HP (Hewlett-Packard) 2910AL User Manual
2910al
ProCurve Switches
W.14.01
Multicast and Routing Guide
www.procurve.com
HP ProCurve 2910al Switch
September 2009
W.14.03
Multicast and Routing Guide
© Copyright 2009 Hewlett-Packard Development Company,
L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. All Rights Reserved.
This document contains proprietary information, which is
protected by copyright. No part of this document may be
photocopied, reproduced, or translated into another
language without the prior written consent of HewlettPackard.
Publication Number
5992-5440
September 2009
Applicable Products
HP ProCurve 2910al-24G Switch J9145A
HP ProCurve 2910al-48G Switch J9147A
HP ProCurve 2910al-24G-PoE+ Switch J9146A
HP ProCurve 2910al-48G-PoE+ Switch J9148A
HP ProCurve 2-Port 10-GbE SFP+ al Module J9008A
HP ProCurve 2-Port 10-GbE CX4 al Module J9149A
HP ProCurve 10-GbE al Interconnect Kit J9165A
Trademark Credits
Microsoft, Windows, and Microsoft Windows NT are US
registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Disclaimer
The information contained in this document is subject to
change without notice.
HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Hewlett-Packard shall not
be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,
performance, or use of this material.
The only warranties for HP products and services are set
forth in the express warranty statements accompanying
such products and services. Nothing herein should be
construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall
not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions
contained herein.
Hewlett-Packard assumes no responsibility for the use or
reliability of its software on equipment that is not furnished
by Hewlett-Packard.
Warranty
See the Customer Support/Warranty booklet included with
the product.
A copy of the specific warranty terms applicable to your
Hewlett-Packard products and replacement parts can be
obtained from your HP Sales and Service Office or
authorized dealer.
Hewlett-Packard Company
8000 Foothills Boulevard, m/s 5551
Roseville, California 95747-5551
http://www.procurve.com
Contents
Product Documentation
About Your Switch Manual Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Printed Publications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Electronic Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Software Feature Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
1 Getting Started
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Configuration and Operation Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Protocol Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Command Syntax and Displayed Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Command Syntax Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Command Prompts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Screen Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Sources for More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Getting Documentation From the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Online Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Menu Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Web Browser Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Need Only a Quick Start? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
IP Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
To Set Up and Install the Switch in Your Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Physical Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
iii
2 Multimedia Traffic Control with IP
Multicast (IGMP)
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
IGMP General Operation and Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
IGMP Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
IGMP Operating Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Basic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Number of IP Multicast Addresses Allowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Number of Multicast Filters Allowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
CLI: Configuring and Displaying IGMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
How IGMP Operates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Operation With or Without IP Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Automatic Fast-Leave IGMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Forced Fast-Leave IGMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Configuring Delayed Group Flush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
IGMP Proxy Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
How IGMP Proxy Forwarding Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
CLI Commands for IGMP Proxy Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21
VLAN Context Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
IGMP Proxy Show Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
Operating Notes for IGMP Proxy Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
iv
Using the Switch as Querier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26
Excluding Well-Known or Reserved
Multicast Addresses from IP Multicast Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27
3 IP Routing Features
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Overview of IP Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
IP Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
IP Tables and Caches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
ARP Cache Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
IP Route Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
IP Forwarding Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
IP Route Exchange Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
IP Global Parameters for Routing Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
ARP Age Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
IP Interface Parameters for Routing Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Configuring IP Parameters for Routing Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Configuring IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Changing the Router ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Configuring ARP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
How ARP Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Enabling Proxy ARP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
Enabling Local Proxy ARP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
CLI Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
Configuring Forwarding Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
Changing the TTL Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
Enabling Forwarding of Directed Broadcasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
Configuring ICMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Disabling ICMP Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Disabling Replies to Broadcast Ping Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Disabling ICMP Destination Unreachable Messages . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
