Horizon KRONOS 100 Operation Manual

---- KRONOS100 integrated surveying GPS receiver

Operation Manual

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER I RECEIVER & ACCESSORIES ........................................................................................................ 4

1.1 RECEIVER ..........................................................................................................................................................................4

1.2 ACCESSORIES ....................................................................................................................................................................4

1.2.1Controller ................................................................................................................................................................ 4

1.2.2 Battery and Charger ......................................................................................................................................... 5

1.2.3 Tribrach & plummet .......................................................................................................................................... 6

1.2.4 Communication cable ........................................................................................................................................ 7

1.2.5 Soft bag ................................................................................................................................................................... 7

1.3 SOFTWARE OF KRONOS100 GNSS SURVEY SYSTEM .............................................................................................7

CHAPTER II PREPARING WORK ..................................................................................................................... 9

2.1 WORKING MODE OF KRONOS100 RECEIVER ...........................................................................................................9

2.2 GRAPH DESIGN OF NET ...................................................................................................................................................9

2.3 WORKING RANGE .......................................................................................................................................................... 10

2.4 FIX THE RECEIVER IN THE FIELD ................................................................................................................................ 11

2.5 HOW TO MEASURE ANTENNA HEIGHT ....................................................................................................................... 11

2.6 NOTICE OF USING KRONOS100 RECEIVER ............................................................................................................ 11

CHAPTER III OPERATION IN THE FIELD .................................................................................................. 13

3.1 MAIN INTERFACE ........................................................................................................................................................... 13

3.1.1 Initialize interface ........................................................................................................................................... 13

3.1.2 System interface ............................................................................................................................................... 13

3.2 OPERATION IN THE FIELD ............................................................................................................................................ 18

3.2.1 AUTO Mode ......................................................................................................................................................... 18

2.2.2 MAN. Mode Collecting ..................................................................................................................................... 20

2.2.3 LED mode ............................................................................................................................................................ 22

CHAPTER IV KRONOS100 DIFFERENTIAL GPS SYSTEM ..................................................................... 23

4.1 WORKING MODE .......................................................................................................................................................... 23

4.2 THE INITIALIZATION INTERFACE ............................................................................................................................... 23

4.3 STEPS OF FIELD WORK ................................................................................................................................................ 23

4.4 DYNAMIC POST-PROCESSING SOFTWARE ................................................................................................................... 28

4.4.1 Software start-up & operation brief ......................................................................................................... 28

4.4.2 Main menu & function introduction ......................................................................................................... 28

CHAPTER V MANUAL OF KRONOS STATIC MANAGER ......................................................................... 32

5.1 BRIEF INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 32

5.1.1 Import record data .......................................................................................................................................... 32

5.1.2 Device Setting.................................................................................................................................................... 33

5.1.3 Register ................................................................................................................................................................ 33

5.1.4 Firmware Upgrade .......................................................................................................................................... 35

APPENDICES ...................................................................................................................................................... 38

A SPECIFICATION .............................................................................................................................................................. 38

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B STANDARD PACKING ..................................................................................................................................................... 39

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Chapter I Receiver & Accessories

1.1 Receiver

KRONOS100 receiver integrates antenna, circuit board and main board in a single housing.
The waterproof, dustproof and drop resistant housing allows it to operate in the toughest
environments. The Kronos 100 is built with simplicity and durability in mind.

Figure 1-1 KRONOS100 receiver

The front panel consists of a large LCD color display, four display LEDs and two buttons. The
four LEDs are RX/BAT/REC/SAT. RX is the controller communication LED, and shows
whether the controller is connected or not. BAT is the power LED. REC is showing recording
interval. These LEDs will indicate when you select LED mode (LED mode, please refer to
chapter III). SAT is the satellite indicator LED.
These are two keys on receiver, one is power key, and another is S key, the function of which
is to communicate with controller.

For initial connection between controller with receiver, press S key once, then press
any button on controller to establish connection between receiver and controller.
To clear the connection, press and hold S key.

Battery slot is in the side of the receiver. There is one port in the back of receiver, which uses
a 7pin connector, to communicate with PC and download raw data from receiver to PC.

1.2 Accessories

1.2.1Controller

This controller has 16 keys. Number keys from 0-9. There are four function keys: F1, F2,
F3 and F4. The other two keys, Fa and Fb, currently not in use.

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Figure 1-2 Controller

1.2.2 Battery and Charger

A. Battery
The receiver uses rechargeable lithium batteries. It can last 7.5 hours continuously and
needs five hours to recharge.

Figure1-3 lithium-battery

Installing the battery

1. Open the cover of batteries slot, see the following figure:

Figure 1-4 open the cover

2. Install the batteries, see figure 1-4.

Please push this
button towards to
bottom

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Figure 1-5 The Battery compartment

Battery Charger
When recharging battery, the LED will display red. When batteries are fully charged, the LED
will display green. If the charger does not connect with battery, the LED is also red.

Figure 1-5 Chargers

1.2.3 Tribrach & plummet

KRONOS100 GPS receiver uses standard optical tribrach & plummet

Figure1-6 tribrach &plummet

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1.2.4 Communication cable

KRONOS100 receiver uses a USB cable to connect to PC. One end has 7pins, and there are
two connectors on the other end, a COM connector and a USB connector. The USB port is
used to connect receiver to PC, and download data from receiver. The COM port is used to
upgrade firmware for the receiver.

Figure 1-7 communication cable

1.2.5 Soft bag

KRONOS100 soft bag is a durable soft casing to carry and store the KRONOS 100 receiver.

