Hewlett-Packard 2B, 1B, HP 71450B User Manual

Programmer's Guide

HP

Optical Spectrum

Analyzers

71450B/1B/2B

HP Part No. 70950-90050

Edition 1

Printed in USA June 1995

1400 Fountaingrove Parkway,

Santa Rosa, CA

95403-1799, USA

Notice.

The information contained in this document is subject to change

without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard

ackard

this

of

shall

material,

this

to

merchantability

be liable

not

damages

for

connection

in

including

tness

and

contained

errors

with

but

for

the

limited

not

particular

a

herein

furnishing,

the

,

to

purpose

incidental

for

or

performance

implied

Hewlett-P

.

warranties

consequential

or

use

or

,

material.

.

.S

U

the

Restricted

Rights

Government

Rights

the

of

252.227-7013

Commercial

agencies

other

Legend.

subject

is

echnical

T

in

DOD

for

Computer

.

Use

restrictions

to

Data

agencies

Software

duplication,

,

set

as

and Computer

subparagraphs

and

,

Restricted

or

forth

Software

Rights

disclosure

in

clause

by

subparagraph

at

and

FAR

at

(c)

clause

(c) (1)

(1)

(c)

ARS

DF

the

of

(2)

52.227-19

(ii)

for

c



Copyright Hewlett-P

ackard Company 1995

written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.

Start

here

Remote operation with HP 71450B/1B/2B

This introduction provides you with a quick overview of some basic concepts

you will need to successfully program the HP 71450B/1B/2B optical spectrum

analyzer (OSA). The OSA oers extensive remote programming capability

which includes the following features:



Setting measurement ranges



Querying values to the computer



Creating new functions

arrays

trace

Creating



Processing

ctivating new



A

Allowing



Placing



Monitoring



Finish

1.

programming

Read

2.

A.

OS

user-dened

information with

functions with

front-panel control

graphics and

instrument

introduction

reading

this

control

Chapter 1,

\Learning

variables

text on

operation

are covered

and

math and

move commands

front-panel keys

during remote

screen

the

returning

by

learn

and

this

in

the

Basics"

to

operation

a

what

manual.

connect

status

areas

the

to

byte

basic

of

computer

the computer

the

to

module

A

OS

The

described

as

Installation

in

and

should

HP

the

erication

V

arrive

installed

71450B/1B/2B

Manual

in

Optical

.

display

the

Spectrum

mainframe

Analyzer

3. Read the remaining chapters to learn specic details about remote

programming.

4. Chapter 7, \Language Reference" documents each OSA command in

alphabetical order.

Chapter

5.

programming

softkey

and

ables

8, \T

OSA.

the

cross-references

Charts"

contains

Functional

also

are

groups

provided.

additional

programming

of

information

to

with

iii

Computer Model in

Examples

The programming examples provided in this book used an HP 9000 Series 300

technical computer and the HP-BASIC language. However, you can use other

computers and languages with OSA commands and query data over HP-IB.

As an example, you could use an HP Vectra PC compatible computer.Simply

install an HP 82335A HP-IB Interface and Command Library card in the PC

and use a compatible language such as Microsoft QuickC.

Local and Remote

Control Indicators

Designing

Programs

Default HP-IB

Addresses

Whenever the analyzer is addressed via HP-IB, the

4

MENU

5

and

4

USER

5

keys

are disabled. The front-panel LEDs indicate the following:



RMT indicates remote HP-IB control.

.

HP-IB

LSN



TLK



SRQ



programs

A

OS

Except

.

keys

manual

Note

1.

Identify

2.

the

to

Charts

Incorporate

3.

indicates

for

operation.

order

the

which

functional

."

information

OS

the

composed

are

timing

design

o

T

keystrokes

of

commands

group

commands

the

received

sent

requesting

is

A

of

considerations

program,

a

correspond

tables

into

via

HP-IB

via

computer

commands

remote

,

perform

to

used

commands

of

output

to computer

correspond

that

operation

the

use

an OS

the

with

in

statements

.

attention.

front-panel

to

is very

similar

following procedure:

measurement.

A

Refer

8,

used.

ables

\T

keystrokes

Chapter

.

to

and

Typically, you will program the OSA using the factory default HP-IB addresses

provided in the following table. If you want to change these addresses,refer

to Chapter 1, \Learning the Basics."

iv

Addresses

HP-IB

Default

unit

MMS

Address

HP 70950B/1B/2B OSA module 23

HP 70004A Displa

y

4

CAUTION

N

I

N

R

A

W

Safety Notes

The following safety notes are used throughout this manual. Familiarize

yourself with each of the notes and its meaning before operating this

instrument.

The

caution

note denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which,

if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or

destruction of the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a

caution

note until

the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

procedure

attention

calls

and

It

adhered

or

warning

a

met.

product

The

,

to

note

marked

is

manual.

the

in

hazard.

denotes

not

.

are

Do

The

for

note

correctly

proceed

not

understood

fully

instruction

to

user

the

warning

G

The

which,

of

loss

if

life

conditions

Instruction

Manual

a

performed

beyond

symbol.

manual

the

to

refer

instructions

to a

could result

until the

this symbol

with

in injury

indicated

is

it

when

or

necessary

L

v

General Safety Considerations

WARNING

IN

RN

WA

N

O

I

T

U

A

C

Before this instrument is switched on

, make sure it has been properly

grounded through the protective conductor of the ac power cable to a

socket outlet provided with protective earth contact.

Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor, inside or

outside the instrument, or disconnection of the protective earth terminal

can result in personal injury.

of

the

damage

cause

by

only

circuitry

to

can,

require operation

performed

be

primary

its

sure

.

source

voltage

plugged

could

in.

power

cause

the

make

power

ac

correct

is

which

G

There

personal injury

are

.Be

points

many

Any adjustments

protective covers

instrument

trained

Before

been

has

ailure

F

instrument

the

with

service

instrument

this

adapted

set

to

personnel.

the

when

in

extremely careful.

or service

the

to

power

ac

the

procedures that

switched

is

voltage

input

power

ac

removed should

on,

the

of

to

cable

instrument

the

contacted,

if

vi

Certication

Hewlett-Packard Company certies that this product met its published

specications at the time of shipment from the factory.Hewlett-Packard

further certies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United

States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed

by the Institute's calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other

International Standards Organization members.

Regulatory Information

The specications and characteristics chapter contains regulatory information.

vii

Warranty

This Hewlett-Packard instrument product is warranted against defects in

material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment.

During the warranty period, Hewlett-Packard Company will, at its option,

either repair or replace products which prove to be defective.

For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service

facility designated by Hewlett-Packard. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges

to Hewlett-Packard and Hewlett-Packard shall pay shipping charges to return

duties

product

the

and taxes

.

Buyer

to

for products

However

,

returned to

Buyer

shall

Hewlett-Packard

pay

shipping

all

from

charges

another

,

country

.

,

Hewlett-Packard

Hewlett-P

instructions

does

rmware

Limit

The

or

ackard

when

warrant

not

be

will

of

tion

a

foregoing

inadequate

interfacing,

environmental

maintenance

or

NO

OTHER

W

warrants that

for use

with an

properly installed

the

that

uninterrupted

arranty

W

warranty

maintenance

unauthorized

specications

.

ARRANTY

its software

instrument

operation

error-free

or

not

shall

Buyer

by

modication

for

EXPRESSED

IS

on that

the

of

to

apply

Buyer-supplied

,

or

product,

the

OR

and rmware

execute

will

instrument.

instrument,

.

operation

,

improper

or

resulting

defects

misuse

IMPLIED

designated

programming

its

Hewlett-P

software

or

software

site

HEWLETT-P

.

by

ackard

or

,

improper

from

or

outside

preparation

A

of

CKARD

SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF

MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Exclusive Remedies

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE

ANY

HEWLETT-P

REMEDIES

DIRECT

AMA

D

.

INDIRECT

,

GES

WHETHER

LEGAL THEORY

,

.

CKARD

A

SPECIAL,

ASED

B

SHALL

INCIDENT

CONTRACT

ON

BE LIABLE

NOT

OR CONSEQUENTIAL

AL,

TORT

,

FOR

OTHER

ANY

OR

,

the

viii

Assistance

Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements

are available for Hewlett-Packard products.

For any assistance, contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service

Oce.

ix

Typesetting Conventions

4

Front-Panel Key

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Softkey

Screen Text

5

This represents a key physically located on the instrument.

This indicates a \softkey," a key whose label is determined

by the instrument's rmware.

This indicates text displayed on the instrument's screen.

x

Contents

1. Learning the Basics

Preparing the OSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To prepare the OSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tochange the HP-IB address using switches . . . . .

Tochange the HP-IB address from the front panel . . .

Beginning Your Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To initialize the bus and the OSA . . . . . . . . . .

Sending Commands

commands

send

o

T

Returning

o

T

Using

o

T

Using

trolling

Con

tering

En

o

T

trolling

Con

Making

Data

v

a

query

Commands

command

a

use

V

MO

the

Program

Data

fron

w

allo

Adv

anced

adv

. .

the

to

alue

.

Argumen

as

argumen

Command

Timing

the

from

t-panel

anced

measurements

.

. .

OSA

the

to

Computer

. .

.

ts

t

.

anel

P

t

ron

F

try

en

data

Measuremen

.

. .

.

. .

.

Programs

t

er

ov

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

HP-IB

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

1-4

1-7

1-8

1-9

1-10

1-11

.

1-13

.

. .

.

1-14

1-16

.

1-17

.

1-17

.

1-18

.

1-19

.

1-21

.

1-21

.

1-22

.

1-22

.

Traces

2.

Using

Dening

o

T

ariables

V

create

and

ariables

user-dened

a

. .

.

. .

.

ariable

v

.

To erase a user-dened variable . . . . . . . . . . .

Dening Traces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To create a user-dened trace . . . . . . . . . . . .

To erase a user-dened trace . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using Amplitude Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

the amplitude

select

o

T

measuremen

ert

v

con

o

T

To return w

Formatting T

avelength and p osition v

race-Data Output

Using Math and Mo

Trace Math Rule 1

Trace Math Rule 2

Trace Math Rule 3

units

t

ve Commands .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

and

parameter

units

alues .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . . .

2-4

.

. .

2-5

2-6

2-7

2-8

2-9

.

. .

.

2-9

.

. .

.

2-9

2-10

2-15

2-16

2-17

. . .

2-17

Contents-1

Trace Math Rule 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. Controlling Memory

Saving and Recalling Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To select user memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To catalog memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tosave a le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To recall a le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Erasing Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To erase les . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To erase all memory except correction factors and

serial-number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

y

. .

.

of in

.

. .

.

. .

.

ternal

memory

functions .

.

oerase

T

Protecting

protect

o

T

o

T

o

T

Memory

free

reduce

reeing

F

memory

all

Memory

les

greatest

the

from

.

size

for

. .

.

erasure .

. .

.

amount

user-dened

of

securit

. .

2-19

3-4

3-6

3-7

3-9

.

3-10

.

3-10

.

3-12

.

3-13

.

3-13

.

Monitoring

4.

Monitoring

terrupt

In

System

Pro

Analyzer Status-Byte

Service-Request Mask

Service-Request

Monitoring

Requests

Debugging Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To debug a program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Creating Graphics

Clearing the Display.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

the

clear

o

T

create

o

Graphics

a

Creating

T

Drawing Grids

wing Graphics Items

Dra

use a graphics item .

To

To delete a

Displaying T

To displaytext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contents-2

Operation

.

cess

Examples

System

.

displa

wing

dra

Op

.

y

.

eration

.

Op

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

Register

.

eration

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

Without Using

. .

.

. .

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

graphics item .

ext .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

Service

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

4-4

.

4-5

.

4-5

.

4-6

.

4-7

.

4-11

.

4-12

5-4

.

5-5

5-9

.

5-10

5-11

5-15

5-16

5-19

To erase text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Displaying Variables...... ...... ..... .. 5-20

To displayavariable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To erase displayed variables . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Changing the Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using Graphics Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To reduce the displayarea . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To create a graphics window . . . . . . . . . . . .

To place a trace in a window . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. Creating Downloadable Programs

Creating a Downloadable Program . . . . . . . . . . .

.

function

ostore

T

o

T

Creating

Branc

o

T

o

T

o

T

Executing

o

T

o

T

o

T

Building

To

Avoiding

Controlling Instruments Over HP-IB . . . . . . . . . .

Tocontrol instruments over HP-IB . . . . . . . . .

a

conrm

hing,

use

ab

assign

execute

assign

build in

a function

Activ

an

oping,

Lo

conditional

a

oping

lo

a

ops

lo

ort

User-Dened

function

a

function

a

function

a

USER

Illegal Recursion

Men

function

a

teractiv

and

.

is stored

User-Dened

e

Interrupting

and

branch

construct

user-dened functions

unctions

F

the

to

via

.

us

the

to

us

men

e

Function

. .