Disabling ICMP Redirects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Configuring Static IP Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Static Route Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Other Sources of Routes in the Routing Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23
Static IP Route Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23
Static Route States Follow VLAN States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24
Configuring a Static IP Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24
Configuring the Default Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
Configuring RIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
Overview of RIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
RIP Parameters and Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
RIP Global Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
RIP Interface Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
Configuring RIP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29
Enabling RIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29
v
Enabling IP RIP on a VLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30
Changing the RIP Type on a VLAN Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30
Changing the Cost of Routes Learned on a VLAN Interface . . . . 3-30
Configuring RIP Redistribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31
Define RIP Redistribution Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31
Modify Default Metric for Redistribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32
Enable RIP Route Redistribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32
Changing the Route Loop Prevention Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33
Displaying RIP Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33
Displaying General RIP Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34
Displaying RIP Interface Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36
Displaying RIP Peer Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37
Displaying RIP Redistribution Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-39
Displaying RIP Redistribution Filter (restrict) Information . . . . 3-39
Configuring IRDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40
Enabling IRDP Globally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41
Enabling IRDP on an Individual VLAN Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41
Displaying IRDP Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43
Configuring DHCP Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43
DHCP Packet Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44
Unicast Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44
Broadcast Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44
Prerequisites for DHCP Relay Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44
Enabling DHCP Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-45
Configuring an IP Helper Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-45
Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-45
Verifying the DHCP Relay Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-45
Displaying the DHCP Relay Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-45
Displaying DHCP Helper Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-46
Displaying the Hop Count Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-47
DHCP Option 82 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-48
Option 82 Server Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-49
Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-50
General DHCP Option 82 Requirements and Operation . . . . . . . 3-51
vi
Option 82 Field Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-52
Forwarding Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-54
Configuration Options for Managing DHCP Client Request
Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-54
Multiple Option 82 Relay Agents in a Client Request Path . . . . . 3-55
Validation of Server Response Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-56
Multinetted VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-57
Configuring Option 82 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-58
Example of Option 82 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-60
Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-61
UDP Broadcast Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-63
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-63
Subnet Masking for UDP Forwarding Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-64
Configuring and Enabling UDP Broadcast Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . 3-65
Globally Enabling UDP Broadcast Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-65
Configuring UDP Broadcast Forwarding on Individual VLANs . 3-65
Displaying the Current IP Forward-Protocol Configuration . . . . . . . 3-67
Operating Notes for UDP Broadcast Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-68
Messages Related to UDP Broadcast Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-68
Index
vii
viii
Product Documentation
About Your Switch Manual Set
Note For the latest version of all ProCurve switch documentation, including
Release Notes covering recently added features, please visit the ProCurve
Networking Web site at www.procurve.com, click on Customer Care, and then
click on Manuals.
Printed Publications
The publications listed below are printed and shipped with your switch. The
latest version is also available in PDF format on the ProCurve Web site, as
described in the Note at the top of this page.
■ Read Me First—Provides software update information, product notes,
and other information.
■ HP ProCurve Switch Quick Setup—Provides quick start installation
instructions. See the Installation and Getting Started Guide for more
detailed information.
Electronic Publications
The latest version of each of the publications listed below is available in PDF
format on the ProCurve Web site, as described in the Note at the top of this
page.
■ Installation and Getting Started Guide—Explains how to prepare for
and perform the physical installation and connect the switch to your
network.
■ Management and Configuration Guide—Describes how to configure,
manage, and monitor basic switch operation.
■ Advanced Traffic Management Guide—Explains how to configure traffic
management features such as VLANs, MSTP, QoS, and Meshing.
■ Multicast and Routing Guide—Explains how to configure IGMP, PIM, IP
routing, and VRRP features.
■ Access Security Guide—Explains how to configure access security fea-
tures and user authentication on the switch.
■ IPv6 Configuration Guide—Describes the IPv6 protocol operations that
are supported on the switch.
■ Release Notes—Describe new features, fixes, and enhancements that
become available between revisions of the main product guide.
ix
Software Feature Index
For the software manual set supporting your 2910al switch model, this feature
index indicates which manual to consult for information on a given software
feature.
Note This Index does not cover IPv6 capable software features. For information on
IPv6 protocol operations and features (such as DHCPv6, DNS for IPv6, Ping6,
and MLD Snooping), refer to the IPv6 Configuration Guide.
