Honeywell 880 User Manual
Honeywell International Inc.
Commercial Electronic Systems
5353 W. Bell Rd.
Glendale, Arizona 85308--3912
U.S.A.
(CAGE 55939)
PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather
Radar System
Pilot’s Guide
Printed in U.S.A. Pub. No. A28--1146--102--03 September 1996
Revised January 2006
PRIMUS
r
880
Digital
W
eather
Radar
System
Table of Contents
Section Page
1. INTRODUCTION 1-1. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
2. SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS 2-1. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
3. OPERATING CONTROLS 3-1. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
WI-880 Weather Radar Indicator Operation 3-1. . . . . .
WC-880 Weather Radar Controller Operation 3-1 1. . . .
WC-884 Weather Radar Controller Operation 3-20. . . .
Hidden Modes 3-26. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Forced Standby Override 3-26. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Roll Offset 3-27. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
Roll Gain 3-27. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Pitch Offset 3-27. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Pitch Gain 3-28. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
4. NORMAL OPERATION 4-1. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preliminary Control Settings 4-1. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Standby 4-4. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
Radar Mode - Weather 4-4. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Radar Mode - Ground Mapping 4-6. . . . . . . . .. . . .
Test Mode 4-6. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
5. RADAR FACTS 5-1. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
Radar Operation 5-1. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
Tilt Management 5-5. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
Stabilization 5-18. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Dynamic Error 5-18. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
Accelerative Error 5-18. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Pitch and Roll Trim Adjustments 5-19. . . . . . . . .. . . .
Stabilization Precheck 5-21. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Roll stabilization check 5-25. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Pitch offset adjustment 5-28. . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . ..
Roll gain adjustment 5-29. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
Pitch gain adjustment 5-30. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Interpreting Weather Radar Images 5-31. . . . . . . . .. . ..
Weather Display Calibration 5-35. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Variable Gain Control 5-37. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
A28-1146-102-00
Table of Contents
TC-1
PRIMUSr880 Digital Weather Radar System
Table of Contents (cont)
Section Page
5. RADAR FACTS (cont)
Rain Echo Attenuation Compensation Technique
(REACT) 5-37..................................
Shadowing 5-40...............................
Turbulence Probability 5-40.....................
Turbulence Detection Theory 5-42...............
Turbulence Detection Operation 5-45.............
Hail Size Probability 5-47.......................
Spotting Hail 5-48..............................
Azimuth Resolution 5-53........................
Radome 5-54....................................
Weather Avoidance 5-55...........................
Configurations of Individual Echoes (Northern
Hemisphere) 5-60............................
Line Configurations 5-65........................
Additional Hazards 5-68........................
Ground Mapping 5-69.............................
6. MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL
(MPEL) 6-1....................................
7. IN--FLIGHT TROUBLESHOOTING 7--1.............
Test Mode With TEXT FAULTS Enabled 7-2.........
Fault Code and Text Fault Relationships 7-5.........
8. HONEYWELL PRODUCT SUPPORT 8-1..........
9. ABBREVIATIONS 9-1...........................
APPENDICES
A FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA)
ADVISORY CIRCULARS A--1....................
Purpose A--1....................................
Cancellation A--1.................................
Related Reading Material A--1......................
Background A--2.................................
Precautions A--2.................................
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PRIMUSr880 Digital Weather Radar System
Table of Contents (cont)
A FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA)
ADVISORY CIRCULARS (
SUBJECT: THUNDERSTORMS A--4...............
Purpose A--4..................................
Related Reading Material A--4...................
General A--4..................................
Hazards A--4..................................
National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL)
Thunderstorm Research A--11..................
B ENHANCED GROUND--PROXIMITY WARNING
SYSTEM (EGPWS) B--1.........................
System Operation B--1............................
EGPWS Controls B--1..........................
Related EGPWS System Operation B--3..........
EGPWS Operation B--3........................
EGPWS Display B--4..........................
EGPWS Test B--6.............................
INDEX Index--1.............................................
CONT
)
List of Illustrations
Figure Page
2--1 PRIMUS
2--2 Typical PRIMUS
Components 2-5...............................
3--1 Typical PRIMUS
Display 3-1....................................
3--2 WI--880 Weather Radar Indicator Front Panel
View 3-2......................................
3--3 WI--880 Weather Radar Indicator Display Screen
Features 3-3...................................
3--4 WC--880 Weather Radar Controller Configurations 3-11.
3--5 WC--884 Weather Radar Controller 3-20.............
4--1 Indicator Test Pattern 120° Scan (WX), With TEXT
FAULT Enabled 4-2............................
4--2 EFIS Test Pattern (Typical) 120° Scan Shown
(WX) 4-3......................................
4--3 WI--880 Indicator Test Pattern With TEXT FAULT
Enabled 4-4...................................
A28--1146-- 102-- 01
REV 1
R
880 Configurations 2-2..................
R
880 Weather Radar
R
880 Digital Weather Radar
T able of Contents
TC--3
PRIMUSr880 Digital Weather Radar System
)
Table of Contents (cont)
List of Illustrations(cont
Figure Page
5--1 Positional Relationship of an Airplane and Storm
Cells Ahead as Displayed on Indicator 5-2.........