USER

computer

t-panel

fron

.

4

USER

.

. .

.

5

.

men

.

men

.

. .

.

u

.

eys

k

.

u

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

5-19

5-20

5-21

5-24

5-27

6-4

.

6-7

.

6-8

.

6-9

.

6-10

.

6-11

.

6-11

.

6-12

.

6-12

.

6-13

.

6-13

6-14

.

6-17

.

6-17

.

6-18

.

6-19

6-20

7. Language Reference

ABORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

ABS

.

. .

.

CTDEF

A

ARM

CTP

A

ADAPBTL .

ADAPBPCTL . . . . . . . .

ADBTL . . . . . . . . . .

ADCTL . . . . . . . . . . . .

ADCTRG . . . . . . . . . . . .

ADCTRGDLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. . . . .

.

. .

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

7-7

. .

.

Contents-3

7-9

7-11

.

7-17

7-18

7-20

7-22

7-24

7-26

7-29

ADCTRGSYN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ADD ......................... 7-32

ALIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ALIGNPRST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AMBMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AMBMCPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AMBPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AMCPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AMETER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AMPCOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

AMPMKR

AMPU

ANNOFF

ANNOT

.

APB

APBDCTL

UNITS

A

UTO

A

UTOMDB

A

UTOMEAS

A

UTOMMKR

A

UTOMOPT

A

UTOMSP

A

UTORNG

A

.

G

V

A

AXB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AXC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BLANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

BP

.

BTC

.

C

BX

CAL .

CALCOR . .

CALDATA .

CALPWR . . . . .

CALWL . . . . . .

CATALOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

ALIGN

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

7-31

7-34

7-37

7-38

7-39

7-40

7-41

7-43

7-44

7-45

7-46

7-48

.

7-49

7-53

.

7-54

.

7-55

7-56

.

7-58

.

7-60

.

7-61

.

7-62

.

7-63

.

7-64

.

7-65

.

7-66

.

7-67

.

7-69

7-70

7-71

7-73

7-74

7-75

.

7-76

.

7-77

.

7-78

7-80

7-82

7-84

7-86

7-88

Contents-4

CENTERWL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHEIGHT .. ...... ...... ...... ... 7-94

CHOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CLRDSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CLRW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

COMPRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CONCAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CONFIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CONTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CORSEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CORTOLIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

CWIDTH

DEBUG

DELETE

DFB .

DISPOSE

DISPU

.

DIV

.

DL

DONE

Y

DSPL

DSPMODE

DSPTEXT

WINDO

D

ENTER

ERASE

ERR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EXP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FETCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FFTKNL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ORMA

F

FP .

FP MKBW

FP TH .

.

FS .

FUNCDEF .

GATESWP .

GRAPH . . . . . . .

GRAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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W

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

7-92

7-95

7-96

7-97

7-98

7-99

7-101

7-103

7-104

7-105

7-106

7-107

7-108

7-110

7-111

7-113

7-116

7-117

7-119

7-121

7-122

7-124

7-126

7-128

7-131

7-133

7-134

7-135

7-137

7-138

7-143

7-144

7-145

7-147

7-148

7-149

7-150

7-153

7-155

7-157

Contents-5

GRATORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

GRATSCRL....................... 7-160

GRID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

HD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IF/THEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IGEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IGENDTYCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IGENLIMIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IGENPW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INSTMODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

IP

. .

.

. .

IT

.

IWINDO

KEYCLR

KEYDEF

KEYPST

LED .

LG

LIGHT

LIMIAMP

LIMIBEEP

LIMIBOT

LIMIDEL

LIMIDONE

LIMIEDIT

LIMIFAIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LIMIHALF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LIMILINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LIMINEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LIMIRCL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LIMIREL

LIMISA

LIMISCRL

LIMISDEL .

LIMISEG . .

LIMITEST .

LIMITYPE .

LIMIWL .

LIMTOCOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W

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V

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.

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.

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.

7-158

7-161

7-163

7-164

7-165

7-167

7-169

7-171

7-173

7-175

7-178

7-180

7-183

7-186

7-187

7-188

7-192

7-193

7-195

7-196

7-197

7-198

7-199

7-200

7-201

7-202

7-203

7-205

7-206

7-208

7-209

7-210

7-211

7-212

7-213

7-214

7-216

7-219

7-221

7-223

Contents-6

LINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LINET...... ..... ...... ...... .. 7-225

LN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LOAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MEAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MEASU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MEASURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MINH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

MK

. .

.

MKA

MKAL

MKAR

MKBW

MK

MKD

MKDREF

MKDREFF

MKMIN

MKN

MKNOISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MKOFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MKP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MKPABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MKPAUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MKPITX

MKPK

MKPX

MKREAD .

MKRL .

MKSP .

MKSS . . . . .

MKSTOP . . . . . . .

MKT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

CT

.

A

CONT

CWL

.

CT?

A

.

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.

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.

A

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

7-224

7-226

7-227

7-230

7-232

7-235

7-237

7-243

7-245

7-247

7-249

7-250

7-252

7-254

7-256

7-258

7-260

7-262

7-264

7-265

7-266

7-268

7-269

7-271

7-273

7-274

7-276

7-278

7-279

7-281

7-283

7-285

7-287

7-289

7-291

7-293

7-294

7-295

7-296

7-297

Contents-7

MKTRACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MKTRACK ........ ...... ...... ... 7-300

MKTUNE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MKTV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MKTYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MKWL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MODADD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MODID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MOV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MSG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

MSI

. .

.

A

W

TE

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W

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.

MXM

MXMH

NORM

NST

ONEOS

ONMENU

ONMKR

ONUSER

ONWINDO

OP

OPTSW

OR

OUTPUT

VR

O

PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PAUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PDA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PDLCALC

PDLDEV

PDL DEV?

PDLEXIT .

PDLINIT . .

PDLREV . . . .

PDL REV? .

PDLSCALE . . . . . . .

PDLSRC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

7-299

7-301

7-303

7-305

7-307

7-309

7-311

7-313

7-316

7-318

7-320

7-322

7-324

7-326

7-327

7-329

7-331

7-333

7-335

7-337

7-339

7-341

7-342

7-343

7-345

7-348

7-349

7-351

7-352

7-353

7-356

7-358

7-359

7-360

7-361

7-362

7-363

7-364

7-365

7-367

Contents-8

PDL SRC? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PDMEAS........................ 7-370

PDWL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PEAKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PERASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PERSIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PLOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

POSU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

POWERON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PREFX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

OTECT

PR

ATE

PST

.

PU

GE

PUR

PWRBW

.

RB

.

RBR

CLD

R

CLS

R

T

CL

R

CLU

R

READMENU

RELHPIB

REPEA

RETURN

REV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RLPOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ROFFSET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

QS

R

VED

SA

VES

SA

SAVET

SAVEU .

SCALE . . . .

SENS . . . . .

SER .

SMOOTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

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.

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.

UNTIL

T/

.

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. .

.

7-369

7-372

7-374

7-378

7-380

7-382

7-383

7-385

7-389

7-390

7-392

7-394

7-398

7-399

7-400

7-401

7-405

7-407

7-408

7-410

7-411

7-412

7-413

7-415

7-416

7-418

7-420

7-421

7-423

7-424

7-426

7-427

7-429

7-431

7-433

7-434

7-435

7-438

7-440

7-441

Contents-9

SNGLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SP ...... ...... ...... ...... .. 7-444

SQR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SRINPUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SRQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

STARTUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

STARTWL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

STB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

STDEV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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V

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. .

.

. .

.

. .

STOPWL

STOR

STORREF

.

SUB

.

SUM

SUMSQR

SWEEP

SWPMODE?

.

TDF

TEST

TEXT

.

TH

THREED

THREEDH

THREED

TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TITLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TRA/TRB/TRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

COND

TR

TRDEF

TRDSP

TRNSZLOCK .

TRPST . .

TRSTAT.

TS . . . . .

TWNDOW.

USERERR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

7-443

7-446

7-448

7-449

7-451

7-453

7-455

7-457

7-459

7-460

7-462

7-464

7-466

7-469

7-470

7-472

7-474

7-476

7-477

7-478

7-481

7-482

7-484

7-486

7-488

7-490

7-492

7-493

7-495

7-497

7-499

7-503

7-506

7-508

7-509

7-510

7-511

7-513

7-514

7-517

Contents-10

USERKEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

USERLOCK ...................... 7-520

USERMSG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

USERWARN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

USTATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VARDEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VARIANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VAVG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VTDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

VTL

. .

.

. .

VW

. .

.

AIT

W

.

O

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.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

. .

.

ARN?

W

ARNCTRL

W

WLLIMIT

WLMKRL

WLMKRR

WLOFFSET

WLUNITS

XAMPSW

CH

X

XERR

ARN

XW

ZER

ZOOMRB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.

. .

.

7-518

7-521

7-522

7-524

7-526

7-528

7-530

7-532

7-534

7-535

7-537

7-539

7-541

7-542

7-543

7-545

7-546

7-547

7-548

7-549

7-551

7-555

7-556

7-558

7-559

7-561

7-562

8. Tables and Charts

Index

Contents-11

Contents

1

Learning

the

Basics

Learning the Basics

This chapter contains basic, remote program information, for the operation of

an optical spectrum analyzer. In addition to learning how to send commands

and receive data, you can learn about a debugging feature for locating

programming errors.

1-2

Contents

Learning the Basics

Preparing the OSA

To prepare the OSA

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::

::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::

To change the HP-IB address using switches

To change the HP-IB address from the front panel

Beginning Your Program

To initialize the bus and the OSA

Sending Commands

To send commands to the OSA

Returning Data to the Computer

To query a value

Commands

Using

use

o

T

the MO

Using

Controlling

T

o

Data

allow

Entering

Controlling

Making

a

advanced

as

command

Command

V

Program

from

front-panel

dvanced

A

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :

::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::

::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::::

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::::

::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::::

:

anel

P

entry

:

Programs

over

:

::

:

::

:

HP-IB

::

:

Arguments

argument

Timing

Front

the

data

Measurement

measurements

:::::::::::::::::::::::::

:::::::::::::::::::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

1-4

1-7

1-8

1-9

1-10

1-11

1-13

1-14

1-16

1-17

:

1-17

::

:

1-18

::

1-19

:

1-21

:

1-21

:

1-22

:

1-22

:

1-3

Preparing the OSA

When preparing the OSA for programming, you must connect the HP-IB

cables, conrm the HP-IB address, and reset all instruments connected to the

bus.

Typically, you will use the default address setting provided in the introduction

of this book. However, the OSA's HP-IB address can be changed using

front-panel keys or manually by changing SWITCHESnMEMORY on the HP

70950B/1B/2B module. The switches are located on the module cover.

illustration below

In the

half-white (on

position).

, the

rectangles

half-black

are

(o

position)

and

1-4

Learning the Basics

Preparing the OSA

OSA Address Switches

In this gure, switches

numbers

switches

control.

HP-IB

The

COLUMN

which

for

position

optical

the

switches select the HP-IB address and correspond

ROW 1,ROW 2

module

the

spectrum

module

,and

ROW 3

vertically

address must

column-address numbers on the address map

numbers in parentheses

switches. The column or

parentheses beside each switch that is

which indicate the binary value of the individual

row address is the sum of the values in the

set to 1. F

correspond to row-address

.

be

set

map

to

0

in the

address

to the

. Next to each switch

or example

, a column

The

to

are

row

allow

1-5

Learning the Basics

Preparing the OSA

address of 23 is selected by setting column switches 1, 2, 3, and 5 to 1, and

setting column switch 4 to 0. (23 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 0 + 16.)

Illegal Addresses

HP-IB address 31 and HP-MSIB address 0, 31 are illegal and cannot be used.

following

the

Set the

list:

following OS

:

::

HP-IB

SWITCHES/MEMORY

MASTER/SLA

NORMAL/TEST

:

VE

Amodule

:

switches

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

to

:

::

:

settings

the

shown

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

in

:

::

:

MEMORY

:

MASTER

:

NORMAL

:

ON

the

On

STEM

SY

ALK

T

TEST

a

or

F

Optical

1-6

display

CONTROLLER

Y

ONL

MODE

complete

Spectrum

mainframe

:

discussion

Analyzer

module

or

:

switch

of

Installation

:

::

:

::

:

,

::

:

::

settings

three

:

and

switches

:

,

V

:

to

refer

erication

should

:

::

:

the

Manual

set

be

:

::

:

::

71450B/1B/2B

HP

.

as follows:

(OFF)

0

:

(OFF)

0

:

(OFF)

0

:

Learning the Basics

Preparing the OSA

To prepare the OSA

1. Connect an HP-IB cable between the computer's HP-IB connector and the

HP-IB connector on the HP 70000 modular measurement system's rear

panel.