Intelligent Edge Software
Features
802.1Q VLAN Tagging X
802.1X Port-Based Priority X
802.1X Multiple Authenticated Clients Per Port X
Access Control Lists (ACLs) X
AAA Authentication X
Authorized IP Managers X
Authorized Manager List (Web, Telnet, TFTP) X
Auto MDIX Configuration X
BOOTP X
Config File X
Console Access X
Copy Command X
CoS (Class of Service) X
Management
and
Configuration
Advanced
Management
Traffic
Manual
Multicast and
Routing
Access
Security
Guide
Debug X
DHCP Configuration X
DHCP Option 82 X
DHCP Snooping X
x
Intelligent Edge Software
Features
Management
and
Configuration
Manual
Advanced
Traffic
Management
Multicast and
Routing
Access
Security
Guide
DHCP/Bootp Operation
Diagnostic Tools
Downloading Software
Dynamic ARP Protection
Dynamic Configuration Arbiter
Eavesdrop Protection
Event Log X
Factory Default Settings
Flow Control (802.3x)
File Management
File Transfers
Friendly Port Names
Guaranteed Minimum Bandwidth (GMB)
GVRP
Identity-Driven Management (IDM)
IGMP
Interface Access (Telnet, Console/Serial, Web)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
IP Addressing
IP Routing
Jumbo Packets
LACP
Link
LLDP
LLDP-MED
Loop Protection
MAC Address Management
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
xi
Intelligent Edge Software
Features
MAC Lockdown X
Management
and
Configuration
Advanced
Management
Traffic
Manual
Multicast and
Routing
Access
Security
Guide
MAC Lockout
MAC-based Authentication
Management VLAN
Monitoring and Analysis
Multicast Filtering
Multiple Configuration Files
Network Management Applications (SNMP)
OpenView Device Management
Passwords and Password Clear Protection
ProCurve Manager (PCM)
Ping
Port Configuration
Port Monitoring
Port Security
Port Status
Port Trunking (LACP)
Port-Based Access Control (802.1X)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Power over Ethernet (PoE+)
Protocol Filters
Protocol VLANS
Quality of Service (QoS)
RADIUS Authentication and Accounting
RADIUS-Based Configuration
Rate-Limiting X
RIP X
X
X
X
xii
X
X
X
Intelligent Edge Software
Features
Management
and
Configuration
Manual
Advanced
Traffic
Management
Multicast and
Routing
Access
Security
Guide
RMON 1,2,3,9
Routing
Routing - IP Static
Secure Copy
sFlow
SFTP
SNMPv3
Software Downloads (SCP/SFTP, TFPT, Xmodem)
Source-Port Filters
Spanning Tree (STP, RSTP, MSTP)
SSHv2 (Secure Shell) Encryption
SSL (Secure Socket Layer)
Stack Management (3500yl/6200yl switches only)
Syslog
System Information
TACACS+ Authentication
Telnet Access
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
TFTP
Time Protocols (TimeP, SNTP)
Traffic Mirroring
Traffic/Security Filters
Troubleshooting
Uni-Directional Link Detection (UDLD)
UDP Forwarder
USB Device Support
VLANs
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
xiii
Intelligent Edge Software
Features
Management
and
Configuration
Manual
Advanced
Traffic
Management
Multicast and
Routing
Access
Security
Guide
Voice VLAN
Web Authentication RADIUS Support
Web-based Authentication
Web UI
Xmodem
X
X
X
X
X
xiv
Getting Started
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Command Syntax Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Command Prompts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Screen Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Configuration and Operation Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Sources for More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Getting Documentation From the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Online Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
1
Menu Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Web Browser Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Need Only a Quick Start? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
IP Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
To Set Up and Install the Switch in Your Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Physical Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
1-1
Getting Started
Introduction
Introduction
This guide is intended for use with the following switches:
■ HP ProCurve 2910al Switch
It describes how to use the command line interface (CLI), Menu interface, and
web browser to configure, manage, monitor, and troubleshoot switch operation. For an overview of other product documentation for the above switches,
refer to “Product Documentation” on page xi. You can download documentation from the ProCurve Networking web site, www.procurve.com.
Conventions
Configuration and Operation Examples
Unless otherwise noted, examples using a particular switch model apply to all
switch models covered by this guide.
Protocol Acronyms
IP Refers to the IPv4 protocol unless otherwise noted.
IPv6 Refers to the IPv6 protocol.
Command Syntax and Displayed Information
Command Syntax Statements
Syntax: ip < default-gateway < ip-addr >> | routing >
Syntax: show interfaces [port-list ]
■ Vertical bars ( | ) separate alternative, mutually exclusive elements.
■ Square brackets ( [ ] ) indicate optional elements.
■ Braces ( < > ) enclose required elements.
■ Braces within square brackets ( [ < > ] ) indicate a required element within
an optional choice.
1-2
Getting Started
Conventions
■ Boldface indicates use of a CLI command, part of a CLI command syntax,
or other displayed element in general text. For example:
“Use the copy tftp command to download the key from a TFTP server.”
