Hologic QDR 4500 Technical Manual



HOLOGIC

MODEL QDR®4500

FAN BEAM X-RAY BONE DENSITOMETER

TECHNICAL MANUAL

Hologic Inc.

35 Crosby Drive
Bedford, MA 01730 USA

Phone in US:

Fax (Domestic): 781-280-0670

Fax (International): 781-280-0671

800-321-4659

Document # 080-0462

Revision E

NOTICE

The information contained in this Manual is confidential and proprietary to Hologic, Inc. This
information is provided only to authorized representatives of Hologic's customers solely for the
purpose of facilitating the use of Hologic's products. No information contained herein may be
disclosed to any unauthorized person for any purpose whatsoever without the prior written
consent of Hologic, Inc.

Hologic
products and company names, used in this manual, are trademarks and registered trademarks of
other manufacturers.

The procedures described in this document are intended solely for use by direct employees of
Hologic, Inc. or authorized Hologic Equipment Resellers and their trained technicians. Any
unauthorized or untrained persons performing these procedures may affect the warranty of the
Hologic Model QDR 4500.

Exercise proper caution when servicing the system. There are dangerous and potentially lethal
voltages accessible within the QDR 4500 system. To avoid exposure to shock hazards, the Main
circuit breaker should be switched off, and the power cord removed, before working inside any
part of the system.

The QDR 4500 Fan Beam X-ray Bone Densitometer produces ionizing radiation in the form of
X-rays. It may be dangerous to the patient, operator or service technician unless safe exposure
factors and operating instructions are observed. To avoid unsafe exposure, do not attempt to
service this equipment unless you are a Hologic, Inc. certified service technician. Exercise proper
caution when servicing the system. A dosimeter (film badge) should always be worn while on
site. Dose and scatter radiation measurements must be taken after each service call to ensure that
these parameters are still within specifications.

Hologic, Inc. has made all reasonable effort to ensure that the information in this manual is
accurate and complete. Hologic, Inc. shall not, however, be liable for any technical or editorial
errors or omissions contained herein, or for incidental, special or consequential damages in
connection with the furnishing or use of this material. The information contained in this manual
is subject to change without notice.

QDR 4500

and the Hologic logo are registered trade marks of Hologic, Inc. All other

Printed in U.S.A.

Copyright

ii



1998, 1999 by Hologic, Inc., All rights reserved

RECORD OF REVISIONS

Document # 080- 0462

Date: Revision: Description:

3/95 A Release document per ECO 2501.
5/95 B Revised to include information about models QDR 4500W and QDR

4500C per ECO 2597

12/96 C Revised per ECO 3279

6/98 D Add FDA required information about system specifications (Section 1).

Add new Leakage Testing Procedure on page 3-25.
Add Reproducibility Test on page 3-27.
Add information about Radiation Measurement Report on page 3-28.
Other revisions per ECO 3822.

4/99 E Revise per ECO 4221.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................1-1

SYSTEM OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................................................1-1

X-RAY SCANNING THEORY................................................................................................................................1-2

FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW....................................................................................................................................1-4

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................................................1-8

BMD Precision:...................................................................................................................................................1-10

Duty Cycle:.........................................................................................................................................................1-10

Leakage Technique Factors................................................................................................................................. 1-10

Minimum Beam Filtration...................................................................................................................................1-10

Measured Half Value Layer (HVL) At Different Operating Potentials.............................................................. .1-11

Line Voltage and Maximum Line Current..........................................................................................................1-11

Technique Factors for Maximum Line Current...................................................................................................1-11

Maximum Deviation............................................................................................................................................1-11

Measurement Criteria for Technique Factors......................................................................................................1-11

SECTION 2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION................................................................................2-1

COMPUTER .............................................................................................................................................................2-1

COMMUNICATIONS CONTROLLER BOARD.....................................................................................................2-1

Interface Connections............................................................................................................................................2-1

DISTRIBUTION BOARD.........................................................................................................................................2-3

Power ....................................................................................................................................................................2-3

Interface Connections............................................................................................................................................2-4

MOTOR CONTROLLER BOARD...........................................................................................................................2-5

Power ....................................................................................................................................................................2-5

Interface Connections............................................................................................................................................2-6

TZ DRIVE BOARD..................................................................................................................................................2-7

Service Switches....................................................................................................................................................2-7

Power ....................................................................................................................................................................2-8

Interface Connections............................................................................................................................................2-8

CONTROL PANEL CONTROLLER BOARD................................................................................................. ......2-11

Power ..................................................................................................................................................................2-11

Interface Connections..........................................................................................................................................2-12

C-ARM INTERFACE BOARD...............................................................................................................................2-15

Continuity Daisy Chain.......................................................................................................................................2-15

Power ..................................................................................................................................................................2-15

Interface Connections..........................................................................................................................................2-16

X-RAY CONTROLLER ASSEMBLY....................................................................................................................2-18

Interface...............................................................................................................................................................2-18

X-Ray Controller Assembly Boards............................................................................................... .....................2-20

I/O and Logic Board.......................................................................................................................................2-20

Low Voltage Power Supply............................................................................................................................2-20

Power Factor Regulator (PFR) Substitution Board.........................................................................................2-21

Duty Cycle Regulator......................................................................................................................................2-21

H-Bridge Board...............................................................................................................................................2-21

Interface Connections.....................................................................................................................................2-21

X-RAY SOURCE UNIT..........................................................................................................................................2-26

DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM...........................................................................................................................2-26

Solid State Detector.............................................................................................................................................2-27

Power..............................................................................................................................................................2-27

Interface Connections.....................................................................................................................................2-27

INTEGRATOR/MULTIPLEXOR BOARD............................................................................................................2-28

Power..............................................................................................................................................................2-29

Interface Connections.....................................................................................................................................2-29

Analog To Digital Board.....................................................................................................................................2-30

Power..............................................................................................................................................................2-31

iv

Interface Connections......................................................................................................................................2-31

POWER MODULE .................................................................................................................................................2-32

SECTION 3 INSTALLATION.......................................................................................................3-1

REQUIRED TOOLS..................................................................................................................................................3-1

REQUIRED DOCUMENTATION............................................................................................................................3-1

ROOM AND DOORWAY SIZE...............................................................................................................................3-2

ARRANGE FOR HELP.............................................................................................................................................3-4

INSPECT FOR VISIBLE SHIPPING DAMAGE .....................................................................................................3-4

UNCRATE UNIT......................................................................................................................................................3-5

INSPECT FOR HIDDEN SHIPPING DAMAGE .....................................................................................................3-6

TAKE INVENTORY.................................................................................................................................................3-6

MEASURE PATH TO FINAL DESTINATION.......................................................................................................3-6

Short Doorway.......................................................................................................................................................3-6

Narrow Hallway.....................................................................................................................................................3-7

REMOVE TABLE TOP (IF NECESSARY).............................................................................................................3-7

REMOVE QDR 4500A, OR SL, C-ARM (IF NECESSARY)..................................................................................3-8

PREPARING THE TABLE TOP FOR MOVING (SL only)..................................................................................3-10

MOVE UNIT TO DESTINATION (VERTICAL POSITION)................................................................................3-10

MOVE UNIT TO DESTINATION (HORIZONTAL POSITION)..........................................................................3-11

SET UP UNIT..........................................................................................................................................................3-13

INSTALL QDR 4500A, OR QDR 4500SL, UPPER C-ARM .................................................................................3-15

INSTALL QDR 4500W, OR QDR 4500C, C-ARM................................................................................................3-16

INSTALL COMPUTER ..........................................................................................................................................3-17

INSTALL CABLES.................................................................................................................................................3-17

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS......................................................................................................................................3-18

CHECK POWER LINE VOLTAGE........................................................................................................................3-18

Measure Line Voltage.........................................................................................................................................3-18

Measure Isolation Transformer Secondary Voltage.............................................................................................3-18

CHECK TUBE KV PEAK POTENTIAL................................................................................................................3-19

CHECK TUBE CURRENT.....................................................................................................................................3-21

CHECK BELT TENSION.......................................................................................................................................3-23

ADJUST C-ARM Y BELT......................................................................................................................................3-23

CALIBRATE MOTORS..........................................................................................................................................3-23

CHECK X-RAY BEAM ALIGNMENT..................................................................................................................3-23

CALIBRATE APERTURE (QDR 4500A AND SL)...............................................................................................3-23

CHECK LASER POSITIONING OFFSET.............................................................................................................3-24

ADJUST A/D GAIN CONTROL.............................................................................................................................3-24

PERFORM BEAM FLATTENING.........................................................................................................................3-24

PERFORM LATERAL ALIGNMENT TEST.........................................................................................................3-24

MEASURE X-RAY DOSE TO PATIENT ..............................................................................................................3-24

CHECK HVPS/S (TANK) FOR RADIATION LEAKAGE....................................................................................3-25

CALIBRATE FOR AREA, BMD AND BMC.........................................................................................................3-26

TEST SCAN MODES.............................................................................................................................................3-26

FINISH ASSEMBLING UNIT................................................................................................................................3-26

MEASURE X-RAY SCATTER FROM PHANTOM..............................................................................................3-27

PERFORM QC........................................................................................................................................................3-27

RUN REPRODUCIBILITY TEST..........................................................................................................................3-27

THE RADIATION MEASUREMENT REPORT....................................................................................................3-29

SECTION 4 ALIGNMENT AND CALIBRATION.........................................................................4-1

TABLE ALIGNMENT..............................................................................................................................................4-1

Checking Table Alignment....................................................................................................................................4-1

Aligning Table.......................................................................................................................................................4-1

Table Edge to T-Rail (“A” Dimension) Adjustment.........................................................................................4-1

Front to Back T-Rail and Table Edge/Rail Gap Adjustment .............................................................................4-3

C-ARM PARALLELISM ADJUSTMENT (A and SL only).....................................................................................4-3

X-RAY BEAM ALIGNMENT (A and SL only) .......................................................................................................4-4

X-RAY BEAM ALIGNMENT (C and W only)........................................................................................................4-8

v

APERTURE CALIBRATION (A and SL only) ........................................................................................................4-9

MOTOR CALIBRATION.........................................................................................................................................4-9

MOTOR$TZ (QDR 4500A and SL) ...................................................................................................................4-10

MOTOR$AY (all QDR 4500 models) ................................................................................................................4-12

MOTOR$TY (QDR 4500A and W)....................................................................................................................4-16

MOTOR$TX (all QDR 4500 models).................................................................................................................4-19

MOTOR$AR (QDR 4500A and SL)...................................................................................................................4-22

LASER POSITIONING OFFSET ADJUSTMENT.................................................................................................4-27

A/D GAIN CONTROL ADJUSTMENT.................................................................................................................4-27

BEAM FLATTENING............................................................................................................................................4-28

X-RAY BEAM ALIGNMENT "AIRSCAN" TEST...............................................................................................4-30

Machines using Body Composition Analysis (BCA)..........................................................................................4-31

Machines using BMD Whole Body Analysis......................................................................................................4-31

LATERAL ALIGNMENT TEST (QDR 4500A AND SL)......................................................................................4-31

AREA, BMD AND BMC CALIBRATION.............................................................................................................4-33

Scan Thickness Measurement & Calibration (QDR 4500A and SL)..................................................................4-33

Scan Thickness Measurement & Calibration (QDR 4500W and C)....................................................................4-36

Calibration of Area and BMC, for Array Scan Modes........................................................................................4-38

Adding Array AP Scans to the QC Database.......................................................................................................4-39

SECTION 5 REMOVE AND REPLACE PROCEDURES............................................................5-1

RECOMMENDED TOOLS......................................................................................................................................5-1

ELECTRONICS TRAY FRUS..................................................................................................................................5-1

Electronics Tray Printed Circuit Boards................................................................................................................5-1

C-Arm Y Belt ........................................................................................................................................................5-2

C-Arm Y Motor or Gearcase.................................................................................................................................5-3

C-Arm Y Encoder................................................................................................................................................. 5-4

CONTROL PANEL AND TABLE Y FRUS.............................................................................................................5-4

Control Panel.........................................................................................................................................................5-5

PCBs Under Right-Side of the Table....................................................................................................................5-5

Table Y Belt..........................................................................................................................................................5-6

Table Y Motor or Gearcase...................................................................................................... .............................5-6

Table Y Encoder....................................................................................................................................................5-7

TABLE X FRUS........................................................................................................................................................5-8

Table X Motor Controller PCB.............................................................................................................................5-8

Table X Belt..........................................................................................................................................................5-9

Table X Motor or Gearcase...................................................................................................... ...........................5-10

Table X Encoder .................................................................................................................................................5-10

TABLE Z FRUS (A and SL only)...........................................................................................................................5-11

Pedestal ...............................................................................................................................................................5-11

Linear Potentiometer (Encoder- Obsolete)..........................................................................................................5-13

The Linear Rotary String (Encoder)....................................................................................................................5-13

Installation......................................................................................................................................................5-13

ARM R FRUS .........................................................................................................................................................5-15

Motor Controller Board.......................................................................................................................................5-15

Arm R Belt..........................................................................................................................................................5-16

Arm R Motor, Gearcase, Encoder or Encoder Belt.............................................................................................5-16

Gas Spring...........................................................................................................................................................5-18

LOWER C-ARM FRUS..........................................................................................................................................5-18

C-Arm Interface Board........................................................................................................................................5-18

X-Ray Controller Assembly................................................................................................................................5-18

Filter Drum Assembly........................................................................................................... ..............................5-20

Tank Assembly....................................................................................................................................................5-21

UPPER C-ARM FRUS............................................................................................................................................5-23

Integrator/Multiplexor Board..............................................................................................................................5-23

Detector Boards...................................................................................................................................................5-24

Laser Assembly...................................................................................................................................................5-25

REAR C-ARM FRUS..............................................................................................................................................5-26

vi

Analog to Digital Converter Board......................................................................................................................5-26

POWER MODULE FRUS.......................................................................................................................................5-27

28 Volt Power Supply.........................................................................................................................................5-27

±

15 Volt Power Supply.......................................................................................................................................5-28

Line Filter .................................................................................................................... ........................................5-29

Isolation Transformer ..........................................................................................................................................5-29

Power Controller Board.......................................................................................................................................5-29

OPERATOR'S CONSOLE FRUS ...........................................................................................................................5-30

APERTURE ASSEMBLY FRUS............................................................................................................................5-32

Aperture Stepper Motor.......................................................................................................................................5-32

Aperture Motor PCB...........................................................................................................................................5-33

Aperture Position Belt.........................................................................................................................................5-33

Rotary Potentiometer...........................................................................................................................................5-34

DRUM ASSEMBLY FRUS....................................................................................................................................5-34

Drum Encoder PCB.............................................................................................................................................5-34

Drum Belts ..........................................................................................................................................................5-35

Stepper Motor Assembly.....................................................................................................................................5-36

Drum Bearings.....................................................................................................................................................5-37

REPLACING EMI CABLES ...................................................................................................................................5-39

FRU LISTS..............................................................................................................................................................5-41

Figure 5-1. Electronics Tray FRUs...................................................................................................................... 5-41

Figure 5-2. Control Panel and Table Y FRUs.....................................................................................................5-41

Figure 5-3. Left Side Table Y FRUs....................................................................................................................5-41

Figure 5-4. Table X FRUs...................................................................................................................................5-42

Figure 5-5. Table Z FRUs....................................................................................................................................5-42

Figure 5-6. Installing the Rotary String Encoder.................................................................................................5-42

Figure 5-7 C-Arm R FRUs (Outside View).........................................................................................................5-42

Figure 5-8. C-Arm R FRUs (Inside View) ..........................................................................................................5-43

Figure 5-9. Lower C-Arm FRUs..........................................................................................................................5-43

Figure 5-11. Upper C-Arm FRUs........................................................................................................................5-43

Figure 5-12. Detector Assembly Mounting.........................................................................................................5-43

Figure 5-13. Laser Assembly...............................................................................................................................5-44

Figure 5-14. Rear C-Arm FRUs ..........................................................................................................................5-44

Figure 5-15. Power Module FRUs ......................................................................................................................5-44

Figure 5-16. Power Control Panel FRUs.............................................................................................................5-44

Figure 5-17. Operator's Console Assemblies.......................................................................................................5-45

Figure 5-18. Computer Assemblies.....................................................................................................................5-46

Figure 5-19. Aperture Assembly FRUs (QDR 4500A and SL)...........................................................................5-46

Figure 5-22. Front Drum Assembly FRUs...........................................................................................................5-46

Figure 5-23. Drum Outer Bearings......................................................................................................................5-47

Figure 5-24. Drum Inner Bearings.......................................................................................................................5-47

Cables..................................................................................................................................................................5-47

Miscellaneous......................................................................................................................................................5-47

Mobile.................................................................................................................................................................5-48

Special Tools.......................................................................................................................................................5-48

SECTION 6 FAULT ISOLATION.................................................................................................6-1

BEFORE STARTING................................................................................................................................................6-1

SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION.............................................................................................................................6-1

HARDWARE CONFIGURATION...........................................................................................................................6-1

POWER PROBLEMS ............................................................................................................................................... 6-1

MOTION PROBLEMS..............................................................................................................................................6-2

CONTROL PANEL PROBLEMS.............................................................................................................................6-5

DISPLAY PROBLEMS.............................................................................................................................................6-5

Vertical Stripe........................................................................................................................................................6-6

Horizontal Stripe...................................................................................................................................................6-6

Noise......................................................................................................................................................................6-6

No Display.............................................................................................................................................................6-7

vii

TARGETING/LASER PROBLEMS.........................................................................................................................6-8

DATA COMMUNICATIONS PROBLEMS.............................................................................................................6-8

AREA /BMD/BMC/CV SPECIFICATION PROBLEMS.........................................................................................6-9

X-RAY PROBLEMS.................................................................................................................................................6-9

No X-Rays.............................................................................................................................................................6-9

X-Ray Alignment Problems ................................................................................................................................6-10

Beam Flattening Problems ..................................................................................................................................6-11

LASER PROBLEMS...............................................................................................................................................6-12

OIL LEAKAGE.......................................................................................................................................................6-13

The Torque Specifications...................................................................................................................................6-13

Tank Top Cover Components and Screw Location.............................................................................................6-13

Tightening the Lexan Cup Screws.......................................................................................................................6-14

Tightening the Bladder Gasket Screws................................................................................................................6-14

Tightening the Transformer Seal Screws.............................................................................................................6-14

Tightening the Tank Cover Gasket Screws..........................................................................................................6-15

MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS ..........................................................................................................................6-16

MESSAGES............................................................................................................................................................6-16

NO A/C LINE INTERRUPTS.................................................................................................................................6-17

ERROR MESSAGE LIST.......................................................................................................................................6-19

SECTION 7 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE...............................................................................7-1

CUSTOMER PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE......................................................................................................7-1

FIELD SERVICE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE...............................................................................................7-1

Guide Rail and Bearing Maintenance....................................................................................................................7-2

SECTION 8 PCB SUMMARY INFORMATION ...........................................................................8-1

Power Distribution................................................................................................................................................8-1

ADC......................................................................................................................................................................8-1

Signal Distribution............................................................................................................ ....................................8-2

Communications Controller..................................................................................................................................8-2

Detector Array Assembly......................................................................................................................................8-3

TZ Drive................................................................................................................................................................8-3

Stepper Motor Controller......................................................................................................................................8-4

Control Panel Controller.......................................................................................................................................8-4

SECTION 9 SOFTWARE TOOLS...............................................................................................9-1

SUSQ ....................................................................................................................................................................9-1

SQKEYPAD .........................................................................................................................................................9-4

APPENDIX A SOFTWARE DEINSTALLATION/INSTALLATION...................................................1

APPENDIX B CROSS-CALIBRATION............................................................................................1

viii

TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1. QDR 4500 ................................................................................................................1-2

Figure 1-2. Q Scan Plot.................................................................................................................1-3

Figure 1-3. QDR 4500 Block Diagram (Operator's Console).......................................................1-4

Figure 1-4. QDR 4500 Block Diagram (Scanner Unit) ................................................................1-5

Figure 1-5. QDR 4500 Block Diagram (C-Arm Subsystem)........................................................1-6

Figure 2-1. Communications Controller Board/Distribution Board Interconnection Diagram....2-3

Figure 2-2. Distribution Board High Level Interconnection Diagram..........................................2-4

Figure 2-3. Distribution Board/Motor Controller Board Interconnection Diagram.....................2-6

Figure 2-4. Distribution Board/TZ Drive Board Interconnection Diagram..................................2-9