HP 70950B/1B/2B OSA modules do not have an HP-IB connector.

Use the connector that is located on the mainframe in which the module

is installed. Be careful not to confuse the display or mainframe's HP-IB

connector with any connectors that may be present on the rear panel of

2.

3.

On

Turn

map

any modules

press

A,

OS

the

front-panel

the

.

in the

4

DISPLA

HP

knob

70000

and

,

5

Y

until

modular

then

OS

the

measurement

N

press

Address

module

A

N

NN

N

appears

system.

N

.

Map

the

in

address

The

module

Ensure

4.

70205

HP

Reset all

5.

and

Most

key

on, to reset it.

HP-IB

is

that

or

instruments

on

then

peripherals

you

If

.

address

listed.

SYSTEM

the

70206

HP

again.

are

identical

is

The

display

connected

plotters

like

not sure

to

be

must

A

OS

CONTROLLER

modules)

to

printers are

or

how to

reset a

the

address

shown

switch

is

bus

device,

set

by

map

row

in

the

on

0

to

turning

reset by

0

HP

(OFF).

cycle

column

the

of

70004A

the

pressing a

power

its

where

map

line

.

display

power

reset

o,

the

(or

o

then

1-7

Learning the Basics

Preparing the OSA

To change the HP-IB address using switches

The HP-IB address is forced to the switch address setting when the OSA

module SWITCHES/MEMORY selector is set to SWITCHES.

NOTE

The SWITCHES setting must be selected. The MEMORY setting is the factory default setting.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Turn

mainframe

the

Locate

the

Set

sure

Be

line-power

any

o

.

switches

the

SWITCHES/MEMORY

three

the

,

the

on

switches

(OFF).

5.

Set

the

F

ve

the

numbers

example

or

COLUMN

in

,

switches

parenthesis)

the switches

to set

1, 2, 3, and COLUMN 5 to 1 (ON).

and

top

labeled

remove

the

of

selector

so that

add up

HP

the

module

the

to

RO

1,

W

RO

their added

to the

HP-IB value

for address

70950B/1B/2B

.

SWITCHES

and

2,

W

values

that you

23, set

switches

module

position.

3

W

RO

indicated

(as

from

set

are

want.

COLUMN

to

0

by

1-8

Learning the Basics

Preparing the OSA

To change the HP-IB address from the front panel

The HP-IB address can be changed at the front panel when the OSA module's

SWITCHES/MEMORY switch is set to MEM. (This is the default factory

setting.)

1.

Press

4

DISPLAY

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

5

,

Address Map

.

2. With the front-panel knob, position the box around the OSA module, then

3. Enter

The

address

the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

press

HP-IB ADDRSET

HP-IB

the

NN

N

ENTER

.

current HP-IB

map.

HP-MSIB

address

Changing

of

the

.

using

shown

is

HP-IB

module

front-panel

the

inside

address

.

the

from

numeric

A

OS

the

keypad,

module

box

front-panel

on

does

then

the

not

press

aect

1-9

Beginning Your Program

Programs should begin with system-level and OSA commands that initialize

the system. Three such commands are discussed here: CLEAR, IP, and

CLRDSP.

The CLEAR command is an HP BASIC command that resets a device on HP-IB

to a known state. As an example, CLEAR 723 clears the device (the OSAin

this case) at address 23 on interface 7. CLEAR erases the OSA's input buer,

interrupts most incomplete operations, and prepares the OSA to receive

instructions

The instrument-preset

to a

OSA

processes

information

.

known state

Refer to

.

the IP

on

command, IP

and provides

Chapter

IP in

command.

,sets

good

a

\Language

7,

all of

starting

analog

the

point

Reference"

parameters

measurement

all

for

complete

for

of

the

CLRDSP

The

CLRDSP

graphics

Graphics

graphic

command

erases

also

execute

gives

,

more

window

,"

presentations

clears

stored

graphics

CLRDSP

information

.

graphics

any

from

discriminately

about

from

memory

,

.

initializing

such

Chapter

the

display

the

To initialize the bus and the OSA



Place the following commands at the start of your program.

10 CLEAR 723

20 OUTPUT

OUTPUT

30

723;"IP;"

723;"CLRDSP;"

Initialize the bus.

OS

Initialize

Clears any

the

user

A.

graphics

.

screen.

item

an

as

\Creating

5,

analyzer

Because

or a

display

for

1-10

Sending Commands

The commands listed in Chapter 7 are sent to the OSA as ASCII strings.The

method used depends on the programming language and environment. The

examples in this book use the HP-BASIC language with an HP 9000 Series 300

technical computer. Using HP-BASIC, the following example shows an output

statement to send a command to the OSA:

10 OUTPUT 723;"CENTERWL 1300NM;"

Set the center wavelength.

Be sure to place a semicolon between commands and at the end of any

command

string.

ectra

V

HP

an

Using

programming

(and

in

IOOUTPUTS(723L,"CENTERWL

by

a

commands

units

analyzer

Most

followed

computer

the

),

C

rst

and

code

HP-IB

the

with

command

same

1300NM;",15);

function,

activate

a

a command

Interface

could

then

terminator:

be

and

sent

enter

Command

follows:

as

a

Library

number

The number within the quote eld must be a string of decimal numbers plus

an optional decimal point and may be preceded by a minus or plus sign.

Either xed- or oating-point notation may be used. F

\1.23E4", and \12300" each enter the same number

data entry

.

. A

or example

units code follows a

, \12.3E3",

1-11

Learning the Basics

Sending Commands

Wavelength

Time

Current

Measurements

Ratio

ower

P

Decibels

relative

Units Codes

units.

to

Units Code

Meters M

Millimeters MM

Micrometer UM

Nanometer NM

Angstrom ANG

Picometer PM

Second S

Millisecond MS

Microsecond US

Ampere A

Milliampere MA

Microampere UA

Decibel DB

att

W

Milliwatt MW

Microwatt UW

Nanowatt NW

Picowatt PW

(dBm)

Milliwatt

1

DBM

1-12

Learning the Basics

Sending Commands

To send commands to the OSA

1. Locate the appropriate commands in Chapter 7.

2. Construct a ASCII string of the commands, placing a semicolon between

each command in the string.

3. Use your programming language's output statement to send the command

string to the address of the OSA.

1-13

Returning Data to the Computer

Data is requested from the OSA using a query. Queries usually take the

form of a command with the question-mark character.For example,

CENTERWL?

requests the OSA's center wavelength setting. The syntax

diagrams in Chapter 7 document available command queries. Most command

queries and variable queries are normally sent in the form of ASCII strings.

However, binary query results are returned for some commands. It is your

responsibility to allocate memory for returned values in your application.

the

or

in

level

the

returns

A

OS

The

following table

(RL) for

amplitude

some functions

units

information

. Units

(MKREAD,

decimal

as

are determined

, such

as the

AUNITS).

values

by the

marker

settings

the

,

in

scale

the

units

of

(LN,

the

LG),

shown

reference

Units

Fundamental

Unit

Measured

Parameter

Data

Current Ampere

y

Frequenc

ower

P

Hertz

dBm

Ratio dB

Time Second

avelength

W

Meters

Trace information that has been manipulated with math and move

commands, or has been formatted with the MDS (measurement data size) or

TDF (trace data format) command may be returned in other units. Refer to

Chapter

Trace

the use of markers

commands. The next example marks trace

wavelength and amplitude values at the marker

executed, a value must be stored in the computer

2.

information

either

,

dierent

returned

is

directly as trace data with the TRA, TRB

,or

two

ways

A with a marker and returns the

. Note

.

indirectly with

, or TRC

that for every query

1-14

Learning the Basics

Returning Data to the Computer

10 CLEAR 723

20 OUTPUT 723;"IP;SNGLS;TS;"

30 OUTPUT 723;"CENTERWL 1300NM;SPANWL 10NM;RL -5DBM;"

40 OUTPUT 723;"TS;"

50 OUTPUT 723;"MKPK HI;"

60 OUTPUT 723;"MKWL?;"

70 ENTER 723;W

80 OUTPUT 723;"MKA?;"

90 ENTER 723;A

100 W=W/1.E09

110 PRINT W,A

To return the amplitude of the 400th element of trace A, you would send the

following:

OUTPUT

40

OUTPUT 723;"TRA[400]?;"

50

ENTER

60

PRINT

70

723;"SNGLS;TS;;"

723;N

N

return

o

T

the

amplitude

of

A

Print

elements

all

ssign

commands:

30

40

60

70

Array

DIM

OUTPUT

ENTER

(1:800)

723;"SNGLS;TS;;"

723;"TRA?;

723;Array(*)

Declare

eturn

R

Store

Initialize analyzer.

Set measurement range.

Sweep trace A.

Mark highest signal level.

Return wavelength at marker.

Assign wavelength to computer variable.

Return amplitude at marker.

Assign amplitude to computer variable.

Convert wavelength from meters to nanometers.

Print values.

amplitude

.

value

in

computer

amplitude

trace

computer

to

A

array

points

of

values

send

for

variable

the

storage

trace

in

.

following

800

of

A.

a computer

values

array.

.

The

Data

data

FETCH

is

transfer

command

returned

and

in

processing.

returning trace data.

returns

binary

while

Refer

the

trace

sweep

to

data

progresses

Chapter

the currently

for

more

for

2

Use

.

information

active trace

FETCH

to

.

speed

on

1-15

Learning the Basics

Returning Data to the Computer

To query a value

1. Allocate a variable to hold the data returned by the query.

2. Use an output statement to send the query to the OSA.

3. Enter the returned data to the variable.

For example, to return the sensitivity setting, send

OUTPUT 723;"SENS?";"

ENTER 723;S

Send the sensitivity query string.

Assign value to computer variable.

SENS?

.

1-16

Using Commands as Arguments

Some OSA commands accept other commands as arguments. The following

example shows the MKA command used as an argument for the MOV

command.

10 OUTPUT 723;"MOV DL,MKA;"

The value of the command MKA is returned as input to the calling command,

MOV. Commands that accept command arguments have syntax diagrams

that show

using

value

example

or

F

returns

not follow

Do

example shown

the

predened variable

the

termination

predened function

command

a

the

sure

Be

.

TRA

the

,

the ftieth

the

character.

argument,

an

as

returned

value

command

element.

argument

above

DL.

,

The

as an argument. Refer to Chapter 7. When

similar

is

the

for

a

in

termination

or

terminated

not

calling

, but

trace

amplitude

MO

the

command

the

,

Notice

ending

the

is

returns

V

MO

that

semicolon

returned

value

appropriate

the

all

?

a

with

MKA

the

is

moves

terminates

data

marker

query

the

to

command.

TRA[50]

character

value

?

a

with

command.

V

In

.

into

or

command argument

a

use

o

T



The calling command must list

predened function

in its syntax diagram

for the argument.



Do not follow the argument command with a?or termination character.

1-17

Using the MOV Command

It is recommended that the MOV command be used to execute all

programming commands that load variables. Using the MOV command is

faster and avoids displaying text on the analyzer screen. For example, send

the following to set the reference level to010 dBm:

OUTPUT 723;"MOV RL,010DBM;"

1-18

Controlling Program Timing

Most remote controlled measurements require control of the sweep.TheTS

(take sweep) command initiates a sweep when the trigger conditions are met.

When TS is executed as part of a command sequence, the analyzer starts and

completes one full sweep before the next analyzer command is executed. Use

the SNGLS (single sweep) command to maintain absolute control over the

sweep and to reduce execution time. Once SNGLS activates the single-sweep

mode, TS can be used to initiate a sweep only when necessary.

remote

many

Since

information with

TS becomes

measurement range

input signals

settings

to

commands

When

the

range

command in

or

computer or

the

developing

N

NN

N

SINGLE

.

trace

The

.

OUTPUT

20

OUTPUT

30

OUTPUT

40

.

N

NN

N

SWEEP

following

The

data

trace

40

line

723;"IP;SNGLS;TS;"

723;"CENTERWL

723;"TS;"

commands

changes.

change,

processed by

measurement

N

key

simulate

to

examples

updated

not

is

executed.

is

1300NM;SPANWL

information,

process

trace

important whenever

the

with

the

trace

Use TS

but

other

algorithms

to update

before

commands

eect of

the

demonstrates

settings

the

with

10NM;"

the input

trace

information

trace

like

,

front-panel

the

TS

the

changing

in

ctivate

A

Change

Measure

updating

after

command

the

line

single

measurement

with

trace

or

signal

analyzer

the

returned

is

marker

or

math

controls

updating

measurement

the TS

until

30

.

sweep

range.