■ Italics indicate variables for which you must supply a value when execut-
ing the command. For example, in this command syntax, you must provide
one or more port numbers:
Syntax: aaa port-access authenticator < port-list >
Command Prompts
In the default configuration, your switch displays a CLI prompt similar to the
following example:
ProCurve 2910al#
To simplify recognition, this guide uses ProCurve to represent command
prompts for all switch models. For example:
ProCurve#
(You can use the hostname command to change the text in the CLI prompt.)
Screen Simulations
Displayed Text. Figures containing simulated screen text and command
output look like this:
ProCurve> show version
Image stamp:
Boot Image:
ProCurve>
Figure 1-1. Example of a Figure Showing a Simulated Screen
In some cases, brief command-output sequences appear without figure identification. For example:
ProCurve(config)# clear public-key
ProCurve(config)# show ip client-public-key
show_client_public_key: cannot stat keyfile
/sw/code/build/info
November 6, 2008 13:43:13
W.14.01
139
Primary
1-3
Getting Started
Sources for More Information
Keys
Simulations of actual keys use a bold, sans-serif typeface with square brackets.
For example, the Tab key appears as
[Tab] and the “Y” key appears as [Y].
Sources for More Information
For information about switch operation and features not covered in this guide,
consult the following sources:
■ Feature Index—For information on which manual to consult for a given
software feature, refer to the “Software Feature Index” on page xii.
Note For the latest version of all ProCurve switch documentation referred to below,
including Release Notes covering recently added features, visit the ProCurve
Networking web site at www.procurve.com, click on Customer Care, and
then click on Manuals.
■ Software Release Notes—Release Notes are posted on the ProCurve
Networking web site and provide information on new software updates:
• new features and how to configure and use them
• software management, including downloading software to the switch
• software fixes addressed in current and previous releases
■ Product Notes and Software Update Information—The printed Read Me
First shipped with your switch provides software update information,
product notes, and other information.
■ Installation and Getting Started Guide—Use the Installation and Get-
ting Started Guide to prepare for and perform the physical installation.
This guide also steps you through connecting the switch to your network
and assigning IP addressing, as well as describing the LED indications for
correct operation and trouble analysis.
■ Management and Configuration Guide—Use this guide for information
on topics such as:
• various interfaces available on the switch
• memory and configuration operation
• interface access
• IP addressing
• time protocols
1-4
Sources for More Information
Getting Started
• port configuration, trunking, traffic control, and PoE operation
• SNMP, LLDP, and other network management topics
• file transfers, switch monitoring, troubleshooting, and MAC address
management
■ Advanced Traffic Management Guide—Use this guide for information on
topics such as:
• VLANs: Static port-based and protocol VLANs, and dynamic GVRP
VLANs
• spanning-Tree: 802.1D (STP), 802.1w (RSTP), and 802.1s (MSTP)
• Quality-of-Service (QoS)
• Access Control Lists (ACLs)
■ Multicast and Routing Guide—Use this guide for information on topics
such as:
• IGMP
• IP routing
■ Access Security Guide—Use this guide for information on topics such as:
• Local username and password security
• Web-Based and MAC-based authentication
• RADIUS and TACACS+ authentication
• SSH (Secure Shell) and SSL (Secure Socket Layer) operation
• 802.1X access control
• Port security operation with MAC-based control
• Authorized IP Manager security
• Key Management System (KMS)
■ IPv6 Configuration Guide—Use this guide for information on topics
such as:
• Overview of IPv6 operation and features
• Configuring IPv6 addressing
• Using IPv6 management, security, and troubleshooting features
1-5
Getting Started
Sources for More Information
Getting Documentation From the Web
To obtain the latest versions of documentation and release notes for your
switch:
1. Go to the ProCurve Networking web site at
2. Click on Customer Care.
3. Click on Manuals.
4. Click on the product for which you want to view or download a manual.
If you need further information on ProCurve switch technology, visit the
ProCurve Networking web site at:
Online Help
Menu Interface
If you need information on specific parameters in the menu interface, refer to
the online help provided in the interface. For example:
www.procurve.com
www.procurve.com
1-6
Online Help
for Menu
Figure 1-2. Online Help for Menu Interface
Sources for More Information
Getting Started
Command Line Interface
If you need information on a specific command in the CLI, type the command
name followed by help. For example:
Figure 1-3. Example of CLI Help
Web Browser Interface
If you need information on specific features in the ProCurve Web Browser
Interface (hereafter referred to as the “web browser interface”), use the online
Help. You can access the Help by clicking on the Help text on top right side of
any of the web browser interface screens.
