GARP VLAN Registration Protocol
allows automatic learning and dynamic assignment of VLANs
IEEE 802.1ad QinQ and Selective QinQ
increase the scalability of an Ethernet network by providing a hierarchical structure; connect multiple LANs on a highspeed
campus or metro network
Gigabit Ethernet port aggregation
allows grouping of ports to increase overall data throughput to a remote device
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol snooping
effectively control and manage the flooding of multicast packets in a Layer 2 network
Layer 3 services
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
determines the MAC address of another IP host in the same subnet
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
simplifies the management of large IP networks and supports client and server; DHCP Relay enables DHCP operation
across subnets
Loopback interface address
defines an address in Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and OSPF, improving diagnostic capability
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) helper function
allows UDP broadcasts to be directed across router interfaces to specific IP unicast or subnet broadcast addresses and
prevents server spoofing for UDP services such as DHCP
Route maps
provide more control during route redistribution; allow filtering and altering of route metrics
Layer 3 routing
IPv4 routing protocols
support static routes, RIP, OSPF, ISIS, and BGP
IPv6 routing protocols for v2 switches
provide routing of IPv6 at wire speed; support static routes, RIPng, OSPFv3, ISIS for IPv6, and BGP4+ for IPv6
IPv6 tunneling
allows a smooth transition from IPv4 to IPv6 by encapsulating IPv6 traffic over an existing IPv4 infrastructure
Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP)
enables multiple equal-cost links in a routing environment to increase link redundancy and scale bandwidth
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)
enables link connectivity monitoring and reduces network convergence time for RIP, OSPF, BGP, IS-IS, VRRP, and IRF
PIM-SSM, PIM-DM, and PIM-SM (for IPv4 and IPv6)
support IP Multicast address management and inhibition of DoS attacks
Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP)
is used for inter-domain multicast applications, allowing multiple PIM-SM domains to interoperate
IGMPv1, v2, and v3
allow individual hosts to be registered on a particular VLAN
Security
Access control lists (ACLs)
provides IP Layer 2 to Layer 4 traffic filtering; supports VLAN ACL and port ACL
Multiple user authentication methods
o IEEE 802.1X
is an industry-standard method of user authentication using an IEEE 802.1X supplicant on the client in
conjunction with a RADIUS server