A.

trace

Note that SNGLS cannot be substituted successfully for TS in all analyzer

programs. In the following program, TS is executed

changed, but

for TS, SNGLS would initiate a sweep,but

before

trace information is processed. If SNGLS were substituted

MKPK HI

after

analyzer settings are

would be executed before

the completion of the sweep.

30

OUTPUT

723;"CENTERWL

1300NM;SPANWL

40

OUTPUT

723;"TS;"

50 OUTPUT 723;"MKPK HI;"

10NM;"

Change

Update

measurement

.

trace

Place marker on highest signal

range

level.

There are two commands that change the

measurement range indirectly

MKCWL and MKRL. They set the center wavelength and reference level

equal to

the marker wavelength and amplitude

, respectively

. If valid

,

use

.

1-19

Learning the Basics

Controlling Program Timing

trace information is needed, a TS command must be executed after these

commands are executed. In all cases, executing TS invokes at least one entire

sweep.However, TS invokes more than one sweep when certain commands

are active, such as video averaging (VAVG) or marker tracking (MKTRACK).

Program timing can also be controlled with the RQS, DONE, and WAIT

commands. The RQS command interrupts the computer operation when

the analyzer has attained a predened state. The DONE command allows

the program to hold o the execution of subsequent commands until the

OSA returns a \1" in response to the query. The WAIT command suspends

program operation for a specied time.TS,RQS, and DONE are used often

to synchronize data acquisition or the analyzer state with other events.The

command,

AIT

W

program.

the

duration

you

give

on

program

The

of displayed

observe

to

time

other

the

messages

events

hand,

examples

use

or

,

on

is

the

used

this

in

AIT

W

display

improve

to

manual

delay

to

.

human

W

use

program

AIT

interface

control the

to

execution

with

to

1-20

Entering Data from the Front Panel

Data may be entered from the front panel when the OSA is under remote

control by using theEP(enable) argument with a command. EP halts

execution of analyzer commands so that values may be entered with the

front-panel numeric keypad, step keys, knob, and unit-code keys. Data may

be entered from the front-panel until the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ACCEPT VALUE

key is pressed. The

syntax diagrams in Chapter 7 provide the commands that can be followed by

EP.

allow front-panel

o

T

argument with

EP

the

Use



OUTPUT 723;"LG

40

50

OUTPUT

723;"LG

20DB;"

EP;"

data entry

compatible

a

log

the

Set

Change

a

the

number,

command.

20

to

scale

with

scale

log

press

then

dB/division.

front-panel

the

F

ACCEPT

VALUE

Enter

.

keys

F

FF

F

1-21

Controlling Advanced Measurement Programs

NNNNNNNN

The

FP

,

NNNNNNNNNNN

DFB

,and

NNNNNNNNNNN

LED

measurement keys available under the

4

USER

5

menu activate advanced measurement routines.You can also make these

measurements over HP-IB. Refer to Chapter 7, \Language Reference" for

more information about the following advanced measurement program

commands:



\FP " for characterizing a Fabry-Perot laser source.



\DFB " for characterizing a distributed feedback laser source.

guide

Chapter

in

.

needed.

as

manually

,

7,

\LED"for



how

learn

o

T

Chapter

to

refer

Making

advanced

make

o

T

Connect the

Follow

the instructions

characterizing

measure

to

\Measuring

3,

advanced

measurements

source

laser

light-emitting

a

characteristics

the

Signals"

in

measurements

HP-IB

over

A.

OS

the

to

refer

or

,

below

diode

of these

the

connect

,

commands

the

laser source

laser sources

users'

A

OS

over

HP-IB

\Language Reference", of this manual:

1. To measure a Fabry-Perot source and obtain measurement data, enter the

following command lines:

30 OUTPUT 723;"AUTOMEAS;"

40 OUTPUT 723;"FP_;"

OUTPUT

50

o measure a distributed feedback laser source and obtain measurement

2. T

723;"FP_

?;"

Locate and display the output of the laser source.

Measure the output of the Fabry-Perot source.

charac-

the FP

return

the

Query

terization

instrument

data.

and

data, enter the following command lines:

30 OUTPUT 723;"AUTOMEAS;"

40 OUTPUT 723;"DFB_;"

50 OUTPUT 723;"DFB_ ?;"

Locate and display the output of the laser source

Measure the output of the laser source

.

Return the measurement data.

,

.

1-22

Learning the Basics

3. To measure an LED laser source and obtain measurement data, enter the

following command lines:

30 OUTPUT 723;"AUTOMEAS;"

40 OUTPUT 723;"LED_;"

50 OUTPUT 723;"LED_ ?;"

4. To set the right and left power integration points on a signal, enter the

following command lines:

10 OUTPUT 723;"CENTERWL 900NM;"

20 OUTPUT 723;"TS;"

30 OUTPUT 723;"AMPMKR010,dB;"

Locate and display the output of the laser source.

Measure the output of the LED source.

Return the measurement data.

Set the center wavelength to 900 nm.

Update the current trace.

Set the right and left power integration

points010 dB from the peak.

1-23

Learning the Basics

2

Using

ariables

V

and

Traces

Using Variables and Traces

This chapter can help you learn to create variables and process both

predened and user-dened trace arrays.



Predened traces, for example trace A, exist permanently in reserved

memory.



User-dened variables and trace arrays are created by the user, given

preset values, and stored in internal memory. User-dened variables and

trace arrays remain in internal memory, even when power is turned o.

Reserved

creating

When

(as

words

dening

addition,

In

reserved

Words

listed

process

an

words

user-dened

Chapter

in

can

and

names

y

the

until

variables

8,

disrupt

created

are

y

ables

\T

OSA

with

erased

traces,

and

operation.

TRDEF

from

Charts")

FUNCDEF

,

internal

do not

for

memory

names.

AC

,

use the

TDEF

.

permanently

Reserved

other

or

OSA

stored

usage interrupts

word

ARDEF commands

V

reserved

the

become

2-2

Using Variables and Traces

Contents

Dening Variables

To create a user-dened variable

To erase a user-dened variable

Dening Traces

To create a user-dened trace

To erase a user-dened trace

Using Amplitude Data

To select the amplitude units

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::

:::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::

::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::

::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::

::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::

To convert measurement and parameter units

To return wavelength and position values

Formatting Trace-Data Output

Commands

Move

and

Math

Using

:

1

Rule

Math

Trace

::

Trace Math

Math

Trace

Math

Trace

Rule 2

Rule 3

Rule 4

::

:

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::

:

::

:

::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::

::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

2-4

2-5

2-6

2-7

2-8

2-9

2-10

2-15

:

2-16

:

::

2-17

::

:

2-17

::

:

2-19

::

:

2-3

Dening Variables

The OSA retains in reserved memory a set of predened variables.Each

predened variable stores a current OSA setting or state. Note the two

characteristics of these variables:

1. Values depend on current instrument settings.

2. Names are identical with associated programming commands.

Programming commands which have the same name as a predened

variable

OSA's

load

center wavelength.

variable

that

CENTERWL. Predened

your programs

available

queried

arguments

to

return their

to

many

to

of

example

or

F

.

CENTERWL also

variables reside

. Both

values to

OS

the

Partial

predened

the

commands

A

of

List

the

,

in reserved

computer

listed

Predened

command

loads the

user-dened

and

Also

.

in

ariables

V

CENTERWL

predened

memory and

variables

,

chapter 8.

sets

variable

are

variables

be

can

always

used

the

can

be

as

CENTERWL CNVL

MKA MKAC

MKP MKP

TE

A

NST

OSS

T

AUSE

DL INZ L

MKAL MKAR MKN

MKPX MKT MKTV

RB RBR RL RLPOS

ROFFSET SP SS ST ST

G

TWL

AR

STOPWL TH VB VTL WLOFFSET

Use the

VARDEF

command to create and store user-dened variables in

internal memory. User-dened variable names are from 1 to 12 characters

executed. Use

from

is

internal

memory

.

long

PURGE

and

or

assigned

are

DISPOSE

values

erase user-dened

to

immediately

VARDEF

after

variables

2-4

To create a user-dened variable



Use the

10 OUTPUT 723;"VARDEF MY_VAR,0;"

VARDEF

command.

Create variable called MY VAR and assign it

a value of 0.

Using Variables and Traces

Dening Variables

To



erase

Use

10

DISPOSE

the

OUTPUT

user-dened

a

command.

723;"DISPOSE

variable

MY_VAR;"

2-5

Dening Traces

The OSA stores data for traces A, B, and C in reserve-memory trace arrays.

These arrays comprise a series of data points (elements) that contain

amplitude information. Position units describe the position of an element

(point) along the horizontal axis of a trace. The point at the left end of

the trace has a position-unit value of 1. The point at the right end of an

800-point trace has a position-unit value of 800. Whenever trace A, B,orC is

swept, the analyzer updates the trace's array with new data. You can create

your own user-dened trace arrays in

and

command. Unlike

The

units

Predened

trace

any

of

lengths

trace

command converts

POSU

The

.

meters,

to

length

trace

to

from

command converts

WLU

user-dened

and

800

is

Use

.

their

internal

traces A,

or in

elements

the

preset

memory

B,

zero-span

traces

.

TRPST

or

IP

.

values

.

the wavelength

Use

internal memory

user-dened

C,

point

a

to

,

mode

be

can

TRDEF

the

preset)

(trace

PURGE

on

units

to

3

command

DISPOSE

or

point

of a

trace

a

time

of

2048

command

using the

traces

on

indicated

.

elements

to

cannot

trace

a

in

The

.

change

to reset

a user-dened

erase

TRDEF

swept.

be

position

to

position

default

the length

the

be

User-dened

10

20

example

array

CLEAR

OUTPUT

following

trace

called

723

723;"IP;"

names

,

TRA

can

measurement

CE

Z.

30 OUTPUT 723;"SNGLS;TS;"

40 OUTPUT 723;"TRDEF TRACE_Z,800;"

50 OUTPUT 723;"MOV TRACE_Z,TRA;"

2-6

from

results

to

1

are

characters

12

transferred

Initialize

long.

a

to

analyzer

user-dened

.

the

In

Activate single-sweep mode and sweep

once.

Create user-dened trace array.

Move copy of trace A contents into

TRACE Z.

To create a user-dened trace



Use the

10 OUTPUT 723;"TRDEF TRACE_Z,1000;"

TRDEF

command.

Using Variables and Traces

Dening Traces

T



o

erase

Use

10

the

OUTPUT

user-dened

a

DISPOSE

command.

723;"DISPOSE

trace

TRACE_Z;"

2-7

Using Amplitude Data

Measurement results are expressed in either parameter units or measurement

units. A parameter unit is a standard scientic unit such as Watts, decibels,

seconds, hertz, amperes, and ohms. Measurement units are an internal

representation of the data. Measurement units apply only to traces and trace

elements. In its preset state, the analyzer returns all measurement results in

parameter units.

The amplitude parameter units used are shown in the following table. Use

display

the

AUNITS

command

annotation and

change

to

returned by

the

queries to

amplitude

active

the computer

.

units

shown

in

Amplitude

Parameter

Units

dBm

for

,

dB

W



,

mW

,

W

for

(zero)

0

units

the

are

(reference

top

unit

dened

one

is

as

level).

hundredth

or

F

a

of

Decibels

Watts

trace

linear

For

the

the bottom

of

logarithmic trace

information,

and

display

,

information,

measurement

10,000

measurement

a

dBm:

measurement

unit

=

(

val

ue in

dB

m

(

)

100

Thus,a010 dBm value is equal to01000 measurement units:

0

1000 measurement units =010 dBm (100)

The measurement-unit range is restricted to integers between +32,767 and

32,768.

0

equals

decimal

Use the

parameter-unit values

Since measurement

measurement

1012

0

rounded

values

0

1012 measurement units =

AMPU

are

command to convert measurement-unit values to

. The

to measurement-unit values

units

the

to

MEASU

.

10.115

0

restricted

are

1011.5

0

not

,

nearest

0

10.115 dBm (100)

integer

integers

to

measurement

.

,

units because

command converts parameter-unit values

dBm

2-8

Using Variables and Traces

Using Amplitude Data

To select the amplitude units



Use the

AUNITS

command.