Figure 2-5. Control Panel Controller Interconnection Diagram ...............................................2-12

Figure 2-6. Distribution Board/C-Arm Interface Board Interconnection Diagram....................2-16

Figure 2-7. C-Arm Interface Board High Level Interconnection Diagram................................2-18

Figure 2-8. C-Arm Interface Board/X-Ray Controller Assembly Interconnection Diagram....2-19

Figure 2-9. X-Ray Controller Assembly High-Level Interconnection Diagram........................2-21

Figure 2-10. Low Voltage Power Supply Board Interconnections............................................2-22

Figure 2-11. PFR Substitution Board/I/O and Logic Board Interconnection Diagram.............2-24

Figure 2-12. I/O and Logic Board/H-Bridge Board Interconnection Diagram..........................2-24

Figure 2-13. I/O and Logic Board/Duty Cycle Driver Board Interconnection Diagram...........2-25

Figure 2-14. H-Bridge Board/Duty Cycle Driver Board Interconnection Diagram...................2-25

Figure 2-15. Integrator/Multiplexor Board/Solid State Detector Boards Interconnection Diagram2-27
Figure 2-16. Analog Digital Converter Board/Integrator Multiplexor Board Interconnection

Diagram..................................................................................................................2-29

Figure 2-17. C-Arm Interface Board/Analog/Digital Converter Board Interconnection Diagram2-31

Figure 2-18. Power Module Block Diagram..............................................................................2-33

Figure 3-1. Room Layout (4500A) ...............................................................................................3-2

Figure 3-2. System Dimensions (4500SL)....................................................................................3-3

Figure 3-3. System Dimensions (4500W).....................................................................................3-3

Figure 3-4. System Dimensions (4500C)......................................................................................3-4

Figure 3-5. Crated Unit (QDR 4500A and QDR 4500SL) ...........................................................3-5

Figure 3-6. Uncrated Unit (QDR 4500A and QDR 4500 SL) ......................................................3-7

Figure 3-7. Table X Drive.............................................................................................................3-8

Figure 3-8. Tipping Unit...............................................................................................................3-9

Figure 3-9. Moving and Tilting the Unit Down..........................................................................3-11

Figure 3-10. Auxiliary Horizontal Caster Installation................................................................3-12

Figure 3-11. Shipping Bracket Locations (QDR 4500A and SL)...............................................3-13

Figure 3-12. Shipping Bracket Locations (QDR 4500A and SL)...............................................3-14

Figure 3-13. Shipping Bracket Locations (QDR 4500W and C)................................................3-14

Figure 3-14. Shipping Bracket Location (QDR 4500W and C)..................................................3-15

Figure 3-15. Repositioning the Belt Tensioning Mechanism.....................................................3-16

Figure 3-16. Isolation Transformer Taps....................................................................................3-17

Figure 3-17. Peak Potential Mode 4............................................................................................3-20

Figure 3-18. Peak Potential Mode 3............................................................................................3-20

Figure 3-19. Tube Current Mode 1.............................................................................................3-22

ix

Figure 3-20. Tube Current Mode 3.............................................................................................3-22

Figure 3-21. Leakage Test Shield (099-0566)............................................................................3-25

Figure 4-1. Table Alignment.........................................................................................................4-2

Figure 4-2. Pedestal (covers removed)..........................................................................................4-3

Figure 4-3. X-Ray Alignment Fixture (010-0923)........................................................................4-4

Figure 4-4. Inserting The X-Ray Alignment Fixture ....................................................................4-5

Figure 4-5. The Alignment Fixture Properly Installed..................................................................4-6

Figure 4-6. Filter Drum Adjustments - Top View ........................................................................4-6

Figure 4-7. Array Assembly - Top View, Partial..........................................................................4-7

Figure 5-1. Electronics Tray FRUs...............................................................................................5-3

Figure 5-2. Control Panel and Table Y FRUs...............................................................................5-5

Figure 5-3. Left Side Table Y FRUs.............................................................................................5-7

Figure 5-4. Table X FRUs.............................................................................................................5-9

Figure 5-5. Table Z FRUs...........................................................................................................5-12

Figure 5-6. Installing the Rotary String Encoder........................................................................5-14

Figure 5-7 C-Arm R FRUs (Outside View)................................................................................5-15

Figure 5-8. C-Arm R FRUs (Inside View)..................................................................................5-17

Figure 5-9. Lower C-Arm FRUs.................................................................................................5-20

Figure 5-10. Top View of Tank ..................................................................................................5-22

Figure 5-11. Upper C-Arm FRUs................................................................................................5-24

Figure 5-12. Detector Assembly Mounting.................................................................................5-25

Figure 5-13. Laser Assembly......................................................................................................5-26

Figure 5-14. Rear C-Arm FRUs..................................................................................................5-27

Figure 5-15. Power Module FRUs..............................................................................................5-28

Figure 5-16. Power Control Panel FRUs ....................................................................................5-30

Figure 5-17. Operator's Console Assemblies..............................................................................5-31

Figure 5-18. Computer Assemblies.............................................................................................5-32

Figure 5-19. Aperture Assembly FRUs (QDR 4500A and SL)..................................................5-33

Figure 5-20. Aperture Assembly Removal (QDR 4500A and SL).............................................5-35

Figure 5-21. Rear Drum Assembly FRUs...................................................................................5-36

Figure 5-22. Front Drum Assembly FRUs..................................................................................5-37

Figure 5-23. Drum Outer Bearings .............................................................................................5-38

Figure 5-24. Drum Inner Bearings..............................................................................................5-39

Figure 5-25. The EMI Compliance Cable...................................................................................5-40

Figure 6-1. Scanner Motion Directions.........................................................................................6-3

Figure 6-2. Checking C-Arm Parallelism....................................................................................6-10

Figure 6-3 Tank Assembly Top view..........................................................................................6-13

Figure 6-4 Lexan Cup Screw Tightening Order..........................................................................6-14

Figure 6-5. Bladder Gasket Screws.............................................................................................6-14

Figure 6-6. Transformer Screws .................................................................................................6-15

Figure 6-7. Tank Cover Gasket...................................................................................................6-16

Figure 7-1. Guide Bearing and Rail..............................................................................................7-3

Figure 9-1. SUSQ Screen−X-Rays OFF .......................................................................................9-2

Figure 9-2. SUSQ Screen−X-Rays ON.........................................................................................9-2

Figure 9-3. SUSQ Screen Settings................................................................................................9-3

x

SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION

SYSTEM OVERVIEW

The Hologic QDR4500 X-ray Bone Densitometer (Figure 1-1) estimates the bone mineral
content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of selected areas of the body, or of the entire
skeleton. It does so using X-rays of two different energy levels. This dual-energy scheme allows
soft tissue within the selected area to be subtracted out, leaving only bone to be scanned and
estimated.

Note:

The patient lies face up on the table and, with the aid of a cross-hair laser, the operator positions
the scanning arm over the region of interest. After entering patient data and selecting the type
and size of scan desired, the operator initiates the scan with a single keystroke.

The operator is not required to select technique factors, as tube current and voltage are pre­selected and fixed. Since testing is performed by fan beam method rather than by flooding the
area as in conventional radiography, the scanning time is a function of the dimensions of the area
to be measured, the desired resolution and the desired precision.

This manual uses "QDR 4500" to refer to all models in the QDR 4500 series systems.
Information presented in this manual, that applies only to a particular model, or models,
will be noted as such.

BMC results are expressed in grams of calcium hydroxyapatite, and BMD is reported in
grams/cm2 of the same compound.

Note:

The QDR 4500 employs a patented Automatic Internal Reference System, which continuously
calibrates the machine to eliminate the effects of variations in temperature, tube flux, etc. No
daily calibration is required. The daily scanning of a quality control phantom is required to
provide assurance that the system is functioning correctly, and to aid in the detection of any long­term drift.

The X-ray scans produced by the QDR 4500, and displayed on the monitor, are intended only to
locate anatomical sites for measurement, and to assure the operator that the machine is operating
properly. They are not intended as a substitute for conventional film-based diagnostic scans.

In most cases, no additional shielding is necessary for patient, operator or room, and the
QDR 4500 can be placed in any convenient non-shielded examination room. Contact your
state regulatory agency for details about additional shielding requirements, if any.

1-1

Operator's Console

QDR

®

4500 Technical Manual

Scanner Unit

Figure 1-1. QDR



4500

X-RAY SCANNING THEORY

An X-ray source, consisting of a generator and tube in a common, shielded enclosure, is mounted
beneath the patient. It generates a narrow, tightly collimated, fan shaped beam of X-rays which
alternate, at power line frequency, between 100kVp and 140kVp. The source is at one end of a
C-arm. At the other end, above the patient, is a crystal/solid state detector. During a scan, the C­arm and table move under computer control to guide the beam over the desired scan area.

Before passing through the patient, the beam is filtered through a rotating drum, in which
alternating segments have radio-opacities equivalent to tissue, bone and air. When finally
intercepted by the detector, the beam contains information about the X-ray absorbing
characteristics of both the patient and the calibration materials in the filter drum. An A/D
converter, fed by the detector, supplies a complex digital signal to the computer, which uses that
signal both to construct the screen display and as the basis for its computations of BMC and
BMD.

The QDR 4500 computer algorithm is based on the principle that bone attenuates the X-ray beam
differently at high and low energies. The bone mineral content of any sample point can be
computed from:

Q = L - kH

where H and L are the logarithms of the sample attenuation at high (140kVp) and low (100kVp)
energies, respectively, and the constant k depends on the tissue attenuation characteristics of the
beam. In the QDR 4500, k is continuously measured using the “tissue” segment in the filter
wheel.

1-2

Section 1 - Introduction

The program works in the following manner:

1. Load preliminary scan and obtain regions of interest from operator.

2. Estimate k as an average value of:

- L

k = [L

tissue

air

] / [H

tissue

- H

air

]

Note:

where L
interposed by the filter drum, and L

The subscript "

indicates a low-energy measurement with tissue-equivalent material

tissue

, H

air

" designates the filter drum segment that is empty (i.e., contains neither

air

tissue

and H

are similarly defined.

air

bone- nor tissue-equivalent material).

3. Using this value of k, calculate Q for each point scanned using the formula given above
(Q = L - kH). This array of Q values constitutes a "Q scan". Displays the Q scan.

4. Compile a histogram of the Q values. Because a large portion of the scan contains soft
tissue only, this histogram will have a large peak. Choose a threshold value just above
this peak, and apply that value to discriminate, point by point in the Q scan, between
"bone" points (whose Q is above the threshold) and "non-bone" points (whose Q is
below the threshold).

Figure 1-2. Q Scan Plot

5. Use the "non-bone" points to calculate a baseline value for each scan line. Using these

points, form a new histogram and repeat steps 4 and 5 until the results converge.

6. Smooth the segment boundaries to eliminate isolated noise-generated "bone" points.

7. Display the "bone" and "non-bone" points for operator approval.

0

8. Determine the constant of proportionality (d

(grams). That constant is determined by measuring how much Q shifts when bone­equivalent material is interposed by the filter drum.

9. Calculate the total bone mineral values by adding up the Q values for all "bone" points

in each region of interest (e.g., each vertebra), and multiplying by d

10. Determine the bone areas by counting the number of "bone" points in each region of

interest.

11. Calculate bone mineral density as:

) that relates the Q values to actual BMC

0

.

1-3

QDR

(

)

4500 Technical Manual

®

BMD = BMC / area

12. Display the calculated results and print the report.

FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW

This section provides a block diagram of the QDR 4500 system along with a brief functional
overview description of each block. A detailed functional description along with interconnection
diagrams and interconnection descriptions is provided in Section 2.

AC IN

POWER

ASSEMBLY

AC

POWER

STRIP

KEYBOARD

MOUSE

15/24V EMERGENCY

28V DC

AC

SCSI INTERFACE

OPTICAL DISK

OPTIONAL

MODEM

(OPTIONAL)

COMMUNICATIONS
CONTROLLER

Computer

PRINTER

VGA

AC

DISPLAY

TERMINAL

PHONE

JACK

TO/FROM
INSTRUMENT
DISTRIBUTION
(FIGURE 1.4)

TO/FROM LEFT/RIGHT PEDESTAL DRIVE (FIGURE 1.4)

TO X-RAY CONTROLLER (FIGURE 1.5)

Figure 1-3. QDR 4500 Block Diagram (Operator's Console)

1-4

TO/FROM
COMMUNICATION
CONTROLLER

Section 1 - Introduction

TO/ FROM C-ARM INTERFACE (FIGURE 1-5)

CONTROL

PANEL

CONTROLLER

CONTRO L PANEL

15/24V

EMERGENCY

28V DC

TO/FROM
POWER
MODULE

DISTRIBUTION

LEFT/RIG HT PEDESTAL

TX STEPPER

MOTOR
DRIVER

TY STEPPER

MOTOR
DRIVER

AR STEPPER

MOTOR
DRIVER

AY STEPPER

MOTOR
DRIVER

TZ DRI V E

MOTOR

CONTROLLER

TABLE IN/OUT

MOTOR AND

POSITION ENCODER

TABLE LEFT/RIGHT

MOTOR AND

POSITION ENCODER

C_ARM ROTATI ON

MOTOR AND

POSITION ENCODER

C_ARM CARRIAGE

MOTOR AND

POSITION ENCODER

PEDESTAL LEFT

MOTOR AND

POSITION ENCODER

PEDESTAL RIGHT

MOTOR AND

POSITION ENCODER

Figure 1-4. QDR 4500 Block Diagram (Scanner Unit)

1-5

QDR

®

4500 Technical Manual

LASER

ASSEMBLY

TO/FROM
DISTRIBUTION

FROM POWER MODULE

C-ARM

INTERFACE

Figure 1-5. QDR 4500 Block Diagram (C-Arm Subsystem)

ANALOG TO

DIGITAL

CONVERTER

CONTROLLER

X_RAY

INTEGRATOR

MULTIPLEXOR

SILICON

DETECTORS

APERTURE

MOTOR AND

SENSOR

DRUM

MOTOR AND

ENCODER PICKUP

X_RAY

SOURCE

UNIT

Block Description

Computer Controls and commands all QDR 4500 hardware modules.
Communications

Controller

Controls the flow of commands to and from the Scanner modules via the
communications bus.

Distribution Board Provides the interconnections between the QDR 4500 Operator's Console

and the Scanner.

Control Panel
Controller

Interfaces the Scanner’s Control Panel to the Operator's Console
computer software.

Control Panel Provides switches (with visual indicators) for moving the Scanner’s C-

Arm and Patient Table. Also provides an Emergency Stop switch.

TZ Drive Motor
Controller

Controls the motion of the Patient’s Table left and right pedestal motors
based on commands from the computer software.

1-6

Section 1 - Introduction

Table Up/Down
Motor and Position
Encoder

TX Stepper Motor
Driver

Table In/Out Motor
and Position
Encoder

TY Stepper Motor
Driver

Table Left/Right
Motor and Position
Encoder

AR Stepper Motor
Driver

C-Arm Rotation
Motor and Position
Encoder

AY Stepper Motor
Driver

Raises or lowers the Patient Table and provides position monitoring.

Controls the motion of the Patient’s Table in and out motor based on
commands from the computer software.

Moves the Patient Table in and out and provides position monitoring.

Controls the motion of the Patient’s Table left and right motor based on
commands from the computer software.

Moves the Patient Table left and right and provides position monitoring.

Controls the motion of the C-Arm rotation motor based on commands
from the computer software.

Rotates the C-Arm and provides position monitoring.

Controls the motion of the C-Arm left and right motor based on
commands from the computer software.

C-Arm AY Motor
and Position
Encoder

C-Arm Interface Controls the Aperture and Filter Drum motors, generates timing signals

X-Ray Controller Controls the operation of the X-ray source.
X-Ray Source Unit Generates the X-ray beam.
Solid State Detectors Converts the X-rays into electrical signals.
Integrator/

Multiplexor
Analog to Digital

Converter
Positioning Laser Provides a laser beam to assist in positioning the patient on the Patient

Moves the C-Arm left and right and provides position monitoring.

for the X-Ray Controller and the Data Acquisition System, and provides
power to the Positioning Laser.

Integrates the signals from the Solid State Detectors and applies them to
the Analog to Digital Converter.

Converts the analog signals from the Integrator/Multiplexor to a digital
format.

Table.

1-7

QDR

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

SPECIFICATION MODEL DEFINITION

Scanning Method: A,SL Multidetector array, Indexing table, and motorized C-arm

W,C Multidetector array, Indexing table, and Arm

Switched Pulse Dual-Energy X-ray tube, operating at 100 and

X-ray System: All

Detector System:

SL

C,W

Scanning Sites:

SL Lumbar spine (in AP and lateral projections), proximal femur (hip)

W Lumbar spine, proximal femur (hip), and whole body

Scan Region: A,W 195cm (76.77") x 65cm (25.59")

SL 96cm (38") x 65cm (25.59")

Scatter Radiation:

All

Leakage
Radiation:

External Shielding
Requirement:

Calibration: All
System Weight: Scanner Console

(installed)

(shipping)

All

All Contact state regulatory agency.

SL 365kg 800lb

W 310kg 680lb

SL 660kg 1450lb

W 622kg 1370lb

140kV, 5mA avg. at 50% duty cycle, 2.5mA avg. at 25% duty cycle,
30s maximum, Tungsten target

216 multichannel detector consisting of CdWO4 scintillators

A

coupled to Silicon diodes
128 multichannel detector consisting of CdWO4 scintillators
coupled to Silicon diodes
64 multichannel detector consisting of CdWO4 scintillators coupled
to Silicon diodes
Lumbar spine (in AP and lateral projections), proximal femur (hip),

A

and whole body

C Lumbar spine, proximal femur (hip)

C 96cm (38") x 51cm (20")

Less than 10µGy/h (1mrad/h) at 2m (79 in.) from the center of the
X-ray beam for all scans except images, which is less than
10µGy/h (1mrad/h) at 3.5m (138 in.) from the center of the X-ray
beam.

The QDR-4500 meets the requirements of 21 CFR 1020.30(k) for
leakage from the X-ray source

Self Calibrating using HOLOGIC Automatic Internal Reference
System. Operator calibration NOT required.

A 365kg 800lb

C 295kg 650lb

A 660kg 1450lb

C 610kg 1340lb

4500 Technical Manual

68kg 150lb

System

®

1-8

Section 1 - Introduction

SPECIFICATION MODEL DEFINITION

Operating

Temperature:

All 15

Humidity: All 20 - 80% relative Humidity, non-condensing

Footprint: Length Width Height

C-arm not
rotated, table not

A 2.02 79.5 1.40 55 1.42 56

extended

o

- 32o C (60o - 90o F)

m inches m inches m inches

C-arm rotated,
table extended

C-arm not rotated
C-arm rotated
table extended
table not

extended

A 3.02 119 1.50 59 1.42 56

SL 2.02 79.5 1.40 55 1.42 56
SL 2.02 79.5 1.50 59 1.42 56

W 3.02 119 1.50 59 1.42 56
W 2.02 79.5 1.22 48 1.42 56

C 2.02 79.5 1.40 55 1.42 56

Average Heat
Load:

Patient Table
Height:

Positioning Laser: All

X-ray Collimation:

Lateral Tracking:

ALL 1000w (3400 BTU/hr)

A,SL Adjustable, 71cm (28") from floor when scanning in AP mode
W,C 71cm (28”)

Laser Diode (<1mW) cross hair, with emergency mechanical

shutter
A,SL Selectable by scan type
W,C 1.0mm slit

A,SL

Exam table is capable of moving +/-2.54cm (1.0") in the x-axis

from center location with scan arm in lateral position.
C,W N/A

Leakage Current: All Normal <75µA Single Fault <400µA
Resolution:

A/SL 1 line pair/mm (approximately 0.5mm)

C/W 0.5 line pair/mm (approximately 1.0mm)

1-9

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

®

BMD Precision:

SCAN TIME DOSE

EXAM MODEL (seconds) in vivo PRECISION mGy mrad

AP Spine Array All 60 1.0% 0.20 20.0
AP Spine Fast All 30 1.5% 0.10 10.0
AP Spine High Definition A,SL 120 1.0% 0.20 20.0
AP Spine Turbo A,SL 10 2.0% 0.07 7.0

W,C 15 2.0% 0.05 5.0

Forearm A,SL 30 1.0% 0.05 5.0

W,C 30 1.0% 0.10 10.0
Hip Array All 60 1.0% 0.20 20.0
Hip Fast All 30 1.5% 0.10 10.0
Hip High Definition A,SL 120 1.0% 0.20 20.0
Hip Turbo A,SL 10 2.0% 0.07 7.0

W,C 15 2.0% 0.05 5.0
Lateral Spine Array A,SL 240 1.0% 0.70 70.0
Lateral Spine Fast A,SL 120 1.0% 0.35 35.0
Lateral Spine High Def. A,SL 240 1.0% 0.70 70.0
Whole Body A 180 1.0% 0.01 1.0

W 407 1.0% 0.015 1.5

Duty Cycle:

A

SL,W,C 50% for all Scan Modes

50% for all scan modes except Whole Body
100% for Whole Body scans

Leakage Technique Factors

The leakage technique factors for all models of QDR 4500’s are the same. It is the maximum
continuous current at the maximum peak potential. This is X-ray mode #3. Peak potential
140/100kVp. (dual energy), current 10mA peak 25% duty cycle or 2.5mA average.