Figure 1-4. Help for Web Browser Interface
Note To access the online Help for the ProCurve web browser interface, you need
either ProCurve Manager (version 1.5 or greater) installed on your network
or an active connection to the World Wide Web. Otherwise, Online help for the
web browser interface will not be available.
1-7
Getting Started
Need Only a Quick Start?
Need Only a Quick Start?
IP Addressing
If you just want to give the switch an IP address so that it can communicate
on your network, or if you are not using VLANs, ProCurve recommends that
you use the Switch Setup screen to quickly configure IP addressing. To do so,
do one of the following:
■ Enter setup at the CLI Manager level prompt.
Procurve# setup
■ In the Main Menu of the Menu interface, select
8. Run Setup
For more on using the Switch Setup screen, see the Installation and Getting
Started Guide you received with the switch.
1-8
To Set Up and Install the Switch in Your Network
Physical Installation
Use the ProCurve Installation and Getting Started Guide for the following:
■ Notes, cautions, and warnings related to installing and using the switch
and its related modules
■ Instructions for physically installing the switch in your network
■ Quickly assigning an IP address and subnet mask, set a Manager pass-
word, and (optionally) configure other basic features.
■ Interpreting LED behavior.
For the latest version of the Installation and Getting Started Guide for your
switch, refer to “Getting Documentation From the Web” on page 1-6.
1
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP
Multicast (IGMP)
Contents
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
IGMP General Operation and Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
IGMP Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
IGMP Operating Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Basic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Number of IP Multicast Addresses Allowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Number of Multicast Filters Allowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2
CLI: Configuring and Displaying IGMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
How IGMP Operates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Operation With or Without IP Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Automatic Fast-Leave IGMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Forced Fast-Leave IGMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Configuring Delayed Group Flush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
IGMP Proxy Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
How IGMP Proxy Forwarding Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
CLI Commands for IGMP Proxy Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21
VLAN Context Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-22
IGMP Proxy Show Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
Operating Notes for IGMP Proxy Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
Using the Switch as Querier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26
Excluding Well-Known or Reserved
Multicast Addresses from IP Multicast Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27
2-1
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP)
Overview
Overview
This chapter describes multimedia traffic control with IP multicast (IGMP) to
reduce unnecessary bandwidth usage on a per-port basis, and how to configure it with the switch’s built-in interfaces:
For general information on how to use the switch’s built-in interfaces, refer to
these chapters in the Management and Configuration Guide for your switch:
■ Chapter 3, “Using the Menu Interface”
■ Chapter 4, “Using the Command Line Interface (CLI)”
■ Chapter 5, “Using the ProCurve Web Browser Interface
■ Chapter 6, “Switch Memory and Configuration”
Note The use of static multicast filters is described in the chapter titled “Traffic/
Security Filters” in the Access Security Guide for your ProCurve switch.
2-2
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP)
IGMP General Operation and Features
IGMP General Operation and Features
IGMP Features
Feature Default Menu CLI
view igmp configuration n/a — page 2-7
show igmp status for multicast
groups used by the selected
VLAN
enabling or disabling IGMP disabled — page 2-9
(Requires VLAN ID Context)
per-port packet control auto — page 2-10
IGMP traffic priority normal — page 2-11
querier enabled — page 2-11
fast-leave disabled — page 2-14
In a network where IP multicast traffic is transmitted for various multimedia
applications, you can use the switch to reduce unnecessary bandwidth usage
on a per-port basis by configuring IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol controls). In the factory default state (IGMP disabled), the switch simply
floods all IP multicast traffic it receives on a given VLAN through all ports on
that VLAN (except the port on which it received the traffic). This can result
in significant and unnecessary bandwidth usage in networks where IP multicast traffic is a factor. Enabling IGMP allows the ports to detect IGMP queries
and report packets and manage IP multicast traffic through the switch.
n/a — Yes
IGMP is useful in multimedia applications such as LAN TV, desktop conferencing, and collaborative computing, where there is multipoint communication; that is, communication from one to many hosts, or communication
originating from many hosts and destined for many other hosts. In such
multipoint applications, IGMP will be configured on the hosts, and multicast
traffic will be generated by one or more servers (inside or outside of the local
network). Switches in the network (that support IGMP) can then be configured to direct the multicast traffic to only the ports where needed. If multiple
VLANs are configured, you can configure IGMP on a per-VLAN basis.