5--2 Antenna Beam Slicing Out Cross Section of Storm
During Horizontal Scan 5-3......................
5--3 Sea Returns 5-4.................................
5--4 Radar Beam Illumination High Altitude
12--Inch Radiator 5-5...........................
5--5 Radar Beam Illumination High Altitude
18--Inch Radiator 5-5...........................
5--6 Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude
12--Inch Radiator 5-6...........................
5--7 Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude
18--Inch Radiator 5-6...........................
5--8 Ideal Tilt Angle 5-11...............................
5--9 Earth’s Curvature 5-11............................
5--10 Convective Thunderstorms 5-12....................
5--11 Unaltered Tilt 5-12................................
5--12 Proper Tilt Technique 5-13.........................
5--13 Tilt Management With Heading Changes 5-13........
5--14 Fast Developing Thunderstorm 5-14.................
5--15 Low Altitude Tilt Management 5-14..................
5--16 Antenna Size and Impact on Tilt Management 5-15....
5--17 Rules of Thumb 5-15..............................
5--18 Manual Tilt at Low Altitudes 5-17....................
5--19 Symmetrical Ground Returns 5-22..................
5--20 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment
(Upper Right) 5-22...............................
5--21 Ground Return Indicating Misalignment
(Upper Left) 5-23................................
5--22 Roll Stabilization Inoperative 5-24...................
5--23 Roll Offset Adjustment Display -- Initial 5-26..........
5--24 Roll Offset Adjustment Display -- Final 5-27..........
5--25 Weather Radar Images 5-31.......................
5--26 Radar and Visual Cloud Mass 5-33..................
5--27 Squall Line 5-34..................................
5--28 REACT ON and OFF Indications 5-39...............
5--29 Probability of Turbulence Presence in a Weather
Target 5-41.....................................
5--30 T otal Return Vector 5-44...........................
5--31 No Turbulence 5-44...............................
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PRIMUSr880 Digital Weather Radar System
)
Table of Contents (cont)
List of Illustrations(cont
Figure Page
5--32 Turbulent 5-45....................................
5--33 Weather Display With Turbulence 5-45..............
5--34 Turbulence Levels (From Airman’s Information
Manual) 5-47...................................
5--35 Hail Size Probability 5-48..........................
5--36 Rain Coming From Unseen Dry Hail 5-49............
5--37 Familiar Hailstorm Patterns 5-50....................
5--38 Overshooting a Storm 5-51........................
5--39 Short-- and Long--Blind Alley 5-52...................
5--40 Azimuth Resolution in Weather Modes 5-53..........
5--41 Weather Display 5-55.............................
5--42 Typical Hook Pattern 5-61.........................
5--43 V--Notch Echo, Pendant Shape 5-62................
5--44 The Classic Pendant Shape 5-63...................
5--45 Rain Gradients 5-64...............................
5--46 Crescent Shape 5-65..............................
5--47 Line Echo Wave Pattern (LEWP) 5-66...............
5--48 Bow--Shaped Line of Thunderstorms 5-67............
5--49 Ground Mapping Display 5-69......................
6--1 MPEL Boundary 6-1.............................
7--1 Fault Annunciation on Weather Indicator With TEXT
FAULT Fields 7-3..............................
7--2 Fault Code on EFIS Weather Display With TEXT
FAULTS Disabled 7-4...........................
7--3 Radar Indication With Text Fault Enabled
(On Ground) 7-4...............................
A--1 Schematic Cross Section of a Thunderstorm A--6.....
B--1 EHSI Display Over KPHX Airport With the
EGPWS Display B--5............................
B--2 EGPWS Test Display B--6.........................
A28--1146-- 102-- 01
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T able of Contents
TC--5
PRIMUSr880 Digital Weather Radar System
Table of Contents (cont)
List of Tables
Tab l e Page
2--1 Dual Control Mode Truth Table 2-3................
2--2 PRIMUS
R
880 Weather Radar Equipment List 2-4....
3--1 Rainfall Rate Color Coding 3-4...................
3--2 T arget Alert Characteristics 3-7...................
3--3 Rainfall Rate Color Coding 3-13...................
3--4 WC--880 Controller T arget Alert Characteristics 3-17...
3--5 WC--884 Controller T arget Alert Characteristics 3-21...
3--6 Rainfall Rate Color Coding 3-24...................
4--1 PRIMUS
R
880 Power--Up Procedure 4-1..........
5--1 Approximate Tilt Setting for Minimal Ground Target
Display 12--Inch Radiator 5-8...................
5--2 Approximate Tilt Setting for Minimal Ground Target
Display 18--Inch Radiator 5-9...................
5--3 Approximate Tilt Setting for Minimal Ground Target
Display 24--Inch Radiator 5-10...................
5--4 Pitch and Roll Trim Adjustments Criteria 5-20........
5--5 Stabilization In Straight and Level Flight Check
Procedure 5-21................................
5--6 Stabilization in Turns Check Procedure 5-23........
5--7 In--flight Roll Offset Adjustment Procedure 5-25......
5--8 Pitch Offset Adjustment Procedure 5-28............
5--9 Roll Gain Adjustment 5-29........................
5--10 Pitch Gain Adjustment 5-30.......................