Minimum Beam Filtration

The minimum filtration permanently in the beam is 3.7mm Al equivalent @80kV.

1-10

Section 1 - Introduction

Measured Half Value Layer (HVL) At Different Operating Potentials

Measured operating potential Measured Half Value Layer

QDR4500A/SL

80kV 3.7mm Al equivalent
100kV 4.7mm Al equivalent
140kV 7.2mm Al equivalent

QDR4500C/W

80kV 3.7mm Al equivalent
100kV 5.0mm Al equivalent
140kV 6.5mm Al equivalent

Line Voltage and Maximum Line Current

Power
Requirements:

All

100VAC 16A 50/60Hz, Max apparent resistance = 0.32 ohm
120VAC 14A 50/60Hz, Max apparent resistance = 0.32 ohm
230VAC 8A 50/60Hz, Max apparent resistance = 1.28 ohm

Technique Factors for Maximum Line Current

Peak Potential 140kVp
Tube Current 10mA peak, 50% duty factor or 5mA average.

Maximum Deviation

The maximum deviation from the preindication given by labeled technique factor control settings
or indicators are as follows:

Peak Potential: +/- 15%
Current: +/- 40%
Time : +/- 10%

Measurement Criteria for Technique Factors

The measurement criteria of the technique factors is as follows:

Peak Potential: The voltage peak is measured with an oscilloscope. Voltage is a square pulse.

Peak is defined as the peak voltage of the 4 millisecond pulse shape, not
counting any initial overshoot.

Current: Current is measured with an oscilloscope on the last millisecond of the 4

millisecond pulse.

Time: Time of each pulse is measured with an oscilloscope and defined as the time

between 50% rise and fall times of the peak potential pulse. Time of the scan
is measured by counting the number of AC line pulses from the start to the
end. X-ray pulses are synchronous with the AC line.

1-11

SECTION 2

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

This section provides a detailed functional description along with interconnection diagrams and
descriptions of the Hologic QDR 4500. Refer to Section 1 for a block diagram and a brief
functional description of each block.

COMPUTER

The QDR 4500 Scanner interfaces to an ISA Bus computer to control table and C-arm movement
and X-ray generation, perform all necessary calculations, and manage patient and QC database
information.

The computer is a Pentium-based (or higher) PC compatible that comes equipped with 3.5-inch
floppy disk and hard disk drives, keyboard, color monitor, and an optional Iomega 1GB JAZ
drive. For details pertaining to the computer and its associated components, please refer to the
documentation shipped with each unit.

COMMUNICATIONS CONTROLLER BOARD

The Communications Controller board handles all the communications between the Computer
and the Scanner’s C-Arm and Table assemblies. The board resides in one of the computer
internal slots and interfaces with the computer via the computer's I/O bus. It connects to the
Scanner’s Distribution board through a 50 conductor ribbon cable. This cable contains two
independent communications links (one asynchronous and one synchronous) and additional
system control signals. Each signal requires a pair of conductors for differential (RS422) noise
immunity.

The asynchronous communications link communicates with the Motor Controller boards (TX,
TY, AY and AR), the TZ Drive board, the C-Arm Interface board, and the Control Panel
Controller board. The synchronous communications link communicates with the Data
Acquisition System (DAS).

Interface Connections

Table 2-1 describes the interconnections between the Communications Controller board and the
Distribution board. The table also identifies the interconnection connector and pin assignments.

Figure 2-1 shows the interconnections between the Communications Controller board and the
Distribution board.

2-1

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

®

Table 2-1. Communications Controller Board/Distribution Board

Interconnection Descriptions

Signal Pair Description

ATD+
ATD-

STD+
STD-

STCLK+
STCLK-

STFRM+
STFRM-

ARD+
ARD-

SRD+
SRD-

SRCLK+
SRCLK-

SRFRM+
SRFRM-

EMERGENCY_IN+
EMERGENCY_IN-

ZEROX+
ZEROX-

INTEGRATE+
INTERGATE-

SYSRESET+
SYSRESET-

EMERGENCY+
EMERGENCY-

Asynchronous data to the Scanner.

Synchronous data to the Scanner. JP1-28

Synchronous data clock from Communications Contr oller
board to Distribution board. Synchronizes data to the
Scanner.

Synchronous data frame from Communications Controller
board to Distribution board.

Asynchronous Data from the Scanner. JP1-8

Synchronous Data from the Scanner. JP1-34

Synchronous data clock from Communications Contr oller
board to Distribution board. Synchronizes data from the
Scanner.

Synchronous data frame from Distribution board to
Communications Controll er board.

Signals an emergency condition. Generated by the C-Arm
Interface board.

AC line zero-crossing signal used for system wide
synchronization. Generated by the C-Arm Interface board.

Synchronous signal for Detector Integrate period.
Generated by the C-Arm Interface board.

Resets the Scanner controllers. JP1-20

Removes power from the Scanner’s motor drivers and the
X-ray system

CC

JP1-2
JP1-27

JP1-4
JP1-5

JP1-30

JP1-31
JP1-7

JJP1-33

JP1-10
JP1-11

JP1-36

JP1-37
JP1-13

JP1-14
JP1-39

JP1-40
JP1-16

JP1-17
JP1-42

JP1-45
JP1-49

JP1-25

1

Pin

2

Dist

Pin

JP10-3
JP10-4

JP10-6
JP10-7

JP10-9
JP10-10

JP10-12
JP10-13

JP10-15
JP10-16

JP10-18
JP10-19

JP10-21
JP10-22

JP10-24
JP10-25

JP10-27
JP10-28

JP10-30
JP10-31

JP10-33
JP10-34

JP10-39
JP10-40

JP10-48
JP10-49

Note:

2-2

1. CC = Communications Controller board.

2. Dist = Distribution board.

Section 2 - Functional Description

ATD+, ATD­STD+, STD­STCLK+, STCLK­STFRM+, STFRM­ARD+, ARD-

COMMUNICATIONS

CONTROLLER

BOARD

SRD+, SRD­SRCLK+, SRCLK­SRFRM+, SRFRM­EMERGENCY_IN+, EMERGENCY_IN­ZEROX+, ZEROX­INTEGRATE+, INTEGRATE­SYSRESET+, SYSRESET­EMERGENCY+, EMERGENCY-

DISTRIBUTION

BOARD

Figure 2-1. Communications Controller Board/Distribution Board

Interconnection Diagram

DISTRIBUTION BOARD

The Distribution board provides interconnections between the QDR 4500 Operator's Console and
the Scanner. It passes several signal and power lines from the Operator's Console directly to the
C-Arm Interface module. It also provides buffering and individual drivers and receivers for
various signal lines to and from individual Scanner modules and the Communications Controller.
The Distribution board is located in the Electronics Tray in the base of the Scanner.

Three cables connect the Operator's Console to the Distribution board. One cable connects the
communications buss to the Communications Controller located in the Operator's Console
computer. Two cables connect to the Operator's Console Power Module. These two cables
connect power to the Distribution board and connect the X-Ray On and Emergency signal lines
to the Power Module.

Eight cables connect the Distribution board to the various Scanner boards. Four cables connect
to the four Motor Controller boards (Table X, Table Y, Arm R, and Arm Y). Two (one signal
and one power) connect to the C-Arm Interface board. One connects to the TZ Drive board.
And, one connects to the Scanner's Control Panel Controller board.

The Distribution board has provision for three jumpers that can be installed to override the
EMERGENCY signal lines when trouble-shooting.

Power

The Distribution board receives +28, +24 and +/-15VDC from the Operator's Console Power
Module. The +28VDC is applied through four individual circuit breakers to the Table X, Table
Y, Arm R, and Arm Y Motor Controller boards. The +24 and +/-15VDC are passed to the C­Arm Interface board. +24VDC is also applied through a circuit breaker to the Table Z Drive
board. It is also reduced to +7 and + 5VDC by regulators to power op-amplifiers and analog
switches located on this board. The + 7VDC is passed to the Table Z Drive and Control Panel
Controller boards. The + 5VDC powers the digital section of the Distribution board. The +28
and +24VDC power supplies are not closely regulated and their outputs may range from +24V to
+ 35V under normal conditions.

2-3

®

Note:

QDR

+7VDC may measure anywhere from +6.25VDC to +7.25VDC. This is true everywhere

4500 Technical Manual

+7VDC is shown in this manual.

Six green LEDs indicate the status of the +28, +24, +15, -15, +7 and +5VDC (ON indicates the
respective voltage is present). Five red LEDs indicate the status of the five circuit breakers
applying voltage to the motor drivers/controller. ON indicates the circuit breaker has detected an
over-current condition.

Interface Connections

Figure 2-2 shows boards that connect to the Distribution board.

OPERATOR’S

CONSOLE

COMPUTER

COMMUNICATIONS

CONTROLLER

BOARD

OPERATOR’S

CONSOLE

POWER MODULE

+24 VDC, +/-15VDC,

EMERGENCY

SIGNAL L INES

DISTRIBUTION

BOARD

INSTRUMENT

C-ARM

INTERFACE

BOARD

CONTROL P ANE L

CONTROLLER

BOARD

TZ

DRIVE

BOARD

TX MOTOR

CONTROLLER

BOARD

TY MOTOR

CONTROLLER

BOARD

+28 VDC

Figure 2-2. Distribution Board High Level Interconnection Diagram

2-4

AR MOTOR

CONTROLLER

BOARD

AY MOTOR

CONTROLLER

BOARD

Section 2 - Functional Description

MOTOR CONTROLLER BOARD

The Motor Controller board is a microprocessor controlled power driver circuit for use with a
two coil bipolar stepper motor. It receives high level commands through the Distribution Board
from the host computer, and applies 28 volt pulses to the stepper motor windings. The QDR 4500
uses four identical Motor Controller boards to control and drive the Table X (Table In/Out),
Table Y (Table Left/Right), C-Arm Rotate, and C-Arm Y (C-Arm Left/Right) stepper motors.
The motor windings are driven by two integrated H-bridges. These integrated circuits provide
internal level conversion and power limiting. Their logic level control inputs are driven from a
stepper motor control microcircuit that receives commands from the microprocessor. The control
circuit senses the current in the motor windings and adjusts the duty cycle of the applied voltage
in such a way as to limit the maximum motor current. The maximum value is determined by an
8-bit control word at a Digital to Analog Converter.

Each Motor Controller board monitors the position of its respective mechanism using a signal
received from an associated Position Encoder connected to the mechanism. The Position Encoder
is a precision potentiometer that divides a +/-3V reference source into a sense amplifier in
proportion to the position of the mechanism driven by the motor. The sense amplifier output is
converted to digital code that provides position feedback to the microprocessor.

The Motor Controller boards receive movement commands from the QDR 4500 computer via the
communications bus. Each Motor Controller board contains an ID switch and four status
indicators (LEDs). The ID switch is a 16-position rotary encoded switch (SW1) that is read
during system initialization to determine the Motor Controller board's address for communicating
with the QDR 4500 computer. ID switch settings for the four Motor Controller boards are as
follows:

Table X drive 4
Table Y drive 5
C-Arm Rotate drive 6
C-Arm Y drive 7

The four red status LEDs provide visual indications of motor drive power on, Stepper CPU
active, motor drive direction, and motor step pulses.

The Motor Controller board also has provision (JP2) for connecting limit switches to inhibit
motor operation when the mechanism goes beyond established mechanical limits. This feature is
not used in the QDR 4500 and therefore no cable is connected to JP2.

Power

Power input to the Motor Controller board is +28VDC. This voltage provides the motor drive
power and is converted down to +5VDC for use by logic circuits on the board. The +5VDC is
also converted to -5VDC. Two green LEDs provide visual indication of the power present on the
Motor Controller board.

2-5

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

®

Interface Connections

Figure 2-3 shows the interconnections between the Distribution board, the Motor Controller
boards, the Stepper Motors, and the Position Encoders. Table 2-1 describes the interconnections
between the Distribution board and the Motor Controller. Table 2-3 describes the
interconnections between each Motor Controller and its respective stepper motor and position
encoder. The tables also identify the interconnection connector and pin assignments.

To/From

(

)

Distribution Board

ARD+, ARD­ATD+, ATD­SYSRESET+, SYSRESET­+28V
28V_RET

MOTOR

CONTROLLER



(

)



(

)



(

)



+REF
(

)



-REF

STEPPER

MOTOR

POSITION

ENCODER

Figure 2-3. Distribution Board/Motor Controller Board

Interconnection Diagram

Table 2-2. Distribution Board/Motor Controller Board

Interconnection Descriptions

Signal Description

ARD+

Asynchronous Receive Data. JP7 JP5 J P8 JP11 11

ARD­ATD+

Asynchronous Transmit Data. JP7 JP5 JP8 JP11 14

ATD­SYSRST+

SYSRST­28V

28V_RET

System Reset. Resets the Motor
Controller board.

DC power for the Motor
Controller board.

TableXTableYC-Arm

JP7 JP5 JP8 JP11 17

JP7 JP5 JP8 JP11 2,3,4,5

C-ArmYPin(s)

Rotate

12

15

18

1,6,7,8

2-6

Section 2 - Functional Description

Table 2-3. Motor Controller Board/Stepper Motor and Position Encoder

Interconnection Descriptions

Signal Description Pin

(No label) Motor drive signals (4). JP5-1 - JP5-4
+REF Precision positive voltage to position potentiometer. JP3-1
(No label) Position encoder wiper return voltage. JP3-3

-REF Precision negative voltage to position potentiometer. JP3-5

TZ DRIVE BOARD

The TZ Drive Board is a microprocessor controlled power driver circuit for the two pedestal
motors which raise and lower the patient table in the QDR 4500A and SL. This board is located
in the electronics tray in the bottom of the Scanner base assembly.

The TZ Drive board communicates with the communications controller, via the Distribution
board, to drive the pedestal motors under computer control. Manual raising of the pedestal may
be required in case of an emergency. In this case, manual control is provided through the Table
switch of the Scanner’s Operator Control Panel.

The TZ Drive board monitors the position of each pedestal using signals received from an
associated Position Encoder connected to the respective pedestal.

Service Switches

The TZ Drive board contains four service switches used during replacement of a defective
pedestal or Position Encoder. Table 2-4 describes these switches and their respective functions.

CAUTION:

The TZ drive motors are designed to run at a 5% duty cycle. If the motors overheat,
the built-in thermal cutouts may trip and cause the motors to stop functioning. If
this happens, you must wait about 20 minutes before functionality is restored. See
the heading

Unable to position device within specified tolerance…

on page 6-45.

Table 2-4. TZ Drive Service Switches

Switch Function

Mode
(Normal/Service)

Direction (Up/Down) When the TZ drive is in Service mode, determines the direction of pedestal

Left When the TZ drive is in Service mode, moves the left pedestal in the

Determines whether the TZ Drive is in Normal or Service operation.

movement (not active in normal mode).

direction specified by the Direction switch (not active in normal mode).

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Right When the TZ drive is in Service mode, moves the right pedestal in the

direction specified by the Direction switch (not active in normal mode).

Reset

Resets the board after manual operation.

The TZ Drive board must be

reset after any manual operation.

Power

Power input to the TZ Drive board is +24VDC from the Distribution board and 240VAC from
the Operator's Console Power Module. +24VDC powers circuitry located on this board and is
reduced to +5VDC. +5VDC is converted to -5VDC and +/-3VDC. The +5and -5VDC powers
logic circuitry on this board, while the +/- 3VDC provides the reference voltage for the position
sensors. Two green LEDs provide visual indication of the +24 and +5VDC status (ON indicates
the respective voltage is present).

The 240VAC power is connected through control relays to the pedestal motors.

Interface Connections

Figure 2-4 shows the interconnections between the Distribution board, the TZ Drive Board, the
Pedestal Motors, and the Pedestal Position Encoders. Table 2-5 describes the interconnections
between the Distribution board and the TZ Drive Board. Table 2-6 describes the line voltage
(240VAC, line to line) between the Operator's Console Power Module and the TZ Drive Board.
Table 2-7 describes the interconnections between the TZ Drive Board and the two pedestal
motors and their respective position encoders. The tables also identify the interconnection
connector and pin assignments.

2-8

Section 2 - Functional Description

p

To/From

ARD+, ARD-

ATD+, ATD­SYSRESET+,
EMERGENCY+,

MAN_UP*, MAN_UP_RET
MAN_DOWN*, MAN_DOWN_RET
+24V

Distribution Board

To/From
O

erator’s Console

Power Module

120V(A)_RIGHT
120V(B)_RIGHT
GND_PED
120V(A)_LEFT
120V(B)_LEFT
GND_PED

TZ

DRIVE

BOARD

120V(A)_UP_LEFT
120V(A)_DWN_LEFT
120V(B)_LEFT
GND_PED

+3.0VREF
(Position Signal)

-3.0VREF

120V(A)_UP_RIGHT
120V(A)_DWN_RIGHT
120V(B)_RIGHT
GND_PED

+3.0VREF
(Position Signal)

-3.0VREF

LEFT

PEDESTAL

MOTOR

LEFT

PEDESTAL

POSITION

ENCODER

RIGHT

PEDESTAL

MOTOR

RIGHT

PEDESTAL

POSITION

ENCODER

Figure 2-4. Distribution Board/TZ Drive Board Interconnection Diagram

Figure 2-4 shows the interconnections between the Distribution board, the TZ Drive Board, the
Pedestal Motors, and the Pedestal Position Encoders. Table 2-5 describes the interconnections
between the Distribution board and the TZ Drive Board. Table 2-6 describes the line voltage
(240VAC line to line) between the Operator's Console Power Module and the TZ Drive Board.
Table 2-7 describes the interconnections between the TZ Drive Board and the two pedestal
motors and their respective position encoders. The tables also identify the interconnection
connector and pin assignments.

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Table 2-5. Distribution Board/TZ Drive Board Interconnection Descriptions

Signal Description Pin(s)

ARD+
ARD-

ATD+
ATD-

SYSRST+
SYSRST-

EMERGENCY+
EMERGENCY-

MAN_UP*
MAN_UP_RET

MAN_DWN*
MAN_DWN_RET

+24V DC power for the Motor Controller board. JP1-5, JP1-6
+6.5V Not used. JP1-2, JP1-3

Asynchronous Receive Data. JP1-11

JP1-12

Asynchronous Transmit Data. JP1-14

JP1-15

System Reset. Resets the TZ Drive board. JP1-17

JP1-18

Enables manual operation of the pedestals in the case
of an emergency (under control of t he Control Panel
Table switch on the Patient Table).

Raises the Patient Table in the case of an emergency. JP1-23

Lowers the Patient Table in the case of an emergency. J P1-26

JP1-20
JP1-21

JP1-24

JP1-27

Table 2-6. Operator's Console Power Module/TZ Drive Board

Interface Descriptions

Signal Description Pin

120V(A)_LEFT AC voltage (120) to drive the Left Pedestal motor. JP6-4

120V(B)_LEFT AC voltage (120) to drive the Left Pedestal motor. JP6-5
120V(A)_RIGHT AC voltage (120) to drive the Right Pedestal motor. JP6-1
120V(B)_RIGHT AC voltage (120) to drive the Right Pedestal motor. JP6-2
GND_PED Ground line to the Left/Right Pedestal motor. JP6-3/JP6-6

2-10

Section 2 - Functional Description

Table 2-7. TZ Drive Board/Pedestal Motors and Position Encoders

Interconnection Descriptions

Signal Description Pin

120V(A)_UP_LEFT AC voltage to the Left Pedestal motor to move the left

end of the Patient Table up.