To convert measurement and parameter units

parameter

to

convert

command

AMPU

the

Use



MEASU

the

Use



command

to

convert

measurement

parameter

units

measurement

to

units

.

return

o

T

the

Use



wavelength

the

Use



point.

wavelength

command to

POSU

.

value

command determines

WLU

position

and

determines the

the wavelength

trace

values

that

point

value of

corresponds

trace

given

a

to

2-9

a

Formatting Trace-Data Output

The trace-data format (TDF) command controls the format of trace-amplitude

data output from the OSA. All the available format modes return amplitude

information in measurement units except for

TDF P

, which returns

parameter units. The output formats are summarized in the following table.

(Parenthetical numbers in the table are decimal values representing binary,

8-bit numbers.)

Trace Data Output Formats for Amplitude Information

Output

Format

Command

P

TDF

ASCII

Returns

followed

is

output

end-or-identify

decimal

(EOI)

y line

b

OSA

value

feed (ASCII

.

Output

alues

V

are

in

code

parameter

and

10)

units.

Data

race

T

Amplitude

+10.00

Element

of +10

dBm

output.

(determined

alues are

V

rst.

.

eld

data

command).

units.

y

b

and

Data

length of

+1000

(232)

(3)

(0)(2)

(#)(A)

(#)(I) (3) (232)

(3)(232)

TDF

TDF I

measurement

in

are

alues

V

.

value

feed

series

integer

ASCII

(ASCII

binary

command),

of

y

b

alues

V

code 10)

value

units.

one

bytes

and

\#"

are

one

as

with

Sends

two

or

determined

is

\A"

measurement

in

and

most

and

EOI

or

EOI

8-bit

follow

8-bit

two

signicant

with

ytes

b

y

b

two

data

b

last

(A-block

the

ytes

units.

ytes

yte

b

yte

b

MDS

representing

M

B

A

Returns

Line

Returns

MDS

the

measurement

in

Sends

number of

the

preceded

is

data eld.

Sends a series of one or two 8-bit bytes (I-block data eld and

the number of bytes is determined by the MDS command). Data

is preceded by \#" and \I". Values are in measurement units.

Sends EOI with last byte.

TDF

formats

P

data as

ASCII,

preset (IP) activates the

command species the kind of

decimal

format, and the A

TDF P

parameter units

for linear trace information and dBm for

values

logarithmic trace information. A

line feed (ASCII code 10) follows data output.

format is convenient because it returns

sent with line feed. The

is

TDF P

parameter

in

UNITS (amplitude units)

. The default units are volts

The end-or-identify state (EOI)

units

Instrument

.

parameter-unit values, but it is the slowest of the data-format modes.

2-10

Using Variables and Traces

Formatting Trace-Data Output

TDF M

formats data as ASCII, integer values in measurement units. (Thus, the

AUNITS command has no aect on returned data.) A line feed (ASCII code

10) follows data output. The end-or-identify state (EOI) is sent with line feed.

The

TDF M

format is faster than the

TDF P

format, but requires conversion to

parameter units.

TDF B

formats data in measurement units as binary numbers. Numbers are

transmitted usually as words. (A word is two 8-bit bytes.) The results are

transmitted in the following order:



The most signicant byte is sent rst.



The least signicant byte is sent next.

.

byte

last

the

with

sent

is

EOI



one

numbers

words

elds

bytes

or

they

precedes

bytes

with

(MDS)

as

.

\# I"

or speed

F

used

be

may

(MDS

byte

large

too

size

data

the

Instrument

and

A

TDF

formats

Both

as

)

B

MDS

(

data

the

with

indicate

the

returned.

sends

and

at

B).

to

TDF

a

On

EOI

be

preset

cost

the

consolidate

to

However

contained

not

is

format

I

return

block

number

and

A

#

other

the

(end

accuracy

of

the

since

,

one

in

recommended,

data

same

However,

bytes

words

into absolute

or

selects

(IP)

the

of data.

of

two

hand,

identify)

or

measurement-data-size

the

,

information

math

trace

the

,

byte

especially

as

data, binary

of

kind

the

words

specify

that

TDF

the

with

contained

operations

bytes

of

use

during

default data

the

indenite

and

words

formats

dier

returned. The

number

the

format

I

last

precedes

byte

of

command

word

a

in

produce

often

instead

trace-math

.

size

block-data

MDS

(

the

in

format

TDF A

data

of

data

the

The

data.

into

of

operations

)

W

way

block-data

formats are available for compliance with IEEE standards. They have the

same limitations as the binary format,

TDF B

, when bytes are chosen as the

measurement data size.

The following table shows an HP-IB transmission sequence for each format.

Each one transmits the +10 dBm amplitude level of a trace element.

ASCII-decimal

the

to

the

in

table

HP

9000

are

200

that

on

or

Remember

information

series

decimal values

though

even

a

,

HP-IB

300 controller

the

decimal

The

.

representing binary

analyzer

number

transmits

is always

parenthetical

, 8-bit numbers

binary or

returned

numbers

.

2-11

Using Variables and Traces

Formatting Trace-Data Output

Transmission Sequence for Trace-Data Formats

TDF P TDF M TDF B TDF A TDF I

format

The

analyzer

the

concept.

of

computer

the

following table

The

.

Byte 1

Byte 2

Byte 3

Byte 4

Byte 5

Byte 6

1 1 (3) # #

0 0 (232-EOI) A I

. 0 (0) (3)

0 0 (2) (232-EOI)

0 10 (EOI) (3)

10(EOI) (232)

be

must

and programming

(10-EOI)

compatible

with

output

the

examples

format

illustrate

of

this

2-12

Using Variables and Traces

Formatting Trace-Data Output

Computer Formats

Analyzer Format Computer-Format Requirements Example in HP BASIC

TDF M Free eld 10 ENTER 723;Amplitude

TDF P Free eld 10 ENTER 723;Amplitude

TDF B Binary. Read twice for each value if data size

10 ASSIGN @Sa TO 723;FORMATOFF

is words. (See MDS.)

20 ENTER @Sa USING \#,W";Z(*)

TDF A Initially read four values (for #, A, and

10 ASSIGN @Sa TO 723;FORMATOFF

length) in any format. Use integer format for

to MDS)

(Refer

follows.

that

data

ounda,Num

@Sa;P

ENTER

I

TDF

following examples

The

return to

for

read

Initially

Use

format.

(Refer

follows.

illustrate the

the computer

two

integer

to

The

.

values

format

TDF)

(for

last

in

I)

#,

data

for

four

example

y

an

that

ways

also

20

ALL

30

ENTER

40

ASSIGN

10

ENTER

20

ENTER

30

trace

shows

INTEGER Z(1:Num

TE

OCA

@Sa;Z(*)

@Sa

@Sa;P

@Sa

data

how

T

oundi

USING

can

O

to

723;FORMA

\#,W";Z(*)

formatted

be

send

b

ytes

b

OFF

T

the

ytes/2)

trace data from the computer back to the analyzer.To return trace data as

decimal numbers in parameter units (TDF P):

10 OUTPUT 723;"TDF P;"

20 OUTPUT 723;"TRA[10]?;"

30 ENTER 723;N

Return amplitude of trace element in parame-

ter units.

Assign value of (010.33) to N.

as

data

10

trace

OUTPUT

723;"TDF

o return

T

20 OUTPUT 723;"TRA[10]?;"

30 ENTER 723;N

To return trace data as

10 INTEGER Z(1:800)

integers

M;"

measurement

in

ctivate

A

units

measurement-unit

format.

M):

(TDF

Return amplitude of trace element in measure-

ment units

Assign value (

.

0

1033) to N.

binary numbers with data size of one word (TDF B).

Declare integer array.

2-13

Using Variables and Traces

Formatting Trace-Data Output

20 ASSIGN @Sa TO 723

30 ASSIGN @Sa_fast TO 723;FORMAT OFF

40 OUTPUT @Sa;"MDS W;"

50 OUTPUT @Sa;"TDF B;"

60 OUTPUT @Sa;"TRA?;"

Assign fast I/O path to 723.

Dene data size as one word.

Activate binary data format.

Return amplitude of all trace elements

in measurement units.

70 ENTER @Sa_fast USING "#,W";Z(*)

Load binary values into array Z. \#"

species that line execution is termi-

nated when last ENTER item is termi-

nated. \W" species that items loaded

are words (two bytes).

To return trace data in block-data format with data size of one word (TDF A),

then send data back to analyzer.

to

all

to

.

A

.)

A.

723.

word.

trace

ssign

of

Num

A

. Set

format.

elements.

length,

bytes

Num

of

in

re-

an

OUTPUT

1

OUTPUT

5

INTEGER Pounda,Num_bytes

10

ASSIGN

20

ASSIGN

30

OUTPUT

40

OUTPUT

50

OUTPUT

60

ENTER

70

ALLOCATE

80

ENTER

90

100 OUTPUT

723;"SNGLS;SP

723;"TS;"

723

TO

@Sa

@Sa_fast

@Sa;"MDS

@Sa;"TDF

TO

W;"

A;"

@Sa;"TRA?;"

@Sa_fast;Pounda,Num_bytes

INTEGER

@Sa_fast;

A(*)

@Sa;"TRDSP TRA,OFF;"

110 OUTPUT @Sa;"TRC";

1MHZ;CF 300MHZ;"

723;FORMAT

OFF

A(1:Num_bytes/2)

Activate

measurement

Sweep

Declare

ssign

A

Dene data

ctivate

A

eturn

R

ssign

A

that

turned

(T

Declare

Store

integer array

Stop display

single-sweep mode

trace

integer

fast

absolute

amplitude

to

#A

the

,

is

computer

to

emporary

array

contents

range

A.

array

path

I/O

as

size

block-data

ounda.

P

number

variables

with

of

.

trace

of

.

one

of

,

length

trace

This line and the next line store

the contents of the integer array in

trace C. The semicolon is required

to suppress carriage-return/line-feed

so that the TRC-command statement

is not terminated prematurely.

120 OUTPUT

@Sa_fast;Pounda;Num_bytes;A(*)

Send

lowed

required

s

A

contents

by

the

array

integer

of

TRC-command

fol-

A,

OS

to

length

and

#A

syntax, the @Sa fast format removes

commas that separate the numbers

.

130 OUTPUT 723;"VIEW TRC;"

inside the integer array

View trace C.

.

bytes/2.

.

2-14

Using Math and Move Commands

This section covers math and move commands which modify data and store

the results in memory. In addition, four rules are provided for using math

with trace arrays and elements.

Each math and move command requires both source and destination

arguments. The value of the source is used to obtain the data stored in the

destination. Only variables or traces can be a destination. Sources can be

variables, traces, real numbers, or any command listed in the following table.

commands

(The

diagram shows

command are

only

can

table

this

in

predefined function

illustrated in

Chapter 7.)

Commands

That

used

be

as a

Can Be

with

source.

a Source

commands

Syntax

diagrams

whose

syntax

each

for

Command Denition

AMPU Amplitude-unit

FUNCDEF Create

MEAN Mean

MEASU Measurement-unit

MEM A

vailable

MKBW Marker

MODADD Return

MODID Identify

PEAKS T

race peaks

conversion

user-dened

data

of

value

internal memory

bandwidth

module's

slave

or

module

found

function

points

conversion

HP-MSIB

instrument

address

HP-MSIB address

POSU Position-unit conversion

PWRBW Power bandwidth

RMS Root mean square

STB Status byte

STDEV Standard

deviation

values

of trace

SUM Sum

squares

ariance

V

of

SUMSQR Sum

ARIANCE

V

WLUNITS Wavelength-unit conversion

MOV

Below,the

command transfers a value from the

variable) to the destination (user-dened variable).

source (predened

2-15

Using Variables and Traces

Using Math and Move Commands

10 OUTPUT 723;"MOV WAVELENGTH,CENTERWL;"

The next example uses the multiple command,

wavelength by 10%.

10 OUTPUT 723;"MPY CENTERWL,CENTERWL,1.1;"

Trace Math Rule 1

truncating

void

A



source

the

lost

is

Data

of

,

is

(that

portion

the

information.

moving

when

array

trace

last

the

in

OUTPUT

30

OUTPUT

40

OUTPUT 723;"MOV

50

when

fewer

of

TRACE

,

400

data

length.

trace

a

trace

is

,

points

or

not

array

shorter

the

The

a

data

points)

example

trace

723;"SNGLS;TS;"

723;"TRDEF

TRACE,TRA;"

operated

is

variable

a

in

stored

shows

below

shorter

a

into

than

when

lost

is

TRACE,400;"

on

lost

is

trace

and

When

.

when

how

trace

A,

trace

stored

amplitude

Single

Dene

Copy

destination

a

using

from

into

60

OUTPUT

723;"TS;"

Update

Copy center wavelength value into

WAVELENGTH variable.

MPY

, to increase the center

shorter than

of lesser

active source

new sweep

with

may

user-dened

the

contained

with

trace

information

sweep information.

using an

it

trace

array

is

A

TRA

amplitude

in

updated

is

that is

atrace

length

information

Since

.

information

updated.

