE2P and CMOS lost) Incorrect PC conﬁguration 0020h Any POST error regarding an AT option ROM Option ROM error 0040h Serial number corrupted (bad checksum or null #) Invalid PC serial number

Chapter 4

0041 Product ﬂag not initialized or bad Invalid internal product type 0060h RPO initialization failure Remote power on error 0100h Keyboard stuck key Keyboard error 0101h Keyboard self-test failure Keyboard error 0102h Keyboard controller I/O access failure Keyboard error 0103h Keyboard not connected Keyboard error 0300h Floppy A: self-test failure Flexible disk drive A error 0301h Floppy B: self-test failure Flexible disk drive B error

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Tests And Error Messages

Error Message Summary

Code # Cause/Symptom Short message (US)

0310h Floppy A: not detected (but conﬁgured in CMOS) Flexible disk drive error 0311h Floppy B: not detected (but conﬁgured in CMOS) Flexible disk drive error 0306h General failure on ﬂoppy controller Flexible disk drive error 0400h CD-ROM test failure CD-ROM error 0401h CD-ROM not detected (but conﬁgured in CMOS) CD-ROM error 0500h General failure on HDD onboard primary ctrl IDE device error 0501h General failure on HDD onboard secondary ctrl IDE device error 0510h HDD # 0 self-test error IDE device # 0 error 0520h HDD # 0 not detected (but conﬁgured in CMOS) IDE device # 0 error 0521h HDD # 1 not detected (but conﬁgured in CMOS) IDE device # 1 error 0522h HDD # 2 not detected (but conﬁgured in CMOS) IDE device # 2 error 0523h HDD # 3 not detected (but conﬁgured in CMOS) IDE device # 3 error 0530h Found a drive on slave connector only (primary) IDE device error 0531h Found a drive on slave connector only (secondary) IDE device error 0600h Found less video memory than conﬁgured in

CMOS 0700h Found less DRAM memory than at previous boot System memory error 0711h Defective SIMM (module 1, bank 1) System memory error 0800h Found lower cache size than conﬁgured System cache error 0801h Cache self-test failure System cache error 0A00h Plug and Play (PnP) video auto-setting failure

(DDC hang)

Video memory error

DDC video error

The following table summarizes the most signiﬁcant problems that can be reported.

Message Explanation or Suggestions for Corrective Action

Operating system not found

• Check whether the disk, HDD, FDD, or CD-ROM drive is

connected.

• If it is connected, check that it is detected by POST.

• Check that your boot device is enabled on the Setup Security

menu.

• If the problem persists, check that the boot device contains the

operating system.

Missing operating system If you have conﬁgured HDD user parameters, check that they are

correct. Otherwise, use HDD type “Auto” parameters.

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Page 95

Tests And Error Messages

Error Message Summary

Message Explanation or Suggestions for Corrective Action

Resource allocation conﬂict

-PCI device 0079 on system board

Video PnP interrupted or failed; re-enable in Setup and try again

System CMOS checksum bad

- run Setup No message, system “hangs” Check that the main memory modules are correctly set in their

Other An error message may display and the computer may hang for 20

Clear CMOS.

You may have powered your computer off/on too quickly and the computer turned off video PnP as a protection.

CMOS contents have changed between two power-on sessions. Run Setup for conﬁguration.

sockets.

seconds, then beep. The POST is probably checking for a mass storage device, which it can’t ﬁnd, and the computer is in time-out mode. After time-out, run Setup to check the conﬁguration.

Chapter 4

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Tests And Error Messages

Error Message Summary

Chapter 4

Page 97

5 Hardware Components

This chapter describes:

• Graphics cards and PCI cards

• Mass storage devices

• Connectors and sockets

• The rear panel

Chapter 5

Page 98

Hardware Components

Graphics Cards

HP Workstation x2100 models provide installation and factory support for certain Matrox, nVIDIA and ATI graphics cards. HP-supported drivers for these cards can be found on the http://www.hp.com/go/workstationsupport web page. For all other product information (speciﬁcations, features, etc.), visit the individual manufacturer’s web page:

• Matrox Millennium G450 (for HP-supported drivers, see

http://www.hp.com/go/workstationsupport; for product information, see http://www.matrox.com/mga/home.htm)

• nVIDIA Quadro2 MXR and Quadro Pro (for HP-supported drivers, see

http://www.hp.com/go/workstationsupport; for product information, see http://www.nvidia.com/Products.nsf)

• nVIDIA Quadro2 Ex (for HP-supported drivers, see

http://www.hp.com/go/workstationsupport; for product information, see http://www.nvidia.com/Products.nsf)

• ATI FireGL2 and FireGL4(for HP-supported drivers, see

http://www.hp.com/go/workstationsupport; for product information, see http://www.ati.com)

• ATI FireGL 8800 (for HP-supported drivers, see

http://www.hp.com/go/workstationsupport; for product information, see http://www.ati.com)

Selecting A Monitor For Your Workstation

The table below provides a list of display resolutions and frequencies for the graphics cards supported by your workstation. Using these resolutions and frequencies you will be able to select the appropriate monitor for your graphics card. Note that frequencies of 85Hz and higher provide ergonomic ﬂicker-free viewing.

If the monitor you select is DDC-2B or DDC-2B+ compliant, the graphics card will automatically limit itself to those resolutions and frequencies supported by that monitor. In this case, you do not need to use Table 5-1 to select your monitor.