120V(A)_DWN_LEFT AC voltage to the Left Pedestal motor to move the left

end of the Patient Table down.
120V(B)_LEFT AC line to the Left Pedestal motor. JP5-3
GND_PED Ground line to the Left Pedestal motor. JP5-4
120V(A)_UP_RIGHT AC voltage to the Right Pedestal motor to move the

right end of the Patient Ta ble up.
120V(A)_DWN_RIGHT AC voltage to the Right Pedestal motor to move the

right end of the Patient Table down.
120V(B)_RIGHT AC line to the Right Pedestal motor. JP4-3
GND_PED Ground line to the Right Pedestal motor. JP4-4
+3.0VREF Precision positive voltage to Left/Right Pedestal

position encoder potentiometer.
(Position Signal) Left/Right pedestal position encoder wiper return

voltage.

-3.0VREF Precision negative voltage to Left/Right Pedestal

position encoder potentiometer.

JP5-1

JP5-2

JP4-1

JP4-2

JP3-1/JP2-1

JP3-3/JP2-3

JP3-4/JP2-4

CONTROL PANEL CONTROLLER BOARD

The Control Panel Controller board interfaces the Scanner’s Operator Control Panel to the
computer software allowing the software to determine the state of the Operator Control Panel
switches and to define the state of the various Operator Control Panel LEDs. The board is
located under the right side of the Patient Table assembly near the Operator Control Panel.

The Control Panel Controller communicates with the Operator's Console computer using the
asynchronous communications signals, ARD and ATD, of the communications bus, and the
system control signals SYSRESET, XRAY_LIGHT, and EMERGENCY. It also communicates
the state of the manual Table Up switch to the TZ board and it monitors the state of the C-Arm’s
Tilt switch.

Power

The Control Panel Controller board receives +7VDC from the Distribution board. The +7 is
reduced to +5VDC to power the circuitry on this board and is applied to the Operator Control
Panel to power its LEDs. A green LED, on this board, provides visual indication of the +5VDC
power (ON indicates the voltage is present).

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Interface Connections

Figure 2-5 shows the interconnections between the Distribution board, Control Panel Controller
board and the Operator Control Panel. Table 2-8 describes the interconnections between the
Distribution board and the Control Panel Controller. Table 2-9 describes the interconnections
between the Control Panel Controller and the Operator Control Panel. The tables also identify
the interconnection connector and pin assignments.

To/From

Distribution Board

ARD+, ARD­ATD+, ATD­SYSRESET+, SYSRESET­EMERGENCY+, EMERGENCY­XRAY_LIGHT+, XRAY_LIGHT­MAN_TZ_UP
MAN_TZ_UP_RET
MAN_TZ_DOWN
MAN_TZ_DOWN_RET
EMERBENCY_PANEL
HW_EMERGENCY_RET
+7V

To/From
C-Arm

TILT_A
TILT_B

Tilt Switch

Figure 2-5. Control Panel Controller Interconnection Diagram

CONTROL

PANEL

CONTROLLER

L0_PWR* - L7_PWR*
TZ_PWR*
XRA Y _LIG H T _PW R*
SW0 - SW2
SR0 - SR2
MAN_TZ_UP
MAN_TZ_UP_RET
MAN_TZ_DOWN
MAN_TZ_DOWN_RET
EMERGENCY_PANEL
HW_EMERGENCY_RET
+5V

OPERATOR

CONTROL

PANEL

2-12

Section 2 - Functional Description

Table 2-8. Distribution Board/Control Panel Controller Interconnection

Descriptions

Signal Description Pin

ARD+
ARD-

ATD+
ATD-

SYSRESET+
SYSRESET-

EMERGENCY+
EMERGENCY-

XRAY_LIGHT+
XRAY_LIGHT-

EMERGENCY_CPANEL
HW_EMERGENCY_RET

MAN_TZ_UP
MAN_TZ_UP_RET

MAN_TZ_DOWN
MAN_TZ_DOWN_RET

TILT_A
TILT_B

+7V DC power for the Control Panel Controller board. JP2-2

Asynchronous Receive Data from the Communications
Controller via the Distribution board.

Asynchronous Transmit Data to the Communications Controller
via the Distribution board

System Reset from the Communications Controller via the
Distribution board. Resets the Control Panel Controller.

Emergency TZ drive indicator from the Communications
Controller via the Distribution board.

X-Ray Light from the X-Ray Controller via the C-Arm Interface
and Distribution boards.

State of the STOP switch and of the collision sensor. (Part of
the safety daisy chain.)

State of the TABLE switch UP position. JP2-21

State of the TABLE switch DOWN position. JP2-23

State of the C-Arm Tilt switch (C-Arm tilted or level) from the
C-Arm Interface via the Distribution board.

JP2-4
JP2-5

JP2-7
JP2-8

JP2-10
JP2-11

JP2-13
JP2-14

JP2-16
JP2-17

JP2-19
JP2-20

JP2-22

JP2-24
JP2-26

JP2-25

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Table 2-9. Control Panel Controller/Control Panel Interconnection

Descriptions

Signal Description CPC

L0_PWR* Turns on the ENABLE switch LED. JP6-11 JP1-11
L1_PWR* Turns on the HOME switch LED. JP6-12 JP1-12
L2_PWR* Turns on the LOAD switch LED. JP6-13 JP1-13
L3_PWR* Turns on the TABLE switch IN/OUT LED. JP6-14 JP1-14
L4_PWR* Not used. JP6-15 JP1-15
L5_PWR* Turns on the C-ARM switch RIGHT/LEFT LED. JP6-16 JP1-16
L6_PWR* Not used. JP6-17 JP1-17
L7_PWR* Turns on the Laser LED. JP6-18 JP1-18
TZ_PWR* Turns on the TABLE UP LED. JP6-20 JP1-20
XRAY_LIGHT_PWR* Turns on the X_RAY LED JP6-19 JP1-19
SW0 Control signal to determine the state of the C-ARM and

LASER switches.

SW1 Control signal to determine the state of the TABLE

IN/OUT switches.

SW2 Control signal to determine the state of the LOAD, HOME

and ENABLE switches.

SR0 Returns the state of the C-ARM switch LEFT position

when SW0 is active. Signals the state of the TABLE
switch IN position when SW1 is active. Signals the state
of the LOAD switch when SW2 is active.

SR1 Returns the state of the C-ARM switch RIGHT position

when SW0 is active. Signals the state of the TABLE
switch OUT position when SW1 is active. Signals the
state of the HOME switch when SW2 is active.

SR2 Returns the state of the LASER and ENABLE switches

when SW2 is active.

MAN_TZ_UP
MAN_TZ_UP_RET

MAN_TZ_DOWN
MAN_TZ_DOWN_RET

EMERGENCY_CPANEL
HW_EMERGENCY_RET

+5V Provides power for the Control Panel LEDs. JP6-21

Returns the state of the TABLE switch UP position. JP6-7

Not Used. JP6-9

Returns the state of the STOP switch. (Part of the safety
daisy chain.)

1

CP

Pin

JP6-4 JP1-4

JP6-5 JP1-5

JP6-6 JP1-6

JP6-1 JP1-1

JP6-2 JP1-2

JP6-3 JP1-3

JP6-8

JP6-10
JP6-23

JP6-24

JP6-22

Pin

JP1-7
JP1-8

JP1-9
JP1-10

JP1-23
JP1-24

JP1-21
JP1-22

2

Notes: 1. CPC = Control Panel Controller

2. CP = Control Panel

2-14

Section 2 - Functional Description

C-ARM INTERFACE BOARD

The C-Arm Interface board distributes DC power and signals to the Data Acquisition System
(DAS) and provides control electronics for the devices located in the C-Arm assembly. It passes
several signal and power lines from the Distribution board directly to the DAS. It also provides
buffering for various signal lines. The C-Arm Interface board is located near the rear of the C­Arm’s horizontal shelf.

Note:

The C-Arm Interface provides circuitry to:

The Data Acquisition System (DAS) consists of the Analog to Digital Converter,
Integrator/Multiplexor, and Solid State Detector boards.

Control and monitor operation of the X-ray Controller board. Four LEDs (two red, one
green, and one yellow), on this board, provide visual indication of the status of the X-Ray
Controller and the X-ray control circuitry of this board.

Generate timing references to the DAS and Communications Controller.
Control power to the Positioning laser.
Actuate the Aperture stepper motor and monitor its mechanically linked position sensing

device.
Actuate the stepper motor of the Reference Drum device and monitor the encoded signals

returned from each drum of the device. Two green LEDs, on this board, provide visual
indication of the Reference Drum operation.

Generate +7VDC for the DAS system.

Continuity Daisy Chain

The C-Arm Interface board is part of two linked chains of boards. Removing any of these boards
conveys an alarm message to the host computer indicating that the electrical integrity of the
system is compromised. The message can be decoded by the host computer to detect the extent of
the damage.

Power

The C-Arm Interface board receives +28, +24 and +/- 15VDC from the Distribution board. The
+ 28VDC powers the Aperture and Reference Drum stepper motor driver circuitry. The +/-15V
is passed through this board to the DAS. The +24VDC is reduced to +5 and +7VDC. The
+5VDC powers the digital section of this board and the laser while the +7VDC is applied to the
DAS.

Three green LEDs, on this board, provide visual indication of the +28, +24 and +5VDC power
(ON indicates the respective voltage is present).

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Interface Connections

Figure 2-6 shows the interconnections between the Distribution board and the C-Arm Interface
board. Table 2-10 describes the interface signals and identifies the interconnection connector
and pin assignments.

CONTINUITY 1

ATD_CARM+, ATD_CARM­STD+, STD­STCLK+, STCLK­STFRM+, STFRM­ARD_CARM+, ARD_CARM­SRD+, SRD­SRCLK+, SRCLK­SRFRM+, SRFRM­EMERGENCY_CARM, EMERGENCY_CPANEL
LINESYNC+, LINESYNC-

DISTRIBUTION

BOARD

INTEGRATE+, INTEGRATE­SYSRST_CARM+, SYSRST_CARM­EMERGENCY+, EMERGENCY­XRAY_LIGHT+, XRAY_LIGHT-

C-ARM

INTERFACE

BOARD

+15V
15V_RET

-15V
24V
24V_RET
28V
28V_RET

CONTINUITY 2

Figure 2-6. Distribution Board/C-Arm Interface Board

Interconnection Diagram

Table 2-10. Distribution Board/C-Arm Interface Board Interconnection

Descriptions

Signal Description

ARD_CARM+
ARD_CARM-

STD+
STD-

Asynchronous data to the C-Arm Interface board. JP1-3

Synchronous data through the C-Arm Interface board to
the DAS.

Dist
Pin

JP1-4
JP1-6

JP1-7

1

C-ARM
Pin

JP1-3
JP1-4

JP1-6
JP1-7

2

2-16

Section 2 - Functional Description

Signal Description

STCLK+
STCLK-

STFRM+
STFRM-

ATD_CARM+
ATD_CARM-

SRD+
SRD-

SRCLK+
SRCLK-

SRFRM+
SRFRM-

XR_ZEROX_CC+
XR_ZEROX_CC-

INTEGR_CC+
INTERG_CC-

SYSRST_CARM+
SYSRST_CARM-

EMERGENCY_CARM+
HW_EMGNCY_RET-

XRAY_LIGHT+
XRAR_LIGHT-

CONTINUITY 1
CONTINUITY 2

Synchronizes data through the C-Arm Interface board to
the DAS.

Synchronous channel data frame from Communications
Controller through the Distribution board to t he DAS.

Asynchronous Data from the from the C-Arm Interface
board.

Synchronous Data through the C-Arm Interface board
from the DAS.

Synchronizes data through the C-Arm Interface board
from the DAS.

Synchronous channel da t a frame through Distribution
board to Communications Controller from the DAS.

AC line zero-crossing signal used for system wide
synchronization. Generated by the C-Arm Interface
board.

Synchronous signal for Detector Integrate period.
Generated by the C-Arm Interface board.

Resets the C-Arm Interface board. JP1-39

Removes power from the Scanner’s motor drivers and
the X-ray system

Applies power to the AUX X-RAY light outlet on the
Power Console.

Emergency shutdown daisy chain. JP1-1

Dist
Pin

JP1-9
JP1-10

JP1-12
JP1-13

JP1-15
JP1-16

JP1-18
JP1-19

JP1-21
JP1-22

JP1-24
JP1-25

JP1-30
JP1-31

JP1-33
JP1-34

JP1-40
JP1-42

JP1-43
JP1-48

JP1-49

JP1-5

1

C-ARM
Pin

JP1-9
JP1-10

JP1-12
JP1-13

JP1-15
JP1-16

JP1-18
JP1-19

JP1-21
JP1-22

JP1-24
JP1-25

JP1-30
JP1-31

JP1-33
JP1-34

JP1-39
JP1-40

JP1-42
JP1-43

JP1-48
JP1-49

JP1-1
JP1-5

2

+15V

-15V
15V_RET

24V
24V_RET

28V
28V_RET

Powers the Data Acquisition System. JP4-1

JP4-3
JP4-2

Generates +5VDC to power the digital section of the C­Arm Interface board, and +7VDC for power to the Data
Acquisition System.

Powers the stepper motors and fan. JP4-6

JP4-4
JP4-5

JP4-7

Notes: 1. Dist = Distribution board.

2. C-Arm = C-Arm Interface board

Figure 2-7 shows the boards and assemblies that connect to the C-Arm Interface board.

JP9-1
JP9-3
JP9-2

JP9-4
JP9-5

JP9-6
JP9-7

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Data Acquisition System

LASER

ASSEMBLY

TO/FROM
DISTRIBUTION

Figure 2-7. C-Arm Interface Board High Level Interconnection

C-ARM

INTERFACE

ANALOG TO

DIGITAL

CONVERTER

CONTROLLER

Diagram

X-RAY

INTEGRATOR

MULTIPLEXOR

SILICON

DETECTORS

APERTURE

MOTOR AND

SENSOR

DRUM

MOTOR AND

ENCODER PICKUP

X_RAY

SOURCE

UNIT

X-RAY CONTROLLER ASSEMBLY

The X-Ray Controller (XRC) assembly provides pulsed power to the primary winding of the high
voltage transformer in the X-Ray Source Unit and AC power to the primary winding of the
filament transformer. It consists of five printed circuit boards and several large components
contained in a chassis mounted at the front of the lower C-arm just in front of the Tank
Assembly. The five boards are the I/O and Logic, Low Voltage Power Supply, H-Bridge, Power
Factor Regulator (PFR) Substitution, and Duty Cycle Driver.

The XRC receives split 240VAC power from the Operator's Console Power Distribution Module.
It also receives command and timing data from the C-Arm Controller board and it provides a line
frequency timing signal and housekeeping and diagnostic data to the C-Arm Interface board.

Interface

Figure 2-8 shows the interface connections between the C-Arm Interface board and the X-Ray
Controller Assembly. Table 2-11 describes the interface signals and identifies the

2-18

Section 2 - Functional Description

interconnection connector and pin assignments. Note that the AC input power comes directly
from the Operator's Console Power module and connects to the Low Voltage Power Supply
board of the X-Ray Controller Assembly. All others connect to the I/O and Logic board of the
assembly.

XR_RLY_ON+, XR_RLY_ON-

C-ARM

INTERFACE

BOARD

From Operator’s
Console Power Module

XR_FREQ+, XR_FREQ­XR_BEAMON+, XR_BEAMON­XR_ISET+, XR_ISET­XR_KV1+, XR_KV1­XR_KV0+, XR_KV0­ACLINE+, ACLINE­LIGHTON+, LIGHTON­IBEAM+, IBEAM­KVP+, KVP­XRFAULT+, XRFAULT-

240 VAC

X-RAY

CONTROLLER

ASSEMBLY

HIGH VOLTAGE

TRANSFORMER

PRIMARY

X-RAY

SOURCE

UNIT

X_RAY TUBE

FILAMENT

TRANSFORMER

PRIMARY

Figure 2-8.

C-Arm Interface Board/X-Ray Controller Assembly Interconnection Diagram

Table 2-11. C-Arm Interface Board/X-Ray Controller Assembly

Interconnection Description

I/O

Signal Description C-Arm

Pins

XR_RLY_ON+
XR_RLY_ON-

XR_FREQ+
XR_FREQ-

XR_BEAMON+
XR_BEAMON-

XR_ISET+
XR_ISET-

XR_kV1+
XR_kV1-

XR_kV0+
XR_kV0-

ACLINE+
ACLINE-

Allows the energy storage capacitor to be “trickle
charged” before applying full power to avoid large
turn-on current surges that could cause the circuit
breaker to trip.

States whether the line frequency is 50 or 60Hz. JP12-3

Controls the ON/OFF status of the X-Ray beam. JP12-5

Selects the X-Ray beam current (3 or 10mA). JP12-7

Selects the X-Ray beam energy (80, 100, 120 or
140kVp).

States the phase of the power frequency. JP12-19

JP12-1
JP12-2

JP12-4

JP12-6

JP12-8
JP12-9

JP12-10
JP12-11

JP12-12

JP12-20

Logic
Pins

JP7-1
JP7-2

JP7-3
JP7-4

JP7-5
JP7-6

JP7-7
JP7-8

JP7-9
JP7-10

JP7-11
JP7-12

JP7-19
JP7-20

XRC
Pins

JP3-1
JP3-20

JP3-2
JP3-21

JP3-3
JP3-22

JP3-4
JP3-23

JP3-5
JP3-24
JP3-6
JP3-25

JP3-10
JP3-29

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Signal Description C-Arm

Pins

LIGHTON+
LIGHTON-

IBEAM+
IBEAM-

kVp+
kVp-

XRFAULT+
XRFAULT-

States whether the X-Ray beam is ON/OFF. This
signal controls the X-Ray ON lights of the C-Arm
Control Panel, the table Control Panel, and the
Operator's Console Power Module. It also controls a
remote X-ray ON light through the Po wer Module
when one is connected.

Value of current pulses at the X-ray source. This is a
frequency modulate d diagnostic signa l whose
frequency is proportional to the quantity being
monitored.

Value of voltage pulses at the X-ray source. This is a
frequency modulate d diagnostic signa l whose
frequency is proportional to the quantity being
monitored.

States whether or not any fault condition exists in the
X-Ray Controller Assembly.

JP12-21
JP12-22

JP12-23
JP12-24

JP12-25
JP12-26

JP12-27
JP12-28

I/O
Logic
Pins

JP7-21
JP7-22

JP7-23
JP7-24

JP7-25
JP7-26

JP7-27
JP7-28

XRC
Pins

JP3-11
JP3-30

JP3-12
JP3-31

JP3-13
JP3-32

JP3-14
JP3-33

X-Ray Controller Assembly Boards

The following sub-sections describe the five individual boards that make up the X-Ray
Controller Assembly and illustrates and describes their interconnection signals.

I/O and Logic Board

The I/O & Logic Board receives control signals from the C-Arm Controller and provides timing
and reference signals for the operation of the XRC. It also regulates AC power to the X-ray tube
filament so as to generate the desired beam current. A power frequency timing reference signal
(AC_LINE) is returned to the C-arm controller for synchronizing the operation of the detectors to
the X-ray source.

Low Voltage Power Supply

The Low Voltage Power Supply generates the DC voltages used in the X-Ray Assembly. It
generates regulated +5, +15 and -15V used on the I/O and Logic board. It also generates
unregulated +20 and -20V that are applied to the Duty Cycle Driver board to generate the
regulated voltages used by the Duty Cycle Driver board.

In addition, the Low Voltage Power Supply applies switched 240VAC to the PFR Substitution
board and unswitched 120VAC to the I/O and Logic board. The unswitched 120VAC is used to
provide AC power for the X-Ray tube filament transformer while the switched 240VAC is used
to generate the anode potential.

2-20

Section 2 - Functional Description

g

Power Factor Regulator (PFR) Substitution Board

The PFR Substitution Board is an interface adapter that rectifies the 240VAC power voltage
from the Low Voltage Power Supply and applies it to an energy storage capacitor. This board
may be replaced in future XRC designs by an active filter (Power Factor Regulator) designed to
control the crest factor and wave shape of the current drawn by the XRC from the power source.

Duty Cycle Regulator

The Duty Cycle Regulator generates power pulses of controlled amplitude for application,
through the H-Bridge, to the high voltage transformer in the X-ray source unit. These power
pulses are generated by a switching regulator transferring charge from the energy storage
capacitor to the load through a transfer inductor. The pulse amplitude determines the peak
energy of the X-rays generated by the X-ray Source Unit.

