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IR3455-01 KIT
User manual
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HIOKI IR3455-01 KIT User manual

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IR3455
Instruction Manual
HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATION TESTER
EN
Dec. 2019 Revised edition 2 IR3455A961-02 19-12H
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Contents

Introduction ...................................................... 1
Verifying Package Contents / Open the case ..1
Safety Information ...........................................5
Operating Precautions .....................................9
1 Overview 19
1.1 Product Overview .................................19
1.2 Features ............................................... 21
1.3 Measurement Overview .......................23
1.4 Names and Functions of Parts .............29
1.5 Screen Setup .......................................33
2 Measurement Preparations 35
2.1 Supplying Power ..................................35
2.1.1 Installing or Replacing the Battery...... 36
2.1.2 Installing the Battery Pack (Rechargeable
nickel-hydrogen battery)......................39
2.1.3 Connecting the AC Adapter................ 45
2.1.4 Charging the Battery Pack ................. 47
2.2 Turning Power On and Off ...................50
2.2.1 Auto Power Off................................... 51
2.3 Setting and Checking Date and Time ..52
2.3.1 Setting Date and Time........................ 52
2.3.2 Checking Date and Time.................... 55
2.4 Connecting Test Lead ..........................56
2.5 Connecting Temperature Sensor .........58
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3 Measurement 59
3.1 Pre-Operation Inspection .....................59
3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance .........62
3.2.1 Starting Measurement......................... 64
3.2.2 Ending Measurement.......................... 70
3.2.3 Checking and Deleting Held Data....... 72
3.2.4 Automatic Discharge Function............ 73
3.2.5 Switching to Leakage Current Indication
.............................................................74
3.2.6 Insulation Resistance Measurement
Basis....................................................75
3.2.7 Use of GUARD Terminal..................... 77
3.3 Measuring Voltage ...............................79
3.4 Measuring Temperature .......................82
3.4.1 Measurement Procedure .................... 82
4 Advanced Measurement 85
4.1 Using Timer ..........................................85
4.1.1 Setting Timer/Conducting Insulation
Resistance Measurement....................85
4.2 Displaying PI and DAR .........................89
4.3 Temperature Compensation (TC) ........93
4.3.1 Performing Temperature Compensation
.............................................................93
4.3.2 Exiting Temperature Compensation
Mode....................................................96
4.4 Step Voltage Test .................................97
4.4.1 Setting and Conducting a Step Voltage
Test......................................................98
4.4.2 Viewing Detailed Data of Each Step after
Step Voltage Test ..............................101
4.4.3 Exiting Step Voltage Test Mode........ 103
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5 Recording Measurement Data
(Memory Function) 105
iii
5.1 Recording Measurement Data ...........107
5.1.1 Manual Recording (Recording result of
one measurement session)...............107
5.1.2 Logging Recording
(Recording at regular intervals)......... 110
5.2 Checking Recorded Data ...................118
5.3 Deleting Recorded Data .....................123
5.3.1 Deleting Data of Chosen No............. 123
5.3.2 Deleting all Data............................... 124
6 Other Functions 125
6.1 Changing and Checking Interval Setting
for PI Calculation.................................125
6.1.1 Changing Interval Setting................. 125
6.1.2 Checking Interval Setting ................. 127
6.2 Changing and Checking Voltage Application Time for Step Voltage Test
............................................................128
6.2.1 Changing Time Setting..................... 128
6.2.2 Checking Time Setting..................... 130
6.3 Entering Temperature and Humidity Measured with External Thermometer and
Hygrometer.........................................131
6.3.1 Entering and Saving......................... 132
6.3.2 Clearing Indications of Temperature and
Humidity Stored Data........................135
6.4 Communicating with PC .....................136
6.4.1 Installing Data Analysis Software
for 3455.............................................137
6.4.2 Installing Driver................................. 138
6.4.3 Downloading Data to Save to PC/ Setting
up Instrument on PC .........................139
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7 Specifications 141
7.1 General Specifications .......................141
7.2 Measurement Specifications ..............147
7.2.1 Insulation Resistance Measurement. 147
7.2.2 Leakage Current Measurement ........ 150
7.2.3 Voltage Measuremen t....................... 151
7.2.4 Temperature Measurement .............. 152
7.3 9750-01/-02/-03/-11/-12/-13 and 9751-01/-02/-03 ALLIGATOR CLIPs
Specifications......................................153
8 Maintenance and Service 155
8.1 Troubleshooting .................................156
8.2 Cleaning ............................................. 158
8.3 Error Display ......................................158
8.4 Performing System Reset ..................160
8.5 Discarding the Instrument ..................161
Appendix 165
Appendix 1Test Voltage
Characteristic Graph...........................165
Appendix 2Example of Insulation Resistance
Criteria.................................................166
Appendix 3Example of PI Criteria
(Polarization Index).............................166
Appendix 4Temperature Compensation Table
............................................................167
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Introduction

Appearance of Case
Cover
Latches
Handle
Thank you for purchasing the Hioki IR3455 High Voltage Insulation Tester. To obtain maximum performance from the instru­ment, please read this manual first, and keep it handy for future reference.
Trademarks
• Microsoft and Windows are either regis­tered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries.
• Adobe and Adobe Reader are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and other countries.
Introduction
1
1 2 3 4

V erifying Package Contents / Open the case

When you receive the instrument, inspect it carefully to ensure that no damage occurred during shipping. In particular, check the accessories, panel switches, and connectors. If damage is evident, or if it fails to operate according to the specifications, contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller.
Open the case
Open the case by releasing the two latches. (See next page.)
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Verifying Package Contents / Open the case
Procedure
1. Draw the latch outwards with your fin-
ger.
2. While raising the entire latch, place a
finger on the top of the latch and pull it out.
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Verifying Package Contents / Open the case
IR3455 HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATION TESTER × 1
9750-01,-02,-03 TEST LEAD (Red, Black, Blue) Lead length Approx. 3 m
× 1 each
LR6 alkaline battery × 6Instruction Manual
(This book)
× 1
USB Cable
× 1
9751-01,-02,-03 ALLIGATOR CLIP (Red, Black, Blue)
× 1 each
CD (Data Analysis Software for 3455)*
× 1
Main Unit
Accessories
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
*The latest version can be downloaded
from our web site.
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Verifying Package Contents / Open the case
Options
The following options are available for the instrument. Contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller when ordering. The options are subject to change. Visit our website for updated information.
9750-1 1, -12,-1 3 TEST LEAD (Red, Black, Blue Lead length Appro x. 10 m) The specifications for the 9750-11 and 9750-12 models differ from the standard specifications in regards to temperature characteristics.
See 7.2"Measurement Specifications" (page
147).
9631-01,-05 TEMPERA TURE SENSOR Used for temperature measurement. 9631-01: Lead length Approx. 1 m 9631-05: Lead length Approx. 5 cm
9459 BATTERY PACK (Rechargeable nickel-hydrogen battery) The AC adapter is required for charging.
9753 AC ADAPTER 9418-15 AC ADAPTER
Input: 100 to 240 VAC Output: 12 V DC
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Safety Information