5--11 Display Levels Related to VIP Levels (Typical) 5-36..
5--12 Severe Weather Avoidance Procedures 5-60........
5--13 TILT Setting for Maximal Ground Target Display
12--Inch Radiator 5-70...........................
5--14 TILT Setting for Maximal Ground Target Display
18--Inch Radiator 5-71...........................
7--1 Fault Data Fields 7-3............................
7--2 T ext Faults 7-5.................................
7--3 Pilot Messages 7-8.............................
B--1 EGPWS Obstacle Display Color Definitions B--4......
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A28--1146-- 102-- 01
REV 1
PRIMUS
r
880
Digital
W
eather
Radar
System
1. Introduction
The PRIMUSR880 Digital Weather Radar System is a lightweight,
X-band digital radar with a lphanumer ics designed for weather detection
(WX) and ground mapping (GMAP).
The primary purpose of the system is to detect storms along the
flightpath and give the pilot a visual indication in color of their rainfall
intensity and turbulence content. After proper evaluation, the pilot can
chart a course to avoid these storm areas.
WARNING
THE SYSTEM PERFORMS THE FUN CTION S OF
WEATHER DETECTION OR GROUND MAPPING. IT SHOU LD
NOT BE USED NOR RELIED UPON FOR PROXIMITY
WARNING OR ANTIC OLLISION PROTECTION.
In weather detection mode, storm intensity levels are displayed in
four bright colors contrasted against a deep black background.
Areas of very heavy rainfall appear in magenta, heavy rainfall in red,
less severe rainfall in yellow, moderate rainfall in green, and little or no
rainfall in black (background). Areas of detected turbulence appear in
soft white. The antenna sweep position indicator is a yellow bar.
Range marks and identifying numerics, displayedin contrasting colors,
are provided to facilitate evaluation of storm cells.
Select the GMAP function to optimize system parameters to improve
resolution and enhance identification of small targets at short ranges.
The reflected signal from ground surfaces is displayed as magenta,
yellow, or cyan (most to least reflective).
NOTE: SectionV,RadarFacts, describesavarietyofradaroperating
topics. It is recommended that you read Section V, Radar
Facts, before learning the specific operational details of the
PRIMUSâ880 Digital Weather Radar System.
A28-1146-102-00
Introduction
1-1
PRIMUS
r
880
Digital
W
eather
Radar
System
Theradarindicatoris equippedwiththeuniversaldigitalinterface(UDI).
This feature expands the use of the radar indicator to display
information such as checklists, short and long range navigation
displays (when used with a Honeywell DATA NAV system) and
electrical discharge data from Honeywell’s LSZ-850 Lightning Sensor
System (LSS).
NOTE: Refer to Honeywell Pub. 28-1146-54, LSZ-850 Lightning
Sensor System Pilot’s Handbook, for more information.
Introduction
1-2
A28-1146-102-00
PRIMUS
r
880
Digital
W
eather
Radar
System
2. System Configurations
The PRIMUSâ880 Digital Weather Radar System can be operatedin
many configurations to display weather or ground mapping information
on a radar indicator,electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) display,
multifunctiondisplay(MFD),oronacombinationof these displays. The
various system configurations are summarized in the following
paragraphs and shown in figure 2-1.
NOTE: Other configurations are possible but not illustrated.
The stand-alone configuration consists of two units: receiver
transmitter antenna (RTA), and a dedicated radar indicator. In this
configuration,theradarindicatorcontainsallthecontrols to operatethe
PRIMUSâ880 Digital Weather Radar System. A single or dual
HoneywellEFIScanbe addedtothestand-aloneconfiguration.Insuch
a case the electronic horizontal situation indicator (EHSI) repeats the
data displayed on the radar indicator. System control remains with
the radar indicator.
The second system configuration uses an RTA, and single or dual
controllers. The single or dual EFIS is the radar display. Since there is
no radar indicator in this configuration, the radar system operating
controlsarelocatedonthecontroller. Withasinglecontroller,all cockpit
radar displays are identical.
The dual configuration gives the appearance of having two radar
systems on the aircraft. In the dual configuration, the pilot and copilot
each select independent radar mode, range, tilt, and gain settings for
display on their respective display. The dual configuration time shares
theRTA.Ontheright-to-leftantenna scan, thesystemswitchestothe
mode, range, tilt, and gain selected by the left controller and updates
the left display. On the reverse antenna scan, the system switches to
the mode, range, tilt, and gain setting selected by the right controller
and updates the right display. Either controller can be slaved to the
other controller to show identical images on both sides of the cockpit.
NOTE: When WAIT, SECTOR SCAN, or FORCED STANDBY are
activated, the radar operates as if in single controller
configuration. This is an exception to the ability of each pilot
to independently select modes.