Figure 1-8 Soft bag

1.3 Software of KRONOS100 GNSS Survey System

A. Firmware software
This is the firmware software, used to record raw data in the field.
B. Downloading software (KRONOS STATIC MANAGER)
It is used to download data from receiver to computer and to register code for receiver.
C. Post-processing software
This software is used to process and adjust the raw data recorded in receiver.

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Figure 1-9 post processing software

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Chapter II Preparing work

2.1 Working mode of KRONOS100 receiver

GPS working mode is the working measure adopted to ensure the relative position between
observation stations by use of GPS orientation technology. Different working mode has
different working measure and different time interval of observation. KRONOS100 GPS
surveying system is mainly used in control survey, which adopts static carrier wave relative
orientation mode.

2.2 Graph design of net

The net design mainly subject to the users’ requirement, but outlay, time interval of

observation, type of receiver and the receiver amount, etc also relate to the net design.
In order to satisfy the users’ requirement, we should keep the principle as follows:

1. GPS net normally forms closed graph by independent observation borders, such as triangle,
polygon or connecting traverse, etc, to add checking conditions and to improve the net
consistency.

2. When designing the net, the net point should be superposition with the original ground
net points. The superposition points are generally no less than three and distribute evenly
on the net in order to ensure the changing parameters between GPS net and local net.

3. GPS net point should be superposition with the level points, and the other points are
normally united—surveyed with level surveying way or the equivalent way. You can also set
some level united—surveying points in order to offer geoid’s information.

4. In order to observe and level united survey, we often set GPS net points at a clear and easy
arriving field.

5. We often distribute some well eyeshot azimuth points around GPS net to ensure united
survey direction. The distance from azimuth to observation station should be more than 300
meters.
According to different purpose of GPS surveying, independent observation borders of GPS
net should compose definite geometry graph. The basic graphs are as follows:
1． Triangle net
The triangle in GPS net is composed of independent observation borders, it has strong
geometry structure and well self-checking ability, it can also find out the coarse difference of
result and to share the difference to each KRONOS100line with adjustment.
But this net need a lot of observation, especially when receivers are lacking it will greatly
prolong the observation time. So only when accuracy and security are required very high,
and receivers are more than three, we can use this graph, see fig 2-2.

2. Circle net
Circle net is composed of many loops which are formed of many independent observation
borders. This net is similar with one of the classical surveying-- lead net. Its structure is a
little worse than triangle net. The amount of KRONOS100 lines in closed loop decides the
self--checking ability and consistency. General speaking, the amount of KRONOS100 lines
has such limit as follows:

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The advantage of circle net is the small workload, good self-checking and consistency. But
the main disadvantage is that the accuracy of indirect-observed border is lower than that of
direct-observed border, and the KRONOS100 line accuracy of neighbor points distributes
unevenly. In field surveying, we usually use annexed traverse as special example according
to practical situation and the net usage. This requirement for this traverse is the high
accuracy for the known vectors between two point ends. Furthermore, the amount of
annexed traverses cannot exceed the limits.

Fig 2-1 triangle net Fig 2-2 circle net

3. Star shape net
Star net has simple geometry graph, but the KRONOS100lines of it mostly don’t compose a
closed graph, so it has a bad checking ability and consistency.
The advantage of this net is that it only needs two receivers, the work is very simple, so it is
mostly used in the quick surveying as quick static orientation and kinematical orientation.
This working mode is widely used in project layout, border surveying and GIS surveying, etc.

Figure 2-4 star net

2.3 Working range

The accuracy of satellite signal received with GPS receiver can reach millimeter level, but
due to the signal suffers ionosphere and troposphere infection when transmitting through
aerosphere, the accuracy will be depressed. To settle this problem, we adopt adjustment by
use of two receivers to observe one KRONOS100line at the same time, thus the influence of
ionosphere on observation can be mostly counteracted. The shorter of KRONOS100line, the
better is the effect, so we suggest KRONOS100line is not more than 20 kilometers when
designing.

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2.4 Fix the receiver in the field

Steps of fixed receiver:

1. You can mount a tripod on a selected point. Please make sure the surrounding meet

these conditions: avoid under shade and building, keep away from reflecting things and
electromagnetism interfering, etc.

2. Open the instrument case firstly; then take out plummet and the tribrach and mount on

the tripod, center and level the plummet & tribrach on the surveying point.

3. Take out receiver, fix it on the plummet & tribrach and lock it tightly.

2.5 How to measure antenna height

After fixed the instrument, user should measure antenna height at the beginning and the

end of every period of time to ensure the accuracy “mm” level. We usually measure from the

center point on the ground to the center waterproof loop of antenna. That is an inclined
height. Please refer to fig 2-5.

Fig2-5 Measuring antenna height

We use a formula to calculate antenna height.

H h R h  

202

0

（2-3）

“h” is the inclined height that measure from point on the ground to the waterproof loop of
antenna.

R

0

is the radius of antenna.

h

0

is the distance from antenna phase center to the middle of antenna.

H is the calculation result. We usually measure antenna height twice and adopt the
average.

Attention: We input the inclined height as the antenna height, which is the inclined
distance from point on the ground to the waterproof loop of antenna.

2.6 Notice of using KRONOS100 receiver

When you use KRONOS100 receiver, please pay attention to the following items.

1. You must operate according to this manual to ensure the required result. For example,
when you select surveying point, you should avoid shade, buildings, interfere fountain and so
on.

2. The receiver should not work under low power; otherwise, the data quality cannot be

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ensured.

3. When conveyed the mainframe, please be careful.

4. Please ensure that receiver should be used once every three month. Otherwise, the data
stored in the EMS will be lost, and when you use the receiver next time, the receiver will
take a long time to initialize .