5
Safety Information
This instrument is designed to conform to IEC 61010 Safety Standards, and has been thoroughly tested for safety prior to shipment. However, using the instrument in a way not described in this manual may negate the provided safety features. Before using the instrument, be certain to carefully read the following safety notes:
1 2
Mishandling during use could result in injury or death, as well as da mage to the instrument. Be certain that you under­stand the instructions and precautions in the manual before use.
• Protective gear This instrument measures live lines. To prevent electric shock, use appropriate protective insulation and adhere to applicable laws and regulations.
• With regard to the electricity supply, there are risks of electric shock, heat generation, fire, and arc flash due to short circuits. Individuals using an elec­trical measuring instrument for the first time should be supervised by a techni­cian who has experience in electrical measurement.
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Safety Information
Symbols on the instrument
Indicates cautions and hazards. When the symbol is printed on the instrument, refer to a corresponding topic in the Instruction Manual.
Indicates that dangerous voltage may be present at this terminal.
Indicates a double-insulated device.
Indicates DC (Direct Current). Indicates AC (Alternating Current).
Symbols for standards
Indicates that the product conforms to regulations set out by the EC Directive.
Indicates the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equip­ment Directive (WEEE Directive) in EU member states.
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Safety Information
Notation
In this document, the risk seriousness and the hazard levels are classified as follows.
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation that will result in death or serious injury to the operator.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that may re­sult in death or serious injury to the operator.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that may re­sult in minor or moderate injury to the oper ator or da m­age to the instrument or malfunction.
Indicates advisory items related to performance or cor­rect operation of the instrument.
Indicates a high voltage hazard. If a particular safety check is not performed or the in­strument is mishandled, this may give rise to a hazard­ous situation; the operator may receive an electric shock, may get burnt or may even be fatally injured.
Indicates prohibited actions.
Indicates the location of reference information.
Indicates quick references for operation a nd remedies for troubleshooting.
Additional information is presented below.
*
The instrument screen displays the alphanumeric charac­ters as follows.
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Accuracy
We define measurement tolerances in terms of rdg. (read­ing) and dgt. (digit) values, with the following meanings:
dgt. (resolution)
rdg. (reading or
displayed value)
The smallest displayable unit on a digital mea­suring instrument, i.e., the input value that causes the digital display to show a "1" as the least-significant digit.
The value currently being measured and indi­cated on the measuring instrument.
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Safety Information
Measurement categories
To ensure safe operation of measuring instruments, IEC 61010 establishes safety standards for various electrical environments, categorized as CAT II to CAT IV, and called measurement categories.
• Using a measuring instrument in an environment designated with a higher­numbered category than that for which the instrument is rated could result in a severe accident, and must be carefully avoided.
• Never use a measuring instrument that lacks category labeling in a CA T II to CAT IV measurement environment. Doing so could result in a serious accident.
CAT II Primary electrical circuits in equipment con-
CAT III Primary electrical circuits of heavy equip-
CAT IV The circuit from the service drop to the ser-
nected to an AC electrical outlet by a power cord (portable tools, household appliances, etc.) CAT II covers directly measuring elec­trical outlet receptacles.
ment (fixed installations) connected directly to the distribution panel, and feeders from the distribution panel to outlets.
vice entrance, and to the power meter and primary overcurrent protection device (dis­tribution panel).
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Operating Precautions

Preliminary Checks
Precautions during shipment
9
Operating Precautions
Follow these precautions to ensure safe operation and to obtain the full benefits of the various functions.
1
Before using the instrument, verify that it operates normally to ensure that no dam­age occurred during storage or shipping. If you find any damage, contact your autho­rized Hioki distributor or reseller.
If the test lead or the instrument is dam­aged, there is a risk of electric shock. Perform the following inspection before using the instrument:
• Before using the instrum ent check that the coating of the test leads are neither ripped nor torn and that no metal parts are exposed. Using the instrument under such conditions could result in electric shock. Replace the test leads with those specified by our company.
• Verify that the instrument operates nor­mally to ensure that no damage occurred during storage or sh ipping. If you find any damage, contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller.
• To prevent an electric shock, confirm that the white or red portion (insulation layer) inside the cable is not exposed. If a color inside the cable is exposed, do not use the cable.
During shipment of the instrument, handle it carefully so that it is not damaged due to a vibration or shock.
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Placement
Operating Precautions
Operating temperature and humidity range: P.141 Temperature and humidity range for guaranteed accuracy: P.149 to P.151
Installing the instrument in inappropriate locations may cause a malfunction of instrument or may give rise to an acci­dent. Avoid the following locations:
• Exposed to direct sunlight or high tem­perature
• Exposed to corrosive or combustible gases
• Exposed to a strong electromagnetic field or electrostatic charge
• Near induction heating systems (such as high-frequency induction heating systems and IH cooking equipment)
• Susceptible to vibration
• Exposed to water, oil, chemicals, or sol­vents
• Exp osed to high humidity or condensa­tion
• Exposed to high quantities of dust parti­cles
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Operating Precautions
Shutter
11
Observe the following to avoid electric shock and short circuits.
• Before connecting or disconnecting the test leads to/from the instrument, be sure to disconnect the test leads from the object under test and turn off power.
• Do not perform measurement with the battery cover removed.
• Do not use the shut­ter if it is broken.
• To avoid electric shock, do not remove the instrument's case. The inter­nal components of the instrument carry high voltages and may become very hot during operation.
• Do not use the instrument in environ­ments containing ignitable gases, explosive powders, etc. (Risk of explo­sion)
• Do not place the instrument on an unstable table or an inclined place. Dropping or knocking down the instru­ment can cause injury or damage to the instrument.
• Do not use the instrument with circuits that exceed its ratings or specifications. Doing so may damage the instrument or cause it to become hot, resulting in bodily injury/electric shock.
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• Before using the instrument, inform those around you of your intention to do so.
• To prevent instrument damage or electric shock, use only the screw for securing the battery cover in place that are originally installed. If you have lost a screw or find that a screw is damaged, please contact your Hioki distributor for a replacement.
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Operating Precautions
• This instrument is designed for use indoors. It can be operated at temperatures between -10 to 50°C (14 to 122
°F
) without
degrading safety.
• To avoid damage to the instrument, protect it from physical shock when transporting and handling. Be especially careful to avoid physical shock from dropping.
• If the protective fu nctions of the instrument are damaged, either remove it from service or mark it clearly so that others do not use it inadvertently.
• Touching any of the high-voltage points inside the instrument is very dangerous. Customers are not allowed to modify, disas­semble, or repair the instrument. Doing so may cause fire, electric shock, or injury.
• Place the cover on the instrument when not in use.
• To avoid damage to the instrument, do not connect an external device to the USB termi­nal or the temperature sensor terminal .
• The cable is hardene d under the 0 degree or colder environment. Do not bend or pull it to avoid tearing its shield or cutting cable.
• This instrument is not drip-proof. Water droplets on the grip or connector may result in malfunctions.
• The protection rating for the enclosure of this device (based on EN60529) is *IP40.
This indicates the degree of protection pro vided by the enclosure of the device against use in hazard­ous locations, entry of solid foreign objects, and the ingress of water. 4: Protected against access to hazardous parts with wire measuring 1.0 mm in diameter. The equipment inside the enclosure is protected against entry by solid foreign objects larger than 1.0 mm in diameter. 0: The equipment inside the enclosure is not pro­tected against the harmful effects of water.
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Operating Precautions
13
• After use, always turn off the power.
• Standby State The use of "standby state" in this manual means that measurement is not being performed and that no parameters are set. This includes the state in which
is on.
• If the instrument is exposed to an abrupt large variation in temperature, condensation may occur, resulting in measurement errors. Leave the instrument in a new environment for a while before starting measurement.
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Measurement
Operating Precautions
• It is recommend to mak e measurements on the secondary side of distribution panels. Measuring the primary side, where the current capacity is much larger, could cause damage to the instrument or panel in the event of a short-circuit.
• Do not short the two measurement lines with the metal portion of the tips of the test leads. Doing so may cause arcing or otherwise result in a serious accident.
• To avoid short circuit or electric shock, do not touch the metal parts of the connecting cable clips.
• To prevent electric shock, when mea­suring the voltage of a power line use only the specified test lead.
• The optional test leads provided with this instrument conform to the safety standard EN61010. Use a test lead in accordance with its defined measure­ment category and rated voltage.
• To prevent an electric shock, do not exceed the lower of the ratings shown on the instrument and test leads.
To avoid damage to the instrument, do not apply voltage or current to temperature probe.
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Operating Precautions
Electrical Units
CD precautions
Handling the Battery Pack
15
1 T(Tera ohm) =1000 G =1012 1 G(Giga ohm) =1000 M =10 1 M(Mega ohm) =1000 k =10 1 mA (Milliampere) =0.001 A =10 1 A (Micro ampere) =0.001 mA =10 1 nA (Nano ampere) =0.001 A=10
• Exercise care to keep the recorded side of discs free of dirt and scratches. When writing text on a disc's label, use a pen or marker with a soft tip.
• Keep discs inside a protective case and do not expose to direct sunlight, high tem­perature, or high humidity.
• Hioki is not liable for any issues your computer system experiences in the course of using this disc.
Be sure to observe the following precau­tions. Incorrect handling may result in liquid leaks, heat generation, ignition, bursting and other hazards:
• The battery pack contains lye, which may cause blindness if it comes into contact with the eyes. Should battery liquid get into your eyes, avoid rubbing them. Flush them with water and seek immediate medical attention.
• When storing the instrument, make sure no objects that could short-circuit the connectors are placed near them.
9
6
-3
A
-6
A
-9
A
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Operating Precautions
Observe the following to avoid damage to the instrument:
• Use the battery pack in an ambient temp er­ature range of 0 to 40°C and charge it in an ambient temperature range of 0 to 40°C.
• If the battery pack fails to finish charging within the stipulated time, disconnect the AC adapter to stop charging and contact your dealer or Hioki representative.
• Consu lt your dealer or nearest service sta­tion should liquid leaks, strange odor, heat, discoloration, deformation and other abnor­mal conditions occur during use, charging or storage. Should these conditions occur during use or charging, turn off and discon­nect the instrument immediately.
• Do not expose the instrument to water and do not use it in excessively humid locations or locations exposed to rain.
• Do not expose the instrument to strong impacts and do not throw it around.
Heed the following instructions to avoid bat­tery performance drop or leakage.
• Do no mix o ld and new batteries, or differ­ent types of batteries.
• Pay attention to the polarity ma rkings "+-", so that you do not insert the batteries the wrong way around.
• Do not use batteries after their recom­mended expiry date.
• Do not leave a depleted batteries inside the instrument.
• Replace batteries only with the specified type.
• Remove the batteries or battery pack from the instrument if it is to be stored for a long time.
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Operating Precautions
17
• The battery pack is a consumable. If you are able to use the instrument for only a limited period of time despite the battery pack being properly charged, the battery pack's service life is at an end, and it should be replaced.
• When a battery pack that has not been used for a long time is used, charging may end before the battery pack is fully charged. In such a case, repeat charging and discharging a number of time before use. (A battery pack may also be in such a state immediately after purchase.)
• The life of the battery pack (when capacity is 60% or more of initial capacity) is approximately 500 charge-discharge cycles. (The life differs depending on the conditions of use.)
• To prevent battery pack deterioration when the battery will not be used for 1 month or longer, remove it and store it in a dry location with an ambient temperature range of between -20°C to 30°C. Be sure to discharge and charge it every two months. Long-term storage at low battery capacity will reduce performance.
• When a battery pack is used, the instrument turns off automatically when the capacity drops. Leaving the instrument in this state for a long time may lead to over discharge so be sure to turn off the power switch on the instrument.
• The charging efficiency of the battery pack deteriorates at high and low temperatures.
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Operating Precautions
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1.1 Product Overview