A28-1146-102-00
System Configurations
2-1
PRIMUS
r
880
Digital
W
eather
Radar
System
RTA
WU-880
RTA
WU-880
STAND-ALONE CONFIGURATION
SINGLE OR DUAL EFIS OPTION
EFIS ONLY CONFIGURATION
CONTROLLER
PULL
VAR
MAXMIN
PULL
VAR
MAXMIN
SINGLE OR DUAL EFIS
2ND CONTROLLER
INDICATOR
WI-880
WC-880
STAB
TRB
RCTWX
SBY GMAP
FP
OFF
TST
STAB
TRB
RCTWX
SBY GMAP
FP
OFF
TST
OPTIONAL
TGT SECT
+
PULL
ACT
-
TILTSLVRADARGAIN
TGT SECT
+
PULL
ACT
-
TILTSLVRADARGAIN
System Configurations
2-2
RTA
WU-880
EFIS / MFD CONFIGURATION
MFD AND
2ND CONTROLLER
SINGLE OR DUAL EFIS
PRIMUSâ880 Configurations
Figure 2-1
CONTROLLER
WC-880
STAB
TRB
RCTWX
PULL
SBY GMAP
VAR
FP
OFF
TST
MAXMIN
STAB
TRB
RCTWX
PULL
SBY GMAP
VAR
FP
OFF
TST
MAXMIN
OPTIONAL
AD-46690-R2@
A28-1146-102-00
TGT SECT
+
PULL
ACT
-
TILTSLVRADARGAIN
TGT SECT
+
PULL
ACT
-
TILTSLVRADARGAIN
PRIMUS
r
880
Digital
W
eather
Radar
System
The third system configuration is similar to the second except that a
Honeywell multifunction display (MFD) system is added. As before,
single or dual controllers can beused. When a singlecontroller is used,
all displays show the same radar data. Dual controllers are used to
operate in the dual mode. The MFD can be slaved to either controller
toduplicatethedata displayedontheselectedside.Table2-1isatruth
table for dual control modes.
Left
Controller
Mode
Right
Controller
Mode
Left Side
(NOTE 1)
Right Side
(NOTE 1)
RTA
Mode
OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF
OFF Standby ”SLV”
Standby Standby
Standby
Standby OFF Standby ”SLV”
Standby
Standby
OFF ON ”SLV” ON ON ON
ON OFF ON ”SLV” ON ON
Standby ON Standby/
ON/2 ON
2
ON Standby ON/2 Standby/2 ON
ON ON ON/2 ON/2 ON
Standby Standby Standby Standby Standby
Dual Control Mode Truth Table
Table 2-1
A28-1146-102-00
System Configurations
2-3
PRIMUSr880 Digital Weather Radar System
NOTES: 1. ON is used to indicate any selected radar mode.
2. “SLV” means that displayed data is controlled by
opposite side controller.
3. XXX/2 means that display is controlled by appropriate
on--side control for the antenna sweep direction
associated with that control. (/2 implies two controllers
are on.)
4. In standby, the RTA is centered in azimuth with 15_
upward tilt. Video data is suppressed. The transmitter
is inhibited.
5. The MFD, if used, can repeat either left-- or right--side
data, depending upon external switch selection.
Equipment covered in this guide is listed in table 2--2 and shown in
figure 2--2.
Model Unit Part No.
Cockpit Mounted Options
WI--880 Weather Radar Indicator 7007700--401/402/
403/404
WC--880 Weather Radar Controller 7008471--4XX
WC--884 Weather Radar Controller 7006921--815/816
Remote Mounted Equipment
WU--880 Receiver Transmitter Antenna 7021450--801
NOTE: Typically, either the indicator or one of the remote
controllers (one or two) is installed.
PRIMUSR880 Weather Radar Equipment List
Tab l e 2- -2
System Configurations
2-4
A28--1146-- 102-- 03
REV 3
PRIMUS
r
880
Digital
W
eather
Radar
System
WU-880 RT A
WC-884 CONTROLLER
Typical PRIMUSâ880 Weather Radar Components
A28-1146-102-00
Figure 2-2
WC-880 CONTROLLERWI-880INDICATOR
System Configurations
AD-46691@
2-5/(2-6 blank)
PRIMUS
r
880
Digital
W
eather
Radar
System
3. Operating Controls
WI-880 WEATHER RADAR INDICATOR OPERA TION
Allcontrolsusedtooperate the system displayshown in figure 3-1,are
located on the WI-880Weather Radar Indicator front panel. There are
three basic controllers that are described in this section, they are (in
order of description):
D WI-880 Weather Radar Indicator
D WC-880 Weather Radar Controller
D WC-884 Weather Radar Controller.
AUTO
TILT
21 3 4
T
10
+1.0
50
40
30
20
AZ
Typical PRIMUSâ880 Digital
Weather Radar Display
Figure 3-1
The controls and display features of the WI-880 Weather Radar
Indicator are indexed and identified in figure 3-2. Brightness levels for
all legends and controls on the indicator are controlled by the dimming
bus for the aircraft panel.
A28-1146-102-00
Operating Controls
3-1
PRIMUS
r
880
Digital
W
eather
Radar
System
6
5
TRB
RANGE
STB
7
4
3
RCT
TGT
AZ
SCT
8
9
1
GMAP
WX FP
SBY
TST
OFF
2
PULL
VAR
MIN
12
GAIN
MAX
TILT
PULL
ACT
+
-
11
OFF
BRT
BRT
SBY
LX
CLR
TST
AD-46693-R1@
10
10
WI-880 Weather Radar Indicator Front Panel View
Figure 3-2
1 Display Area
Seefigure3-3andtheassociatedtext whichexplainsthealphanumeric
display.