.

sweep

user-dened

CE.

with new

trace A

be

400

of

length

trace

lost

elements.

trace

,

A

When a short trace or variable is operated on and stored in a trace of longer

length, the last trace element is extended for operations with the longer

length.

2-16

Using Variables and Traces

Using Math and Move Commands

Trace Math Rule 2



Trace elements greater than +32,767 and less than032,768 are truncated.

Math operations are restricted to the legal range of measurement units when

trace arrays or elements form the destination or source.

10 OUTPUT 723;"MPY TRA[100],1000,1000;"

Multiplies 1000 times 1000, then stores

truncated value (32,767) in trace element.

is

use

units

.

a

All

is

3

real number

MEASU

the

express

trace

units

inaccurate

the

Trace

When



array

yield

The

Math

the

or

parameter

source

conversion

manipulated

omitted,

may

In

10.33 dBm.

0

returned data

be lost.

the following

Rule

source

element,

destination

and

necessary

measurement

in

example,

10 OUTPUT 723;"MOV TRB[100],MKA;"

20 OUTPUT 723;"TRB[100]?;"

the

following

In

returns

and

10

example

trace

OUTPUT

uses

amplitude

723;"MOV

values

TRB[100],MEASU MKA;"

20 OUTPUT 723;"TRB[100]?;"

command

numbers

amplitude

.

marker

MEASU

in

or variable

and

preserve decimal

to

dierent

in

information

conversion

the

If

of

factor

a

by

assumed

is

Copy integer value of marker (010)

into trace B element. TRB[100] now

contains010 measurement units.

Return00.1 dBm (false value).

command to

parameter units

Convert

to measurement units

value

TRB[100] now contains

surement units

Return010.33

destination

the

values

making

,

units

is

to

and

100

marking

be

to

preserves

stored

measurement

internally

signicant

signal

a

decimal

.

marker

amplitude

(01033) into trace element.

.

(correct value).

trace

a

is

and

a

and

units

digits

at

values

10.33)

0

(

, then move

mea-

0

1033

is

2-17

Using Variables and Traces

Using Math and Move Commands

The following table lists math and move commands that may require the use

of the

MEASU

command.

Math and Move Commands Requiring Conversion with MEASU

Command Denition

ABS Compute absolute value.

ADD Add sources, point by point.

AVG Average source with destination, point by point.

BIT Store or return value of bit.

CONCAT Concatenate traces.

DIV Divide sources, point by point, then discard remainder.

remainder

place

y

b

point.

of 10.

.

destination.

in

point.

EXP Divide

INT Compute

OG

L

Compute

MEAN Compute

MIN Retain

MOD Divide

MOV Duplicate

Y

MP

Multiply

MXM Retain

RMS Compute

SQR Compute

STDEV Compute

SUB Subtract

SUM Add

sources,

source

integer

logarithm.

mean

minimum

sources,

value(s)

sources,

maximum

root

square

standard

sources,

y

b

value

point

mean

point

scaling

.

value

of

.

value

by

contained

point

.

value

square

of

root

deviation.

point

y point.

b

factor

points.

point,

y

b

source

y

b

in

point.

of

point.

and

then

source

point

,

raise

retain

,

to power

and

point

y

b

SUMSQR Add square of sources, point by point.

VARIANCE Compute variance.

XCH Exchange sources.

2-18

Using Variables and Traces

Trace Math Rule 4



For greatest , use single point destinations, such as a trace element or a

variable.

If the destination consists of multiple points, the math functions round the

sources rst, then perform the requested operation. If the destination is a

single point, the math functions compute the results in oating point, and

then rounds the results if necessary. The following example shows how the

product of 2.45 and 3.45 is 6 or 8 depending on the destination.

or 6.

3,

X

2

with

array

C

trace

OUTPUT

50

OUTPUT

60

70 OUTPUT

OUTPUT

90

723;"MPY

TRC,2.45,3.45;"

723;"TRC[1]?;"

723;"MPY TRC[1],2.45,3.45;"

723;"TRC[1]?;"

Fill

6

eturn

R

Loads trace

X

2.45

of

8

eturn

R

computer

to

element with

8.

or

3.45,

computer.

to

.

integer

value

2-19

Using Variables and Traces

3

Controlling

Memory

Controlling Memory

Memory is an area where information can be stored for future recall. Memory

that is available for the user is called

the control of the three types of user memory:



Internal user memory, located within the optical spectrum analyzer



External user memory located on HP-IB, such as a disc drive



External user memory located on HP-MSIB, such as the memory card in the

HP

70004A

display

user memory

. This chapter discusses

Reserved memory

operations that

is for

is aected

by power

are not

loss.

under

the

user's

control.

3-2

Contents

Controlling Memory

Saving and Recalling Items

To select user memory

To catalog memory

To save a le

To recall a le

Erasing Memory

To erase les

::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::::

::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::

::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::

::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::

::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::

::::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::

:::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::

To erase all memory except correction factors and serial-number

To erase all memory for security

Protecting Memory

protect

o

T

o free

T

o

T

Memory

the

reduce

the

Freeing

::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::

erasure

from

les

::

:

size

amount

user-dened

of

greatest

::

::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::

:

::

:

::

:

internal

of

memory

functions

:

3-4

3-6

3-7

3-9

::::

3-9

3-10

:

3-12

:

3-13

:

::

:

3-13

:

::

:

3-3

Saving and Recalling Items

You can save the following items in internal memory. The commands for

saving are shown in parentheses.



User-dened traces (TRDEF,LOAD)



User-dened variables (VARDEF,LOAD)



User-dened functions (FUNCDEF,LOAD)



Active user-dened functions (ACTDEF,LOAD)



On-end-of-sweep algorithms (ONEOS,LOAD)

V)

(AMPCOR)

-STOR,

NST

A

TE,

S

VES)

A

Trace-amplitude



register les

State

les (STOR,

Trace

4

USER

5

keys

Limit-line

correction

(instrument settings

SA

les (STOR,

VET)

LIMISA

SA

osets

VEU)

25



,

C

Battery

memory

as

one

or

is

long

year

nonvolatile

3.6V

the

as

55

at

remains

memory

Internal

.

power

of

loss

y

b

altered

not

is

and

years

8

last

should

battery

The

.

power

supplies

battery

lithium



Refer

.

C

to

the

Installation

and

erication

V

Manual

installation

for

Internal

nonvolatile

at

instructions.

Unlike internal memory, external memory can only store items that are saved

using the

SAVE

and

STOR

commands. External memory is nonvolatile and is

not altered by loss of power. The following items can be stored in external

memory.



register

State

le

Trace

4

5

keys le (

USER

Limit-line le (

Program le (

(Instrument

le

SAVET

,

STOR

(

STOR,SAVEU

STOR,LIMISAV

STOR,SAVED

settings

)

Use the mass-storage-interface command,

-

MSI

, to select the desired user

)

SAVES

,

STOR

memory. When power is applied to the analyzer, internal memory is selected

3-4

Controlling Memory

Saving and Recalling Items

until the

MSI

command or the

catalog & MSI

softkey selects another

storage device.

The catalog of user memory gives a description of articles stored in the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

currently selected user memory.To view the catalog, execute

To return the catalog to the computer, use the

DSPTEXT

DSPMODE CAT

command. Stored

articles are listed by name, followed by the article type, and the size of the

article in bytes. The names of les stored by the save commands consist of a

number preceded by a prex that indicates the type of data stored in the le.

The prex can be changed with the PREFX command.

The articles that can be stored in user memory are listed in the following

table.

Memory

of User

Catalog

ype

T

File

Default

File

TRACE none

AR

V

none

FUNC none

AFUNC none

ONEOS none

Prex

User-dened

Active

trace*

variable*

function

user-dened

On-end-of-sweep

Stored

*

function

algorithm

Article

*

Recalling

,

TRDEF

ARDEF

V

FUNCDEF

TDEF

AC

ONEOS,

Storing

OAD

L

OAD

L

,

OAD

L

,

OAD

L

OAD

,

RCLD

,

and

Commands

RCLD

,

RCLD

.

ys,

LIMIT

osets*

O

L

and

LIMIT

HI* LIMILINE,

AMPCOR AMPCOR none

RCLD

,

OAD

L

TRACE none

ASCII s

trace

correction

arra

race-amplitude

T

Limit-line

State-register le (instrument settings and title-line) STOR, LOAD,SAVES, NSTATE,

RCLS

Program le

y

STOR, SAVED, RCLD ASCII d

Trace le STOR, LOAD,SAVET, RCLT ASCII t

le

4

USER

ys

5

ke

STOR,

Limit-line le STOR,

OAD

L

OAD

L

SA

,

LIMISA

,

V

LIMIRCL

ASCII u

ASCII l

U

RCL

,

VEU

*Indicates article can be stored in internal memory only

y

Indicates le can be stored in external memory

only

3-5

Controlling Memory

Saving and Recalling Items

To select user memory



Send the

MSI

command.

To catalog memory

command



Send

the

DSPMODE

CAT

or

to

display

catalog

on

OS

A.



T



Send

o

Use

the

save

the

DSPTEXT

le

a

and

SAVE

command

STOR

to

commands when

or

,

the

Use



ACTDEF

AMPCOR

FUNCDEF

SAVES,SAVET,SAVEU,STOR,TRDEF

to internal memory.

To recall a le

Use the



les from memory

LIMIRCL,LOAD,RCLD,RCLS,RCLT

.

return

,

, and

catalog

the

saving

LIMISAV

VARDEF

,and

computer

the

to

memory

,

LOAD

,

external

to

,

NSTATE

commands when saving

RCLU

commands to recall

.

ONEOS

.

,

3-6

Erasing Memory

Use the

ALL

DISPOSE

erases

command to erase items from internal memory.

all

contents of internal memory. Use the PURGE command to

DISPOSE

erase items from either internal or external memory, depending on the

storage device selected.

The

ERASE

command erases

all

memory in the OSA for security purposes,

including internal memory, instrument settings, user-entered serial-number

information, trace data, user-entered correction factors, and osets.

a

external

in

data

erase

not

does

partial erase

disk drive

or a

memory and

factors

N

O

I

T

U

A

C

Use

contents

In

trace

or

the

event

the

information

instrument

before

saved

power

in

POWERON

instrument

power

is

. The

instrument settings

serial-number information.

ERASE

command

internal

of

power

of

settings

removed.

is

registers

state

command

settings

memory

loss

lost.

is

lost

are

may

set

is

and predened

returned.

memory

. PERASE

for security

.

reserve

,

current

The

unless

Instrument

retrieved

be

LAST

to

,

command,

PERASE,

does not

purposes

values

are

is

of

stored

memory

they

settings

when

before

power

variables return

only

lost.

all

and

power

is

removed.

predened

in

predened

memory

as

such

on

erases

aect

ERASE

.

example

or

F

state-register

a

returned

is

to their

all

the

destroys

Otherwise

preset state

ERASE

memory

internal

correction

all

active

all

,

variables

le

variables

the

if

card

and

not

the

,

when

The FORMAT command erases internal or external memory. If a memory card

or a disk drive (oppy) is selected with the MSI command, FORMAT initializes

it.

3-7

Controlling Memory

Erasing Memory

Commands that Erase User Memory

Memory Components

Storing Commands Shown

in Parentheses

user-dened variable (VARDEF,LOAD, RCLD)

user-dened trace (TRDEF, LOAD, RCLD)

RCLD)

,

LOAD

OR)

ST

,

(AC

(ONEOS,

factors

settings

OR)

ST

,

OR)

erase

,

TDEF

LOAD

(AMPCOR)

internal

LOAD

,

and

(FUNCDEF

user-dened

active

function

user-dened

function

on-end-of-sweep-algorithm

le

keys le

5

le

correction

le

VED

(SA

,

VET

(LIMISA

(instrument

ST

,

OR)

ST

VEU

(SA

V

and ERASE

trace-amplitude

register

state

program

le(SA

trace

4

USER

Limit line

*DISPOSE, PERASE,

RCLD)

,

RCLD)

,

title

memory

line,

only

SA

.

VES,

Commands that Erase or Reset Memory

PURGE DISPOSE* NSTATE

FORMAT PERASE*

ERASE*

X X

STOR)

X X X

X X

3-8

Controlling Memory

Erasing Memory

To erase les



Use the

DISPOSE,ERASE,FORMAT,PERASE

,or

PURGE

command.

To erase all memory except correction factors and

serial-number

PERASE

the

ERASE

command

internal memory

of

ERASE

the

Execute



erase all

o

T

N

IO

UT

A

C

Use

contents

Execute

1.