H-Bridge Board

The H-Bridge alternately connects the output pulses from the Duty Cycle Regulator to the high
voltage transformer in the X-Ray source unit with forward and reverse polarity.

Interface Connections

Figure 2-9 shows the high-level interconnections of the five X-Ray Controller Assembly boards.
Figure 2-10 through Figure 2-14 show the interface connections between the five boards. Table
2-11 through Table 2-19 describe the interface signals and identify the interconnection
connector and pin assignments among the five boards.

To/From
C-Arm
Interface

AC Power
From

Power
Module

LOW

VOLTAGE

POWER

SUPPLY

Relay Control

Power

240 VAC

I/O

and

LOGIC

BOARD

Isolated Power

PFR

SUBSTITUTION

BOARD

Bridge Control

Timin
Reference

340 VDC

Filament Drive

Beam Current Sense

DUTY

CYCLE
DRIVER
BOARD

Sense

X_RAY
SOURCE

H-BRIDGE

BOARD

Figure 2-9. X-Ray Controller Assembly High-Level Interconnection Diagram

2-21

QDR

S

®

4500 Technical Manual

From
Operator’s
Console
Power Module

120VAC_(A)
120VAC_(N)
120VAC_(B)

LOW

VOLTAGE

POWER

SUPPLY

BOARD

UNREG20V+
UNREG20COM
UNREG20-

UNREG20V+
UNREG20COM
UNREG20­SW_120V_(A)
XR_120V_(N)
SW_120V_(B)

SW_ON*
AGND_(P)
AC_TICK
+5V_(P)
DGND_(P)
+15V_(P)
AGND_(P)

-15V_(P)
FIL120VAC_(N)
FIL120VAC_(A)

RELAY_PWR
RELAY+

DUTY CYCLE

DRIVER
BOARD

PFR

SUBSTITUTION

BOARD

I/O

and

LOGIC

BOARD

INTERLOCK

WITCH

ENERGY
STORAGE
CAP

Figure 2-10. Low Voltage Power Supply Board Interconnections

The interlock switch, shown in the above figure, has two sets of contacts, one for relay power
(shown), and one for discharging the Energy Storage Capacitor (not shown).

Table 2-12. Low Voltage Power Supply Board/Duty Cycle Driver Board

Interconnection Description

Signal Description

UNREG20V+
UNREG20COM
UNREG20-

Generates the regulated voltages used on the Duty Cycle Driver
board.

LVPS

Pins

JP2-1
JP2-2
JP2-3

DCD
Pins

JP3-1
JP3-2
JP3-3

2-22

Section 2 - Functional Description

Table 2-13. Low Voltage Power Supply Board/PFR Substitution Board

Interconnection Descriptions

Signal Description

UNREG20V+
UNREG20COM
UNREG20­SW_120V_(A)
SW_120V_(N)
SW_120V_(B)

Not Used. JP1-1

Generates energy storage capacitor voltage. JP4-1

LVPS

Pins

JP1-2
JP1-3

JP4-2
JP4-3

PFR

Pins

JP3-1
JP3-2
JP3-3
JP1-1
JP1-2
JP1-3

Table 2-14. Low Voltage Power Supply Board/I/O and Logic Board

Interconnection Descriptions

Signal Description

SW_ON* Turns on the main power relay on the Low Voltage Power Supply

board
AC_TICK Used for generating the line frequency clock signal. JP7-1 JP2-6
+5V_(P)
DGRND_(P)

-15V_(P)
AGND_(P)
+15V_(P)
FIL120VAC_(N)
FIL120VAC_(A)

Provides power for the I/O and Logic and Duty Cycle Driver

boards.

Provides the AC power for the primary winding of the X-Ray tube

filament transformer.

LVPS

Pins

JP7-6 JP2-1

JP5-8
JP5-7
JP5-6
JP5-5
JP5-4
JP5-2
JP5-1

IOL

Pins

JP1-8
JP1-7
JP1-6
JP1-5
JP1-4
JP1-2
JP1-1

Table 2-15. Low Voltage Power Supply Board/Interlock Switch

Interconnection Descriptions

Signal Description

RELAY_PWR
RELAY+

Provides the DC voltage to operate the main power relay on the
Low Voltage Power Supply board

LVPS
Pins

JP6-2
JP6-1

2-23

QDR

PFR

SUBSTITUTION

BOARD

4500 Technical Manual

PFCREF+, PFCREF­VES+, VES­CURFAULT
+5V (P)
DGND (P)
+15V (P)
AGND (P)

-15V (P)

I/O

and

LOGIC

®

Figure 2-11. PFR Substitution Board/I/O and Logic Board

Interconnection Diagram

Table 2-16. PFR Substitution Board/I/O and Logic Board

Interconnection Descriptions

Signal Description

PFRREF+
PFRREF­VES+
VES­CURFAULT Fault indicator (not used) JP5-8 JP3-8
+5V_(P)
DGRND_(P)
+15V_(P)

AGND_(P)

-15V_(P)

Not used. JP5-2

Energy storage sense signal. JP5-5

Provides power for the PFR Substitution board (not used). JP5-7

I/O

and

LOGIC

HDRIVEA
DGND (P)
HDRIVEB

H-BRIDGE

BOARD

PFR

Pins

JP5-3

JP5-6

JP5-9
JP5-10,
JP5-11
JP5-12,
JP5-13
JP5-14,
JP5-15

IOL

Pins

JP3-2
JP3-3
JP3-5
JP3-6

JP3-7
JP3-9
JP3-10,
JP3-11
JP3-12,
JP3-13
JP3-14,
JP3-15

Figure 2-12. I/O and Logic Board/H-Bridge Board Interconnection Diagram

Table 2-17. I/O and Logic Board/H-Bridge Board Interconnection

Descriptions

Signal Description

HDRIVEA Drive for H-Bridge transistors Q1 and Q2. JP5-1 JP2-1
DGND (P) Ground JP5-2

HDRIVEB Drive for H-Bridge transistors Q3 and Q4. JP5-5 JP2-5

IOL

Pins

JP5-4

2-24

H-B

Pins

JP2-2
JP2-4

Section 2 - Functional Description

KVREF+, KVREF­KV_CHK

I/O

and

LOGIC

BOARD

78.125KHz+, 78.125khz­XREN+, XREN­+15V_(P)
AGND_(P)

-15V_(P)

DUTY CYCLE

DRIVER
BOARD

Figure 2-13. I/O and Logic Board/Duty Cycle Driver Board

Interconnection Diagram

Table 2-18. I/O and Logic Board/Duty Cycle Driver Board

Interconnection Descriptions

JP4-3

IOL

Pins

JP1-2
JP1-3

Signal Description

kVREF+
kVREF-

Pulse Amplitude reference JP4-2

kVCHK Sense amplifier output signal. JP4-4 JP1-4

78.125KHZ+

78.125KHz­XREN+
XREN­+15V_(P)

AGND_(P)

-15V_(P)

Duty cycle Driver clock. JP4-5

JP4-6

X-Ray enabling gate. JP4-7

JP4-8

Provides power for the Duty Cycle Driver board. JP4-10, JP4-11

JP4-12, JP4-13

JP4-14, JP4-15

VAF

H-BRIDGE

BOARD

VBF
PRIM+
PRIM-

DUTY CYCLE

DRIVER
BOARD

JP1-5
JP1-6
JP1-7
JP1-8
JP1-10, JP1-11

JP1-12, JP1-13

JP1-14, JP1-15

Figure 2-14. H-Bridge Board/Duty Cycle Driver Board Interconnection

Diagram

DCD
Pins

Table 2-19. H-Bridge Board/Duty Cycle Driver Board Interconnection

Descriptions

Signal Description

VAF
VBF
PRIM+
PRIM-

Pulse amplitude feedback pulse. JP3-1

High Voltage Transformer drive pulse. WP1, WP2

H-B

Pins

JP3-3

WP3, WP4

DCD

Pins

JP2-1
JP2-3
JP4-1, JP4-2
JP4-3, JP4-4

2-25

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

®

X-RAY SOURCE UNIT

The X-Ray Source (commonly referred to as the Tank assembly) consists of the X-Ray tube, the
X-Ray tube filament transformer, the high voltage transformer, the high voltage rectifier circuit,
and the sensing circuits that monitor the high voltage applied to the X-ray tube and the beam
current.

Table 2-20 describes the interconnections between the X-Ray Controller Assembly and the X­Ray Source unit. The table also identifies the X-Ray Controller Assembly board, connector and
pin assignments for each interconnection signal.

Table 2-20. X-Ray Controller Assembly/X-Ray Source Unit Interface

Signal Description XRC Board Controller

Pin

HV_XFMR_PRI+
HV_XFMR_PRI-

FIL_XFMR_A
FIL_XFMR_B

IF+ Beam Current Sense "+" I/O & Logic

IF- Beam Current Sense "-"

TP1 Anode pulse monitor I/O & Logic

TP2 Cathode pulse monitor I/O & Logic

* A thermal overload protector is installed in series with the filament transformer primary

winding, between TB1-6 and TB1-8.

High Voltage Transformer
Primary

Filament Transformer
Primary

(Chassis)

H-Bridge
(JP1)

I/O & Logic
(JP6)

(JP6)
I/O & Logic

(JP6)

(JP6)

(JP6)

JP1-1, JP1-2
JP1-3, JP1-4

JP2-7
JP2-8

JP2-4 TB1-10

JP2-5 TB1-7

JP2-2 TB1-12

JP2-1 TB1-11

Terminal

TB1-3
TB1-4

TB1-6*
TB1-9

DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM

Tank

The QDR 4500 Data Acquisition System (DAS) consists of three Solid State Detector printed
circuit boards, an Integrator/Multiplexor board, and an Analog To Digital Converter (ADC)
board. The Solid State Detector boards and the Integrator/Multiplexor board are physically
located within the upper end of the C-arm. The detector boards mount under the
Integrator/Multiplexor board and connect to the Integrator/Multiplexor board. The
Integrator/Multiplexor board is contained in an electrically shielded enclosure. There is also a
lead radiation shield between the detector and the integrator/multiplexor boards to stop any X­rays that might get through the detectors. The ADC board is located within the rear downward
slope of the C-arm.

2-26

Section 2 - Functional Description

Solid State Detector

The Solid State Detector boards convert X-rays into signals that are applied to the
Integrator/Multiplexor board. X-rays striking detector crystals are converted into visible light.
Solid State photo diodes sense this light and convert the light into current which is amplified in a
current to voltage converter. Output from the amplifier is applied to the Integrator through analog
switches. The analog switches all operate in parallel and are turned on during the X-ray pulse.
These switches are turned off during the integrator hold time to prevent integrating noise into the
data. The turning on and off of these switches is controlled by the INTEGRATE signal supplied
from the Integrator/Multiplexor board. Each solid state detector board has a capacity of either 36
low resolution detectors, or 72 high resolution detectors. Depending on the model, detector
boards may be either fully or partially populated by low resolution or high resolution detectors,
and amplifiers.

The detector assembly is available in two resolutions and two lengths. Detectors may be 2mm or
4mm at the detector. This is equal to slightly less than 1mm or 2mm resolution in an AP spine.
Detector arrays may contain 64 4mm detectors, or 128 (or 216) 2mm detectors. Most scans can
be done with the shorter arrays. The longer arrays are only necessary for three pass whole body
scans.

Power

The Solid State Detector board receives +/-15V from the Integrator/Multiplexor board. Voltage
regulators, located on this board, convert this voltage to +/-12V to power the amplifiers and
switches.

Interface Connections

Figure 2-15 shows the interconnections between the Integrator/Multiplexor board and the Solid
State Detector boards. Table 2-21 describes the interface signals and identifies the
interconnection connector and pin assignments.

CHANNEL0 - CHANNEL215

INTEGRATOR/MULTIPLEXOR

BOARD

INTEG A - INTE G F
+15V
15V_RET

-15V

SILICON

DETECTOR

BOARDS

Figure 2-15. Integrator/Multiplexor Board/Solid State Detector Boards

Interconnection Diagram

2-27

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

®

Table 2-21. Integrator/Multiplexor Board/Solid State Detector Boards

Interconnection Descriptions

Signal Description

CHANNEL0 ­CHANNEL215
INTEGA
INTEGB
INTEGC
INTEGD
INTEGE
INTEGF
+15V

Powers the amplifiers and switches of the Solid State
Detector boards.

15V_RET

-15V

I/M

Pins

See Note 1 See Note 2

JP2-6, JP2-44
JP1-6, JP1-44
JP4-6, JP4-44
JP3-6, JP3-44
JP6-6, JP6-44
JP5-6, JP5-44
JP1-JP6-47,
JP1-JP6-48

JP1-JP6-3,
JP1-JP6-4,
JP1-JP6-5,
JP1-JP6-43,
JP1-JP6-45,
JP1-JP6-46,
JP1-JP6-49,
JP1-JP6-50

JP1-JP6-1,
JP1-JP6-2

SD

PINS

JP1-44, 6
JP2-44, 6

JP1/2-47,
JP1/2-48

JP1/2-3,
JP1/2-4,
JP1/2-5,
JP1/2-43,
JP1/2-45,
P1/2-46,
JP1/2-49,
JP1/2-50

JP1/2-1,
JP1/2-2

Notes: 1. Refer to schematic drawing 140-0048-SD for connector and pin assignments (cannot scope these signals).

2. Refer to schematic drawing 140-0050-SD for connector and pin assignments (cannot scope these signals).

3. Note that the CHANNEL hardware numbers are reversed from the software numbers. e.g. Hardware
CHANNEL0 = software CHANNEL215.

INTEGRATOR/MULTIPLEXOR BOARD

The Integrator/Multiplexor receives up to 216 signals in parallel from the Solid State Detector
boards. The board integrates and stores those signals, and then applies the stored signals in four
groups of up to 64 signals in parallel to the Analog To Digital board.

Switched signals from the Solid State Detector board charge integrating capacitors on this board
during a given charging time. After the charging time, the switched signals are turned off and the
charges are held on the capacitors. Each integrator will be sampled by the multiplexor and sent
to the Analog To Digital board.. At the end of sampling, all the integrating capacitors will be
discharged in parallel by shorting them out with analog switches.

Each integrator has an additional input into which a test signal (TESTLVL) can be applied when
there are no X-rays present. This test signal is used to verify the operation of the integrators and
multiplexors.

2-28

Section 2 - Functional Description

Power

The Integrator/Multiplexor board receives +/-15V and +5V from the Analog To Digital board.
The +/-15V is passed through this board to the Solid State Detector boards. Voltage regulators,
located on this board, convert this voltage to +/-12V to power circuitry contained on this board.
Analog and digital returns are kept separate.

Interface Connections

Figure 2-16 shows the interconnections between the Analog/Digital Converter board and the
Integrator/Multiplexor board. Table 2-22 describes the interface signals and identifies the
interconnection connector and pin assignments.

MA1, MA2
MB1, MB2
MC1, MC2
MD1, MD2
MUX0 - MUX3
MGN1, MGN2
GPL1, GPL2
LTCH1, LTCH2
INTE G

ANALOG /DIGITAL

CONVERTOR

BOARD

DISC
TSTEN

BB0
BB1
BB2
BB3

INTEGRATOR/MULTIPLEXOR

BOARD

+15V
15V_RT N

-15V
+5V
GND

Figure 2-16. Analog Digital Converter Board/Integrator Multiplexor

Board Interconnection Diagram

2-29

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

®

Table 2-22. Analog Digital Converter Board/Integrator Multiplexor Board

Interconnection Descriptions

Signal

MA1, MA2
MB1, MB2
MC1, MC2
MD1, MD2

MUX0- MUX3

GPL1, GPL2
MGN1, MGN2 IN12, IN13 Controls integrator/multiplexor

LTCH1,
LTCH2
INTEG IN18 Controls signal integration. JP4-35 JP7-35
DISC IN19 Discharges the integrating

TSTEN IN20 Test signal used to verify the

BB0
BB1
BB2
BB3
+15V
15V_RET

-15V

+5V Powers the digital circuitry of the

GND JP1-1 JP10-1

Signal

(see Note 1)

IN0, IN1
IN6, IN7
IN2, IN3
IN4, IN5

IN8 IN9
IN10, IN11

IN14, IN15

IN16 Latches control signals on

Selects integrator channels to be
returned to the Analog/Digital
Converter.

gains.

Integrator/ Multiplexor.

capacitors.

operation of the integrators and
multiplexor when no X-rays are
present.
Integrator signals to the
Analog/Digital Converter.

Powers the amplifiers and switches
of the Integrator/Multiplexor
board and powers the Solid State
Detector boards.

Integrator/Multiplexor board.

Description

ADC

Pins

JP4-1, JP4-3
JP4-13, JP4-15
JP4-5, JP4-7
JP4-9, JP4-11

JP4-17, JP4-19,
JP4-21, JP4-23

JP4-29, JP4-31
JP4-25, JP4-27 JP7-25, JP7-27

JP4-33
JP4-37

JP4-39 JP7-39

JP4-41 JP7-41

JP2-2
JP2-6
JP2-10
JP2-14
JP1-5
JP1-4
JP1-3

JP1-2 JP10-2

JP7-1, JP7-3
JP7-13, JP7-15
JP7-5, JP7-7
JP7-9, JP7-11

JP7-17, JP7-19,
JP7-21, JP7-23

JP7-29, JP7-31

JP7-33
JP7-37

JP11-2
JP11-6
JP11-10
JP11-14
JP10-5
JP10-4
JP10-3

I/M

PINS

Note 1. Some signal names are labeled differently on different schematic drawings.

Analog To Digital Board

The Analog To Digital (ADC) board converts analog signals received from the
Integrator/Multiplexor board to a digital format.

Analog signals from the Integrator/Multiplexor board are applied to differential amplifiers on the
ADC board in four groups of up to 64 channels. Outputs from the differential amplifiers are
combined in a final multiplexor consisting of four analog switches. The multiplexed signals pass
through a programmable gain amplifier and summing amplifier before being applied to an A/D
converter. A one volt fixed DC offset is inserted at the summing amplifier to insure that no

2-30

Section 2 - Functional Description

channels ever go negative. The A/D converter converts the analog signal into 16 bit parallel data
for processing by a Digital Signal Processor.

The ADC board uses a Motorola 56000 Digital Signal processor to generate all the control
signals necessary for the detector array assembly. This processor is used to generate pseudo
channels when a low resolution (4mm) array is used. A pseudo channel is generated between
every low resolution channel before the data is sent to the computer. This makes the low
resolution array data the same as the high resolution array data. The same software can now be
used with all systems. This processor also provides a high speed serial data link to the computer.

Note:

Jumper JP5, on the ADC board, is used to select between high and low resolution. When
the jumper is in the board is configured for
board is configured for

low resolution

.

high resolution

, when the jumper is

out

the

Power

The ADC board receives +/-15V and + 7V from the C-arm Interface board. The +/-15V is
passed through this board to the Integrator/multiplexor board. It is also reduced to +/-12V by
series regulators to power op-amplifiers and analog switches located on this board. The +/-15V
also generate +/-5V to power the analog-to-digital converter circuit. The +7V is reduced to +5V
to power the digital section of this board. The +5V is also passed on to the
Integrator/Multiplexor board.

Interface Connections

Figure 2-17 shows the interconnections between the Analog/Digital Converter board and the
Integrator/Multiplexor board. Table 2-23 describes the interface signals and identifies the
interconnection connector and pin assignments.

STD+, STD­STCLK+, STCLK­STFRM+, STFRM­SRD+, SRD­SRCLK+, SRCLK­SRFRM+, SRFRM -

C-ARM INTERFACE

BOARD

SYSRST_DAS+, SYSRST_DAS­INTEGRATE +, INTEGRATE­XR_ZEROX_DAS+, XR_ Z E R OX_ D AS-

+15V
15V_RET

-15V
+7V

ANALOG/DIGITAL

CONVERTOR

BOARD

Figure 2-17. C-Arm Interface Board/Analog/Digital Converter Board

Interconnection Diagram

2-31

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

®

Table 2-23. C-Arm Interface Board/Analog/Digital Converter Board

Interconnection Descriptions

Signal Description C-Arm1

STD+
STD-

STCLK+
STCLK-

STFRM+
STFRM-

SRD+
SRD-

SRCLK+
SRCLK-

SRFRM+
SRFRM-

SYSRST_DAS+
SYSRST_DAS-

INTEGRATE+
INTEGRATE-

XR_ZEROX_DAS+
XR_ZEROX_DAS-

+15V

Synchronous data to the Analog/Digital Converter board. JP10-3

Synchronizes data to the Analog/Digital Converter board. JP10-6

Synchronizes DSP Communications. JP10-9

Synchronous Data from the Analog/Digital board. JP10-12

Synchronizes data from the Analog/Digital Converter
board.