Operating Controls
3-2
A28-1146-102-00
PRIMUS
r
880
Digital
W
eather
Radar
System
NOTE
FAIL
STB
TARGET/TARGET ALERT:
ARM (GREEN)
T
ALERT (YELLOW INVERTED VIDEO)
TGT
TILT ANGLE
A
ALTITUDE
COMPENSATED
TILT (ACT)
ANNUNCIATION
REACT: RCT
MODE:
STBY
FSBY
WAIT
TEST
WX
WX/T
FLTPLN
GMAP
MESSAGES ARE LISTED
NOTE:
IN PRIORITY ORDER.
COLOR BAR:
1 2 3 4 T
V A R !
1 2 3
GMAP CALIBRATED GAIN
GMAP VARIABLE GAIN
V A R
1 2 3 4 T
V A R !
WX CALIBRATED GAIN
WX VARIABLE GAIN
WX/T CALIBRATED GAIN
WX/T VAR
RANGE RING
MARKERS
(120-DEGREE
SCAN SHOWN)
AD-46694-R2@
WI-880 Weather Radar Indicator Display Screen Features
Figure 3-3
2 Function Switch
A rotary switch used to select the following functions:
D OFF- This position turns off the radar system.
D SBY (Standby) - Thisposition places the radar system in standby ,
a ready state, with the antenna scan stopped, the transmitter
inhibited, and the display memory erased. STBY, in white, is shown
in the mode field.
If SBY is selected before the initial RTA warmup period is complete
(approximately 90 seconds), the white WAIT legend is shown in
the mode field. When warmup is complete the system changes the
mode field to STBY.
D WX (Weather) - This position selects the WX mode of operation.
When WX is selected, the system is fully operationaland all internal
parameters are set for enroute weather detection. The
alphanumerics are white and WX is shown in the mode field.
A28-1146-102-00
Operating Controls
3-3
PRIMUS
r
880
Digital
W
eather
Radar
System
If WX is selected before the initial RTA warmup period is over
(approximately 90 seconds), the white WAIT legend is displayed
in the mode field. In wait mode, the transmitter and antenna scan
are inhibited and the display memory is erased. When the warmup
is complete, the system automatically switches to the WX mode.
The system, in preset gain, is calibrated as listed in table 4-1.
Rainfall Rate
Color
in/hr mm/hr
.04-.16 1-4 Green
.16-.47 4-12 Yellow
.47-2 12-50 Red
> 2 >5 0 Magenta
Rainfall Rate Color Coding
Table 3-1
D GMAP (Ground Mapping) - The GMAP position puts the radar
system in the ground mapping mode. The system is fully
operational and all parameters are set to enhance returns from
ground targets.
NOTE: R EACT, TGT,orTURBmodes are notselectable in GMAP.
WARNING
WEATHER TYPE TARGETS ARE NOT CALIBRATED WHEN
THE RADAR IS IN THE GMAP MODE. BECAUSE OF THIS, DO
NOT USE THE GMAP MODE FOR WEATHER DETECTION.
As a constant reminder that GMAP is selected, the alphanumerics
are changed to green, the GMAP legend is shown in the modefield,
and the color scheme is changed to cyan, yellow, and magenta.
Cyan represents the least reflective return, yellow is a moderate
return, and magenta is a strong return.
If GMAP is selected before the initial RTA warmup period is
complete, the white WAIT legend is shown inthe mode field. In wait
mode, the transmitter and antenna scan are inhibited and the
memory is erased. When the warmup period is complete, the
system automatically switches to the GMAP mode.
D FP(FlightPlan)-TheFPpositionputs theradarsystemintheflight
plan mode, which clears the screen of radar data so ancillary data
can be displayed. Examples of this data are:
Operating Controls
3-4
A28-1146-102-00
PRIMUSr880 Digital Weather Radar System
D FP (Flight Plan) -- The FP position puts the radar system in the flight
plan mode, which clears the screen of radar data so ancillary data
can be displayed. Examples of this data are:
— Navigation displays
— Electrical discharge (lightning) data.
NOTE: In the FP mode, the radar RTA is put in standby, the
alphanumerics are changed to cyan, and the FLTPLN
legend is shown in the mode field.
The target (TGT) alert mode can be used in the FP mode. With
target alert on and the FP mode selected, the target alert armed
annunciation (green TGT) is displayed. The RTA searches for a
hazardous target from 5 to 55 miles and ±7.5° of the aircraft heading.
No radar targets are displayed. If a hazardous target is detected,
the target alert armed annunciation switches to the alert
annunciation (yellow TGT). This advises the pilot that a hazardous
target is in his flightpath and the WX mode should be selected to
view it.
NOTE: The TGT function is inoperative when a checklist is
displayed.
D TST (Test) -- The TST position selects the radar test mode. A
special test pattern is displayed to verify system operation. The
TEST legend is shown in the mode field. Refer to Section 4, Normal
Operations, for a description of the test pattern.
WARNING
UNLESS THE SYSTEM IS IN FORCED STANDBY, THE
TRANSMITTER IS ON AND RADIATING X--BAND
MICROWAVE ENERGY IN TEST MODE. REFER TO SECTION 6,
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL (MPEL), AND THE
APPENDIX, FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA)
ADVISORY CIRCULARS, TO PREVENT POSSIBLE HUMAN BODY
DAMAGE.
FSBY (Forced Standby)
FSBY is an automatic, nonselectable radar mode. As an installation
option, the indicator can be wired to the weight--on--wheels (WOW)
squat switch. When wired, the RTA is in the FSBY mode when the
aircraft is on the ground. In FSBY mode, the transmitter and antenna
scan are both inhibited, the display memory is erased, and the FSBY
legend is displayed in the mode field. When in the FSBY mode,
pushing the STAB button 4 times within 3 seconds, restores normal
operation.
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WARNING
FOR CEDSTANDBYMOD EMUSTBEVERIFIEDBYTHEOPERATOR
TO ENSUR E SAFETY FOR GROUND PERSONNEL.
3 TGT (Target)
The TGT button is an alternate-action switch that enables and
disablestheradartargetalertfeature.Targetalertisselectableinallbut
the 300-mile range. When selected, target alert monitors beyond the
selectedrangeand7.5° on each sideof theaircraftheading.Ifareturn
with target alert characteristics is detected in the monitored area, the
target alert legend changes from the green T armed condition to the
yellow TGT warning condition. (See the target alert characteristics in
table3-2foratargetdescription.)These annunciations advise thepilot
of potentially hazardous targets directly in front of the aircraft that are
outsidetheselectedrange.Whenayellowwarningisreceived,thepilot
should select longer ranges to view the questionable target. (Note that
target alert is inactive within the selected range.)
Selecting target alert forces the system to preset gain. Target alert can
be selected only in the WX or FP modes.
NOTE: In order to activate the target alert warning, the target must
have the depth and range characteristics described in table
3-2.
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Selected Range
(NM)
Minimum Target
Depth (NM)
Target Range
(NM)
5 5 5-55
10 5 10-60
25 5 25-75
50 5 50-100
100 5 100-150
200 5 200-250
300 N/A N/A
FP (Flight Plan) 5 5-55
Target Alert Characteristics
Table 3-2
4 RCT (Rain Echo Attenuation Compensation Technique
(REACT))
The RCT switch is an alternate-action switch that enables and
disables REACT.
The REACT circuitry compensates for attenuation of the radarsignal
as it passes through rainfall. The cyan field indicates areas where
further compensation is not possible. Any target detected within
the cyan field cannot be calibrated and should be considered
dangerous. All targets in the cyan field are displayed as fourth level
precipitation, magenta.
REACT is available in the WX mode only and selecting REACT forces
the system to preset gain. When engaged, the white RCT legend is
displayed in the REACT field.
NOTES: 1. REACT’S three main functions (attenuation
compensation, cyan field, and forcing targets to
magenta)areswitchedonandoffwiththeRCTswitch.
2. Refer to Section 5, Radar Facts, for a description of
REACT.
5 STB (Stabilization)
TheSTBbuttontoggles pitchandrollstabilizationONandOFF.It isalso
used with the STB adjust mode and to override forced standby.
The radar antenna is normally attitude stabilized. It automatically
compensates for roll and pitch maneuvers (refer to Section 5, Radar
Facts, for a description of stabilization). The STB OFF annunciator is
displayed on the screen.
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The radar antenna is normally attitude stabilized. It automatically
compensates for roll and pitch maneuvers (refer to Section 5, Radar
Facts, for a description of stabilization). The STB OFF annunciator is
displayed on the screen.
6 TRB (Turbulence)
The TRB switch is used to select the turbulence detection mode of
operation. The TRB mode can only be selected if the FUNCTION
switch is in the WX position and the selected range is 50 miles or less.
The weather/turbulence mode is annunciated in the mode field with the
WX/T legend. Areas of moderate or greater turbulence are shown in
soft white. The turbulence threshold is five meters per second.
WARNINGS
1. TURBULENCE CAN ONLY BE DETECTED WITHIN AREAS OF
RAINFALL. THE PRIMUS
R
880 DIGITAL WEATHER RADAR
SYSTEM CANNOT DETECT CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE.
2. UNDETECTED TURBULENCE CAN EXIST WITHIN ANY
STORM CELL. REFER TO SECTION 5, RADAR FACTS, OF THIS
GUIDE FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
Selecting the 100--, 200--, or 300--mile range turns off turbulence
detection. The /T is deleted from the mode annunciation. Subsequently
selecting ranges of 50 miles or less re--engages turbulence detection.
A description of the turbulence detection capabilities and limitations is
given in Section 5 , Radar Facts, of this guide.
7 RANGE
The RANGE buttons are two momentary--contact buttons used to
select the operating range of the radar. The range selections are from
5 to 300 NM full scale. In FP mode, additional ranges of 500 and 1000
NM are available. The up arrow selects increasing ranges, and the
down arrow selects decreasing ranges. Each of the five range rings on
the display has an associated marker that annunciates its range.
8 AZ (Azimuth)
The AZ button is an alternate--action switch that enables and disables
the electronic azimuth marks. When enabled, azimuth marks at 30_
intervals are displayed. The azimuth marks are the same color as the
other alphanumerics.