2. Execute system-level command,

command.

memory

for security

command.

.

for

security

purposes

CLEAR 723

only

ERASE

.

destroys

all

(in HP BASIC), to reset the

OSA's input buer.

3. Recycle the OSA's power.

4. Execute the error-correction routines to obtain calibrated measurement

command.)

CAL

the

to

(Refer

.

results

3-9

Protecting Memory

The

PROTECT

command protects internal memory against erasure by the

PERASE, FORMAT and DISPOSE commands.ThePSTATE command protects

state-register les on both internal or external memory.

On memory cards, the write-protect switch, when set to SAFE, protects the

card's contents from erasure.For other HP-MSIB or HP-IB devices, refer to

protection instructions for your particular mass storage device.

Internal

The

Memory Erasure

PROTECT

and

PSTATE

commands

not prevent

do

internal memory

erasure

with

command.

o protect

T



Use

PROTECT



Use

PSTATE



Use the memory card's write-protect switch to protect les on a card.

les

to protect state register les.

from

to protect internal memory les.

erasure

the

ERASE

3-10

Commands that Erase or Protect User Memory

Controlling Memory

Protecting Memory

Memory Components

Storing Commands Shown

in Parentheses

user-dened variable (VARDEF, LOAD, RCLD)

user-dened trace (TRDEF,LOAD, RCLD)

user-dened function (FUNCDEF, LOAD, RCLD)

active user-dened function (ACTDEF, LOAD, RCLD)

RCLD)

,

LOAD

on-end-of-sweep-algorithm

le

keys

5

le

protects

correction

le

VED

(SA

,

VET

le

(LIMISA

ST

internal

trace-amplitude

register

state

program

le(SA

trace

4

USER

line

Limit

TECT

y

PRO

(ONEOS,

factors

(instrument

OR)

ST

,

OR)

,

VEU

(SA

OR)

ST

,

V

memory

Commands

settings

OR)

ST

(AMPCOR)

and

.

only

that Erase

line,

title

Reserved Memory

SA

VES,

ST

OR)

Commands that

Protect Memory

PROTECTyPSTATE

X

X X

X

Memory Components Commands that Erase or Reset Memory

correction factors(CAL)

numbers

serial

or C)

,

B

A,

(trace

data

trace

active

instrument settings not stored in state registers

PERASE ERASE IP

X

X X X

3-11

Freeing Memory

When internal memory is full, an overow message appears on the screen.

You can increase available internal memory by erasing user-dened traces,

variables, and functions. Use the

PURGE

and

DISPOSE

commands to erase

these items.

Reduce trace size using the

TRDEF

command. An 800 element trace occupies

1646 bytes of memory, that is, 2 bytes for each element and 46 bytes for

trace overhead. Reduce the size of user-dened functions by inhibiting the

of

end

the

With

47

at

the

CR/LFs

bytes

HIGH

placed

instead

PEAK

the

at

removed,

of

carriage-return/line-feed

The following

each program

function with

a source

of

end

HIGH PEAK

30

40

50

60

line.

CR/LFs suppressed.

line suppresses

occupies

OUTPUT

723;"FUNCDEF

723;"STARTWL

723;"TS;MKPK

723;"@;"

11% less

(CR/LF)

generated

ASIC

HP B

CR/LF

BASIC,

characters

(In HP

the

memory space

HIGH_PEAK,@";

700NM;STOPWL

HI;";

the

by

example

a

that

,

computer

shows

semicolon

.

,

is

900NM;";

53.

3-12

Controlling Memory

To free the greatest amount of internal memory

10 OUTPUT 723;"MSI INT;"

20 OUTPUT 723;"PROTECT ALL,OFF;"

30 OUTPUT 723;"DISPOSE ALL;"

user-dened

of

size

reduce

o

T

Suppress



lines

.

the

carriage-return/line-feeds

any

located

Select internal memory.

Disable protection.

Dispose all unprotected vari-

ables, traces, functions,keys,

and on-end-of-sweep algorithms.

functions

source-code

of

end

the

at

3-13

Controlling Memory

4

Monitoring

Operation

System

Monitoring System Operation

This chapter describes how service requests are used to monitor system

operation. Service requests can be set to occur automatically.You can also

monitor system operation without using service requests, as explained in this

chapter.

4-2

Contents

Monitoring System Operation

Interrupt Process

Analyzer Status-Byte Register

Service-Request Mask

Service-Request Examples

Monitoring System Operation Without Using Service Requests

Debugging Programs

To debug a program

::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :

:::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::

::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::

:::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::

::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::::

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

:::::: :::

4-4

4-5

4-6

4-7

4-11

4-12

4-3

Monitoring System Operation

The programming techniques discussed so far describe communication

between the analyzer and the computer, where the sequence of all data

transfer is controlled by a computer program. This section tells how the

analyzer can interrupt computer operation when the analyzer has attained a

particular state.

The interrupting process is called a service request. Service requests have

many applications. They facilitate economical use of computer processing

or

when

time

example,

can make

measuring.

is

service

computer

after the

calculations or

request.

will

interrupting

analyzer

the

computer initiates

When the

The service-request

Service

next.

do

computer

processing.

a

of

part

is

control other

analyzer is

requests

large-scale

measurement

an analyzer

devices via

signals

through,

it

subprogram then

report

also

can

system.

measurement,

while

HP-IB

computer

the

determines

analyzer

the

F

computer

the

analyzer

with

the

what

errors while

a

4-4

Monitoring System Operation

Interrupt Process

The interrupt process begins when the analyzer \requests" attention by

setting the HP-IB service-request (SRQ) line true. The computer responds by

branching to a special subroutine that examines the status of each instrument

on HP-IB. Computer operation then branches to another subroutine that

is determined by the status of the instrument that requested service (the

analyzer in this case). In this way, the computer \services" the analyzer's

\request." These steps are summarized below:

.

line

SRQ

(SRQ)

line

true

.

1. Computer

2. Analyzer

monitors HP-IB

requests service

service-request

by setting

Analyzer Status-Byte

Register

Computer

3.

Computer

4.

Several

system-level

responsive

(enable

interrupt),

on-interrupt

branch

possible

the

and

when

,

service

SPOLL,

the

The analyzer

analyzer

The

and

is

status-byte

subroutine

branches

to

subroutine

to

commands

tells

service

These

used

requests

the

ON

request

command,

the

with

service

to

command,

a

serial-poll

request.

are

status-byte register

the

computer

.

in.

register

consists

are

The

.

computer

species

INTR,

occurs

ASIC

B

HP

is the communicating link between the

status-byte

The

of

that

determined

required

ASIC

B

HP

monitor

to

If

.

SPOLL,

commands

Series

9000

eight

examines

to

where

more

needed

is

register

.

bits

analyzer

by

the

make

command,

service-request

the

computer

the

one

than

to

ENABLE

,

and

200

indicates what

Bits 0,

1,

computer

ENABLE INTR

service

examine

INTR,

computers

300

4,

2,

particular aspects of analyzer operation, such as end-of-sweep

conditions. These are listed in

cleared (false), is determined by the analyzer

Table 1-13. The state of these bits

state.

program

request

nature

the

ON

state

represent

5

and

, or error

, set (true) or

. The

line

is

INTR,

.

will

of

the

If the service-request mode is enabled, all of the status-byte

bits reect the

current state of the analyzer until the conditions of a service request are met.

4-5

Monitoring System Operation

In this case, the bit or bits that satisfy the service-request condition remain

in the true state until the status byte is interrogated by the system-level,

serial-poll command SPOLL, or until the system-level CLEAR command is

executed. These commands clear the status byte so that all the bits in the

byte once again reect the current state of the analyzer until another service

request occurs. In this way, the process begins again.

Service-Request Mask

The service-request mode is enabled and controlled by the request-service-

condition command, RQS. It denes a

service-request mask

which species

which of the status-byte bits may generate a service request. Below, RQS

species the ERROR-PRESENT and COMMAND-COMPLETE states (bits 5 and

4)

Example

Once

true

Number

Bit

service

for

OUTPUT

RQS

when

Decimal

requests

Enable

723;"RQS

executed,

is

any

Equivalent

.

service requests

48;"

analyzer requests

the

enabled conditions

the

of

Spectrum-Analyzer

Optical

Analyzer

State

for an

Selects

request

ERROR-PRESENT condition.

enable

to

32

and

5

bit

ERROR-PRESENT

for

mode

service

become

Status-Byte

by

.

true

Register

setting

the

Description

SRQ

7 128 Unused

6 64 RQS Set

5 32 ERROR-PRESENT Set

when

error

register

contains

.

error

an

met.

is

condition

service

selected

y

an

4 16 COMMAND-COMPLETE Set at completion of command execution.

3 8 Unused

2 4 END-OF-SWEEP Set at completion of sweep.

service-

.

line

1 2 MESSAGE Set when

corrected

0 1 TRIGGER-ARMED Set

when

4-6

messages

prompts,

analyzer

appear

\UNCAL"

ready

is

such

,

or

to

the

as

\USERCAL."

receive

uncalibrated

asweep

trigger

or

.

Monitoring System Operation

Service-Request Examples

The following program uses service requests to monitor measurement errors

in the analyzer. If an error occurs, computer operation is interrupted and a

description of the error is printed.

Example

Enable ERROR-PRESENT service request and return error

description.

10 ASSIGN @Sa TO 723

COM\INSTR\@Sa

20

CLEAR

30

OUTPUT

40

ON

50

60 ENABLE

OUTPUT

70

!

80

Idle:GOTO

90

!

100

@Sa

@Sa;"IP;SNGLS;TS;"

Error

CALL

7

INTR

7;2

INTR

@Sa;"RQS

Idle

32;"

110 END

120

130 SUB

Error

140 COM\INST\@Sa

150 DIM Mod_num$[6],Err_text$[30]

160 OUTPUT @Sa;"XERR?;"

170 ENTER @Sa USING"5(K)";Error_num,

Mod_num$,Row_num,Col_num,Err_text$

180

PRINT

Error_num;Mod_num$;

Row_num;Col_num;Err_text$

190 SUBEND

Initialize analyzer.

Dene

Enable

Monitor

computer interrupt

computer

interrupts

ERROR-PRESENT

service request

ing.

measurement

where

is

(This

belongs

.)

Interrupt-handling

your

subroutine

Return error description.

branching.

.

service

while

line

request.

measur-

routine

.

4-7

Monitoring System Operation

The next program uses service requests to allow the computer to process

data or control other instruments while the analyzer is taking a long sweep.

When the sweep is completed, the analyzer generates a service request which

interrupts the computer, instructing it to accept the measurement data from

the analyzer.

Example

Enable END-OF-SWEEP interrupt, then return trace data when the

sweep has ended.

10 OPTION BASE 1

20 ASSIGN @Sa TO 723

30 COM\INSTR\@Sa

Trace_a(800)

COM

40

CLEAR

50

OUTPUT

60

ON

70

ENABLE

80

OUTPUT

90

OUTPUT

100

110 OUTPUT

!

120

130

@Sa

@Sa;"IP;SNGLS;TS;"

CALL

7

INTR

7;2

INTR

@Sa;"RQS

@Sa;"ST

@Sa;"TS;"

Idle:

GOTO

140 !

150 END

160 !

170 SUB Trace_out

180 OPTION BASE 1

COM\INST\@Sa

190

Trace_a(800)

COM

200

210 OUTPUT @Sa;"TRA?;"

220 ENTER @Sa;Trace_a(*)

230 SUBEND

Trace_out

4;"

100S;"

Idle

Dene rst element of ar-

ray as \1."

Initialize analyzer.

Dene

computer-interrupt

branching.

to

.

100

other

ser-

seconds

line

de-

Enable

request.

vice

sweep time

Set

Sweep

Monitor

controlling

while

via

vices

interrupts

END-OF-SWEEP

analyzer

service-request

HP-IB

Trace-output subprogram.

Return trace data.

.

4-8

Monitoring System Operation

The following program handles two types of service requests. One of them

requests service when the analyzer has completed a sweep. The other

requests service when an error occurs in the analyzer. When either request is

generated, the computer examines the status-byte register using the SPOLL

command to determine what caused the service request (end of sweep).

Example

Enable multiple service requests. Use HP BASIC command, SPOLL,

to examine status byte.

10 OPTION BASE 1

20 ASSIGN @Sa TO 723

30 COM\INSTR\@Sa

Trace_a(800)

COM

40

CLEAR

50

OUTPUT @Sa;"IP;SNGLS;TS;"

60

ON

70

ENABLE

80

OUTPUT

90

OUTPUT

100

OUTPUT

110

!

120

Idle:

130

!

140

END

150

!