Synchronizes DSP Communications. JP10-18

Resets the Analog/Digital Converter board. JP10-21

Data integration signal. Generated by the C-Arm Interface
board.

AC line zero-crossing signal used for system wide
synchronization. Generated by the C-Arm Interface board.

Pin

JP10-4

JP10-7

JP10-10

JP10-13
JP10-15

JP10-16

JP10-19

JP10-22
JP10-24

JP10-25
JP10-27

JP10-28
JP10-32

JP10-33

ADC2

Pin

P1-12
P1-13

P1-15
P1-16

P1-18
P1-19

P1-3
P1-4

P1-6
P1-7

P1-9
P1-10

P1-21
P1-22

P1-24
P1-25

P1-27
P1-28

P1-32
P1-33

-15V
Powers the Data Acquisition System.

15V_RET

+7V

CONTINUI TY Emergency shutdown daisy chain (grounded on ADC

board)

JP10-36
JP10-37

JP10-30
JP10-31
JP10-34
JP10-35

JP10-38
JP10-39

JP10-1 P1-1

Notes: 1. C-Arm = C-Arm Interface board

2. ADC = Analog/Digital Converter board.

POWER MODULE

The Power Module provides the AC and DC voltages required by the QDR 4500 Operator's
Console computer system and Scanner. It is located in an enclosure in the bottom of the

P1-36
P1-37

P1-30
P1-31
P1-34
P1-35

P1-38
P1-39

2-32

Section 2 - Functional Description

Operator's Console and consists of a Main Power circuit breaker, a Power On indicator, an AC
line input isolation transformer, a Power Control Panel, a Power board, a +/-15VDC power
supply board, a 24VDC power supply board, and a computer power outlet.

MAIN

CIRCUIT

BREAKER

CB

100/120/220 VAC
50/60 Hz

ISOLATION

TRANSFORMER

and

VOLTAGE

SELECTION

COMPUTER

SWITCH

SW CB

INSTRUMEN

T

SW

2 PHASE
120 VAC

COMPUTER

CIRCUIT

BREAKER

+/-15V
SUPPLY
CIRCUIT

BREAKER

CB

24V
SUPPLY
CIRCUIT

CB

X-RAY

CONTROLLER

CIRCUIT

BREAKER

CB

AUX X-RAY

OUTLET
CIRCUIT

BREAKER

CB

LEFT

PEDESTAL

CIRCUIT

BREAKER

CB

COMPUTER

+/-15V

POWER

SUPPLY

DC

POWER

SUPPLY

X-RAY, MOTOR

KEY LOCK

X_RAY
RELAY

INDICATOR

ENABLE

SWITCH

SW

120

+/-15 VDC

24 VDC

28 VDC

EMG24IN

120 VAC

X_RAY_ON

120 VAC

240 VAC

RIGHT

PEDESTAL

CIRCUIT

BREAKER

CB

240 VAC

Figure 2-18. Power Module Block Diagram

The Main Power circuit breaker, Power On indicator, and computer power outlet are located on
the back of the Power Module near the bottom. The isolation transformer, Power Board, and +/­15VDC and 24VDC power supply boards are located within the Power Module enclosure.

The Power Control Panel is the Power Module’s right side panel and it contains several circuit
breakers, switches, and indicators. It also contains a power outlet for connecting an external X­Ray On light. Separate power switches are provided for the computer and the Scanner allowing
the computer to be operated separately. A key lock switch is used to switch power on/off to the
Scanner’s X-Ray unit, and to the stepper motors. The Power Module provides over current

2-33

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

®

protection for each power line using resettable circuit breakers with visual fault indication
located on the Power Control Panel.

The Power Board contains the connectors to all power supplies, circuit breakers, and key lock
switch. It also contains two relays that switch power to the Scanner’s X-Ray unit and to an
external X-Ray On light. Indicators on the Power board, provide visual indication of the status
of the +15, -15, and 24VDC voltages and of the X-Ray enable signal.

Figure 2-18 provides a block diagram of the Power Module. Table 2-24 identifies the Power
Module connectors.

Table 2-24. Power Control Board Connectors

Connection Connector

AC power in from transformer P17
AC power to Computer circuit breaker P15
AC power to Power Strip (Computer, Monitor, Printer power) P16
AC power to 15V power supply circuit breaker P5
AC power to 15V power supply P4
+/-15VDC from 15V power supply S2
AC power to DC power supply circuit breaker P7
AC power to DC power supply P6
Enable signal to DC power supply and +24VDC from DC power supply S1
X-Ray Enable Key switch S4
AC power to X-Ray Controller circuit breaker P11
AC power to X-Ray Controller P12
AC power to Aux X-Ray Lamp Outlet circuit breaker P13
AC power to Aux X-Ray lamp outlet P14
AC power to Left Pedestal circuit breaker P8
AC power to Right Pedestal circuit breaker P10
AC power to TZ Drive Controller (Left/Right Pedestal) P9
DC voltages to Scanner and Emergency signal from Scanner S3

2-34

SECTION 3

INSTALLATION

REQUIRED TOOLS

When installing the QDR 4500, a tool kit that includes the following items is required:

•

Assortment of both flat-blade and Phillips screwdrivers

•

Assortment of needle-nose and diagonal cutting pliers

•

Socket drivers (full set including 1/4", 3/8", 7/16", 1/2" and 3/4")

•

Open-end wrenches (full set including 3/8", 7/16", 1/2", 9/16", 5/8" and 3/4") and an
adjustable wrench

•

Hex driver (Allen wrench) set including sizes 1/16", 5/64", 3/32", 7/64", 1/8", 9/64",
5/32" 3/16", 7/32" and 1/4"

•

Digital level, precise to ± 0.1 degree

•

Oscilloscope and digital multimeter

•

Survey meter (Victoreen model 450P or equivalent)

•

X-ray leakage test tool, #099-0566

•

Measuring tape, approx. 3.7 meters (12 feet)

•

Beam alignment tool (010-0923)

REQUIRED DOCUMENTATION

The following documents are required:

QDR 4500 User’s Guide

•

•

Computer manual

•

Printer manual

•

DOS Operating System manual (for DOS systems)



Introducing Microsoft Windows

•

•

Optical Disk Drive manual (when installed)

The Radiation Measurement Report

•

95

(for Windows 95 systems)

(CSD-0026-01)

3-1

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

®

ROOM AND DOORWAY SIZE

Use the following table to prepare for the move. Also see Figure 3-1 through Figure 3-4 for more
details.

Model Minimum Room Size Minimum Doorway Width

SL, C 2.44m (8.0ft) x 2.44m(8.0ft) 0.77m (30.0in)

A, W 2.44m (8.0ft) x 3.05m (10.0ft) 0.77m (30.0in)

79.6" (201.9cm)

19.8" (50.2cm) 19.8" (50.2cm)

51.0" (129.6cm)

7.8" (19.8cm)

35.0" (88.9cm)

CHAIR

23.5" (59.7cm)

Figure 3-1. Room Layout (4500A)

2.0 (5.1cm)"

7.8" (19.8cm)

51.3" (130.2cm)

57.6" (146.3cm)

61.8" (157.0)

3-2

Section 3 - Installation

79.5“ (201.9cm)

51.0" (129.6cm)

2.0 (5.1cm)"

7.8" (19.8cm)

51.3" (130.2cm)

57.7" (146.6cm)

7.8" (19.8cm)

61.9" (157.2cm)

Figure 3-2. System Dimensions (4500SL)

120.0" (304.8cm)

79.5“ (201.9cm)

49.1" (126.2)

2.0 (5.1cm)"

Wall

50.0" (127.0cm)

8.7" (22.1cm)

19.8 (50.3cm)"

19.8" (50.3cm)

8.7" (22.1cm)

65.1" (165.4cm)

61.0" (154.9cm)

Figure 3-3. System Dimensions (4500W)

3-3

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

96.0" (243.8cm)

76.0" (193.0cm

®

Wall

2.0 (5.1cm)"

2.0 (5.1cm)"

45.5" (115.6cm)

51.4“ (130.6cm)

55.6" (141.2cm)

Figure 3-4. System Dimensions (4500C)

The Operator's Console may be up to 50ft (15.24m) away from the Scanner, but since leakage
and scatter radiation levels are extremely low, it can be safely located in the same room with the
QDR 4500 itself.

ARRANGE FOR HELP

Moving the unit to its final location requires at least two able-bodied people to direct the
machine, hold doors and lift heavy parts. The following table gives some representative weights.

Computer,

Weight (lb)

(kg)

QDR 4500 Model
A SL W C

800 700 700 660 100 100

365 320 320 300 45 45

Printer,

Monitor

Power

Console

INSPECT FOR VISIBLE SHIPPING DAMAGE

Inspect the exteriors of all crates and boxes for shipping damage, and bring any damage
discovered to the attention of the customer's Shipping/Receiving department before proceeding.

3-4

Section 3 - Installation

Figure 3-5. Crated Unit (QDR 4500A and QDR 4500SL)

UNCRATE UNIT

Remove the unit from the crate as described below:

1. Cut the strapping that holds the packaging together.

2. Remove the cardboard cap by lifting it up and off.

3. Remove the cardboard sleeve by lifting it straight up and off. Be careful not to scratch
the unit.

4. Remove the wooden table shelf and the boxes packed with the unit.

Note:

There is a metal cross brace attached to the wooden table shelf. Remove and save this
cross brace as it is used later in the installation.

5. Verify that the serial numbers on the crate, computer pallet, scanner and console all
match.

3-5

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

®

INSPECT FOR HIDDEN SHIPPING DAMAGE

Open all crates and boxes, and check for signs of hidden damage. Bring any damage discovered
to the attention of the customer's Shipping/Receiving department.

TAKE INVENTORY

Using the following check list, take inventory of the contents of all crates and boxes, and confirm
that all of the expected items have been received. Report any discrepancies to Hologic.

Installation Inventory Check List

(Quantities are one (1) each unless otherwise specified)

[ ] Main QDR 4500 Assembly [ ] Upper C-Arm Assembly
[ ] Computer and Keyboard [ ] VGA Monitor
[ ] Black & White or Color Printer [ ] Knee (Block) Elevation Pad
[ ] QDR Spine Phantom [ ] Foot Restraint
[ ] Tabletop Pad [ ] QDR 4500 User's Guide
[ ] Printer Manual [ ] Printer Paper (B & W or Color)
[ ] 3.5" Floppy Disks (2 boxes) [ ] System Power Cable
[ ] Key (for enabling X-rays) [ ] Miscellaneous Hardware Box
[ ] Miscellaneous Cables Box

MEASURE PATH TO FINAL DESTINATION

Contact the department receiving the unit, and request that a representative show you the room
where the unit is to be installed. As you make your way from the loading dock to the room,
measure all doorways and openings including any elevator on which you must travel. Look for
other obstacles (thresholds, steps, sharp corners, etc.) which could cause a problem during
transport.

A QDR 4500A, or QDR 4500SL, fits through any doorway at least 30 inches (76.2cm) wide and
81inches (206cm) high, and hallways 45 inches (114cm) wide. All measurements are inside
dimensions.

A QDR 4500W, or QDR 4500C, fits through any doorway or hallway at least 30" (76.2cm) wide,
and 81" (206cm) high. All measurements are inside dimensions.

Short Doorway

If a QDR 4500 (any model) must be moved through a doorway that is not at least 81" (206cm)
high, the table top can be removed. This allows the unit to fit through a doorway 79" (201cm)
high (inside dimension). See the instructions for removing the table top below.

3-6

Section 3 - Installation

Narrow Hallwa y

If a QDR 4500A, or QDR 4500SL, unit must be moved through a hallway that is not at least 45"
(114cm) wide, the C-arm can be removed. This allows the unit to fit through a hallway 29"
(74cm) wide (inside dimension). See the instructions for removing the C-arm below.

Tilt Arm

Small End
Pallet

Figure 3-6. Uncrated Unit (QDR 4500A and QDR 4500 SL)

REMOVE TABLE TOP (IF NECESSARY)

Note:

The table top can be removed before taking the unit off the pallet. Follow the procedure below to
remove the table top:

It is not necessary to remove the table top if the doorway(s) the unit must go through is at
least 81" (206cm) high (top to bottom inside dimension). Removing the table top allows
the unit to fit through a doorway 79" (201cm) high.

1. Remove the table pad, and remove the right table rail end cover (2 Phillips screws
located on the right end). This cover slides straight out the end.

2. Remove the two screws (Phillips) that secure the table top in place (located on top of the
table near the rear center), and slide the table to the left far enough to access the Table
X bearing blocks.

3. Referring to Figure 3-7, remove the right side front endcap (3 Phillips screws).

4. Remove the back Phillips screw from the right side cover (of the table X drive
assembly) and slide the cover out from the front.

5. Unplug the cable to the Motor Controller board.

6. Refer to Figure 3-7. Disconnect the stainless steel cable guard (2 screws), and remove
the Table X drive attachment bracket (4 bolts and 2 nuts).

7. Remove the left rail stop (1 counter sunk screw, located next to the left side front
endcap) to allow the table top to be rolled off from the front.

8. Remove the 8 Allen screws (6mm) holding the table X drive bearing blocks.

3-7

QDR

e

c

c

®

4500 Technical Manual

9. Remove the table top by carefully sliding it off the front (requires two people).

Be

careful not to slide the bearing blocks off the rail.

10. Refer to Figure 3-7. Install the right angle bracket (found in the miscellaneous hardware
kit) to hold the bearing blocks and X drive bracket, in place while the scanner is moved.
If this bracket is not available, tape the bearing blocks, and X drive bracket, in place.

X Drive Attachment Bracket

Right Angle Bracket

Bearing Blo

Stainless Ste

Cable Guard

Bearing Blo

Front Endcap

Figure 3-7. Table X Drive

REMOVE QDR 4500A, OR SL, C-ARM (IF NECESSARY)

Note:

The C-arm Carriage Assembly can be removed before taking the unit off the pallet. Follow the
procedure below to remove the C-arm:

It is not necessary to remove the C-arm if the hallway(s) that the unit must go through is at
least 45" (114cm) wide (side to side inside dimension). Removing the C-arm allows the
unit to fit through a hallway 29" (74cm) wide.

1. Remove the 2 carriage-to-base shipping brackets (see Figure 3-12).

2. Remove the table locking "L" bracket located on the left side of the scanner (see Figure
3-12).

3. Move the table forward, remove the C-Arm Interface board cover, and remove the tank
cover. Then move the table back.

4. Remove the X-Ray Controller Assembly (4 Phillips screws). See the

Replace Procedures

section, of this manual, for detailed removal information.

Remove and

3-8

Section 3 - Installation

5. Remove the Tank Assembly (leave Filter Drum Assembly attached). See the

and Replace Procedures

6. Disconnect the cables and Nylatrac mounting hardware, and tape Nylatrac and cables in
the bottom of the scanner so that they are secure.

7. Disconnect the ribbon cable from the Arm R Motor Controller board.

8. Remove the Arm Y bearing blocks at the rear of the arm.

9. Remove the bracket that connects the C-arm to the Arm Y belt.

section, of this manual, for detailed removal information.

Remove

Figure 3-8. Tipping Unit

10. Lift the C-arm carriage up and out of the scanner unit.

11. Tape, or tie wrap, the bearing blocks to prevent them from sliding off the end of the rail.

3-9

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

®

PREPARING THE TABLE TOP FOR MOVING (SL only)

WARNING:

Before the SL model can be tilted to vertical, you must slide the table to the left and clamp it so it
clears the floor when the unit is tilted to vertical. Do the following:

1. Remove the table top pad.

2. Remove the three Phillips screws holding the table top. There are two at the left corners

3. Slide the table top to the left until it clears the control panel.

4. Referring to Figure 3-12, adjust the Table End Stop as pictured.

Do not tilt the unit to the vertical position until the Table End Bracket is properly
installed (step 4 below).

and one at the right back corner, looking down from the top.

MOVE UNIT TO DESTINATION (VERTICAL POSITION)

Follow the procedure below to move the unit:

1.

Remove the small end pallet.

2.

Loosen the end brackets (this is necessary in order to mount the tilt arms).

3.

Locate the tilt arms packed with the unit (see Figure 3-6), and mount the arms on the end
of the unit using the jam nuts on the leveling feet and end bolts. Tighten the end
brackets.

4.

Install the cross brace (shipped screwed to the wooden table shelf) being careful not to
scratch the paint.

5.

Remove the four hold-down brackets (see Figure 3-12).

6.

Remove the remaining corner brace.

7.

Lock the casters.

8.

Tip the unit on end as shown in Figure 3-9 (a 1 x 6 board, or equivalent, can be used to
protect the floor).

9.

Move the unit, and everything that shipped with it, to the destination room.

3-10

Section 3 - Installation

Dolly Wheels

Figure 3-9. Moving and Tilting the Unit Down

MOVE UNIT TO DESTINATION (HORIZONTAL POSITION)

You may have to lower the unit to a horizontal position to move it to its destination if the ground
clearance is not sufficient. To do this, use the auxiliary caster assemblies and mounting hardware
shipped with the unit and follow these steps:

1. Follow the procedure in the previous section for moving the unit in the vertical position
(steps 1-8).

2. Using the hardware shipped with the unit, reference Figure 3-10 to install the auxiliary
casters to the bottom of the unit.

3. Carefully tilt the unit down.

WARNING:

4. Move the unit to its destination.

You should not do this alone. This requires two people.

3-11

®

Note:

QDR

Temporarily remove the tilt arm assembly if the unit is too wide.

4500 Technical Manual

5. Carefully tilt the unit back to its vertical position (two people required). If the room is
small, the dolly wheels may have to be installed (see Figure 3-9) to tilt the unit down
and move sideways simultaneously.

6. Remove the auxiliary casters from the bottom of the unit and set aside.

7. Reinstall the hex bolts and flat washers into the rivet nuts.

Note:

Ship all tilt arm assemblies and caster bar assemblies back to Hologic in the box provided.
Discard the tilt arm cross brace.

Caster Bar Assy.

Rivet Nuts (2x)

Hex Bolts (2x)

Caster Bar Assy.

(installed)

Tilt Arm Assy.

Figure 3-10. Auxiliary Horizontal Caster Installation

Flat Washers (2x)

Tilt Arm
Cross Brace

3-12

Section 3 - Installation

)

SET UP UNIT

Follow the procedure below to set up the unit:

1. Carefully tilt the unit down (if the room is tight, install the dolly wheels supplied to tilt
the unit down and move sideways simultaneously).

WARNING:

The unit will feel heavier when putting it down than it felt when tipping it up. This
is because the pivot point is different.

2. Remove the tilt arms and position the unit in its final location in the room.

3. Level the unit.

4. Remove the 2 carriage-to-base shipping brackets. Refer to Figure 3-13.

5. Remove the table end stop. Refer to Figure 3-12.

Note:

This step applies only to QDR 4500A and QDR 4500W.

6. Remove the table locking "L" bracket located on the left side of the scanner (see Figure
3-11).

Carriage to Base
Bracket

Carriage to Base
Bracket

Table Locking
“L” Bracket

Hold Down Brackets (4x

Figure 3-11. Shipping Bracket Locations (QDR 4500A and SL)

3-13

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

®

Table End Stop

C-Arm Shipping Brackets (4)

Figure 3-12. Shipping Bracket Locations (QDR 4500A and SL)

Figure 3-13. Shipping Bracket Locations (QDR 4500W and C)

3-14

Section 3 - Installation

t

Shipping Bracke

Figure 3-14. Shipping Bracket Location (QDR 4500W and C)

INSTALL QDR 4500A, OR QDR 4500SL, UPPER C-ARM

Follow the procedure below to install a QDR 4500A, or QDR 4500SL, upper C-arm assembly:

WARNING:

1. Refer to Figure 3-15. Reposition the belt tensioning mechanism. The belt tensioning

2. Remove the back C-arm cover (2 Phillips screws).

3. Remove the two 1/2" bolts that lock the upper C-arm in place (left in place during

4. Remove the screws for the C-arm shoulder cover (left in place during shipment).

5. Remove the two C-arm retaining brackets (to allow upper C-arm to be set in place).

6. Remove the cover from the upper C-arm.

7. Install the upper C-arm onto the lower C-arm (tilt the front of the upper C-arm up to

8. Install the retaining brackets.

Do not remove C-arm shipping brackets (Figure 3-12) until done.

mechanism is turned around to facilitate shipping and moving the assembly (the
shipping bracket is not used after the mechanism is repositioned).

shipment).

slide it in place).

3-15

QDR

Shipping
Bracket

®

4500 Technical Manual

Shipping Location

Installed Location

Figure 3-15. Repositioning the Belt Tensioning Mechanism

9. Install the two 1/2" bolts.

10. Remove the C-arm top cover.

11. Install the counter-weights.

12. Connect the two cables from the upper C-arm to the lower C-arm.

13. Install the 1/2" x 13" trim plate that mounts (on the front) between the upper and lower
C-arm (make sure trim plate is aligned to front of C-Arm).

14. Replace the back C-arm cover.

15. Remove the four C-arm shipping brackets (see Figure 3-12). Save these brackets, they
are needed if the tank is ever removed.

16. Measure from the bottom of the C-arm to the top of the tank cover in all four corners.
All measurements should be within 1/8". If not, perform the

Adjustment

on page 4-3.

C-Arm Parallelism

17. Ensure that the scanner is level.

INSTALL QDR 4500W, OR QDR 4500C, C-ARM

Follow the procedure below to install a QDR 4500W, or QDR 4500C, C-arm assembly:

1. Carefully place the C-arm on the bottom bolts. Tilt the arm back slightly and slip the
two cables through the openings, then tilt the arm forward until the front bolts are in
place.

2. Put 7/16" nuts and washers on all 4 bolts and tighten.

3. Install both cables.

3-16

Section 3 - Installation

4. Install the Control Panel and T-beam end caps (QDR 4500W only).

5. Insure that the scanner is level.

INSTALL COMPUTER

Follow the procedure below to install the computer:

1. Set up the computer cart and place the computer, keyboard, monitor and printer in place.

2. Install computer system cables.

INSTALL CABLES

Follow the procedure below to cable the system:

1. Locate the box of cables shipped with the system.

2. Remove two covers on the electronics tray (on the left side facing the machine).

3. Install the cables from the Scanner to the power console and computer.

100 VAC SERVICE 120 VAC SERVICE 230 VAC SERVICE

Figure 3-16. Isolation Transformer Taps

3-17

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

®

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

There are a number of safety precautions that MUST be observed when servicing the QDR 4500
systems.

HIGH VOLTAGE:

4500 systems. The line voltage (100, 120, 230 volts) is supplied to the power console. The X-ray
source unit contains 140kV as well as other AC and DC voltages. The pedestal motors use 230
volts regardless of the line voltage. Use caution when checking, calibrating and troubleshooting.
Always trip the main breaker when replacing components.

X-RADIATION:

unattended in SUSQ (SURVEY mode).

ESD PRECAUTIONS:

precautions when handling components. Remove any charge from your body by wearing an
approved and properly grounded wrist strap. Keep PCBs in their ESD protective bag until you
are ready to install them. Treat defective PCBs as new to prevent any additional damage.

Voltage levels that can be injurious or fatal are present through the QDR

Service personnel are required to wear a dosimeter. Do not leave the system

To prevent damage due to ESD (Electrostatic Discharge), you must take

CHECK POWER LINE VOLTAGE

Hologic strongly recommends that the QDR 4500 be powered from a dedicated power line. See
the product specifications in Section 1 for power requirements.

Measure Line Voltage

With an AC voltmeter, before plugging in the QDR 4500, measure the voltage at the outlet the
unit will be plugged into. The measured voltage must be within ± 10% of the voltage shown on
the power label (located where the power cord attaches to the unit). The QDR 4500 has a built-in
step up/down isolation transformer which can be re-strapped to accommodate other voltages if
necessary. See Figure 3-16 for the most common configurations of the isolation transformer.

There are two standards for conductor color coding. The North American standard specifies the
BLACK conductor as LINE and the WHITE as NEUTRAL, while the International standard
defines the BROWN conductor as LINE and the BLUE as NEUTRAL. On newer units, the
primary side of the isolation transformer is on the left and the secondary is on the right.

Note:
Note:

Be sure to change the label if you restrap the transformer.
Enter this information into

The Radiation Measurement Report

(see page 3-28).

Measure Isolation Transformer Secondary Voltage

After plugging in the instrument and switching on the main breaker, measure the voltage at the
accessory outlet located at the bottom rear corner of the power console with an AC voltmeter.

Note:

3-18

Do not try to measure the voltage at the "AUXILIARY X-RAY ON" outlet, as this outlet
is only energized when X-rays are on. The voltage should be between 110 VAC and 130

Section 3 - Installation

VAC. If the voltage is out of this range, recheck the voltage at the wall outlet, and the
strapping of the isolation transformer as shown Figure 3-16.

CHECK TUBE KV PEAK POTENTIAL

Proper operation of the QDR 4500 requires that the X-ray tube generate X-ray pulses of 80kVp,
100kVp and 140kVp, all ±10%. The peak potential check must be performed at installation time
and whenever the X-ray source or X-ray controller is repaired or replaced. Because it would be
very dangerous to directly monitor the kVp potentials, a 10,000 to 1 voltage divider circuit is
utilized inside the High Voltage Power Supply/Source (HVPS/S). By monitoring this divided
voltage, one can determine the peak potentials being impressed on the X-ray tube. The
monitoring can be done on the barrier strip on top of the X-ray source.

WARNING:

1. Remove the tank cover (2 Phillips screws). For QDR 4500A and QDR 4500SL systems,

2. Ground both channels and move the trace to the bottom of the screen. Remove the

3. Instrument power, computer power and the X-ray enable key should all be on.

4. From the main menu, press <Alt> <F1> to exit to DOS and type

5. Change the X-ray Mode to 4 and Aperture to 3.

6. Press <F1> to turn on the X-rays.

Even though the test voltage is low, there are elevated voltages near and around the
test points.

raise the table to its upper limit for better access to the tank.
Set up the scope as follows:
Channel 1: 2V/div (0.2V/div if using x10 probes)
Channel 2: 2V/div (0.2V/div if using x10 probes)
Time base: 5.0ms/div
Trigger on line (positive slope)
Set vertical mode to add and invert channel 2.
Connect Channel 1 to TB1-PIN 12 (on the tank)
Connect Channel 2 to TB1-PIN 11 (on the tank)

grounds and go to DC coupling.

SUSQ

<Enter> to run

the survey program.

7. Observe the oscilloscope. You should see a trace similar to Figure 3-17, approximately
4ms pulses with a peak amplitude of 8V (ignore the overshoot, measure after it settles
out). This corresponds to 80kVp inside the tank.

8. Press <F2> to turn off X-rays.

9. Change the X-ray Mode to 3.

3-19

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

®

Figure 3-17. Peak Potential Mode 4

10. Press <F1> to turn on the X-rays.

11. Observe the oscilloscope. You should see a trace similar to Figure 3-18, alternating
pulses, approximately 4ms in duration, with a peak amplitude of 14v and 10v
respectively (corresponding to 140kVp and 100kVp inside the tank).

Figure 3-18. Peak Potential Mode 3

If the scope trace seen in either Figure 3-17 or Figure 3-18 is not as shown, the system may have
a faulty X-ray Controller or tank.

Note:

Enter this information into

The Radiation Measurement Report

(see page 3-28).

3-20

Section 3 - Installation

CHECK TUBE CURRENT

Follow the procedure below to check X-ray tube current. Monitoring tube current is done on the
barrier strip on top of the X-ray source.

WARNING:

1. If the tank cover is not off, remove it (2 Phillips screws). For QDR 4500A and QDR

2. Set up the scope as follows:

3. Ground both channels and move the trace to the bottom of the screen. Remove the

4. Instrument power, computer power and the X-ray enable key should all be on.

5. From the main menu, press <Alt> <F1> to exit to DOS and type

6. Change the X-ray Mode to 1 and Aperture to 3.

7. Press <F1> to turn on the X-rays.

Even though the test voltage is low, there are elevated voltages near and around the
test points.

4500SL systems, raise the table to its upper limit for better access to the tank.

Channel 1: 2V/div (0.2V/div if using x10 probes)
Channel 2: 2V/div (0.2V/div if using x10 probes)
Time base: 5.0ms/div
Trigger on line (positive slope)
Set vertical mode to add and invert channel 2.
Connect Channel 1 to TB1-PIN 10 (on the tank)
Connect Channel 2 to TB1-PIN 7 (on the tank)

grounds and go to DC coupling.

SUSQ

<Enter> to run

the survey program.

8. Observe the oscilloscope. You should see a trace similar to Figure 3-19, approximately
4ms pulses with a peak amplitude of 3v (ignore the overshoot and measure current on
the back, after it settles out). This corresponds to 3ma ±35% tube current.

9. Press <F2> to turn off X-rays.

Note:

Enter this information into

10. Change the X-ray Mode to 3.

The Radiation Measurement Report

(see page 3-28).

3-21

QDR

4500 Technical Manual

®

Figure 3-19. Tube Current Mode 1

11. Press <F1> to turn on the X-rays.

12. Observe the oscilloscope. You should see a trace similar to Figure 3-20, approximately
4ms pulses with a peak amplitude of 10v (ignore the overshoot and measure current on
the back, after it settles out). This corresponds to 10mA ±35% tube current.

If the scope trace seen in either Figure 3-19 or Figure 3-20 is not as shown, the system may have
a faulty X-ray Controller or tank.

Note:

3-22

Figure 3-20. Tube Current Mode 3

Enter this information into

The Radiation Measurement Report

(see page 3-28).

Section 3 - Installation

CHECK BELT TENSION

Check for proper tension on each of the motor drive belts. If any belt is loose, perform the
tension adjustment for that belt in

Section 5, Remove and Replace Procedure

of this manual.

ADJUST C-ARM Y BELT

The C-Arm Y belt should always be adjusted during installation. To do this, perform the
following:

1. Move the C-Arm to the center of the table.

CAUTION:

Do not move the C-arm or the table more than 1"/second with the power off.

2. Turn off the QDR 4500 instrument power, computer power, and main circuit
breaker.

3. Loosen the two mounting bolts holding the tension block.

4. Adjust the tension nut so that the spring is compressed to 7/8 inch.

5. Tighten the two mounting bolts holding the tension block.

CALIBRATE MOTORS

The SQDRIVER program provides a CALIBRATE command for each of the motors (TZ, AY,
TY, TX and AR) to calibrate the encoder read back and determine the limits of motion.

Perform the
this manual.

Note:

During Installation, the MOTOR$AY, MOTOR$TY, MOTOR$TX and MOTOR$AR
procedures may be performed without unclasping the drive shaft tubing (this allows the
procedure to be completed quicker). This applies

Motor Calibration

procedure in the

ALIGNMENT AND CALIBRATION

only

during installation.

section of

CHECK X-RAY BEAM ALIGNMENT

It is crucial that the X-ray beam be precisely aligned with the detector, as improper alignment
directly affects the repeatability (coefficient of variability, or CV) of the QDR 4500.

To check beam alignment, perform the

AND CALIBRATION

section of this manual.

X-Ray Beam Alignment

procedure in the

ALIGNMENT

CALIBRATE APERTURE (QDR 4500A AND SL)

Note:

This procedure identifies the exact positions of each aperture (slit) in the encoder unit.

If the table cannot be moved from the Control Panel it may be necessary to exit to DOS
and type: TOAP <Enter>. This sets the arm and table to the AP position.

1. Center and lower the table.

3-23

QDR

2. Run SQDRIVER.

3. At the CARM$$$$> prompt type CALIBRATE (be patient, this procedure takes several
minutes).

4500 Technical Manual

®

CHECK LASER POSITIONING OFFSET

Center the table and arm using Center Table, or utility A/P position feature. Turn on the laser and
set it on the point of a sharp object. At the DOS prompt type SCANSQ -PNOFLAT and begin a
scan. Using the F3 function, realign the arm to the proper position and exit before the scan
begins. Turn on the laser and physically adjust back to the point of the object as follows:

1. Locate the 3 laser adjustment screws (small Phillips) under the C-arm. Adjust these
screws until the laser cross-hair is on the pointed object.

2. Run another scan to check your adjustments.

ADJUST A/D GAIN CONTROL

In order that all QDR 4500 machines have the same input to the A/D converter, regardless of
slight variation in X-ray flux detected, a potentiometer has been installed on the unit’s A/D
converter board. Perform the

CALIBRATION

section of this manual.

A/D Gain Control Adjustment

procedure in the

ALIGNMENT AND

PERFORM BEAM FLATTENING

This procedure flattens the X-ray beam for each scan mode. Perform the
procedure in the

Note:

All covers, table mat, etc., in the X-ray path, must be on the Scanner before running beam
flattening.

ALIGNMENT AND CALIBRATION

section of this manual.

Beam Flattening

PERFORM LATERAL ALIGNMENT TEST

This procedure verifies lateral alignment. Perform the

ALIGNMENT AND CALIBRATION

section of this manual.

Lateral Alignment Test

procedure in the

MEASURE X-RAY DOSE TO PATIENT

A radiation dose measurement must be performed at installation time, and should be done
routinely whenever the machine is worked on. This test requires the use of a Victoreen Model
450P or equivalent.

Note:

The dose measurements must be done with the machine fully assembled

in place

1. Place the meter in the center of the table and position the laser about 1/4 inch to the left

. The typical dose measurements are as follows for listed scan modes:

of the meter.

and the table mat

3-24

Section 3 - Installation

2. Select Array spine scan and set scan length for 9.5 inches.

3. Scan the meter.

4. Observe the scan to verify that the entire chamber of the meter is included in the scan.

5. Record the result.

Note:

Note:

Array spine scan dose should be less than 200µGy (20mrad).

6. Record the highest reading in the service report.
Enter this information into

The Radiation Measurement Report

(see page 3-28).

CHECK HVPS/S (TANK) FOR RADIATION LEAKAGE

For regulatory and safety reasons, the High Voltage Power Supply/Source (HVPS/S) must be
checked for radiation leakage at installation time or whenever the HVPS/S is replaced.

Theory

Radiation leakage from the HVPS/S results from a defect in the lead liner of the tank or its cover.
If there is a hole in the lead liner, the resulting leakage produce pencil beam. If there is a crack in
the lead liner, the resulting leakage produce a fan beam.

In either case, the initial survey must be taken close to and almost touching the tank with the
survey meter probe. If a leak is found, the meter indicates a spike in the reading. If this occurs,
you must then move the probe one meter (approx. 40”) along the beam from that spot to
determine if the leakage is within acceptable levels.

The Victoreen 450P has a response time of:

Range Time
0-4mR/h 3.3 seconds
0-40mR/h 4.5 seconds

Performing The Procedure

1. Remove the tank cover and set the X-ray leakage test shield (099-0566) over the

aperture slot.

Figure 3-21. Leakage Test Shield (099-0566)

3-25

QDR

2. Go to the SUSQ program in the MENU directory; set X-ray mode to 3, and aperture
to 7.

Initial Leakage Survey

3. Turn on X-rays.

4. Slowly move the meter probe (Victoreen Model 450P or equivalent) about all accessible
surfaces. (See table above for meter response times) to detect any leaks.

5. If a leak is detected (a spike in the reading) measure the that point at a one meter
(approx. 40”) distance from the leak and assure that the reading is 10µGy/h (1.0mrad/h)
or less.

Final Leakage Survey

6. Position the survey meter one meter (approx. 40”) from the tank and move it all around
the outside.

7. The reading must be 10µGy/h (1.0mrad/h) or less. Record the highest reading in the
service report.

8. Turn off X-rays, remove the tool and replace the tank cover.

Note:

Enter this information into

4500 Technical Manual

The Radiation Measurement Report

(see page 3-28).

®

CALIBRATE FOR AREA, BMD AND BMC

The final calibration procedure is to calibrate for Area, BMD and BMC. Perform the

and BMC Calibration

manual.

procedure in the

ALIGNMENT AND CALIBRATION

section of this

Area, BMD

TEST SCAN MODES

Perform at least one scan in each of the scan modes to verify that machine is fully functional in
all modes of operation. Verify that there are no electrical or mechanical problems during each
scan mode.

1. Perform a fast AP, turbo AP and a high definition AP scan.

2. Perform an array left hip, and an array right hip scan.

3. Perform a high definition lateral spine scan.

4. Perform a whole body scan.

5. Perform an array forearm scan (if option loaded).

FINISH ASSEMBLING UNIT

Dress all cables at the rear of the console with nylon tie wraps. At this point, take the time to
replace any covers or enclosures that may not have been reassembled previously. Check that all
of the machine's safety features (ground wires, limit switches, emergency stop, etc.) are in place

3-26

Section 3 - Installation

and working properly. Finally, clean up the machine and remove any unwanted packing materials
from the room.

MEASURE X-RAY SCATTER FROM PHANTOM

A radiation scatter measurement must be performed at installation time. You must use a survey
type radiation meter (Victoreen 450P or equivalent).

Do the following:

1.

Center the table and C-arm.

2.

Place the spine phantom in the center of the table and align using the laser.

3.

Start a normal AP scan.

4.

Stop the scan (<Esc>) when it is between the two middle vertebrae.

5.

Turn on the X-rays using SUSQ.

6.

Using the survey meter, measure the scatter radiation at a distance of 2 meters from the
phantom on a horizontal plane all around the unit. Move the meter slowly (refer to the
Victoreen response table on page 3-25).

Note:

Note:

If you can not measure the scatter radiation at a distance of 2 meters because of space
restrictions, you can measure at 1 meter and divide the result by 4.

This reading must be less than 10µGy/h (1.0mrad/h) at 2 meters (approx. 80 in.) in
array AP scan mode.

7.

Record the highest reading in the service report.

Enter this information into

The Radiation Measurement Report

(see page 3-28).

PERFORM QC

Once the machine has been fully assembled and calibrated, at least one QC scan should be
performed.

•

Perform the daily QC procedure and enter the scan into the QC database.

RUN REPRODUCIBILITY TEST

Reproducibility is the ability of the scanner unit to perform consecutive scans while keeping the
amount of radiation for each scan consistent. Reproducibility is checked by scanning the spine
phantom shipped with the unit 10 consecutive times. You must then plot the results of the High
Air and Low Air measurements for these scans and assure that coefficient of variation for
absolute radiation is less than 4%.

The plot screen does not readily display the coefficient of variation for absolute radiation. You
must use the formula:

coefficient of variation for absolute radiation = standard deviation (SD) x .0028.

So:

3-27

QDR

If… Then…

the Standard Deviation (SD) for both High Air
(HiA) and Low Air (LoA) is less than or equal to
14,

4500 Technical Manual

the coefficient of variation for absolute radiation
is less than 4%.

®

To do this:

1. Perform 10 spine scans using AUTOSCAN (if not already done so).

2. Analyze the 10 scans (using AUTOCOMP).

3. Put the results in the QC database (if you have not already done so).

4. At the Hologic Main Menu, select “QC”.

5. Select “Database”.

6. Press <Alt><F1>.

7. At the displayed dialog box, select all parameters (type Y<Enter>).

8. Select “Plot”.

9. Select “HiA”.

10. Plot the data for the 10 scans in step 1.

11. Assure that the SD is 14 or less.

12. Repeat for “LoA” by repeating steps 9-11. This result must also be 14 or less.

Note:

Enter this information into

The Radiation Measurement Report

(see page 3-28).

3-28

Section 3 - Installation

THE RADIATION MEASUREMENT REPORT

After installation, the field engineer must fill out the Radiation Measurement Report and keep
this information on file. A sample of this report follows:

LI

QDR 4500 Radiation Measurement Report

Customer Name

Customer Address

Customer Contact

Hologic Model Number

Serial Number

Date Measurement Taken

Voltage and Current Tests

Line Voltage:

(100V) ( 90V, 110V)
(120V) ( 108V, 132V)
(230V) (207V, )

SD Hi Air
SD LoAir

(choose one )

" !

" !

" !

!

(14)

!

(14)

253V

Tube Peak Potential:

(80 kVp)
(100 kVp) (90kVp, )
(140 kVp)

Tube Current: Reproduci bi li ty Test:

Mode 1 (3 mA)

Radiation Tests

Leakage T est

Dosage Test

Scatter Test

using Victoreen Model #450P (or equivalent) S/N

using Victoreen Model #450P (or equivalent) S/N

using Victoreen Model #450P (or equivalent) S/N

Array Beam

Array Beam

Array Beam

"

( , 88kVp)

" !