9 SCT (Scan Sector)
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10 BRT (Brightness) or BRT/LSS (Lightning Sensor System)
The BRT knob is a single-turncontrolthatadjusts the brightness ofthe
display. Clockwise (cw) rotation increases display brightness and
counterclockwise (ccw) rotation decreases brightness.
An optional BRT/LSS four-position rotary switch selects theseparate
LSZ-850 Lightning Sensor System (LSS) operating modes and the
brightnesscontrolonsomemodels.ItsLSS controlswitchpositionsare
as follows:
D OFF - This position removes all power from the LSS.
D SBY (Standby) - This position inhibits the display of LSS data, but
the system accumulates data in this mode.
D LX (Lightning Sensor System) - In this position the LSS is fully
operational and data is being displayed on the indicator.
D CLR/TST(Clear/Test)-Inthis positionaccumulateddataiscleared
from the memory of the LSS. After 3 seconds the test mode is
initiated in the LSS. Refer to the LSZ-850Lightning Sensor System
Pilot’s Handbook, for a detailed description of LSS operation.
11 TILT
The TILT knob is a rotary control that is used to select the tilt angle of
the antenna beam with relation to the horizon. CW rotation tilts beam
upward to +15_; ccw rotation tilts beam downward to -15_.
A digital readout of the antenna tilt angle is displayed on the CRT, with
0.5_ resolution.
D PULL ACT (Altitude Compensated Tilt) Function - When the
TILT control knob is pulled out, the system engages the ACT. In ACT
the antenna tilt is automatically adjusted with regard to the selected
range and barometric altitude. The antenna tilt automatically
readjusts with changes in altitude and/or selected range. In ACT, the
tilt control can fine tune the autotilt setting by ±2°.
ACT is annunciated with an A following the digital tilt readout. The
digital tilt readout always shows the commanded tilt of the antenna
regardless of the tilt command source (ACT command or manual tilt
command).
WARNINGS
1. TO AVOID FLYING UNDER OR OVER STORMS,
FREQUENTLY SELECT MANUAL TILT TO SCAN BOTH
ABOVE AND BELOW YOUR FLIGHT LEVEL.
2. ALWAYS USE MANUAL TILT FOR WEATHER ANALYSIS.
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12 GAIN
The GAIN knob is a single-turn rotary control and push/pull switch that
is used to control the receivergain. Push in onthe GAIN switch to enter
the system into the preset calibrated gain mode. Calibrated gain is the
normalmodeandis used forweatheravoidance.Incalibratedgain,the
rotary portion of the GAIN control does nothing. In calibrated gain, the
colorbarlegendis labeled1,2,3,4inWXmode or 1,2,3inGMAPmode.
Pull out on the GAIN switch to enter the system into the variable gain
mode with VAR displayed in the color bar. Variable gain is useful for
additional weather analysis and for ground mapping. In WX mode,
variable gain can increase receiver sensitivity over the calibrated level
to show very weak targets or it can be reduced below the calibrated
level to eliminate weak returns.
WARNING
HAZARDOUS TARGETS MAY BE ELIMINATED FROM THE DISPLAY WITH LOW SETTINGS OF VARIABLE GAIN.
In the GMAP mode, variable gain is used to reduce the level of the
typically very strong returns from ground targets.
Minimum gain is with the control at its full ccw position. Gain increases
as the control is rotated cw from full ccw . At full cw position, the gain
is at maximum.
In variable gain, the color bar legendcontains the variable gain (VAR)
annunciation. Selecting RCT or TGT forces the system into calibrated
gain.
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WC-880 WEATHER RADAR CONTROLLER OPERATION
The controls and display features of the WC-880 Weather Radar
Controller are indexed andidentified in figure 3-4.Brightness levelsfor
all legend and controls on the indicator are controlled by the dimming
bus for the aircraft panel.
7 6 5 4 3
OFF
TRB STAB TGT SECT
MAXMIN
PULL
VAR
SBY GMAP
OFF
RCTWX
FP
TST
RADARGAIN
SLV
OFF
LSS
LXSBY
CLR
TST
PULL
ACT
TILT
+
-
8 1 9 10 2
AD-46695-R1@
7 6 5 4 3
OFF
TRB STAB TGT SECT
MAXMIN
PULL
VAR
SBY GMAP
OFF
RCTWX
FP
TST
SLVRADARGAIN
PULL
ACT
TILT
+
-
8 1 9 2
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WC-880 Weather Radar Controller Configurations
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6 5 4 3
TRB STAB TGT SECT
MAXMIN
PULL
VAR
SBY GMAP
OFF
RCTWX
FP
TST
OFF
LXSBY
CLR
TST
LSSSLVRADARGAIN
PULL
ACT
TILT
+
-
8 1 10 2
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WC-880 Weather Radar Controller Configurations
Figure 3-4
NOTES: 1. With a controller without built-inrange control, range
iscontrolled from the installed EFIS navigationdisplay
2. Controllers are available with and without the LSS
function.
3. Whenever single or dual radar controllers are used,
theradardataisdisplayedontheEFIS and/or an MFD
or navigation display (ND).
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1 RADAR
This rotary switch is used to select one of the following functions.
D OFF - This position turns the radar system off.