Overview 1

19
1
1.1 Product Overview
The IR3455 is an insulation resistance tester with a wide measurement range, for use in such environments involving low to high voltage.
The instrument has the functions and purposes given below.
Function Purpose
(Basic) Insulation
resistance measurement
Voltage measurement
Temperature measurement
(Applied) Timer To automatically end mea surement
Display PI and DAR values
Temperature compensa­tion (TC)
To test the insulation resistance of an electrical facility.
To measure the voltage of an exter­nal circuit, e.g., commercial power supply.
To measure a temperature 3.4 (P.82)
after a predetermined time. To check whether the insulation re-
sistance increases with time after a voltage is applied. [When the PI (polarization index) value or the DAR (dielectric absorp­tion ratio) value is close to 1, the in­strument determines that the insulation of the object to be mea­sured has deteriorated.]
To obtain the insulation resistance at various temperatures varied fr om the actual environmental tempera­ture at which measurement is per­formed.
Reference
page
3.2 (P.62)
3.3 (P.79)
4.1 (P.85)
4.2 (P.89)
4.3 (P.93)
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1.1 Product Overview
Function Purpose
Step voltage test
Memory PC
Communica­tion
To determine whether the insula­tion resistance of an object chang­es according to test voltage applied.
To save the measurement data. To create tables or graphs of the
data saved in the memory for re­ports, etc.
Reference
page
4.4 (P.97)
5 (P.105)6.4 (P.136)
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1.2 Features

1.2 Features

21
Wide test voltage range
Generates a wide range of test voltages, from 250 V to 5 kV The voltage may be chosen from the com­monly used presets of 250 V, 500 V, 1 kV, 2.5 kV, and 5 kV; or set to a desired level by increments or decrements o f 25 V or 100 V.
3.2 "Measuring Insulation Resistance" (page 62)
Insulation diagnoses
For automatic calculation and indication of PI (polarization index) and DAR (dielectric absorption ratio), step voltage testing, and temperature compensation.
4 "Advanced Measurement" (page 85)
Large memory
Stores up to 100 manual records and 10 logging records. The stored data may be displayed on the LCD or downloaded to a PC.
5 "Recording Measurement Data ( Mem or y Func-
tion)" (page 105)
6.4 "Communicating with PC" (page 136)
Large, clear display
The large display provides easy viewing. Measurements may also be displayed using a logarithmic bar graph, offering the feel of an analog meter. The LCD is backlit, enabling measurement in poor lighting conditions.
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1.2 Features
PC software with report creation/ printing feature
The instrument has a USB interface. Data stored in the memory may be downloaded to PC using the data download software. The same software also enables reports to be created and printed with ease.
6.4 "Communicating with PC" (page 136)
Compact hard case
The case is durable-designed to withstand the toughest of working conditions, com­pact, and highly portable.
Dual battery power supply
The instrument can be powered by either alkaline or rechargeable nickel-hydrogen batteries. (Selectable via switch)
2.1.1 "Installing or Replacing the Battery" (page
36)
2.1.2 "Installing the Battery Pack (Rechargeable nickel-hydrogen battery)" (page 39)
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1.3 Measurement Overview

Purpose : Inspection of high-voltage electrical
facilities
Location : High-voltage receiving station or trans-
forming station
Test object : Large motors, transformers, cables,
etc.
• Measures insulation resistance, voltage and tem­perature.
• Stores measurement data in the internal memory.
• Downloads data to a PC for table, graph, or report creation.
Prepare for measurement
2 "Measurement Preparations" (page 35)
23
1.3 Measurement Overview
This instrument is designed for measurement of the follo w­ing:
Measurement condition
When measuring insulation resistance, ensure that power supply to the object under test is turned off.
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You will need:
• IR3455 HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATION TESTER
• AA alkaline batteries (LR6), or 9459 BATTERY PACK
• 9750-01,-02,-03 TEST LEAD
• 9751-01,-02,-03 ALLIGATOR CLIP
• 9631-01,-05 TEMPERATURE SENSOR (for temperature measurement)
Flow of measurement
Before starting measurement, check the following:
• The power supply method.
• The power ON/OFF method.
• That date and time are set.
• Connection of test leads, temperature sensor, and USB cable.
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Start measurement.
GUARD terminal
Warning: Confirm that the power supply to the
object under test has been turned off.
Object to be measured (Ex.: Motor)
+ terminal
- terminal
Test lead (Red)
Attach to a metal chassis or a ground terminal.
Test lead (Black)
Attach to a metal part of the power supply terminal.
1.3 Measurement Overview

Insulation Resistance Measurement
3.2 "Measuring Insulation Resistance" (page 62)
Make sure that power supply to the object under
1.
test is turned off.
2.
Press the key to turn on the instrument.
Connect the test leads into the
3.
"+" and "-" terminals of the instru­ment and to the object to be tested.
2.2 (page 50)
2.4 (page 56)
3.2.1 (page 64)
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1.3 Measurement Overview
4.
Press the key and set the test voltage.
5.
Press the key to gener­ate a voltage and start measure-
ment.
3.2.1 (page 64)
3.2.1 (page 64)
25
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Read the indication.
6.
3.2.1 (page 64)
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1.3 Measurement Overview
7.
Press the key to stop voltage generation and measure-
ment.
3.2.2 (page 70)
The automatic discharge function
8.
is activated.
Measurement is terminated when
9.
the voltage falls below 10 V.
3.2.4 (page 73)
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1.3 Measurement Overview
+ terminal
- terminal
GUARD terminal
Test lead (Red) Test lead (Black)
Voltage Measurement

3.3 "Measuring Voltage" (page 79)
Connect the test leads into the "+" and "-" termi-
1.
nals of the instrument and to the object to be tested.
Read the indication.
2.
27
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Record measurement data
5 "Recording Measurement Data (Memory Function)"
1.3 Measurement Overview
Temperature Measurement

3.4 "Measuring Temperature" (page 82)
Insert the temperature sensor into the tempera-
1.
ture sensor terminal of the instrument.
Read the indication.
2.
Press the key to stop temperature mea-
3.
surement.
Insulation resistance and temperature measurement data are held after measurement is completed. This data will be cleared if power is turned off. To store the data, use the memory function.
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1.4 Names and Functions of Parts

1. 2.
3.
LCD
Slide the shutter.
Operating panel
(page 31)
4.
567
(page 9, page 45)
(page 9, page 56)
Front
1.4 Names and Functions of Parts
29
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Back
Battery cover
Set screw
Battery pack compartment (Under the battery cover)
Battery selector switch (Under the battery cover)
Selects the type of battery.
AA alkaline batteries (LR6) compartment (Under the battery cover)
(page 9, page 36,
page 39)
1.4 Names and Functions of Parts
Name Function
AC adapter
1
terminal
2 USB terminal
Temperature
3
sensor terminal
4Shutter
+ measurement
5
6
7
*
terminal
- measurement
*
terminal GUARD
terminal
*These are referred to simply as + and - terminals.
Connect the AC adapter to this terminal.
2.1.3 "Connecting the AC Adapter" (page
45)
Connect the USB Cable to this terminal.
6.4.3 "Downloading Data to Save to PC/
Setting up Instrument on PC" (page 139)
Connect the temperature sensor to this termi­nal.
2.5 "Connecting Temperature Sensor"
(page 58)
Prevents connection to other terminals when test leads are connected to the mea sur em en t terminals - a safety feature.
Connect the red test lead to this terminal.
2.4 "Connecting Test Lead" (page 56)
Connect the black test lead to this terminal.
2.4 "Connecting Test Lead" (page 56)
Connect the blue test lead to this terminal.
3.2.7 "Use of GUARD Terminal" (page 77)
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1.4 Names and Functions of Parts
Operating panel
6. 7.
2.
1.
8. 9. 10.
13.
14.
15.
11.12.
5.3.4.
31
1 2 3 4
Key Function
1 Used to turn power on/off.
Used to set parameters.
2
3
4
5
6
Used to toggle between set voltage and monitor voltage after resistance measurement.
Used to set parameters.
Used to set test voltage.
• Used to make fine adjustments to test voltage.
• Used to move the cursor to change units, val­ues, etc.
• Used to display the date and time.
• Used to set the date and time.
• Used to make fine adjustments to test voltage.
• Used to move the cursor to change units, val­ues, etc.
• Used to display the timer.
• Used to set the timer.
• Used to confirm entries.
• Used to stop temperature measurement.
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Test lead and alligator clip
page 56
1.4 Names and Functions of Parts
Key Function
• Used to start and stop of resistance measure-
7
(Warning lamp)
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 Used to delete data in the memory.
ment.
• Blinks when a voltage is generated.
• Blinks when a voltage of 50 V or more is input or when discharging is performed.
• Turns the LCD backlight on/off.
• LCD backlight automatically extinguishes after 30 seconds.
• Changes measurement units on the LCD.
When measuring resistance:
• This key toggles between display of current and resistance on the LCD
•
When the resistance value is held:
This key changes LCD display in the following sequence: resistance current  DAR 1 min/ 15s DAR 1 min/30s PI resistance current ...
• Used to view held temperature data.
• Used to enter the temperature of an external thermometer.
Used to reduce drift of resistance or current reading.
Used to enter the temperature compensation mode.
• Used to store data in the memory.
• Used to display the date and time data was stored in the memory.
15 Used to display data in the memory.
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1.5 Screen Setup
All On Measuring Voltage
Measured voltage
Blinking
Measuring Temperature

1.5 Screen Setup

33
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3.3 "Measuring Voltage" (page 79)
3.4 "Measuring Temperature" (page 82)
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Measuring Insulation Resistance
Actual output voltage
Blinking
> blinks if the input exceeds the measure­ment range.
Elapsed time Insulation resistance
The screen is switched over with the
key.
Leakage Current Display
Blinking
Elapsed time
Actual output voltage
The bar graph shows the resistance measurement.
< blinks at below 1 nA.
Current measurement
1.5 Screen Setup
3.2 "Measuring Insulation Resistance" (page 62)
3.2.5 "Switching to Leakage Current Indication"
(page 74)
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Measurement

2.1 Supplying Power

35
Preparations
2
2.1 Supplying Power
This instrument can be powered by the following:
• AA alkaline batteries (LR6)
See 2.1.1 "Installing or Replacing the Battery" (page 36).
• 9459 BATTERY PACK (Option)
See 2.1.2 "Installing the Battery Pack (Rechargeable nickel-hydro-
gen battery)" (page 39), and 2.1.4 "Charging the Battery Pack" (page 47)
• 9753 AC ADAPTER or 9418-15 AC ADAPTER (Option)
See 2.1.3 "Connecting the AC Adapter" (page 45).
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2.1 Supplying Power

2.1.1 Installing or Replacing the Battery

• To avoid electric shock, turn off the power switch and disconnect the test leads before replacing the batteries.
• Do not mix old and new batteries, or dif­ferent types of batteries. Also, be care­ful to observe battery polarity during installation. Otherwise, poor perfor­mance or damage from battery leakage could result.
• After replacing the batteries, reattach the battery cover and secure the screw before using the instrument.
• Battery may explode if mistreated. Do not short-circuit, recharge, disassemble or dispose of in fire.
• Handle and dispose of batteries in accordance with local regulations.
• When the battery status indicator
is low, replace the batteries.
• The indicator lights up when the
remaining battery capacity is low. In this case, measurement is not possible. Replace the batteries.
• Use the specified batteries only. Do not use
manganese batteries, for example, since operating time will be greatly reduced.
• To avoid corrosion and damage to this
instrument from battery leakage, remove the batteries from the instrument if it is to be stored for a long time.
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Procedure
Set screw
Remove
Battery cover
2.1 Supplying Power
37
1. Turn off power and disconnect all the
test leads from the instrument.
See 2.2 "Turning Po wer On and Off" (page 50).
1
2. Loosen the set screw on the rear of the
instrument and remove the battery cover.
3. Place six LR6 alkaline batteries into the
battery compartment. (Replace all six at the same time)
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To LR6
2.1 Supplying Power
4. Turn the battery selector switch to LR6.
When the power is turned on, “Lr6” appears on the top left of the screen.
See 2.2 "Turning Power On and Off" (page 50).
5. Replace the battery cover and tighten
the set screw.
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2.1 Supplying Power
2.1.2 Ins talling the Battery Pack (Rechargeable nickel-hydrogen bat­tery)
• Use the optional 9459 BATTERY PACK. The operating
time is longer than that with alkaline batteries, and the pack is rechargeable.
• Battery pack is dispatched in an uncharged state. Charge
before use.
ProcedureSee 2.1.4 "Charging the Battery Pack" (page 47).
• For battery operation, use only the Hioki Model 9459 BATTERY PACK. We do not take any responsibility for accidents or damage related to the use of any other batteries.
• To avoid heat buildup, rupture, or leak­age of the battery, do not use if dam­aged, wires are exposed, or the battery/ instrument connector is damaged.
• To avoid electric shock, be sure to dis­connect the test leads from the instru­ment, turn off power, and disconnect the AC adapter from the instrument, before installing or removing the battery pack.
• Battery may explode if mistreated. Do not short-circuit, disassemble or dis­pose of in fire. Do not recharge alkaline batteries. Handle and dispose of batter­ies in accordance with local regulations.
Take care not to step on the battery pack power cable, as this may damage it.
39
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2.1 Supplying Power
Installation Procedure
• If the battery pack is not used for an extended period of time, remove it from the instrument and store at a temperature between -20 to 30°C, to prevent deterioration. Charge the battery at least every 2 months. If the battery pack is left for a long period of time in a low state of charge, its performance will be degraded.
• When the battery status indicator is low, charge the battery pack.
• The battery pack is subject to self­discharge. Be sure to charge the battery pack before initial use. If the battery capacity remains very low after correct recharging, the useful battery life is at an end.
• The life of the battery pack is 500 charging cycles, i.e., about one year.
Tools: Phillips screwdriver
1.
Turn off power and disconnect the test leads, AC adapter and USB cable from the instru­ment.
See 2.2 "Turning Power On and Off" (page 50).
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2.1 Supplying Power
Set screw
Remove
Battery cover
41
2. Loosen the set screw on the rear of the
instrument and remove the battery cover.
3. Connect the battery pack to the instru-
ment. (Align the protrusions.)
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To 9459
2.1 Supplying Power
4. Place the battery pack in the battery
pack compartment.
5. Turn the battery selector switch to 9459.
When the power is turned on, “bP” appears on the top left of the screen.
See 2.2 "Turning Power On and Off" (page 50).
6. Replace the battery cover and tighten the
set screw. (Be careful not to catch the battery pack cable in the battery cover, to prevent damaged wiring.).
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2.1 Supplying Power
Set screw
Remove
Battery cover
43
Replacement Procedure
1. Turn off power and disconnect the test
2. Loosen the set screw on the rear of the
3.
Tools: Phillips screwdriver
leads, AC adapter, and USB cable from the instrument.
See 2.2 "Turning Po wer On and Off" (page 50).
instrument and remove the battery cover.
Disconnect the plug of the battery pack from the connector of the instrument.
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To 9459
2.1 Supplying Power
4.
Connect the new battery pack to the instru­ment. (Align the protrusions.)
5. Place the battery pack in the battery
pack compartment.
6. Turn the battery selector switch to 9459.
When the power is turned on, “bP” appears on the top left of the screen.
See 2.2 "Turning Power On and Off" (page 50).
7. Place the battery cover and tighten the
screw.
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2.1 Supplying Power
1
2 Move the shutter.
3
4
45

2.1.3 Connecting the AC Adapter

• Optional AC adapter can be used.
• When the AC adapter is connected to the instrument, you can charge the battery pack, communicate with a PC, per­form temperature measurement, and edit the settings. However, you cannot measure insulation resistance, leak­age current or voltage.
1 2
Procedure
• Turn the instrument off before connect­ing the AC adapter to the instrument and to AC power.
• Use only the spe cified AC adapter. AC adapter input voltage range is 100 V to 240 V AC at 50 Hz/60 Hz. To avoid elec­trical hazards and damage to the instru­ment, do not apply voltage outside of this range.
• To avoid electrical accidents and to maintain the safety specifications of this instrument, connect the power cord provided only to an outlet.
The AC adapter cannot be used when performing measurement using instrument leads.
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2.1 Supplying Power
1. Insert the power cord into the AC
adapter.
2. Move the shutter of the instrument to
reveal the AC adapter terminal.
3. Insert the output cable of the AC adapter
into the AC adapter terminal.
4. Make sure that the commercial power
source voltage matches the rated supply voltage of the AC adapter. Insert the plug into the AC outlet.
When the AC adapter is connected to the instrument, power is supplied from the AC adapter. When both the battery and the AC adapter are con­nected to the instrument, the battery is not used. If the battery pack is installed, when the AC adapter is connected to the instrument, power of the instrument is automatically turned on and charging of the battery pack begins.
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2.1 Supplying Power
47
2.1.4
The 9459 BATTERY PACK can be charged while installed in the instrument, using the optional AC adapter. Short charge time: Approx. 3 hours (at 23°C room tempera­ture)

Charging the Battery Pack

• Carry out battery charging at an ambient
temperature between 0°C and 40°C. However, the ambient temperature may influence the charging efficiency. Outside this range, not only is the charging capacity reduced, but also there is a possibility of reduced performance or electrolyte leakage.
• The battery pack cannot be charged when
test leads are connected to the instrument.
• The battery pack will be charged regardless
of the battery selector switch position.
• Communication with a PC and temperature
measurement are available during charging. But, insulation resistance measurement and voltage measurement are not available.
• Only use the specified battery charger.
• Do not recharge a fully-charged battery
pack. If the battery pack is over-charged, a deterioration in performance or battery fluid leakage may result.
• During rapid charging, if the power supply
is suspended approximately for more than 100 msec, the battery status indicator may show full charge even though it is not. In that case, disconnect and then connect AC adapter before starting to charge again.
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Move the shutter.
1
2
3
Battery status indicator
Charging
2.1 Supplying Power
Procedure
1. Install the battery pack.
See 2.1.2 "Installing the Battery Pack
(Rechargeable nickel-hydrogen battery)" (page
39).
2. Move the shutter to reveal the AC
adapter terminal.
3. Connect the AC adapter to the AC
adapter terminal.
Rapid charging begins. During rapid charg­ing, the battery status indicator blinks.
See 2.1.3 "Connecting the AC Adapter" (page
45).
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2.1 Supplying Power
49
If the AC adapter is connected to the instrument when the instrument is off, the instrument is automatically turned on and rapid charging begins.
1
4. When rapid charging is completed, the
battery status indictor changes from blinking to continuously lit. After rapid charging finishes, the battery is trickle­charged (maintained in a fully-charged state).
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Indicates the position of the battery selector switch.
bP: Using the Model 9459 BATTERY PACK Lr6: Using the LR6 alkaline batteries
Version

2.2 Turning Power On and Off

2.2 Turning Power On and Off
Turning power On
Press and hold the key for around one second.
After all the screen indications light, the version and the position of the battery selector switch appear and then the instrument enters the standby state.
The instrument recalls the settings that were present before power was last turned off.
When the battery status indicator is low, re place th e battery.
See 2.1.1 "Installing or Replacing the Battery"
(page 36).
If the batteries or the battery pack is running
LObAt] is indicated. The instrument
low, [ turns off if use is continued.
Turing power off
Press the key.
The screen is switched off and power is turned off.
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2.2 Turning Power On and Off

2.2.1 Auto Power Off

51
• Power is automatically turned off around
10 minutes after the last operation. This function, however, is not available during insulation resistance measurement.
•[
APS] will start blinking around 30 sec-
onds before power is turned off.
• Auto power off is re-enabled upon turning
power on again. ([
• When the AC adapter is connected to the
instrument, auto power off is disabled.
• When the timer is set or when the instru-
ment is in the step voltage test mode, auto power off is disabled.
Canceling Auto Power Off
Turn on power while holding down the
key.
APS] lights up.)
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2.3 Setting and Checking Date and Time

2.3 Setting and Checking Date and Time
Set the time and date before use of the instrument. Use the Gregorian calendar.

2.3.1 Setting Date and Time

Procedure
1.
When the instrument is in a standby state, press the key. Year, month, and day
appear.
2. Hold down key for more than one
second. The Year starts blinking.
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2.3 Setting and Checking Date and Time
3. Pressing moves the blinking
cursor. Place the cursor at the digit, value, etc., you wish to change. Year, month, day, hour, and minutes can be changed.
The year-month-day screen and the hour­minute-second screen are switched to and from each other in the procedure below.
53
YEAR] is
DAY] is blink-
Year-month-day
Hour-minute-
second
• When year [ blinking, press the
key.
• When day [ ing, press the key.
1 2 3 4 5
h] is blink-
min] is
Hour-minute-
second
Year-month-day
• When hour [ ing, press the key.
• When minute [ blinking, press the
key.
4. Press to change the number.
Hold down for fast increase/decrease.
5. The entry is confirmed by pressing the
key, after which the display returns
to the standby screen. The clock starts to run from zero seconds
as soon as key is pressed.
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2.3 Setting and Checking Date and Time
Date and time can be set on a PC.
• The date and time can be set on a PC using the data analysis software for model 3455.
• The data analysis software for model 3455 must be installed on the PC.
Details See 6.4 "Communicating with PC"
(page 136).
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2.3 Setting and Checking Date and Time

2.3.2 Checking Date and Time

55
Procedure
1. When the instrument is in the standby
state, press the key. Year, month, and day appear.
2. Press the key.
Hours, minutes, and seconds appear.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3. Pressing key returns to the st and by
screen.
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2.4 Connecting Test Lead

2.4 Connecting Test Lead
• To avoid electrical accidents, remove power from the circuit before connect­ing the test leads.
• To avoid electric shock, never use the instrument if the shutter is broken.
Only use Hioki-specified test leads with the instrument. Safe measurement is not possible with other cords.
Test leads cannot be connected to the instrument if the AC adapter, a temperature sensor, or USB cable is connected.
Procedure
1. Connect the alligator clip to the end of
each test lead. Insert it fully.
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2.4 Connecting Test Lead
+ terminal
- terminal
GUARD terminal
Test lead (Red) Test lead (Black)
57
2. Move the shutter to reveal the + and -
terminals.
3. Connect the red test lead to the + terminal
and the black test lead to the - te rmina l. For insulation resistance measurement, connect the blue test lead to the GUARD terminal if necessary. Check that the test leads are fully inserted.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
GUARD terminal See 3.2.7 "Use of GUARD
Terminal" (page 77).
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Move the shutter.
Temperature sensor terminal