Enabling IGMP allows detection of IGMP queries and report packets in order
to manage IP multicast traffic through the switch. If no other querier is
detected, the switch will then also function as the querier. (If you need to
disable the querier feature, you can do so through the IGMP configuration
MIB. Refer to “Changing the Querier Configuration Setting” on page 2-11.)
2-3
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP)
IGMP General Operation and Features
Note IGMP configuration on the switches covered in this guide operates at the
VLAN context level. If you are not using VLANs, then configure IGMP in VLAN
1 (the default VLAN) context.
IGMP Terms
■ IGMP Device: A switch or router running IGMP traffic control
features.
■ IGMP Host: An end-node device running an IGMP (multipoint, or
multicast communication) application.
■ Querier: A required IGMP device that facilitates the IGMP protocol
and traffic flow on a given LAN. This device tracks which ports are
connected to devices (IGMP clients) that belong to specific multicast
groups, and triggers updates of this information. A querier uses data
received from the queries to determine whether to forward or block
multicast traffic on specific ports. When the switch has an IP address
on a given VLAN, it automatically operates as a Querier for that VLAN
if it does not detect a multicast router or another switch functioning
as a Querier. When enabled (the default state), the switch’s querier
function eliminates the need for a multicast router. In most cases,
ProCurve recommends that you leave this parameter in the default
“enabled” state even if you have a multicast router performing the
querier function in your multicast group. For more information, see
“How IGMP Operates” on page 2-12.
2-4
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP)
IGMP General Operation and Features
IGMP Operating Features
Basic Operation
In the factory default configuration, IGMP is disabled. To enable IGMP
■ If multiple VLANs are not configured, you configure IGMP on the default
VLAN (DEFAULT_VLAN; VID = 1).
■ If multiple VLANs are configured, you configure IGMP on a per-VLAN
basis for every VLAN where this feature is to be used.
Enhancements
With the CLI, you can configure these additional options:
■ Forward with High Priority. Disabling this parameter (the default)
causes the switch or VLAN to process IP multicast traffic, along with other
traffic, in the order received (usually, normal priority). Enabling this
parameter causes the switch or VLAN to give a higher priority to IP
multicast traffic than to other traffic.
■ Auto/Blocked/Forward: You can use the console to configure individual
ports to any of the following states:
• Auto (the default): Causes the switch to interpret IGMP packets and
to filter IP multicast traffic based on the IGMP packet information for
ports belonging to a multicast group. This means that IGMP traffic
will be forwarded on a specific port only if an IGMP host or multicast
router is connected to the port.
• Blocked: Causes the switch to drop all IGMP transmissions received
from a specific port.
• Forward: Causes the switch to forward all IGMP and IP multicast
transmissions through the port.
■ Operation With or Without IP Addressing: This feature helps to
conserve IP addresses by enabling IGMP to run on VLANs that do not have
an IP address. See “Operation With or Without IP Addressing” on page
2-13.
■ Querier Capability: The switch performs this function for IGMP on
VLANs having an IP address when there is no other device in the VLAN
acting as querier. See “Using the Switch as Querier” on page 2-26.
2-5
Multimedia Traffic Control with IP Multicast (IGMP)
IGMP General Operation and Features
Notes Whenever IGMP is enabled, the switch generates an Event Log message
indicating whether querier functionality is enabled.
IP multicast traffic groups are identified by IP addresses in the range of
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The maximum number of multicast groups is 256.
Incoming IGMP packets intended for reserved, or “well-known” multicast
addresses automatically flood through all ports (except the port on which the
packets entered the switch). For more on this topic, see “Excluding WellKnown or Reserved Multicast Addresses from IP Multicast Filtering” on page
2-27.
For more information, refer to “How IGMP Operates” on page 2-12.
Number of IP Multicast Addresses Allowed
The total of IGMP filters (addresses) and static multicast filters together is
2,047 (if data driven) or 2,048 otherwise, depending on the current max-vlans
configuration. If multiple VLANs are configured, then each filter is counted
once per VLAN in which it is used.
Number of Multicast Filters Allowed
2-6
The number of multicast filters allowed depends on the number of configured
VLANS:
■ 16 multicast filters if VLANs <= 1024
■ 8 multicast filters if VLANs > 1024
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