D SBY (Standby) -Thisposition places the radar system in standby;
a ready state, with the antenna scan stopped, the transmitter
inhibited, and the display memory erased. STBY isdisplayed on the
EFIS/MFD.
D WX (Weather) - Thisposition selects the weather detectionmode.
The system is fully operational and all internal parameters are set
for enroute weather detection.
If WX is selected before the initial RTA warmup period is complete
(approximately 45 to 90 seconds), the WAIT legend is displayed on
the EFIS/MFD. In WAITmode, the transmitter and antenna scan are
inhibited and the display memory is erased. When the warmup is
complete, the system automatically switches to the WX mode.
The system, in preset gain, is calibrated as described in table 3-3.
Rainfall Rate
Color
in/hr mm/hr
.04-.16 1-4 Green
.16-.47 4-12 Yellow
.47-2 12-50 Red
> 2 >5 0 Magenta
Rainfall Rate Color Coding
Table 3-3
D RCT (Rain Echo Attenuation Compensation Technique) - This
switch position turns on RCT.
The REACT circuitry compensates for attenuation of the radar
signal as it passes through rainfall. The cyan field indicates areas
where further compensation is not possible. Any target detected
within the cyan field cannot be calibrated and should be considered
dangerous. All targets in the cyan field are displayed as 4th level
precipitation, magenta.
RCT is a submode of the WX mode and selecting RCT forces the
sys tem to preset gain. When RCT is selected, the RCT legend is
dis playe d on the EFIS/MFD .
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NOTES: 1. REACT’s three functions (attenuation
compensation, cyan field, and forcing targets to
magenta) are switched on and off with the RCT
switch.
2. Refer to Section 5, Radar Facts, for a description
of REACT.
D GMAP (Ground Mapping) - The GMAP position puts the radar
system in the Ground Mapping mode. The system is fully
operational and all parameters are set to enhance returns from
ground targets.
NOTE: REACT, TGT, or TRB modes are not selectable in GMAP.
WARNING
WEATHER TYPE TARGETS ARE NOT CALIBRATED WH EN
THE RADAR ISINTHE GMA PMODE.BECAUSE OFTHIS, DON OT
USE THE GMAP MODE FOR WEATHER DETEC TION.
As a constant reminder that GMAP is selected, the alphanumerics
are changed to green, the GMAP legend is displayed in the
mode field, and the color scheme is changed to cyan, yellow, and
magenta. Cyan represents the least reflective return, yellow is a
moderate return, and magenta is a strong return.
If GMAP is selected before the initial RTA warmup period is
complete (approximately 45 to 90 seconds), the white WAIT legend
is displayed in the mode field. In wait mode, the transmitter and
antenna scan are inhibited and the memory is erased. When the
warmup period is complete, the system automatically switches to
the GMAP mode.
D FP(FlightPlan)-TheFPpositionputs theradarsystemintheflight
plan mode, which clears the screen of radar data so ancillary data
can be displayed. Examples of this data are:
- Navigation displays
- Electrical discharge (lightning) data.
NOTE: In the FP mode, the radar RTA is put in standby, the
alphanumeric s are changed to cyan , and the FLTPLN
legend is displayed in the mode field.
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The target alert mode can be used in the FP mode. With target alert
on and the FP mode selected , the target alert armed annunciation
(gr een TGT) is displayed. The RTA s earches for a hazardous target
from 5 to 55 miles and ±7.5 degr ees of dead ahead. No radar
tar gets are displayed. If a hazardous target is detected, the targetalert
armed annunciation switc hes to the alert annunciation (amber TGT).
This advises thepilot that a hazardous targ et is in hisflightpath and he
should select the WX mode to view it.
NOTE: When displaying checklist,the TGT func tion is inoperativ e.
D TST (Test) - The TST position selects the radar test mode. A
special test pattern is displayed to verify system operation. The
TEST legend is displayed in the mode field. Refer to Section 4,
Normal Operations, for a description of the test pattern.
WARNING
UNLESS THE SYSTEM IS IN FORCED STANDBY, THE TRANSMITTER IS ON AND RADIATING X-BAND MICROWAVE ENERGY IN
TEST MODE. REFER TO SECTION 6, MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE
EXPOSURE LEVEL (MPEL).
D FSBY (Forced Standby) - FSBY is an automatic, nonselectable
radar mode. As an installation option, the indicator can be wired
to the weight-on-wheels (WOW) squat switch. When wired, the
RTA is in the FSBY modewhen the aircraft is on the ground. In FSBY
mode, the transmitter and antenna scan are both inhibited, the
display memory is erased, and the FSBY legend is displayed in the
mode field. When in the FSBY mode, pushing the STAB button 4
times in 3 seconds restores normal operation.
The FSBY mode is a s afety feature that inhibits the transmitter on the
ground to eliminate the X-Band microwave radiation hazard. Refer to
Sec tion 6, Max imum Permissible Exp osure Level (MPEL).
WARNING
FORCED STANDBY MODE MUST BE VERIFIED BY THE OPERATOR TO ENSURE SAFETY FOR GROUND PERSONNEL.
In installationswith tworadar controllers, it is onlynecessarytooverrid e
for ced standby from one controller.
If either controller is returned to standby mode while weight is on
wheels, the system returns to the forced standby mode.
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