2.5 Connecting Temperature Sensor

2.5 Connecting Temperature Sensor
Temperature sensors may be damaged by high voltage or static electricity. Do not expose the temperature sensor to exce ssive impact, or allow the cable to be bent, since malfunction or faulty connection may result.
Temperature sensors cannot be used simultaneously with test leads.
Procedure
1. Move the shutter to reveal the temperature
sensor terminal.
2. Connect the temperature sensor to the
temperature sensor terminal. Temperature measurement begins auto­matically.
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3.1 Pre-Operation Inspection

Measurement 3

59
1
3.1 Pre-Operation Inspection
Before using the instrument, verify that it oper­ates normally to ensure that no damage occurred during storage or shipping. If you find any damage, contact your authorized Hioki dis­tributor or reseller.
Before using the instrument, make sure that the insulation on the test leads and cables is undamaged and that no bare conductors are improperly exposed. Using the product in such conditions could cause an electric shock, so contact your authorized Hioki distributor or reseller for replacements.
Make sure the terminals are clean and dry. Wipe with a dry cloth to remove any moisture, since measurement errors may result if moisture is present.
See 8.2 "Cleaning" (page 158).
Checking for damage
Confirm that the instrument chassis, shut­ter, test leads, and clips are not damaged.
Do not used if damaged.
Checking test voltage and resistance reading
Equipment
• 20 M resistor that provides a voltage of 5 kV
• High-voltage meter with an input resis­tance of 1,000 M or more, and capable of measuring up to 5.5 kV DC
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3.1 Pre-Operation Inspection
Inspection Procedure
1. Clip the resistor with the red and black
test leads connected to the instrument.
2. Also, clip the resistor with the test lead of
the high-voltage meter.
3. Set the test voltage of the instrument to
[5.00 kV].
See 3.2Measuring Insulation Resistance, Proce-
4. Hold down key for more than
one second to start insulation resistance measurement.
5.
Check to see if the reading of the high-volt­age meter is somewhere between 5 kV and
5.5 kV .
dure 5. (page 66) to (p age 66).
6. Check to see if the voltage reading of the
instrument is somewhere between 5 kV and 5.5 kV.
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3.1 Pre-Operation Inspection
Insulation resistance
Voltage
61
7. Check to see if the insulation resistance
reading of the instrument is 20 M.
1 2 3 4
8. Stop insulation resist ance m easurement.
See 3.2.2 "Ending Measurement" (page 70).
9. Short-circuit the tips of the clips of the
red and black test leads of the instru­ment.
10. Press the key to see if the test volt-
age setting is [5.00 kV].
11. Hold down the key for more than
one second to start insulation resistance measurement.
12. Check to see if the insulation resistance
reading of the instrument is 0.00 M. If a problem exists, discontinue use of the instrument.
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Shutter

3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance

3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance
Observe the following to avoid electric shock and short circuits.
A. Do not use the
instrument if the shutter is broken.
B. Check T able 1
before connecting test leads to the instrument.
C.
Check to see if the object under test is not live or electrically charged using a high-voltage detector or other similar instrument, before connecting test leads to it.
Table 1
Check item Result Action
Are the mark and key lamp off?
Off Connect test leads to the in-
strument and check C. above. If safe to proceed, connect the test leads to the object under test. Go to Table 2.
Blinking Press the key to stop
voltage generation.
Table 2
Check item Result Action
Are the mark and key lamp blinking?
Not blinking Measurement may be com-
menced
Blinking Immediately disconnect the
test leads from the object un­der test and turn off power to the object or discharge the electric charge using a dis­charge rod.
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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance
63
• When measuring insulation resistance, dangerous voltage is applied to the measurement terminals. To avoid elec­tric shock, do not touch the terminals and test leads.
• Do not touch the object under test or disconnect the test leads after measure­ment has been completed until the auto­matic discharge function is completed. Electric shock may result due to high voltage and stored charge.
See 3.2.4 "Automatic Discharge Function" (page
73).
• Power of the instrument may be turned off during measurement even if the
key is not pressed, for instance,
due to battery consumption. In such case, the automatic discharge function may not operate. Discharge the object under test using a discharge rod for high voltage.
1 2 3 4 5 6
• To avoid damage to objects under test, be
sure to check the test voltage before starting measurement.
• When repeating measurement, press the
key before next measurement to check
the test voltage.
• To avoid damage to the instrument during
discharge, do not measure the insulation resistance between the terminals of capacitors (with a capacit anc e of over 4 F).
• To avoid damage to the instrument, do not
short-circuit the tips of the clips of the red test lead (+ terminal) and the blue test lead (GUARD terminal).
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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance

3.2.1 Starting Measurement

Procedure
1. Connect the alligator clip to the end of
each test lead. Insert it fully.
2. Move the shutter to reveal the + and -
terminals.
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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance
GUARD terminal
Warning: Confirm that the power supply to the
object under test has been turned off.
Object to be measured (Ex.: Motor)
+ terminal
- terminal
Test lead (Red)
Attach to a metal chassis or a ground terminal.
Test lead (Black)
Attach to a metal part of the power supply terminal.
65
3. Connect the red test lead to the + terminal
and the black test lead to the - te rmina l. Connect the blue test lead to the GUARD terminal if necessary. Fully insert the test leads.
See 3.2.7 "Use of GUARD Terminal" (page 77 ).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4. Clip the alligator clip at the end of each
test lead to the object under test.
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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance
5. Press the key, after which the
voltage display starts blinking.
6. The test voltage is chosen from 250 V,
500 V, 1.00 kV, 2.50 kV, and 5.00 kV using the keys.
7. Pressing keys, you can make
fine adjustment of the test voltage setting.
For step voltage testing, hold down the
STEP]. For non-stepped insulation
[ resistance measurement, press the
key and choose a voltage.
key, which will display
8.
Press the key to set the test voltage.
The voltage indication will change from blinking to continuous. This test voltage is now set.
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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance
Actual output voltage
Blinking
>blinks if the input exceeds the measurement range.
Elapsed time Insulation resistance
9. Hold down the key for more than
67
one second. A voltage is generated and measurement begins.
The mark and key lamp starts blinking.
If > blinks, the input value is out of measurement range.
Example: > 10.0 T means "larger than 10.0 T."
• During mea suremen t, [ tion field and the indication changes from the se t voltage to the actual output voltage. A voltage approximat ely 5% higher than the set level is output.
• To view the set voltage during measurement, press the key. The set voltage is displayed for approximately 2 seconds.
• During me asurement, if the output voltage is lower tha n the set level, the voltage indication blinks.
• Under the resistance indication appears time elapsed from the start of measurement.
SET] is turned off in the voltage indica-
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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance
10. Read the indication.
• If the indication is unstable, press the
surements is shown.
See "Average function" (page 69).
• Resistance indication is switched to leakage current indication by pressing
the key.
See 3.2.5 "Switching to Leakage Current
Indication" (page 74).
• When the timer has been set, remain­ing time is displayed.
See 4.1 "Using Timer" (page 85).
Do not allow test leads to contact each other or place objects on test leads, to avoid mea­surement errors and malfunctions.
• Be sure to clean test leads after use. If test leads are soiled, they may deteriorate.
• Insulation resistance is unstable. The indication may not stabilize with some objects.
• Due to factors such as capacitance of objects under test, resistance values may start low, then rise grad ually and settle out.
• During measurement, if the resistance of the object suddenly drops or if the test lead tips are short-circuited, the instrument stops voltage generation as a safety measure. (This applies to a test voltage of 1.1 kV or more.)
key. The average of the mea-
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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance
69
The state not to be started the measure­ment
When the display reflects the following state, insulation resistance measurement cannot be started.
• The setting value is blinking to indicate that the instrument being set up
• The mark is blinking
•While [TC] is lit, the actual measurement temperature is shown as [- - -]
• An error massage is displayed
1 2 3
Average function
If the indication is unstable, the average of the measurement is shown.
Pressing the key toggles [AVE] on/ off.
While [AVE] is on, display update interval is four seconds, normally. But in the following case, the interval is one second even if [AVE] is on.
• During 15 seconds after the measure­ment started
• During 5 to 10 seconds after the mea­surement range changed
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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance

3.2.2 Ending Measurement

Procedure
1. Press the key with the test leads
connected to the object under test. The last measurement is held.
( lights up.)
2. Immediately after measurement has
been completed, the discharge circuit in the instrument automatically discharges the electric charge remaining in the object under test.
See 3.2.4 "Automatic Discharge Function" (page
73).
3. During discharge, the mark and
key lamp blinks.
The voltage indication shows the progress of discharge.
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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance
LastElapsed time of the
Actual output voltage (last measurement)
end of measurement measurement value
Check
71
4. When the voltage falls to about 10 V, the
instrument stops discharging and the
mark and key lamp are turned off.
• If the key is pressed during measurement, automatic discharge is
performed before power is turned off.
• If the battery runs low during measure­ment, the instrument automatically stops measurement. Automatic dis­charge is performed and then [LObAt] appears on the screen.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
5. To restart measurement, press the
key to check the set test voltage before resuming measurement.
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Checking Held Data
Insulation
resistance
Leakage
current
DAR 1 min/ 30 s
PI (10/1 min.)
DAR 1 min/15 s
Test voltage
(setting)
Actual output
voltage
Deleting Held Data
3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance

3.2.3 Checking and Deleting Held Data

The following data are held and displayed after insulation resistance measurement has been completed.
• Insulation resistance (digital value and bar graph)
• Test voltage
• Actual output voltage
• Leakage current
• Elapsed time
•DAR
•PI Some data may not be displayed. Press the keys shown in the table below to switch the indication.
Data indications to be switched Keys used
key
key
Elapsed time Temperature/humidity
(When the data are held)
key
The held data are cleared when power is turned off. To save the data, use the memory function.
See 5 "Recording Measurement Data (Memory
Function)" (page 105) .
To clear the data, press the key for more than one sec­ond.
Temperature/humidity data will not be cleared.
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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance

3.2.4 Automatic Discharge Function

73
• When insulation resistance with a capacitance component is measured, this component remains charged with a high-voltage equivalent to the test voltage, which is dan­gerous.
• This instrument automatically discharges remaining elec­tric charge using the internal circuit after measurement.
• Make sure that the test leads are connected to the measured
object when pressing the key to stop measure­ment.
• Discharging stops when the residual voltage falls below 10 V . The discharge time var ies depe nding on the cap aci t ance.
After the voltage has been decreased by the instrument’s automatic di scharge func­tion, the voltage in the measurement area may rise again due to the remaining charge in the capacitor C section 3.2.6. Take great care when touch­ing the object under test.
A shown in the diagram in
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During measurement
Blinking
Elapsed time
Actual output voltage
The bar graph shows the resistance measurement.
< blinks at below 1 nA.
Current measurement
3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance
3.2.5 Switching to Leakage Current Indi­cation
Insulation resistance indication may be switched to leakage current indication.
Before measuring insulation resistance and after setting test voltage
( indicator is off.)
Every time the key is pressed, the indication changes in the order: resistance
current PI resistance etc.
Measuring insulation resistance
Every time key is pressed, the indi­cation changes in the order: resistance
current resistance current etc.
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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance
75
Holding data after measurement
Every time key is pressed, the indi­cation changes in the order: resistance
current DAR 1 min/15s DAR 1 min/30s
PI resistance current etc.
PI/DAR See 4.2 "Displaying PI and DAR"
(page 89).
1 2
If the indication is unstable, press the key. The average of the measurements is shown. [< 1.00 nA] means "below 1.00 nA."

3.2.6 Insulation Resistance Mea surement Basis

When a high DC voltage is applied to an object under test, a leakage current flows. The insulation resistance instrument measures the applied voltage V and the combined leakage current I and then cal­culates the insulation resistance R.
Calculation formula R = V/I
C and IA gradually decrease after the volt-
I age is applied.
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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance
Reproducibility of insulation resistance measurement
When measuring the same object repeat­edly, the insulation resistance or leakage current indications may differ. This is caused by polarization*, which occurs when a volt­age is applied to an insulating material. An insulating material is represented by an equivalent circuit as shown by the diagram on the previous page. Absorption current due to relatively slow polarization is represented by I in the diagram above. It takes time for the polarization caused by the previous mea­surement disappear. Until it does, electric charge remains in C gram. The electric charge level in C at the start of previous measurement and at the start of next measurement and thus absorption current I combined leakage current and insulation resistance vary from measurement to mea­surement. This will be become more appar­ent for higher insulation resistance values.
To ensure reproducibility of measurement, leave a sufficient time interval between mea­surement sessions. Further, the ambient temperature and humidity should not vary.
A, as shown
A as shown in the dia-
A differs
A differs, too. Further, the
*Polarization: the phenomenon in which positive
and negative charges on the atoms of a material move in opposite direc­tions causing a shift of the center when an electric field is applied to the material.
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3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance
Metallic shielding layer
Bare conductor
Insulating material
Cable
Core
Current detector
Power supply

3.2.7 Use of GUARD Terminal

77
Measurement unaffected by surface electrical resistance
A GUARD terminal is used to prevent the surface electrical resistance of an insulating material affecting measurement, enabling correct measurement of the entire volume resistivity of the material.
When testing the insulation of a cable, as shown in the diagram above, wind a bare conductor around the surface of the insulat­ing material and connect the conductor to the GUARD terminal. This prevents the leakage current on the surface of the insu­lating material flowing into the current detector, which enables the actual resis­tance of the entire volume of the insulating material to be measured.
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Meter transformer
Disconnector
Load
Core
R
n
Rc
Rs
N
Remove
Grounding
P
Power supply
wire
Cable
Power supply side
side
wire
Metallic shielding layer of the cable
Current detector
GUARD
3.2 Measuring Insulation Resistance
Measurement using G (GUARD) terminal grounding
G terminal grounding is used for measuring the insulation resistance between the core and the metallic shielding layer of a high­voltage cable with the cable connected to other high-voltage equipment. The diagram below shows an example of measurement.
Rc: Insulation resistance of the insulating
material of the high-voltage cable (Between core and metallic shielding layer)
Rs: Insulation resistance of the sheath of
the high-voltage cable (Between metallic shielding layer and ground)
Rn: Insulation resistance between insulator
or high-voltage equipment and ground
Influence of Rs and Rn is removed and solely Rc is measured.
Reference
High-voltage power receiving
facility code
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3.3 Measuring Voltage

Do not clamp two lines.
Shutter
79
3.3 Measuring Voltage
The instrument measures the voltage of an external circuit, e.g., commercial power supply. AC and DC are distinguished automatically.
1
To prevent damage to the instrument and personal injury, observe the precautions below.
• Maximum rated voltage to ground: 1,000 V AC (CAT III), 600 V AC (CAT IV)
• Do not conduct measurement exceeding these voltages to ground.
• Maximum input voltage: 750 V AC, 1,000 V DC Do not conduct measurement exceeding this maximum input voltage.
• Maximum input frequency: 70 Hz Do not conduct measurement exceed­ing this maximum input frequency.
• Do not short-cir­cuit a line voltage applied with the tip of test lead.
• Do not use the instrument if the shutter is broken.
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+ terminal
- terminal
GUARD terminal
Test lead (Red) Test lead (Black)
3.3 Measuring Voltage
Procedure
1. Connect alligator clips to the ends of test
2. Move the shutter to reveal the + and -
3. Connect the red test lead to the + termi-
leads. Insert it fully.
terminals.
nal and the black test lead to the - termi­nal. Fully insert the test leads.
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3.3 Measuring Voltage
Measured voltage
Blinking
81
4. Clip the ends of the test lead s to the cir-
cuit to be tested. When the voltage exceeds 50 V, the mark and
1
key lamp blink.
5. Read the voltage indication.
The key is not used.
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Move the shutter.
Temperature sensor terminal