Table 5-1 Graphics Cards, Resolutions and Display Frequencies

Graphics Card

Matrox G450 640x480

Display Resolution

800x600 1024x768 1280x1024 1600x1200 1920x1200 2048x1536

60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120, 160, 200 60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120, 160, 200 60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120, 160 60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120 60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100 60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100 60, 70, 72, 75, 85

Vertical Frequencies (Hz)

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Hardware Components

Graphics Cards

Table 5-1 Graphics Cards, Resolutions and Display Frequencies (Continued)

Graphics Card

Display Resolution

nVidia Quadro2 EX 640x480

800x600 1024x768 1280x1024 1600x1200 1920x1200 2048x1536

nVidia Quadro2 Pro 640x480

800x600 1024x768 1280x1024 1600x1200 1920x1200 2048x1536

ATI Fire GL2 640x480

800x600 1024x768 1280x1024 1600x1200 1920x1200

ATI Fire GL4 640x480

800x600 1024x768 1280x1024 1600x1200 1920x1200 2048x1536

Vertical Frequencies (Hz)

60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120, 140, 144, 150, 170, 200, 240 60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120, 140, 144, 150, 170, 200, 240 60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120, 140, 144, 150, 170, 200, 240 60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120, 140, 144, 150, 170 60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100, 120 60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 100 60, 70, 72, 75

60, 75, 85, 100 60, 75, 85, 100 60, 75, 85, 100 60, 75, 85, 100 60, 75, 85 60, 75, 76

60, 75, 85, 100, 120 60, 75, 85, 100, 120 60, 75, 85, 100, 120 60, 75, 85, 100, 120

60, 75, 85 60, 75, 76 60

a. 1 Only common resolutions are listed. Other intermediate resolutions are possible. b. The 120Hz frequency is supported only in Stereo mode. c. The maximum frequency may not be available at all color depths.

Chapter 5

Page 100

Hardware Components

PCI Cards

HP 10/100 TX PCI LAN Interface

The 10/100 TX LAN Interface is a 32-bit PCI 2.2 card that supports 10Mbits per second (10Base-T) and 100Mbits per second (100 TX) transfer speeds, and both half and full duplex operation.

HP 10/100 TX PCI LAN Interface Features

Feature Description

RJ45 connector Connection to Ethernet 10/100 TX autonegotiation BootROM Protocols:

• PxE 2.0

• On-board socket support up to 128Kb

Remote Power On (RPO)

Remote Wake Up (RWU)

Power Management

Manageability

Diagnostic

Full remote power on using Magic Packet for Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 in APM mode.

Enable and Wake Up from Suspend state using Magic Packet and Pattern Matching for Microsoft Win2000 in ACPI mode.

This feature enables a host computer to remotely (over the network) poweroncomputers and wake computers up from energy-saving sleep mode. To enable these features, use the Setup program to conﬁgure the BIOS.

• OnNow 1.0

• Advanced Power Management 1.2

• PCI Power Management 1.1

• WfM 2.0 compliant, ACPI

• Desktop Management Interface (DMI) 2.0 dynamic

driver

• DMI 2.0 SNMP mapper

• PXE 2.0 Flashable BootROM (optional on socket)

• Mac address DOS report tool

• User Diag for DOS

100

Chapter 5

HP A7818-IE002 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1 System Overview

Workstation Description

Internal And External Components

Internal Features

Front Panel

Physical Characteristics

Power Consumption And Cooling

Power Saving And Ergonometry

Power Saving And Ergonometry For APM Systems

Power Saving Modes And Resume Events For ACPI Systems

Soft Power Down

Documentation

Access HP World Wide Web Site

Where To Find The Information

2 System Board

System Board Description

Architectural View

Accessory Board Slots

Accelerated Graphics Port Slot

Peripheral Component Interconnect Slots

System Board Switches

System Chipset

Memory Controller Hub (82850)

MCH Overview

Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) Bus Interface

Hub Interface

RDRAM Interface

RDRAM Thermal Management

Dual Rambus Bus

RIMM Memory Slots

Read/Write Buffers

System Clocking

Input/output Controller Hub 2 (82801BA)

ICH2 Features

ICH2 Architecture

ICH2 PCI Bus Interface

SMBus Controller

Low Pin Count Interface

Enhanced USB Controller

AC’97 Controller

IDE Controller

DMA Controller

Interrupt Controller

Timer/Counter Block

Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller

Real Time Clock

Enhanced Power Management

Crystal CS4299 Integrated PCI Audio

Devices On The SMBus

ICH2 SMBus Master Controller

RIMM Sockets

AS98127F

Serial EEPROM

LM75 Temperature Sensor

HP MaxiLife Hardware-monitoring Chip

Test Sequence And Error Messages

MaxiLife Architecture

Devices On The LPC Bus

The Super I/O Controller

Serial/Parallel Communications Ports

Keyboard And Mouse Controller

FirmWare Hub (82802AB)

System Bus

Intel Pentium IV Processor

Processor Clock

Bus Frequencies

Voltage Regulation Module (VRM)

Cache Memory

Assigned Device Interrupts

I/o Controller Hub Interrupts

PCI 64-bit Hub Interrupts

Interrupt Controllers

PCI IRQ Lines

3 System BIOS

Overview

Using The HP Setup program