" !

( 126kVp, )

( 2.0mA, )
( 6.5mA, )

!

72 kVp

" !

" !

110kVp

154kVp

4.0mA

13.5mAMode 3 (10 mA)

mR/h

mR/h

mR

F/E Signature Date

CSD-0026-01 Rev B

3-29

SECTION 4

ALIGNMENT AND CALIBRATION

TABLE ALIGNMENT

Checking Table Alignment

To check the table alignment, perform the following procedure:

1. Using a measuring tape, and referring to Figure 4-1, check the following:

•

Distance from the edge of the table to the back of both T-rails (measurement “A”).

•

Distance between the T-rails (front and rear).

•

Gap from the edge of the table bracket (left side) to the rail.

2. Record all the measurements.

3. Facing the front of the QDR 4500, gently push the foot end (left side) of the table. The
table should move away from, then back to its original position.

4. Check measurement “A” and the bracket to guide rail gap again, and compare them to
their original values.

5. If all the measurements are within specs, the table is properly aligned. If the
measurements are not within specs, go to the Aligning Table section.

Aligning Table

After you have taken the measurements in the Checking Table Alignment section, use the
procedures below to align the table. Note that if both measurement “A” and the bracket to guide
rail gap are out of specification, you should recheck the measurements after performing the first
adjustment.

Table Edge to T-Rail (“A” Dimension) Adjustment

To change the “A” dimension, do the following:

1. Remove the upper and lower covers from the right pedestal.

2. Loosen the four bolts fastening the top of the pedestal and the four bolts fastening the
bottom of the pedestal (see Figure 4-2).

3. Adjust the table so the “A” measurements are within specifications.

4. Tighten the bolts and check the table alignment again.

If the alignment is within specifications, replace the pedestal covers. If you still note a change in
the “A” measurement, continue with the following steps.

4-1

QDR4500 Technical Manual

.25 +/- .09

5.

Note:

Measurements are in inches.

Figure 4-1. Table Alignment

Make sure the upper and lower brackets are securely fastened to the upper and lower
frames.

Even if the brackets are secured to the frames, they may not be securely fastened to the
pedestal. If not, remove the table to access the screws that secure the brackets to the
pedestal. Refer to Section 3, Installation, for table removal procedures.

If the screws are loose, apply a small amount of Loctite and tighten them.

4-2

T-Rail

Section 4 - Alignment & Calibration

Adjustment Bolts

Pedestal

(Not drawn to scale)

Upper Bracket

Lower Bracket

Base

Figure 4-2. Pedestal (covers removed)

The upper and lower brackets are attached to the pedestal with four 6mm flat-head
Allen screws. While the table is off, it is a good idea to remove the pedestal and make
sure these screws are tight.

6. Mount the pedestal to the lower frame. Do not tighten the bolts until the alignment is
done.

7. Install the table and check its alignment. Make the necessary adjustments, then tighten
the upper and lower bolts.

8. Install the pedestal covers that were removed in Step 1.

Front to Back T-Rail and Table Edge/Rail Gap Adjustment

To adjust the front-to-back T-Rail dimensions and table edge/rail gap, do the following:

1. Remove the upper and lower covers from the left pedestal.

2. Loosen the four bolts fastening the top of the pedestal and the four bolts fastening the
bottom of the pedestal.

Note:

Before adjusting the distance between the rails, make sure the upper and lower brackets
are securely fastened to the pedestal. Refer to Steps 3 -5 of the previous (Aligning Table)
section and then go to the next step.

3. Adjust the distance between the T-rails and the table edge/rail gap and tighten the bolts.

4. Install the pedestal covers that were removed in Step 1.

C-ARM PARALLELISM ADJUSTMENT (A and SL only)

1. Measure from the bottom of the C-arm to the top of the tank cover in all four corners. If
the measurements vary more than 1/8", do the following.

2. Remove the C-arm shoulder cover.

3. Loosen eight 1/4" bolts (4 on each side).

4. Move the C-arm until it is parallel to the tank cover.

4-3

QDR4500 Technical Manual

5. Tighten the bolts and repeat step 1.

6. Replace the cover.

X-RAY BEAM ALIGNMENT (A and SL only)

It is crucial that the X-ray beam be precisely aligned with the detector, because improper
alignment will directly affect the repeatability (coefficient of variability, or CV) of the QDR

4500. Therefore this alignment must be verified at the time of installation or whenever any work
is performed that may affect it.

To check beam alignment:

WARNING:

Insert the alignment fixture (see the following three figures) into the detector opening.

X-rays are being generated during this procedure. Keep hands, head and other
body parts out of beam.

Alignment Pins

Holding Clamps

Figure 4-3. X-Ray Alignment Fixture (010-0923)

1. Go to aperture #10 (use gain of “2” for high and “1” for low; use X-ray mode “3”).

2. Turn the X-rays on (using SUSQ).

3. Look at the monitor screen.

The correct display should be flat and have an amplitude of about six (6) volts. If the X-Ray
beam alignment is not correct, perform the following procedure.

1. Remove the C-arm cover.

2. Ensure that the upper C-Arm is parallel to the table (see
in this section).

3. At the DOS prompt, type SQDRIVER. The SQDRIVER prompt is CARM$$$$>.

4. At the SQDRIVER prompt, CARM$$$$>, type MOVE_APER_REL. Place the pin
through the alignment hole in the aperture. Move the aperture approximately 100 steps
at a time (If the tank cover is on, remove it.

5. Move the aperture approximately 100 steps at a time (+100 moves right, -100 moves
left) until the pin drops easily into place through the alignment hole in the base plate.
Move the aperture until the pin is visually perpendicular to the base plate

4-4

C-Arm Parallelism Adjustment

Section 4 - Alignment & Calibration

(Place the block on the base plate next to the pin, and compare the pin to the vertical
surface of the block to better visualize whether the pin is perpendicular).

6. Raise the pin from the base plate, but not out of the aperture plate. Insert the alignment
block and insert the pin through the block and back into the base plate alignment hole.
Move the aperture until the base of the block sits flat on the base plate.

Detector Opening

A

Alignment Pin

Fixture

C-Arm

C

Holding Clamp

B, D

View from Front

Step A. Insert the left side of the Alignment Fixture into the left side of the

Detector Opening so that the vertical edges of the four Alignmen t

Pins are secure.
Step B. Compress the Holding Clamps.
Step C. Raise the right side of the Alignment Fixture into the Detector

Opening.
Step D. Release the Holding Clamps.

If the Alignment Fix tu r e is inserted with the Alignment Pins on the

Note:

right, the procedure works equally well.

Figure 4-4. Inserting The X-Ray Alignment Fixture

4-5

QDR4500 Technical Manual

Figure 4-5. The Alignment Fixture Properly Installed

7. Exit SQDRIVER.

8. Set the machine in the Center Table position, then raise the table all the way up.

Adjusting
Screws and
Jam Nuts

Filter Drum Base
Assembly (filter drum
assembly removed)

FRONT

Figure 4-6. Filter Drum Adjustments - Top View

9. At the Filter Drum assembly, loosen the jam nuts, and insert Allen wrenches (3/32"), in
both Filter Drum Allen alignment screws. (Figure 4-6 above shows location of
alignment screws and jam nuts.) Ensure that the Filter Drum is running.

10. Type SUSQ <Enter>, set high gain = 2, low gain = 1. Set X-ray mode to 3.

11. Press <Ctrl> <Pg Dn> to get the bar graph.

12. Verify that the screen shows Pulse 1 (high air). If it doesn't, press <Alt><P> until it
does.

13. Set X-ray mode to 3, press <Ctrl><PageDown> and make sure the screen still shows
pulse 1.

14. Press F1 to turn on X-rays. View the X-ray plot.

4-6

Section 4 - Alignment & Calibration

)

The next 5 steps adjust the beam side to side.
WARNING:

1. Move the

Note:

The last direction turned should be clockwise to eliminate backlash when the jam nuts are

The X-rays are on. Keep body parts out of the beam.

front

Filter Drum Allen alignment screw until the X-ray signal peaks.

tightened. The plot should show peak amplitude.

2. Move the

Note:

The last direction turned should be clockwise to eliminate backlash when the jam nuts are

back

Filter Drum Allen alignment screw until the X-ray signal peaks.

tightened. The plot should show peak amplitude.

3. Tighten the jam nuts on both Filter Drum Allen alignment screws.

Note:

The X-rays should still show peak amplitude.

4. Turn off the X-rays.

5. Remove the alignment test fixture.

X-Alignment Nut (4x

Figure 4-7. Array Assembly - Top View, Partial

The next 6 steps adjust the beam front to back.

1. At the Array assembly, loosen the four X-alignment nuts (see Figure 4-7 above).

2. Turn on the X-rays. Adjust the array X-alignment screw in one direction until the trace
drops off (the signal on the end detectors of the array will drop off). Then, count the
turns while moving it in the other direction until the trace falls off on the detector on the
other end of the array. Set the adjustment in the middle by turning the screw back half
the number of turns counted.

3. Tighten the four array X-alignment nuts.

4-7

QDR4500 Technical Manual

4. Turn off X-rays.

5. Remove the block and pin.

6. Turn off SUSQ.

X-RAY BEAM ALIGNMENT (C and W only)

It is crucial that the X-ray beam be precisely aligned with the detector, because improper
alignment will directly affect the repeatability (coefficient of variation, or CV) of the QDR 4500.
Therefore this alignment must be verified at the time of installation or whenever any work is
performed that may affect it.

To check the beam alignment:

1. Insert the alignment test fixture into the detector opening.

2. Turn on X-rays (using SUSQ)

WARNING:

3. Look at the monitor screen. The display should be flat and have an amplitude of about

4. If the X-ray beam alignment is not correct, continue this procedure.

5. If the tank cover is on, remove it.

6. Remove the C-arm cover.

7. Set the machine in the Center Table position.

8. At the Filter Drum assembly, loosen the jam nuts, and insert Allen wrenches (3/32"), in

9. Type SUSQ <Enter>, set high gain = 2, low gain = 1. Set X-ray mode to 3.

10. Press <Ctrl> <Page Down> to get the bar graph.

11. Verify that the screen shows Pulse 1 (high air). If it doesn't, press <Alt><P> until it

X-rays are being generated during this procedure. Keep hands, head and other
body parts out of beam.

a) use gain of “2” for high and “1” for low
b) use X-ray mode “3”

six (6) volts.

both Filter Drum Allen alignment screws (Figure 4-7 shows location of front alignment
screw and jam nuts). Ensure that the Filter Drum is running.

does.

12. Set X-ray mode to 3, and make sure the screen still shows pulse 1. Press <Ctrl><Page
Down>.

13. Press F1 to turn on X-rays.

The next 3 steps adjust the beam side to side.

1. Move the

4-8

front

Filter Drum Allen alignment screw until the X-ray signal peaks.

Note:

Section 4 - Alignment & Calibration

The last direction turned should be clockwise to eliminate backlash when the jam nuts are
tightened.

2. Move the

Note:

The next 7 steps adjust the beam front to back.

The last direction turned should be clockwise to eliminate backlash when the jam nuts are
tightened.

3. Tighten the jam nuts on both Filter Drum Allen alignment screws. (The X-rays should
still show peak amplitude.)

1. Turn off X-rays and remove the alignment test fixture.

2. At the Array assembly, loosen the four X-alignment nuts (see Figure 4-7).

3. Turn on X-rays.

4. Adjust the array X-alignment screw in one direction until the trace drops off (the signal
on the end detectors of the array will drop off). Then, count the turns while moving it in
the other direction until the trace falls off on the detector on the other end of the array.
Set the adjustment in the middle by turning the screw back half the number of turns
counted.

5. Tighten the four array X-alignment nuts.

6. Turn off X-rays.

7. Turn off SUSQ.

back

Filter Drum Allen alignment screw until the X-ray signal peaks.

APERTURE CALIBRATION (A and SL only)

This procedure identifies the exact positions of each aperture (slit) in the encoder unit.

1. Center and lower the table.

2. Run SQDRIVER, press <Enter>.

3. At the CARM$$$$> prompt type CALIBRATE (be patient, this procedure takes several
minutes).

MOTOR CALIBRATION

The SQDRIVER program provides a CALIBRATE command for each of the motors (TZ, AY,
TY, TX and AR) to calibrate the encoder read back and determine the limits of motion.

Use the following table to determine which calibration procedures you need to perform on a
given QDR 4500 model.

4-9

QDR4500 Technical Manual

Perform the calibration procedures

if indicated (*) from left to right

order.

Model TZ AY TY T X AR

A *****

SL * * - * *

W -***-

C-*-*-

Except for the TZ motor, each motor requires the corresponding protocol calibration file in the
PROTOCOL sub-directory (e.g., for MOTOR$AY, the calibration protocol is
MOTOR_AY.PRO).

To begin the calibration procedure, at the Hologic main menu, type:

1. <Alt><F1>

2. At the C:\MENU> prompt, type SQDRIVER<Enter>

3. At the CARM$$$$> prompt, type MOTOR$XX<Enter>, where XX equals TZ, AY,
TY, TX, or AR, depending on which motor you are calibrating.

MOTOR$TZ (QDR 4500A and SL)

1. Select the TZ motor device driver by typing:
MOTOR$TZ<Enter>

2. At the MOTOR$TZ> prompt, type:
CALIBRATE<Enter>

The program sends the calibration command to the TZ microprocessor and waits twenty seconds
for table motion to complete. During this time, the TZ microprocessor moves the table pedestals
to the top mechanical limit and then back down to the bottom mechanical limit. You are then
asked the following:

Mark the current height of the table and press the
<Enter> key to move the table to the topmost position.
Then measure the distance that the table moved in
centimeters.

3. Measure the distance moved using the bottom edge of the top pedestal cover and the
floor. The system displays:

Total Distance Moved By Pedestal [20.0 cm] ?

4. Type xx.x<Enter> where xx.x = the distance you measured. It should be around

20.0 cm.

5. Press <Enter>. The system then displays the following:

Are Sure Total Distance Moved By Pedestal Is xx.x cm. [Y/N] ?

4-10

Section 4 - Alignment & Calibration

The xx.x equals the measurement you typed in above. If you type N, the system redisplays the
second message and you should retype the distance you measured. If you type Y, the system
displays the following:

Update Driver INI-File [Y/N] ?

6. Type Y<Enter>.

The SQDRIVER program then reads the calibration parameters from the TZ microprocessor and
prompts

set_table_calibration=499,3490,500,3494
calibrate_position=10,1000,1000,819,50000,500,500,3494
pos_limit_position=182784
neg_limit_position=0

Update Driver INI-File [Y/N] ?

The four values for
encoder limits and the right pedestal lower and upper encoder limits. The two lower limits should

close

be

to each other, as should the two upper limits. The eight

10

1)

2,3)

4,5)

6)

7,8)

(Tolerance). The ± position tolerance, in encoder ticks, for absolute moves.
Although the TZ microprocessor does its own absolute moves, not the AT device
driver, this field is used by state machine programs to determine whether the TZ
position is within tolerance and should be ten (10).

1000,1000

corresponding to the step distance in microns. These two fields are only used for
stepping motors, not for the DC table motors, and should always be 1000,1000.

819,50000

corresponding to the tick distance in microns. The table encoder calibration is fixed
and should always be 819 encoder counts per 50,000 microns.

500

of motion. The origin of TZ motion is the lower right pedestal, so this field should be
the same as the third field in the

500,3494

positive (upward) mechanical stops. In normal operation, the TZ microprocessor uses
the right pedestal readings for closed loop control so these two fields should be the
same as the last two fields in the

set_table_calibration

(NumberOfSteps,StepDistance). The number of motors steps

(NumberOfTicks,TickDistance). The number of encoder ticks

(EncoderOffset). The value subtracted from the encoder readback to set the origin

(NegLimit,PosLimit). The encoder readings for the negative (downward) and

are, respectively, the left pedestal lower and upper

set_table_calibration

set_table_calibration

calibrate_position

line (above).

line (above).

fields are:

pos_limit_position

The
the positive and negative direction

Note:

PosLimitOffset

The

hardware.ini

entries are not present, or are zero, the motion limits are set to the mechanical limits, as in
the above example.

file determine the motion limits relative to the mechanical stops. If these

and the

and

neg_limit_position

NegLimitOffset

are the limits of motion, in microns, in

entries in the

[TzMotor]

section of the

4-11

QDR4500 Technical Manual

7. Type Y<Enter> to accept the calibration values.

MOTOR$AY (all QDR 4500 models)

Before beginning this procedure, make sure that the AY motor encoder
drive shaft tubing.

1. Select the AY motor device driver by typing:

MOTOR$AY<Enter>

2. At the MOTOR$AY> prompt in SQDRIVER.EXE, type:

CALIBRATE<Enter>

The program prompts:

Press <Enter> when the AY motor reaches the LEFT mechanical limit.

Press <ESC> to stop calibration.

The program moves the TZ motor to its topmost position and then starts AY moving to the
left. When AY hits the left mechanical stop the first time:

3. Press <ESC>.

The program returns to the MOTOR$AY menu page (below).

In the right hand column of the display, eight lines from the bottom (and highlighted in the
figure below), is the raw a/d readback of the motor encoder (in the example below, it is

2048). Manually rotate the encoder until the readback is 3750±50 (i.e., in the range 3700-

3800) and then clamp the encoder to the drive shaft, making sure not to over stress the clamp.

is not

clamped to the

4. Repeat the calibration procedure above but now, when AY hits the left mechanical stop,

<Enter>

press

The program then starts AY moving to the right and prompts:

Press <Enter> when the AY motor reaches the RIGHT mechanical limit.

5. When AY hits the right mechanical stop, press <Enter>.

The program then switches to graphics mode and draws the Encoder Vs Distance calibration
grid. It steps the AY motor to the left in one inch increments until the motor hits the left
mechanical stop, and then steps the AY motor to the right in one inch increments until the
motor hits the right mechanical stop. The program plots the encoder data during the scan (in
raw encoder units, 0-4095).

4-12

.

Press <ESC> to stop calibration.

Section 4 - Alignment & Calibration

6. Press <ESC> anytime during the scan to terminate the calibration procedure.

MotionState NONE OnLine 1
DeviceState E_OK EmergencyStop 0
MotionError E_OK InterlockInhibit 0
PosMotionSwitch 0 CollisionImminent 0
NegMotionSwitch 0 LocalMotionEnable 0
PosLimitSwitch NONE C/C Version 0.00
NegLimitSwitch NONE # C/C Interrupts 5678(18)
Position 363812 # DOS Interrupts 878
MoveState DONE StepStatus 0
FirstRate 4000 AccelType 1
FinalRate 30000 Direction 1
HoldPower LOW HoldPower 1
StepPower MEDIUM StepPower 2
AccelDistance 3006 InputSwitches 3
AccelType 1
MinMotion 0 NegLimitPosition 900
MotionDetect 0 PosLimitPosition 3992
PosLimitPosition 936949 FirstRate 222
NegLimitPosition 25355 FinalRate 1667
PositionAverage 1 AccelSteps 167
DriverVersion 3.41 NumberOfSteps 50000
DeviceVersion 2.03 RateScaleFactor 1
G-11110 G
MOTOR$AY>

Position 2048

When the calibration scan completes, the program computes the linear fits to the positive and
negative motion. The linear fit parameters are displayed at the top left and top right of the
plot in the form Y = Intercept + Slope * X. The two slopes (e.g., 86.6 and 86.5) should be
within 0.3 of each other.

4-13

QDR4500 Technical Manual

The program displays the positive and negative limits as horizontal dashed lines.

Note:

The program then changes the plot title to

<Enter>

The
the direction of increasing encoder values ('0' if the direction is
value is set from the corresponding parameter in the MOTOR_AY.PRO file and is a constant
for each motor (i.e., the direction of increasing encoder values must agree with the system
coordinates and the positive step direction is set by the wiring harness for the stepper motor).

The eight

PosLimitOffset

The

hardware.ini

entries are not present, or are zero, the motion limits are set to the mechanical limits).

key and the program prompts

motor_direction=1
calibrate_position=1,2288,41187,209,61339,363,363,3719
pos_limit_position=984946
neg_limit_position=0

motor_direction

file determine the motion limits relative to the mechanical stops. If these

calibrate_position

NegLimitOffset

and

Update Driver INI-File [Y/N] ?

field determines whether the positive step direction is the

fields are:

entries in the

PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE

[AyMotor]

not

section of the

reversed, '1' if it is). This

. Press the

reverse

of

4-14