3.4 Measuring Temperature

3.4 Measuring Temperature

3.4.1 Measurement Procedure

Do not attempt to measure the tempera­ture of objects carrying a voltage. Doing so will result in a short-circuit accident or an electrocution accident.
Temperature sensors may be damaged by high voltage or static electricity. Do not expose the temperature sensor to excessive impact, or allow the cable to be bent, since malfunction or faulty connection may result.
Procedure
1. Move the shutter to reveal th e tempera-
ture sensor terminal.
2. Connect the temperature sensor to the
temperature sensor terminal.
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3.4 Measuring Temperature
After measuring temperature (When the resistance is not measured.)
Temperature measurement begins auto­matically.
3. Read the temperature indication.
83
1 2 3 4 5 6
4. Press key or disconnect the tem-
perature sensor to stop measurement.
lights up and the last mea-
surement is held.
Detailing the above displaySee 6.3.2 "Clearing
Indications of Temperature and Humidity Stored Data" (page 135).
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After measuring temperature (Disconnecting the temperature sensor, resistance value is held)
3.4 Measuring Temperature
• If temperature measurement is stopped using the key, measurement may be resumed by pressing
the key.
• When an insulation resistance measurement is held, if
the temperature sensor is disconnected, the tempera­ture indication switches to the elapsed time indica tion at the time of insulation resistance measurement. To dis­play the held temperature instead of the elapsed time,
press the key. (The tempe rature will bli nk.)
• Held measurement values are cleared when power is
turned off. To save the data, use the memory function.
See 5.1.1 "Manual Recording (Recording result of one mea-
surement session)" (page 107).
• Settings cannot be edited during temperature measure-
ment. To edit settings, stop temperature measurement.
•[OF] means exceeding 70.0°C.
[-OF] means below -10.0°C.
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Advanced

4.1 Using Timer

85
Measurement
4
4.1 Using Timer
What is it used for?
If the timer is set during insulation resistance measurement, the measurement automatically ends at the set time. Selectable time: 30 sec. to 30 min. (When setting over 1 minute, time increments or decrements in minutes.)

4.1.1 Setting Timer/Conducting Insulation Resistance Measurement

Procedure
Used to set the instrument to auto­matically stop at a specified time.
1. When the instrument is in a standby
state, press the key. The time indication will blink.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2. Press the key to set the time.
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4.1 Using Timer
3. Press the key to confirm the entry.
If the key is pressed without pressing the key, the instrument returns to a
standby state with the time unchanged. When the timer is successfully set, the
[TIMER] indicator lights.
4. Holding down the key for longer
than one second generates a test voltage, and measurement begins.
At the bottom of the screen, remaining time to completion of measurement is displayed.
5. After the set time has elapsed, the
instrument automatically stops measure­ment.
If the key is pressed, the instru­ment immediately stops measurement
regardless of the remaining time. Elapsed time at the completion of mea-
surement is displayed at the bottom of the screen.
When the timer is set, auto power off is disabled.
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Procedure
4.1 Using Timer
87
Timer not used
1. When the instrument is in a standby
state, press the key.
The time indication will blink.
1 2 3 4
2. Press the key to select - - min - - s.
- - min - - s is also selected by pressing the key.
3. Press the key to confirm the
entry. [TIMER] indicator is turned off.
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4.1 Using Timer
Procedure
Checking set time
1. When the instrument is in a standby
state, press the key.
The currently set time blinks. Check the time.
2. Press the or key to return to the
previous screen.
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4.2 Displaying PI and DAR

Resistance 10 min. after voltage application Resistance 1 min. after voltage application
Resistance 1 min. after voltage application Resistance 15 sec. after voltage application
Resistance 1 min. after voltage application Resistance 30 sec. after voltage application
4.2 Displaying PI and DAR
89
Used to check whether insulation re ­sistance increases with time after a
What is it used for?
• The instrument automatically calculates and displays PI
(polarization index) and DAR (dielectric absorption ratio), which are used as the criteria to determine the quality of insulation. Both measurements show a degree of change in insula­tion resistance with time after a test voltage is applied.
Appendix 3 "Example of PI Criteria (Polarization Index)" (page 166)
• PI and DAR are calculated using the formulae below from
resistance values measured twice after a voltage is applied. For PI, the measurement interval may be user­set.
See 6.1 "Changing and Checking In terval Settin g for PI Calcula tion"
(page 125).
PI 10/1min =
DAR 1min/15s =
DAR 1min/30s =
To determine DAR, press the key to turn off [
measurement.
voltage is applied. (When the PI value or the DAR val­ue is close to 1, the instrument de­termines that the insulation of the object under test is deteriorated.)
AVE] on the screen before starting
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4.2 Displaying PI and DAR
Procedure
1. Measure insulation resistan ce.
2. Stop measurement.
3. Press the key several times to
To determine PI, continue measurement for 10 minutes (for a default time setting). To determine DAR, continue measurement for one minute.
display PI, DAR 1 min/15 s, or DAR 1 min/30 s.
Every time the key is pressed the indication on the LCD changes in the
order of resistance min/15 s DAR 1 min/30 s PI resistance current , etc.
current DAR 1
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4.2 Displaying PI and DAR
DAR
PI
Resistance
Right: 1st measurement Left : 2nd measurement
Right: 1st Left : 2nd
1st : 1 min. 2nd : 10 min.
Measurement
Resistance
Right : 1st 30 G Left : 2nd 60 G
Substitute into the formula; PI 10/1min=Resistance 10
min. after voltage application divided by resistance 1 min. after voltage application.
PI in the example above is:
2.00=60.0 G / 30.0 G
Interval
Measurement Interval
91
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
• If measurement ends before the set time elapses, [
• When [TC] is on (temperature compensation mode), PI and DAR cannot be displayed.
• In the step voltage test mode, PI or DAR cannot be displayed.
- - - ] appears on the screen.
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4.2 Displaying PI and DAR
Blinking resistance indication on PI or DAR display screen
When the resistance indication blinks, the displayed reading may be incorrect. (Insu­lation resistance changed rapidly before end of set specified time, affecting mea­surement range so that the internal circuit failure to respond) When the resistance reading blinks, regard the PI or DAR value as a reference. Per­form measurement again.
The table below shows special indications for PI and DAR.
PI, DAR Conditions
• One or more resistance val­ues could not be acquired. ([- - -] appears in the resis­tance field.)
• One or more resistance val-
- - -
>999
<0.01
ues exceeded measure­ment range. ([
OF] appears in the resis-
tance field.)
• The 1st measurement was
0.00 M.
PI or DAR is larger than 999. PI or DAR is smaller than
0.01.
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4.3 Temperature Compensation (TC)

4.3 Temperature Compensation (TC)
Used to acquire insulation resis-
93
What is it used for?
• The instrument converts measured resistance to the resistance at a reference temperature and displays the result.
• There are 10 compensation methods (compensation tables) available depending on the object under test and its characteristics. Choose the appropriate temperature compensation table.
• The reference temperature may be set to an arbitrary level. The selectable reference temperature ranges vary depending on the compensation table used.
• The convertible measurement temperature ranges also vary depending on the compensation table used.
See Appendix 4 "Temperature Compensation Table" (page 167).
tance at a temperature differing from the actual temperature at which measurement is performed.
1 2 3 4 5 6
4.3.1 Performing Temperature Compensa-
tion
Procedure
1. Measure temperature and insulation
resistance. The measurements are held upon completion. (Either may be measured first.)
3.2 "Measuring Insulation Resistance" (page 62)
See 3.4 "Measuring Temperature" (page 82).
The temperature may also be entered with keys.
See 6.3 "Entering Temperature and Humidity
Measured with External Thermometer and Hygrometer" (page 131).
In the step voltage test mode ([STEP] is on), temperature compensation is unavailable. Exit the step voltage test mode.
See 4.4.3 "Exiting Step Voltage Test Mode"
(page 103).
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4.3 Temperature Compensation (TC)
2. Press the key.
[TABLE No.] blinks.
3. Choose a table No. from 0 to 9 using the
4. Press the key to confirm the
choice of table No. The reference temperature blinks.
key.
5. Adjust the reference temperature using
the key. If the keys are held down
simultaneously, the reference tempera­ture is returned to its default. (40°C for table 9 and 20°C for the rest.)
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4.3 Temperature Compensation (TC)
Bar graph (Value before compensation)
Digital value (Value after compensation)
Actual Measurement Temperature
Reference Temperatur e
95
6. Press the key to confirm the ref-
erence temperature. [TC] lights up and the instrument enters temperature compensation mode. The LCD displays the resistance at the reference temperature converted from the measurement.
1 2 3 4 5 6
The bar graph shows the value before com­pensation.
• If the resistance before compensation exceeds the measurement range, it cannot be converted and the LCD displays [
• After the instrument is placed in temperature compensation mode, measurement or input of temperature and measurement of insulation resistance may be conducted.
• However, if the instrument is placed in temperature compensation mode when
the temperature is not held ( is off), measure or enter temperature before measuring resistance. You cannot measure resistance first.
- - -].
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