160

@Sa

INTR

GOTO

CALL

7

INTR

@Sa;"RQS

@Sa;"ST

@Sa;"TS;"

Interrupt

7;2

36;"

10S;"

Idle

4-9

Monitoring System Operation

170 SUB Interrupt

180 S=SPOLL (723)

190 IF BIT(S,2)THEN CALL Trace_out

200 IF BIT(S,5)THEN CALL Error

210 SUBEND

220 !

230 !

240 SUB Trace_out

250 OPTION BASE 1

260 COM\INSTR\@Sa

trace_a(800)

COM

270

OUTPUT @Sa;"TRA?;"

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

350

360

ENTER

SUBEND

!

SUB

DIM

ASSIGN

OUTPUT

ENTER

@Sa;Trace_a(*)

Error

Mod_num$[6],Err_text$[30]

723

TO

@Sa

@Sa;"XERR?;"

USING

@Sa

"S(K)";Error_num,Mod_num$,Row_num,Col_num,Err_text$

370

380

PRINT

SUBEND

Error_num;Mod_num$;Row_num;Col_num;Err_text$

4-10

Monitoring System Operation

Monitoring System Operation Without Using Service

Requests

The easiest method to synchronize the execution of commands with other

events is with the DONE command. This has the disadvantage that the

computer is not available for other processing while waiting for the analyzer

to complete its commands.

The STB command may be used to monitor the value of the status byte at

any time. Executing

the

register

conducting

current

register

serial

is

to

value

is

poll

nonzero

serial

a

of

cleared,

done

is

set

as

,

STB?

computer

poll

status

hte

and

the

,

the

by

returns the decimal equivalent of the status-byte

the

if

not identical

return

status-byte

the

set.

is

service

request mask

. Executing

byte

RQS

status byte

.

bit

byte

command.

of the

then

status

is

.Both

STB?

similar but

methods will

executed,

is

only

STB?

When

COMMAND-COMPLETE,

4,

cleared

is

to

the

When

a

should

without

be

use

o

T

using

the

status

computer

to

byte

interrupt

monitor

system,

completion

the

following

any

of

sequence

command

followed:

monitored.

be

to

is

.

that

The

purpose

. This

ensure

to

is

instructs the

Send all

1.

Send

2.

that

Send

3.

commands

DONE?

all above

16

RQS

required

analyzer

the

to

commands

COMMAND-COMPLETE, to

,

before

followed

have

the

been

command

query

a

by

completed.

the analyzer

analyzer to generate a service interrupt when the command is complete.It

is not necessary to enable the interrupt system of the computer.

4. Do a serial poll of the analyzer status byte (by using SPOLL in HP BASIC).

This clears the status byte including bit 4, COMMAND-COMPLETE.

analyzer.

the

byte

sent

to

anytime

step

in

above

is

has been

that it

5

the command

desired

next time

monitored

be

to

is

of

that

the

analyzer

command

the

if

status

5.

6.

Send

Do

order

in

a

the

serial

to

command

poll

determine

completed. Bit 4 of the status byte will be clear until

completes. Once the command is completed, bit 4 will be set the

that the status byte is queried.

4-11

Debugging Programs

The OSA's debug feature help to locate faulty program code. When the mode

is on, each command sent to the OSA is tested and then displayed on the

OSA's data line (located below the graticule). When a faulty command is

encountered, subsequent commands are not executed. The faulty command is

the last command shown to the right end of the displayed data line. Use the

DEBUG

command to turn debugging on and o.

The debug mode has fast and slow settings. Use fast debugging for trapping

monitor

can

you

Slow

.

errors

the execution

P

N

A

N

and

.

USE

N

either

.Both

commands

command

program

N

CONT

NN

N

CONT

possible

a computer

analyzer

front-panel

the

The

suspends

N

NN

N

STEP

time

a

halted,

input is

device-clear

debugging

of each

slow and

controls or

NN

N

.

STEP

N

operation

N

continues

command

by

until

sent

is

executes

command, much

fast debugging

and should

remotely via

another

is

and

N

NN

N

executes

program

by

or

N

CONT

is

command

ASIC

B

(HP

program

the

be turned

debugging

activates

the

operation.

error

pressed

slowly

like stepping

modes

when

o

.

HP-IB

function.

the

analyzer

Once

during

or

debug

N

DEBUG On

CLEAR 723).

so

through

the

slow

not

When

debugging

program,

program

mode

N

NN

N

Off

a

execution

needed,

executed,

front-panel

command at

one

operation

no

,

N

set

is

program

either

keys

further

o,

to

on

of

with

AUSE

P

is

remote

or

,

a

To debug a program



Place

30

40 OUTPUT

DEBUG

the

OUTPUT

command

723;"DEBUG

723;"SENS

SLOW;"

UP;ILLEGAL;"

50 OUTPUT 723;"TS;"

60 OUTPUT 723;"MKPK HI;"

4-12

before

section

a

of

ctivate

A

Operation

ILLEGAL.

code

slow

stops

that

debug

at

needs

mode

illegal

testing.

.

command,

called

5

Creating

Graphics

Creating Graphics

This chapter explains how to draw objects and print text on the display.A

display, such as the HP 70004A, HP 70205A, or HP 70206A, is required for

graphics capability.

Graphics allow you to customize the display for your applications.Someof

the tasks you can perform include the following:



Creating line drawings

messages

Displaying



text



Displaying

Creating



Changing



measurement results

windows

custom

display

sized

sizing

and

scaling

5-2

Contents

Creating Graphics

Clearing the Display

To clear the display

Creating Graphics

To create a drawing

Drawing Grids

Drawing Graphics Items

To use a graphics item

To delete a graphics item

Displaying Text

To display text

text

erase

o

T

ariables

Displaying

o display

T

o

T

Changing

Using

o

T

o

T

o

T

V

displayed

erase

the

Graphics

reduce

create

a

place

variable

a

Scale

the

graphics

a

trace

::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::::

::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::

:::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::

::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :

:

variables

:

Windows

display

a

in

::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :

::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::

::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

::

:

area

:

::

:

::

window

:

::

:

5-10

5-11

5-15

5-16

5-19

:

5-20

:

5-20

:

5-20

:

5-21

:

5-24

5-27

:

5-27

:

5-27

:

5-4

5-5

5-9

5-3

Clearing the Display

Use the following commands to clear the display for graphics:

IPblanks the display line, trace B, and trace C by executing

BLANK TRB



CLRDSP

,and

erases

BLANK TRC

all

user-created graphics from the display and memory,

automatically.

DL OFF

except the contents of the title line. If you have stored graphics you wish

to recall for future display, use the DELETE command to erase items

individually.



ANNOT

OFF

blanks

all annotation

except the

display

status

and

box

line.

with

line

graticule

TRDSP

.

can

GRAT



the

TRDSP



updated

o

T

Send



OFF

GRID

clear

the

blanks

command explained

blanks

with

the

following

the graticule

.

traces

sweep

each

display

command

Unlike

or

40 OUTPUT 723;"CLRDSP;"

50 OUTPUT 723;"ANNOT OFF;GRAT OFF;"

60 OUTPUT 723;"TRDSP TRA,OFF;"

70 OUTPUT 723;"TRDSP TRB,OFF;"

80 OUTPUT 723;"TRDSP TRC,OFF;"

90

OUTPUT

723;"DL

OFF;"

ou

Y

.

at the

BLANK,

marked

strings

dierent

this

of

blanked

markers

A.

OS

a

section.

.

may

end

traces

with

to

create

the

Clear graphics from the display and memory.

Blank annotation and graticule.

Blank trace A.

Blank trace B.

Blank trace C.

display

Blank

,

the

with

data

be

5-4

Creating Graphics

Creating graphics is just like using a pen and paper. Graphics are drawn on

the display using an imaginary pen on an electronic tablet. The PD (pen

down) command draws on the display as the pen is moved. The PU (pen up)

command lifts the pen. Use PU to reposition the pen without drawing. When

the pen is lifted, previously drawn graphics are not erased (just as with a pen

and paper). Use the LINET command to select the type of line drawn.

Once drawn, objects

assign

to

IT

use

you

Items" in

must be

command,

must

graphics

The

A

P

display

the

specify

coordinates

the

by

the

position

PR

this chapter),

placed down

place

markers

is

pen

command

The

.

display

series

a

memory

command,

PR

on

draw

to

,or

IT

the pen

positioned

(plot

PR

relative

that

the

cannot

graphics

you can

to draw

characters written

down in

or

(MK),

on

absolute)

command

the

to

coordinates

X-Y

of

follow

can

display

the

in

especially

Use

display

.

object.

The following example shows how to draw an identical box using rst the PA

command and then the PR command.

100 OUTPUT 723;"PU;PA 0,0;PD;"

120

130

OUTPUT

723;"PA

723;"PU;PA

300,0,300,200,0,200;";

0,0;PD;"

140 OUTPUT 723;"PR 300,0,0,200,-300,0,0,-200;"

be moved, erased, or redrawn. However,if

objects

all objects

order

traces

X-Y

an

moves

(plot

current

pen-positioning

.

when

A

P

to

move,

with

draw

to

(GRAPH).

coordinate

the

relative)

pen

that

graphics

Some

the

position

to

or

,

erase

except

TITLE

the

lines

system

to

pen

moves

position.

moves

commands

object

same

the

redraw

those

(P

an

the

With

the

are

object

them.

dened

TEXT

or

and

A

dierent

absolute

pen

each

The

pen.

like

,

drawn

appears

on

command.

grids

PR),

ways

position

position on

a

to

command,

number

A,

P

more

in

display

the

The

with

is

eectively

more

\Drawing

to

(refer

item

an

Position pen.

Draw

return

rectangle

a

and line

using

feed.

Semicolon

A.

P

suppresses carriage

Draw a rectangle using PR.

Graphics

pen

the

(GRID),

The

.

on the

you

of

limited

than

then

,

item

ou

Y

X-Y

only

with

one

use

5-5

Creating Graphics

Carriage-return/line-feed

commands

and PR

A

P

specify coordinate

to

used

line.

program

each

the entire

commands

before

are

Including

Draw a Rectangle with PAorPD

coordinate

X-Y

of

series

a

y

these

list

b

carriage

characters

coordinate

of

return

and

between

pairs

line

X-Y

processed.

is

followed

pairs,

feeds

coordinate

must

pairs.

If

suppressed

be

pairs

several

terminates

program

the

at

the

end

P

lines

A

are

of

PR

or

5-6

Creating Graphics

The next example shows one way to move the rectangle to dierent positions

on the display.

100 OUTPUT 723;"PU;PA 0,0;PD;"

110 OUTPUT 723;"PR 300,0,0,200,-300,0,0,-200;"

120 OUTPUT 723;"PU;PA 300,300;PD;"

130 OUTPUT 723;"PR 300,0,0,200,-300,0,0,-200;"

140 OUTPUT 723;"PU;PA 600,600;PD;"

150 OUTPUT 723;"PR 300,0,0,200,-300,0,0,-200;"

LINET

that

.

dierent

Once

.

type

the

The

A

OS

The

command,

drawn

line

with

types

draws

Position pen.

Draw rectangle.

Position pen.

Draw rectangle.

Position pen.

Draw rectangle.

Reposition

of

types

line

following

lines

type

Rectangle

the

which

,

specied,

is

example

specied by

are

all

draws

subsequent

rectangles

the line-type

are

lines

dierent

with

100 FOR N=0 TO 750 STEP 150

110 L=L+1

120 OUTPUT 723;"LINET ";L;";"

130 OUTPUT 723;"PU;PA ",N,N;";PD;"

140

150

OUTPUT

N

300,0,0,200,-300,0,0,-200;"

command

OR

The

P1, in the current scale units

example, the box is drawn without any oset.

500 units in the X and Y directions

120 OUTPUT 723;"PU;PA 0,0;PD;"

osets

Repeat lines 110 through 140 for six values of N: 0,150,300,450,600,

and 750.

Increase L by one.

Select line type.

Position pen.

graphics

of

.

on

display relative

the

to

rectangle

Draw

position

the

The programs below draw a box. In the rst

.

In the second, the box is oset

.

Place pen down at 0,0.

5-7

Creating Graphics

130 OUTPUT 723;"PA 0,400,400,400,400,0,0,0;"

Oset

OUTPUT

120

130 OUTPUT

OUTPUT

140

723;"OR

723;"PU;PA

723;"PA

500,500;"

0,400,400,400,400,0,0,0;"

Draw

0,0;PD;"

Box

Without

Draw to coordinates X1, Y1,

X2, Y2, X3, Y3, X4, Y4.

origin.

Oset

box.

Draw

5-8

Draw Box With Oset

Hewlett-Packard 2B, 1B, HP 71450B User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual